X-Planes: Aerojet X-8 Aerobee

The Aerojet X-8 has no pilot, no wings, no undercarriage, and no capacity for sustained flight. It is a tube of propellant tanks with three fins, thrown off a tower by a solid booster, burning for less than a minute, coasting to about 116 kilometres in the version table of Aerobee or about 110 in the account of Mattson and Tagg 1995, and falling back. That trajectory crosses the Karman line and returns, which makes it a sounding rocket rather than an aircraft under any definition that has ever been proposed. This article is the ninth in the X-Planes series, following the X-1, the X-2, the X-3, the X-4, the X-5, the X-6, and the X-7. It is the first article in the series whose subject is not an aircraft, and the question of what an X-designation meant when it was applied to a sounding rocket is not a pedantic one. It is the beginning of a drift in the meaning of the letter that the rest of the series will keep encountering.

The X-8 is better known by the name Aerojet gave it, which is Aerobee, a contraction of the company’s name and of the Navy’s Bumblebee guided-missile programme. Under that name the family flew 1,037 times between 1947 and 1985, a total recorded in Aerobee from the launch tables compiled in Wade, Aerobee. The X-designation covers about sixty of those flights, according to Aerojet General X-8. The standard inventory of the series, Jenkins Landis and Miller 2003 American X-Vehicles, An Inventory X-1 to X-50, gives the X-8 a single page, and Alway 1999 Rockets of the World and Ordway and Wakeford 1960 International Missile and Spacecraft Guide compile the data vehicle by vehicle.

The Research Question

Every previous vehicle in this series was the object of its own measurement. The X-1 was instrumented to find out what happened to the X-1. The X-3 existed to determine whether a highly loaded trapezoidal wing behaved as predicted, and the wing in question was its own. Even the X-7, which was expendable and uncrewed, was flying to characterise the ramjet bolted underneath it.

The X-8 is the first X-vehicle whose own performance is not what is being measured. It exists to put an instrument above the atmosphere and to get the resulting numbers back. The vehicle is not the experiment. The vehicle is the apparatus, and the design requirement that follows from this is unusual enough to state with care, because it drives the rest of the design.

The requirement is transparency. A carrier that is itself the subject of study may perturb the measurement freely, since the perturbation is the datum. A carrier whose job is to deliver somebody else’s instrument must not perturb the measurement, and every way in which it might do so becomes a design constraint. It must reach the altitude the physics of the phenomenon sets. It must spend enough time there. It must not vibrate the instrument to destruction, outgas onto its optics, obscure its field of view, or leave its pointing direction unknown. It must return the data. And it must do all of this cheaply enough that the measurement can be repeated, because a single measurement of a variable quantity is not a measurement of anything.

Those six requirements are not independent and the trades between them are the content of this article. DeVorkin 1992 Science With a Vengeance, the standard account of how the military created the American space sciences after 1945, tells the institutional history of how they came to be posed at all, and Newell 1980 Beyond the Atmosphere, Early Years of Space Science gives the participant’s version.

Why Altitude Is Set by Optical Depth

The first requirement has an exact form. It is also the requirement most often stated wrongly. A sounding rocket does not need to reach space. It needs to get above the part of the atmosphere that absorbs whatever it is trying to observe, and where that is depends on the wavelength.

Radiation traversing an absorbing medium follows the Beer and Lambert relation, in which the intensity $I$ falls with the optical depth $\tau$ accumulated along the path,

\[I(z) = I_{\infty} \, e^{-\tau(z)} \tag{1}\]

The optical depth above an altitude $z$ is the column of absorbers overhead weighted by the absorption cross-section $\sigma$, so that for a species of number density $n$ observed at the zenith,

\[\tau(z) = \sigma \int_{z}^{\infty} n(z') \, \mathrm{d}z' \tag{2}\]

In an isothermal layer the density falls exponentially with the scale height $H$, the ratio of thermal energy to gravitational potential energy per molecule,

\[H = \frac{k T}{m g} \tag{3}\]

in which $k$ is the Boltzmann constant, $T$ the temperature, $m$ the mean molecular mass, and $g$ the local gravitational acceleration. For a mean molecular mass of 28.9 atomic mass units, which is $4.80 \times 10^{-26}$ kilogrammes, a temperature of 250 kelvin, and $g$ of 9.5 metres per second squared,

\[H = \frac{(1.381 \times 10^{-23})(250)}{(4.80 \times 10^{-26})(9.5)} = 7.6 \times 10^{3} \, \text{m} \tag{4}\]

so the scale height is about 7.6 kilometres. With that profile the integral collapses and the optical depth becomes the local density multiplied by the scale height and the cross-section,

\[\tau(z) = \sigma \, n(z) \, H \tag{5}\]

The altitude at which the atmosphere becomes transparent is therefore where $\tau$ falls to unity, which happens at a density

\[n^{*} = \frac{1}{\sigma H} \tag{6}\]

and, taking $n_0$ as the sea-level number density of $2.5 \times 10^{25}$ per cubic metre, at an altitude

\[z^{*} = H \ln \left( \frac{n_0}{n^{*}} \right) = H \ln \left( \sigma H n_0 \right) \tag{7}\]

The treatment originates with Chapman 1931a and Chapman 1931b, whose two-part paper on the absorption of monochromatic radiation in a stratified atmosphere is where the exponential layer, the unit-optical-depth level, and the slant-path function all come from. This article follows the textbook developments of Banks and Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy, Rees 1989 Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere, and Chamberlain 1961 Physics of the Aurora and Airglow. This is the equation that sizes the vehicle, and its most important property is that the required altitude depends on the logarithm of the cross-section. A phenomenon absorbed a hundred times more strongly does not require a hundred times the altitude. It requires an additional $H \ln 100$, or about 35 kilometres. Optical depth is a forgiving master.

Three worked cases fix the scale. Solar Lyman-alpha radiation at 121.6 nanometres sits in a window of the molecular oxygen absorption spectrum where the cross-section is roughly $1 \times 10^{-24}$ square metres. Oxygen is 21 percent of the atmosphere by number, so the total density at which the oxygen column reaches unit optical depth is

\[n^{*}_{\text{tot}} = \frac{1}{0.21 \, \sigma H} = \frac{1}{(0.21)(10^{-24})(7.6 \times 10^{3})} = 6.3 \times 10^{20} \, \text{m}^{-3} \tag{8}\] \[z^{*} = 7.6 \ln \left( \frac{2.5 \times 10^{25}}{6.3 \times 10^{20}} \right) = 7.6 \times 10.6 = 80 \, \text{km} \tag{9}\]

so Lyman-alpha becomes observable at about 80 kilometres, which is why it can be studied from a modest rocket and why it penetrates as far down as the ionospheric D region. Soft X-radiation near 44 angstroms meets cross-sections around $1 \times 10^{-23}$ square metres against the bulk atmosphere, giving

\[z^{*} = 7.6 \ln \left( (10^{-23})(7.6 \times 10^{3})(2.5 \times 10^{25}) \right) = 7.6 \times 14.5 = 110 \, \text{km} \tag{10}\]

Ozone in the Hartley band near 255 nanometres is the opposite case. The cross-section is enormous at $1.15 \times 10^{-21}$ square metres, but ozone is a trace constituent with a total column of roughly $8 \times 10^{22}$ per square metre, so the optical depth of the whole layer is

\[\tau = \sigma N = (1.15 \times 10^{-21})(8 \times 10^{22}) = 92 \tag{11}\]

The layer is opaque by a factor of $e^{92}$ and its top is near 40 kilometres, so the measurement requires only that the rocket climb through it while watching the sun, the method by which Johnson et al. 1952 made it. Ozone’s absorption structure and its consequences for what reaches the ground are set out in Ozone Layer, and the resonance line whose transmission fixes the 80 kilometre figure is Lyman-alpha.

Three phenomena, three altitudes, spanning 40 to 110 kilometres. The X-8’s design apogee of about 116 kilometres is not a round number. It is the smallest altitude that clears all three with margin, and the fact that it barely clears the highest of them is the reason X-ray astronomy waited for a larger vehicle.

The Figure of Merit Is Time, Not Altitude

What gets quoted is the apogee. It is not what the experimenter pays for. Above a threshold altitude $h_t$ the instrument is working and below it the instrument is blind, so the quantity that matters is the time spent above the threshold.

For a vehicle coasting ballistically near apogee, with $g$ treated as constant over the arc, the altitude is a parabola in time and the interval above $h_t$ for an apogee $h_a$ is

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \left( h_a - h_t \right)}{g}} \tag{12}\]

For the X-8 reaching 116 kilometres, the observing time above the Lyman-alpha threshold of 80 kilometres is

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2 \left( 36 \times 10^{3} \right)}{9.5}} = 2 \times 87 = 174 \, \text{s} \tag{13}\]

which is a little under three minutes. Above the soft X-ray threshold of 110 kilometres the same flight gives

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2 \left( 6 \times 10^{3} \right)}{9.5}} = 2 \times 35.5 = 71 \, \text{s} \tag{14}\]

A six-kilometre margin yields 71 seconds and a thirty-six-kilometre margin yields 174. The square root governs the economics of sounding rockets, and it becomes clearer when the threshold is set at the burnout altitude, where the relation simplifies exactly. Burnout at altitude $h_b$ with vertical velocity $v_b$ gives an apogee

\[h_a = h_b + \frac{v_b^{2}}{2g} \tag{15}\]

and substituting into the observing-time relation with $h_t = h_b$ cancels the burnout altitude,

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2}{g} \cdot \frac{v_b^{2}}{2g}} = \frac{2 v_b}{g} \tag{16}\]

The observing time above burnout altitude is exactly twice the burnout velocity divided by gravity, the elementary result that a projectile’s flight time is set by its vertical velocity. Combining it with the ideal rocket relation, in which the achievable velocity increment is the effective exhaust velocity $c$ multiplied by the logarithm of the mass ratio $R$,

\[\Delta v = c \ln R \tag{17}\]

which is the Tsiolkovsky rocket equation and is derived in Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements and Hill and Peterson 1991 Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion, gives the relation this article is built on,

\[t_{\text{obs}} = \frac{2c}{g} \ln R \tag{18}\]

Observing time is linear in exhaust velocity and logarithmic in mass ratio. With the Aerobee’s propellants, whose effective exhaust velocity is about 1,962 metres per second, the coefficient is

\[\frac{2c}{g} = \frac{2 \times 1962}{9.81} = 400 \, \text{s} \tag{19}\]

so the rule of thumb is that every factor of $e$ in mass ratio adds 400 seconds of observation. Doubling the observing time from five minutes to ten requires the mass ratio to be squared. Doubling it again requires the fourth power. A sounding-rocket programme therefore gathers statistics by flying more often, not by flying higher. That conclusion is the quantitative core of the X-8’s existence.

What the Instrument Cannot Tolerate

The remaining requirements are constraints rather than objectives, and each one has a threshold below which the measurement is not merely degraded but destroyed.

Pointing knowledge is the first. An instrument with a field of view of half-angle $\theta$ that is pointed with an uncertainty $\Delta\theta$ collects a signal reduced roughly in proportion to the overlap, and when $\Delta\theta$ exceeds $\theta$ the signal is not attenuated but absent. For a photometer looking at a star, the fraction of flights returning usable data against a Gaussian pointing error of standard deviation $s$ is

\[P_{\text{hit}} = 1 - \exp \left( -\frac{\theta^{2}}{2 s^{2}} \right) \tag{20}\]

which falls below one half once $s$ exceeds $0.85\theta$. Pointing is a cliff, not a slope, so the early flights carried wide-field detectors and narrow-field instruments had to wait for attitude control. Wertz 1978 Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control treats the determination and control problem in its general form.

Vibration is the second. A payload structure with natural frequency $f_n$ and quality factor $Q$ driven by a broadband acceleration spectral density $S_a$ responds with a root-mean-square acceleration

\[a_{\text{rms}} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2} f_n Q \, S_a} \tag{21}\]

so a lightly damped resonance in the launch band amplifies the environment as the square root of its quality factor. The Aerobee’s flight vibration environment was measured directly and reported by Coble and Nagy 1964, and the boost phase of a solid motor is the worst of it.

Contamination, the third, is peculiar to instruments working in the ultraviolet. A monolayer of hydrocarbon deposited on a mirror can absorb a large fraction of the incident flux below 200 nanometres. The deposition rate from an outgassing surface at partial pressure $p$ follows from kinetic theory as a flux

\[\Phi = \frac{p}{\sqrt{2 \pi m k T}} \tag{22}\]

and the time to accumulate a monolayer of surface density $N_s$ is $N_s / (\alpha \Phi)$ with sticking coefficient $\alpha$. At $10^{-6}$ torr, which is $1.33 \times 10^{-4}$ pascals, and a molecular mass of 100 atomic mass units at 300 kelvin, the flux is of order $10^{18}$ per square metre per second and a monolayer of $10^{19}$ per square metre accumulates in about ten seconds at unit sticking. The vehicle can blind the instrument during the ascent. Blanchard and Farlow 1966 treated the control of this problem across design, fabrication, test, and launch.

The fourth is data return, which the X-8 failed at first. A later section treats it separately, because the argument for physical recovery over telemetry is quantitative and decisive.

Repetition and the Number of Flights

The last requirement separates a vehicle from a programme. Most of what a sounding rocket measures is variable. The solar ultraviolet flux varies over the eleven-year cycle and over a single flare. The density of the thermosphere varies with local time, season, latitude, and magnetic activity by factors of several. A single profile is a sample from a distribution and says almost nothing about the distribution.

Detecting a difference of size $d$ between two conditions, against a natural scatter of standard deviation $\sigma$, at significance $z_\alpha$ and power $z_\beta$, requires a number of flights per condition of

\[n = 2 \left( \frac{ \left( z_{\alpha} + z_{\beta} \right) \sigma }{d} \right)^{2} \tag{23}\]

For a difference equal to the scatter itself, at the conventional 5 percent significance and 80 percent power, this gives

\[n = 2 \left( \frac{1.96 + 0.84}{1} \right)^{2} = 15.7 \approx 16 \tag{24}\]

The relation is the standard two-sample power calculation of Box Hunter and Hunter 2005 Statistics for Experimenters and Cohen 1988 Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Sixteen flights per condition, to resolve an effect the size of the noise. No stock of captured V-2 rockets supports that. The V-2 supply was finite, and Fraser 1985 recalls that this was obvious from the start of the research programme in 1946. What the experimenters needed was not a better rocket but a rocket that could be bought, and the difference between a stock and a production line is the difference between a survey and a time series.

The cost relation follows immediately. For a budget $C$ and a unit cost $c_u$ the achievable sample is $n = C / c_u$, and the standard error of any mean improves as

\[\mathrm{SE} = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}} = \sigma \sqrt{\frac{c_u}{C}} \tag{25}\]

so precision improves as the inverse square root of unit cost at fixed budget. Halving the price of a flight is worth as much as reducing the instrumental scatter by 30 percent, and is usually easier. The X-7 rests on the same expendability argument in a different currency. The X-7 bought the right to sample where a crewed vehicle could not go, and the X-8 the right to sample often.

Programme Origin

The origin is unusually well documented because the man who instigated it wrote it down at the time, in a memorandum of 15 January 1946 that Fraser 1985 describes.

In late 1945 James Van Allen was supervising the High Altitude Research Group at the Applied Physics Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University, and was asked to survey what upper-atmosphere research required, as Fraser 1985 and Wade recount. The available options were unsatisfactory in opposite directions. The captured V-2 was capable but heavy, complex, in finite supply, and shared among many claimants under the Army’s Project Hermes. V-2 Sounding Rocket covers the scientific use of those vehicles, the immediate predecessor of everything in this article, and the rocket-powered flight lineage the X-series came from is surveyed in History of Rocketplanes. The WAC Corporal, developed by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the first American vehicle designed as a sounding rocket, was cheap but too small, carrying a payload of 25 pounds, which is 11 kilogrammes. The V-2 research programme that both were meant to succeed is described by Newell 1959 Sounding Rockets and, from the German side of the lineage, by Neufeld 1995 The Rocket and the Reich and Ley 1968 Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel.

Van Allen’s conclusion was that the requirement fell between them, and that what was needed was a new rocket of much greater load capacity than the WAC Corporal. In 1946 he visited Aerojet, which was then producing WAC Corporal rockets and developing the thrust chamber for the Nike Ajax surface-to-air missile, to survey its capabilities, which included that chamber. He was simultaneously responsible for the sounding-rocket portion of the Applied Physics Laboratory’s Bumblebee programme, and the name Aerobee is his contraction of the two. The account is Aerojet’s corporate history as quoted by Wade, with the survey and the requirement as Fraser 1985 gives them.

The contract followed on 17 May 1946, after the Applied Physics Laboratory had recommended that the Navy’s Bureau of Ordnance negotiate it, and was presented to Aerojet for twenty liquid-fuelled sounding rockets carrying 68 kilogrammes to 91 kilometres [Fraser 1985] [Mattson and Tagg 1995]. Aerobee names the Naval Research Laboratory as the party that presented it, a detail neither of those two accounts gives. Fifteen were allocated to the Applied Physics Laboratory and five to the Naval Research Laboratory. Douglas supplied aerodynamic engineering and part of the production, as Mattson and Tagg 1995 and Aerobee record. The design was described publicly by Van Allen et al. 1948 in Science, the primary announcement of the vehicle and the reference this article treats as authoritative on intent. Van Allen looked back on the period himself in Van Allen 1983 Origins of Magnetospheric Physics.

Contractor and service reporting on the vehicle survives in the defence technical archive rather than in the aerospace one, and Walker 1954 is the research and development report on the Navy Aerobee-Hi, the closest thing in the accessible record to a programme document for this family. Ashburn 1961, a history of the Naval Ordnance Test Station’s upper-atmosphere programme, supplies the wider service context, and vehicle procurement in quantity is described much later by Alford et al. 1972.

The Air Force was not in the room. The X-8 designation arrives later. It attaches to an Air Force procurement of a vehicle that already existed under Navy sponsorship. The Air Research and Development Command initiated Project MX-1011, and Aerojet General X-8 records an order for thirty-three vehicles as RTV-A-1, meaning research test vehicle, Air Force, type 1, which Parsch gives the XASR-2 sustainer. That designation was changed to X-8 in 1951, when the Air Force gave its missiles aircraft designations and moved its research test vehicles into the X-series, a change Parsch dates to May 1951, seventeen months after the first Air Force flight. The Air Force’s statistical digests show the change in progress. The digest for fiscal year 1951 still lists the Shrike and the Navaho test vehicle as RTV-A-4 and RTV-A-5, and the digest for fiscal year 1952 lists the Shrike as X-9 with the old RTV-A-4 beside it. The Epistemic State below gives the remaining evidence.

The consequence is that the same airframe carried at least four designation systems simultaneously. The Navy flew it as RTV-N-8 and later RTV-N-10. The Army Signal Corps flew it as XASR-SC-1 and XASR-SC-2. Aerojet called it the Aerobee. The Air Force called it RTV-A-1 and then X-8, as Aerobee and Parsch record. A vehicle launched by two services from adjacent ranges in the same month had two different names and only one of them was an X-number. The launch tables of Wade show such months, among them May 1950, when the Air Force flew from Holloman and the Navy from White Sands.

What the Contract Bought

The vehicle Aerojet laid out is described by Carson Hawk, who did the preliminary design, in the company history that Wade reproduces, and the account documents the state of the art. He and a colleague were assigned the design one day, visited Caltech the next to review wind-tunnel data on a smaller vehicle, returned to Aerojet, and laid out the Aerobee on the third day. They performed a weight analysis using the known specific impulse of the 2,600-pound-thrust chamber with red fuming nitric acid and the aniline and furfuryl alcohol blend, took drag data from the Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratory, and integrated the trajectory stepwise on an electromechanical Marchant calculator.

The first flights showed the design to be conservative by about five percent. That figure is the most useful number in the programme’s history for calibrating how good hand computation was in 1946. The Comparison With Ground Prediction section returns to it.

Sizing From First Principles

The following sections dimension the vehicle from the requirements above. Every symbol is defined in prose before it appears. Where a published figure and a computed one disagree, the disagreement is stated.

The parameters taken as given are those reported for the RTV-A-1 configuration, the baseline X-8, in the version table of Aerobee, in Aerojet General X-8 and in Parsch. Total mass at liftoff is 745 kilogrammes. Body diameter is 0.38 metres. Overall length with booster is 7.9 metres and the sustainer alone is 6.2 metres. Fin span is 1.6 metres. The booster is an Aerojet 2.5KS18000 solid motor producing 18,000 pounds of thrust, which is 80.1 kilonewtons, for 2.5 seconds. The sustainer is the XASR-2 producing 2,600 pounds of thrust, which is 11.6 kilonewtons, for approximately 40 seconds. Payload is 68 kilogrammes. Reported apogee is 116 kilometres in the version table, against the maximum of 360,000 feet, about 110 kilometres, that Mattson and Tagg 1995 give for the standard Aerobee X-8, and the burnout velocity reported by White 2011 is 4,420 feet per second, which is 1,347 metres per second, at 17 nautical miles, which is 31.5 kilometres.

The Propellant, and What It Costs to Choose It

The sustainer burns red fuming nitric acid against a blend that is 65 percent aniline and 35 percent furfuryl alcohol, the combination Aerojet’s history gives in Wade. The combination is hypergolic, meaning that it ignites on contact without an ignition system, and this single property drives the architecture.

The theoretical performance of a propellant combination follows from the exhaust velocity of an ideal expansion, in which the effective exhaust velocity is set by the combustion temperature $T_c$, the mean molecular mass of the products $M$, the ratio of specific heats $\gamma$, and the pressure ratio across the nozzle,

\[c = \sqrt{ \frac{2 \gamma}{\gamma - 1} \cdot \frac{R_u T_c}{M} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{p_e}{p_c} \right)^{\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma}} \right] } \tag{26}\]

with $R_u$ the universal gas constant, $p_c$ the chamber pressure, and $p_e$ the exit pressure. For nitric acid against an aniline blend the flame temperature is near 2,900 kelvin with products of mean molecular mass near 25 grammes per mole and $\gamma$ near 1.22. At a chamber pressure of 2.8 megapascals expanding to 0.1 megapascals,

\[c = \sqrt{ \frac{2 \times 1.22}{0.22} \cdot \frac{(8.314)(2900)}{0.025} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{0.1}{2.8} \right)^{0.180} \right] } \tag{27}\]

The bracketed term evaluates to $1 - 0.549 = 0.451$, the leading factor is 11.09, and the specific gas term is $9.644 \times 10^{5}$, so

\[c = \sqrt{ (11.09)(9.644 \times 10^{5})(0.451) } = \sqrt{4.82 \times 10^{6}} = 2196 \, \text{m/s} \tag{28}\]

corresponding to a theoretical specific impulse, being the exhaust velocity divided by standard gravity,

\[I_{sp} = \frac{c}{g_0} = \frac{2196}{9.81} = 224 \, \text{s} \tag{29}\]

Taking real engines of the period to have delivered roughly 88 to 92 percent of the theoretical figure, the working value used throughout this article is 200 seconds of specific impulse, giving an effective exhaust velocity of 1,962 metres per second. The full tradeoff space this choice sits in is the subject of Rocket Propellant Chemistry, A Design-Tradeoff Space. The thermochemistry behind the figure is the equilibrium calculation of Gordon and McBride 1959, whose method underlies every performance table of the period, and the propellant class itself is surveyed in Clark 1972 Ignition, An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants and Sutton 2006 History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. This is a poor propellant by any modern standard and it was chosen anyway. Liquid oxygen and alcohol, flown on the V-2, gives a higher figure. Performance was not the reason for rejecting it.

Liquid oxygen boils at 90 kelvin. A cryogenic vehicle must be loaded shortly before launch, must be topped continuously until it flies, and cannot be held on the tower while a cloud crosses the field of view or a telemetry station reports a fault. The rate at which that matters is computable. Heat leaking into a tank at $\dot{Q}$ boils propellant off at

\[\dot{m}_{\text{boil}} = \frac{\dot{Q}}{h_{fg}} = \frac{U A \left( T_{\infty} - T_{\text{sat}} \right)}{h_{fg}} \tag{30}\]

For the 0.34 cubic metre tank sized below, whose wetted area is about 3.9 square metres, an uninsulated wall with an overall coefficient near 5 watts per square metre kelvin, and a 210 kelvin temperature difference against a latent heat of 213 kilojoules per kilogramme,

\[\dot{m}_{\text{boil}} = \frac{(5)(3.9)(210)}{2.13 \times 10^{5}} = 0.0192 \, \text{kg/s} = 69 \, \text{kg/h} \tag{31}\]

against a liquid oxygen load of about 388 kilogrammes in that volume, which is 18 percent of the oxidiser per hour. A vehicle held four hours on the tower for weather or for a telemetry fault would lose most of its oxidiser. Seventy years later the problem is still the problem. Zero boil-off systems are being pursued by Zhang et al. 2025e, tank pressurisation under thermal load is modelled by Lan et al. 2024, and the achievable rate for an insulated vessel is measured by Lee et al. 2026. The X-8 solved it by declining to use a cryogen at all, which remains the cheapest solution available to anyone who can accept the performance. Nitric acid and aniline are liquids at ambient temperature and can be loaded and left. The propellant choice trades performance for operational tempo. The vehicle makes that trade throughout, and the observing-time relation derived above justifies it. A propellant 12 percent better in exhaust velocity gives 12 percent more observing time. Flying twice as often improves the precision of every mean the programme reports by a factor of $\sqrt{2}$.

The price is paid in handling. Red fuming nitric acid attacks most metals, decomposes to nitrogen dioxide, and is acutely toxic. Aniline is absorbed through skin and is a methaemoglobin-forming poison. The vehicle is safe to store and dangerous to touch, and the modern successors to this trade are discussed in the contemporary literature section. The properties of the oxidiser are given in Red Fuming Nitric Acid and of the fuel in Aniline and Furfuryl Alcohol, and the ignition behaviour that defines the class is Hypergolic Propellant. Ladanyi 1952 documents the period’s technique for measuring ignition delay at simulated altitude, with the additive effects that shorten it in Breen et al. 1967 and the ignition-spike phenomenon that a hypergolic start can produce surveyed by Christos and Perlee 1965. Wise and Frech 1950 studied the decomposition kinetics of the oxidiser, the property that makes red fuming nitric acid corrosive in storage as well as reactive in the chamber.

Chamber, Throat, and What the Nozzle Reveals

The engine is regeneratively cooled and pressure-fed, and Aerojet’s account, as Wade reproduces it, preserves a detail from which most of the remaining geometry can be recovered. The 4,000-pound-thrust unit that succeeded the XASR-2 had a nozzle expansion ratio of 4.6 and produced 4,100 pounds of thrust at sea level and 4,728 pounds at altitude.

The difference between vacuum and sea-level thrust is the ambient pressure acting on the exit plane,

\[F_{\text{vac}} - F_{\text{SL}} = p_{\text{amb}} A_e \tag{32}\]

so the exit area follows directly,

\[A_e = \frac{(4728 - 4100) \, \text{lbf}}{14.7 \, \text{psi}} = \frac{628}{14.7} = 42.7 \, \text{in}^{2} \tag{33}\]

which is 0.0276 square metres, an exit diameter of

\[d_e = \sqrt{\frac{4 A_e}{\pi}} = \sqrt{\frac{4 \times 0.0276}{\pi}} = 0.187 \, \text{m} \tag{34}\]

and, at the stated expansion ratio, a throat area and diameter of

\[A_t = \frac{A_e}{\varepsilon} = \frac{0.0276}{4.6} = 6.00 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{m}^{2}, \qquad d_t = 0.0874 \, \text{m} \tag{35}\]

The chamber pressure follows from the thrust coefficient, and the thrust coefficient follows from the expansion ratio alone. The area ratio fixes the exit Mach number $M_e$ through the isentropic area relation,

\[\varepsilon = \frac{A_e}{A_t} = \frac{1}{M_e} \left[ \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M_e^{2} \right) \right]^{\frac{\gamma+1}{2(\gamma-1)}} \tag{36}\]

which for $\varepsilon = 4.6$ and $\gamma = 1.22$ inverts to $M_e = 2.76$, and the exit pressure ratio follows,

\[\frac{p_e}{p_c} = \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M_e^{2} \right)^{-\frac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}} = 0.0344 \tag{37}\]

The thrust coefficient is then the momentum term plus the pressure term acting over the exit area,

\[C_F = \sqrt{ \frac{2\gamma^{2}}{\gamma-1} \left( \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \right)^{\frac{\gamma+1}{\gamma-1}} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{p_e}{p_c} \right)^{\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma}} \right] } + \left( \frac{p_e - p_a}{p_c} \right) \varepsilon \tag{38}\]

The momentum term evaluates to 1.466, so the vacuum value is

\[C_{F,\text{vac}} = 1.466 + (0.0344)(4.6) = 1.624 \tag{39}\]

The sea-level value cannot be stated independently of the chamber pressure, because the ambient term contains $p_c$ in its denominator, so the two must be solved together. Setting the sea-level thrust to its reported 4,100 pounds, which is 18,237 newtons,

\[F_{\text{SL}} = \left[ C_{F,\text{vac}} - \frac{p_a \varepsilon}{p_c} \right] p_c A_t = C_{F,\text{vac}} \, p_c A_t - p_a A_e \tag{40}\] \[p_c = \frac{F_{\text{SL}} + p_a A_e}{C_{F,\text{vac}} A_t} = \frac{18237 + (101325)(0.02756)}{(1.624)(5.99 \times 10^{-3})} = 2.16 \times 10^{6} \, \text{Pa} \tag{41}\]

giving a sea-level coefficient of

\[C_{F,\text{SL}} = 1.624 - \frac{(101325)(4.6)}{2.16 \times 10^{6}} = 1.409 \tag{42}\]

The chain has an independent check. Carrying the same chamber pressure back to vacuum gives

\[F_{\text{vac}} = C_{F,\text{vac}} \, p_c A_t = (1.624)(2.16 \times 10^{6})(5.99 \times 10^{-3}) = 21{,}030 \, \text{N} = 4727 \, \text{lbf} \tag{43}\]

against the separately reported 4,728 pounds, which agrees to one pound in four thousand. The chamber pressure is therefore 2.16 megapascals, or about 313 pounds per square inch. That is a very low chamber pressure, a direct consequence of the feed system.

The nozzle is also overexpanded at sea level, since the exit pressure of

\[p_e = 0.0344 \, p_c = (0.0344)(2.16 \times 10^{6}) = 74.3 \, \text{kPa} \tag{44}\]

sits below the 101.3 kilopascal ambient. The ratio $p_e / p_a$ of 0.73 is comfortably above the value near 0.4 at which the boundary layer separates from the wall, so the nozzle runs full and the penalty is confined to the pressure term already accounted for. Separation in overexpanded nozzles remains a design concern for larger vehicles, where the side loads it generates are structurally significant, and modern treatments of it include Zebiri et al. 2020, Yu et al. 2023, and Yang et al. 2023b.

The characteristic velocity, which measures the quality of the combustion independently of the nozzle, is

\[c^{*} = \frac{p_c A_t}{\dot{m}} \tag{45}\]

and with the mass flow implied by 4,100 pounds of thrust at 200 seconds of specific impulse,

\[\dot{m} = \frac{F}{I_{sp} g_0} = \frac{(4100)(4.448)}{1962} = 9.29 \, \text{kg/s} \tag{46}\] \[c^{*} = \frac{(2.16 \times 10^{6})(5.99 \times 10^{-3})}{9.29} = 1393 \, \text{m/s} \tag{47}\]

The theoretical value it should be compared against comes from the choked-flow condition at the throat, where the mass flow through a sonic throat is fixed by the chamber conditions alone,

\[\dot{m} = \frac{p_c A_t}{\sqrt{R T_c}} \, \Gamma, \qquad \Gamma = \sqrt{\gamma} \left( \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \right)^{\frac{\gamma+1}{2(\gamma-1)}} \tag{48}\]

in which $R$ is the specific gas constant of the products. Comparing this with the definition of $c^{*}$ shows that the characteristic velocity is a property of the combustion gas and nothing else,

\[c^{*}_{\text{ideal}} = \frac{\sqrt{R T_c}}{\Gamma} \tag{49}\]

For $\gamma = 1.22$ the flow factor is $\Gamma = 0.652$, and with a specific gas constant of $8.314 / 0.025 = 333$ joules per kilogramme kelvin at 2,900 kelvin,

\[c^{*}_{\text{ideal}} = \frac{\sqrt{(333)(2900)}}{0.652} = \frac{982}{0.652} = 1505 \, \text{m/s} \tag{50}\]

and the combustion efficiency is therefore

\[\eta_{c^{*}} = \frac{1393}{1505} = 0.926 \tag{51}\]

or about 93 percent. That is respectable for a 1950s injector and consistent with the injection studies of Heidmann and Auble 1955 and the vaporisation-limited analysis of Heidmann 1957. The nozzle relations used here follow Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements and Anderson 2002 Modern Compressible Flow, and the expansion-ratio effect on delivered performance was tabulated for the period by Morrell 1956. The cooling problem that produced those burnouts can be sized. The gas-side heat transfer coefficient at a rocket throat follows the correlation of Bartz, which for a throat diameter $d_t$, viscosity $\mu$, specific heat $c_p$, and Prandtl number $\mathrm{Pr}$ is

\[h_g = \frac{0.026}{d_t^{0.2}} \left( \frac{\mu^{0.2} c_p}{\mathrm{Pr}^{0.6}} \right) \left( \frac{p_c}{c^{*}} \right)^{0.8} \tag{52}\]

Taking a viscosity of $8 \times 10^{-5}$ pascal seconds, a specific heat of 1,900 joules per kilogramme kelvin, and a Prandtl number of 0.8,

\[h_g = \frac{0.026}{(0.0874)^{0.2}} \left( \frac{(8 \times 10^{-5})^{0.2}(1900)}{(0.8)^{0.6}} \right) \left( \frac{2.16 \times 10^{6}}{1393} \right)^{0.8} = 4900 \, \text{W/m}^{2}\text{K} \tag{53}\]

and against a gas-to-wall temperature difference of about 1,900 kelvin the throat heat flux is

\[q_t = h_g \left( T_{aw} - T_w \right) = (4900)(1900) = 9.3 \, \text{MW/m}^{2} \tag{54}\]

Estimating that flux remains an open research problem. Concio et al. 2023 compute throat heat flux numerically for an oxygen and methane chamber, Shin et al. 2022 compare the semi-empirical coefficients against measurement, Perakis and Haidn 2019 invert the problem to recover the flux from wall temperatures, and Pizzarelli and Battista 2023 review the experimental base. The correlation this article uses dates from 1957 and remains the first one anyone reaches for, a fair summary of how little the underlying physics has moved.

Nine megawatts per square metre is why the converging section burned through when the coolant bypassed it, and it also explains why the fix Aerojet found, which was to guarantee coolant contact rather than to increase coolant flow, was the right one. Aerojet’s account of the burnouts and of the fix is quoted by Wade. The failure is documented at first hand, since Bushnell and Busse 1966 report localised overheating in Aerobee regeneratively cooled thrust chambers directly, a better authority for it than the manufacturer’s later recollection this article otherwise leans on. The regenerative arrangement is the subject of the general treatment in Coulbert 1963 and the lightweight chamber development of Noel and Massier 1962. Mantler et al. 1953 investigated high-frequency combustion oscillation, which this class of engine was fortunate to avoid at its low chamber pressure, with the sustained programme on it at Princeton reported by Grey 1953 and Harrje 1959 and the nonlinear treatment consolidated in Harrje and Sirignano 1966. Hisler 1965 examines the same instability in the solid booster’s ancestor.

The exit diameter of 0.187 metres against a body diameter of 0.38 metres has a further consequence. The nozzle occupies a quarter of the base area, which for a vehicle with three fins mounted on the aft body means the fin roots sit in the plume shear layer, and the aerodynamic consequences of that are treated in the stability section.

Why the Engine Is Pressure-Fed

A liquid engine must deliver propellant to the chamber at above chamber pressure, and there are two ways to do it. A turbopump raises the pressure with machinery, permitting light tanks. Pressurised gas raises it by pressurising the tanks themselves, permitting no machinery at all.

The mass penalty of the second approach is computable. A tank of volume $V$ held at pressure $p$, built of a material with density $\rho_m$ and allowable stress $\sigma_a$, has a wall mass that for a thin-walled vessel of any shape approaches

\[m_{\text{tank}} = k \frac{\rho_m}{\sigma_a} p V \tag{55}\]

with $k$ equal to 3 for a sphere and 2 for a long cylinder with hemispherical ends. The ratio $\sigma_a / \rho_m$ is the specific strength, and for the aluminium alloys available in 1946 at an allowable of 200 megapascals and a density of 2,800 kilogrammes per cubic metre it is $7.1 \times 10^{4}$ square metres per second squared.

For a cylindrical propellant tank of 0.38 metres diameter and 3 metres length, the volume is

\[V = \frac{\pi d^{2}}{4} L = \frac{\pi (0.38)^{2}}{4} (3) = 0.340 \, \text{m}^{3} \tag{56}\]

and at an ullage pressure of 3.1 megapascals, which must exceed the 2.16 megapascal chamber pressure by the injector and line losses,

\[m_{\text{tank}} = 2 \times \frac{2800}{2 \times 10^{8}} \times (3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.340) = 29.5 \, \text{kg} \tag{57}\]

against a propellant load in that tank of roughly 400 kilogrammes, so the tank is about 7 percent of what it holds. The relation is the standard pressure-vessel result given in Huzel and Huang 1992 Design of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines and Timoshenko and Gere 1961 Theory of Elastic Stability. A turbopump would reduce that to perhaps 2 percent, and on this argument it would cost more than the entire vehicle. Krebs and Hart 1959 analyse the starting dynamics that a pumped system must survive and a pressure-fed one need not. For a launch vehicle flown hundreds of times the pump wins. For a vehicle thrown away after 45 seconds it does not, and no other design decision in the series is so clearly correct only because of how the vehicle is used.

The pressurant itself is not free. A gas of molecular mass $M_g$ expanded from a storage bottle to fill a volume $V$ at pressure $p$ carries a mass

\[m_{\text{gas}} = \frac{p V M_g}{Z R_u T} \tag{58}\]

with $Z$ the compressibility factor. For helium at 3.1 megapascals filling 0.34 cubic metres at 300 kelvin,

\[m_{\text{gas}} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.34)(4.003 \times 10^{-3})}{(1)(8.314)(300)} = 1.69 \, \text{kg} \tag{59}\]

whereas the same job done with air, of molecular mass 29 grammes per mole, requires

\[m_{\text{air}} = 1.69 \times \frac{29}{4.003} = 12.2 \, \text{kg} \tag{60}\]

Helium saves 10.5 kilogrammes of gas in each tank, and the earliest Aerobees used compressed air while the vehicles from 1950 onward used helium [Wade]. According to Parsch, the change from the XASR-1 to the XASR-2 was this substitution.

Chemical pressurisation, in which a small gas generator supplies hot gas, saves more still, since the mass scales as $1/T$. Aerojet developed it for both thrust levels and generally preferred helium anyway, by its own account in Wade, a reminder that mass is not the only currency. Chemical pressurisation adds a device that must work, and Lee and Evans 1963 report its development for this application. Nein and Thompson 1966b reduce the general sizing problem to dimensionless groups so that a pressurisation system can be scaled rather than redesigned. The pressurant’s physical properties are given in Helium.

From Apogee to Mass Ratio

The velocity required at burnout follows from the reported apogee. Treating the coast as drag-free with gravity varying slowly,

\[v_b = \sqrt{2 \bar{g} \left( h_a - h_b \right)} \tag{61}\]

with $\bar{g}$ the mean gravitational acceleration over the arc, which for 31.5 to 116 kilometres is about 9.6 metres per second squared,

\[v_b = \sqrt{2 (9.6) \left( 116 - 31.5 \right) \times 10^{3}} = \sqrt{1.622 \times 10^{6}} = 1274 \, \text{m/s} \tag{62}\]

against the reported burnout velocity of 1,347 metres per second. The reported figure is 5.7 percent higher, the drag the coast analysis omits, and the sign is correct.

The velocity increment the propulsion must supply exceeds this by the gravity and drag losses accumulated during the burn. Gravity loss for near-vertical flight is

\[\Delta v_g = \int_0^{t_b} g \cos \gamma \, \mathrm{d}t \approx \bar{g} \, t_b \tag{63}\]

with $\gamma$ the angle between the velocity vector and the vertical, which for a tower canted three degrees stays small. Over a 42.5 second burn at a mean $g$ of 9.75,

\[\Delta v_g = (9.75)(42.5) = 414 \, \text{m/s} \tag{64}\]

Gravity loss is 31 percent of the useful burnout velocity, so a sounding rocket burns hard and briefly rather than gently and long. Drag loss over the same interval is taken here as roughly 130 metres per second, inside the range of 60 to 150 that the drag section estimates, so the ideal velocity increment required is

\[\Delta v_{\text{ideal}} = 1347 + 414 + 130 = 1891 \, \text{m/s} \tag{65}\]

Whether the Published Figures Close

The published parameter set can now be tested, and the test needs care because a naive version of it fails.

Treating the vehicle as a single stage, the total impulse available is

\[I_{\text{tot}} = F_b t_b + F_s t_s = (80.1)(2.5) + (11.6)(40) = 200 + 464 = 664 \, \text{kN} \cdot \text{s} \tag{66}\]

and at an effective exhaust velocity of 1,962 metres per second this corresponds to a propellant mass of

\[m_p = \frac{I_{\text{tot}}}{c} = \frac{6.64 \times 10^{5}}{1962} = 338 \, \text{kg} \tag{67}\]

Taking a booster inert mass of 150 kilogrammes, the single-stage mass ratio is

\[R = \frac{745}{745 - 338 - 150} = \frac{745}{257} = 2.90 \tag{68}\]

giving $\Delta v_{\text{ideal}} = 1962 \ln 2.90 = 2088$ metres per second, which exceeds the 1,891 required. The figures close, but only because the booster mass is jettisoned, and treating the vehicle as a single stage without that jettison gives a mass ratio of $745/407 = 1.83$ and an increment of 1,185 metres per second, which fails by a wide margin.

Doing the staging properly gives a sharper check. The booster consumes, at a solid effective exhaust velocity of 2,060 metres per second,

\[m_{p,b} = \frac{2.00 \times 10^{5}}{2060} = 97 \, \text{kg} \tag{69}\]

so during the 2.5 second boost the mass falls from 745 to 648 kilogrammes and the increment is

\[\Delta v_1 = \frac{F_b}{\dot{m}_b} \ln \frac{745}{648} = \frac{80100}{38.8} \ln (1.150) = (2064)(0.1395) = 288 \, \text{m/s} \tag{70}\]

less a gravity loss of 24 metres per second, leaving 264 metres per second at booster separation. Jettisoning 150 kilogrammes of spent booster leaves a sustainer stage of 498 kilogrammes, and this figure is an independent confirmation, because the sustainer stage mass is separately reported in Aerojet General X-8 as approximately 1,100 pounds, which is 499 kilogrammes.

The sustainer then burns, at 11.6 kilonewtons for 40 seconds and the same exhaust velocity, 236.5 kilogrammes of propellant, leaving 261.5 kilogrammes at burnout and giving

\[\Delta v_2 = 1962 \ln \frac{498}{261.5} = (1962)(0.644) = 1264 \, \text{m/s} \tag{71}\]

less a gravity loss of $(9.75)(40) = 390$ metres per second, so the burnout velocity is

\[v_b = 264 + 1264 - 390 - \Delta v_{\text{drag}} = 1138 - \Delta v_{\text{drag}} \tag{72}\]

Against the reported 1,347 metres per second this leaves no velocity for drag at all, and the reconstruction falls 209 metres per second short before any drag is counted. The staged reconstruction does not reproduce the reported burnout velocity at a 40 second burn, which means one or more of the assumed values is off. The candidates are the booster inert mass, which is assumed rather than reported, the sustainer burn time, which Aerojet General X-8 gives as up to 40 seconds for this engine while Parsch gives 45 seconds for the XASR-1 and Parsch 2004a 51.5 seconds for the later AJ11 sustainer, and the specific impulse, which is inferred rather than measured. The burn time alone can carry the discrepancy. At 51.5 seconds the same reconstruction gives 1,616 metres per second less drag, and with a drag loss between 60 and 150 metres per second it reaches the reported figure at a burn between 47 and 49 seconds, which lies between the published 45 and 51.5 seconds. The discrepancy stands, and the Epistemic State carries it forward.

The 143-Foot Launch Tower

An unguided fin-stabilised rocket is stable only when the fins are working, and the fins are working only when the dynamic pressure is high enough to generate a restoring moment against the disturbances acting on it. At rest there is no restoring moment at all. The tower exists to hold the attitude across the interval in which the vehicle has left the ground and the aerodynamics have not yet taken over.

The exit velocity from a tower of length $L$ under a constant net acceleration $a$ is

\[v_e = \sqrt{2 a L} \tag{73}\]

and the net acceleration during boost, with the booster thrust acting on the full liftoff mass against gravity, is

\[a = \frac{F_b + F_s}{m_0} - g = \frac{80.1 \times 10^{3} + 11.6 \times 10^{3}}{745} - 9.81 = 123.1 - 9.8 = 113.3 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{74}\]

which is 11.5 times gravity. The tower from which the X-8 normally flew at Holloman is reported by Mattson and Tagg 1995 as 143 feet, which is 43.6 metres, giving

\[v_e = \sqrt{2 (113.3)(43.6)} = \sqrt{9880} = 99.4 \, \text{m/s} \tag{75}\]

and a time on the tower of

\[t_e = \frac{v_e}{a} = \frac{99.4}{113.3} = 0.88 \, \text{s} \tag{76}\]

The tower does its work in under a second. Launcher design for this class of vehicle is set out in Groteluschen 1967, and the tower installations are described for the mobile case by Busse 1966 and for a fixed high-latitude site by Tarzwell 1970. Lee and Wilms 1961 model the launcher as a flexible structure carrying a departing vehicle, and those dynamics set the tip-off rate this analysis assumes away. Whether 99 metres per second is enough follows from the weathercock angle a crosswind induces. A vehicle moving at $v_e$ through a crosswind $w$ experiences an angle of attack

\[\alpha_w = \arctan \frac{w}{v_e} \tag{77}\]

which for a ten metre per second crosswind gives

\[\alpha_w = \arctan \frac{10}{99.4} = 5.7^{\circ} \tag{78}\]

That is tolerable. The same crosswind against a rail launcher releasing at 30 metres per second gives 18.4 degrees, which is not. The Aerobee therefore needed a tower, and the later solid-boosted vehicles did not. Parsch names the large launch tower as the Aerobee’s chief drawback and the reason solid rockets displaced it at remote sites.

The restoring moment available at tower exit can be checked directly. Taking the normal-force curve slope $C_{N\alpha}$ of the body and three fins together as 12 per radian, a reference area $S$ of $\pi (0.19)^{2} = 0.1134$ square metres, a static margin $x_{cp} - x_{cg}$ of 1.5 calibres, which is 0.57 metres, and a pitch moment of inertia $I_y$ of 3,000 kilogramme square metres for a 7.9 metre vehicle, the aerodynamic restoring stiffness is

\[M_{\alpha} = q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right) \tag{79}\]

with the dynamic pressure at tower exit at the 1,200 metre elevation of the range, where the density is 1.06 kilogrammes per cubic metre,

\[q = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho v_e^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2} (1.06)(99.4)^{2} = 5237 \, \text{Pa} \tag{80}\] \[M_{\alpha} = (5237)(0.1134)(12)(0.57) = 4061 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m/rad} \tag{81}\]

giving a pitch natural frequency of

\[\omega_n = \sqrt{\frac{M_{\alpha}}{I_y}} = \sqrt{\frac{4061}{3000}} = 1.16 \, \text{rad/s} \tag{82}\]

and a period of 5.4 seconds. That frequency is the natural frequency of a second-order system, and writing the system down shows what else it contains. For small angles the pitch motion obeys

\[I_y \ddot{\alpha} + \left( \frac{q S \, C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)^{2}}{v} \right) \dot{\alpha} + q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right) \alpha = 0 \tag{83}\]

in which the middle term is the aerodynamic damping produced by the fins meeting the flow at the extra angle a pitch rate induces. Written in standard form,

\[\ddot{\alpha} + 2 \zeta \omega_n \dot{\alpha} + \omega_n^{2} \alpha = 0, \qquad \zeta = \frac{M_q}{2 \sqrt{M_{\alpha} I_y}} \tag{84}\]

with the damping coefficient

\[M_q = \frac{q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)^{2}}{v} = \frac{(5237)(0.1134)(12)(0.57)^{2}}{99.4} = 23.3 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m} \cdot \text{s/rad} \tag{85}\]

so at tower exit

\[\zeta = \frac{23.3}{2\sqrt{(4061)(3000)}} = 0.0033 \tag{86}\]

The vehicle is damped to a third of one percent of critical. The number of cycles required to halve an oscillation is

\[N_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{2 \pi \zeta} = \frac{0.693}{2\pi (0.0033)} = 33 \tag{87}\]

which at a 5.4 second period is about three minutes, longer than the powered flight. An unguided finned rocket does not damp its pitch oscillation aerodynamically in any useful sense. What suppresses the motion is the rising dynamic pressure, which raises $\omega_n$ and shrinks the amplitude an initial disturbance corresponds to, together with the averaging effect of roll. The damping ratio itself gets worse with altitude, since $M_q$ scales as $\rho v$ while $\sqrt{M_{\alpha} I_y}$ scales as $v \sqrt{\rho}$, so

\[\zeta \propto \sqrt{\rho} \tag{88}\]

The vehicle leaving the tower has a pitch period six times longer than the time it spent on the tower. The tower does not make it stable. It holds the attitude until the restoring moment is merely nonzero, after which the acceleration does the rest, since the dynamic pressure at 300 metres per second is nine times higher and the frequency three times higher.

Static Margin and Where the Fins Must Go

The static margin above was assumed. It is set by the fins, and the relation that sets it was worked out for finned rockets of this kind. The centre of pressure of the whole vehicle is the normal-force-weighted mean of the contributions of the nose, body, and fins,

\[x_{cp} = \frac{\sum_i C_{N\alpha,i} \, x_i}{\sum_i C_{N\alpha,i}} \tag{89}\]

For a slender body at small angle of attack the nose contributes, by slender-body theory, a normal-force slope of 2 per radian referenced to the base area, acting at roughly two thirds of the nose length. A cylindrical body contributes almost nothing in potential flow. A set of fins of exposed semi-span $s$ on a body of radius $r$ contributes

\[C_{N\alpha,\text{fin}} = \frac{4 n \left( s / d \right)^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \left( \frac{2 \ell}{c_r + c_t} \right)^{2}}} \cdot K_{fb} \tag{90}\]

with $n$ the number of fins, $\ell$ the mid-chord sweep length, $c_r$ and $c_t$ the root and tip chords, and $K_{fb}$ the fin-body interference factor

\[K_{fb} = 1 + \frac{r}{s + r} \tag{91}\]

For the X-8, with three fins, as Mattson and Tagg 1995 describe it, and a fin span of 1.6 metres across a 0.38 metre body, the exposed semi-span is $s = (1.6 - 0.38)/2 = 0.61$ metres, so

\[K_{fb} = 1 + \frac{0.19}{0.61 + 0.19} = 1.24 \tag{92}\]

and taking a root chord of 0.9 metres, a tip chord of 0.4 metres, and a mid-chord sweep length of 0.5 metres,

\[C_{N\alpha,\text{fin}} = \frac{4 (3) \left( 0.61 / 0.38 \right)^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \left( \frac{1.0}{1.3} \right)^{2}}} (1.24) = \frac{30.9}{2.262} (1.24) = 17.0 \tag{93}\]

which with the nose contribution of 2 gives a total near 19 per radian referenced to base area, or roughly half that at the low supersonic Mach numbers where compressibility reduces the fin effectiveness. The value of 12 per radian assumed in the tower calculation therefore lies between the low-speed figure and the supersonic one, and the low-speed value is about half again as large. The dependence matters because it means the vehicle becomes relatively less stable as it accelerates, which is the opposite of the intuition that speed helps.

The sign of the static margin decides whether the vehicle flies at all. If the centre of pressure moves ahead of the centre of gravity the restoring stiffness reverses sign, the characteristic roots become real and of opposite sign, and the angle of attack grows exponentially with time constant

\[\tau_{\text{div}} = \sqrt{\frac{I_y}{\left| M_{\alpha} \right|}} \tag{94}\]

For the values above that is

\[\tau_{\text{div}} = \sqrt{\frac{3000}{4061}} = 0.86 \, \text{s} \tag{95}\]

A statically unstable vehicle of this size departs in under a second and is unrecoverable in three. The first complete Aerobee was terminated 35 seconds into flight with the tail yawing, which is forty time constants, so whatever went wrong was not a static divergence of this kind, and Fraser 1985 traces the deviation to a jet condition in the booster nozzle. The centre of pressure sits close to the fins, since they dominate the sum, and the centre of gravity moves forward as propellant is consumed from tanks that straddle it. The static margin therefore changes throughout the burn, and the requirement is that it stay positive and bounded at every instant rather than at any single one. This formulation follows Barrowman 1967 for finned vehicles, and Barrowman 1982 gives his later treatment aimed specifically at this vehicle class. It takes textbook form in Nielsen 1960 Missile Aerodynamics and Anderson 2001 Fundamentals of Aerodynamics. The free-flight rocket-model technique that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, abbreviated NACA, developed in this period, and that Stone and Sandahl 1951 and Gillis and Mitchell 1957 describe, was the standard means of measuring these coefficients before wind tunnels reached the relevant Mach numbers, with the fin-configuration measurements of Keynton 1961, Jaquet 1961, and Robinson 1961 filling in the cases the theory did not cover. Thick-wedge fins with swept leading edges, the Aerobee planform, were measured directly by Yuska 1966, and Trescot et al. 1973 examine the effect of planform on a wingless missile of the same general shape. Moore 1972 provides the body contribution that the fin terms are added to, across the full speed range this vehicle passes through.

Dispersion Without Guidance

The X-8 has no guidance. Where it lands is determined entirely by where it was pointed, what the wind did, and how well the vehicle was built, and the resulting scatter is the constraint that decides whether the vehicle can be flown at all, because a range must contain it.

Three sources dominate. The first is the launcher setting itself, since an elevation error $\delta\theta$ on a ballistic trajectory of range $X$ produces a range error

\[\Delta X = \frac{\partial X}{\partial \theta} \delta \theta = \frac{2 v_b^{2} \cos 2\theta}{g} \delta \theta \tag{96}\]

which for a nearly vertical launch is small in range and large in azimuth sensitivity, the opposite of an artillery problem.

The second is thrust misalignment. A lateral thrust component arising from a nozzle angular misalignment $\epsilon$ imparts a lateral acceleration $F\epsilon/m$ throughout the burn. Without roll this accumulates directly,

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \int_0^{t_b} \frac{F \epsilon}{m} \, \mathrm{d}t \approx \epsilon \, \Delta v \tag{97}\]

so a misalignment of one milliradian against an ideal increment of 1,900 metres per second gives 1.9 metres per second of lateral velocity, which over a 400 second flight is 760 metres of impact displacement. A tenth of a degree of nozzle misalignment moves the impact point by more than a kilometre.

The third is wind. A statically stable rocket weathercocks into the relative wind, so a wind layer of speed $w$ encountered while the vehicle is still slow turns the velocity vector rather than merely displacing it, and the resulting dispersion is far larger than the wind speed alone suggests. The correction, called wind weighting, computes a launcher setting that cancels the integrated effect of the measured wind profile. The effect can be derived in a few lines. A statically stable vehicle holds its axis along the relative wind, so every increment of speed it gains is added along an axis tilted by $w/v$ from the vertical. Integrating that tilt over the burn gives a lateral velocity

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \int_{v_e}^{v_b} \frac{w}{v} \, \mathrm{d}v = w \ln \frac{v_b}{v_e} \tag{98}\]

for a wind constant with altitude, and a ballistic range displacement of

\[\Delta X = \frac{2 v_b \Delta v_{\perp}}{g} \tag{99}\]

For a ten metre per second wind acting from tower exit at 99 metres per second to burnout at 1,347,

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = 10 \ln \frac{1347}{99.4} = 26 \, \text{m/s}, \qquad \Delta X = \frac{2 (1347)(26)}{9.81} = 7.1 \, \text{km} \tag{100}\]

A ten metre per second wind moves the impact point seven kilometres. That displacement justifies wind weighting, an adjustable tower, and launch sites where seven kilometres of error is survivable. The logarithm makes the low-altitude wind dominant, since most of the ratio $v_b / v_e$ is accumulated while the vehicle is still slow and still low. The weighting function is the sensitivity of the impact point to a wind at each altitude, and the required launcher offset is

\[\Delta \theta_{\text{launch}} = - \sum_j W_j \, w_j \, \Delta h_j \tag{101}\]

with $W_j$ the unit wind effect at layer $j$. This is why the tower was adjustable in both elevation and azimuth [Aerobee], and why, by the account of Mattson and Tagg 1995, it was normally set at 87 degrees, three degrees from vertical, before the wind correction was even applied. The technique matured into the iterative schemes of Duncan and Engebos 1969 and Duncan and Engebos 1970, the nonlinear treatment of Wilson 1970, and the wind-weighting method of Bernhard 1967. Thurston 1965 treats accuracy and dispersion for unguided rockets generally, and Boersma et al. 1970 compare guided and unguided sounding-rocket dispersion directly, quantifying what guidance would have bought. The variability of the wind itself, which bounds how well any weighting scheme can work no matter how good the arithmetic, is measured by Armendariz et al. 1963, and Rachele and Armendariz 1967 take up the sampling problem that follows. The trajectory codes of the period that carried these corrections are documented in Dayton 1963 and Kopp and Nielsen 1963.

The total dispersion combines in quadrature when the sources are independent,

\[\sigma_{X}^{2} = \sigma_{\text{aim}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{thrust}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{wind}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{sep}}^{2} \tag{102}\]

and the range safety requirement is that the containment ellipse at some multiple of $\sigma$ lie inside the impact area. The multiple needed is not the one-dimensional intuition suggests, because the impact point scatters in two dimensions. For circular bivariate normal errors the probability of landing inside radius $R$ is the Rayleigh distribution,

\[P(R) = 1 - \exp \left( -\frac{R^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}} \right) \tag{103}\]

which at three standard deviations gives

\[P(3\sigma) = 1 - e^{-4.5} = 0.989 \tag{104}\]

not the 0.997 the one-dimensional figure would suggest, and reaching 0.997 in two dimensions requires

\[R = \sigma \sqrt{-2 \ln (1 - 0.997)} = 3.41 \, \sigma \tag{105}\]

For a dispersion of two kilometres that is a required radius of 6.8 kilometres rather than 6, which at White Sands and Holloman was available and at most other places was not. The X-8’s dispersion is the reason it flew from deserts. The sensitivity coefficients derive from the flight-mechanics formulation of Regan and Anandakrishnan 1993 Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry and Vinh Busemann and Culp 1980 Hypersonic and Planetary Entry Flight Mechanics, and the range-safety practice that grew out of it is discussed in Knothe 1970. Groteluschen 1967 sets out the design criteria for remote-site launchers, and McGarvey 1976 treats dispersion samples statistically, including the small-sample case that a programme of sixty flights faces.

The Roll That Averages the Error

The thrust misalignment term above assumed the misalignment stayed fixed in inertial space. It does not, if the vehicle rolls.

A lateral thrust component fixed in the body frame rotates with the vehicle, so its inertial direction sweeps through a full circle each revolution and its integrated effect largely cancels. Over a burn of duration $t_b$ at roll rate $p$, the residual lateral velocity from a body-fixed lateral acceleration $a_{\perp}$ is

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \frac{2 a_{\perp}}{p} \left| \sin \frac{p t_b}{2} \right| \le \frac{2 a_{\perp}}{p} \tag{106}\]

so the accumulated error falls as the inverse of the roll rate rather than growing with burn time. Roll converts a systematic error into a bounded one. Ten revolutions during the burn reduce the misalignment dispersion by roughly a factor of thirty compared to no roll at all.

Roll is produced by canting the fins. A fin cant angle $\delta$ generates a rolling moment that is opposed by the roll damping of the same fins, and the steady-state roll rate follows from setting the two equal,

\[p_{ss} = \frac{2 v}{d} \cdot \frac{C_{l\delta} \, \delta}{-C_{lp}} \tag{107}\]

in which $C_{l\delta}$ is the roll moment per unit cant, $C_{lp}$ the roll damping derivative, and $d$ the reference diameter. Both derivatives come from the same fin geometry, so their ratio is close to unity and

\[p_{ss} \approx \frac{2 v \delta}{d} \tag{108}\]

For a half-degree cant, which is 0.00873 radians, at 300 metres per second,

\[p_{ss} = \frac{2 (300)(0.00873)}{0.38} = 13.8 \, \text{rad/s} \tag{109}\]

which is 2.2 revolutions per second. Hawks 1965 works out the theory of the rolling motion of two sounding rockets of this generation, and Bush 1967 describes the mechanism for removing roll before an experiment needs a steady attitude. The roll damping derivative was measured for this class of vehicle by the NACA free-flight technique of Edmondson and Sanders 1949, with the systematic collections of Stone 1953, Data Collection and Stone 1957, Revised Collection and the further measurements of Sanders and Edmondson 1951, Hopko 1951, Bland and Purser 1953, and Chubb 1952. Stone and Sandahl 1951 compare measurement techniques for the same derivative, and Wineman 1951 studies the jet-vane alternative to fins, which the Aerobee did not adopt.

Roll Resonance

Roll solves the misalignment problem and creates a worse one, and the mechanism is the most serious dynamic hazard an unguided finned rocket faces.

The pitch and yaw motions of a rolling vehicle are coupled. A disturbance fixed in the body frame forces the pitch mode once per revolution, and when the roll rate approaches the pitch natural frequency the forcing becomes resonant and the angle of attack grows rather than oscillating about zero. The amplitude at resonance is limited only by damping and by nonlinearity, and the consequences are structural failure or a trajectory that misses the intended altitude by a wide margin.

Whether the vehicle passes through resonance is determined by how the two frequencies scale with flight condition, and the result is not intuitive. The roll rate from canted fins is proportional to velocity,

\[p_{ss} \propto v \tag{110}\]

while the pitch natural frequency depends on the dynamic pressure and therefore on velocity and density,

\[\omega_n = \sqrt{\frac{q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)}{I_y}} = v \sqrt{\frac{\rho S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)}{2 I_y}} \tag{111}\]

Both are linear in velocity, so velocity cancels from the ratio and

\[\frac{p_{ss}}{\omega_n} \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\rho}} \tag{112}\]

The ratio depends only on density, and density falls monotonically with altitude. A vehicle that starts below resonance therefore crosses it at a definite altitude regardless of how fast it is going, and no amount of thrust avoids the crossing. Setting the ratio to unity gives the critical density

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \delta}{d} \right)^{2} \frac{2 I_y}{S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)} \tag{113}\]

and with the values used above, a cant of half a degree, and a $C_{N\alpha}$ of 12 per radian,

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \times 0.00873}{0.38} \right)^{2} \frac{2 (3000)}{(0.1134)(12)(0.57)} = \left( 0.0459 \right)^{2} (7735) = 16.3 \, \text{kg/m}^{3} \tag{114}\]

which exceeds sea-level density, meaning that with a half-degree cant this vehicle is above resonance from the moment it leaves the tower and never crosses it. Reducing the cant to a tenth of a degree, which is 0.00175 radians, gives

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \times 0.00175}{0.38} \right)^{2} (7735) = \left( 9.21 \times 10^{-3} \right)^{2}(7735) = 0.656 \, \text{kg/m}^{3} \tag{115}\]

which occurs near 6 kilometres altitude, squarely inside the sustainer burn. The design is therefore forced to either a very small cant with a resonance crossing low in the flight, or a large cant that stays above resonance throughout, and the second is only safe if the roll rate never decays. The Aerobee family kept encountering this trade as the vehicles grew. Busse and Kraft 1966 treat structural and aerodynamic pitch coupling in the Aerobee 150 and Lawrence 1965 treats the pitch-roll coupling region of the Aerobee 350 explicitly. Platus 1967 gives the analysis in its simplest form for a reentry body, and Wilke 1967 treats a spinning vehicle leaving the atmosphere, where the aerodynamic restoring moment vanishes while the roll rate does not. Jacobson and Morton 1972 identify the boundary-layer asymmetry that can drive the motion on a yawed spinning body. Clare 1971 gives the general resonance-instability condition for finned configurations with nonlinear aerodynamics, and Buglia et al. 1961 give the analytical treatment of a spinning vehicle with varying mass, which is the case during a burn. Price and Woods 1968 give the general dynamic-stability study for sounding rockets, Lane and Redman 1970 the six-degree-of-freedom postflight reconstruction method, and Kryvoruka and Ashurst 1974 the reentry-body case with the same coupling. The coupled motion receives its textbook treatment in Etkin and Reid 1996 Dynamics of Flight, Stability and Control.

Fin Ejection and the Descent

The X-8 recovers its nose cone by parachute, and the sequence contains an unusual step. As the vehicle falls back through roughly 61 kilometres the fins are blown off deliberately, so that the body tumbles instead of falling nose first, a sequence Mattson and Tagg 1995 describe. The reason is quantitative. It marks the difference between a recoverable payload and a crater.

The descent speed of a body falling through an atmosphere is governed by its ballistic coefficient, the ratio of mass to drag area,

\[\beta = \frac{m}{C_D A} \tag{116}\]

A stable finned body at supersonic speed has a drag coefficient near 0.25 on a frontal area of 0.1134 square metres, so for a 261.5 kilogramme burnout mass

\[\beta_{\text{stable}} = \frac{261.5}{(0.25)(0.1134)} = 9220 \, \text{kg/m}^{2} \tag{117}\]

A tumbling cylinder presents a mean projected area between its frontal area and its full side profile of $7.9 \times 0.38 = 3.0$ square metres, with a mean of roughly 1.5 square metres, at a drag coefficient near 1.2, giving

\[\beta_{\text{tumble}} = \frac{261.5}{(1.2)(1.5)} = 145 \, \text{kg/m}^{2} \tag{118}\]

a reduction of a factor of 63. Since the terminal velocity at any density scales as the square root of the ballistic coefficient,

\[v_t = \sqrt{\frac{2 \beta g}{\rho}} \tag{119}\]

the tumbling body descends about $\sqrt{63} = 7.9$ times more slowly, and the dynamic pressure at parachute deployment is lower by the full factor of 63. Blowing the fins off reduces the parachute opening load by a factor of sixty. That factor explains why a 1949 vehicle used a technique that looks like damage.

The parachute itself follows from the landing speed. For a nose cone of 100 kilogrammes descending at 8 metres per second at the 1,200 metre range elevation where the density is 1.06 kilogrammes per cubic metre, the value used for tower exit,

\[A_c = \frac{2 m g}{\rho C_D v_t^{2}} = \frac{2 (100)(9.81)}{(1.06)(1.4)(64)} = 20.7 \, \text{m}^{2} \tag{120}\]

which is a canopy of diameter

\[D_c = \sqrt{\frac{4 A_c}{\pi}} = 5.1 \, \text{m} \tag{121}\]

The opening load is the product of the dynamic pressure at deployment and the inflated drag area, multiplied by an opening-shock factor $C_x$ that accounts for the canopy filling faster than the payload can decelerate,

\[F_{\text{open}} = C_x \, q_d \, C_D A_c \tag{122}\]

At a deployment altitude of 6 kilometres, where the density is 0.66 kilogrammes per cubic metre, and a speed of 100 metres per second, the steady drag alone is

\[q_d C_D A_c = \tfrac{1}{2}(0.66)(100)^{2}(1.4)(20.7) = 95.6 \, \text{kN} \tag{123}\]

which on a 100 kilogramme payload is 97 times gravity before any opening-shock factor is applied. That load destroys the instrument, which is why the tumbling phase must bleed the speed first and why the deployment happens low, at about 6 kilometres. Deploying at the same speed at 30 kilometres, where the density is 0.018, would give only 2.6 kilonewtons, but the body would not have slowed to 100 metres per second there in the first place. The ballistic descent, in which a body of fixed ballistic coefficient decelerates in an exponential atmosphere, is the problem Eggers and Wong 1961 set out for entry vehicles and which applies unchanged to a nose cone returning from 116 kilometres. The design relations used here are those of Knacke 1992 Parachute Recovery Systems Design Manual, with the dynamics and stability treatment of Ibrahim and Engdahl 1974. Downing et al. 1956 describe period recovery practice, and the deployment-altitude measurement that this analysis turns on was made by telemetry in Smollett 1955. The recovery pack went through repeated modification, recorded by Flynn and Groves 1964, and McGarvey 1973 considers the alternative of controlling the descent attitude by shifting the centre of gravity rather than by jettisoning fins. Flores 1986 gives a later mechanism for the same problem, and Aerobee 350 recovery system Final project report documents the recovery system of the largest family member. The general behaviour of a decelerating body under a canopy is surveyed in Parachute.

The Data Return Argument

The last requirement is that the numbers survive. There are two routes and the choice between them is decided by a single comparison.

A radio link delivers information at a rate bounded by the Shannon and Hartley capacity, which for a bandwidth $B$ and a signal-to-noise ratio $S/N$ is

\[C = B \log_2 \left( 1 + \frac{S}{N} \right) \tag{124}\]

The signal-to-noise ratio follows from the link budget. The received power for a transmitter of power $P_t$ and gain $G_t$ at range $R$ with a receiving antenna of gain $G_r$ is

\[P_r = \frac{P_t G_t G_r \lambda^{2}}{\left( 4 \pi R \right)^{2}} \tag{125}\]

At 250 megahertz the wavelength is 1.2 metres, and at a slant range of 200 kilometres the free-space path term is

\[\left( \frac{\lambda}{4 \pi R} \right)^{2} = \left( \frac{1.2}{4\pi \times 2 \times 10^{5}} \right)^{2} = 2.28 \times 10^{-13} \tag{126}\]

which is $-126.4$ decibels. With a two watt transmitter, which is 3 decibels relative to a watt, an omnidirectional vehicle antenna at 0 decibels of gain, and a 10 decibel ground antenna,

\[P_r = 3 + 0 + 10 - 126.4 = -113.4 \, \text{dBW} \tag{127}\]

The thermal noise in a bandwidth $B$ at system temperature $T_s$ is $N = k T_s B$, which for 100 kilohertz at 1,000 kelvin is

\[N = (1.38 \times 10^{-23})(1000)(10^{5}) = 1.38 \times 10^{-15} \, \text{W} = -148.6 \, \text{dBW} \tag{128}\]

giving a signal-to-noise ratio of 35.2 decibels, which is a power ratio of 3,300, and a capacity of

\[C = (10^{5}) \log_2 (3301) = (10^{5})(11.7) = 1.17 \, \text{Mbit/s} \tag{129}\]

The USAF-6 flight carried a six-channel pulse-position modulated system. Commutating six channels at 100 frames per second at seven bits of resolution yields

\[C_{\text{used}} = (6)(100)(7) = 4.2 \, \text{kbit/s} \tag{130}\]

which is 0.36 percent of what the link could have carried. The gap is not incompetence. It is the state of the art in modulation and in airborne electronics in 1949, and it explains why the recovery of physical media mattered so much.

The comparison that decides the architecture is with photographic film. A 35 millimetre frame resolving 50 line pairs per millimetre carries roughly

\[N_{\text{px}} = (24)(36)(100)^{2} = 8.64 \times 10^{6} \, \text{pixels} \tag{131}\]

and at six bits of usable density range this is $5.2 \times 10^{7}$ bits per frame. Transmitting one frame over the available telemetry would take

\[t = \frac{5.2 \times 10^{7}}{4.2 \times 10^{3}} = 1.24 \times 10^{4} \, \text{s} = 3.4 \, \text{hours} \tag{132}\]

The bound comes from Shannon 1948, with the treatments of Cover and Thomas 2006 Elements of Information Theory and Sklar 2001 Digital Communications, Fundamentals and Applications, and the modulation scheme the vehicle used is Pulse-Position Modulation. The ballistic flight lasts about eight minutes, although Mattson and Tagg 1995 report that the first Air Force flight was airborne for fifteen minutes in all including its descent. A single photographic frame therefore contains about twenty-five times more information than the entire telemetry budget of an eight-minute flight, and spectrographs, nuclear emulsions, and cameras are consequently not telemeterable at all. They must come back physically or they are lost.

The recovery failures on the first five Air Force flights were therefore catastrophic for the data. No other passage in this article illustrates as sharply the difference between a vehicle that is its own experiment and a vehicle that is carrying somebody else’s. Rocket instrumentation practice of the following decade is described by Anderson 1972, and the tracking and telemetry ground segment by Hudgins and Lease 1969.

Dependent Systems

Tanks as Structure

The vehicle has no separate airframe. Aerojet’s account, quoted by Wade, is explicit that the in-line oxidiser, fuel, and pressurant tanks constitute the main vehicle structure, which means the pressure vessel and the load path are the same aluminium.

This is efficient and it constrains the design. A thin-walled cylinder of radius $r$ and wall thickness $t$ under internal pressure $p$ carries a hoop stress

\[\sigma_{\theta} = \frac{p r}{t} \tag{133}\]

and an axial stress half as large. The same cylinder under an axial compressive load $P$ from thrust and inertia carries

\[\sigma_{x,\text{comp}} = \frac{P}{2 \pi r t} \tag{134}\]

and buckles when that reaches the classical critical stress

\[\sigma_{cr} = \frac{E t}{r \sqrt{3 \left( 1 - \nu^{2} \right)}} \tag{135}\]

For aluminium with a Young’s modulus $E$ of 70 gigapascals and a Poisson ratio $\nu$ of 0.33, a radius of 0.19 metres, and a wall thickness set by the pressure requirement,

\[t = \frac{p r}{\sigma_a} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.19)}{2 \times 10^{8}} = 2.95 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{m} \tag{136}\]

so the critical buckling stress is

\[\sigma_{cr} = \frac{(70 \times 10^{9})(2.95 \times 10^{-3})}{(0.19)\sqrt{3(1 - 0.109)}} = \frac{2.07 \times 10^{8}}{0.311} = 6.6 \times 10^{8} \, \text{Pa} \tag{137}\]

though the classical value is optimistic by a factor of three to five for real shells with imperfections, giving perhaps 150 megapascals in practice, which is the knockdown factor discussed in Timoshenko and Gere 1961 Theory of Elastic Stability and Bruhn 1973 Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures. The axial load at maximum acceleration, with the booster and sustainer both firing on 745 kilogrammes at 11.5 times gravity applied to the mass forward of the joint, is of order

\[P = m_{\text{fwd}} a = (300)(113) = 33.9 \, \text{kN} \tag{138}\] \[\sigma_{x} = \frac{3.39 \times 10^{4}}{2 \pi (0.19)(2.95 \times 10^{-3})} = 9.6 \times 10^{6} \, \text{Pa} \tag{139}\]

which is 10 megapascals against an available 150. The structure is pressure-driven, not load-driven, and the tanks-as-structure arrangement works for that reason. Internal pressure does more than add an increment to the critical stress. It puts the shell into axial tension before any load is applied, since the pressure acting on the closed ends gives

\[\sigma_{x,\text{press}} = \frac{p r}{2 t} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.19)}{2 (2.95 \times 10^{-3})} = 1.0 \times 10^{8} \, \text{Pa} \tag{140}\]

which is 100 megapascals of tension against 10 megapascals of flight compression. The net axial stress is therefore

\[\sigma_{x,\text{net}} = \sigma_{x,\text{press}} - \sigma_{x,\text{comp}} = 100 - 10 = 90 \, \text{MPa} \tag{141}\]

and is tensile everywhere. The interaction between internal pressure and axial buckling that this bypasses is still being computed for cases where the margin is not so generous, including Franzoni et al. 2019 for a pressurised orthotropic cylinder, Li et al. 2021a for ring-stiffened shells, and Mahdy et al. 2024 for the competition between buckling and material failure. The shell never sees net compression while it is pressurised, so buckling is not a failure mode at all. The vehicle is stiffest when it is most heavily loaded and weakest when the tanks are empty, which is after burnout when the loads are gone.

The design does have a failure mode that the arrangement creates. A tank that loses pressure loses structure, so a pressurisation failure is not a performance shortfall but a collapse. The burst-diaphragm hardware that isolates the pressurant until launch is therefore a flight-critical item, and its manufacture and test are documented for the later vehicles by Hungerford and Munford 1966.

Aerodynamic Heating

The X-8 reaches roughly Mach 4.4 at 31.5 kilometres, which is fast enough to matter and slow enough that the material choices are conventional.

The stagnation temperature of the flow is

\[T_0 = T_{\infty} \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma - 1}{2} M^{2} \right) \tag{142}\]

which at 227 kelvin and Mach 4.4 gives

\[T_0 = 227 \left( 1 + 0.2 (19.4) \right) = 227 (4.88) = 1108 \, \text{K} \tag{143}\]

The recovery temperature seen by the surface under a turbulent boundary layer, with a recovery factor $r$ of the cube root of the Prandtl number, which is about 0.89, is

\[T_r = T_{\infty} \left( 1 + r \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M^{2} \right) = 227 \left( 1 + (0.89)(3.88) \right) = 1010 \, \text{K} \tag{144}\]

but the heat load matters more than the temperature, and the heat load is small because the exposure is short. The thermal penetration depth into a solid of thermal diffusivity $\alpha$ over a time $t$ is

\[\delta = \sqrt{\alpha t} \tag{145}\]

For aluminium, with a diffusivity of $9.7 \times 10^{-5}$ square metres per second, over the 40 seconds of high-speed flight,

\[\delta = \sqrt{(9.7 \times 10^{-5})(40)} = 0.062 \, \text{m} \tag{146}\]

which is far thicker than the 3 millimetre skin, so the skin behaves as a lumped thermal mass rather than a semi-infinite solid. Its temperature rise follows from the convective input against its heat capacity,

\[\rho_m c_p t \frac{\mathrm{d}T_w}{\mathrm{d}t} = h \left( T_r - T_w \right) \tag{147}\]

with a time constant

\[\tau = \frac{\rho_m c_p t}{h} \tag{148}\]

For aluminium at 2,800 kilogrammes per cubic metre and 900 joules per kilogramme kelvin, a 3 millimetre wall, and a convective coefficient of 200 watts per square metre kelvin representative of the thin high-altitude boundary layer,

\[\tau = \frac{(2800)(900)(2.95 \times 10^{-3})}{200} = 37 \, \text{s} \tag{149}\]

which is comparable to the flight time, so the skin reaches roughly $1 - e^{-1}$ of the way from its initial temperature toward the recovery temperature, or about 740 kelvin. The lumped model omits radiation, which at that temperature is no longer negligible. A surface of emissivity $\epsilon$ radiates

\[q_{\text{rad}} = \epsilon \sigma_{SB} T_w^{4} \tag{150}\]

which for an oxidised aluminium emissivity of 0.3 at 744 kelvin is

\[q_{\text{rad}} = (0.3)(5.67 \times 10^{-8})(744)^{4} = 5.2 \times 10^{3} \, \text{W/m}^{2} \tag{151}\]

against a convective input of $h(T_r - T_w) = 200(1010-744) = 5.3 \times 10^{4}$ watts per square metre, so radiation removes about a tenth of what convection delivers. Balancing the two gives the steady wall temperature the surface would reach if the flight lasted long enough,

\[h \left( T_r - T_w \right) = \epsilon \sigma_{SB} T_w^{4} \quad \Longrightarrow \quad T_w = 943 \, \text{K} \tag{152}\]

The vehicle never gets there, because the thermal time constant is comparable to the flight time and the flight ends first. The same timing argument recurs throughout this article. The 744 kelvin it does reach is hot enough to soften aluminium, which anneals above about 500 kelvin, and on this estimate the nose cone, not the tank section, needs the thermal design effort. Free-flight skin-temperature measurements on comparable bodies were made in the same period by Rashis and Bond 1961 and at higher Mach numbers by Rumsey and Lee 1958, with skin-friction measurement by Loposer and Rumsey 1954. The relations are those of Anderson 2006 Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics, Bertin 1994 Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics, Incropera and DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer, and Carslaw and Jaeger 1959 Conduction of Heat in Solids.

Drag, and the Loss It Represents

The drag loss assumed in the trajectory reconstruction can also be estimated independently. The instantaneous deceleration from drag is

\[a_D = \frac{q S C_D}{m} = \frac{\rho v^{2} S C_D}{2 m} \tag{153}\]

and the total loss is its integral over the burn. The integral is dominated by the region near maximum dynamic pressure, which occurs where the rate of increase of $v^{2}$ is balanced by the fall of density,

\[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \left( \rho v^{2} \right) = 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad \frac{2 \dot{v}}{v} = \frac{v}{H} \tag{154}\]

so maximum dynamic pressure occurs at

\[v_{q_{\max}} = \sqrt{2 a H} \tag{155}\]

which for an acceleration of 30 metres per second squared, representative of the sustainer phase, and a scale height of 7.6 kilometres gives

\[v_{q_{\max}} = \sqrt{2 (30)(7.6 \times 10^{3})} = 675 \, \text{m/s} \tag{156}\]

reached at an altitude where the density has fallen to about 0.4 kilogrammes per cubic metre, near 9 kilometres. The dynamic pressure there is

\[q_{\max} = \tfrac{1}{2}(0.4)(675)^{2} = 9.1 \times 10^{4} \, \text{Pa} \tag{157}\]

and the deceleration at a supersonic drag coefficient of 0.3 on 400 kilogrammes is

\[a_D = \frac{(9.1 \times 10^{4})(0.1134)(0.3)}{400} = 7.7 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{158}\]

Integrating a triangular approximation over the roughly 20 seconds during which the dynamic pressure is within a factor of two of its peak gives a loss of order

\[\Delta v_{\text{drag}} \approx \tfrac{1}{2}(7.7)(20) \approx 77 \, \text{m/s} \tag{159}\]

with a plausible range of 60 to 150 metres per second depending on the drag coefficient assumed. The trajectory check assumed 130, and the staged reconstruction at a 40 second burn left no velocity for drag at all, so this independent estimate bounds the drag loss without settling which published burn time is right. The drag data for bodies of this class come from the same free-flight programme, including Mitcham et al. 1952 and Bond and Swanson 1953, and the compressible relations are taken from Liepmann and Roshko 1957 Elements of Gasdynamics.

Instrumentation and the Absence of Attitude Control

The X-8 has no attitude control, and Aerojet’s account in Wade gives fixed fins as its only means of directional control. It is stabilised by fins while the air is thick enough for fins to work, and above that it coasts in whatever attitude it held at the end of the aerodynamic phase.

What it does there is not arbitrary. A torque-free axisymmetric body conserves angular momentum, so its symmetry axis sweeps a cone about the fixed momentum vector at a half-angle set by the ratio of transverse to axial momentum,

\[\tan \theta_c = \frac{I_y \omega_t}{I_x p} \tag{160}\]

in which $I_x$ is the roll inertia, $I_y$ the transverse inertia, $p$ the roll rate, and $\omega_t$ the transverse rate left over when the aerodynamic moments vanish. For a slender vehicle the roll inertia is small,

\[I_x \approx \frac{m r^{2}}{2} = \frac{(261.5)(0.19)^{2}}{2} = 4.7 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^{2} \tag{161}\]

against a transverse inertia of order 1,200, so the ratio $I_y / I_x$ is about 250 and even a small residual rate produces a large cone. At a residual transverse rate of 0.1 radians per second and a roll rate of 13.8,

\[\theta_c = \arctan \frac{(1200)(0.1)}{(4.7)(13.8)} = 62^{\circ} \tag{162}\]

A tenth of a radian per second at burnout sweeps the instrument axis around a sixty-degree cone for as long as the observing window lasts. No fact about pointing on an uncontrolled sounding rocket matters more. The cone follows from slenderness, not from poor workmanship, and an instrument that needs to know where it was looking must therefore have its attitude recorded, since the vehicle has no means of commanding it.

Aspect determination uses two independent references. Each sensor returns one scalar, being the cosine of the angle between the vehicle axis $\hat{a}$ and a known direction,

\[\cos \theta_B = \hat{a} \cdot \hat{b}, \qquad \cos \theta_S = \hat{a} \cdot \hat{s} \tag{163}\]

with $\hat{b}$ the local geomagnetic field direction and $\hat{s}$ the direction to the sun. Each constrains the axis to a cone about its reference, and two cones about non-parallel axes intersect in two directions,

\[\hat{a} = \frac{\cos\theta_B - \cos\theta_S \cos\psi}{\sin^{2}\psi} \, \hat{b} + \frac{\cos\theta_S - \cos\theta_B \cos\psi}{\sin^{2}\psi} \, \hat{s} \pm \lambda \left( \hat{b} \times \hat{s} \right) \tag{164}\]

in which $\psi$ is the angle between the two references and $\lambda$ is fixed by requiring $\hat{a}$ to be a unit vector. The sign ambiguity is real and is resolved by continuity with the powered phase rather than by measurement. The two-vector problem has a modern algorithmic literature, since it is what every small spacecraft solves on orbit, and Wu and Shan 2019 and Chebakov et al. 2026 treat it directly while Fialho and Mortari 2019 and Ma et al. 2025 bound what the sensors can deliver. The $\sin^{2}\psi$ in the denominator makes the geometry fragile. The angular resolution of the combination degrades when the two references are nearly parallel, with an error amplification

\[\Delta \Omega = \frac{\Delta \theta_1 \, \Delta \theta_2}{\left| \sin \psi \right|} \tag{165}\]

where $\psi$ is the angle between the sun and the magnetic field. On a flight where the sun and the field happen to align, the aspect solution degenerates, and the launch window is therefore constrained by geometry that has nothing to do with the experiment.

The remedy came later, from the payload community and also from Aerojet, whose corporate history, quoted by Wade, reports a system it developed to point the payload in a selected direction. Solar pointing controls accurate to arc-seconds were developed for Aerobee payloads and are documented by Campbell 1965b and in the gyroless system of Gabris et al. 1967, with the sub-arc-second successor in Gabris et al. 1970, the stellar-tracking system of Greeb and Shrewsberry 1970, and the general treatment of Robbins and Zebrowski 1966. All of these postdate the first X-8 flight by more than fifteen years, and their existence is the strongest evidence that the X-8 era’s science was limited by pointing rather than by altitude. Deters et al. 1966 detail the star-tracker sensor that made the fine systems possible, and Friedman and White 1967 the integrated timing and control electronics of the same generation.

The Solid Booster

The 2.5KS18000 booster delivers 80.1 kilonewtons for 2.5 seconds and is then discarded, figures Parsch 2004a and Parsch both give. Its designation follows the pattern of Aerojet’s solid motors, in which the leading number is the burn time in seconds and the trailing number the thrust in pounds, as in the 15-KS-1000 that produced 1,000 pounds for 15 seconds.

The choice of a solid motor for this job is a straightforward optimisation. The booster’s task is to produce the highest possible acceleration over the shortest possible interval, since the tower must be short and the fins must become effective quickly. The relevant figure of merit is thrust per unit motor mass rather than specific impulse, and a solid motor wins that comparison decisively because it has no feed system at all.

The total impulse required to reach tower-exit velocity plus the fin-effective margin is modest,

\[I_{\text{req}} = m_0 \, \Delta v_{\text{boost}} = (745)(288) = 2.15 \times 10^{5} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{s} \tag{166}\]

against the 2.0 × 10⁵ newton seconds the motor delivers, so the booster is sized almost exactly for this task and for nothing else. Its specific impulse of about 210 seconds is worse than the sustainer’s on a vacuum basis and irrelevant, because it operates for 2.5 seconds at sea level where nothing is efficient.

The grain must burn at a rate that sustains chamber pressure across the full web. The burning rate of a composite propellant follows Vieille’s law,

\[r = a p_c^{n} \tag{167}\]

with $n$ typically between 0.3 and 0.4 for the double-base and composite propellants of the period. Chamber pressure is set by the balance between gas generation and nozzle discharge,

\[p_c = \left( \frac{\rho_p a A_b c^{*}}{A_t} \right)^{\frac{1}{1-n}} \tag{168}\]

in which $A_b$ is the instantaneous burning area and $\rho_p$ the propellant density. The exponent $1/(1-n)$ is the stability criterion, since a value of $n$ approaching unity makes the chamber pressure diverge, so solid propellants are formulated to keep $n$ well below one. For $n = 0.35$ the exponent is 1.54, so a ten percent error in burning area produces a sixteen percent error in chamber pressure and therefore in thrust. The web thickness and the burning area follow from the same balance. The burn time is the web divided by the mean burning rate, and the mass flow is the burning area times the rate times the propellant density,

\[t_b = \frac{w}{\bar{r}}, \qquad \dot{m} = \rho_p A_b r \tag{169}\]

For the booster’s 97 kilogrammes of propellant burned in 2.5 seconds at a rate near 10 millimetres per second and a density of 1,750 kilogrammes per cubic metre,

\[w = \bar{r} \, t_b = (0.010)(2.5) = 25 \, \text{mm} \tag{170}\] \[A_b = \frac{\dot{m}}{\rho_p r} = \frac{38.8}{(1750)(0.010)} = 2.22 \, \text{m}^{2} \tag{171}\]

A burning area of 2.2 square metres inside a 0.325 metre case is the internal surface of a tube roughly 2.4 metres long, which is what an internal-burning cylindrical grain of this size provides. A 25 millimetre web is thin by design, because the motor exists to deliver a large impulse quickly and then stop. A solid motor has no throttle and only one chance to be right. The internal-ballistics relations are those of Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements, and Ayres 1962 and Van Winkle 1965 discuss the application of large solid boosters in the same period. Hisler 1966 made a failure study of the Nike motor later used to boost the Aerobee 170.

Booster Separation

On this analysis the booster separates by drag differential, the sources consulted describing only its jettison at burnout. Once it burns out, its ballistic coefficient collapses relative to the still-thrusting sustainer, and the two part without any active mechanism. The separation acceleration is

\[\Delta a = \frac{F_s}{m_s} - \left( \frac{q S_b C_{D,b}}{m_b} - \frac{q S_s C_{D,s}}{m_s} \right) \tag{172}\]

and for the sustainer thrust of 11.6 kilonewtons on 498 kilogrammes, the thrust term alone contributes 23.3 metres per second squared, so the two bodies separate by

\[\Delta x = \tfrac{1}{2} \Delta a \, t^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2}(23.3)(1)^{2} = 11.7 \, \text{m} \tag{173}\]

in the first second. The margin is sufficient and costs nothing, a pattern this vehicle repeats. Separation dynamics for the general case are treated by Sehga 1962, with the thrust-decay control that makes a clean separation possible in Majoros and Sarlat 1966 and a later mechanism for the same job in Watson 1970. The approach of Barnes et al. 1964 separates an instrument package from the vehicle entirely, so that the measurement is made away from the disturbed flow and the outgassing surfaces. The mechanisms developed for the contemporary Vanguard programme by Baumann 1961 show what the alternative looked like when the margin was not free.

The Flight Test Record

The Aerobee family’s record is long and the X-8’s slice of it is short and instructive.

The first Aerobee event was a dummy vehicle on a live booster fired at White Sands on 25 September 1947, followed by two further dummy tests in October and the first complete vehicle on 24 November 1947. That flight was terminated after 35 seconds when the tail began yawing, which Mattson and Tagg 1995 record as excessive yaw and which Fraser 1985 traces to a jet condition in the booster nozzle. It was the first rocket fired by the United States Navy at White Sands and the subject of the first comprehensive missile range safety programme, a fact that follows directly from the dispersion analysis. The first fully successful flight followed on 5 March 1948, reaching 117 kilometres. The sequence is that of Aerobee.

The Air Force flights, which are the X-8 proper, begin later. USAF-1 was launched from Holloman Air Force Base on 2 December 1949 by a crew commanded by Major Phillip Calhoun, the Aerobee project officer, as Mattson and Tagg 1995 record, and reached almost 60 miles, which they give as 315,000 feet, or 96.0 kilometres. It carried three experiments, being a soft X-ray solar detector for the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, a pressure and temperature study for Boston University, and a colour photography experiment for the Wright-Patterson Equipment Laboratory, as Aerojet General X-8 lists them.

Almost everything failed. The X-ray detector foils ruptured and returned nothing. The telemetry returned some data. The nose cone was lost, which Aerojet General X-8 attributes to parachute failure although Mattson and Tagg 1995 report that the parachute opened, and it was not found until July 1950, by which time the film and the emulsions were destroyed. The first four flights after it also lost their nose cones, to parachute failure in the summary Aerojet General X-8 cites, although Mattson and Tagg 1995 record that the second flight exploded after leaving the tower.

Five consecutive recovery failures are not a run of bad luck at any plausible reliability. If each flight recovers independently with probability $p_r$, the chance of five failures in a row is

\[P = \left( 1 - p_r \right)^{5} \tag{174}\]

which for an even-money recovery system would be

\[P = (0.5)^{5} = 0.031 \tag{175}\]

and the one-sided 95 percent upper bound on the recovery probability, given no successes in five attempts, is

\[p_r \le 1 - (0.05)^{1/5} = 0.45 \tag{176}\]

The recovery system was worse than a coin toss and the programme could say so after five flights. The expected number of launches to obtain one recovered payload is $1/p_r$, so at the observed rate the programme was spending more than two vehicles per usable photographic result before the pack was redesigned.

The information-theoretic argument above explains why the loss was total. The telemetry could carry a few kilobits per second of pressures and temperatures. It could not carry a photograph or a nuclear emulsion track, so the experiments that depended on physical return produced nothing at all from five consecutive flights. The recovery system, not the propulsion, was the programme’s limiting subsystem in its first year.

USAF-6 is the flight the programme was trying to fly. It carried pressure and temperature detectors for the University of Michigan, a multipurpose beacon from the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, a six-channel pulse-position modulated telemetry system, a ten-channel data recorder from Tufts College, and a camera photographing a Sperry aspect gyro for the University of Michigan. It reached 92.5 kilometres and the recovery was clean, according to Aerojet General X-8.

The programme then ran to 1956. The last X-8A flight was in November or December 1956, and the final X-8 flew for the Signal Corps Electronics Laboratory from Fort Churchill in Canada, studying temperature and winds. All the other X-8 flights were from Holloman [Aerojet General X-8].

Two flights outside the instrumentation programme deserve record, because the public heard about them. On 20 September 1951 an Air Force Aerobee carried a monkey named Yorick and eleven mice to about 72 kilometres. The nose cone was recovered, but Mattson and Tagg 1995 record that the monkey and two of the mice soon died of heat prostration after a delay in recovery, while the flight data showed no abnormality, and Aerobee reports that the three animal flights of 1951 and 1952 found no significant ill effect of the acceleration, the brief weightlessness, and the radiation. On 16 October 1957, twelve days after Sputnik, Aerobee USAF-88 fired shaped charges at 85 kilometres in an attempt to throw metal fragments out of Earth’s gravity, and the resulting flash was observed from Palomar a thousand kilometres away [Aerobee]. Whether anything escaped is disputed and is treated in the Epistemic State.

Counts are given inconsistently across sources. One accounting gives sixty X-8 flights comprising 28 X-8, 30 X-8A, 1 X-8B, and 1 X-8C. Another gives deliveries of 30 X-8, 30 X-8A, 1 X-8B, 2 X-8C, and 3 X-8D. A launch-by-launch table gives 28 RTV-A-1, 31 RTV-A-1a, 1 RTV-A-1b, and 1 RTV-A-1c. The three X-8D were never flown. The first two accountings and the last fact are those of Aerojet General X-8, and the table follows Wade. These are reconcilable as a distinction between vehicles delivered and vehicles launched, but no source consulted here states which figure is which, and the discrepancy is recorded in the Epistemic State.

The wider family record dwarfs it. A total of 1,037 Aerobees of all variants were launched with a success rate above 97 percent, more than half of them Aerobee 150 and 150A vehicles, from White Sands, Holloman, Wallops Island, Eglin, Fort Churchill, Woomera, Natal, Barking Sands, Nouadhibou, Vandenberg, Walker’s Cay, and the deck of the research vessel Norton Sound. Reliability across the family was reassessed formally by Hisler 1964, and Newell 1965, Newell 1964, and the flight summaries of Sterhardt 1965 place the vehicle in the wider programme. Per-flight documentation of the kind the X-8 era did not leave behind exists for the later vehicles, including Hoidale 1963b and Hoidale 1963a for individual meteorological rounds and Fortney 1965 for an instrumented Aerobee 150 pair. Richards 1967 carries the story to where the family went next. The last flight was an airglow payload on an Aerobee 150 MI at White Sands on 17 January 1985, thirty-eight years after the first. The totals, the sites and the last flight are those of Aerobee. The compendia of Busse and Leffler 1966, Bushnell et al. 1965, and Bushnell et al. 1967 record the launches of the era of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, abbreviated NASA, flight by flight, and Corliss 1971 gives the historical summary of the whole sounding-rocket programme through 1968.

Comparison With Ground Prediction

The most useful comparison available for this vehicle is the one Aerojet made itself, because the prediction and the outcome were recorded together. The three-day hand calculation described in the Programme Origin section above came out five percent conservative against flight.

That claim deserves examination, because five percent is a remarkable result for an integration performed on a mechanical calculator. It was achievable for a definite reason. A sounding-rocket trajectory is a well-posed problem. The vehicle flies nearly vertically, so the equations reduce to one dimension. The atmosphere is known to within a few percent below 30 kilometres, which is where nearly all the drag is. The propulsion is a measured thrust history and a measured mass flow. The only poorly known quantity is the drag coefficient through the transonic region, and its effect is bounded because the loss is linear in it. Since the drag loss is proportional to $C_D$ at fixed trajectory,

\[\frac{\partial \left( \Delta v_{\text{drag}} \right)}{\Delta v_{\text{drag}}} = \frac{\partial C_D}{C_D} \tag{177}\]

so a fractional error in the drag coefficient produces the same fractional error in the loss, and the loss itself is only

\[\frac{\Delta v_{\text{drag}}}{v_b} = \frac{77}{1347} = 5.7 \, \text{percent} \tag{178}\]

of the burnout velocity. A thirty percent error in the drag coefficient therefore moves the burnout velocity by 1.7 percent, which explains quantitatively how a hand calculation could land within five percent of a vehicle nobody had flown.

Contrast this with the aircraft in the earlier articles of this series. The X-3 could not predict its own transonic drag because it depended on the interference between a novel wing and a slender fuselage at Reynolds numbers the tunnels could not reach. The X-5 could not predict its stability across sweep because the aerodynamic centre moved with a variable geometry. A ballistic vehicle is predictable in a way that an aircraft is not, and the five percent says more about the problem than about the engineers. Dembrow and Jamieson 1964 carry out the comparable exercise for a later sounding rocket, setting theoretical and actual performance against each other explicitly.

The prediction machinery of the period can be checked against the same arithmetic. The trajectory integration required is

\[\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} = \frac{F(t)}{m(t)} - g - \frac{\rho(h) v^{2} S C_D(M)}{2 m(t)}, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t} = v \tag{179}\]

with $m(t) = m_0 - \dot{m}t$. Integrating with a step $\Delta t$ by the forward Euler method accumulates a local truncation error of order $\Delta t^{2}$ per step and a global error of order $\Delta t$, so

\[\epsilon_{\text{global}} \approx \tfrac{1}{2} \left| \ddot{v} \right|_{\max} T \Delta t \tag{180}\]

For an acceleration changing by roughly 100 metres per second squared over the 42.5 second burn, the second derivative is about 2.4 metres per second cubed, so a one second step over the burn gives

\[\epsilon \approx \tfrac{1}{2}(2.4)(42.5)(1) = 51 \, \text{m/s} \tag{181}\]

which is 3.8 percent of the burnout velocity. The reported five percent conservatism is the same size as the integration error of a one-second Euler step, a coincidence that the public record cannot resolve. The step-size question was still being addressed formally two decades later, when Walters 1967 compared integration methods for ballistic rocket trajectory programmes, so the concern is not anachronistic. Whether the design margin reflected physical conservatism, numerical error, or both is not recoverable and is recorded as unsettled.

A second comparison is available from the vehicle-dynamics side. The NACA free-flight rocket-model technique was developed in the same years for this purpose, and the comparison of two such techniques by Stone and Sandahl 1951, the longitudinal-stability extraction of Gillis and Mitchell 1957, and the systematic damping-in-roll collections of Stone 1953, Data Collection provided the derivative data against which vehicles of this class were checked. The point of that programme was that the tunnels of the time could not reach the Mach and Reynolds numbers required, so the aerodynamics were measured by flying instrumented models. The Aerobee is that technique’s contemporary and shares its limitation, namely that a free-flight measurement returns the derivative of the vehicle you flew rather than the one you designed. The technique and its limits are described in Hansen 1987 Engineer in Charge, Baals and Corliss 1981 Wind Tunnels of NASA, and Gorn 2001 Expanding the Envelope, Flight Research at NACA and NASA.

A third comparison, at the level of the science rather than the vehicle, is the sharpest of all. The atmospheric structure inferred from ground-based methods before rockets was wrong in ways that the rocket data corrected decisively, and this is treated in the next section.

What the Data Changed

The X-8’s own sixty flights are a small part of what the Aerobee changed. A fair report separates what the X-8 flights established from what the family established, and makes clear that the vehicle was a means in both cases.

The Atmosphere Above the Balloons

Before rockets, the atmosphere above about 30 kilometres was known by inference. Sound propagation from large explosions gave a temperature profile through the refraction of the returning waves, a technique Cox 1948 describes. A ray launched at elevation $\theta_0$ into a stratified atmosphere conserves the Snell invariant,

\[\frac{\cos \theta(z)}{c_s(z)} = \frac{\cos \theta_0}{c_s(0)} \tag{182}\]

and turns back toward the ground where $\theta$ reaches zero, which happens at the altitude where

\[c_s(z_t) = \frac{c_s(0)}{\cos \theta_0} \tag{183}\]

Since the sound speed depends only on temperature, the return of a ray at a known launch angle locates an altitude where the temperature takes a particular value. The method returns one temperature per ray, not a profile, and it requires an assumed profile to convert the returns into altitudes, the circularity a rocket removes.

Searchlight scattering gave densities to several tens of kilometres. The scattering is Rayleigh, whose cross-section per molecule varies as the inverse fourth power of wavelength,

\[\sigma_R = \frac{24 \pi^{3}}{N_0^{2} \lambda^{4}} \left( \frac{n_r^{2}-1}{n_r^{2}+2} \right)^{2} \tag{184}\]

and whose returned signal from a range $z$ falls with the inverse square of that range,

\[S(z) = \frac{C \, n(z) \, \sigma_R}{z^{2}} \quad \Longrightarrow \quad n(z) \propto S(z) \, z^{2} \tag{185}\]

so density follows directly from the received intensity once the instrument constant is known. Both are integral methods, meaning they return a weighted average over a path rather than a local value, and both require an assumed model to invert.

Rockets made the measurement local and direct, and the programme that organised them was run by a standing committee of the experimenters themselves under Homer Newell and his colleagues rather than by any single agency. The consolidated result of the first six years appeared as Panel 1952 in Physical Review, under the collective authorship of the Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Panel. That paper replaced the inferred atmosphere with a measured one from 30 to 220 kilometres. The Naval Research Laboratory’s Upper Atmosphere Research Report series, of which Newell and Siry 1946, Newell and Siry 1947a, Newell and Siry 1947c, Newell and Siry 1948, and the summary Pressly et al. 1954 are part, is the underlying record. The standard reference atmosphere that this work produced is US Standard Atmosphere 1976, and Jursa 1985 Handbook of Geophysics and the Space Environment consolidated the geophysical results in a handbook.

The grenade experiment deserves its own mention because it is an elegant piece of physics that the Aerobee carried. Grenades ejected at known altitudes and detonated produce sound waves whose arrival times at a ground array give the mean sound speed over each layer, and since

\[c_s = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma R_u T}{M}} \tag{186}\]

the temperature follows directly,

\[T = \frac{c_s^{2} M}{\gamma R_u} \tag{187}\]

while the wind follows from the anisotropy of the arrival times. The method is described by Nordberg and Smith 1964 and Stroud et al. 1960, with the theory in Groves 1966 and the low-altitude validation in Stebbings et al. 1960. It measures a thermodynamic property of a gas by listening to it, requiring no instrument to survive and no telemetry at all, which for a vehicle with the X-8’s data-return problem is an enormous advantage. The same method was later applied by Smith et al. 1968, the equatorial case of de Mendonça et al. 1969, and the high-latitude case of Rahmatullah 1972. Webb 1968 describes the wider synoptic programme that grew from it, with the sensor characterisation underneath it in Beyers et al. 1962 and the structure results of Katchen et al. 1966b. A second and quite different wind method released a chemical trail and photographed its distortion, with the dispensing hardware in Corman and Guarino 1965 and the results in Bedinger et al. 1966.

Density measurement by falling spheres, in which a sphere of known ballistic coefficient is ejected and tracked, inverts the drag relation to recover the density,

\[\rho = \frac{2 m a_D}{C_D A v^{2}} \tag{188}\]

and depends entirely on knowing the drag coefficient of a sphere across the transition from continuum to free-molecular flow. That dependence is the subject of the review by Krumins 1972 with the transition-regime treatment of Karr 1974 and the pitot alternative of Bollermann et al. 1970. Jacobson and Minzner 1966 combined the density record from 150 rocket flights and 26 searchlight probings across 1947 to 1964, and so compared the rocket method directly against the technique it displaced. The circulation results that followed appear in Nordberg and Warnecke 1965, Casey et al. 1970, and Smith et al. 1972.

The Aerobee’s share of this work is not incidental. The family accounted for more than half of the sounding-rocket budget allocated to the United States programme for the International Geophysical Year, the eighteen-month campaign of 1957 and 1958, according to Aerobee.

Ozone, and the First Vertical Profile

The ozone measurement is the clearest case of the optical-depth argument in action. Ozone absorbs so strongly in the Hartley band that its total column had been measurable from the ground since the 1920s, when Dobson’s instrument was developed, but the vertical distribution was inaccessible, because a ground instrument sees only the integral.

A rocket ascending through the layer while watching the sun measures the transmission as a function of altitude, and differentiating the resulting optical depth profile gives the local concentration,

\[n(z) = -\frac{1}{\sigma} \frac{\mathrm{d}\tau}{\mathrm{d}z} \tag{189}\]

The measurement is made against the sun, not at the zenith, so the path is slant and the optical depth is larger by the secant of the solar zenith angle $\chi$,

\[\tau_{\text{slant}} = \tau_{\text{vert}} \sec \chi \tag{190}\]

which holds while the curvature of the atmosphere can be ignored, meaning below about seventy degrees, beyond which the secant must be replaced by the function Chapman 1931b derived for the purpose. At sixty degrees the factor is two, so the altitude at which the atmosphere becomes transparent rises by

\[\Delta z = H \ln 2 = (7.6)(0.693) = 5.3 \, \text{km} \tag{191}\]

The observing geometry is therefore part of the altitude requirement, and a measurement made near sunrise needs a higher apogee than the same measurement made at noon. Johnson et al. 1952 made that measurement to 70 kilometres and published the first direct vertical distribution. The differentiation is the point. A rocket profile is qualitatively better than a ground column, since differentiating an integral recovers information that no amount of precision on the integral itself can supply.

The Solar Ultraviolet and the Birth of Space Astronomy

The sun’s spectrum below 300 nanometres is invisible from the ground because ozone and oxygen absorb it, and every photon of it was unmeasured before 1946. Tousey et al. 1947 obtained the first rocket ultraviolet solar spectrum from a V-2 and Durand et al. 1949 published the analysis, work for which Richard Tousey led the Naval Research Laboratory group for three decades. The Aerobee inherited the programme and extended it, with the emission-line identifications of Johnson et al. 1955, the high-resolution extension of Garrett et al. 1962, the extreme-ultraviolet spectrum of Tousey et al. 1959, and the review by Tousey 1961.

Lyman-alpha, the resonance line of atomic hydrogen at 121.6 nanometres, is the brightest feature, measured by Byram et al. 1953, with the profile theory of Miyamoto 1953 and the limb-darkening measurement of Miller et al. 1956. Chubb and Friedman 1955, a detector paper rather than an astronomy paper and arguably the more consequential of the two, presents the photon counters that made the far-ultraviolet measurements possible. Burgess and Westberg 1961, Tousey and Limansky 1972, and Parkinson et al. 1974 report the later rocket spectrographs, and the discipline tells the story of its origins in Hirsh 1983 Glimpsing an Invisible Universe and Tousey 1971.

The night airglow was mapped from Aerobee flights by Koomen et al. 1956a and Berg et al. 1956, with the altitude of the 557.7 nanometre oxygen line localised for the first time, and Koomen et al. 1956b give the companion measurement.

Solar X-rays, and Then the Rest of the Sky

Solar X-ray emission during a flare was detected from a rocket by Chubb et al. 1957a, published in Nature, with the reply to Warwick and Zirin 1957 appearing alongside it, and the review by Friedman 1963 consolidates the solar work that Herbert Friedman directed.

The consequential result came five years later and it was not solar. On 19 June 1962 an Aerobee 150 carrying Geiger counters intended to look for fluorescent X-rays from the moon instead recorded a bright source in the direction of Scorpius and a diffuse background. Giacconi et al. 1962 reported it in Physical Review Letters as evidence for X-rays from sources outside the solar system, and the source became Scorpius X-1. The interpretation was contested immediately, with Hoyle 1963 and Finzi 1964 proposing mechanisms, and the sky was then surveyed in earnest. Bowyer et al. 1964a fixed the Scorpius emission, Bowyer et al. 1964b found further sources across the galaxy, and Friedman et al. 1964 proposed neutron stars as the origin. Cataloguing followed in Bowyer et al. 1965, and by Byram et al. 1966 the galactic and extragalactic populations were being separated, a distinction that Friedman and White 1967 carried into the distribution and variability of the whole set. Angular sizes came from Bradt et al. 1966a and Clark et al. 1965, spectra from Giacconi et al. 1965b, Spectral Data, and the programme described its instruments in Giacconi et al. 1966b.

Riccardo Giacconi received a share of the 2002 Nobel Prize in Physics for that line of work. The instrument that started it observed for a few minutes from a sounding rocket. Whether a few minutes is enough is a counting-statistics question with a definite answer. A detector accumulating source counts at rate $R_s$ against a background rate $R_b$ collects $R_s t$ and $R_b t$ counts in time $t$, and since both are Poisson the significance of the excess is

\[\frac{S}{N} = \frac{R_s t}{\sqrt{\left( R_s + R_b \right) t}} = \frac{R_s \sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{R_s + R_b}} \tag{192}\]

Significance grows as the square root of time, so the exposure required for a detection at $k$ standard deviations is

\[t_{\min} = \frac{k^{2} \left( R_s + R_b \right)}{R_s^{2}} \tag{193}\]

For a five-sigma detection of a source giving one count per second against a background of five,

\[t_{\min} = \frac{25 (1 + 5)}{1^{2}} = 150 \, \text{s} \tag{194}\]

which fits inside the observing window with room to spare, while a source ten times fainter would require 12,750 seconds and is out of reach of any ballistic flight. The relation partitions the sky sharply into what a sounding rocket can find and what it cannot. X-ray astronomy began on a rocket and not a satellite because the brightest sources fall on the accessible side of that line. Nothing about the argument requires the flight to be long. It requires the source to be bright, and the observing-time relation derived at the beginning of this article is what makes a few minutes available at all. Giacconi recounts the episode in Giacconi 2008 Secrets of the Hoary Deep, the source itself is Scorpius X-1, and the recognition is Nobel Prize in Physics 2002. Rossi 1967b, who was one of the four authors of the discovery paper, reviewed the field it opened five years later. The instrumentation lineage that followed within the sounding-rocket programme runs through Fisher 1966, Davis et al. 1973, and Kestenbaum et al. 1971, with the detector development that made the flights possible in Baily and Cleary 1962 and solar-radiation instrumentation generally in Marchgraber and Armstrong 1962. The same argument carried into the infrared in Harwit et al. 1970. A source bright enough to detect at all was detectable in the time available, and the sky survey that followed needed more flights, not longer ones.

The Ionosphere and the Neutral Atmosphere

Electron density profiles were measured directly by propagation experiments between a rocket-borne transmitter and the ground. A plasma of electron number density $N$ has a characteristic frequency

\[f_p = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{N e^{2}}{\epsilon_0 m_e}} \approx 8.98 \sqrt{N} \, \text{Hz} \tag{195}\]

with $N$ in electrons per cubic metre, which for a typical E-region density of $10^{11}$ is 2.84 megahertz. A radio wave above that frequency propagates with refractive index

\[n = \sqrt{1 - \frac{f_p^{2}}{f^{2}}} = \sqrt{1 - \frac{N e^{2}}{4 \pi^{2} \epsilon_0 m_e f^{2}}} \tag{196}\]

so the phase path differs from the geometric path by an amount that depends on the frequency and on the electron content along the ray. Transmitting two harmonically related frequencies and comparing their Doppler shifts removes the vehicle motion, which is common to both, and leaves the dispersive term,

\[\Delta f_D \propto \frac{1}{f_1} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \int N \, \mathrm{d}s - \frac{1}{f_2} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \int N \, \mathrm{d}s \tag{197}\]

Differentiating the result along the trajectory returns the local density rather than the column. The ozone measurement uses the same device, and for that reason a rocket profile is qualitatively better than any ground-based sounding. The method is Seddon 1953, which sets out the two-frequency propagation experiment and is the primary source for everything above, ahead of the Aerobee papers that applied it. Jackson et al. 1956 and Jackson and Seddon 1958 report the Navy Aerobee-Hi measurements by name, Haycock et al. 1959 give the independent implementation, and Bauer and Jackson 1962 the topside extension. Aikin et al. 1964 and Kane 1969 interpret the resulting profiles, with electron temperature added by Brace et al. 1965, the diffusion that shapes the profile in Chandra 1964 and Schunk and Walker 1973. Jackson et al. 1962 cover radio-frequency impedance probes, Mlodnosky and Garriott 1962 develop the very-low-frequency admittance treatment, and Nisbet 1960 supplies the later probe comparisons.

The altitude at which the atmosphere ceases to be well mixed is set by a competition between two transport processes. Below it, turbulent eddies stir the gas faster than molecules can separate by weight, and above it the reverse holds. The dividing level is where the eddy diffusivity $K$ equals the molecular diffusion coefficient $D$, which itself varies inversely with density,

\[D(z) = D_0 \frac{n_0}{n(z)} \tag{198}\]

Setting $D = K$ gives a criterion in density alone,

\[n_{\text{turbopause}} = \frac{D_0 n_0}{K} \tag{199}\]

and with a sea-level molecular diffusivity of $2 \times 10^{-5}$ square metres per second and an eddy diffusivity near 100 in the lower thermosphere,

\[n_{\text{turbopause}} = \frac{(2 \times 10^{-5})(2.5 \times 10^{25})}{100} = 5 \times 10^{18} \, \text{m}^{-3} \tag{200}\]

which the standard atmosphere places near 107 kilometres. Above that level each species falls off with its own scale height instead of with the mean, so the mean molecular mass drops with altitude and the atmosphere separates. That prediction was argued for long before the instruments existed to test it properly, and Jones et al. 1951 made the case from indirect evidence five years before anyone flew a spectrometer. Meadows and Townsend 1956 made the measurement that settled it, with Hedin and Nier 1965 establishing the separation by direct measurement and Barrington 1965 following the helium profile, which is its most sensitive indicator. Later composition work came from Nichols and Shaefer 1963, Nichols and Schaefer 1964, Kennedy and Niemann 1966 with an omegatron, and Nier and Hickman 1973 at high latitude. Barth 1964 and Barth 1966b measured nitric oxide, a minor constituent with a major effect on the D region, following the prediction of Kaplan 1939, with the later rocket measurements of Pearce 1968 and the review in Barth 1966a. Donahue and Meier 1967 observed sodium in the daytime upper atmosphere. The probe techniques themselves are surveyed by Smith 1965b and compared against one another by Fejer et al. 1965.

What It Did Not Change

Two omissions matter, because a vehicle whose data changed nothing is itself a finding.

The X-8 contributed almost nothing to aeronautics. It carried no aerodynamic instrumentation of consequence, its stability derivatives were of interest only to its designers, and no source consulted here records an aircraft programme inheriting anything from it. Compared with the X-1, whose transonic data entered every subsequent design, the X-8’s contribution to flight is essentially zero.

It also failed to establish the X-designation as a vehicle-agnostic category in any deliberate way. The designation was applied administratively. It did not state that the X-series had broadened, and the broadening happened anyway over the following decade without anyone appearing to decide it. The X-8 is evidence of a drift rather than a cause of one.

The Contemporary Literature

Cluster	Records
The thrust chamber, injection, combustion, nozzle and cooling	1,057
Solid and hybrid motors and the booster	999
Structure, winds and composition of the neutral upper atmosphere	757
The ionosphere by rocket	493
Tank pressurisation, feed systems and cryogenic boil-off	455
Recovery and parachutes	440
X-ray and ultraviolet astronomy and its detectors	401
Hypergolic and storable propellants and their green successors	357
Launch, static stability and dispersion of unguided rockets	359
Suborbital microgravity and biological flight	293
The sun above the atmosphere, ultraviolet, Lyman-alpha and X-rays	254
Roll, roll resonance and coning	252
Telemetry, instrumentation and the payload environment	243
Structure and the pressurised shell	199
Staging, separation, launch cost and access to space	181
Attitude, pointing and aspect	177
Aerodynamic heating and thermal protection	126
Sounding rockets and suborbital vehicles as research carriers	109
Range safety, flight termination and launch hazard	103
Airglow and aurora	81
The Aerobee family and its X-8 slice	58
Ozone, absorption and the optical depth of the atmosphere	43
The atmosphere and the flight condition	40
Other rocket and upper-atmosphere literature	238
Total	7,715

The X-8 is seventy-five years old and every problem it solved is still being worked on, in several cases by people who would not describe themselves as working on sounding rockets at all.

Sounding Rockets Still Flying

The suborbital research vehicle remains a category with an active literature, and it is still justified by the argument derived above, that a short exposure obtained often is worth more than a long exposure obtained once. Microgravity research on suborbital vehicles is the clearest modern case, with Ferl et al. 2026 reporting rapid gene-expression changes across a suborbital profile, Padilla et al. 2025 adapting microelectrode-array electrophysiology to the environment, Quadrini et al. 2026 foaming composite cellular structures during a suborbital flight, and Perumbil et al. 2025 proposing an atom interferometer for the same profile. Schroeder et al. 2021 address the human-rating question that a carrier of people rather than instruments raises. Garcia et al. 2023 follow tumour stem cells through a suborbital flight. Each of those experiments is constrained by the relation between mass ratio and observing time derived at the start of this article. Student and institutional programmes fly the same profile for the same reason, as Dąbrowski et al. 2020 report from a European sounding-rocket campaign, and the operational and regulatory shape of suborbital flight is examined by Zahari and Romli 2019 and, for the return leg specifically, by Kwiek et al. 2023.

The instrument side has moved further. Modern sounding rockets carry X-ray microcalorimeter spectrometers, extreme-ultraviolet spectrographs, and imaging telescopes whose pointing requirements would have been inconceivable in 1949. The flight opportunity is now often justified as technology maturation for an orbital mission rather than as science in its own right, a path Miles 2025 traces through the development of the great observatories. Hoadley et al. 2020 perform far-ultraviolet spectroscopy on a rocket. Solar extreme-ultraviolet instruments continue in Telikicherla et al. 2026, Feng et al. 2024, and Calcines Rosario et al. 2024, with the calibration problem that a five-minute flight makes acute treated by Vigil et al. 2021. The microcalorimeter detectors that now fly on such payloads bring their own difficulties, including the blocking filters of Eckart et al. 2019 and the in-orbit gain tracking of Sawada et al. 2025. Detectors built specifically for the sounding-rocket environment continue in Wang et al. 2022a, with the background modelling that the counting-statistics argument above depends on in Roy et al. 2021 and a modern flight data system in Nagasawa et al. 2026. Eun and Han 2022 work through the vibration qualification that any of them must survive. The programme that supplies it descends directly from the one the Aerobee served, described at NASA Sounding Rocket Program. Introduction to Space Studies places suborbital access in the broader context of what it is for.

Dispersion and Stability, Still Unsolved in the General Case

The unguided rocket remains a live subject because the physics did not change. Salehi Paniagua et al. 2025 give a cost-efficient method for determining the dynamic stability of a missile configuration, Joo et al. 2025 validate a semi-empirical aerodynamic prediction code of the kind that succeeded the NACA free-flight technique, and Sheng Lim and Fadhli Zulkafli 2026 treat the fluid-structure interaction of a movable fin. Fin-count and geometry studies continue in Yamin and Hadi 2026, and the tailfin itself is now optimised against a surrogate model by Wu et al. 2026b, with the whole-vehicle version of that optimisation in Sathe et al. 2026. Tun et al. 2020 predict the coefficients of an unguided artillery rocket, the same problem the Aerobee posed, and Tai et al. 2023 identify the parameters from flight rather than from prediction. Szklarski and Głębocki 2025 make nose shaping an early design variable. Dispersion itself is now attacked with feedback. Louw et al. 2026 mitigate hybrid-motor performance dispersion through real-time state estimation and control, the option the X-8 did not have. Where prediction is still the only tool, it has become statistical rather than deterministic, as Yang et al. 2024a show for impact-point estimation, with the atmospheric uncertainty that bounds it treated by Chadalavada et al. 2026 and Warner et al. 2026.

Roll resonance, the hazard that the density-scaling argument above shows to be unavoidable in general, remains a design concern for finned vehicles and its nonlinear treatment still traces to Clare 1971. The chaotic regime that the coupled yaw, pitch, and roll motion can enter is mapped by Xu et al. 2019. Where the X-8 rolled to average out its errors, a modern projectile of similar size is genuinely spin-stabilised and steered, which Krishna et al. 2023 and Arnoult et al. 2020 treat and whose drift behaviour Ding et al. 2024a analyse. Sagliano et al. 2024 optimise a powered trajectory in six degrees of freedom, a method no unguided vehicle can use. Sun and Zhong 2019 study nutation damping, which the X-8 had no means of applying, and the modern answer to a spinning vehicle that must nonetheless arrive somewhere is a steering surface rather than a better prediction, as Chang et al. 2021 and Chang and Li 2023 show.

The Propellant Problem, Reopened

The X-8’s propellant choice was hypergolic storable, and the modern field is the same choice with the toxicity removed. The literature on green hypergolic replacements is large and active, with Yilmaz et al. 2025 surveying current developments and future direction, Zhang et al. 2025a testing 90 percent hydrogen peroxide ignition, Mendoza et al. 2025 optimising a monoethanolamine-based green propellant, Cardoso et al. 2026 developing a green hypergolic gel, and Caffiero et al. 2026 reviewing catalytic and reactive high-test-peroxide ignition, with the monopropellant alternative in Kokal et al. 2025. The underlying chemistry is being resolved at the mechanistic level by Biswas et al. 2025a and Biswas et al. 2025b. Ionic liquids are the most-explored replacement family, and their ignition delay, the property the aniline blend was chosen for, is measured by Fareghi‐Alamdari et al 2019, shortened by Sun and Tang 2020 and Sun and Tang 2021, promoted with additives by Bhosale et al. 2020a, and pushed toward practical fuels by Wang et al. 2021b. A complete thruster running such a propellant was fired by Negri and Lauck 2022, and Gao et al. 2022b trace the instability that appears when it is scaled up.

The property being preserved is the one the X-8 chose it for, that the vehicle can be loaded and then left alone. The property being discarded is the danger the X-8 accepted in touching the propellant. Pressure-fed architecture likewise persists where the same logic applies, with Montaini and Carlotti 2026 giving a modular design and optimisation framework for pressure-fed upper stages, and pressurisation-system analysis in Puccinelli et al. 2024 and Teia 2025. Injector design as a discipline is reviewed by Li et al. 2026d, with the pintle case in Cha et al. 2023. Combustion instability, which the Aerobee’s low chamber pressure spared it, is now attacked analytically by Liang et al. 2022b through bifurcation, experimentally by Umeoka et al. 2021, and numerically by Xiong et al. 2020b and Liu et al. 2023d, with the feed-coupled case in Jin et al. 2024.

The Motor the Aerobee Would Use Today

A vehicle designed now for the X-8’s mission would probably not burn a storable bipropellant at all, because the two architectures that were immature in 1946 have matured. Solid motors have become the default for small sounding rockets, and the design questions are grain mechanics and thrust shaping rather than feed systems, which Baiserikov et al. 2025 and Mittal et al. 2026 treat for vehicles of this size, with ageing behaviour in Kumar Bihari et al. 2022 and variable thrust in Cha and de Oliveira 2022. Bondarenko et al. 2026 take on grain and propellant selection for an orbital-class stage. The burning-rate exponent that makes a solid motor stable or otherwise is characterised across pressure by Zhang et al. 2026b, with grain tailoring in Wu and Ren 2024 and surface-regression modelling in Liu et al. 2022c.

Hybrids are the other candidate and they recover the throttling and the abort capability that a solid gives up. Kamps et al. 2019 establish the data-reduction framework such motors need, Vignesh and Kumar 2020 and Mengu and Kumar 2024 pursue the combustion stability that has kept them out of service, and Louw et al. 2026 address the performance dispersion that is the hybrid’s characteristic weakness. Both alternatives trade the X-8’s problem of handling a toxic acid for a different one, a motor whose output cannot be predicted as precisely.

Recovery, Now Simulated Rather Than Tested

The parachute problem that cost the X-8 its first five payloads is now largely computational. Zhang et al. 2025g simulate the opening process of a payload parachute numerically, Bergeron et al. 2025 analyse the coupled parachute and payload system for stability, and the inflation problem itself continues in Gao et al. 2020, Yang et al. 2020, Guan et al. 2025, and Ouyang et al. 2026, with the computational framework validated against test by As’ad et al. 2025 and the clustered case in Li et al. 2023c. Separation hardware, which on the X-8 was a drag differential and nothing else, is now a reliability problem in its own right, as Niu et al. 2022b and Hao et al. 2021 show, with the venting that governs it in Ko et al. 2019. All of this work exists to bound the opening-shock relation written above, and that the relation is still computed rather than measured says something about the cost of measuring it.

Range Safety and Autonomous Termination

The first comprehensive missile range safety programme was written for the first Aerobee flight, as Aerobee records, and the discipline it started is now largely automated. Autonomous flight termination, in which the vehicle carries its own decision logic rather than relying on a range safety officer with a destruct command, has become standard for launch. Gente et al. 2024 set out such a design, Sabán-Fosch et al. 2025 describe a European implementation, and the regulatory gap the technology has opened is argued by Miquel Parra et al. 2024 and Pasciuti et al. 2025, with the surrounding standards surveyed by Rabus 2023.

The debris-risk analysis behind all of it is a quantitative descendant of the dispersion ellipse computed above. Campos and Silva 2023 derive the size of the safety area around a launch trajectory directly, the modern statement of why the X-8 needed a desert, and Nick and Buchaillot 2024 and Pagan and Herdrich 2022 develop the impact-hazard machinery. Wind measurement to support a launch decision, which the Aerobee did with balloons, is now done with unmanned aircraft in Bęben et al. 2023 and with lidar in Witschas et al. 2023.

The Upper Atmosphere, Measured Continuously Now

The science the X-8 served has not concluded. Ionospheric irregularity and space-weather measurement continue with rocket-borne probes alongside satellites and ground radar, mesospheric and lower-thermospheric structure is still a rocket problem because it lies above balloons and below satellites, and the region the Aerobee opened remains the least accessible part of the atmosphere by any other means. Rocket-borne mass spectrometry of the kind Meadows and Townsend 1956 began continues in Stude et al. 2021 and Stude et al. 2025, Pfaff et al. 2022, Cohen et al. 2020, and Giono et al. 2021 make electric-field and current measurements in the auroral ionosphere, and the polar mesospheric winter echo campaign of Strelnikov et al. 2021 is a direct descendant of the grenade and probe work of the 1950s. Lehmacher et al. 2026 find Joule heating signatures in neutral density. The probe contamination problem that Blanchard and Farlow 1966 identified has not gone away, and Conway and Barjatya 2025 quantify it for sweeping Langmuir probes on current payloads, while Bigelow and Velásquez-García 2024 rebuild the probe itself by additive manufacture.

Thermosphere density, which the rocket panel first measured, is still being predicted rather than known, as Li et al. 2026c and He et al. 2023 show, and mesospheric energetics remain contested in Yue and Wang 2025. The electron-density profile that Seddon 1953 first recovered from a rocket is now obtained by other means entirely, with Forsythe et al. 2020 validating a radio-occultation retrieval and Jiang et al. 2024b inverting ionograms by ray tracing, while auroral electrodynamics still needs the rocket, as Krcelic et al. 2024 show. The sodium layer that rocket releases first mapped is now watched continuously by lidar in Fang et al. 2023 and Liu et al. 2025f, and the ozone profile that took a rocket in 1952 is retrieved from orbit by Zhu et al. 2025b and Yang and Liu 2019. Every one of those replacements measures from outside the region rather than within it, which is why the sounding rocket has not been retired. Bouziane et al. 2026 examine the photochemistry that makes the distinction matter. Ionospheric irregularity now has its own indices and constellations in Yizengaw 2023 and Chartier 2022. Polar mesospheric clouds, first sampled by rocket, are observed in Duft et al. 2019 and Moriyama et al. 2025. The gap between the highest balloon and the lowest satellite is the same gap it was in 1946, and the sounding rocket is still the only vehicle that samples it in situ.

The Cost of a Flight

The cost relation derived at the start of this article, in which a cheaper flight buys precision through sample size, has become the explicit subject of a literature. Wilken 2024 builds cost estimates for launch vehicle families under market uncertainty, and Niederstrasser 2022 surveys the small launch vehicles that exist because the same argument was made about orbit. Reusability is the alternative route to the same end, pursued by Guadagnini et al. 2023 and Long et al. 2026, and it is the route the X-8 explicitly rejected.

The X-8’s answer to all of these questions was to make the vehicle cheap enough that the questions did not need answering, and a sounding rocket still gives that answer.

Thermal Protection at Higher Speeds

The X-8’s nose reached perhaps 740 kelvin, which aluminium survives. In this area alone the vehicle’s modern descendants face a harder problem. Narayan et al. 2025a and Le et al. 2019 assess nose-cone thermal performance at genuinely hypersonic conditions, Sapozhnikov et al. 2021 the ablative option, and active approaches appear in Liu et al. 2024b and Di Martino et al. 2025. The X-8 avoided all of it by not going fast enough for long enough, and that is a design decision even when nobody records making it.

The thrust chamber, injection, combustion, nozzle and cooling

The engine the sizing section dimensions, and the largest cluster. Injectors and atomisation, liquid rocket combustion instability, regenerative and film cooling and throat heat flux, characteristic velocity, nozzle performance, and the flow separation and side loads of overexpanded nozzles.

1,057 records. [A Comparison of Calculated 1978] [Abdol-Hamid et al. 2006] [Abdul Hamid 2011] [Abe et al. 2000] [Abrizal et al. 2025] [Abu-Romia 1964] [Acoustic Sensitivity Measurements 1996] [Adams 1966] [Adams 1967] [Ageenko et al. 2013] [Aghababaie and Theunissen 2015] [Ahuja and Lympany 2016] [Airoldi et al. 2022] [Alcock and Hagar 1989] [Alden and Habert 1964] [Aleksandrov et al. 2022] [Alexandrov 2026] [Ali and Borrer 2013b] [Ali and Borrer 2013a] [Aljbour 2024] [Allegre et al. 1985] [Allegre et al. 1986] [de Almeida and Pagliuco 2014] [Almeida et al. 2021] [Altseimer 1952] [Amar and Tamanampudi 2012] [An 2003] [Anafi and Qasem 2025] [Analysis of a New 1960] [Anderson and Chung 1963] [Anderson et al. 1995] [Anderson et al. 1996] [Anderson et al. 2012] [Anderson et al. 2013] [Anderson et al. 2015] [Andreev et al. 1995] [Andrus and Bordeau 1989] [Antony and Waldecker 2023] [Appendix C 1992] [Appich and Tipping 1977] [Arens 1963] [Arens 1964] [Arkhipov et al. 2026] [Armstrong 1952] [Armstrong 1979] [Armstrong and Kilner 1953] [Assessment of Thrust Chamber 2004] [Atamanchuk 2025] [Baars and Tinney 2013] [Back et al. 1964] [Badinand and Fransson 2002] [Bae et al. 2014] [Baetz 1974] [Bai and Chung 2012] [Bai et al. 2020] [Bairamov and Bairamov 2022] [Baker 1969] [Balepin 2001] [Barbato 2023] [Bartz 1965] [Baskaran et al. 2018b] [Baskaran et al. 2018a] [Batchelor 1964] [Batiuk and Henderson 1976] [Bazarov 1998] [Bazarov and Yang 1998] [Beavers and Martin 1994] [Beddini and Owano 1987] [Beebe] [Bekka et al. 2015] [Bekka et al. 2017b] [Bekka et al. 2017a] [Bellman et al. 1953] [Beltran and Kosvic 1966] [Belyakov 2022] [Ben-Dor et al. 1997] [Bennewitz et al. 2010] [Bennewitz et al. 2013] [Bentsman et al. 1991] [Beresh et al. 2002] [Berlin and Batson 1975] [Bernhardt et al. 1982] [Betti et al. 2014a] [Betti et al. 2014b] [Betti et al. 2015] [Bhaskar and Sahu 2021] [Bieneck 2026a] [Bieneck 2026b] [Billet 1964] [Block 1967] [Boccaletto 2008] [Bonilla Romacho et al. 2023] [Boraas 1981] [Boraas 1983] [Boraas 1985] [Boraas 1987] [Borisov 2025] [Borovik et al. 2019] [Bortoloto et al. 2023] [Bose 1978] [Boudreaux 1969] [Bountin et al. 2018] [Bouslog et al. 1984] [Boustani et al. 2024] [Bragg 1963] [Brauckmann et al. 2011] [Brazzel 1963] [Bremner et al. 2011] [Brinckman et al. 2015] [Broadwell 1963] [Broadwell and Marcisz 1968] [Brodsky 1976a] [Brodsky 1976b] [Broomby and Trifoni 2024] [Broughton 1962] [Brown 1968] [Brown 2000] [Brown 2002] [Brown 2022d] [Brown 2022b] [Brown 2022a] [Brummund et al. 1996] [Bryan and Edwards 1955] [Buchanan et al. 2018] [Buffone et al. 2003] [Bulat et al. 2024] [Burdett 1946] [Burrows 2008] [Burstein et al. 1972] [Burt and Boyd 2009] [Burtseva 2019] [Busse and Kreuzer 1967] [Cadavez et al. 2025] [Cain 1994] [Calhoon 1998] [Callsen et al. 2026] [Camargo] [Carey 1967] [Carleton and Weinberg 1987] [Casalino et al. 2011] [Case] [Casiano et al. 2009] [Casiano et al. 2010] [Caton and Franke 1991] [Cha et al. 2024] [Chaffee and Wiltz 1967] [Char and Yeh 2009] [Chaudhary 2024] [Chaudhary et al. 2025] [Chaudhuri and Hadjadj 2016] [Chemistry of Lonization 1963] [Chen and Liu 2008] [Chen and Zhao 2005] [Chen et al. 2025a] [Chen et al. 2026a] [Cheng 1956] [Cheng and Farmer 2002] [Cheng and Farmer 2003] [Chernyshov 2025] [Chew 1973] [Chiu 1986] [Chow and Chang 1972] [Christely et al. 2026] [Christensen et al. 2007] [Christou et al. 1990] [Christou et al. 1991] [Chu and Xu 2014] [Chung et al. 1995] [Chutkey and Verma 2026] [Chutkey et al. 2017] [Cimini et al. 2021] [Citarella et al. 2022] [Clark 1967] [Coates and Ryan 1964] [Combs 1970] [Combustion Instability 2019] [Combustion Instability Analysis 1995a] [Combustion Instability Analysis 1995b] [Combustion Instability Analysis 1995c] [Combustion Instability Analysis 1995e] [Sung 2004] [Tao et al. 2023] [Comparin and Wilson 1969] [Comparison of Theoretical 1978] [Computational Analysis of Combustion 1981] [Concio et al. 2020] [Concio et al. 2023] [Conley et al. 1969] [Cordesse] [Coulbert 1963] [Crabtree 1962] [Craig 1966] [Crocco 1965] [Crocco et al. 1960] [Cross 2019] [Cross and Boyd 2018] [Crowe 1967] [Culick 1963] [Cyran and Quinn 1991] [Chandra et al. 2023] [Dagum and Zhu 1992] [Dalins and McCarty 1969] [Darwell and Trubridge 1967] [Das et al. 1988] [Dasgupta et al. 2025] [Davidy 2009] [Daviller et al. 2020] [Davis et al. 2006] [de Iaco Veris 2020] [Deck 2009] [DeHoff et al. 1993] [Delcher et al. 1989] [Delcher et al. 1990] [Delcher et al. 1991] [Deng et al. 2026a] [Dequay et al. 1991] [Design and Dynamics 2004] [Design of altitude simulators 1968] [Design of Liquid-Propellant Space 1992] [Design of Nozzle 2011] [Design of Rocket-Engine Control 1992] [Design of Thrust Chambers 1992] [Dharavath et al. 2023] [Dickens et al. 2003] [Dickinson 1984] [Dietrich and Leach 1971] [Dillon and Line 1956] [Ding-Ding et al. 2024] [Dolgih 2025] [Dorey et al. 2014] [Dranovsky 2007] [Draper and Moran 1973] [Driggers 1975] [Dsouza et al. 2024] [Du 2017a] [Du et al. 2018] [Dubois et al. 1995] [Duffy et al. 1991] [Dumnov 1996] [Durfee 1968] [Eaton 1971] [Ebrahimi et al. 1998] [Ebrahimi et al. 2000] [Eerkens 1973] [Effect of Distributed Injection 2017] [Elias and Gordon 1952] [Emmons 1965] [Eramya et al. 2007] [Erazo et al. 2021] [Erdem et al. 2006] [Escher 1962] [Escher et al. 1999] [Esker and Sedrick 1972] [Etheridge 1960] [Experimental Investigation of Bipropellant 1984] [Eyi and Yumusak 2013] [Ezell 1960] [Falcone et al. 1989] [Fang 1984] [Farvin and Peddieson 1988] [Fassl 2011] [Fatuev 2006] [Feng and Wang 2007] [Feng et al. 1993] [Ferreira and Dourado 2018] [Ferrenberg 1984] [Fevig et al. 2022] [Fint et al. 2005] [Fisher 1971] [Flandro et al. 2004a] [Flandro et al. 2004c] [Flores et al. 2019] [Fontijn 1998] [Fontijn 2006] [Fougnie] [Fouladi et al. 2023] [France’s Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine 2006] [Freeberg and Hogge 2019] [Frey and Hagemann 1998] [Frey and Hagemann 1999] [Friedman et al. 1967a] [Frieler and Groll 2023] [Fritzemeier and Skowronski 1995] [Fu et al. 2024] [Fulmer and Wirtz 1965] [Fulton and Penn 1971] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995h] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995a] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995e] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995g] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995c] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995f] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995i] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995b] [Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion 1995d] [Galli] [Gatza and Huang 2025] [Gebert et al. 1999] [Geiger 1965] [Genkin et al. 1996] [Ghaffar et al. 2017] [Ghafourian et al. 1991] [Gibart] [Gilcrease 1982] [Girard and Reijasse 2008] [Givishvili 2024] [Glass et al. 1998] [Glowacki 1971] [Glushko 1976] [Golub et al. 2012] [Gompertz 1950] [Gotsulenko 2008] [Gradl and Protz 2020] [Gradl et al] [Gradl et al] [Gradl et al. 2018] [Graefe and Gordon 1957] [Grasso and Gnoffo 1990] [Grayson and Distefano 1993] [Greatrix 2012a] [Greatrix 2012c] [Green 1966] [Greenwood et al. 1970] [Gregg 1988] [Gregorek 1976] [Grenda et al. 1991] [Grodzovskii 1968] [Gröning et al. 2016] [Gummadidala et al. 2025] [Guobiao et al. 2007] [Habiballah et al. 1992b] [Hadjadj and Onofri 2009] [Hadjadj et al. 1997] [Haidinger et al. 1998] [Hamed and Vogiatzis 1995] [Hamed and Vogiatzis 1997] [Hamed and Vogiatzis 1998] [Hamed et al. 1997] [Hammad and Naraghi 1989] [Hannum et al. 1976] [Harari 2026] [Hargus et al. 2018] [Harisrinivasan et al. 2018] [Harvazinski 2021] [Harvazinski and Houba 2022] [Harvazinski and Houba 2023] [Hauptman 1965] [Hauptman and Fine 1967] [Heidmann and Priem 1953] [Heister 2008] [Hendershot 1970] [Herbertz et al. 2001] [Herbertz et al. 2012] [Hermina 1986] [Herud and Carey 1987] [Hiers and Knapke 2019] [Hiers et al. 2003] [Himmell and Trulio 1974] [Hisler 1965] [Ho 1992] [Ho et al. 1989] [Hodge and Taylor 1991] [Hoertel 1961] [Hoff 1967] [Hohn and Guelhan 2015] [Holcomb 1989] [Holster 1973] [Hopkins et al. 1972] [Hornstein 1965] [Hosack and Stromsta 1969] [Houba and Harvazinski 2021] [Houba and Harvazinski 2022] [Houser 1972] [Hu et al. 2024] [Hu et al. 2026] [Huang 1985] [Huang et al. 2000] [Huang et al. 2023] [Huang et al. 2024b] [Huang et al. 2024c] [Huerta 1969] [Hulka 2008] [Hunley 2008c] [Hunley 2008a] [Hussein et al. 2026] [Hutt and Cramer 1996] [Huynh et al. 1992] [Hyde and Argueta 2025] [Idzorek 1988] [Imbaratto] [Immich et al. 2001] [Improvements in Rocket Engine 1984] [МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана and Александренков 2017] [Injector Head for RD-170 2007] [МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана and Короткая 2016] [Instability Phenomenology and Case 1995d] [Instability Phenomenology and Case 1995a] [Introduction to Liquid-Propellant Rocket 1992] [Irvine et al. 1960] [Jacob et al. 2010] [James 1981] [Janardan et al. 1974] [Janardan et al. 1979] [Japan’s Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine 2006] [Jeng and Litchford 1991] [Jenkins 1990] [Jensen 2005] [Jensen and Jones 1981] [Jensen and Wilson 1975] [Jha 2024] [Jia et al. 2015] [Jiang et al. 2025b] [Jiao et al. 2024] [Jin 2025] [Jin et al. 2024] [Johnson and Papamoschou 2008] [Johnson and Papamoschou 2010] [Jones and Knauss 1965] [Jones et al. 2006] [Jurado et al. 1990] [Kacynski et al. 1987] [Kamat 2025] [Kanda 2019] [Kanda et al. 2023] [Kandula 2008] [Kang et al. 2018] [Kasahara et al. 2019] [Kasper 1977] [Kasper 1985] [Kassoy 2013] [Kaufman 1980] [Kaufman 1985] [Kawano et al. 2023] [Kazaroff and Pavli 1990] [Keanini et al. 2011] [Keast 1961] [Keller et al. 2024] [Kendall and Rindal 1964] [Khaled and Khadidja 2021] [Khalimonov et al. 2024] [Khan and Kumar 2018] [Khan and Qamar 2019] [Khobragade et al. 2019] [Kim 1991] [Kim et al. 1992] [Kim et al. 2004] [Kim et al. 2017] [King 1966] [King 1972] [King and Salvaggi 1975] [Kirshina et al. 2022] [Klevatt 1995] [Knab et al. 2009] [Kobayashi et al. 2011] [Mkrtchyan 2023] [Kochetkov and Mkrtchyan 2024] [Koelle 1998] [Koelle 1999] [Kolesovas and Svitra 1976] [Koppenwallner 2001] [Kornuta and Guo 2008] [Koyagi et al. 2021] [Kozlov et al. 1996] [Kozlov et al. 1999] [Kozuma et al. 1983] [Kretschmar 1953] [Krieger 1951] [Krishna 2020] [Kukushkin and Ivanchenko 1993] [Kumar and Bansal 2024] [Kumar et al. 2014] [Kumar et al. 2026] [Kushida et al. 1987] [Kutepov et al. 2026] [Kutin and Kutin 1997] [Kuznetsov 1993] [Kwak and Kiris 2010] [Kwan and Stark 2002] [LaBotz and Ewen 1982] [Lacombe et al. 2009] [Lacovic 1977] [Lankford 1987] [Lankford et al. 1992] [Laroche et al. 2000] [Lawhead and Combs 1963] [Lawrence et al. 2001] [Lawver et al. 1984] [Lee 2018] [Lee 2026] [Lee and Yoon 2002] [Lee et al. 1953] [Lee et al. 2015] [Lee et al. 2020b] [Lee et al. 2021] [Lefrançois 2011] [Lefrançois et al. 2000] [LeMoyne 2005] [LeMoyne 2006] [Leonardi et al. 2019] [Lesieutre 2017] [Levine 1965] [Lewis and Harrison 1961] [Li and Guo 2022] [Li et al. 2020a] [Li et al. 2026d] [Liang et al. 1986] [Liang et al. 2022b] [Lijo et al. 2010] [Liquid Bipropellant Injectors 2004] [Liquid propellant rocket engines] [Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 2006a] [Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 2006b] [Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 2006e] [Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 2006c] [Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines 2006d] [Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine Organizations 2006] [Liquid Rocket Disconnects Couplings 1976] [Anderson and Yang 1995] [Rezende 2018a] [Liquid Rocket Engines 2019] [Popp et al. 2004] [Liquid-Propellant Droplet Vaporization 2004] [Litchford and Jeng 1992] [Liu and Khine 2020] [Liu and Qizhi 1996] [Liu and Zhang 2000] [Liu et al. 1995] [Liu et al. 1996] [Liu et al. 2019b] [Liu et al. 2021] [Liu et al. 2023d] [Liu et al. 2023c] [Liu et al. 2024b] [Lohr and Trinh 1992] [Low Frequency Oscillations 2008] [Luchikhina and Tonkov 2016] [Luchikhina and Tonkov 2017] [Luke and Adams 1992] [Lux et al. 2008] [Lv et al. 2023b] [Lympany and Ahuja 2017] [Lyu et al. 2025] [Mathesius et al. 2025a] [Mayer 1961] [Muthaiah et al. 2023] [Maeding et al. 2011] [Magalhães and Brójo 2024] [Maheswari et al. 2025] [Maicke 2015] [Maicke 2018] [Makhija et al. 2024] [Malik and Tagirov 1988] [Manda 1966] [Mane 2022] [Mani et al. 2000] [Manski and Martin 1988] [Mantler et al. 1953] [Marchal] [Marongui and White 1987] [Martelli et al. 2010] [Martelli et al. 2017b] [Martelli et al. 2017a] [Martelli et al. 2019] [Martelli et al. 2020] [Martin 1989] [Martinez-Sanchis et al. 2023] [Maskery et al. 1995] [Masters and Aukerman 1982] [Mathieu et al. 1990] [Matveev et al. 2018] [Mayer 1959] [Mayer and Kruelle 1992] [Mayer and Krulle 2023] [McAmis et al. 1991] [McCormack 1964] [McGall 1967] [Mehta 1981] [Mehta 2025] [Mehta et al. 2023] [Meinköhn 2001] [Meisl 1986] [Meisl 1988] [Merits of Liquid Propellant 2006] [Metal Combustion in Deflagrating 1960] [Micci 1997] [Mickola 1961] [Millard et al. 1992] [Miller 1974b] [Miller 1974c] [Miller et al. 1983] [Miller et al. 1984a] [Miller et al. 1984b] [Mirzamoghadam 1991] [Mishina et al. 2020] [Mishra 2017a] [Mishra 2017c] [Mishra 2017b] [Mishra 2017d] [Miyajima et al. 1983] [Miyazato et al. 1995] [Mkrtchyan and Kochetkov 2021] [Modeling Liquid-Propellant Spray Combustion 2004] [Moiseev et al. 2004] [Molchanov and Platov 2010] [Montre] [Moody and Nakai 1965] [Moore 1993] [Morozov and de la Beaujardiere 2009] [Morrell 1956] [Moshfegh et al. 2009] [Mouis et al. 1995] [Mueller et al. 1991] [Mullaly et al. 1975] [Multhaup 1967] [Multiaxial Force/Torque Measurement 2010] [Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis 2023] [Munro 2022] [Murai et al. 2018] [Murata and Sakai 1973] [Murdock and Welle 1999] [Murdock and Welle 2001] [Murugesan et al. 2023] [Muthaiah et al. 2025] [Müller et al. 2017] [Nachtrieb 1992] [Nagler 2026] [Nak] [Nallasamy et al. 2008] [Naraghi and Armstrong 1988] [Rezende 2018b] [Nardo and Sadler 1962] [Navaneethan et al. 2024] [Nave and Coffey 1973] [Negishi et al. 2008] [Negishi et al. 2011] [Nesbitt 1946] [Nesbitt 1990] [Netzel et al. 2025] [Newton 1965] [Nguyen and Sirignano 2018] [Nguyen and Sirignano 2019] [Nguyen et al. 2003] [Nguyen et al. 2017] [Nie and Liu 2011b] [Nie and Liu 2012] [Niu et al. 2022a] [Norman et al. 1989] [Norris 1979] [Numerical Investigation on Thrust 2023] [Numerical Method and Simulations 2016] [Numerical Simulation of High-Frequency 1996] [Nurick 1974] [O’Brien and Farrell 2003] [Oestlund et al. 2001] [Ojeda et al. 2017] [Okano and Haga 2026] [Olds 1996] [de Oliveira et al. 2025] [Oliver and Stephanou 1963] [Olsen 1979] [Olson and Lele 2012] [Olson and Lele 2013] [Oman and Calia 1973] [Omata et al. 2022] [Onel et al. 2019] [Ornob et al. 2025] [Ornob et al. 2026b] [Ornob et al. 2026a] [Osterholt and Knox 2011] [Ostlund and Jaran 1999] [Otsubo et al. 2008] [Pan et al. 2023] [Papamoschou and Johnson 2006] [Papamoschou and Zill 2004] [Park 2004] [Park and Ahn 2020] [Park et al. 2014] [Parkash and Sharda 2023] [Patel et al. 2025] [Pauckert and Tobin 1975b] [Pauckert and Tobin 1975a] [Pavelitz and Anderson 1995] [Pearson 1962] [Pearson 1981] [Pekkari 1994] [Peng et al. 2025] [Penn and Slaton 2010] [Penner and Datner 1955] [Perakis and Haidn 2019] [Perakis et al. 2019] [Perez 1964] [Peri 2021] [Perigo et al. 2003] [Perrot and Hadjadj 2006] [Pfeifer 2009] [Physical Mechanism and Numerical 2016] [Piergallini and Stoll 1980] [Piesik and Roberts 1969] [Pilinski and Nebbache 2004] [Piotr et al. 2019] [Piquet] [Pizzarelli 2021b] [Pizzarelli 2021a] [Pizzarelli and Battista 2023] [Pizzarelli et al. 2014] [Platov and Nikolayshvili 2016] [Platov et al. 2003] [Platov et al. 2004] [Platov et al. 2011] [PlEPER et al. 1967] [Ponomarev et al. 2009] [Ponomaryov et al. 1997] [Popov et al. 2013] [Popov et al. 2014b] [Popov et al. 2015] [Popov et al. 2016] [Pouliquen and Gill 1979] [Pritz and Schoner 1972] [Mkrtchyan 2024] [Propellant Ignition by High 1960] [Propellant Injection Systems 2004] [Prozan and Luke 1999] [Przekwas et al. 1986] [Pshenychka 2026] [Pérez Roca] [Qi et al. 2022] [Quentmeyer 1990] [Quentmeyer et al. 1978] [Kala et al. 2027] [Radhakrishnan et al. 2018] [Radke] [Radke et al. 2014] [Rahn et al. 2019] [Rajan and Narasimhan 2005] [Ramamurthi and Jayashree 1992] [Ramsey et al. 2011a] [Ramsey et al. 2011b] [Rapp 1993] [Reardon 1997] [Reardon and Nelson 1993] [Reardon et al. 1964] [Reed 1993] [Reijasse 2002] [Reijasse et al. 1999] [Reijasse et al. 2001b] [Reijasse et al. 2001a] [Reis et al. 2019] [Remiddi et al. 2023] [Ren et al. 2017] [Ren et al. 2023] [Rice et al. 2010] [Rieger et al. 1975] [Roberts 2023] [Robertson and Loftus 1958] [Rock and Habchi 1997] [Rocket Engine Nozzle Concepts 2004] [Rocket Engine Propulsion ‘System 1992] [Rocket Nozzle Comprising Pyrolytic 1978] [Rocket Nozzle Performance 2019] [Rogers 1953] [Romine 1998] [Rose 1958] [Rosenberg et al. 1962] [Rudinskii and Yagodnikov 2021] [Ruf et al. 2009] [Ruf et al. 2010] [Rumsey and Lee 1958] [Rupert 1965] [Rupert 1967] [Sabirzyanov et al. 2018] [Saha 1976] [Sainte-Rose et al. 2012] [Sakaki et al. 2018] [Sanal Kumar et al. 2016] [Sandfry et al] [Sanger 1936] [Sankar et al. 1991] [Sankar et al. 2017] [Sankar et al. 2023] [Santolini and Paravan 2024] [Sanz 1948] [Sarotte] [Sato et al. 2018] [Sattelmayer et al. 2015] [Schadow 1970] [Scheer 1980] [Scheller and Bierlein 1953] [Schenck 1949] [Schmidt 1983] [Schoenman 1982] [Schoenman 1993] [Schoenman and Block 1968] [Schomberg et al. 2014] [Scott 1963] [Seiner and Gilinsky 1995] [Seitz and Gerlinger 2021] [Sellam et al. 2013] [Sellers 1961] [Semenov 2003] [Senchev et al. 2022] [Senol and Romine 1984] [Sergeant 1965] [Sergienko 1993] [Seshime et al. 2026] [Shadram et al. 2019] [Shaidullin et al. 2021] [Shelley et al. 2001] [Shi 1999] [Shi 2005] [Shi et al. 2017] [Shi et al. 2024] [Shibato and Kuroda 2005] [Shimizu et al. 2008] [Shoyama and Hirakawa 2024] [Sibulkin 1956] [Sierra et al. 2017] [Silnikov and Chernyshov 2017b] [Silnikov and Chernyshov 2017a] [Simons 1972] [Sinha et al. 2002] [Sirignano and Krieg 2016] [Sirignano and Popov 2013] [Sliusariev 2025] [Smalley et al. 2007] [Smith 1983] [Smith 1988] [Smith and Ferrell 1964] [Smith et al. 1987] [Snyder and Thompson 1971] [Sofyan and Wuwung 2018] [Sohn et al. 2004] [Son et al. 2015] [Son et al. 2016] [Son et al. 2023] [Song et al. 2021a] [Song et al. 2022b] [Sozen et al. 2008] [Space systems � Measured] [Space systems. The measured] [Spalding 1979] [Sribonfha et al. 2012] [Sridhar et al. 2023] [Sriganapathy et al. 2022] [Stability Testing Methodology 1995] [Stark 2005] [Stark 2013] [Stark and Genin 2012b] [Stark and Genin 2012a] [Stark and Génin 2011] [Stark and Génin 2016b] [Stark and Génin 2016a] [Stark and Génin 2017] [Starkey et al. 2014] [Staschus and Frederick 2016] [Stechman 1984] [Sternfeld 1972] [Sternfeld 1978] [Stone 1953, Data Collection] [Stone 1957, Revised Collection] [Strauss 1964] [Striapan 2026] [Stuber et al. 2012] [Sumathi and Usha 2014] [Summerfield 1951a] [Summerfield 1951b] [Summerfield 1960a] [Sun et al. 2019] [Sun et al. 2024b] [Sun et al. 2025] [Sung and Choi 2026] [Sung et al. 1992] [Sung et al. 2025] [Survey of Rocket Propellants 1984] [Sutton 1968] [Sutton 1970] [Sutton 2006b] [TabeJamaat and Pezeshki 2004] [Talley 2002] [Tannehill] [Tannehill and Anderson 1971] [Tassa et al. 1989] [Tavares and Ceotto 2021] [Taylor 1968] [Taylor 1970] [Tcherak et al. 2026] [Tellier 1964] [Tempelman 1972] [Terhardt et al. 2001] [Thapa 2023] [The Model of Combustion 2016] [Thermodynamic Power Cycles 2004] [Thibaudeau and Whitmore 2026] [Thompson 1967] [Thompson 2022] [Thomson 1961] [Thongsri et al. 2022] [Thornburg 2002] [Tian 2026] [Tilekar et al. 2026] [Tkacik et al. 2010] [Tobey and Bastress 1966] [Tobin and Pauckert 1974] [Tomita et al. 2001] [Tomita et al. 2002] [Tomita et al. 2003] [Tomita et al. 2005] [Tomita et al. 2007] [Tomsik 1994] [Toohey 2003] [Tou et al. 1978] [Toufique Hasan 2014] [Toyama 2005] [Tripropellant Engine Technology 2004] [Trivedi et al. 2024] [Tsigaridis et al. 2026] [Tsohas and Heister 2009] [Tsuchiya 1961] [Tucker et al. 1993] [Twardy 1975] [Uemura] [Umeoka et al. 2021] [Uncertainty in Conversion 2007] [Urbano et al. 2016] [Uskov and Chernyshov 2006] [Vishwajith 2024] [Platov 2011] [Variable Thrust Rocket Engines 1960] [Vemula et al. 2018] [Venkateswaran et al. 1991] [Ventrice et al. 1979b] [Ventrice et al. 1979a] [Verma 2002] [Verma and Ciezki 2003] [Verma and Haidn 2005] [Verma and Haidn 2006] [Verma and Haidn 2007] [Verma and Haidn 2009] [Verma and Haidn 2010b] [Verma and Haidn 2010a] [Verma and Haidn 2020] [Verma et al. 2006] [Victor 1979] [Viventi 1961] [Wadia and Wilson 1981] [Wahlen 1995] [Wang 1993a] [Wang 2004] [Wang 2006] [Wang 2016] [Wang and Guidos 2008] [Wang and Guidos 2009] [Wang and Luong 1994] [Wang and Van 1992] [Wang and Zhang 2022] [Wang et al. 2006] [Wang et al. 2010b] [Wang et al. 2012] [Wang et al. 2013c] [Wang et al. 2013b] [Wang et al. 2022b] [Warfield and Henke 1989] [Watanabe et al. 2004] [Webb 1967] [Wehofer 1963] [Wei et al. 2023c] [Weiss and Merkle 1991] [Weiss et al. 1991] [Weiss et al. 2007] [Welle et al. 2003] [Welsh and Witte 1962] [Welton et al. 1963] [Wennerberg and Knab 2001] [Wijaya et al. 2021] [Wilcox] [Williams 1968] [Williams 2004b] [Williams 2004a] [Wilson 1976] [Wilson 1966] [Wise and Frech 1950] [Witte and Harper 1963] [Wong and Brown 1965] [Wong and Brown 1968] [Woodroffe 1975] [Wu et al. 1996b] [Wu et al. 1996a] [Wu et al. 2003] [Wu et al. 2026a] [Wurster and Boyer 1974] [Wurster et al. 1989] [Xia and Schwane 2004] [Xiao et al. 2007b] [Xiao et al. 2007a] [Xing et al. 2010] [Xing et al. 2011] [Xiong 2018] [Xiong et al. 2020b] [Xiong et al. 2020a] [Xiong et al. 2022] [Xiong et al. 2024] [Xu 2006] [Xu et al. 2002] [Xu et al. 2006] [Xue et al. 2025] [Yang 2004] [Yang et al. 2009] [Yang et al. 2023b] [Yao et al. 2022] [Yaravintelimath et al. 2016] [Yatsuyanagi 2006] [Yatsuyanagi et al. 1985] [Yetter et al. 2008] [Yonezawa et al. 2005] [Yonezawa et al. 2006] [Yonezawa et al. 2007b] [Yonezawa et al. 2007a] [Yoon et al. 2011] [Yoshinaga et al. 2006] [Yost 1978] [Yu et al. 2014a] [Yu et al. 2023] [Yu et al. 2024a] [Yu et al. 2024b] [Yu et al. 2025b] [Yu et al. 2026b] [Yue and Wang 2025] [Yuhui and Zhenguo 2002] [Zachary Muckler 2022] [Zagorski et al. 2018] [Zaheer et al. 2023] [Zebiri et al. 2019] [Zebiri et al. 2020] [Zerjeski 2003] [Zhan et al. 2024] [Zhang 1984] [Zhang 2011] [Zhang et al. 2022c] [Zhang et al. 2024f] [Zhao et al. 2024] [Zheng et al. 2015] [Zhou et al. 2021a] [Zhou et al. 2021b] [Zhu et al. 2013] [Zhu et al. 2019] [Zhu et al. 2025c] [Zhu et al. 2026] [Zhuang et al. 1998] [Zhukov and Heinrich 2019] [Zimmer et al. 2026] [Zinn 1968] [Zinn and Powell 1971] [Zinn and Savell 1969] [Zirkind 1967] [Zmijanovic] [Zmijanovic et al. 2016] [Zoby and Rumsey 1971] [Östlund et al. 2004]

Solid and hybrid motors and the booster

The booster’s technology and the hybrid alternative. Solid propellant combustion, burning rate and its pressure exponent, grain design, erosive burning, combustion instability, nozzle erosion, and hybrid motor regression rate.

999 records. [A Method of Strength 1960] [A Theoretical Study 1960] [A Theory of Oscillatory 1960] [Banacka et al. 2024] [Bansal et al. 2025] [Barato 2021] [Bhanji 2022] [Dai et al. 2022] [Dave et al. 2022] [Fakhruddin et al. 2026] [Hanafi et al. 2021] [Jadhav et al. 2022] [Kim and Kim 2026] [Kishore Nath and Mallesham 2023] [Lee 2023] [Li and Zhou 2024] [Liang et al. 2025b] [Liu et al. 2023b] [Lu et al. 2024] [Marchese et al. 1972] [Mathesius et al. 2025b] [Miller et al. 2023] [Mohatkar 2024] [Osheku et al. 2019] [Abdelaziz et al. 2018] [AbdelGawad and Guozhu 2022] [Abdelmaksoud et al. 2025] [Adams 1989] [Aditi Atul Hiray et al. 2025] [Aerojet-General Corp Sacramento Ca 1962] [Ahmad 2001] [Akyuzlu and Albayrak 2011] [Alanyalioglu 2017] [Alazeezi and Elek 2019] [Albanese et al. 2012] [Allan et al. 1966] [Allen 1981] [Alt and Tosh 1976a] [Alt and Tosh 1976b] [Alves Avelino and Chalhub 2021] [Alzain and Abuuznien 2019] [Amano 2024] [Amano 2026] [Amano and Xiao 2008] [Amano et al. 2014] [An Experimental Investigation 1960] [Analytical Models for Hybrid 2007] [Anderson et al. 1964b] [Angelus 1964] [Applications of Combustion-Stability Technology 1992] [Araujo et al. 2017] [Arnett 1993] [Atlantic Research Corp Alexandria VA 1962] [Atwood et al. 2013] [Aungst 1964] [Ayres 1962] [Ayris and Petrovic 1990] [Azami et al. 2023a] [Azami et al. 2023b] [Bachrach 1987] [Backlund and Park 1989] [Baczynski 2022] [Baczynski and Greatrix 2008] [Baer and Ryan 1964] [Baetz 1975] [Baetz 1976] [Baiserikov et al. 2025] [Baker 1995] [Baltrukonis 1967] [Bancroft and Williams 1981] [Banerjee and Coppey 1975] [Barato et al. 2021] [Barthelemy et al. 1987] [Barthelemy et al. 1988] [Baum and Levine 1982] [Baum and Levine 1984] [Beddini 1980] [Beighley and Cheatham 1953] [Benderskii and Chernova 2022] [Benderskyi and Chernova 2020] [Bergman and Jessen 1971] [Bergman et al. 1981] [Berman and Cheney 1953] [Berman and Logan 1952] [Bheary 2026] [Bianchi and Neri 2015] [Billheimer 1968] [Billheimer and Dudley 1968] [Bills and Eriksson 1965] [Bing 1989] [Birch] [Bizot 1995] [Black et al. 1965] [Blomshield 2007] [Blomshield and Bicker 1996] [Boden 1951] [Bolton and Cook 2003] [Bondarenko et al. 2026] [Bonnell 1964] [Bono et al. 1964] [Borovskoi and Vorozhtsov 1995] [Bose and Pandey 2012] [Boury and Filipuzzi 2001] [Bowman 1967] [Bozic and Blagojevic, cin, Bozid 1995] [Bradley 1975] [Bradley et al. 1964] [Brennen] [Brooks 1976] [Brown 1983] [Browne 1964] [Brownlee 1963] [Brownlee and Roberts 1963] [Bruno et al. 1985] [Bryant 1989] [Bua 1963] [Budzinski et al. 2020] [Bujes 1962] [Bunker and Prince 1992] [Burning Mechanism of Ammonium 1960] [Burning Rate Characteristics 2000] [Burning-Rate Prediction of Double-Base 2000] [Burning-Rate Response Functions 2000] [Burt and Boyd 2007a] [Burt and Boyd 2007b] [Bussiere and Prel 1994] [Cai and Hou 1990] [Cai et al. 2008] [Cai et al. 2013b] [Cai et al. 2013a] [Cai et al. 2017] [Cai et al. 2020] [Calculation of Pressure 2017] [Caledonia 1991] [Call and Mason 1990] [Call and Mason 1992] [Campbell 1962] [Campbell 1965a] [Candler 2001] [Cannizzo 1997] [Cao et al. 2017a] [Carbon/carbon Rocket Motor Exit 1985] [Casalino et al. 2009] [Casalino et al. 2019] [Case 2008] [Casey 1995] [Cavallini et al. 2016] [Caveny et al. 1979] [Cecil and Majdalani 2017] [Cecil and Majdalani 2019] [Cha and de Oliveira 2022] [Challenges of Hybrid Rocket 2007] [Chandler Karp and Jens 2024] [Chang 1990] [Chang 1991] [Chang and Nielsen 1990] [Chaouat and Vuillot 1992] [Chaudhry et al. 2026] [Chaverini et al. 1998] [Chelaru and Mingireanu 2011] [Chelner 2002] [Chelner 2003] [Chen 2008] [Chen 2019] [Chen and Mahmuda 2024] [Chen and Wu 2018] [Chen et al. 2012b] [Cheng 1961] [Cheng 1985] [Cheng et al. 2025] [Cheung et al. 1964] [Chia] [Chiaverini et al. 1996] [Chiaverini et al. 2001] [Chiba et al. 2015] [Chiba et al. 2016b] [Choi et al. 2009] [Christensen 1978] [Christensen 1991] [Ciancaglio Netto et al. 2025] [Claffy 1963] [Clegern 1994] [Cline and Wilmoth 1984] [Clout] [Coates 1971] [Coats 1981] [Cocirla et al. 2025] [Collected Reports 1988] [Colombier and Pollet 1991] [Colucci 1960] [Combustion Dynamics of Homogenous 2000] [Combustion in a Rocket 2001] [Combustion Instability and Transient 2007] [Combustion Instability in Solid 1960] [Combustion of Aluminum Particles 2000] [Common Cause Case Study 2006] [Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling 2007] [Cook and Gruet 2003] [Coron 1978] [Correlation of Parameters 2016] [Cosstephens 1995] [Cosyn et al. 2003] [Cosyn et al. 2005] [Counter and Brinton 1975] [Couroneau et al. 2009] [Crapiz 1990] [Crawford 1998] [Crocco 1952] [Crocco and Cheng 1953] [Crocco et al. 1962] [Crockett and Birch 1994] [Crockett and Birch 1995] [Crump and Price 1964] [Cui 2024] [cui et al 2022] [Cui et al. 2026] [Culick 1970] [Culick 1971] [Culick 1972] [Culick 1973] [Culick 1976] [Culver and Rinehart 1964] [Cunha Martins et al. 2025] [D’Elia] [Dabanović et al. 2022] [Dabanović et al. 2024] [Daines and Boyd 1977] [Daines et al. 1974] [Darwell and Leeming 1965] [Davis and Jones 1974] [de Andrade Janene Gonini et al. 2021] [de Araujo et al. 2016] [Sakr 2021] [Račkauskas et al. 2019] [Schmidt et al. 2026] [De Soto and Friedman 1964] [Delannoy and Loubere 1987] [DeLuca and Annovazzi 2024] [Denker 1969b] [Dennis et al. 2009] [Denny and Frederick 2015] [Dhanasekaran and Ramanan 2019] [Dhandapani et al. 2020] [Dhandapani et al. 2023] [Dicken and Thacher 1964] [Didier et al. 2012] [Dinesh and Kumar 2022b] [Dinesh and Kumar 2022a] [Do et al. 2018] [Dobrodomov 2025] [Dobrodomov et al. 2026] [Donat 1993] [Doran et al. 2007] [Doriath 1997] [Dotson et al. 1995] [Dotson et al. 2001] [Doyle 2000] [Draim and Stalzer 1960] [Dubrow et al. 1964] [Dunn et al. 2018] [Durin et al. 2011] [Dyer and Warner 1971] [Dynamic Real-Time Radiography 1989] [Dzik et al. 2024] [Eaton and Mathias 2000] [Effect of Acoustic Oscillation 2000] [Effect of Swirling 1994] [El-Nady et al. 2015b] [El-Nady et al. 2015a] [El-Nady et al. 2017a] [El-Nady et al. 2017b] [Elchert 1982] [Elkshen et al. 2020] [Ellis et al. 1953] [Elston 1963] [Endo et al. 1995] [Engine Rocket, Solid Propellant] [Ergin et al. 2024] [Estey and Whittinghill 1992] [Estler 1989] [Evans and Smith 1978] [Evans et al. 2003] [Evans et al. 2005] [Evans et al. 2007] [Evans et al. 2009] [Excelco Developments INC Silver Creek NY 1963] [Experimental Investigations of Unstable 1960] [External Autoignition Test 1986] [Fabiani et al. 2024] [Fabignon 1993] [Fabrizi and Annovazzi 1989] [Fachini-Filho et al. 1986] [Felix et al. 1965] [Feodosiev and Siniarev 1959a] [Feodosiev and Siniarev 1959c] [Filimonov 1968] [Fishel 1979] [Fishel 1981] [Fishel 1982] [Fishman 1965] [Fitzgerald 1968] [Flanagan et al. 1995] [Flandro et al. 2004b] [Flandro et al. 2007] [Flores and Gurkin 1982] [Fong et al. 1964] [Fontenot 1965] [Forde et al. 2006] [Formation of Condensed Combustion 2000] [Foster and Shu 1986] [Foster et al. 1981] [Fragola et al] [Francis and Thompson 1980] [French et al. 2007] [French et al. 2017] [Fuchs 1989] [Fuentes and Thirkill 1964] [Fukushima et al. 1992] [Fukushima et al. 2024] [Kuo and Chiaverini 2007] [Saravanan et al. 2021] [Gaffin 1977] [Galfetti et al. 2016] [Gallo et al. 2024a] [Gallo et al. 2024b] [Gallo et al. 2025] [Gambrell 1995] [Gany et al. 1977] [Gany et al. 1978] [Gao et al. 1999] [Gao et al. 2022a] [Gawlik and Riester 1970] [Geisler 1993] [Genot 2021] [Gibby 1964] [Gill et al. 1958] [Glaser] [Glatt 1961] [Glick and Osborn 1982] [Goldey et al. 1996] [Gonini et al. 2023] [Gonthier and Tauzia 1985] [Gordon 1950] [Graham 2010] [Grain Design and Development 1960] [Grain Design and Geometrical 2024] [Grant et al. 1964] [Greatrix 1995a] [Greatrix 1995b] [Greatrix 2004] [Greatrix 2008] [Greatrix 2009] [Greatrix 2011] [Greatrix 2012b] [Greatrix 2012d] [Greatrix 2013a] [Greatrix 2013b] [Greatrix 2014] [Greatrix 2018] [Greatrix 2021b] [Greatrix 2021c] [Greatrix 2021a] [Green 1963] [Greiner and Frederick 1992] [Grey 1953] [Grey 1954] [Grieb] [Grosse 2009] [Grossi et al. 2023] [Grubelich et al. 1993] [Ha and Kim 2022] [Hackett and Juruf 1976] [Hahn 1964] [Haloulakos 1991] [Hao et al. 2020] [Haqq 2020] [Hardesty 1970] [Harris 1963] [Harrje 1959] [Harrje and Sirignano 1966] [Harry 1992] [Hart and McClure 1965] [Harwell and Farmer 1978] [Haugen 1998] [Heat Transfer Measurements 1994] [Heat Transfer Stability Analysis 1960] [Heister 1993] [Helman et al. 1974] [Helmy 1994] [Hermance 1961] [Hermsen 1981] [Herrington 1964] [Hertzelle and Waite 1996] [Hessler 1980] [Hessler and Glick 2000] [Heyborne 1993] [High-Speed Flow Effects 2007] [Hilton 1977] [Hitt 2018] [Hitt 2019] [Hitt 2021] [Hitt and Frederick 2017] [Hitt et al. 2020] [Horowitz et al. 2008] [Horton and Rice 1964] [Horton 1964] [Horwill] [Hu et al. 1994] [Hybrid Rocket Engines 2019] [Hybrid Rocket Propulsion 1991] [Hyde 2002] [Imafuku et al. 2018] [Ingenito 2019] [Inman and Trowbridge 1978] [Instrumentation for Research 1960] [Introductory Considerations on Hybrid 1964] [Ishibashi et al. 1995] [Isochi et al. 2013] [Jacob 2008] [Jacob and Flandro 2008] [Jacobs and Yeager 1975] [Jacques 1979] [Jacques and Roux 1983] [James and Williams 1966] [James and Young 1964] [Javed and Chakraborty 2014] [Javed and Chakraborty 2015] [Jenab et al. 2015] [Jens et al. 2014] [Jens et al. 2015] [Jeremic 2004] [Jesen 1977] [Ji and Wang 2019] [Ji et al. 2020] [Jia 1987] [Jingdong et al. 2019] [Johnson and L’Ecuyer 1968] [Johnson and L’Ecuyer 1970] [Johnson et al. 2007] [Jojic and Blagojevic 1976] [Jolley et al. 1985] [Jolley et al. 1986] [Jonathan 2018] [Jones and Zoller 1989] [Joyce and Snyder 2009] [Kageyama et al. 2019] [Kamps et al. 2017] [Kamps et al. 2019] [Kanazaki et al. 2017] [Kandula et al. 2002] [Kanner and Hamlin 2006] [Kanner and Hengel 2001] [Kanner and Reinarts 2001] [Kanner et al. 2011] [Kapp 1978] [Karnesky and Colucci 1973] [Karthikeyan and Shimada 2016] [Karthikeyan et al. 2016] [Kassoy 1997] [Kavanaugh and Nichols 1980] [Keefe et al. 1982] [Kenny et al. 2009] [Ketner and Hess 1979] [Kibbey 2024] [Kierski et al. 2023] [Kim and Lee 2011] [Kim et al. 2009] [Kim et al. 2010] [Kim et al. 2011c] [Kim et al. 2011b] [Kim et al. 2020b] [King 1982] [King 1985] [King 2009] [Kingsbury and Vinson 1965] [Kirby and Van Vooren 1964] [Knauber 1995b] [Knauber 1995a] [Knauber 1996b] [Knauber 1996a] [Kniffen 1992] [Knuth et al. 1999] [Ko and Schuster 1983] [Ko et al. 1999] [Kobald et al. 2017] [Koch et al. 2021] [Koda et al. 2013] [Kordig and Fuller 1967] [Korting and Reitsma 1985] [Krier 1972] [Kross et al. 1983] [Kruse 1965] [Kubota and Kimura 1976] [Kubota and Kimura 1977] [Kuby 1964] [Kulkarni et al. 1980] [Kumar and Hermance 1971] [Kumar and Ramakrishna 2014] [Kumar Bihari et al. 2022] [Kuo et al. 1993] [Lach 1989] [Lambert et al. 1974] [Langhenry and Parks 1991] [Langill 1965] [Large-Scale Hybrid Motor Testing 2007] [Larson 1987] [Lavy and Bialik 1988] [Lawrence 1945] [Leadbetter et al. 1976] [Lee 1963] [Lee 1964] [Lee 2012] [Lee and Lee 2015] [Lee et al. 2011] [Leighton 1982] [Lemberger et al. 1991] [Lemoine 1975] [Lessey 1989] [Levine and Baum 1982] [Levy 1968] [Li and Cheng 2024] [Li et al. 2014b] [Li et al. 2014c] [Li et al. 2015] [Li et al. 2016b] [Li et al. 2020b] [Li et al. 2023d] [Li et al. 2025a] [Li et al. 2026b] [Li et al. 2026a] [Lin and Chiu 1995] [Linear Acoustic Gains 1964] [Lipanov et al. 2020] [Lips 1976] [Liu et al. 2011] [Liu et al. 2018] [Liu et al. 2020a] [Liu et al. 2022c] [Liu et al. 2023g] [Liu et al. 2025c] [Liu et al. 2025e] [Liu et al. 2025b] [Liu et al. 2026d] [Lores and Zinn 1973] [Loughrey] [Louw et al. 2026] [Lu 2021] [Lu et al. 2011] [Luchini et al. 1996] [Luchinsky et al. 2008] [Lucy 1967] [Lucy 1968] [Lui 1996] [Machado 2025] [MacLaren and Trudeau 1993] [Makled 2015] [Makled 2016] [Manea et al. 2009] [Margetson 1978] [Marothiya and Ramakrishna 2017] [Marsh et al. 2021] [Martin 1961] [Marxman 1969] [Marxman and Gilbert 1963] [marxman and Wooldridge 1969] [Mason 1992] [Mason et al. 1979] [Massa 2009] [Mathes 1961] [Matheson 2002] [Mathews et al. 2018] [Matos et al. 2021] [Matos et al. 2022a] [Matos et al. 2022b] [Matsuura 2023] [Matthews 1957] [Mayberry et al. 1968] [McCool et al. 1980] [McDonald 1985] [McDonald 1989b] [McDonald 1989a] [McDonald 2010] [McGinnis and Jordan 1973] [McGrath 1996] [McKenna 1979] [Mead, in B 1995] [Meadors et al. 2000] [Mechanical Properties 1960] [Mechentel and Cantwell 2018] [Mechentel et al. 2017] [Mechentel et al. 2019] [Mechentel et al. 2020] [Meier et al. 2023] [Melcher et al. 1999] [Melcher et al. 2001] [Melcher et al. 2002] [Mendonça de Azevedo et al. 2022] [Meng et al. 2023] [Mengu and Kumar 2024] [Merryman and Smith 1974] [Merryman and Smith 1975] [Metals Energetic Additives 2007] [Meyer 1992] [Miao et al. 2022] [Micci and Caveny 1980] [Michigan Univ Ann Arbor 1963] [Migliorino et al. 2023] [Mikkelsen and Roys 1982] [Millard et al. 1982] [Miller 1966] [Miller and Mitsom 1984] [Milos and Bozic 1998] [Mingireanu 2016] [Mishra 2017e] [Misterek et al. 1991] [Misterek et al. 1993] [Mitchell 1992] [Mitchell and Ryan 1964] [Mitchell et al. 1969] [Mittal et al. 2026] [Modelling Nonsteady Combustion 2020] [Montesano 2021] [Moody 1970] [Moon and Lee 2024] [Moore 1963] [Moore et al. 2006] [Moore et al. 2007] [Moore et al. 2011] [Mori and Onoda 1979] [Morita 1964] [Morita 2020] [Morita et al. 1981] [Morita et al. 2012a] [Morita et al. 2012b] [Morita et al. 2013b] [Morita et al. 2013a] [Moser and Keith 1992] [Mouri et al. 1995] [Moustafa et al. 2012] [Murakami et al. 2020] [Murph 1980] [Murphy and Wall 1966] [Murthy and Osborn 1965] [Nagata and Ito 2014] [Nagy 1965] [Naka 2021] [Nakagawa and Yasuda 2019] [Nakahashi et al. 2002] [Naoumov et al. 2025] [Narsai et al. 2015] [Narsai et al. 2016] [Nath 2016] [Neely and Veit 1974] [Nelius and Harris 1965] [Nelson] [Nelson and Fields 1995] [Nemeth and Anderson 1989] [Nemeth and Anderson 1990] [Nevins 1975] [Nguyen 2020] [Nguyen 2021] [Nguyen et al. 2025b] [Nicoud et al. 1993] [Nielsen 1966] [Nielsen et al. 2005] [Nikolaishvili et al. 2015] [Nisar and Guoxhu 2008] [Nishii et al. 1989] [Niu et al. 2024] [Nonlinear Effects in Instability 1964] [Novozhilov et al. 2018] [Numerical Simulation of Internal 2018] [Numerical Study 2023] [Odom 1972] [Ogawa et al. 2024] [Okninski 2018] [On the Axial Velocity 1982] [On the Efficiency 2020] [Orbekk 2008] [Osborn and Davis 1961] [Osborn and Schiewe 1958] [Osborne et al. 2001] [Osherov and Natan 1999] [Ostrowski 1979] [Ott 2016] [Ott 2017] [Ottinger and Van Nice 1966a] [Ottinger and Van Nice 1966b] [Overview and History 2007] [Ozawa et al. 2022] [Ozturk et al. 2023] [Pak 1993] [Pal and Ravi Kumar 2015] [Pan et al. 2024] [Pandya 2008] [Paravan 2019] [Paravan et al. 2016] [Parhi et al. 2015] [Park et al. 2016] [Parker and Summerfield 1964] [Pawar et al. 2025] [Penner 1948] [Performance Optimization 2017] [Perlmutter and DePierre 1965] [Persson 1970] [Petek 1964] [Peterson and Garfield 1976] [Petrarolo et al. 2019] [Pilkey and Kenny 2011] [Pires and Alonso 1990] [Plane 1963] [Plane 1964a] [Plane 1964c] [Plane 1964b] [Ponti et al. 2021] [Popov and Sirignano 2015] [Porcelli and Vogel 1978] [Porcelli and Vogel 1979] [Potapkin and Lee 2004] [Poubeau et al. 2015] [Povinelli and Rosenstein 1964] [Prediction of the Stability 1992] [Predoi et al. 2022] [Pressley and Glick 1983] [Pressure Exponent of Controllable 1972] [Price 1953] [Price 1964] [Price 1965] [Price and Dehority 1967] [Princeton Univ Nj 1952] [Prins et al. 1992] [Purcell et al. 1992] [Purinton et al. 2011] [Qiang Cai et al. 2010] [Qin et al. 2006] [Queiroz de Oliveira et al. 2018] [Quero granado] [Quilici 1984] [Raj et al. 2025] [Ramadhan et al. 2024] [Rampazzo and Barato 2023] [Rashkovskii et al. 2009] [Rastogi and Ouseph 1965] [Rastogi and Singh 1978] [Rastogi et al. 1982] [Raza and Liang 2012] [Reid Parmerter 1969] [Resonant Burning of Solid 1960] [Review of Experimental Research 1960] [Review of Solid-Fuel Regression 2007] [Rezaei et al. 2017] [Rhee et al. 2008] [Rice 1979] [Rice et al. 1998] [Risha et al. 2001] [Rivera 1995] [Roberts and Beddini 1989] [Rodriguez and Kalman 2024] [Rothschild and Schuster 1999] [Rout et al. 1978] [Rout et al. 1984] [Rubin et al. 1988] [Ryan et al. 1963] [Vasiliv and Tokareva 2024] [Sabadell and Summerfield 1964] [Saiki et al. 2026c] [Saito et al. 2016] [Sale 1964] [Salinas and Ball 1973] [Salita 1991] [Sambamurthi 1995] [Sammour and Mostafa 2007] [Sana and Raghunandan 1998] [Sanders and Jerman 1993] [Sanders et al. 2020] [Sanders et al. 2022] [Santolini and Paravan 2026] [Sapozhnikov et al. 2021] [Sasso 1989] [Schaefer 1998] [Schlosser 1979] [Schlueter et al. 1993] [Schmidt 1992] [Schoenster and Pierce 1972] [Schorr and Speas 1995] [Schwighamer 1977] [Scippa and Gil 1993] [Sehga 1962] [Seidel 1965] [Sforza 2017] [Shan et al. 2013] [Shanbhogue et al. 2003] [Shankar et al. 2019] [Sharn 1962] [Sheiko 2025] [Sheils and Hartfield 2024] [Sheils et al. 2023] [Shekhar 2009] [Shi et al. 2020] [Shimada et al. 2008] [Shipeng and Wang 2015] [Shoun 1960] [Shu et al. 2025] [Shynkarenko and Cunha Martins 2017] [Siddiqui and Smith 1988] [Similarity and Scaling Effects 2007] [Sivakumar and Palaninathan 2012] [Sivolella 2014] [Smallwood 1966] [Smallwood 1967] [Smelyanskiy et al. 2008] [Smith and Siddiqui 1977] [Smith et al. 1982] [Sobin et al. 1977] [Sola 1989] [Solid Fuel Rocket Motor 1995] [Solid Propellant Ignition Studies 1960] [Solid propellant rocket motors] [Solid Propellant Rocket Motors 1960] [Summerfield 1960b] [Solid Rocket Booster Reliability] [Solid Rocket Combustion Instability-An 1992] [Solid Rocket Motors 2019] [Solid-Fuel Pyrolysis Phenomena 2007a] [Solid-Fuel Pyrolysis Phenomena 2007b] [Solid-Propellant Ignition Theories 1984] [Solomon and Tamiru 2026] [Some Research Problems 1960] [Song et al. 2023] [Space Transportation System Solid 1979] [Sprattling 1967] [Srivastava and Jayachandran 2022] [Srivastava and Jayachandran 2023] [Srivastava et al. 2022a] [Srivastava et al. 2022b] [States 2001] [Status of Nozzleless Solid 1977] [Stern and Tallentire 1985] [Stever and Uman 1989] [Stewart et al. 2005] [Stoia-Djeska and Mingireanu 2010] [Stojkovic and Brown 2024] [Stojković and Gligorijević 2024] [Stoker 1964] [Stolovy et al. 1990] [Stone 1964] [Strand and Cohen 1989] [Strand et al. 1992] [Strand et al. 1993] [Strand et al. 1994] [Streamlining the Design 2025] [Study of Solid Rocket 1972a] [Su et al. 2019] [Sudiana 2020] [Sun et al. 2015b] [Sun et al. 2016b] [Sun et al. 2020] [Sun et al. 2022a] [Sun et al. 2024a] [Swanson 1959] [Swindell et al. 2025] [Tahsini 2007a] [Tahsini 2007b] [Tahsini and Mazaheri 2006] [Tajima 1965] [Takaki et al. 2022] [Tamang 2025] [Tanaka 2014] [Tanaka et al. 2010] [Tangermann et al. 2021] [The Combustion Mechanism 2016] [The Influence of Erosive 1960] [The Rocketor’s Primer 1941] [The Role of Binder 1960] [Thirkill 1975] [Thomas and Simitz 2024] [Thomason 1973] [Tian et al. 2014b] [Tian et al. 2015] [Tian et al. 2017] [Tian et al. 2020] [Tian et al. 2022] [Tomlin 1983] [Tot and Maslak 2001] [Townsend et al. 2000] [Traineau et al. 1992] [Tripp 1966] [Tsien 1952] [Turansky and Rinehart 1949] [Turbulent Transport in Rocket 2000] [Umbel 2006] [Umholtz 1999] [Unstable Burning Phenomenon 1960] [van der Ha and Janssens 2003] [Van Nice et al. 1965] [Van Winkle 1965] [Vanherweg] [Vargas and Kenny 2010] [Vibbart 1988] [Vignesh and Kumar 2020] [von Eckroth et al. 2012] [von Eckroth et al. 2014] [Von Elbe 1966] [Vonderwell et al. 1994] [Vonderwell et al. 1995] [Vortex Injection Hybrid Rockets 2007] [Vural and Ak 1996] [Wada et al. 2013] [Waesche and Summerfield 1965] [Waesche et al. 1989] [Wan et al. 2025] [Wang 1977] [Wang 1993b] [Wang and Tian 2021] [Wang et al. 2011a] [Wang et al. 2020a] [Wang et al. 2022d] [Wang et al. 2022e] [Wang et al. 2024a] [Wang et al. 2025a] [Ward 1971] [Ward 1970] [Watson and Lee 1977] [Weaver] [Webster 1993] [Wei 1987] [Wei 2017] [Wei et al. 2019b] [Wei et al. 2023a] [Wei et al. 2023b] [Weirick 1989] [Welsh 1985] [Wenjing et al. 2025] [Wenzhi et al. 2024] [Weyland and Weyland 1997] [Whitfield 1968] [Whitmore and Marshall 2017] [Whitmore et al. 2015] [Whitmore et al. 2016] [Whittaker et al. 1957] [Wiegand 1961] [Williamson and Lyman 1989] [Winch and Irvine 1986] [Wirzberger and Yaniv 2007] [Wolf and Henry 1992] [Wong 1968] [Wongyai 2021] [Wood et al. 2011] [Wozney 2021] [Wright et al. 1999] [Wu and Ren 2024] [Xia et al. 2023] [Xiao and Amano 2009] [Xie et al. 2019b] [Xie et al. 2019a] [Xu 2005] [Xu et al. 2025b] [Xue et al. 2009b] [Xue et al. 2009a] [Yamada et al. 1975] [Yaman et al. 2014] [Yang 2025a] [Yang et al. 2007] [Yang et al. 2014] [Yang et al. 2017b] [Yang et al. 2026d] [Yano 2001] [Yerushalmi and Glick 1982] [Yi et al. 2021] [Yildirim and Aksel 2005] [Yilmaz et al. 2018] [Yoon et al. 1994] [Young 2025b] [Yu and Crane 2007] [Yu et al. 2022] [Yuan et al. 2006] [Yucel et al. 2015] [Zare et al. 2016] [Zhan et al. 2026] [Zhang and Hou 2026] [Zhang et al. 1987] [Zhang et al. 2022a] [Zhang et al. 2024b] [Zhang et al. 2025f] [Zhang et al. 2026a] [Zhang et al. 2026b] [Zheng and Zhang 2021] [Zhou et al. 2025b] [Zhu and Xu 2009] [Zhu et al. 2015] [Zhu et al. 2022] [Zilliac et al. 2020] [Zinn 1972] [Zinn 1973] [Zipfel 2014] [Zolla et al. 2024] [Zou et al. 2023] [Zurawski and Rapp 1987] [Özer et al. 2019]

Structure, winds and composition of the neutral upper atmosphere

What the rocket panel set out to measure. Temperature, density, pressure and wind above the balloons, measured by grenades, falling spheres, pitot probes, chaff and chemical releases, together with satellite-drag density, the turbopause and the dynamics of the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The literature has two halves. Of its 749 dated records, 379 were published before 1980, when rockets were the instrument, and 236 in 2000 or later, when radar, lidar and satellite drag carry most of the measurement.

757 records. [A Climatology 1969] [Ahlborn and Loehberg 1979] [Air density in the 1960] [Alekseyev et al. 1964] [Alford and Hoekstra 1976] [Alford et al. 1972] [Alford et al. 1982] [Allen] [Allen 1962] [Almond et al. 1964] [Alyea 1984] [An et al. 2019] [Anderson 1971] [Anderson and Ljunge 1979] [Anderson et al. 1964a] [Andersson and Forsell 1979] [Andreeva and Ilyichev 1974] [Anthony and Epler 1967a] [Anthony and Epler 1967b] [Apparatus for Investigating 1962] [Appendix 1957] [Ardema 1979] [Armen 2010] [Arritt et al. 1973] [Artono et al. 2020] [Arves et al. 2003] [Asanuma and Nomura 1976] [Ashburn 1961] [Auchere et al. 1999] [Avery 1990] [Baber 1967] [Rifà et al. 2022] [Bailey 1986] [Bailey and Moffett 1972] [Baird and Bergman 1970] [Baker and Phillips 1953] [Ballard 1967] [Balsley et al. 1984] [Banks 1980] [Barjatya et al. 2024] [Barth 1966b] [Barth 1966a] [Bartman et al. 1956] [Bartoe 1982] [Basavaiah 2011] [Basciano 1998] [Bass and Roberts 1984] [Bass et al. 1981] [Bazdrov et al. 2004] [Becker 2017] [Bedinger et al. 1963] [Bedinger et al. 1968] [Behr et al. 2023] [Bender et al. 2013] [Benson and Harrington 1953] [Berger and Golomb 1961] [Berman et al. 2009] [Bernhardt 1980] [Bernhardt 1981] [Bettle et al. 1967] [Beyers et al. 1962] [Bhavsar and Ramanujarao 1968] [Bien 1972] [Bieri et al. 1970] [Blamont et al. 1961] [Blanchard et al. 1966a] [Blanchard et al. 1966b] [Blum et al. 1978] [Blum et al. 1999] [BochnÍČEk 1960] [Bollermann 1971] [Bollermann and Walker 1968] [Bollermann and Wright 1973] [Bollermann et al. 1970] [Bolster 1967] [Bolster and Googins 1967] [Borchevkina et al. 2024] [Boscov 1982] [Boulant et al. 2024] [Bourdeau 1965] [Bowden 2022] [Boyd et al. 1955] [Brace et al. 1965] [Branscomb 1950] [Bredt 1974] [Briggs et al. 1970] [British Experiments in ESRO 1986] [Brock and Richardson 2001] [Bruinsma et al. 1999] [Brunt 1955] [Bull 1999] [Bull and Martel 2000] [Bull and Murphy 1967] [Bull et al. 2002] [Bumgarner and Gilcrease 1979] [Burgess 1953] [Burnett 1965] [Burr and Reber 1984] [Burt 1967] [Burth 2025] [Burth et al. 2023] [Bęben et al. 2023] [Cajun-Dart Sounding Vehicle Final 1965] [Calabia and Jin 2021] [Calabia et al. 2020] [Carr and Gabe 1967] [Casey 1965] [Casey et al. 1970] [Cassell et al. 2019b] [Cassell et al. 2019a] [Champion 1968] [Champion 1981] [Changery et al. 1989d] [Changery et al. 1989f] [Changery et al. 1989c] [Changery et al. 1989b] [Changery et al. 1989a] [Changery et al. 1989e] [Chaowanapreecha and Rattanagraikanakorn 2023] [Chapman 1951] [Chapman 1955] [Charron et al. 1978] [Chau et al. 2019] [Chau et al. 2025] [Chiba et al. 2016a] [Chisel and Rose 1968] [Cho et al. 2008] [Chree 1909a] [Chree 1909b] [Christie 1967] [Chun 1983] [Clarke 1998b] [Clarke 1998a] [Clarke 2000] [Clemesha and Takahashi 1995] [Clemesha et al. 1987] [CODAG Sounding Rocket Experiment 1999] [Code 1975] [Coffey et al. 1999] [Cohen et al. 1979] [Comparison of High-Altitude Rocket 1960b] [Comparison of high-altitude rocket 1960] [Content et al. 2006] [Cooke et al. 1973] [Cooney 1979] [Cooper and Seaton 1982] [Corliss 1971] [Corman and Guarino 1965] [Cotten and Donn 1971] [Cox 1948] [Cox and Reed 1957] [Crabill 1961] [Crane 2017] [Crazzolara et al. 2022] [Cruz Aguirre et al. 2021] [Cui et al. 2025] [Curtiss and Gill 1952] [Danilov 1970b] [Danilov 1997] [Day and Mitchell 2009] [Day and Mitchell 2013] [Day et al. 2011] [de Mendonça et al. 1969] [De Pauw et al. 1968] [Dean and Smith 1982] [Deeley 1911] [DeLeeuw and Davies 1972] [Dembrow and Jamieson 1964] [Demirkoz et al. 2021] [Deng et al. 2016] [Density Variations 1961] [Dessler 1959] [Di Marco and Grassi 2002] [Dieminger et al. 1996c] [Dieminger et al. 1996b] [Dirksen et al. 2014] [Dobson 1946] [Donahue and Meier 1967] [Doornbos 2007] [Doornbos 2012] [Doornbos et al. 2008] [Dowd and Tapley 1979] [Duff 1970] [Duft et al. 2019] [Dulchinos and Guarino 1969] [Dunfee and Oss 1967a] [Dunfee and Oss 1967b] [Duperier 1951] [Dutton 1965] [Dyke 1987] [Dynamics of the upper 1964] [Earth’s Upper Atmosphere 2008] [Earth’s Upper Atmosphere 2022] [Ebel 1980] [Ebel et al. 1992] [Eberspeaker and Smith 2003] [Eberstein and Theon 1978] [Eckart et al. 2012] [Eckermann and Vincent 1989] [Edwards 1964] [Edwards 1981] [Eggers and Wong 1961] [El’Iasberg and Yastrebov 1961] [Evans 1971] [Examination of Extremely Big 2026] [Faenza et al. 2019] [Fang et al. 2023] [Faust 1960] [Faust 1978] [Fedorenko et al. 2021] [Fedynskiy 1964] [Ference et al. 1956] [Ferry 1970] [Ferry and Farlow 1972] [Finger and Woolf 1967] [Flowerday and Hanson 1965] [Flowers 1976] [Forbes 1984] [Forbes 2005] [Franzè 2023] [Fredga and Lee 1966] [Fritts et al. 1984] [Fryklund 1981] [Fugono 1969] [Fuhrmann and Dreyer 2008] [Fujii et al. 2004] [Fuller 1965b] [Fuller 1965a] [Fuller 1966b] [Fuller 1966a] [Fuller 1967] [Garcia et al. 2019] [Garing and Schurin 1973] [Garny 2025] [Gasperini et al. 2022] [Geng et al. 2022] [Ghazi and Watson 1984] [Ghini and Mazzoni 2026] [Ginzburg et al. 1963] [Glaab 1985] [Goddard’s Rocket for Exploring 1924] [Goldberg et al. 2012] [Golembiewski et al. 1998] [Golian et al. 1946] [Gong et al. 2019] [Gordon 1970] [Gorelyi et al. 2008] [Gowan 1929] [Grammer and Bowden 2025] [Grassl 1971] [Greenhow and Hall 1960] [Griffith 1961] [Grimminger 1959] [Groll 1975] [Grosse et al. 2014] [Groves 1956a] [Groves 1956c] [Groves 1959a] [Groves 1959b] [Groves 1960] [Groves 1966] [Groves 1977] [Guidotti 1976] [Gulyaeva 2025] [Gulyaeva and Lukianova 2025] [Gurkin 1982] [Gurkin 1992] [Gursky 2003] [Habu et al. 2013] [Hagis 1963] [Haldeman 1980] [Hall 1989] [Hallgren and Hemenway 1971] [Hansen et al. 1977] [Hanson et al. 1980] [Harang 1966] [Harrison and Gibson 1980] [Harwit and Houck 1970] [Haspel and Yair 2024] [Haycock et al. 1968] [Heating of the Upper 2014] [Heatwole 2024] [Hecht and Gelinas 2023] [Hedin 1991] [Heelis 2001] [Heelis 2002] [Heelis 2003] [Helfand 1953] [Hemenway and Soberman 1965] [Hemenway et al. 1963] [Henry and Quiroz 1970] [Herrick et al. 1990] [Hesstvedt 1965] [Hesstvedt 2012] [Hiller 1980] [Hiller and King-Hele 1981] [Hills 1985] [Hines 1991] [Hisler 1964] [Hogan and Prabhakara 1967] [Holm et al. 1972] [Holtz 1976] [Horowitz 1966] [Hosokawa et al. 1989] [Hoult and Wright 1969] [Howlett and Swigart 1969] [Kaifler et al. 2022] [Klanner et al. 2021] [Knight et al. 2021] [Krishnapriya et al. 2023] [Medvedev et al. 2019] [Menees and Park 1974] [Newell 1951] [Nugent 1966] [Okoh et al. 2022] [Ren et al. 2024] [Sassi et al. 2023] [Stergis 1966] [Thurairajah et al. 2021] [Tohmatsu and Iwagami 1976] [HU Xiong et al. 2005] [Hulburt 1957] [Hunt 1972] [Hwang et al. 2006] [Hwang et al. 2020] [Illés-Almár et al. 1997] [Immler et al. 2010] [Investigation of Cosmic Rays 1961] [Investigation of the Ionic 1961] [Ivanovsky et al. 1992] [Iwasaka and Horii 1974] [Jacchia 1965] [Jacchia and Slowey 1981] [Jacobi et al. 2024a] [Jacobi et al. 2024b] [Jaen et al. 2023] [Jenkins 1962] [Jenkins et al. 1960] [Jenkins et al. 1973] [Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States) et al. 1974] [Jones and Massey 1956] [Jones and Peterson 1967] [Jones and Peterson 1968] [Jones and Tharayil 1982] [Jung 2003] [Justus and Roper 1968] [Justus and Woodrum 1972] [Justus and Woodrum 1973a] [Justus and Woodrum 1973b] [Kantor 1969] [Kao and Lordi 1977] [Kaplan 1937] [Kaplan 1939] [Karr 1974] [Katchen et al. 1966b] [Kato 1962] [Kays and Olsen 1967] [Kayser 1988] [Kazachevskaya and Ivanov-Kholodnyi 1963] [Kellogg 1964] [Kellogg 1973] [Kendall and Weeks 1974] [Keneshea et al. 1979] [Kent and Keenliside 1974] [King-Hele 1959] [King-Hele 1963] [king-Hele 1963] [King-Hele 1964] [King-Hele 1966a] [King-Hele 1966b] [King-Hele 1968] [King-Hele and Quinn 1966] [King-Hele and Walker 1960b] [King-Hele and Walker 1961] [King-Hele and Walker 1968] [King-Hele and Walker 1969] [King-Helk 1967] [Kintner et al. 1997] [Kitahara et al. 2003] [Kiviranta et al. 2018] [Koizumi et al. 2004] [Kolegov 1961] [Kolegov 1962] [Koshin and Sato 2025] [Koushik and Kumar 2026] [Kraushaar 1974] [Kräuchi and Philipona 2016] [Kulikov et al. 2022] [Kulikov et al. 2024] [Kumar et al. 2025b] [Kumar et al. 2025c] [Kvifte 1973] [LaGow and Horowitz 1958] [Lamy et al. 2023] [Lane and Mayo 1980] [Langowski et al. 2016] [Latimer et al. 1965] [Laštovička 2011] [Leathe 2018] [Leble et al. 2021] [Lee 2016] [Lettau 1951] [Levitt 1955] [Li et al. 2014d] [Li et al. 2023g] [Li et al. 2023e] [Li et al. 2025d] [Li et al. 2026c] [Licata and Mehta 2024] [Lidar Complex 2020] [Lieberman 2014] [Lightning Effects 2003] [Lindemann and Dobson 1923] [Lindley and Burch 2026] [Lindzen 1968] [Litwhiler] [Liu et al. 2023e] [Liu et al. 2024c] [Liu et al. 2025g] [Llinas 1968] [Low 1967] [Lubken et al. 1994] [Luers and Soltes 1971] [Lukianova et al. 2021] [Lydon and Miller 2004] [Lydon and Simmons 1993] [Lydon and Va 1995] [Lübken 2022] [Lübken et al. 2016] [Ma 1997] [MacLean] [Maeda and Hiaro 1962] [Makower et al. 1909] [Mameli et al. 2019] [Manson 1992] [Manuilova and Yankovsky 2020] [Mao et al. 2016b] [Mao et al. 2016a] [Marcos et al. 1977] [Mariani 1956] [Marks and Boyer 1963] [Marsh 2011] [Marsh et al. 2026] [Martín Canales Romero 2012] [Mason and Horvath 1976] [Matejka 1970] [Matsumoto et al. 1976] [May 1966] [Mayo and Nolan 1967] [McDonnell 1967] [McGarvey 1967] [McHugh and Rinsland 2003] [McIntosh et al. 1972] [McKenna 1990] [Meier 1966] [Quiroz 1968a] [Meteorological Satellites and Sounding 1965] [Meyers 1973] [Micrometeorite Paraglider Experiment 1963] [Miller 1984] [Miller and Finger 1972] [Minor Neutral Constituents 1972] [Mironer et al. 1982] [Mitra 1950] [Miyahara and Forbes 1992] [Mlynczak 1997] [Moffett 1973] [Monti et al. 1992] [Moreno et al. 2017] [Morin 1978] [Moriyama et al. 2025] [Morris 1967] [Muraca 1967] [Murgatroyd 1965] [Murgatroyd 1968] [Murrow 1970] [Myung Brian Lee 2017] [NACA Scientists Reveal Torrid 1947] [Nagahara and GRAINE Collaboration 2025] [Nakasuka et al. 2005] [Narayanan and Pillai 1971] [NASA Sounding Rocket Survey 1966] [Nawrocki et al. 1961] [Nazarenko et al. 2001] [Newell 1957] [Newell 1964] [Newell 1980b] [Newell and Siry 1953] [Newell and Siry 1946] [Newell and Siry 1947b] [Newell and Siry 1947a] [Newell and Siry 1947c] [Newell and Siry 1948] [Newnham 1931] [Nier and Hickman 1973] [Nordberg 1963] [Nordberg 1967] [Nordberg and Smith 1963a] [Nordberg and Smith 1964] [Nordberg and Warnecke 1964] [Nordberg and Warnecke 1965] [Oakley et al. 2009] [Odenbach 1995] [Offermann et al. 2006] [Oleynikov and Sosnovchik 2006] [de Oliveira et al. 2022] [Olney and Cruddace 1979] [Olsen et al. 1979] [Oss 1966] [Overmier 1967] [Pakistan’s Space Program 2021] [Panel 1952] [Paneth 1939] [Partel 1970] [Patterson 1982] [Pfaff] [Pfaff et al. 1999] [Phibbs and Staffanson 1969] [Philbrick et al. 1978] [Philbrick et al. 1983] [Phillips and Vincent 1989] [Physics of Measurement 1969] [Pierman 1969] [Pilger and Hupe 2026] [Pillai 2018] [Pippin and Avery 2026] [Plane et al. 2018] [Plane et al. 2023] [Poe and Small 1965] [Pont et al. 2019] [Portnyagin and Solovjova 1998] [Pressly 1965] [Pressly et al. 1954] [Priester et al. 1960] [Probing the Upper Atmosphere 1958] [Probing the Upper Atmosphere 1989] [Problems of the upper 1963] [QIN Guotai et al. 2002] [Quesada 1971] [Quessette and Ajello 1973] [Quiroz 1961] [Quiroz 1968b] [Quiroz 1972] [Ramakrishna 1974] [Rao and Singh 2021] [Rapp et al. 2003] [Ratkowski and Ulwick 1993] [Ratovsky and Medvedeva 2026] [Reasenberg et al. 2012] [Rees 1989b] [Rees et al. 1972] [Rehri and Pennanech 1973] [Reis and Sundberg 1967] [Results of an Investigation 1961] [Richards 1967] [Richmond 1991] [Richmond 2011] [Rini 2023] [Ritz and Whitsett 1979] [Roberts 1965] [Rochefort and Yorra 1976] [Rochester and Wilson 2013] [Rodgers 1977] [Rodriguez et al. 1984] [Roehrig 1982] [Rofe 1962] [Rogers et al. 2013] [Rogers et al. 2015] [Vasilyev and Zorkaltseva 2020] [Rosanova 2013] [Руденко et al. 2016] [Ruiz 1995] [Sakai 1980] [Sana et al. 2026] [Sandahl 1988] [Sandford et al. 2006] [Sandford et al. 2007] [Sandford et al. 2010] [Sarlin et al. 1994] [Schmidlin et al. 1985] [Schmidlin et al. 1987] [Schmidlin et al. 1989] [Schmidlin et al. 2010] [Schneeberger et al. 1980] [Schneiders and Ziegltrum 1982] [Schultz 1969] [Science Communication INC Mclean VA 1960] [Seasonal Effects on Distributions 1972] [Seaton 1947] [Sedlak et al. 2020] [Sehnal 1987] [Sehnal 1990] [Shankar 2012] [Sharma 2014] [Sharma and Dao 2005] [Sharp 1991] [Sheldon et al. 1988] [Shepherd 1996] [Shklovskii and Kurt 1961] [Sicinski et al. 1954] [Siemes et al. 2024] [Singer 1953] [Singer 1956] [Sivjee 1984] [Skoog 2006] [Sloan 1969] [Smith 1965a] [Smith 1969a] [Smith 1969b] [Smith et al. 1968] [Smith et al. 2017] [Snyder 2013] [Snyder and Joyce 2009] [Soberman 1956] [Some Results of Measurements 1961] [Song et al. 2018] [Sounding Rockets 1969] [Spradley 1975] [Sridharan and Raghavarao 1984] [Srivastava and Niranjan 1968] [Staffanson 1971] [Staker 1950] [Stanley 2020] [Stebbings et al. 1960] [Sterhardt 1965] [Stern 1996] [Sternberg 1947] [Sterne 1958] [Storey 1959] [Stouffer 1979] [Strelnikov and sounding rocket project PMWE team 2021] [Strelnikov et al. 2021] [Strickland and Shigemoto 1979] [Stroud 1975] [Stroud et al. 1960] [Study of Winds Diffusion 1963] [Sun et al. 2012] [Surlan and Segan 2009] [Sutton et al. 2007] [T. V. Kazachevskaya 1963] [Taylor 2014] [Taylor et al. 1972] [Temperature of the Upper 1904] [Temperatures in the Upper 1989] [Tether Dynamics Investigations 1992] [The ARC AS Meteorological 1969] [The Effect of Vertical 1969] [The Investigation of Meteoric 1963] [The Investigation of Micrometeorites 1961] [The KOOKABURRA Meteorological Rocket 1969] [The PWN-8B Meteorological Rocket 1969] [The ROBIN Falling Sphere 1969] [The Skua Meteorological Rocket 1969] [The Terrestrial Upper Atmosphere 1998] [The United States Sounding 1971] [Bowhill and Dyer 1971] [Dieminger et al. 1996d] [The Upper Atmosphere 2003] [The Upper Atmosphere Research 1985] [Thermosphere] [Thomas 1996] [Thomas and Hassler 2004] [Thomas et al. 2001] [Tolefson 1965] [Torkar et al. 1985] [Torr 1994] [Trefall 1953] [Trowbridge 1984] [Tshomela et al. 2024] [Tsien and Evans 1951] [Tsien and Evans 2012] [Tunbridge and Mitchell 2009] [Turns and Kraige] [Törnqvist et al. 2006] [Martin Co., Nuclear Div., Baltimore 1961] [Lanzerotti and Park 1978] [Upper Atmosphere Research 1979] [IJssel et al. 2025] [van der Bliek and Cassanova 1967] [Varghese et al. 2022] [Васильев et al. 2018] [Vickery 1963] [Vickery 1970] [Vidale and Schein 1951] [Vidale and Schein 1952] [Villanueva 2018] [Vincent 1987] [Vincent 1990] [Vincent 2015] [Vincent et al. 2022] [Violette et al. 2026] [Vitharana] [Volkov and Salimov 1987] [Von Zahn 1973] [Vorobeva et al. 2020] [Votta et al. 2012a] [Votta et al. 2012b] [Walker 1954] [Walker 1979] [Wan et al. 2014] [Wang et al. 1992] [Wang et al. 2022a] [Watanabe et al. 1992] [Waters 1989] [Watson 1946] [Webb 1968] [Weimer 2022] [Weisner 1956] [Weisskopf 2013] [Wercinski et al. 2017] [Wessling and Maybee 1989] [Wessling and Maybee 1991b] [Wessling and Maybee 1991a] [Wexler 1950] [Wiens and Thomas 1999] [Williams 1986] [Winckler 1956] [Winckler 1974b] [Winebarger] [Wing 1979a] [Wing 1979b] [Winick 1983] [Wintersteiner and Joseph 1986] [Witschas et al. 2023] [Wolff and Fitz 1972] [Wood 1970] [Wu 2026] [Wu and Chen 2026] [Wu et al. 2024a] [Wu et al. 2025] [Wukelic 2024a] [Wukelic 2024b] [Wyman 1951a] [Wyman 1951b] [Xu and Wang 1998] [Yamazaki 2023] [Yang and Wu 1982] [Yee et al. 2001] [Yi et al. 2023] [Yoo et al. 2024] [Yuan et al. 2017] [Yue and Gan 2021] [Zahn and Herwig 1977] [Zakharov et al. 2025] [Zavitsanos and Golden 1974] [Zavitsanos et al. 1976] [Zeiger et al. 2011] [Zeng et al. 2011] [Zetterquist 1979] [Zhang et al. 2019] [Zhang et al. 2025d] [Zhang et al. 2026g] [Zhou and Yu 2023] [Zhou et al. 2017] [Zolesi 2003] [Zosimovych 2021] [Él’yasberg and Yastrebov 1961]

The ionosphere by rocket

The plasma the rocket flew through. Electron density profiles from rocket propagation experiments and probes, the D, E and F regions, ion composition, active plasma experiments, and the disturbance that rocket exhaust itself causes in the ionosphere.

493 records. [Abdu 2020] [Abdul Aziz and Md. Yusoff 2024] [Adey and Heikkila 1961] [Aggson et al. 1970] [Aikin et al. 1964] [Aikin et al. 1977] [Al’pert 1961] [Alexandrov et al. 1981] [Analysis of the Results 1963] [Anderson 1964] [Ando and Ito 2017] [Aol et al. 2019] [Apparatus for Rocket Measurements 1961] [Arnoldy et al. 1992] [Ashihara et al] [Ashihara et al. 2016] [Ashneel Sharan 2022] [Ayokunnu et al. 2023] [Bain 1985] [Baker et al. 1985] [Balwanz] [Balwanz 1965] [Banks and Schunk 1974] [Baron et al. 2020] [Bates 1963] [Bates 1965] [Bauer and Jackson 1962] [Bauer and Jackson 1963] [Baumann et al. 2022] [Becker et al. 1946] [Bedinger and Smith 1964] [Bedinger et al. 1966] [Benton et al. 1972] [Bergsson et al. 2026] [Bernhardt 2011] [Bernhardt and Rosenberg 2011] [Bernhardt et al. 2013] [Bernstein and Pilinski 2021] [Beynon 1967] [Beynon and Rangaswamy 1969] [Bigelow and Velásquez-García 2024] [Bilitza and King 1988] [Bilitza and Rawer 1990] [Billett et al. 2020] [Bjelland et al. 1959] [Blanchfield et al. 2025] [Booker 1942] [Booker 1967] [Borchevkina et al. 2020] [Boucher and Noonan 1980] [Bowden and Brown 2023] [Bowhill 1965] [Bowhill 1966] [Bowhill 1990] [Bowman 1964] [Bragin 1973] [Bremer and Singer 1974] [Brhian et al. 2026] [Brown et al. 1959g] [Brown et al. 1959a] [Brown et al. 1959f] [Brown et al. 1959b] [Brown et al. 1959e] [Brown et al. 1959d] [Brown et al. 1959h] [Brown et al. 1959c] [Brown et al. 1960] [Bryan et al. 1972] [Buchanan 1986] [Cantrell 1964] [Capener et al. 1965] [Carpenter et al. 1965] [Cartwright 1964] [Cartwright and Kellogg 1974] [Certain Results of Rocket 1962] [Chacko and Mendillo 1980] [Chakrabarty 2005] [Chandra 1964] [Chang and Kooker 2003] [Chantry and Phelps 1970] [Chapman 1954] [Charney and Drazin 1990] [Chartier 2022] [Chasovitin et al. 1974] [Chatterjee 1954] [Chen et al. 2023b] [Chen et al. 2023a] [Chen et al. 2026b] [Chernogor 2022] [Chernogor and Blaunstein 2016] [Christodoulou 2013] [Clemesha 1995] [Codrescu et al. 2022] [Cohen and Higginson-Rollins 2020] [Cohen et al. 2020] [Colwell and Friend 1936] [Conway and Barjatya 2025] [Cooper and Frederick 1993] [Crawford and Harp 1964] [Croft 1965] [Croom et al. 1960] [Dalgarno and Constantinides 1978] [Dalgarno and Constantinides 1979] [Danilov 1970a] [Davison 1916] [Degaonkar et al. 1970] [Denisenko and Sotsky 2021] [Denisenko and Sotsky 2023] [Despain 1966] [Devane and Johnson 1979] [Devane and Johnson 1980] [Di Giovanni and Radicella 1990] [Dickinson et al. 1974] [Dickinson et al. 1976] [Didebulidze et al. 2023] [Dietrich et al. 2022] [Doherty et al. 2013] [Dombrowski et al. 2012] [Drobzhev et al. 2004] [Dudeney and Piggott 1978] [Dulk 1963] [Dymek 1980] [Dyrud and Bust 2013] [Dyson 1972] [Eather et al. 1998] [Effects of Geomagnetic Storms 2025] [Endeshaw and Radicella 2025] [Ernstmeyer et al. 1997] [Esposito et al. 2023] [Fausch et al. 2023] [Fejer et al. 1965] [Feng et al. 2025] [Fermi 2017] [Fernandez-Gomez et al. 2021] [Ferrero and Pastrone 2019] [Fialer 1970] [Field and Lewinstein 1978] [Fine and Wright 1959a] [Fine and Wright 1959b] [Fong 1964] [Forbes 1987] [Forbes 1992] [Forbes 1998] [Forbes 1999] [Forbes 2002] [Forsythe et al. 2020] [Fox et al. 1997] [France and Williams 1976] [Friedman 1959b] [Friedrich et al. 2006] [Fujiwhara 1911] [Fujiwhara 1916] [Garner 2010] [Gassmann 1963] [Gassmann 1973] [Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket 2016b] [Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket 2016a] [Gibbons and Waynick 1959] [Gilchrist and Smith 1979] [Gipps] [Gokhale et al. 1949] [Goldberg 1969] [Голиков et al. 2017] [Goree and Chiu 1993] [Gough and Collin 1974] [Gregory 1958] [Greifinger and Greifinger 1978] [Gringauz and Gdalevich 1963] [Gringauz et al. 1961] [Gringauz et al. 1962b] [Gringauz et al. 1962a] [Gringauz et al. 1981] [Groves 1956b] [Gundersen 2001] [Gurevich 2010] [Gérard 1980] [Gözütok and Ataş 2026] [Hagfors 1960] [Hall 1973] [Hammond 1965] [Hayakawa and Iwai 1975] [Haycock et al. 1959] [Hays and Nagy 1973] [He et al. 2023] [Heelis 1988] [Heelis 1990] [Herman 1963] [Higginson 2016] [Holzworth 2012] [Hoult 1969] [Houston and Larson 1969] [Hu et al. 2025] [Huffman 1961] [Hunsucker and Freyman 1981] [Ichimiya et al. 1961] [Inan 2001] [Inan 2002] [Inan 2007] [Influence of Rocket Burn 2016] [Ion and Neutral Composition 1989] [Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction 2022] [Ishisaka et al. 2005] [Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica Rome (Italy) 1995] [Istomin 1960] [Jackson and Bauer 1961] [Jackson et al. 1962] [Jacobi et al. 2021] [Jacobsen 1982] [Jiang et al. 2024b] [Johannessen and Krankowsky 1974] [Johnson et al. 1980] [Kan 1986] [Kanal 1977] [Kane 1969] [Kawashima et al. 1978] [Keefer 1975] [Keller 1968] [Kelso 1967] [Keskinen 1989] [Keskinen 1997] [Khattatov 2003] [Khattatov et al. 2004] [Kielpinski and Streed 2011] [Kimura et al. 1973] [King-Hele and Walker 1959] [Kintner 1993] [Kintner 1997] [Kintner and Kelley 1982] [Klos et al. 1993] [Kodikara 2020] [Kodikara and Zhang 2019] [Kolesnik and Borisevich 2026] [Koster 1976] [Koster 1977] [Koustov et al. 2022] [Kozlov and Lyakhov 2023] [Krasovskii 1961] [Kumar and Chakrabarti 2010] [Kumar and Hanson 1980] [Kuo 1966] [Kurdyaeva et al. 2019] [Kurdyaeva et al. 2020] [Kushnarenko et al. 2022] [LaBelle 2003] [Larsen 1980] [Laštovička 2023] [Lebedinets et al. 1974] [Leble and Smirnova 2019] [Legostaeva et al. 2022] [Lehmacher et al. 2026] [Lewis et al. 1974] [Li et al. 1994] [Li et al. 2022d] [Lightner and Cohen 2024] [Lingard] [Liu and Morton 2023] [Liu et al. 2022a] [Liu et al. 2025a] [Liu et al. 2026a] [Local Time and Seasonal 2023] [Luhmann and Blake 1978] [Luhmann et al. 1982] [Luo et al. 1994] [Ma et al. 2021] [MacKenzie and Sayers 1966] [Madden and Thompson 1964] [Maeda 1969] [Maeda 1971] [Malaga 1986] [Malhotra and Ridley 2021] [Mambo et al. 2000] [Manson et al. 1969] [Maple et al. 1951] [Marew and Chum 2026] [Martyn 1945] [Martyn 1956] [Martyn 1959] [Masek 1978] [Matamba et al. 2023] [Matuura 1966] [McDonald and Williams 1986] [Meadows 1976] [Measurement of Upper Atmospheric 1965] [Measurements of the Electrostatic 1964] [Mechtly 1974] [Mechtly et al. 1972] [Meira 1971] [Mendillo 1981] [Mendillo 2003] [Mendillo et al. 2025] [Meng and Newell 1988] [Meng and Verkhoglyadova 2021] [Meza et al. 2002] [Mimno 1938] [Mitchell and Cannon 2002] [Mitcheltree 1991] [Mitra 1946] [Mitra 1970] [Mitra 1978] [Mlodnosky and Garriott 1962] [Modification of the Ionosphere 2013] [Modification of the Ionosphere 2016] [Moe 1966] [Mohammed 2020] [Molchanov and Platov 2011] [Molozzi and Richardson 1966] [Morel et al. 2025] [Mukai et al. 1979] [Munro 1948] [Nagano et al. 1978] [Nagano et al. 1981] [Nagatomo et al. 1986] [Nava et al. 2006] [Nava et al. 2007] [Neubert and Banks 1990] [Neubert et al. 1990a] [Nicolet 1964] [Nisbet 1960] [Nisbet et al. 1966] [Norman 1963] [Norton 1936] [Norton 1937] [Nossa et al. 2021] [Oberheide 2022] [Oigawa et al. 2020] [Olwendo et al. 2019] [Omojola and Moeketsi 2026] [Palo 2001] [Pappert and Hitney 1988] [Peculiarities of Magneto-Ionospheric Effects 2016] [Pedersen 1965] [Perel 1983] [Perturbations in the Ionosphere 2016] [Perturbations in the Middle 2013] [Perturbations in the Middle 2016] [Pfaff et al. 2022] [Pfeilsticker and Arnold 1989] [Pfister and Ulwick 1965] [Phelps and Schulz 1964] [Picanço 2026] [Pickering 1972] [Pie 1938] [Pignalberi et al. 2023] [Pirnaris and Sarris 2023] [Podlesnyi et al. 2019] [Poppoff and Whitten 1963] [Potemra 1963] [Prakash and Subbaraya 1967] [Propellant Ignition and Flame 2004] [Qifan 1989] [Qin 2013] [Raitt 1978] [Ramanamurty and Rawer 1985] [Ramsdale 1968] [Ranzi and Dominici 1961] [Rao 1967] [Rao 1970] [Rawer 1985] [Rawer 1987] [Rawer et al. 1995] [Reidy and Kavanagh 2024] [Reinisch 2014] [Reinisch and Bibl 1981] [Reinisch and Sales 2000] [Reinisch and Sales 2001] [Renard 1966] [Renkwitz et al. 2023] [Rinnert 1973] [Roble 2003] [Roble 2014] [Rocket Measurements of Electron 1961] [Rogers 1980] [Rollstin 1982] [Rose and Widdel 1972] [Rosenberg and Sorasio 2006] [Roussel 1998] [Roy and Hastings 1993] [Roy and Hastings 1996] [Roy et al. 1996] [Rudakov 1963] [Saka 2026] [Sarkar et al. 2015] [Sato 2013] [Schultz 1987] [Schunk 2002] [Schunk 2014] [Schunk and Walker 1973] [Schutz and Smith 1975] [Seddon 1953] [Seliga and Vogt 1962] [Serafimov 1988] [Serafimov et al. 1979] [Setty 1965] [Sharan 2022] [Sharma 1963] [Shellman 1992] [Shim et al. 2012] [Shimazaki 1965] [Shindin et al. 2021] [Singh et al. 1990] [Singleton] [Skellett 1938] [Slowey 1983] [Smirnov et al. 2022] [Smirnov et al. 2023] [Smith 1965b] [Smith 1971] [Smith and Klaus 1978] [Smith and Klenzing 2022] [Sodha and Kaw 1965] [Sodha and Mishra 2017] [Sojka et al. 2002] [Solomon 2006] [Somayajulu et al. 1974] [Soviet Investigation 1961] [Sprague 1994] [Stanley 2023] [Stephan 2009] [Stude et al. 2024] [Stude et al. 2025] [Suchy and Rawer 1986] [Sumanik] [Sumanik and Etele 2017] [Sumanik et al. 2019] [Sun and Tang 2021] [Szuszczewicz 1972] [Szuszczewicz 1973] [Takeya and Okumoto 1959] [Tang et al. 2023] [The Altitude Distribution 1961] [The High-Latitude D Region 2002] [The High-Latitude F Region 2002] [The Interaction of Energetic 1989a] [Theile 1979] [Theoretical Aspects of Plasma 2016] [Thiemann et al. 2025] [Thomas et al. 2023] [Tian et al. 2019] [Titheridge 1962] [Tolmacheva 2004] [Trakhtengerts and Demekhov 1995] [Tsagouri 2022] [Tsai et al. 1999] [Tsunoda 1979] [Tulunay 1988] [Tuna et al. 2014] [Tyler 1972] [Upper Atmosphere and Magnetosphere 1977] [Uryadov et al] [Utlaut and Gautier 1964] [Appleton 1959] [Vassiliadis et al] [Vasylyev et al. 2022] [Venkatesham and Singh 2018] [Venugopal 1960b] [Venugopal 1960a] [von Cossart et al. 1986] [Walach and Grocott 2025] [Wang et al. 2025c] [Warner et al. 2026] [Watanabe and Kondo 2011] [Watermann and Gleisner 2008] [Watt 1964] [Weiss 1953] [Whttehead 1960] [Williams and McDonald 1987] [Wilson 1960] [Winckler 1974a] [Winckler 1975] [Winckler 1982] [Winckler and Anderson 1957] [Wong 1971] [Wright 1959b] [Wright 1959a] [Wright and Paul 1974] [Wu et al. 1969] [Wu et al. 2024b] [Ya’acob et al. 2010] [Yamamoto 2023] [Yang et al. 2023d] [Yin et al. 2026] [Yizengaw 2023] [Yonezawa 1949] [York 1979] [York 1980] [Yorks and Weil 1970] [Yoshimura et al. 2003] [Young et al. 1979] [Yusupov et al. 2020] [Zalesak 1983] [Zhang et al. 2024e] [Zherebtsov et al. 1995] [Zinn et al. 1979]

Tank pressurisation, feed systems and cryogenic boil-off

The pressure-fed architecture and the cryogen it avoided. Propellant tank pressurisation and pressurant requirements, self-pressurisation and boil-off of cryogenic propellants, propellant tanks and pressurant vessels, and turbopump and pressure-fed feed systems.

455 records. [Abbasi 2020] [Adler and Martins 2025] [Aerospace Pressurization System Design] [Agrawal 1990] [Agrawal et al. 2023] [Ahuja et al. 2006] [Ahuja et al. 2010] [Akyuzlu et al. 1993] [Al Ghafri et al. 2022] [Albus et al. 2008] [Alexander et al. 2005] [Ali and Jean François 2002] [An Equivalent Propellant Sloshing 2018] [Anderson et al. 1967] [Appel and Weitzel 1965] [Appel et al. 2025] [Armbruster et al. 2021] [Armstrong 1989] [Armstrong and Schlumberger 1990] [Baek et al. 2022] [Bailey et al. 1986] [Baldwin et al] [Baldwin et al] [Baldwin et al. 2023] [Baralle and Fournier 1989] [Barrington 1965] [Barsi and Kassemi 2007] [Barsi and Kassemi 2008b] [Barsi and Kassemi 2008a] [Barsi and Kassemi 2013a] [Barsi and Kassemi 2013b] [Barsi et al. 2005] [Beisler et al. 1994] [Benkelman et al. 2017] [Benson and Mason 2011] [Bentley et al. 2023] [Benton and Debreceni 2004] [Benton et al. 2007] [Bershadskyi et al. 2022] [Birukov et al. 2014] [Biryuk et al. 2015] [Blakseth et al. 2025] [Bolshinskiy et al. 2015] [Bolshinskiy et al. 2017] [Bott et al. 1983] [Bowen and Marchetta 2022] [Boyland and Deane 1968] [Brennan 1967] [Brodnick] [Brodnick and Yang] [Brown 2022c] [Buckling of Thin-Walled Pressurized 2008] [Byron and Morse 1968] [Błażejewski and Marcinowski 2013] [Cady 1969] [Cady and Kendle 1971] [Cady and Kendle 1972a] [Cady and Kendle 1972b] [Cady and Kendle 1973] [Carey 1964] [Carey 1965] [Cha et al. 2023] [Chandler 2023] [Chandler and Herrera 2025] [Chawdhury 2026] [Chehroudi 2008] [Chehroudi 2009] [Chehroudi 2010] [Cheng et al. 2024] [Cherniavskyi 2026] [Chintalapati and Kirk 2008] [Cho et al. 2012] [Chung 2026] [Chunling et al. 2022] [Ciccotosto and Hauser 2021] [Clapp and Hunter 1993] [Colquitt 1969] [Colquitt 1968] [Алєксєєнко and Бучарський 2024] [Ушаков and Щербаков 2020] [Cook 1989] [Corpening 2010] [Cotter 1986] [Cross Sapna et al. 2021] [Dahlene et al. 1969] [Das and Padmanabhan 2022] [Debreceni et al. 1996] [Debreceni et al. 2003] [Debreceni et al. 2004] [Delplanque and Sirignano 1996] [Denton 1970] [Der and Stevens 1987] [Design of Gas-Pressurized Propellant 1992] [Design of Propellant Tanks 1992] [Design of Turbopump Propellant 1992] [Dewitt 1969] [Dickson et al. 2013] [Dobben et al. 2024] [Dolgopolov et al. 2025] [Domashenko 2005] [Du 2017b] [Ducret et al. 1996] [Dussollier and Teissier 1993] [Eko et al. 2026] [Epstein 1967] [Epstein 1969] [Estey et al. 1983] [Fan et al. 2026] [Fedorov et al. 2018] [Fernandes et al. 2026] [Fester 2003] [Field et al. 2007] [Figueroa et al. 2003] [Flachbart et al. 2008] [Fontaine 1965] [Ford and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) 1967] [Foulds et al. 2024] [Franzoni et al. 2019] [Friedman and Kenny 1965] [Fritz and Sackheim 1982] [Froning, r et al. 1995] [Fu et al. 2014] [Fundamentals of Supercritical Mixing 2004] [Galletly and Blachut 1987] [Gangeh et al. 2023] [Gautam and Gupta 2007] [Gitter and Leachman 2024] [Gloger et al. 2021] [Gobinath and Minas 2026] [Gordon and McBride 1959] [Grayson et al. 2007] [Green et al. 2010] [Greene and Vaughan 1998] [Gruszczynski et al. 1991] [Gunter and Flack 1981] [Guo et al. 2022] [Gursu et al. 1992] [Guzik et al. 2011] [Hafkemeyer 2003] [Harris 2003] [Hartwig 2016] [Hartwig et al. 2016] [Harwell et al. 1975] [Hearn 2002] [Hedayat et al. 1998b] [Hedayat et al. 1998a] [Heidmann 1957] [Heidmann and Auble 1955] [Herr and Choenman 1973] [Hibbs et al] [Hibbs et al] [Hill] [Himeno et al. 1999] [Himeno et al. 2001] [Ho 2008] [Ho and Rahman 2006] [Ho and Rahman 2012] [Hochstein et al. 1986] [Hochstein et al. 1990] [Holt et al. 2000] [Hosangadi and Madavan 2008] [Huang et al. 2024a] [Hubert and Goodzeit 1983] [Hughes 2025] [Hutchinson 1965] [Hutchinson and Olds 2004] [In et al. 2004] [Instability Phenomenology and Case 1995c] [Chung 2008] [Ivanov 2022] [Iyenagbe et al. 2024] [Jan and Aaron 1990] [Kalanidhi 1988] [Kang et al. 2007] [Kang et al. 2026a] [Kannapel et al. 1987] [Karimi et al. 2010] [Kartuzova and Kassemi 2024] [Kartuzova and Kassemi 2025] [Kartuzova et al] [Kartuzova et al. 2023b] [Kartuzova et al. 2023a] [Kartuzova et al. 2024] [Kartuzova et al. 2025] [Kartuzova et al. 2026] [Kassemi] [Kassemi et al] [Kassemi et al. 2015] [Kassemi et al. 2017] [Kassemi et al. 2018a] [Kendle 1970] [Kendle 1971] [Kerebel and Dugat 1986] [Khawand et al. 2000] [Kim and Kim 2002] [Kim et al. 2012] [Kim et al. 2027] [Kinefuchi and Umemura 2022] [Kinefuchi et al. 2020] [Klatte et al. 2020] [Knauer and Edman 1991] [Kokan et al. 2014] [Krebs and Hart 1959] [Kumar and Sleiti 2024] [Kundu et al. 2026] [Kwon et al. 2010] [Kwon et al. 2012] [L’Heureux 1987] [Propulsion Division Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory 1965] [Lak et al. 1990] [Lan and Shi 2024] [Lan et al. 2024] [Lapilli 2015] [LeClair and Majumdar] [Lee et al. 2022b] [Lee et al. 2023] [Lee et al. 2024b] [Lee et al. 2026] [Lei et al. 2015b] [Lei et al. 2015c] [Lei et al. 2015a] [Li et al. 2019a] [Li et al. 2025f] [Liang et al. 2025a] [Liu et al. 1998] [Liu et al. 2016c] [Liu et al. 2016b] [Liu et al. 2017b] [Liu et al. 2020b] [Liu et al. 2023f] [liu et al 2026] [Longsworth 1986] [Lopez and RajKumar 2025] [Ludwig and Dreyer 2012] [Ludwig and Dreyer 2014] [Majumdar and LeClair 2024] [Majumdar and Leclair 2025] [Majumdar and Steadman 1998] [Majumdar and Steadman 1999] [Majumdar and Steadman 2001] [Majumdar et al. 2015] [Majumdar et al. 2016a] [Majumdar et al. 2016b] [Majumdar et al. 2026] [Manimaran and Hiremath 2019] [Martin and Jackson 1994] [Masters 1974] [Matveev and Leachman 2023] [Mayer and Tamura 1995] [Mayer and Tamura 1996] [McElwain and Noonan 2001] [Michel 1983] [Mironer and Otis 1986] [Mitikov 2015] [Mitikov and Kuda 2015] [Mitikov and Shynkarenko 2022] [Moen 2011] [Momenthy 1964] [Montaini and Carlotti 2026] [Morey and Koshar 1961] [Mudrov 2026] [Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Pressurization 1993] [Munk et al. 2022] [Myrzabekov et al. 2026] [Nagarajan et al. 2025] [Nair et al. 2019] [Naoumov 2009] [Narayanan 2014] [Nast and Williams 1967] [Nein and Head 1962] [Nein and Thompson 1965a] [Nein and Thompson 1965b] [Nein and Thompson 1966b] [Nein and Thompson 1966a] [Netter et al. 1999] [Newman and Ojalvo 1966] [Nguyen 2007] [Nguyen and Gormley 1993] [Nguyen et al. 2025a] [Nguyen et al. 2026a] [Nguyen et al. 2026b] [Niedenfuhr 1963] [Niino et al. 1982] [Nikhil et al. 2024] [Non-linear throttling analysis of 1999] [Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif. (USA) 1971] [Ohashi 1968] [Okayasu et al. 1983] [Okpeke et al. 2024] [Orr] [Oschwald et al. 1997] [Pan et al. 2021] [Pany 2021] [Panzarella and Kassemi 2003] [Papetla et al. 2026] [Park et al. 2005] [Pasley 1972] [Patel] [Patel 2026] [Patel and Asaad] [Patel and Williams 2024] [Patel et al. 2024] [Pei et al. 2019] [Peng et al. 2026] [Peschka 1992] [Peterson and Uney 1978] [Pietrzyk et al. 1993] [Pinson 1964] [Plachta and Guzik 2014] [Popov et al. 2014a] [Pouliquen 1978a] [Pouliquen 1978b] [Pouliquen 1982] [Preclik et al. 1998] [Pressurization of Liquid Propellant 2019] [Price 1980] [Price et al. 1992] [Puccinelli et al. 2024] [Qu et al. 2023] [Quinn 1999] [Radhakrishnan et al. 2021] [Randrianalisoa et al. 2011] [Reducing Boil-off from Cryogenic 1971] [Reichmuth et al. 1991] [Reske and Brodnick 2024] [Resonances in the Shukhov 2014] [Richardson and Leachman 2017] [Ringas 2022] [Robinson 1994] [Rocket Engine Pump Feed 2009] [Rocket Propellant and Pressurization 1964] [Rollins et al. 1983] [Rollins et al. 1984] [Rollins et al. 1986] [Rollins et al. 1988] [Ross and Womack 1973] [Rosso and Golben 1987] [Rossoni 1990] [Rotenberg 1986] [Rotenberg et al. 1986] [Rubio Hervas and Reyhanoglu 2014] [Prasanraj 2019] [Sakaki et al. 2015] [Sakaki et al. 2017] [Sakowski 2014b] [Sakowski 2014a] [Sakowski et al. 2019] [Samantra et al. 2020] [Sasmal et al. 1991] [Sasmal et al. 1993] [Scheufler and Gerstmann 2022] [Schmidt 1991] [Schneider 1975] [Scholz et al. 1992] [Schwanekamp 2014] [Segado et al. 2010] [Seo and Jeong 2010] [Shcheglov and Mordovskii 2024] [Shen et al. 2022] [Sherman 1969] [Shoyama et al. 2024] [Sim et al. 2011] [Simulation and Analysis 2004a] [Singh et al. 2024] [Smeltzer and Bowman 2002] [Soller et al. 2017] [Son et al. 2021] [Soriano et al] [Soriano et al] [Sorić 1991] [Srinivasan et al. 2021] [Steadman et al. 1999] [Steadman et al. 2001] [Stephens and Cartagena 2015] [Stewart 2017] [Stewart and Moder 2016] [Stickler and Keller 1998] [Storey and Kirk] [Stout and Snell 1999] [Stout and Snell 2000] [Su 2017] [Sun et al. 2015a] [Supercritical Evaporation and Combustion 1996] [Sá Gontijo et al. 2025] [Tam and Griffin 2002] [Tam et al. 1997] [Tam et al. 1999] [Tam et al. 2008] [Митиков 2012] [Митиков and Андриевский 2013] [Taylor et al. 1984] [Tegart et al. 1981] [Teia 2025] [Teissier and Bass 1995] [Tesny and Hauser 2019] [Thatcher 1950] [The Flight of Rocket 1934] [Tiller et al. 1989] [Tiller et al. 1990] [Tiller et al. 1991] [Tobolski 1971] [Trushlyakov and Zharikov 2016] [Tunc et al. 2001] [Tyler 1965] [Ushakov and Shcherbakov 2021] [Valy and Coquet 1990] [Van Dresar and Stochl 1993] [Van Dresar et al. 1992] [Venkat and Sherif 2004] [Vishnu and Kuzhiveli 2019] [Vishnu and Kuzhiveli 2021] [Vishnu et al. 2018] [Viswanath et al. 2022] [Viswanath et al. 2026] [Wakefield 1986] [Wang et al. 1998] [Wang et al. 2013d] [Wang et al. 2013a] [Wang et al. 2017] [Wang et al. 2019a] [Wang et al. 2019c] [Warren and Anderson 1967] [Werlink et al. 2011] [Wichmann 1973] [Xavier et al. 2024] [Xu et al. 2013] [Xu et al. 2024a] [Xu et al. 2025a] [Yaggy 1984] [Yamada 1997] [Yang 2012] [Yang and Brodnick] [Yang and Williams] [Yang et al] [Yang et al. 2023e] [yu et al 2026] [Yue et al. 2026] [Zakar et al. 2015] [Zhang and Liu 2026] [Zhang et al. 2012a] [Zhang et al. 2024g] [Zhang et al. 2025b] [Zhang et al. 2025c] [Zhang et al. 2025e] [Zhang et al. 2026h] [Zhang et al. 2026c] [Zhao and Teng 2000] [Zhao et al. 2025] [Zheng et al. 2020b] [Zilliac and Karabeyoglu 2005] [Zimmerman et al. 2015] [Zook 2024] [Zumbo et al. 2026] [Zuo et al. 2019] [Zuo et al. 2025]

Recovery and parachutes

The problem that cost the X-8 its first five payloads. Payload recovery systems for sounding rockets and boosters, parachute inflation and opening shock, and the simulation of parachute dynamics.

440 records. [Accorsi and Leonard 2002] [Accorsi et al. 2000] [Acker 1983] [Altgelt and Ward 1968] [Alves Noronha et al. 2015] [Oh 2002] [Analysis of the Working 2016] [Arai and Suzuki 2005] [Armand 2013] [As’ad et al. 2022] [As’ad et al. 2024] [Astorg and Barreau, luiver, C 1995] [As’ad et al. 2025] [Babish 1966] [Bacchus et al. 1975] [Bacchus et al. 1985] [Bakirci and Ozer 2022] [Banerjee and Utreja 1975] [Barnard 1986] [Behr 1989a] [Behr 1989b] [Behr 1991] [Behr et al. 1999] [Benney and Stein 1996] [Bergeron et al. 2024] [Bergeron et al. 2025] [Bermudez and Langone 2011] [Bolton 1979] [Braun and Walcott 1963] [Brinkman 1992] [Britting et al. 2022] [Budolak et al. 2022] [Cadieux and Barad 2024] [Cadieux and Barad 2025] [Cadieux and Barad 2026] [Cao and Jiang 2007] [Cao and Xu 2004] [Cao et al. 2007] [Cao et al. 2009] [Cao et al. 2017b] [Capache Payload Recovery System 1967] [Cassady and Daum 2019] [Charles 2017] [Chen et al. 2020] [Chen et al. 2021] [Cheng et al. 2012] [Cheng et al. 2014] [Clark et al. 2009] [Clark et al. 2017] [Cockrell and Eaton 1979] [Cockrell and Haidar 1993] [Coleman et al. 2026] [Compilation of Papers Presented 1962] [Corwin et al. 1986] [Day 2013] [Dayman and Kurtz 1968] [Derkevorkian et al. 2019] [Dickinson 1975] [Dinh] [Dneprov and Ponomarev 1986] [Dneprov and Ponomarev 1991] [Dobrokhodov et al. 2002] [Doherr 1975] [Doherr 1993] [Doherr 1995] [Doherr 2003] [Doherr and Schilling 1991] [Doherr and Schilling 1992] [Doherr et al. 1993] [Downing et al. 1956] [Drynan] [Du 2013] [Dyess and William W. 1976] [Eckstrom 1975a] [Eckstrom 1975b] [Elgabaili et al. 2013] [Ericksen et al. 1966] [Eslambolchi and Johari 2013] [Espinosa and de Lassat de Pressigny 2007] [Fallon 1991] [Fan and Steinhoff 2008] [Farhall et al. 2007] [Fei et al. 2025] [Fields 2014] [Fields and Yakimenko 2017] [Flores 1986] [Fogell et al. 2017] [French 1963] [French 1964] [French 1968] [French 1969b] [French 1969a] [French 1971] [French 1988] [Fu and Koch 1977] [Gabriel and Gabriel 1997] [Gajera 2026] [Gao et al. 2013] [Gao et al. 2015] [Gao et al. 2016b] [Gao et al. 2016a] [Gao et al. 2020] [Garrard 1991] [Garrard and Konicke 1981] [Gasparoni et al. 2026] [Gaug et al. 2024] [Gerasimato 1991] [Ghoreyshi et al. 2023] [Ghoreyshi et al. 2024] [Gidzak et al. 2008] [Gillis 1969] [Goodrick 1979] [Goodrick 1981] [Greene 1970] [Guadagnini et al. 2023] [Guan et al. 2025] [Guglieri 2012] [Guo et al. 2012] [Hancock and Lingard 2022] [Hanlon and Poole 1989] [Haslett et al. 1966] [Heinrich 1972] [Heinrich and Hektner 1970] [Heinrich and Jamison 1966] [Heinrich and Jamison 1964] [Heinrich and Noreen 1968] [Heinrich and Noreen 1970] [Heinrich and Saari 1975b] [Heinrich and Saari 1975a] [Heinrich and Saari 1978b] [Heinrich and Saari 1978a] [Heinrich et al. 1959] [Heinrich et al. 1961] [Heinrich and Rust 1965a] [Heinrich and Rust 1965b] [Heinrich et al. 1974] [Hennings 2005] [Henry et al. 2017] [Herdiana et al. 2023] [Higgins and Speelman 1973] [Hirayama et al. 2023] [Ho et al. 2025] [Horenstein and Roberts 1993] [Horenstein and Roberts 1994] [Hou et al. 2022] [Huang et al. 2018] [Huang et al. 2020] [Ibos et al. 1999] [Ibrahim and Engdahl 1974] [V. Oskay; W.H. Mermagen; J.W. Bradley 1981] [Islam 2024] [Ivanov 2015] [Ivanov 2021] [Iyer 2023a] [Iyer 2023b] [Janda et al. 2013] [Jann 2026] [Jasztal et al. 2022] [Johari and Desabrais 2002] [Johari and Desabrais 2003] [Johari et al. 2007] [Johnson 1969] [Johnson 1974b] [Johnson 1986] [Johnson 1989] [Johnson and Peterson 1984] [Jorgensen 1991] [Junfang Zhou et al. 2014] [Just 1991] [Karlgaard et al. 2018] [Karlgaard et al. 2019] [Kaspar and Grim 2025] [Keck 1975] [Kim and Peskin 2009] [Kimata et al. 2015] [Klimas 1973] [Klimas and Rogers 1975] [Klimas and Rogers 1977] [Knacke 1985] [Knapp and Barton 1967] [Konicke and Garrard 1981] [Kowaleczko grzegorz.kowaleczko@itwl.pl et al 2025] [Kross and Webb 1979] [Lands 1966] [Larson and Corwin 2013] [Laudadio 1972] [Laudadio 1973] [Lavier 1955] [Layfield and Carpenter 1995] [Lee 1984] [Lee 1989] [Lee 1993] [Lee 1994] [Lee et al. 2014] [Leonard et al. 1999] [Lezcano et al. 2022] [Li and Chen 2019] [Li et al. 2020c] [Li et al. 2023c] [Li et al. 2025b] [Lin 1989] [Lingard 1984] [Lingard 1995] [Lingard and Darley 2005] [Lingard et al. 2007] [Lingard et al. 2017] [Liu 2017] [Lobbia et al. 2026] [Lu et al. 2025] [Ludtke 1973] [Ludtke 1991] [Lyalin and Morozov 2005] [Macha 1993] [Maksimovic 1979] [Manjith 2026] [Marques et al. 2024] [Martin-Loef 1967] [Martins and Wehmann 2024] [Mattice 1982] [CLARK JR,EDWARD LEE et al. 2001] [McBride et al. 1999] [McCarty 1975] [McCarty 1978] [McEwan 1970] [McGarvey 1973] [Meacham et al. 2013] [Melzig and Schmidt 1965] [Meyer 1958] [Miles et al. 2017] [Militký et al. 2025] [Miller et al. 2014] [Miller et al. 2015] [Miller 1975] [Minnesota Univ Minneapolis Inst Of Tech 1962] [Miyoshi et al. 2009a] [Miyoshi et al. 2009b] [Modular Heavy Payload Autonomously 2009] [Moog and Kross 1982] [Moog et al. 1979a] [Moog et al. 1979b] [Moore 2013] [Moore and Morris 2011] [Morales-Ospino et al. 2023] [Morris et al. 2011] [Mosseev 1999] [Murrow 1965] [Namera et al. 2010] [Needleman and Tackett 1973] [Nerem and Pake 1973] [Niederer 1969] [Niemi and Bevillard 2015] [Niemi 1991] [Niemi 1992] [Olsen and Kennedy 1974] [Optimum Time of Delay 1942] [Ouyang and Zhang 2026] [Ouyang et al. 2026] [Ozawa et al. 2020] [Pantano and Montanez 2024] [Parachute 2003] [Payne 1973] [Payne and Band 1976] [Pearson 1972] [Pedersen 1961] [Pedersen 1964] [Pensado et al. 2026] [Pepermans et al. 2018] [Pepper 1977] [Pepper 1984b] [Pepper 1984a] [Pepper and Collins 1981] [Pepper and Cronin 1969] [Pepper 1979] [Perschbacher and Potvin 1999] [Peterson 1996] [Peterson et al. 1986] [Peterson et al. 2018] [Phillippe et al. 2024] [Placco 2023] [Poole 1973] [Potvin 1997] [Potvin 2001b] [Potvin 2001a] [Potvin 2007d] [Potvin 2007e] [Potvin 2007b] [Potvin 2007a] [Potvin 2007c] [Potvin 2022] [Potvin 2023] [Potvin and Rangel 2026] [Potvin and Ray 2019] [Potvin et al. 2007] [Pratap et al. 2019] [Priyadarshi et al. 2020] [Purvis 1981] [Purvis 1982] [Purvis 1984] [Jia et al. 2012] [Qiu et al. 2021] [Quadrelli et al. 2001] [Queen and Raiszadeh 2002] [Raper et al. 1973] [Ray 2013] [Reddy and Roberts 1975] [Redmond et al. 1994] [Redmond et al. 1995] [Reinhard et al. 1997] [Rhisat and Molki 2024] [Roberts 1968] [Roberts 1974] [Roberts 1975] [Roberts 1979] [Roberts 1980] [Rodier et al. 1984] [Roelke et al. 2025] [Roland et al. 2016] [Rollstin 1986] [Romano et al. 2026] [Runkle and Drobnik 1979] [Runkle and Woodis 1979] [Ryan 1966] [Rybakiewicz and PlachÁ 2023] [Rysev 1993] [Sadeck and Lee 2009] [Sagliano et al. 2024] [Sahu et al. 1997] [Sandstrom 1971] [Sant and Allen 2011] [Schatzle and Curry 1979] [Shankar et al. 2018] [Shi et al. 2015] [Shpund and Levin 1995] [Shyu and Hsiao 2014] [Silbert et al. 1986] [Sims 1963] [Smollett 1955] [Sonneveldt et al. 2019] [Spangelo and Well 1995] [Specification for Aircraft Emergency] [Spence 1969] [Standard Specification for Aircraft] [Stewart 2013] [Strickland et al. 2001] [Study of Solid Rocket 1972b] [Study of Solid Rocket 1972c] [Study on Critical Parachute 2024] [刘 2023] [Suit et al. 1964] [Sundberg 1975] [Taeger et al. 2007] [Taguchi et al. 2021] [Takabayashi et al. 2019] [Tang and Qian 2015a] [Tang and Qian 2015b] [Tang and Qian 2016] [Taylor and Murphy 2005] [Tezduyar 2007] [Thomas 1999] [Thomas and Thomas 1997] [Thomas and Thomas 2008] [Thomassin 2013] [Tiaden and Yakimenko 2008] [Tiaden and Yakimenko 2009] [Tian et al. 2014a] [To] [Tong et al. 2025] [Toni 1970] [Toni and Eckstrom 1980] [Toten et al. 1991] [Treichel 2012] [Treichel 2013] [Trovarelli and Mooij 2019] [Tutt and Taylor 2005] [Tutt et al. 2011] [Utreja 1975] [Vasilo’chenko and Ponomarev 1985] [Velasquez and Benedict 2015] [Vishniak 1993] [Vishnyak 1995] [Von Eckroth et al. 1991] [Wailes and Carlson 1986] [Walcott 1963] [Wang 2018] [Wang and Shih 1991] [Wang et al. 2020b] [Wang et al. 2021a] [Wang et al. 2026a] [Watkins 1995] [Watkins 2003] [Watson 1975] [Watts 1995] [Waye 1991] [Wei 1991] [Wei and Pearson 1974] [Wei et al. 2024] [Wen et al. 2022] [Whalley 1973] [White 1974] [Witkowski 1999] [Witkowski et al. 2009] [Wittendorfer and Wittendorfer 1997] [Wolf] [Wolf 1970] [Wolf 1971] [Wolf 1973] [Wolf 1974] [Wolf 1989] [Wolf 1999] [Wolf and Fallon 2011] [Wolf and Runkle 1995] [Wyllie 2001] [Xia et al. 2009] [Xiaodong et al. 2015] [Xing et al. 2020] [Xu et al. 2011] [Xue et al. 2019] [Yagoda 1960] [Yakimenko et al. 2008] [Yan Jieyi et al. 2010] [Yang et al. 2015] [Yang et al. 2017a] [Yang et al. 2018] [Yang et al. 2020] [Yasumura and Kitamura 2021] [Ye et al. 2026] [Yeakle et al. 2009] [Yingling et al. 2011] [Yonezawa et al. 2010] [Yu and Ming 2007] [Yu et al. 2014b] [Yu et al. 2025a] [Zhang et al. 2006] [Zhang et al. 2013b] [Zhang et al. 2021a] [Zhang et al. 2024c] [Zhang et al. 2025g] [Zhou et al. 2014] [Zhou et al. 2025a] [Zhurin 2019]

X-ray and ultraviolet astronomy and its detectors

The discipline that began on an Aerobee. Rocket-borne X-ray and ultraviolet observations of the sky, the cosmic X-ray background, the detectors, gratings and focusing optics built to fly on sounding rockets, and the reviews of X-ray astronomy as a field.

401 records. [A CS2 Lyman-alpha photon 1968] [A Program of High 1972] [Abbott and Walker 1970] [Acton et al. 1966] [Albyn 2007] [Allen 1978] [Anderson et al. 1979] [Arnaud et al. 2011] [Athay 1958] [Athay 1967] [Athiray et al] [Athiray et al. 2017] [Babcock et al. 1948] [Baily and Cleary 1962] [Barth et al. 1966] [Bartoe et al. 1978] [Baum et al. 1946] [Behring et al. 1958] [Behring et al. 1973] [Benediktov et al. 1962] [Bennett 1966] [Bless et al. 1968] [Boggess and Kondo 1967] [Boggess and Kondo 1968] [Bohlin et al. 1975] [Bohlin et al. 1978] [Boland et al. 1971] [Boldt 1987] [Boldt 1991] [Boldt et al. 1970] [Borst et al. 1970] [Bottema et al. 1969] [Bouziane et al. 2026] [Bowers 1970] [Bowyer et al. 1964a] [Bowyer et al. 1964b] [Bowyer et al. 1965] [Bowyer et al. 1970] [Boynton 1961] [Bradt et al. 1966a] [Bradt et al. 1966b] [Brandt and Yang 2024] [Brekke] [Brini et al. 1970] [Brosius et al. 1993] [Brosius et al. 2000] [Brosius et al. 2008] [Brueckner 1981] [Bruner and Rense 1967] [Bruner and Rense 1969] [Bruner et al. 1970] [Bruner et al. 1973] [Bruner et al. 1979] [Burgess and Westberg 1961] [Byram et al. 1957] [Byram et al. 1958] [Byram et al. 1966] [Calcines Rosario et al. 2024] [Carlqvist and Laurent 1976] [Carruthers 1970] [Carruthers 1971] [Carruthers 1979] [Carruthers et al. 1982] [Catch a Falling Star 1993] [Catchpoole 1971] [Catchpoole 1973] [Catura and Acton 1975b] [Catura and Acton 1976] [Catura et al. 1979] [Cebula and Feldman 1982] [Chamberlin et al. 2004] [Chamberlin et al. 2006] [Chentsov et al. 2021a] [Chentsov et al. 2021b] [Chubb and Friedman 1955] [Clark 1968] [Clark et al. 1965] [Clark et al. 1966] [Coblentz and Stair 1936] [Codrean et al. 2025] [Combes 1971] [Comparison of Solar 1966] [Comparison of the Theory 1992] [Comparison of Theory 1993] [Coronal Observations and Rocket 1965] [Cotton and Chakrabarti 1992] [Cotton et al. 1989] [Courvoisier 2012] [Cowan and Widing 1973] [Cox and Anderson 1982] [Cruz Aguirre et al. 2026] [Culhane 1975] [Culhane 1981] [Dar 2008] [Davila et al. 1997] [Davis 1989] [Decoding Solar Ultraviolet Radiations 1965] [DeRoo et al] [Design and Fabrication 1984] [Deters et al. 1966] [Devasia et al. 2022] [Donders et al] [Donnelly and Hall 1973] [Dual Reticle Star Tracker 1969] [Dupree 1972] [Durand et al. 1949] [Dwivedi et al. 1998] [Eckart et al. 2019] [Erickson et al. 2021] [Evans 1965b] [Evans 1965a] [Evans 1966] [Evans and Dunkelman 1969] [Examination of Ultraviolet Radiation 1992] [Extreme Ultraviolet Observations 1972] [Fabian and Sanford 1971] [Fabrication of X-Ray Telescopes 1981] [Fahr et al. 1978] [Farr et al. 2023] [Fastie 1971] [Fastie et al. 1975] [Faucher-Giguère 2020] [Fayock et al. 2013b] [Feldman et al. 1985] [Feng et al. 2024] [Fialho and Mortari 2019] [Finzi 1964] [Fisher 1966] [Fisher 1985] [Fisher et al. 1969] [Friedman 1959a] [Friedman 1971b] [Friedman 1971a] [Friedman 1979] [Friedman et al. 1964] [Friedman et al. 1967b] [Froechtenigt 1974] [Gabriel et al. 1971] [Gantner et al. 2010] [Gantner et al. 2011] [Gardner 1971] [Garmire 1974] [Garmire 1976] [Garrett et al. 1962] [Ghosh 2002] [Giacconi 1981] [Giacconi et al. 1965b, Spectral Data] [Giacconi et al. 1966a] [Giacconi et al. 1966b] [Giacconi et al. 1967a] [Giacconi et al. 1967b] [Giacconi et al. 1967c] [Giacconi et al. 1968] [Giles et al. 1976] [Gingerich and Rich 1968] [Goldberg et al. 1965] [Goldfinger et al. 2016a] [Golub 1984] [Golub 1985] [Golub 1987] [Golub 1989] [Golub 1996] [Golub 1997] [Golub 1998b] [Golub et al. 1985] [Gorenstein and Fabricant 1979] [Gorenstein et al. 1968] [Gorenstein et al. 1971] [Gorenstein et al. 1978] [Grazing Incidence Imaging Telescope 1979] [Greeb and Shrewsberry 1970] [Greve and McKeith 1974] [Griffiths et al. 1975] [Haddock 1961] [Halferty et al. 2023] [Hansen et al. 2025] [Harri et al. 1969] [Harris et al. 1992] [Hartig et al. 1980] [Harwit et al. 1970] [Harwit et al. 1971] [Hasinger 2008] [Hayakawa et al. 1970] [Heath 1968] [Hedin and Nier 1966] [Hennes 1965] [Henry 1973] [Heroux 1976] [Hinteregger 1965a] [Hoadley et al. 2020] [Holt 1974] [Hoover et al. 1986] [Hoover et al. 1993] [Houtgast 1968] [Hynek 1947] [Ikeda 1975] [Inoue 1991] [Ishikawa et al. 2018] [Jakimiec et al. 1999] [Jelinksy et al. 1995] [Jenkins 1973] [Jenkins et al. 1988] [Johnson et al. 1955] [Jones et al. 1971] [Jordan et al. 1978] [Jordan et al. 1986] [Juda et al. 1992] [Karabadzhak et al. 2000] [Kayat 1978] [Kayser et al. 1986] [Keenan et al. 1994] [Keenan et al. 1996] [Keller and Thomas 1973] [Kennedy and Niemann 1966] [Kent et al. 1994] [Kestenbaum et al. 1971] [Khassanchine et al. 2006a] [Klein and Penzias 1967] [Kolb et al. 1988] [Kondo 1971] [Kondo 1972] [Korendyke et al. 1994] [Krein 1973] [Kruczek et al. 2025] [Krueger 1969] [Kuznetsov 2002] [LeBlanc 1981] [Levin et al. 1991] [Levin et al. 1993] [Li et al. 2021b] [Li et al. 2022a] [Li et al. 2023b] [Li et al. 2025e] [Liu et al. 2022b] [Loncaric 2021] [Loncaric et al. 2003] [Long et al. 1979] [Ma et al. 2025] [Mackison et al. 1972] [Maggi 2021] [Malina et al. 1979] [Margon et al. 1976] [Martin and Bowyer 1989] [Matsuhara et al. 1994] [Matsuoka et al. 1970] [Matsuzaki et al. 1981] [McAllister 1971b] [McAllister 1971a] [McAllister and Smith 1975a] [McAllister and Smith 1975b] [McCabe and McAllister 1982] [McDonald 1979] [McEntaffer et al. 2005] [McEntaffer et al. 2006] [McKenzie et al] [McKenzie et al. 1976] [Meadows and Townsend 1956] [Meier et al. 1985] [Mendenhall and Burrows 2001] [Mendenhall et al. 1996] [Meriwether 1979] [Miles 2025] [Milligan and Stecher 1963] [Mitchell and Mohler 1969] [Moore et al. 1975] [Moore et al. 1977] [Moos et al. 1969] [Moran 2002] [Moretti et al. 2009] [Morrill et al. 2011] [Morton 1969] [Morton et al. 1977] [Moses 1989b] [Moses and Davis 1988] [Moses et al. 1989] [Murray 1976] [Nell et al. 2023] [Neupert 1965] [Neupert and Smith 1964] [Nichols and Schaefer 1964] [Nichols and Shaefer 1963] [Nier 1970] [Nikol’skij 1982] [Novick 1973] [Nusinov and Katyushina 1994] [Observational Techniques in X-Ray 1989] [Offermann 1974] [Onaka et al. 1985] [Osipov 1985] [Page 1974] [Pal and Bhat 2013] [Paresce and Bowyer 1976] [Parkinson and Reeves 1969] [Parkinson et al. 1974] [Pecker and Rohrlich 1963] [Porter et al. 1966] [Porter et al. 1967] [Pottasch 1963] [Pottasch 1964] [Pottasch 1967] [Produit et al. 2023] [Proportional Counter Spectrometer 1963] [Pryor et al. 1992] [Purcell and Widing 1972] [Rappaport 1987] [Ravi et al. 2021] [Real Time Spacecraft Attitude 1979] [Research in X-Ray Astronomy 1997] [Results of Radioastronomical Tracking 1961] [Rogers 1990] [Rossi 1965] [Rossi 1967b] [Rossi 1967a] [Rottman et al. 1973a] [Rottman et al. 1973b] [Roy et al. 2021] [Sawada et al. 2025] [Schaefer 1963] [Schiminovich et al. 1997] [Schmidtke 2015] [Schröder et al. 2017] [Schweizer and Schmidtke 1971] [Schühle et al. 2011] [Seward et al. 1974] [Shakeri] [Siddiqui 1974] [Sinanoğlu et al. 1966] [Slater et al. 1995] [Smith 1972] [Smith 1975] [Smith 2003] [Sofieva et al. 2004] [Solar Ultraviolet Radiation 2006] [Solar x Ray Astronomy 1990] [Sources of Solar Ultraviolet 1962] [Spectrometers and Imagers 2008] [Spiller et al. 1991] [Stecher 1965] [Steigman 1976] [Stenflo et al. 1976] [Stockman et al. 1975] [Stude et al. 2021] [Subbaraya et al. 1973] [Sudbury 1969] [Sugimura 1978] [Suliga et al. 2022] [Sun 1991] [Takeda et al. 2020] [Tanaka 1981] [Teague et al. 2002] [Telikicherla et al. 2026] [the Cosmic X-Ray Background 1985] [The Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum 1965] [The Intensity Distribution 1962] [The Solar UV Variability 2006] [Thomas] [Thomas 2003] [Thomas and Neupert 1994] [Timothy et al. 1975] [Toor and Seward 1974] [Topka et al. 1979] [Tousey 1961] [Tousey 1971] [Tousey and Limansky 1972] [Tousey et al. 1947] [Tousey et al. 1959] [Tr�mper] [Ulmer 1988] [Vaganov and Kazakov 2019] [Verberne et al. 2015] [Vigil et al. 2021] [Vuiets] [Weiser and Moos 1978] [Weisskopf et al. 1972] [West et al. 2007] [Weymann 1968] [Widing 1982] [Wilkerson et al. 2019] [Williamson and Maxson 1975] [Windt 2015] [Witt et al. 2021] [Witt et al. 2023] [Wolff 1975] [Wong and Lai 1980] [Woodgate et al. 1973] [Woods et al. 1985] [Woods et al. 1992a] [Woods et al. 1992b] [Woods et al. 1993] [Wulf et al. 2019] [X-Ray Astronomy from Sounding 1972] [X-Ray Telescope Experiment Package 1966] [Xu 1984] [Yanchukovsky and Belinskaya 2022] [Yang et al. 1975] [Yentis et al. 1971] [Zerefos 1997] [Zhang et al. 2016c] [Zhang et al. 2018] [Zhenduo and Shurong 2012] [Zirin 1963]

Hypergolic and storable propellants and their green successors

The propellant choice and its replacement. Nitric acid and aniline, hydrazines and nitrogen tetroxide, the handling and corrosion problems of fuming nitric acid, ignition delay, and the green hypergols based on hydrogen peroxide and ionic liquids. Of its 355 dated records, 204 were published in 2010 or later, which is the reopened propellant problem the review below describes.

357 records. [Abbe et al. 1967] [Abbe et al. 1968] [Abernathy et al. 1983] [Agosta et al. 1966] [Ak et al. 2011] [Alfano et al. 2006] [Anderson et al. 1963] [Andriievskyi et al. 2018] [Arnd et al. 1995] [Baier et al. 2019] [Baker 1958] [Benhidjeb-Carayon et al. 2018] [Bhosale and Yoon 2024] [Bhosale et al. 2019] [Bhosale et al. 2020a] [Bhosale et al. 2020b] [Bhosale et al. 2024] [Bhowmick et al. 2026] [Birchenough 2024] [Biswas et al. 2025a] [Black et al. 2018] [Blevins et al. 2004] [Bloom et al. 1950] [Bomberger 1957] [Bonniot and Thomas 1998] [Boruc et al. 2024] [Breen 1967] [Breen et al. 1967] [Bryant and Fye 1950] [Burns and Muraca 1963] [Caffiero et al. 2024a] [Caffiero et al. 2024b] [Caffiero et al. 2026] [Campbell and Riccio 1995] [Cardoso et al. 2026] [Carre and Hall 1983] [Castaneda and Natan 2019] [Castaneda and Natan 2022] [Castaneda et al. 2019] [Castaneda et al. 2025] [Chang et al. 2025] [Chang et al. 2026] [Chen and McQuaid 2014] [Chen et al. 2009] [Cheng et al. 2026] [Chhibber et al. 1992] [Choi and Bach 2025] [Chowdhury et al. 2009] [Christos and Perlee 1965] [Chuen and Wilber 1966] [Ciepluch et al. 1961] [Cieśliński et al. 2024] [Cieśliński et al. 2025] [Clapp 1969] [Clements et al. 2019] [Coil 2010] [Connaughton and Wharton 1966] [Connell et al. 2014] [Connell et al. 2018a] [Connell et al. 2018b] [Corbett et al. 1964] [Cortopassi and Boyer 2017] [Crocco 1951] [Crocco et al. 1955] [Crone et al. 1993] [Croomes and McNutt 1968] [Curdaneli et al. 2013] [Dambach et al. 2010] [Darfilal et al. 2026] [Das et al. 2026] [Davis and Davis 1997] [Davis and Keefe 1956] [Davis and Yilmaz 2014] [Deng et al. 2025] [Dennis et al. 2011] [Dennis et al. 2012] [Dennis et al. 2015] [Dennis et al. 2018] [DeSain et al. 2010] [Diachenko and Temnov 2015] [Dias et al. 2024a] [Dias et al. 2024b] [Dodge et al. 1972] [Dove et al. 1996] [Dubey et al. 2026] [Dumas et al. 2023] [Durgapal and Chakrabartt 1974] [Earth Storable Bimodal Engine 1973] [Elzein et al. 2021] [Evans et al. 1976] [Fareghi‐Alamdari et al 2019] [Fontana 1957] [Friedman 1969] [Frolik and Austin 2001] [Frolik et al. 2000] [Gao et al. 2022b] [Ge et al. 2026] [Girdhar and Ahmad 1977] [Glivin and Sreeja 2019] [Goiko et al. 2020] [Goldin et al. 2024] [Gostowski 2003] [Gostowski 2004] [Greene et al. 2004] [Gross-Gronomski 1963] [Guirguis 2006] [Gune et al. 1985] [Guo et al. 2026a] [Guo et al. 2026b] [Gupta et al. 1986] [Guseinov et al. 2018] [Guseinov et al. 2023] [Haas and Prince 1984] [Habiballah et al. 1992a] [Hallit 1996] [Hallit et al. 1997] [Hampton and Smith 2004] [Hampton et al. 2003] [Hankins 1986] [Hao et al. 2017] [Hatai and Nagata 2022] [He et al. 2013] [Hoffman 1987] [Hollingshead et al. 2021] [Hong-bo et al. 2020] [Honn et al. 1956] [Hoover and Hutchison 1957] [Horvath 1989] [Hou et al. 2025] [Humble 2000] [Instability Phenomenology and Case 1995b] [Jabri et al. 2024] [Jain 1988] [Jain and Murthy 1990] [Jain et al. 1979] [Jain et al. 1988] [Jeong et al. 2021] [Jeong et al. 2023] [Jeong et al. 2024] [Jiang et al. 2025a] [Jiao et al. 2017] [Jin et al. 2021] [Jin et al. 2022] [Jindal and Botchu Vara Siva 2025] [Jo and Choi 2025] [John et al. 2020] [John et al. 2024] [Juran and Stechman 1967] [Jyoti and Baek 2014] [Kandhakumar et al. 2016] [Kang and Kwon 2015] [Kang and Kwon 2017] [Kang and Kwon 2018] [Kang et al. 2016] [Kang et al. 2017] [Kang et al. 2020] [Kang et al. 2026b] [Kaplan 1961] [Kaplan and Andrus 1948] [Kapusta et al. 2021] [Kim and Kang 2025] [Kim et al. 2019] [Kim et al. 2021] [Kim et al. 2023] [Kim et al. 2024b] [Kim et al. 2025a] [Kim et al. 2025c] [Knab et al. 1998] [Kokal et al. 2025] [Krishnan et al. 1992] [Kubal et al. 2010b] [Kubal et al. 2010a] [Kulkarni and Bagalkote 2010] [Kulkarni and Panda 1981] [Kulkarni and Panda 1984] [Kulkarni et al. 2009] [Kumar and Agarwal 2024] [Ladanyi 1952] [Laithier et al. 1999] [Langel et al. 1998] [Large Eddy Simulation 2023] [Lawyer 1972] [Lee 2009] [Lee et al. 2008] [Lee et al. 2022a] [Levi et al. 2026] [Levoe et al. 1957] [Li et al. 2014a] [Li et al. 2019b] [Li et al. 2023a] [Li et al. 2024] [Li et al. 2025c] [Liang et al. 2022a] [Liberto 1961] [Lin and Young 2023] [Lin and Young 2025b] [Lin and Young 2025a] [Lin and Young 2026] [Litzinger and Iyer 2010] [Liu and Glassford 1981] [Long et al. 2002] [Luo et al. 2020] [Makovky and Salmon 1958] [Martin and Sievers 1970] [Maschio et al. 2021] [Mason 1956] [Mason and Rittenhouse 1958] [Mason et al. 1957] [Matsuno et al. 2003] [Matsuno et al. 2005] [Matsuura and Tashiro 2013] [Matsuura et al. 2014] [Matsuura et al. 2024] [McAdams 1955] [McCrary et al. 2014] [McQuaid 2003] [Melof and Grubelich 2001] [Mendoza et al. 2024] [Mendoza et al. 2025] [Mikolaitis et al. 2003] [Minakov 2025] [Miron and Perlee 1974] [Miyajima and Sakamoto 1971] [Mota et al. 2023] [Mota et al. 2024a] [Mota et al. 2024b] [Mota et al. 2025] [Munjal 1968] [Munjal and Parvatiyar 1974] [Munjal and Parvatiyar 1975] [Munjal et al. 1972] [Munjal et al. 1985] [Musker 2003] [Naseem et al. 2017] [Nath et al. 2022] [Nath et al. 2023a] [Nath et al. 2023c] [Nath et al. 2023b] [Nath et al. 2024] [Negri and Lauck 2022] [Neumaier et al. 2012] [Newsome et al. 2015] [Nigodjuk and Sulinov 2016] [Nitric Acid or Perchloric 2023] [Nufer 2010] [Nusca 2007] [Nusca 2008] [Nusca 2010] [Nusca and McQuaid] [Nusca and McQuaid 2004] [Nusca and McQuaid 2006] [Nusca et al. 2007] [Nusca et al. 2008] [Palmnäs and Sundén 1988] [Panda and Kulkarni 1977] [Panda et al. 1989] [Panda et al. 1994] [Park et al. 2020] [Park et al. 2022] [Passamaneck and Chirivella 1977] [Petrutik et al. 2023] [Pfitzer et al. 1959] [Phelps et al. 1955] [Phillips et al. 1969] [Pialat et al. 2022] [Pitchaiah and Krishna 1980] [Pourpoint and Anderson 2005] [Pourpoint and Anderson 2007] [Qin et al. 2016] [Rang et al. 2022] [Reamer et al. 1953] [Reddy et al. 2010] [Reich 2012] [Ricker et al. 2022] [Rittenhouse 1957] [Rittenhouse and Papp 1958] [Rittenhouse and Whittick 1956] [Rittenhouse et al. 1955] [Riyadl et al. 2023] [Robison 1953] [Romantsova and Ulybin 2015] [Anfal et al. 2026] [Saad et al. 1973] [Sahara et al. 2006] [Sahul Kumar and Ramakrishna 2026] [Sakurai et al. 2020] [Sarritzu et al. 2024] [Schalla and Fletcher 1959] [Schauer and Schmucker 1977] [Schneider et al. 2011] [Seamans and Dawson 1967] [Sengupta and Cole 2010] [Sengupta et al. 2023] [Sheng et al. 2020] [Shin et al. 2023] [Shin et al. 2024] [Shoaib et al. 2018] [Shteinberg] [Siebenhaar and Campbell 1987] [Simulation and Analysis 2004b] [Smith and Sforzini 1972] [Smith and Stechman 1981] [Sobczak et al. 2017] [Soudarin et al. 2024] [Soudarin et al. 2026b] [Soudarin et al. 2026a] [Sprague 1955] [Stechman 1993] [Stechman and Drenning 1981] [Stober et al. 2020] [Stützer et al. 2022] [Sugur 1983] [Sun and Tang 2020] [Prasanna et al. 2018] [Terashima et al. 2026] [Thomas et al. 2016] [Thomas et al. 2017] [Titi et al. 2021] [Trent and Zucrow 1951] [Trent and Zucrow 1952] [Tsujikado et al. 2006] [Türker 2023] [Ulas and Kuo 1997] [Venugopal et al. 2011] [Wang and Thynell 2012] [Wang et al. 2010a] [Wang et al. 2021b] [Wang et al. 2022f] [Wang et al. 2024b] [Wayman and Potter 1957] [Wei et al. 2019a] [Weismiller et al. 2015] [Wilson 1953] [Wolf et al. 1956] [Wu et al. 1999] [Wu et al. 2022] [Xiao et al. 2015] [Xiao et al. 2022] [Yang et al. 2025b] [Yang et al. 2025d] [Yang et al. 2026c] [Yee 1958] [Yilmaz et al. 2025] [Yoon et al. 2024] [Yuan et al. 2015] [Yun 2017] [Zarbo et al. 2015] [Zhang et al. 2016a] [Zhang et al. 2017] [Zhang et al. 2023b] [Zhang et al. 2024d] [Zhang et al. 2025a] [Zhao et al. 2021] [Zhu et al. 2025a] [Zhuang et al. 1999] [Zohari et al. 2020] [Zucrow and Warner 1950]

Launch, static stability and dispersion of unguided rockets

The flight mechanics of an unguided finned rocket. Launchers, tip-off and launcher setting, static stability and fin aerodynamics, pitch damping, wind weighting and wind compensation, and the dispersion of sounding rockets, artillery rockets and fin-stabilised projectiles.

359 records. [Abbas and Rui 2011] [Abdul Hamid 2025] [Abdulkerim 2022] [Abreu et al. 2020] [Ageev and Pavlenko 2016] [Air Force Space Command Space Missile SYS CTR 2014] [Alam and Pant 2019] [Albertson et al. 2012] [Alicea 2026] [Amaral et al. 2026] [Ammons 1973] [Ammons et al. 1970a] [Ammons et al. 1970b] [An Improved Theoretical Aerodynamic 1979] [Anderson 1958] [Anderson 1961] [Andi Wira Satria et al. 2026] [Andrews 1996] [Aogaki et al. 2017] [Armendariz et al. 1963] [Arnold 1973] [AytaÇ and AktaŞ 2020] [Babb and Fuller 1967] [Baker 1978] [Baker and Galigher 1960] [Le Ban and Konečný 2021] [Barbosa et al. 2016] [Barrowman 1967] [Barrowman 1982] [Bawa and Michalski 2025] [Beale 1963] [Benedikt 1953] [Bensimon 1973] [Bernhard 1967] [Bertin et al. 1981] [Bhagwandin and Sahu 2011] [Bhagwandin and Sahu 2013] [Bhavnani and Robinson 1979] [Bigarella et al. 2004] [Bilash and Velychko 2026] [Blake 1993] [Blenk and Rupram 2025] [Boersma et al. 1970] [Bolonkin 2005a] [Bolonkin 2005b] [Bond and Swanson 1953] [Bordachev and Kolga 2024] [Bordachev et al. 2023] [Boscov et al. 1986] [Braun 1958] [Briggs 1986] [Buck and Blanchard 1986] [Bull and Murphy 1964] [Burns 1993] [Cadamuro et al. 2024] [Callaway 1963] [Cavender et al. 2012] [Celmins 1990] [Cerantola et al. 2024] [Ceresuela 1967] [Chadalavada et al. 2026] [Chapter XVIII 1983] [Chasovnikov 2020] [Choi et al. 2025] [Christensen and Richardson 1977] [Churchyard 1979] [Clay 1967] [Cochran and Duncan 1966] [Cochran and Christensen 1981] [Consort Suborbital Rocket Series 1993] [Cook 1965] [Cost and Weeks 1980] [Costello and Agarwalla 2001] [Costello and Costello 1997] [Cote 1965] [Cox 1957] [Curcin and Harris 1986] [Curry and Uselton 1967] [Danberg and Weinacht 2002] [Daniels 1970a] [Davidson 2021] [Davies 1964] [de Oliveira et al. 2024] [Della Posta et al. 2024] [Dembrow and Sorgnit 1964] [Deng et al. 2017] [Deng et al. 2026b] [Anti Tip-Off Device 1997] [Design and Testing for] [Dietz et al. 1946] [Dillenius et al. 1992] [Dillon 1996] [Ding-guo and Jian-qiang 2005] [Dpc 2016] [Dudenhoeffer 1982] [Duncan and Engebos 1969] [Duncan and Engebos 1970] [Duncan and Ensey 1964] [Effect of Sting Plunging 1978] [Eisa et al. 2024] [Ericsson 1980] [Ericsson 1985] [Ericsson 1987] [Erline and Hathaway 1999] [Essenwanger 1963] [Fansler and Schmidt 1976] [Favaregh and Landman 2006] [Felicetti et al. 2014] [Feodosiev and Siniarev 1959d] [Ferris 1967] [Ferriter and Reba 1978] [Figueroa 2024] [Franzmann et al. 2021] [Frye 1951] [Furst and Hazell 1970] [Gamble and Jenkins] [Gamble and Jenkins 2001] [Gantmakher and Levin 1964b] [Garcia and da Silveira 2015] [Gillerlain and Joseph D. 1976b] [Gillerlain and Joseph D. 1976a] [Gillerlain 1979] [Gillis and Mitchell 1957] [Girard 1986] [Goncalves de Miranda et al. 2000] [Goucem and Khiri 2023] [Griner 1967b] [Griner 1967a] [Groteluschen 1967] [Hashimoto and Saitoh 2003] [Heavey et al. 2001] [Hemsch 1985] [Hemsch and Nielsen 1983] [Hiers 2018] [Hoult 1968] [Hoult 1976] [Humbad 1974] [Ibrahim et al. 2024] [Immich and Hufenbach 1994] [Infantono et al. 2014] [Ingram et al. 1970] [Ivchenko et al. 2017] [Jacewicz et al. 2022] [Jaquet 1961] [Jenn and Nelson 1988] [Jensen 1980] [Jitpraphai and Costello 2001] [Joo et al. 2025] [Jung et al. 2021] [Kalivretenos 1971] [Keba and Kulabukhov 2024] [Keynton 1961] [Khalil et al. 2009] [Khan et al. 2025] [Kim 2026] [Kim and Yee 2020] [Kim et al. 2018] [Kim et al. 2025b] [Kleb 1996] [Knoche and Gregoriou 1978] [Koelle 1981] [Kolusz et al. 2019] [Koomphati 2017] [Kopp and Nielsen 1963] [Kornblum 1970] [Korolev 2019] [Kovács et al. 2020] [Kreeger et al. 1997] [Krieger 1980] [Krishnan and Raghavan 2024] [Krumins 1972] [Kryvoruka and Ashurst 1974] [Жолдыбаевич et al. 2026] [Kumar et al. 2021] [Larsen 1967] [Lawden 1958] [Lee and Wilms 1961] [Lee et al. 2020a] [Lee et al. 2024a] [Leng et al. 2016] [Li 2012] [Li et al. 2022b] [Lieske and Kochenderfer 1966] [Lindsay and Fikes 1976] [Lindsay and Jordan 1975] [Liu et al. 2025d] [Logan et al. 2007] [Loposer and Rumsey 1954] [Luckert 1973] [Ludlow and Qin 1998] [Lübken 1997] [Campos and Gil 2020] [MacAllister and Rogers 1955] [Macpherson 1962] [Maeda et al. 2019] [Mahmoud et al. 2014] [Makam 2025] [Mandić et al. 2018] [Margasahayam et al. 2002] [Mayo 1966] [Mayo 1967] [Mazzaracchio 2022] [Mbatha et al. 2009] [McCoy 1976] [McGarvey 1976] [McLaughlin et al. 2013] [Ahmed et al. 2025] [Miao et al. 2023] [Milne et al. 2023] [Mitcham et al. 1952] [Miura 2010] [Mladenov and Sugiyama 1997] [Moe and Moe 2011] [Montag and Walker 1979] [Montag et al. 1982] [Montag et al. 1986] [Moore 1972] [Moore and Moore 2008b] [Mora et al. 2026] [Moran and Beran 1995] [Moreschi and Schulz 2016] [Morrison et al. 1975] [Mossman and Perkins 2001] [Muller et al. 2020] [Murphy 1963] [Murphy 1970b] [Nascimento et al. 2019] [Naval Proving Ground Dahlgren VA 1944] [Nazarenko et al. 1991] [Nelson 1988] [Nelson and Talpallikar 1990] [Nelson et al. 2005] [Newcomb 1963] [Nicolaides et al. 1967] [Лук’яненко et al. 2024] [Nunez-Quispe 2022] [Ogawa et al. 2004] [Ohshima and Sugiyama] [Olejnik et al. 2022] [Oliveira et al. 2015] [Oliveira Junior et al. 2025] [Olsen 1969] [Orgeira-Crespo et al. 2022] [Orr 2011] [Osawa and Hewitt 1986] [Otsuki et al. 2022] [Park and Kwon 2003] [Parkin 2004] [Paxton 2021] [Peters et al. 2006] [Pickell 1976] [Price and Woods 1968] [Qin and Smead 2021] [Sarsar et al. 2023] [Rachele and Armendariz 1967] [Ramsey 1974] [Rapp 2025] [Rasheed et al. 2025] [Ravinder Reddy et al. 2019] [Raza and Wang 2022] [Razgonyaev and Mason 1995] [Regan et al. 1966] [Reilly 1979] [Robbins 1965] [Robertson and Iglesias 2025] [Robinson 1961] [Robinson 1970] [Rodi et al. 2019] [Rogers and Walter K. 1953] [Rogers and Walter K. 1958] [Roloff 1957] [Roth 1969] [Rui 2016] [Sabapathy 2026] [Saiki et al. 2026b] [Salehi Paniagua et al. 2025] [Salleh et al. 2024] [Samardžić 2023] [Santoni et al. 2010] [Sarae et al. 2025] [Sathe et al. 2026] [Schermerhorn and Demeritte 1960] [Schmidt 1980] [Schrempp et al. 1996] [Shantz and Demeritte 1958] [Silton and Coyle 2015] [Silva Oliveira et al. 2017] [Singh et al. 1975] [Smit and Gorrell 2026] [Spearman 1979] [Steinberg et al. 1972] [Steppert and Epple 2017] [Stevens et al. 1974] [Stippes 1962] [Strelnikov et al. 2013] [Sundar 1978] [Sung and Park 1960] [Swanson 1962] [Szklarski and Głębocki 2025] [Szklarski et al. 2020] [Tai et al. 2023] [Takovitskii 2020] [Talpallikar and Nelson 1990] [Tan et al. 2024] [Tao et al. 2026] [Tekure et al. 2021] [Terhune et al. 2011] [Tetervin 1963] [Thompson et al. 1987] [Thomson 1980] [Thurston 1965] [Tomita 1995] [ToptaŞ and Yilmaz 2024] [Trescot et al. 1973] [Trushlyakov 2014] [Tun et al. 2020] [Uno et al. 2003] [Uselton 1978] [Uselton and Uselton 1975] [Van Der Maas 1962] [Vandersteen et al. 2018] [Vergasova and Kazimirovsky 2010] [Wall et al] [Walters 1967] [Wang et al. 2011b] [Wasilczuk et al. 2024] [Weeks and Cost 1980] [Weinacht 1991] [Weinacht 1994] [Weinacht 1995] [Weinacht 1998] [Weinacht and Danberg 2003] [Weinacht and Danberg 2004] [Welberg et al. 2015] [West 1976] [Wignall 2024] [Williamson 1966] [Wilson 1967] [Wilson and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) 1967] [Wilson 1970] [Wilson 1983] [Winchenbach 1997] [Windsor 1976] [Wineman 1951] [Wright and Zoby 1977] [Wu et al. 2026b] [Xu et al. 2020] [Xu et al. 2026] [Yamin and Hadi 2026] [Yang et al. 2024a] [Yarrow] [Yuska 1966] [Zawadzki et al. 2024] [Zhang et al. 2013a] [Zhou and Huang 2024] [Zhou et al. 2012] [Ziegler 1963] [§ 5. the Free 2014] [Żurawka et al. 2023]

Suborbital microgravity and biological flight

The short exposure obtained often, in its modern form. Materials, fluids and combustion experiments flown in the minutes of free fall a sounding rocket provides, cell and organism biology on suborbital flights, and the weightlessness research of the 1950s and 1960s that the Aerobee animal flights began.

293 records. [Park 2005] [Albert Storace 2023] [Aldrich and Whitt 1979] [Andrews and Andrews 2000] [Antoniuk and Pohner 1991] [Apte and Yang 2000] [Apte and Yang 2002] [Archiving Microgravity Flight Data 1996] [Bandyopadhyay et al. 2019] [Bartoo et al. 1960] [Bastin and Edberg 1994] [Belleville and Lange 1971] [Benner et al. 1995] [Berg 1968] [Biryuk et al. 2013] [Biswas et al. 2025b] [Bohn 2003] [Boronowsky] [Bradley 1964] [Broderson et al. 1969] [Brown et al. 2000] [Brueckner and Nicolas 1973] [Burkhardt and Hayes 1992] [Busch 1978] [Bushnell 2007] [Byrne 1963] [Cankaya and Arnold 2006] [Carpenter 1969] [Carpenter 1971] [Carpenter 2014] [Casalino and Pastrone 2008] [Collicott and Lokhande 2026] [Han 2005] [Combustion Instability Analysis 1995d] [Conboy and Desjardins 2024] [Croccolo et al. 2016] [Crosby et al. 2014] [Crowley et al. 1996] [Curren et al. 1967] [Daimon et al. 2012] [Pria et al. 2024] [Davis 1973] [de Lucena et al] [Dean and Shurley 1958] [DeLombard et al. 1999] [Denker 1969a] [DeSpirito 2012] [DeSpirito 2013] [Di et al. 2026] [Duraisamy et al. 2017] [Early 1966] [Ecker 1991] [Erdos 1977] [Eyer et al. 1985] [Ezquerro et al. 2019] [Fagherazzi et al. 2021] [Fan and Zhong 2022] [Favier et al. 1994] [Ferl 2014] [Ferl et al. 2026] [Fernandez et al. 2017] [Ferraiuolo et al. 2016] [Fine 1979] [Fiore et al. 2025] [First sounding rocket campaigns 1982] [Flandro 1964] [Fluid-Dynamics Experiment Sensitivity 2002] [Fominov and Tcema 1995] [Ryu 2009] [Franklin and Tinsley 1970] [French 1967] [Friedrich et al. 2025] [Fu et al. 2026a] [Fu et al. 2026b] [Fulton 1966] [Garcia et al. 2023] [García et al. 2018] [Generales 1963] [Generalized Two-Impulse Scheme 1962] [Gente et al. 2024] [Girata and McGregor 1983] [Goldman et al. 1975] [Gorgiladze 2002] [Gourlay] [Gradl and Brandsmeier 2016] [Guessi Domiciano et al. 2024] [Gândara et al. 2025] [Haberl et al. 2024] [Haveman et al. 2022] [Hawkins 1963] [Heng et al. 2024] [Hernandez et al. 2019] [Hess 1969] [Holbeck et al. 2026] [Horizontal Inhomogeneity 2023] [Hurlbert 1997] [Hurlbert et al. 2002] [Ichinomiya et al. 2019] [Iles et al. 2026] [Inatomi et al. 2014] [Ishizuka et al. 2018] [Jacques 1975] [Jamison 1966] [Jamison 1967] [Ji and Sun 2015] [Jialong Ji and Bing Sun 2014] [Jiang et al. 2023] [Jiang et al. 2026] [Johnston et al. 1983] [Jones et al. 2001] [Jonsson et al. 1982] [Jönsson 1988] [Kanal 1978] [Kanazaki et al. 2015] [Kang and Sun 2011] [Kannengieser et al. 2010] [Kanner et al. 2002] [Kartuzova and Kassemi 2011] [Kartuzova and Kassemi 2017] [Kartuzova and Kassemi 2019] [Kassemi and Hylton] [Kassemi and Hylton 2025] [Kassemi et al] [Kassemi et al] [Kassemi et al. 2013] [Kassemi et al. 2018b] [Ke and Yang 2011] [Ke et al. 2009] [Khan and Qamar 2020] [Kim et al. 2014b] [Kim et al. 2014a] [Kose and Celik 2023] [Kosmann et al. 1978] [Krause and Blum 2004] [Kruse et al. 2023] [Kunz 1967] [Lant et al. 2008] [Lee and Evans 1963] [Lee et al. 2012] [Левихин and Musteikis 2025] [Levine et al. 2009] [Li et al. 2016a] [Liggett and Karr 1994] [Lin and Hasan 1992] [Liu et al. 2016a] [Liu et al. 2019a] [Liu et al. 2020c] [Llanos et al. 2019] [Llanos et al. 2021] [Llanos et al. 2024] [Ludtke 1986] [Luo et al. 2022] [Luo et al. 2025] [Lv et al. 2023a] [Maag and Hansen 1991] [Maheskumar et al. 2021] [Maiolino et al. 2022] [Malone et al. 1974] [Marchi et al. 2004] [Martinkovic 1970] [Miao et al. 2024b] [Microgravity research continues through 1987] [Mitikov and Tykha 2012] [Monkey’s Rocket Trip Indicates 1959] [Moro-Aguilar 2014] [Murphy 1964] [N91-19661/8/XAB Cells in space 1991] [Nakashino and Natori 2001] [Nam et al. 2019] [Namba 1933] [Naraghi and Foulon 2008] [Naraghi et al. 2006] [Naumann 1995] [Neuhaus and Kenney 2006] [Newell 1968] [Nie and Liu 2011a] [Noel and Massier 1962] [Noga and Puri 2020] [O’Farrell et al. 2025] [Olsen and Karchmer 1976] [Ott 1993] [Ott and Sokolowski 1990] [Ozerov 2002] [Pace et al. 1974] [Padilla et al. 2025] [Paiva et al. 2015] [Park 2013] [Park and Jeon 2024] [Particle Sampling of Solid 1984] [Peak and Peak 1982] [Pelevin and Ponomarev 2018] [Pelevin and Ponomarev 2021] [Perakis et al. 2021] [Perumbil et al. 2025] [Petty et al] [Physiological and Biological Effects 2004] [Pirk et al. 2017] [Pollock et al. 2024] [Postfire Sampling of Solid 1984] [Potvin and Peek 2007] [Price 1963] [Quadrini et al. 2026] [Quan et al. 2024] [Rafferty 1968] [Rajagopal 2015] [Reinarts et al. 1995] [Rivera-Crespo et al. 2026] [Roh et al. 1998] [Romero-Calvo et al. 2023] [Ross 1972] [Rossetti 2023] [Ryu et al. 2005] [Salgado Sánchez] [Salisbury 1969] [Santhosh and Kuzhiveli 2019] [Schaefer 1958] [Schmitz and Newcomb 1993] [Schoendorf et al. 1996] [Schuler and Stone 1976] [Seidel 1974] [Seo et al. 2014] [Shahneh 2014] [Shanmugam and Sun Park 2024] [Sharma and Panchal 2017] [Sharp and Godwin 2025] [Shelton et al. 2018] [Shin et al. 2022] [Simmons et al. 2005] [Simons 1961] [Simões et al. 2024] [Smith et al. 2022] [Song et al. 2021b] [Song et al. 2022a] [Soni 2026] [Sotter 1964] [Stasiowska et al. 2022] [Stauffis et al. 1973] [Stern 2010] [Stubbs 1970] [Stubbs 1972] [Sturz and Zimmermann 2006] [Summerer et al. 2006] [Suñol et al. 2008] [Takahashi and Ohnishi 2019] [Tarshis and Sakoda 1979] [Terashima and Daimon 2016] [Thivent 2024] [Thornton and Hochstein 2001] [Tirres and Cantrell 1984] [Tobak and Schiff 1975] [Trittel et al. 2016] [Trulove and Whitaker 1993] [Tseng and Yang 1992] [Tseng and Yang 1994] [Tucker et al. 1996] [Vadas 2013] [Vadas 2014] [Vadas 2015] [Varma et al. 2001] [Varma et al. 2002] [Vietoris et al. 2000] [Vulpetti 2012] [Wagner 1973] [Wang 2005] [Wang 2008] [Wang 2009] [Wang et al. 2025b] [Wanis and Armanios] [Waqas et al. 2021] [Benedikt 1961] [Wenyuan et al. 2025] [Wilde et al. 2018] [Wilson 1995] [Winter 1996] [Winter and Kassemi 2026] [Witkowski et al. 2022] [Working Group on Problems 1963] [Xiao et al. 2026] [Xu et al. 2022] [Yamamoto et al. 1984] [Yang and Naraghi 2020] [Yang et al. 2025a] [Yang et al. 2026b] [Yuanwen et al. 2013] [Zhang and Liu 2024] [Zhang et al. 2007] [Zhang et al. 2024a] [Zhang et al. 2026d] [Zhang et al. 2026f] [Zhao et al. 2022] [Zheng et al. 2024] [Zhou et al. 2023] [Zhu et al. 2023a]

The sun above the atmosphere, ultraviolet, Lyman-alpha and X-rays

The first object a rocket instrument looked at. The solar ultraviolet and extreme ultraviolet spectrum, the Lyman-alpha line and its variability, solar flare X-rays, and the absorption of solar radiation in the upper atmosphere.

254 records. [A Balloon-Borne Payload 1991] [Accardo et al. 1972] [Ackerman 1973] [Ackerman and Simon 1973] [Aguiar et al. 2025] [Ajello et al. 1987] [Akinoglu 2025] [Allen et al. 1977] [Andreyev et al. 2025] [Appel 2005] [Arnoldy et al. 1968] [Athay 1986] [Ayres 2021] [Bai 1988] [Bai and Kong 1998] [Bailey 1995] [Baliukin et al. 2022] [Barbee et al. 1991] [Barbee et al. 1992] [Barczynski] [Basri et al. 1979] [Beckers and Argo 1984] [Bekker 2025] [Bhargava and Subrahmnyam 1960] [Bhatia et al. 1982] [Blum 1968] [Bossy and Nicolet 1981] [Brasseur et al. 1983] [Bray and Loughhead 1986] [Brinton and Golub 2004] [Brown 1975] [Bruner 1995] [Bruner et al. 1989] [Burmaka et al. 2004] [Burton and Wilson 1965] [Byram et al. 1953] [Byram et al. 1956] [Campbell 1965b] [Campbell 1968] [Celmins 1987] [Chinn et al. 1979] [Chubb et al. 1957a] [Chubb et al. 1957b] [Cilden-Guler et al. 2021] [da Costa et al. 2009] [Damé and Khaled 2013] [Davidsen et al. 1977] [De Feiter 1971] [Del Zanna et al. 2022] [Deployment Experiment Result 2004] [Derghazarian et al. 2025] [Deslandres 1900] [Doschek et al. 1971] [Duan et al. 2005] [Duan et al. 2025] [Dudok de Wit and Bruinsma 2017] [Duncan et al. 1982] [Ellerton 1946] [Elwert 1968] [Fain et al. 1968] [Fain et al. 1970] [Faurobert et al. 1988] [Fayock et al. 2013a] [Feit 1973] [Feldman and Doschek 1991] [Fletcher 1996] [Fontenla and Rovira 1983] [Fontenla et al. 1988] [Foukal 1998] [Fredga 1966] [Friedman 1963] [Friedman et al. 1951] [Fukui 1990] [Gabriel 1971] [Gabris et al. 1970] [Galeazzi et al. 2011] [Galeazzi et al. 2012] [Galowin and Schmidlin 1967] [Gary et al. 2007] [Giacconi et al. 1962] [Giacconi et al. 1965a] [Giacconi et al. 1966c] [Golub 1998a] [Golub and Herant 1989] [Gouttebroze et al. 1978] [Grant Athay 1960] [Gray et al. 1970] [Greatorex et al. 2024] [Haisch et al. 1988] [Hale 1970] [Haug 1972] [Hinteregger 1965b] [Hirayama et al. 1985] [Hoover 1992] [Hoyle 1963] [Huang 2000] [Huang and Brown 1967] [Hughes 1965] [Ishikawa et al] [Ishikawa et al. 2025] [Jacobi et al. 2011] [Jacobi et al. 2025] [Jefferies and Thomas 1961] [Jiljo K. Moncy and Kesavabrahmaji Karuturi 2023] [Jones et al. 1970] [Joselyn 1998] [Kane 1970] [Kane and Winckler 1969] [Kastner et al. 1983] [Khaled et al. 2020] [King-Hele and Walker 1960a] [Kodikara et al. 2021] [Koomen et al. 1967a] [Koomen et al. 1970] [Korchak 1971] [Kotzé 2023] [Krieger et al. 1970] [Krista 2025] [Kumar and Broadfoot 1979] [Kurt et al. 2017] [Kutlu et al. 2007] [Kyrölä and Summanen 1996] [Lastovicka and Triska 1974] [Lemaire et al. 1978] [Lewak 1967] [Li et al. 2013] [Lilienthal et al. 2020] [Lin 1990] [Lin 1998] [Lingenfelter 1994] [Liou et al. 2023] [Lu et al. 2026] [Lyman-Alpha Radiation 2005] [Ma 1991] [Majury et al. 2025] [Malhotra 2018] [Mange 1972] [Manju et al. 2012] [Marchgraber and Armstrong 1962] [Markelov et al. 2008] [Marmo et al. 1956] [Maseland 1965] [McGarvey 1979] [McKenzie et al] [McTiernan and Petrosian 1990] [Mechanisms of Formation 2008] [Miller et al. 1956] [Milligan 2021] [Milligan et al. 2020] [Miyamoto 1953] [Miyamoto 1954] [Moncy and Karuturi 2021] [Monsignori Fossi et al. 1969] [Moore and Hymer 2000] [Moore and Hymer 2001] [Mortari 1997] [Morton and Widing 1961] [Moses 1966] [Moses 1989a] [Muney and Underwood 1966] [Muney and Underwood 1967] [Munro 1961] [Murphy 1989] [Nagasawa et al. 2025] [Nagasawa et al. 2026] [Naletto et al. 1993] [Ni and Zhang 2011] [Nicolet 1985] [Noyes and Kalkofen 1970] [On the Correlation between 2021] [Ott et al. 1967] [Owens et al. 2005] [Parkinson and Kohl 1979] [Pellerin 1975] [Podgorny et al. 2023] [Powell 2006] [Psiaki 1998] [Psiaki 1999] [Psiaki and Jung 2001] [Purcell and Tousey 1960] [QIN Guotai et al. 2003] [Rakisheva et al. 2014] [Ramaty and Mandzhavidze] [Rashis and Bond 1961] [Rense 1953] [Rense 1957] [Rhoden et al. 2000] [Richards et al. 1994] [Rust 1998] [Saini et al. 2025] [Sakoda et al. 1984] [Santoni and Bolotti] [Scherer and Judge 1992] [Shafer 1963] [Sharma and Rastogi 1971] [Shigemoto et al. 1982] [Shull 1978] [Six EUV Solar Radiation 2023] [Sloan 1966] [Smith 1970a] [Smith and Miller 1974] [Smith and Weeks 1966] [Solar Flares 2008] [Solar System X-Rays 2010] [Sounding rocket experiments support 1983] [Stepanov et al. 2021] [Stewart 1981] [Strumik et al. 2024] [Subbaraya and Lal 1983] [Summanen 2000] [Summanen et al. 1992] [Sun et al. 2022b] [Swartz et al. 1999] [Takeuchi 2003] [Teshnizi and Shirazi 2015] [Teske 1971] [The Deployment Experiment 2004] [The Influence 2001] [The Interaction of Energetic 1989b] [Thiemann et al. 2023] [Thomas 1975] [Thomas and Chisel 1976] [Thomas and Teske 1971] [Thompson et al. 1993] [Thrane and Johannessen 1975] [Tobiska 2002] [Tobiska et al. 1988] [Tousey 1964] [Trefilova et al. 2021] [Tsagakis 1970] [Tsuneta 1996] [Turiel and MacGregor 1970] [Türler et al. 2021] [Unhelkar and Hablani 2015] [Ostapenko 2016] [Vahia 1986] [Vahia 1990] [Veselovsky 1999] [Vickers et al. 1992] [Vidal-Madjar 1975] [Vigil et al] [Volkov and Suevalov 2006] [Wald 2021] [Warwick and Zirin 1957] [Wave Disturbance Transport Caused 2016] [Weeks 1967] [Widing and Morton 1960] [Windsor 1979] [Withbroe et al. 1982] [Woods and Chamberlin 2009] [Yakovleva et al. 2021] [Yamada et al. 2013] [Ye et al. 2000] [Zheng and Wallace 2014]

Roll, roll resonance and coning

The roll that averages the error and the resonance it creates. Roll resonance and roll lock-in of finned rockets and re-entry vehicles, coning and the angular motion of spinning bodies, Magnus effects, roll damping, despin, and the nutation of spinning vehicles.

252 records. [Adimurthy et al. 1988] [Agarwal and Rakich 1978] [Agarwal and Rakich 1982] [Akishita et al. 1984] [Akishita et al. 1986] [Al-Ragihy et al. 2024] [Allen et al. 2026] [Anandaraj et al. 2019] [Anderson et al. 2007] [Arnoult et al. 2018] [Arnoult et al. 2019] [Arnoult et al. 2020] [Aykenar et al. 2020] [Badrinarayanan and Anandaraj 2022] [Baines 1967] [Belaidouni et al. 2017] [Bennett 1961] [Bensimon 1976] [Benton 1962] [Benton 1964] [Benton and Platou 1964] [Bergbauer et al. 1980] [Bhagwandin 2012] [Bland and Purser 1953] [Braswell et al. 2017] [Brodie 1969] [Brunk 1967] [Buglia et al. 1961] [Bullard 1967] [Burchett et al. 2021] [Burchett et al. 2022] [Bush 1967] [Bush 1980] [Campbell et al. 2023] [Carman 1970] [Cayzac and Carette 1992] [Celmer et al. 1982] [Challa et al. 2000] [Chang and Li 2023] [Chang et al. 2021] [Chen et al. 2025b] [Chis and Mioc 1976] [Christopher 1980] [Chubb 1952] [Clare 1971] [Clark and Hodapp 1970] [Cloutier 1969] [Cloutier 1972] [Cochran and Christensen 1979] [Cochran et al. 1977] [Cooper 2005] [Cooper 2010] [Cooper 2011] [Cooper and Fansler 1997] [Costello 2000] [Covert and Vlajinac 1969] [Covert et al. 1980] [Curry and Reed 1966] [D’Amico and William P. 1984] [D’Amico et al. 1982] [D’Amico et al. 1983] [Dahlke and Batiuk 1990] [Daniels 1967] [Daniels 1970b] [Daniels and Hardy 1975] [Daniels and Hardy 1976] [Daniels and Hardy 1978] [Day 1980] [Dayton 1963] [DeSpirito 2008] [Ding et al. 2024a] [Ding et al. 2024b] [Dunlap 1969] [Dupuis 1991] [Dwork 1963] [Ebert et al. 1987] [Edmondson and Sanders 1949] [Eidell et al. 2012] [Ericsson 1969] [Etter and Shamey 1991] [Frauenholz 1980] [Freeman and Chang] [Fresconi and Celmins 2018] [Fresconi et al. 2015] [Gallais] [Gantmakher and Levin 1964d] [Gao and Fu 2012] [Garcon et al. 2003] [Goldberg 1967a] [Goldberg 1967b] [Graham and Sherman 1966] [Halsmer and Mingori 1992] [Halsmer et al. 1999] [Hanin 1983] [Harrington and Bullock 1964] [Hatalsky et al. 1967] [Hawks 1965] [Hayes 1967] [Hessman 1979] [Hopko 1951] [Hopper 1971] [Horiuchi 1961] [Hoult and Hien Tran 2015] [Howard 1970] [Jacobson and Morton 1972] [Jarmolow 1957] [Jeffrey 1992] [Jenke 1976] [Jermey and Schiff 1985] [Karlekar and Barve 2024] [Karpov 1965] [Keltz and Ringwall 1970] [Kenner 1967] [Kosovtsov and Hrabchak 2022] [Kouchiyama et al. 1989] [Kouchiyama et al. 1990] [Krishna et al. 2023] [Landers et al. 2000] [Le et al. 2021] [Leite Filho et al. 2017] [Lesieutre et al. 1988] [Lewandowski 1992] [Lin 1978] [Lin 1981] [Lin et al. 1995] [Long and Linfang 2023] [Longren 1970] [Lopera et al. 2007] [Lowrie 1960] [Lu et al. 2018] [Luo 2015] [Madden 1970] [Madden 1972] [Mao and Yang 2015] [Mao et al. 2007] [Marius Ionut and Ion 2014] [Martinez et al. 2026] [McDaniel et al. 2010] [Mingori and Yam 1986] [Mioc 1983] [Mo et al. 2007] [Mogavero 1976] [Monte Carlo Trajetory Simulations 2012] [Moore and Moore 2008a] [Morote 2006] [Morote 2009] [Muraca 1970] [Murphy 1970a] [Murphy 1971] [Murphy 1977] [Murphy 1978] [Murphy 1982] [Murphy 1983] [Murphy 1984] [Murphy 1987] [Murphy and Mermagen 2009] [Murphy and Mermagen 2005] [Nagai et al. 1996] [Navier-Stokes Prediction of Aerodynamic 2025] [Nayfeh and Wilson 1970] [Neumeier and Hanin 1986] [Nguyen 2025] [Ohman 1967] [Olney and Shiftlett 1982] [Olsavsky et al. 2024] [Papis and Bullard 1968] [Parks 1962] [Pepitone and Jacobson 1977] [Pepitone and Jacobson 1978] [Perlmutter 1962] [Pettus 1966] [Pierce and Newman 2026] [Platou 1963b] [Platou 1963a] [Platou 1965] [Platus 1998] [Price 1967] [Price and Ericsson 1970] [Problems in Modeling 1985] [Purdy 2023] [Rasmussen et al. 1967] [Raza 2024] [Regan 1964] [Roach et al. 1990] [Roberts et al. 2017] [Roschke 1955] [Salman and Chang 2010] [Sanders and Edmondson 1951] [Santoni and Tortora 2000] [Schiff 1972b] [Schiff 1972a] [Schiff and Tobak 1970] [Schilder et al. 2023] [Sekaran 1983] [Sellappan and Bainum 1976] [Shandling and Platus 1985] [Shandling and Platus 1986] [Sharpes and Carroll 1973] [Sher et al. 2022] [Shi and Zhao 2016] [Shirouzu and Soga 1986] [Sigal and Sigal 1997] [Silton and Bhagwandin 2012] [Silton and Coyle 2016] [Smith and Cullina 2011] [Startzell and Demeritte 1958] [Staunton and Mingori 1993] [Stojanović et al. 2024] [Stone 1966] [Stone and Sandahl 1951] [Svorcan et al. 2024] [Tanrikulu and Mahmutyazicioglu 1998] [Tanrikulu et al. 2000] [Tao et al. 2010] [Tata et al. 2007] [Theodoulis et al. 2009] [Thomas and Cappellari 1964] [Thompson 2011] [Tobak et al. 1969] [Tregidgo et al. 2012] [Vijlee 2004] [Wang et al. 2024c] [Ward 1986b] [Weinacht and Sturek 1990] [Welsh and Watt 1967] [Wernert et al. 2010] [Wertz and Chen 1976] [White 1991] [Wilde and Wilde 1997] [Wilke 1964] [Wilke 1967] [Wiśniewska et al. 2023] [Wong and Breckenridge 1981] [Wu et al. 2013] [Xu et al. 2019] [Yam et al. 1997] [Yan et al. 2009] [Yang and Xu 2006] [Yang et al. 2010] [Yang et al. 2023a] [Yang et al. 2026a] [Yin et al. 2017] [Yin et al. 2025] [Yoshinaga et al. 1981] [Young 1970] [Yu-bin Yu and Jing Zhang 2008] [Zeiger et al. 1997] [Zhang et al. 2015] [Zhang et al. 2016b] [Zhongjiao et al. 2016] [Zhou et al. 2013] [Zhu 2005]

Telemetry, instrumentation and the payload environment

What the instrument must survive and how its numbers come home. Rocket telemetry systems and antennas, payload vibration and acoustic environments and their isolation, and molecular contamination and outgassing of spacecraft optics.

243 records. [Abatement of Gaseous 1984] [Albi and Zich 2013] [Alley and Leadbetter 1963] [Anderson 1972] [Anderson et al. 2020] [Nugraha and Priyambodo 2020] [Arisandi 2020b] [Arisandi 2020a] [Arnold 1998] [Bajt] [Bareiss 1978] [Bareiss 1979] [Barrett 1963] [Bell and Strock 1980] [Belleni-Morante and Busoni 1993] [Belleni-Morante and Busoni 1997] [Bien-Aimé et al. 2009] [Blanchard and Farlow 1966] [Boehm et al. 1990] [Boies et al. 2000] [Bolstad 1963] [Boykin 1985] [Buditama 2018] [Buzzo 1992] [Cai et al. 2024] [Caimi et al. 2001] [Cairns 1965] [Cameron and Conrad 1964] [Cancro et al. 1969] [Cappuccio et al. 2025] [Carosso and Pugel Carosso 1986] [Caruntu and Shove 2005] [Chen et al. 2001] [Chirivella 1987] [Coleman and Luey 1998] [Cone 1976] [Conrad and Lease 1965] [Contamination of Spacecraft 2007] [Cooper 1962] [Cothran 1971] [Crocco 1964] [Danowski et al. 2016] [Delil and Heemskerk 1982] [Demas and Kinsley 1971] [Development of Low-Outgassing Resins 1982] [Dieminger et al. 1996a] [Dixon et al. 1984] [Djatmiko et al. 2023] [Duff et al. 1993] [Dynamic Simulation of Deposition 2021] [Dąbrowski and Krawczuk 2021] [Dąbrowski et al. 2020] [Eichelberger 1962] [Engberg and Korde 2011] [Eun and Han 2022] [Fakkaew et al. 2013] [Fan et al. 1993] [Fan et al. 1994] [Fateih 1992] [Faye et al. 2010] [Ferbee 2009] [Filho et al. 2013] [Frampton 2002] [Fräenz et al. 2022] [Fugett et al. 2022] [Gebrayel El Reaidy et al. 2022] [Gee et al. 2025] [Giles and Whitford 1980] [Girard and Payton 1994] [Glassford 1970] [Greatrix and Greatrix 1997] [Green et al. 1999] [Guo et al. 2020] [Gurnee] [Hafkemeyer 1985] [Hager 1956] [Hall 1980] [Hall 1987] [Hall and Wakimoto 1984] [Hall et al. 1985] [Harvey 1976] [Heine et al. 2013] [Higgins et al. 1964] [High Frequency Pressure Instrumentation 1960] [Hill and Coody 1983] [Hogrefe and Warren 1963] [Houston 1966] [Houston et al. 2010] [Hu and Liu 2010] [Hudgins and Lease 1969] [Impact of the STS 1984] [In-Flight Contamination and Changes 1982] [Induced Environment Contamination Monitor/ 1983] [Iskanderova et al. 2004] [Jacobs et al. 2025] [Jiao et al. 2019] [Jones et al. 1963] [Justice 1965] [Justiz et al. 1993] [Justiz et al. 1994] [Kacpura and Acevedo 1998] [Kana and Vargas 1975] [Karam 1987] [Karam 1989] [Kawashima et al. 1997] [Kessler] [Khassanchine et al] [Khassanchine et al. 2004] [Khassanchine et al. 2006b] [Kinsley 1969] [Kirshman 2002] [Knie et al. 2015] [Kurihara and Oyama 2005] [Kurihara et al. 2003] [Laikhtman et al. 2009] [Lang 1991] [Launch Vehicle and Payload 2022] [Lauro and Totaro 1995] [Layzer 1967] [Lee and Henricks 1985] [Lee-Glauser and Ahmadi 1993] [Leyser et al. 2026] [Li et al. 2022c] [Llanos et al. 2022] [Loban and Lovtsov 2015] [Lockman 1967] [Loesch and Pawlowski 1973] [Lord 1978] [Luppen] [Maimaiti and Baktur 2013] [Malave et al. 2011] [Manning 1971] [Maryna 2025] [Massey 1986] [McDonald 1992] [McDonald and Bennett 1995] [McDonald et al. 2025] [Mermagen 1964] [Merryman et al] [Minor 2001] [Minor et al. 2004] [Morris et al. 1991] [Moschidis et al. 2026] [Muehlner 1962] [Mukhey 1965] [Munson 1967] [Nakasuka et al. 2006] [NASA Upper Atmosphere Research 1992] [Niu et al. 2022b] [Novin et al. 2025] [Nowak et al. 2026] [Nwokocha et al. 2022] [Osantowski 1983] [Outlaw 1982] [Pan et al. 2020] [Payload’s on-Orbit Environment 2012] [Payload’s on-Orbit Environment 2021] [Petro et al. 2014] [Phillips et al. 1977] [Pickett et al. 1996] [Practice for QCM Measurement] [Preliminary Vibration Acoustic 1976] [Quintana-Buil et al. 2018] [Rahardiyanti et al. 2025] [Rampini et al. 2003] [Rantanen 1977] [Rauch 1957] [Rault and Woronowicz 1993] [Reid and Withbroe 1970] [Renwarin et al. 2024] [Ricchiuti et al. 2022] [Rice 1999] [Rioland et al. 2022] [Roussel et al. 2026] [Ryan 2009] [Saccomandi 1999] [Sann and Shaffer 1967] [Sann and Shaffer 1970] [Scialdone 1982] [Scialdone 1986] [Shi et al. 2011] [Silver 1992] [Silver et al. 1994] [Sinton 1993] [Souza et al. 2019] [Space environment natural and] [Space product assurance. Particles] [Spacecraft Contamination 2008] [Spacecraft Contamination 2016] [Spacecraft Contamination 1980] [McCay and Roux 1984] [Spencer et al. 1954] [Sripho et al. 2016] [Stewart et al. 1989] [Stroud et al. 1955] [Suliga et al. 2020] [Suliga et al. 2021] [Sun et al. 2016a] [Sutisno and Adi 2012] [Tang et al. 2024] [Salas et al. 2024] [Tayefi et al. 2019] [The Design and Performance 1964] [The Shock and Vibration 1979] [Urrego P. et al. 2019] [Veprik et al. 2008] [Verdone 1966] [Verdone 1967] [Vibration and Acoustic Analyses 1965] [Vijayan and Suresh Babu 2015] [Villahermosa and Ostrowski 2008] [Wallace 1972] [Wallace 1980] [Walter] [Wang et al. 2025d] [Weaver and Bowen 1972] [Weissbrodt et al. 1994] [Wilby and Piersol 1981] [Wilfong et al. 1996] [Wojciechowski et al. 2023] [Wong et al. 2016] [Wood et al. 1999] [Wood et al. 2000] [Wood et al. 2007] [Woronowicz 2022] [Wright and Ruscus 1959] [Xu et al. 2024b] [Yang et al. 1999] [Yang et al. 2024c] [Yang et al. 2025c] [Yao and Jingrui 2013] [Yee and Abreu 1983] [Young and Herm 1987] [Young and Herm 1988] [Yuan and Kuo 2002] [Yuan et al. 2014] [Zhang et al. 2012b] [Zhang et al. 2023c] [Zhi et al. 2025] [Zhou and Mi 2024] [Zhu and Chen 2016] [Zhu et al. 2023b] [Zitouni and von Germersheim 2020]

Structure and the pressurised shell

Tanks as structure. Buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shells and its imperfection sensitivity, the stabilising effect of internal pressure, and the structural design and loads of sounding rockets and launch vehicles.

199 records. [Afkhami et al. 2015] [Akimov 2026] [Almroth 1966] [Alpatov et al. 2017] [Aly] [Amazigo and Budiansky 1973] [Andria 2013] [Ankalkhope and Jose 2022] [Ankalkhope et al. 2021] [Arai 1962] [Arbocz 1971] [Arbocz and Sechler 1974] [Arbocz et al. 1988] [Azad and Burgueño 2021] [Backer and van Zanten 2022] [Bandgren and Smith 1973] [Batterman 1965] [Batterman 1966] [Batterman 1968a] [Batterman 1968b] [Bauer 2009] [Bauer and Bourdeau 1963] [Belozubov 2004] [Bodner and Rubin 2005] [Bowen et al. 1964] [Boyarskaya and Filippov 2016a] [Boyarskaya and Filippov 2016b] [Braddick 1939] [Buckling of Cylindrical Shells 2003] [Błachut 2010] [Błachut 2017] [Card and Jones 1966] [Chen et al. 2012a] [Chung et al. 2001] [Cohen 1966] [Covert and Haldeman 1978] [Cowell 1986] [Crowley 2003] [Curtis and Hagstrom 1967a] [Curtis and Hagstrom 1967b] [Delapierre and Pellegrino 2015] [Dewangan et al. 2026] [Dym and Hoff 1966] [Dym and Hoff 1968] [Khamlak 2026] [Krasovsky and Evkin 2021] [EI Naschie 1976] [El Naschie 1975] [Engebos 1972] [Evkin 2021] [Evkin and Lykhachova 2021] [Evkin et al. 2019] [Fahy and Schein 1949] [Fan 2019] [Fan et al. 2021a] [Ferragut 1976a] [Ferragut and Rast 1986] [Filippov 2017] [Fisher and Bert 1973] [Forbes 1981] [Fujiwara et al. 2011] [Gellin 1979] [Goldberg 1961] [Gorbachov et al. 2017] [Grabovsky and Harutyunyan 2015b] [Grabovsky and Harutyunyan 2015a] [Groh and Pirrera 2019] [Gu et al. 2022] [Gu et al. 2024] [Gui et al. 2023] [Hall et al. 1990] [Hautala and Schmidt 1999] [Heavy et al. 2002] [Hirano 2011] [Hoff 1965] [Hoff 1975] [Hoff and Rehfield 1965] [Homma 1965] [Hunt et al. 1999] [Hünlich 1978] [Ifayefunmi 2016] [Ishita 2022] [Ismail et al. 2015] [Ismail et al. 2019] [Iwasa et al. 2020] [Jewell 1964] [Jin et al. 2018] [Jones 1961] [Jones 1966] [Kalugin et al. 2018] [Kaoulla 1977] [Katchen et al. 1966a] [Kempner and Chen 1969] [Kim] [Koiter et al. 1994b] [Koiter et al. 1994a] [Koskinen et al. 1982] [Koskinen et al. 1983] [Kounadis 2008] [Krasovsky et al. 2011] [Lancisi and Spas 1996] [Langhaar et al. 1965] [Launch Vehicle Stress Analysis 2022] [Lee 1968] [Li et al. 2021a] [Liang et al. 2026] [Liu et al. 2023a] [Liu et al. 2024a] [Liu et al. 2025f] [Liu et al. 2026b] [Lord et al. 1999] [Lu and Mao 2001] [Lucena Neto and Monteiro 2019] [Lucena Neto et al. 2016] [Lykhachova and Evkin 2020] [Lykhachova and Schmidt 2013] [Lübken 1996] [Magnucka-Blandzi and Magnucki 2004] [Magnucki and Maćkiewicz 2006] [Mahdy et al. 2024] [Miller 1977] [Miller 1981] [Miller et al. 1968] [Mingori and Harrison 1974] [Miyazaki 1988] [Murphy and Lee 1971] [Musa et al. 2022] [Nachbar and Hoff 1962] [Nelson and Palazotto 1979] [Neubert et al. 1990b] [Nimmer and Mayers 1979] [Nishizawa and Iwasa 2019] [Nordberg 1966] [Nordberg and Smith 1963b] [Numerical Study on Effect 2018] [Ohga et al. 2006] [Oliver and Nygaard 1979] [Opoka 2026] [Ore and Durban 1992] [Osama et al. 2025] [Palassopoulos 1973] [Philbrick et al. 1985] [Principal Plane Analyses 1999] [Proroka and Lypovskyi 2019] [Qaumi 2024] [Rahmatullah 1972] [Ramsey 1980] [Ramsey 1981] [Ran et al. 2026] [Recent Advances 1976] [Refined Results on Buckling 2009] [Rehfield 1970] [Runyan et al. 1992] [Sadovský and Kriváček 2020] [Samuelson 1968] [Sato and Shimazaki 2011] [Satokin 2025] [Schmidt 1955] [Schmidt and Mann 1996] [Schneider 2005] [Scott 1967] [Sedney et al. 1988] [Selmi 1996] [Sendelbeck and Hoff 1972] [Sevier 1967] [Sheng Lim and Fadhli Zulkafli 2026] [Simmonds and Danielson 1970] [Simon 1956] [Singer 1969] [Smith] [Smith et al. 1972] [Soong 1967] [Space Launch Vehicle Structures 2022] [Stephens 1971] [Szyc et al. 2006] [Tekleab and Guggenberger 2013] [Timothy 1973] [Toniolo et al. 2008] [Tvergaard 1983] [Van Slooten and Soong 1972] [Van Slooten and Soong 1973] [Wadleigh 1965] [Wagner et al. 2017b] [Wagner et al. 2017a] [Wang et al. 2019b] [White Sands Missile Range Nm 1997] [Wu and Shan 2019] [Yamamoto and Yamada 2019] [Wen et al. 2013] [Yang et al. 2023c] [Yoon and Kwon 2020] [Yoshinaga et al. 2000] [Zaczynska et al. 2020] [Zaroodny 1954] [Zelinskaya and Tovstik 2015] [Zhang et al. 2013c] [zhang et al 2025] [Zhao et al. 2026] [Zimmermann 1995]

Staging, separation, launch cost and access to space

What a flight costs and how stages part. Stage separation and its dynamics, staging optimisation, launch vehicle cost estimation, low-cost and small launch vehicles, and reusability.

181 records. [A Technical History 2022] [Adachi et al. 2006] [Amakawa et al. 2019] [Bailey 2020] [Bakulin et al. 2021] [Balasubramanian et al. 2012] [Barnes et al. 1964] [Bauer 1996] [Bauman et al. 1992] [Samokhvalova and Shlyakhtenkova 2019] [Baumann 1961] [Bechasnov and Ilyin 2023] [Bollermann and Walker 1966] [Braun et al. 1970] [Brinton et al. 1994] [Browning 1993] [Buddhavarapu et al. 2019] [Buell 1964] [Bull et al. 2001a] [Burton et al. 2007] [Callsen et al. 2023] [Cato 1964] [Chase and McKinney 2005] [Chiesa et al. 2005] [Chin 1994] [Clary et al. 2024] [Coopersmith and Davis 2016] [Corbet] [Davis 1996] [Davis 1988] [Degelsmith et al. 1993] [Donahue et al. 2008] [Du et al. 2025] [Dukeman 2002] [Dupont et al. 2017] [Edberg and Costa 2020] [Edmonds et al. 1964] [Eldred et al. 1993] [Eramya et al. 2008] [Ferragut 1976b] [Filipiak et al. 2022] [Fiske et al. 2006] [Fitzsimmons 1996] [Frazier and Moser 1995] [French 1987] [Gao et al. 2017] [Garvey et al. 2003] [Gilbert et al. 2016] [Godai 1987] [Goldbaum and White 1961] [Goldsborough 2005] [Gong et al. 2022] [Hagelbarger et al. 1951] [Hanford 1969] [Hao et al. 2021] [Hauer et al. 1963] [Hedin and Nier 1965] [Hellman 2006] [Herdy et al. 2009] [Herrell and Zhou] [Heuston et al. 1967] [Holguin and Labbee 1988] [Hudson 1987] [Hudson 2005] [Hudson and Hunter 1987] [Hudson et al. 1981] [Hunley 2008b] [Investigation of separation of 1968] [Ito et al. 2020] [Jacobs 1999] [Jensen 2001] [Jia et al. 2020] [Joint DoD/NASA Advanced Launch 1990] [Jones et al. 1951] [Jurist 2009] [Karuntzos 2015] [Kim et al. 2011a] [Ko et al. 2019] [Koelle 1984] [Koelle 1992a] [Koelle 1992b] [Koelle 1994] [Komerath 2017] [Krevor and Wilhite 2007] [Kumar Mishra et al. 2023] [Kutter 2006] [Lane et al. 1982] [Launch vehicle dynamics] [Launch Vehicle Financial Analysis 2022] [Layachi et al. 2025] [LeMoyne 2008] [Li et al. 2012a] [Linder et al. 2024] [Liu et al. 2017a] [Livingston 2004] [London and Epstein 2007] [Long et al. 2026] [Low-Cost Expendable Launch Vehicles 1992] [Low-Cost Satellites and Satellite 1990] [Magasiny 1955] [Maitra 1985] [Majoros and Sarlat 1966] [Malmuth and Fedorov 2008] [Malmuth et al. 2005] [Markgraf et al. 2001] [Maynard 1969] [Mazzone et al. 2024] [McKown 1989] [Miao et al. 2024a] [Mocio 2001] [Moser and Frazier 1994] [Mosley 1970] [Nair and Kukreja 2025] [Niederstrasser 2022] [Niyama et al. 2024] [Nizhnik 2012] [Nohmi et al. 2010] [Non-Rocket Space Launch 2005] [Olds and Bellini 1998] [Palsulich and Schinnerer 2003] [Parkyn 1958] [Parsons 1970] [Pearson 1989] [Pempie 2003] [Pinier 2024] [Plachta et al. 1995] [Poli et al. 2015] [Portz 2004] [Powell 2004] [Powell and Maise 2008] [Prasad 2022] [Puening 1990] [刘 2017] [Rosch and Schor 1990] [Roshanian and Talebi 2008] [Ross 1969] [Rutledge 1993] [Sackheim and Gavitt 1999] [Sarzi-Amade et al. 2016] [Schoneman et al. 2000] [Schutte and Thoreau 2016] [Seedhouse 2013a] [Shulga and Shcheglov 2021] [Slayton and Daniels 1989] [Stanley and Powell 1990] [Stansbury et al. 2013] [Strobl 1989] [Tharun et al. 2025] [The Launch Loop 1985] [Timofeev 2020] [Udovichenko 2025] [Udovychenko and Makarenko 2026] [Von Halle 1978] [Walter 2018c] [Walter 2024c] [Wang and Wang 1997] [Watson 1970] [Watson et al. 2014] [Webb 1976] [Wensley and Uhrich] [Wente 1982] [Wertheimer 1957] [Weuta 2018] [Whitehead 2000] [Wilcox 2007] [Wilken 2024] [Williams et al. 2015] [Wilson] [Wilson and Connors 1994] [Wu and Zhang 2023] [Yasunaga et al. 1990] [Yenigelen and Morris 2020] [Young 2025a] [Yue] [Zaitsev et al. 2020] [Zapata and Murray 2008] [Zhang et al. 2021b] [Zheng and Xiang 2025] [Zheng et al. 2020a] [Zubrin and Clapp 1996] [Çam and Özkol 2023]

Attitude, pointing and aspect

Knowing where the instrument looked. Attitude control systems for sounding-rocket payloads, solar and stellar pointing, and attitude determination from sun sensors and magnetometers.

177 records. [A Hard-Mounted Ultrahigh-Accuracy Pointing 1972] [ADCS 2023] [Alfatih and Hancoyo 2021] [An Optimal Smoothing Algorithm 1977] [An Overview 1992] [Anderson et al. 1978] [Attitude Controlled Skylark Rockets 1986] [Attitude Determination Hardware 1997] [Attitude Determination Systems 1979] [Banks 1992] [Beach 1974] [Beals et al. 1986] [Bentley and Wilcoxen 2000] [Bhatia 2021] [Bossi and Nelson 1992a] [Bossi and Nelson 1992b] [Bossi and Nelson 1993] [Budney et al. 1982] [Busing and Urban 1987] [Challa et al. 2016] [Chang 2021] [Changey et al. 2006] [Chapter 2. Spacecraft Sensors 1994] [Chebakov et al. 2026] [Chen and Wertz 1978] [Choi and Bang 2000] [Chubb et al. 1967] [Chubb et al. 1974] [Chubb et al. 1975] [Coldrick 1972] [Condon et al. 1997] [Constantinescu 2019] [Crassidis 2021] [Cunningham et al. 1978] [DiMiceli] [dos Santos and Oliveira 2023] [Du et al. 2026] [Ecological Aspects of Rocket 2013] [Ecological Aspects of Rocket 2016] [Nuclear Utility Services, Inc., Washington, D. C. and USDOE 1963] [Nuclear Utility Services, Inc., Washington, D.C. 1964] [Fan et al. 2021b] [Felicetti and Santoni 2014] [Fell 1994] [Fenili 2014] [Fine Attitude Control System 1965] [Fujimoto and Shigemoto 1979] [Glaese et al. 1975] [Goh et al. 2010] [Grusas 1969] [Guang-Fu Ma and Xue-Yuan Jiang 2005] [Habib 2023a] [Habib 2023b] [Hablanai 1987] [Haessig] [Hansen et al. 1970] [Hart 2009] [Havens and Ohtakay 1978] [Herbert 1967] [Hill and McCusker 1998] [Hou et al. 2019] [Huang and Reddy 1986] [Hummel and Tesch 1979] [Humphreys et al. 2004] [Irawan et al. 2013] [Jenkins 1970] [Jian et al. 2016] [Jiang and Zhao 2018] [Jiang et al. 2024a] [Joshi 1978] [Kavadas and Koehler 1969] [Kinnett] [Kirci and Hajiyev 2024] [Kis and Lantos 2013] [Klinger 1981] [Kramlikh et al. 2023] [Kwiek et al. 2023] [Lam et al. 1996] [Lebsock 1978] [Lebsock 1980] [Lee 2019] [Lee 2020] [Leendertse 1961] [Lerner and Shuster 1979] [Lerner and Shuster 1981] [Li and Huang 2010] [Li et al. 2012b] [Ma and Xu 2014] [Mackay 1960] [Macmillan 1950] [Madsen and Lightsey 2004] [Markley and Crassidis 2014d] [Markley and Crassidis 2014a] [Markley and Crassidis 2014c] [Markley and Crassidis 2014b] [Martelli and Bidini 1993] [Marteru 1996] [Mattice 1993] [Matula and Mitry 2000] [Michalareas et al] [Miller 1969a] [Miller 1969b] [Miller 1971] [Mimasu et al. 2008] [Moldoveanu et al. 2017] [Mori et al. 1992] [Murrell 1978] [Musa et al. 2016] [Neumeyer 1967] [O’Brien and Neat] [Paluszek 2023a] [Paluszek 2023b] [Paluszek 2023c] [Pittelkau 1993] [Pong et al. 2012] [Pongratz 1972] [Posielek and Reger 2021] [Posta et al. 2024] [Precision Pointing Control 1991] [Psiaki 2003] [Psiaki 2004] [Rahmatullah 1963] [Remondiere 1970] [Reynolds et al. 2026] [Riley 1973] [Robbins and Zebrowski 1966] [Rong et al. 2021] [Scarboro 1982] [Scheurpflug et al. 2012] [Schiehlen 1973] [Sharkey et al. 1992] [Shaw et al. 1973] [Shockley and Bettinger 2020] [Shoji Yoshikawa and Takehiro Nishiyama 2007] [Shrewsberry 1973] [Shrewsberry et al. 1973] [Space Telescope Pointing Control 1980] [Wertz 1978c] [Sugimura et al. 2016] [Sullivan et al. 1977a] [Sullivan et al. 1977b] [Szklany and Crassidis 2023] [Tanygin 2008] [Teuber 1976] [Ticona et al. 2022] [Tohyama et al. 1988] [Tola and Nikbay 2015] [Turner 1982] [Tyc and Han 1995] [Ueno et al. 2014] [Varhalmi 1987] [Villa Granata] [Waites 1979] [Ward 1986a] [Wertz 1978e] [Wertz 1978d] [Wertz 1978a] [West and McCullough] [White and Etter 1988] [Wisniewska et al. 2025] [Wiśniewski and Stoustrup 2001] [Wu 1996] [Xu and Tang 2010] [Yang 2019a] [Yang 2019b] [Yang 2019c] [Yang 2025b] [Yang 2025c] [Yang 2025d] [Zahednamazi et al. 2021] [Zanjani and Tahsini 2023] [Zhang et al. 2023a] [Zhang et al. 2025h] [Zhang et al. 2026e] [Zhou et al. 2019] [Zhu] [Zhu et al. 2016]

Aerodynamic heating and thermal protection

The thermal problem the X-8 barely had. Aerodynamic heating of nose cones and sounding rockets, ablation and thermal protection, and the hypersonic heating that the vehicle’s modern successors face.

126 records. [Ablation Measurement 1978] [Achenbach 1965] [Kim 2004] [Fletcher 1978] [Alexander 1970] [Asymmetric Nose-Tip Shape Change 1978] [Auman and Wilks 2003] [Bakirci 2021] [Bashkin et al. 2005] [Baughn 1964] [Beck 1984b] [Beck 1984a] [Blick 1968] [Bogdan-Alexandru 2015] [Bolonkin 2002] [Bonivert et al. 1989] [Chelmus et al. 2026] [Chou and Smith 1974] [Civrais et al. 2023] [Clariano and Leite 2026] [Coleburn and Drimmer 1961] [Cvrlje 1999] [Daniel and Milton 1980] [Di Martino et al. 2025] [Dwivedi and Bhargava 2018] [Dąbrowski and Dąbrowski 2019] [Effects of Aerodynamic Heating 1980] [Elliott 1966] [Esguerra 2026] [Abbasi and Esmailzadeh Vali 2024] [Fedele and Mungiguerra 2018] [Fujii et al. 2000] [Fujii et al. 2001] [Gao and Zhu 2025] [Gong et al. 2026] [Gros 1963] [Guo et al. 2019] [Han and Han 2024] [Hankey and Hooks 1963] [Harri 1964] [High-Pressure Arc Test Performance 1978] [Holifield and Tufts 2024] [Homidzoda and Eshov 2026] [Hopko and Strass 1958] [Influence of Corrugation-Roughness Shape 1980] [Iyer 2026] [Jie et al. 2022] [Jo 2026] [Kim et al. 2024a] [Kryvoruka and Ashurst 1973] [Le et al. 2019] [Liechty 2005] [Lind and McIlwraith 1965] [Lindsey and Williams 1964] [Low-Density Phenolic Nylon Nosecap 1965] [Macaraeg 1986] [Machado 2008] [Maddu et al. 2023] [Maples 1979] [Masaki and Yakura 1968] [Maydew 1964] [Mayne and Arloe W. 1979] [McAnally and Engel 1979] [Meyer 1938] [Mikeska 1965] [Milton et al. 1982] [Mokin et al. 2022] [Nagata et al. 2026] [Narayan et al. 2019] [Narayan et al. 2025a] [Narayan et al. 2025b] [Narayan et al. 2026] [Neely et al. 2009] [Neff 1972] [Negaard 1979] [Nose-Tip Shape Optimization 1978] [Nowak et al. 1984] [Ren et al. 2021] [Rinchu et al. 2025] [Spiridakos et al. 2020] [Pish et al. 2019] [Piskin et al. 2026] [Plane et al. 2020] [Platus 1967] [Platus 1978] [Platus 1980] [Qaumi 2021] [Rand 1963] [Richman 1967] [Rodighiero] [Rollstin 1973] [Rubio and Ballard 1967] [Saiki et al. 2026a] [Sanjaya et al. 2024] [Schoeler 1987] [Segmented Tungsten Nose Tips 1978] [Shuttle Eleven Cove Aerodynamic 1978] [Si et al. 2019] [Snodgrass 1955] [Stephen et al. 2019a] [Stephen et al. 2019b] [Stephen et al. 2019c] [Sturek et al. 1983] [Sundar et al. 2023] [Sundén and Fu 2017] [Taguchi et al. 2015] [Takahashi et al. 2013] [Tatsuta et al. 2025] [Choi 2002] [Thiele et al. 2018] [Thornton 1981] [Tiwari et al. 1992] [Ukirde and Rathod 2023] [Wachi and Gilmartin 1966] [Walchner et al. 1969] [Wing 1970] [Wing 1973] [Wing 1974] [Wu et al. 2017] [Yadav and Guven 2015] [Yamada et al. 2022] [Yavuz and Cihan 2026] [Zaehringer et al. 2003] [Zhang et al. 2022b] [Zheng et al. 2014] [Zien and Ragsdale 1979]

Sounding rockets and suborbital vehicles as research carriers

The category the X-8 belongs to. National sounding-rocket programmes, named vehicles from the Skylark and the Black Brant to the Texus and Maser microgravity rockets, meteorological rocket systems, student and university rockets, and payload design, integration and recovery for suborbital flight.

109 records. [Adams et al. 1970] [Affan 2024] [Airplane and Rocket Flight 1990] [Amberkar et al. 2020] [Pusat Teknologi Roket LAPAN et al. 2019] [Artono and Salman 2019] [Assessment of Small Rocket 1993] [Bergman 1970] [Bermúdez-Reyes et al. 2018] [Bowyer and Lampton 1969] [Brisset et al. 2013] [Brown 2026] [Buck and Fike 1976] [Burlett et al. 2024] [Cappelli 2009] [Chown et al. 1970] [Cichocki and Sokołowski 2023] [Collicott 2014] [Conrad and Modlin 1965] [DeRoo et al. 2013] [Кулик et al. 2023] [Design Construction Test 1977] [Dorling 1957] [Evan et al. 2022] [Ferguson 1991] [Friedrich et al. 1988] [Fukada et al. 1975] [Goldfinger et al. 2016b] [Grahn and Stenmark 1979] [Gush 1981] [Gush 1993] [Gush et al. 1990] [Haber 1952] [Harrison 1973] [Hazell et al. 1967] [Hazell et al. 1968] [Hilton 1981] [Hirata et al. 2018] [Houlahan 2025] [Ishikawa et al. 2016] [Ishimoto 1995] [Italian Satellite Instruments Tested 1963] [Johnson et al. 2009] [Johnston et al. 2024] [Jones and Urone 1976] [Jones et al. 1957] [Kelley 1963] [Kerstein and Krmelj 2003] [Kim et al. 2020a] [King-Hele 1958] [Kotarski 2019] [Kurniawan 2019] [Llanos and Hays 2017] [Machado and Franciscani 2018] [Marshall et al. 2017] [Marshall et al. 2023] [Martinez et al. 2011] [Massey 1955] [Matsumoto] [Matusiewicz et al. 2024] [McCurdy et al. 2025] [Medical and training requirements] [Memorandum on the Mechanics 1935] [Miller 1974a] [Moschidis and Bithas 2022] [Myers and Raitt 1990] [National Space Science Programme 1986] [Newell and Singer 1954] [Noga and Dziczkaniec 2025] [Nylund and Rønningen 2006] [Nylund and Rønningen 2007] [Payne and Mayo 1979] [Pearce 1968] [Pletser et al. 2016] [Procópio et al. 2024] [Ramanamurty and Rawer 1974] [Ranganathan et al] [Reasenberg and Phillips 2010] [Robinson and Bar-Cohen] [Royall and Garland 1957] [Schallhorn et al. 2011] [Schroeder et al. 2021] [Seedhouse 2013b] [Seedhouse 2013c] [Seedhouse 2014] [Sextro et al. 2025] [Seybold et al. 2007] [Sheahen 1974] [Shelhamer 2014] [Shelhamer and Beaton 2012] [Sokolowski et al. 2023] [Starke et al. 2008] [Stone et al. 2015] [Tardy and Lougheed 2025] [Tewari 2016] [Tirolese et al. 2025] [Tough 1967] [Trowbridge Heine et al. 2025] [Walter 2018a] [Walter 2024a] [Waters 2014] [Wessling 1997] [Wessling and Lundquist 1990] [Wheeler et al] [Wiharta et al. 2023] [Wilson 1965] [Wukelic and Duffee 2024] [Yerebakan et al. 2026] [Zahari and Romli 2019]

Range safety, flight termination and launch hazard

The discipline the Aerobee helped begin. Range safety practice for sounding rockets, flight termination systems and their autonomous successors, and debris and casualty risk analysis for launch and re-entry.

103 records. [Akiyama et al. 2024] [Aktas et al. 2016] [Application of Probabilistic Methods 2006] [Arisandi 2017] [Asamura et al. 2024] [Avanzini 2023] [Balach 1995] [Bardina and Thirumalainambi 2004] [Beyma 1986] [Bibhorr and Anand 2021] [Bojorquez and Chen 2019] [Brearley 1969] [Campos and Silva 2023] [Canavan 1997] [Collins et al. 2005] [Conde et al. 2026] [Riesland and Lutgen 2011] [Cui et al. 2023] [Debris from Spallation 1984] [Degtyarev et al. 2006] [Del Casal 1983] [Der Kiureghian 2001] [Duce and Nenni 1995] [Dunker and Hill 2025] [Ekimogloy et al. 2026] [Failures Lessons Learned Flight 2022] [Gee and Mathias 2008] [George Washington Univ Washington Dc 2001] [Gourab et al. 2021b] [Gourab et al. 2021a] [Gourab et al. 2023c] [Gourab et al. 2023b] [Gourab et al. 2023a] [Haber 1995] [Haber 2013] [Hall et al. 2011] [Hays et al. 2024] [Holubek 2020] [Howard] [Howison 1967] [Hwang et al. 2016] [Jang et al. 2026] [Jenab et al. 2016] [Jorgensen and Sharf 2021] [Ken Gee and Lawrence 2013] [Keumsang Lim et al. 2005] [Knothe 1970] [Kopecek 1970] [Kumar et al. 2025a] [Larson and Stapleton 2007] [Launch Risk Analysis 1977] [Lechniak et al. 2015] [Makinson and Morrison 2023] [Menshenin and Crawley 2019] [Millard 2008] [Miquel Parra et al. 2024] [Miyano et al. 2001] [Montgomery 1970] [Moore 1998] [Nick and Buchaillot 2024] [Oltrogge et al. 2025] [Pagan and Herdrich 2022] [Panda et al. 2015] [Panda et al. 2016] [Parker 1967] [Pasciuti et al. 2025] [Patera 2008] [Philipson 1995] [Prince et al. 1996] [Priyadarshini et al. 2023] [Rabus 2023] [Ramsey et al. 1995] [Navidad et al. 2024] [Ratkevich et al. 2013] [Rickman and Holquin 1962] [Rocket Takeoff Risks 2015] [Ross and Madden 1994] [Rutishauser et al. 2012] [Sabán-Fosch et al. 2025] [Sahani et al. 2017] [Sala-diakanda and Rabelo 2006] [Schulze et al. 1995] [Shoffstall and Stoltzfus 2003] [Shukla and Woolsey 2018] [Space systems. Re-entry risk] [Space systems. Re-entry risk] [Streamlining Space Launch Range 2000] [Sun and Zhong 2019] [Tao et al. 2021] [Tierney 1993] [Trade Studies of Space 2006] [Vetter 1977] [Vigil and Marchi 1994] [Wang et al. 2026b] [Waye and Waye 1997] [Whiteman et al. 2005] [Wilde 2015] [Wilde 2018] [Wright et al. 2024] [Yang et al. 2005] [Yang et al. 2024b] [Yang et al. 2026e] [Zurera et al. 2025]

Airglow and aurora

The light the upper atmosphere emits. Rocket photometry of the oxygen green and red lines and the hydroxyl bands, the altitude of the emitting layers, and rocket studies of the aurora.

81 records. [Abbott 1964] [Abe et al. 1988] [Ahmed 1968] [Airglow] [Airglow Research during IGY 1962] [Akasofu 1978] [Akbari et al. 2020] [Albert and Lindstrom 1970] [Arnoldy 1994] [Arnoldy and Choy 1973] [Auroral Observation in India 1962] [Baker and Stair 1988] [Barth 1964] [Bates and Hunsucker 1974] [Berg et al. 1956] [Best and Armstrong 1968] [Bland et al. 2020] [Clemesha and Takahashi 1996] [Davis 1974] [Davis et al. 1969] [De Meneses et al. 2008] [Doering et al. 1970] [Doering et al. 1971] [Dombrowski] [Doupnik 1980] [Dunkelman and Hennes 1965] [Eather 1980] [Folkestad et al. 1969] [Foster 1984] [Friedrich et al. 2004] [Gault and Hunten 1963] [Gerard and Rusch 1979] [Giono et al. 2021] [Gobbi et al. 1992] [Good 1976] [Gulledge and Packer 1966] [Gush and Buijs 1964] [Harrison 1970] [Hayakawa et al. 1973] [Hayakawa et al. 1980] [Hendry and Yau 1982] [Ivanov et al. 1993] [Iwagami et al. 2013] [Jog et al. 1983] [Kaeppler] [Kita et al. 1989] [Koomen et al. 1956a] [Koomen et al. 1956b] [Krcelic et al. 2024] [Leyser et al. 2023] [Li et al. 2023f] [Majmudar and Kulkarni 1980] [Makino et al. 1976] [Marklund et al. 1986] [McAdams] [Melo et al. 1996] [Meneses 2011] [Nagata et al. 1975] [Nikolaeva et al. 2021] [Ogasawara et al. 2006] [Parkinson 1969b] [Pfister 1967] [Jiménez and Ivchenko 2025] [Rowland] [Samara] [Schaeffer 1976] [Schaeffer et al. 1972] [Silevitch 1988] [Sobral et al. 1997] [Spectroscopic Components 1962] [Söraas and Trumpy 1966] [Takahashi et al. 1996] [Takano et al. 1990] [Taki et al. 2026] [Tarzwell 1970] [Tesema et al. 2021] [The Aurora the Substorm 2002] [Tomei and Smith 1986] [Ungstrup 1971] [Wang 1998] [Yamamoto et al. 1994]

The Aerobee family and its X-8 slice

The vehicle itself, under every name it carried. Reports and papers that name the Aerobee, from the 1948 announcement and the Navy Aerobee-Hi through the Aerobee 150, 170 and 350 to the meteorological data reports that name individual rounds. Of its 57 dated records, 56 were published between 1946 and 1985, the years in which the family flew.

58 records. [Aerobee 350 Passes Test 1966] [Aerobee 350 recovery system Final project report] [Akcal et al. 2017] [Anderson and Fike 1969] [Beggs 1970] [Brunk 1965] [Bushnell and Busse 1966] [Bushnell and Busse 1967] [Bushnell et al. 1965] [Bushnell et al. 1967] [Busse 1966] [Busse 1967] [Busse and Kraft 1966] [Busse and Leffler 1966] [Cameron 1965] [Catura and Acton 1975a] [Chalfant and Lane 1967] [Coble and Nagy 1964] [Crawford and Parkinson 1969] [Davis et al. 1970] [Davis et al. 1973] [Dunaway 1966a] [Dunaway 1966b] [Dunaway 1966c] [Flynn and Groves 1964] [Fortney 1965] [Gabris et al. 1967] [Grazing-Incidence Telescopes for Celestial 1970] [Groves and Thompson 1969] [Hoidale 1963a] [Hoidale 1963b] [Hoidale 1964] [Hoidale 1965d] [Hoidale 1965c] [Hoidale 1965e] [Hoidale 1965b] [Hoidale 1965a] [Hoidale 1966c] [Hoidale 1966d] [Hoidale 1966a] [Hoidale 1966b] [Hungerford and Munford 1966] [Jackson and Seddon 1958] [Jackson et al. 1956] [Kitt Peak National Observatory 1972] [Koomen et al. 1967b] [Lane and Redman 1970] [Lawrence 1965] [Parkinson 1969a] [Picciolo et al. 1966] [Pincus et al. 1971] [Solar Pointing Aerobee Rocket 1969] [Steeves et al. 1973] [Tackett 1965a] [Tackett 1968] [The Mighty Little Aerobee] [Van Allen et al. 1948] [Yates and Yost 1973]

Ozone, absorption and the optical depth of the atmosphere

The keystone’s first term. Ozone profiles measured from rockets, absorption cross-sections of oxygen and ozone, and the optical depth that sets the altitude an instrument must reach.

43 records. [Ahearn et al. 1957] [Ahmed 2011] [Bendana et al. 2021] [Blackman et al. 1965] [Bozic et al. 1997] [Buffum et al. 1967] [Chapman 1931a] [Chapman 1931b] [Charton et al. 2024] [Cumme and Lauter 1969] [Demore 1965] [Donahue et al. 1961] [Ely and Hockenberger 1965] [Est and Nelson 1992] [Gooch et al. 1965] [Heilmann et al. 2025] [Johnson et al. 1952] [Johnson et al. 2004] [Kaya et al. 2006] [Kinefuchi et al. 2013] [Kinefuchi et al. 2019] [Marlow 1966] [Matyushin and Kuimov 2021] [McInerny and Ölçmen 2005] [McMillion 1997] [Melrose 1972] [Nohekhan and Abbasi 2026] [Prades et al. 2016] [Randhawa 1966] [Randhawa 1967] [Regener 1943] [Sakaki 2018] [Smith et al. 1978] [Smoot and Underwood 1965] [Sosa et al. 2020] [Taubenheim 1960] [Torres and Barott 2015] [Weirick 1990] [White and Barrett 1956] [Yampolski 2015] [Yang and Liu 2019] [Yang et al. 2001] [Zhu et al. 2025b]

The atmosphere and the flight condition

The medium, named rather than assumed. Standard atmosphere tables and models, which fix the scale height, the density at tower exit and the critical density of roll resonance in this article.

40 records. [A 2006] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1962] [Andrews 2019] [Appendix a Standard Atmosphere 2021] [Appendix a. the Standard 2011] [Appendix B 2003] [B-34. U. S. Standard 1963] [Cantrell and Gibson 1973] [Definition of the Standard 1954] [Essenhigh 2006] [Everett et al. 1972] [Franklin and Kunz 1973] [Groves 1956d] [ICAO Standard Atmosphere 2021] [International Standard Atmosphere 2010] [Jacobson and Minzner 1966] [Kandieva et al. 2021] [Kaushik 2018] [Kurzke and Halliwell 2018] [Kurzke et al. 2025] [König et al. 2019] [Lee and Aldredge 2015] [Peters 1977] [Pressures and Temperatures 2000] [Properties of the U.S. 2014] [Properties of the U.S. 2024] [Report No. 538 Altitude-Pressure 1935] [Space environment natural and] [National Bureau of Standards 1927a] [National Bureau of Standards 1927b] [Standard Atmosphere Data 2013] [The Flight Environment 2021] [The International Standard Atmosphere 2017] [The International Standard Atmosphere 2026] [The Standard Atmosphere 1964] [The Standard Atmosphere 1976] [U.S.Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere 1966] [1976 US Standard Atmosphere 2014] [Vaughan 2003] [Yager 2013]

Other rocket and upper-atmosphere literature

The residual, reported and not hidden. Rocket and upper-atmosphere records that belong to no cluster above, including histories of rocketry and of rocket ranges, rocket flight mechanics in general, the environmental effects of launches and cosmic rays at high altitude.

238 records. [A Technology and Operations 1993] [Adams 1968] [Africano 1935] [Altitude Rocket Explodes 1931] [Altman and Lorell 1952] [Anderson 1962] [Another High Altitude Rocket 1952] [Appendix K 2008] [Arrington and Schneider 1990] [Atkinson et al. 2007] [Australia’s Experimental Rocket Range 1948] [Aydın and Ünver 2022] [Balakin 2015] [Barker and Marais 2026] [Barker et al. 2024] [Basil 2023] [Basil et al. 2023] [Basore 1968] [Bedinger 1966] [Berg and Secretan 1967] [Blair and DeGeorge 2000] [Blaszak and Fahrenholz 1960] [Boldt et al. 1969] [Bowhill 1971] [Bowyer et al. 1978] [British Experiments and British/Commonwealth 1986] [Brubaker 1974] [Bruce 2024] [Bryner 2020] [Budiastra et al. 2017] [Bull 1932] [Bull et al. 2001b] [Bundy and Strong 1948] [Bunner et al. 1972] [Burgess 1945] [Caballero] [Campbell 1970] [Canizares 1976] [Cantwell 2014] [Carpenter et al. 1964] [Casalino and Pastrone 1999] [Chamberlain 1979] [Chorlton 1953] [Clark] [Clark et al. 1964] [Cohen et al. 2015] [Colander and Kortman 1955] [Collinson et al. 2022] [Copper 1992] [Coyle et al. 2025] [Creutzberg and McEwen 1978] [Crosswy and Kalb 1967] [Cui et al. 2021] [Davidsen et al. 1975] [Delpeyrat and Kassarian 2018] [Determination of Visibility Conditions 1961] [Donahue 2004] [Driscoll 1986] [Dynamics of Multiple Launch 2017] [Bunker 1969] [Earle et al. 1992] [Edwards 1962] [Eisele and Weber 1969] [Engel 2023] [Erickson 2010] [Evaluation of Ground-Launch Firings 1979] [Farrow 1965] [Feodosiev and Siniarev 1959b] [Fischer et al. 2026] [Flight Testing of Hybrid-Powered 2007] [Flutter of Cantilevered Columns 1994] [Formulae for the Additional 1964] [Friedman and White 1967] [Gantmakher and Levin 1964c] [Gantmakher and Levin 1964a] [Geisler and Beckman 1998] [General Dynamics Corp Pomona Ca Pomona Div 1960] [Gernand et al. 2010] [Gielda et al. 1992] [Gielda et al. 1994] [Goddard 1924] [Goldberg et al. 1997] [Golub et al. 1989] [Goodpasture 1936] [Gorenstein and Mickiewicz 1968] [Greatrix and Karpynczyk 2005] [Greeb 1972] [Gregoriou 1986] [Greiner 1964] [Grimshaw 2008] [Gu et al. 2021] [Gubarev et al. 2012] [Guelhan 2017] [Harrington and Bullock 1962] [Harstad and Bellan 1998a] [Harstad and Bellan 1998b] [Healy 1941] [Heister and Messersmith 1995] [Hester and Burris 2012] [High Altitude and Satellite 1957] [Hirayama and Ogawa 2025] [Hisler 1966] [History of Rockets & 2022] [Holt et al. 1974] [Huber et al. 1991] [Hultqvist 1965] [Humble et al. 1997] [Hunter and Hill 2017] [Ilsen 1961] [Johnson] [Johnson 1974a] [Johnson and Winfield 1967] [Joseph Alexander. Rockets into 1959] [Kasem and Megahed 2025] [Kellogg 1959] [Kreidler 1964] [Kunhardt 1993] [Ladner and Sponable 1992] [Lapidus 1970] [Levine et al. 1979] [Long 1967] [Long 2011] [Long et al. 1975] [Lopp 1960] [Mabie and Bullett 2022] [Maggio et al. 2023] [Maitra 1988] [Makino et al. 1985] [Margasahayam and Caimi 1999] [Maulana et al. 2011] [Measurements of Infrared Optical 1984] [Merifield and Rammelkamp 1964] [Millard 1970] [Mokrov 2001] [Moore 1961] [Motes 2016] [Motion of a Rocket 2008] [Muetzel et al. 2024] [Murayama et al. 2025] [Namasondhi] [Naraghi 1995] [Newell 1965] [Newman and Stahmann 1963] [Ney and Merrill 1980] [Nolan and Celmer 1973] [Noland 1951] [Olsen et al. 1978] [Order-n Equations of Flexible 2016] [Parker and Humble 1994] [Parkinson et al. 1995] [Paschall and Brady 2014] [Pendray 1933] [Perring 1946] [Petre 1981] [Petri] [Politi 1957] [Portions of the Rocket 1950] [Ragusa 1983] [Alneem and Omer 2021] [Ramsden 1976] [Reeves and Chassay 1976] [Report on the Altitude 1932] [Return of the Expendable 2017] [Rocket Dangers 2015] [Rocket Dynamics and Transfer 2004] [Rocket Propulsion] [Rocket Propulsion 2022] [Rocket Propulsion 2019] [Rocket Thrust Modulation 2006] [Rocket Thrust Modulation 2015] [Rocket Tower] [Rockets and Space Vehicles 1997] [Rodden and Pollak 1960] [Rodean 1959] [Rosen et al. 2003] [Rugge 1974] [Saito et al. 2019] [Sanders et al. 2007] [Santacesaria et al. 2024] [Saunders 1979] [Schieble 2014] [Seddon 1963] [Setting the Stage 2017] [Sherburne and Weeks 1953] [Shesta 1940] [Singh et al. 1982] [Sivathanu Pillai 2022a] [Sivathanu Pillai 2022b] [Smaller Rockets for Scientific 1986] [Smith 1970b] [Sodium Vapor Experiment Quarterly 1966a] [Sodium Vapor Experiment Quarterly 1966b] [Some Results of Experiments 1963] [Sopegno et al. 2023] [Starfire 1 Consort III 1990] [Stecher 1970] [Stengel 1966] [Stower 2025] [Stubbs 1969] [Subliming Solid Control Rocket 1967] [Tackett 1965b] [Tanaka 1989] [Tarzwell and Colley 1979] [Taylor 1986] [The Artificial Comet as 1961] [The German Long Range 1945] [The Rocket and Its 2007] [Thomas and Oegerle 2002] [Thompson 1999] [Thompson et al. 1986] [Thornwall 1966] [Thrane 2018] [Tobiassen 2026] [Truax and Ryan 1961] [Tsien et al. 1952] [Tsien et al. 2012] [Twiss 1965] [Vassy and Vassy 1959] [Vulpetti et al] [Vulpetti et al] [Walter 2018b] [Walter 2024b] [Wang et al. 2022c] [Webster 1968] [Weisskopf 1979] [West et al. 2009] [Westcot and Hausman 1964] [White 1989] [Wilde 1957] [Williamson et al. 1982] [Wright 1990] [Yang 2023] [Yaranton] [Zalewski et al. 2023] [Zhang 2010] [Zhilyaeva and Aliev 2025] [Zinski et al. 2021] [Zulkifli et al. 2026]

Where the Framing Breaks Down

Treating the X-8 through the keystone of transparent carriage is productive and it misleads in at least five ways.

The X-8 is not one vehicle. The designation covers five sub-variants, four of them flown, with two different engines, two pressurisation schemes, and in two cases no booster at all, as Parsch lists them. Statements about the performance of the X-8 are therefore statements about a specific sub-variant, and the published summary figures blend them.

The X-designation covers only the Air Force slice. The identical airframe flown by the Navy the same month was an RTV-N-10 and by the Army Signal Corps an XASR-SC-2, as the version table in Aerobee shows, and neither is an X-plane. An article organised around the X-number is therefore organised around a procurement boundary rather than around an engineering object, and it inherits that boundary’s arbitrariness. The list of X-planes records the X-8 without remarking on it.

The vehicle was sometimes the experiment after all. The Aerobee 150 pitch-coupling investigation of Busse and Kraft 1966, the Aerobee 350 flight-dynamics work of Lawrence 1965, and the propulsion-failure analysis of Bushnell and Busse 1967 are all cases where the vehicle’s own behaviour was the object of study. The transparency framing does not describe them.

The vehicle is not the achievement. Almost everything in the What the Data Changed section was the work of the payload groups at the Naval Research Laboratory, the Applied Physics Laboratory, the Air Force Cambridge Research Center, American Science and Engineering, and a dozen universities. Organising a history around the carrier systematically under-credits the people who built the instruments, and the Nobel Prize that came out of an Aerobee flight went to the instrument builders rather than to Aerojet, correctly.

Calling it spin-stabilised is wrong, although Mattson and Tagg 1995 and Aerojet General X-8 both do. The X-8 is aerodynamically stabilised by fins, as Aerobee describes it, and rolls slowly to average out asymmetries. A spin-stabilised vehicle is stabilised gyroscopically and requires no aerodynamic restoring moment at all, a different mechanism with different failure modes. The distinction matters because the roll-resonance hazard analysed above exists only for the fin-stabilised case, since a genuinely spin-stabilised body has no pitch natural frequency to resonate with.

The Source Base

The archival situation for this vehicle is the reverse of the X-6, and the contrast is instructive enough to record.

The X-6’s record lives in the Department of Energy’s technical archive because its subject was a reactor, and a standard aerospace search returns almost nothing. A search of that same archive, the Office of Scientific and Technical Information, abbreviated OSTI, for the Aerobee and its designations returns nothing relevant at all.

The X-8’s record is spread across two archives rather than one, and the second changes the picture materially.

The NASA Technical Reports Server, abbreviated NTRS, is rich from about 1959 onward and thin before it, because it accessioned NASA-era material comprehensively and the earlier Navy and Air Force material only sporadically. A search of NTRS for this subject returns several times as many reports from the 1960s as from the 1950s. On that evidence alone the X-8 era would appear poorly documented, and that appearance is misleading.

Reports held by the Defense Technical Information Center are registered with Crossref under a single publisher prefix, so they resolve by digital object identifier like any journal article and verify the same way. Its holdings on this subject reach back to the 1940s. They include the research and development report on the Navy Aerobee-Hi, the Naval Research Laboratory Upper Atmosphere Research Report series, wind-variability studies underpinning impact prediction, roll-resonance analysis, and per-round meteorological data reports naming individual Aerobee vehicles. Every identifier cited in the article’s prose, from either archive or from the journal literature, has been resolved and compared on title through Crossref, and every identifier in the survey is the archive’s own, taken from the record it names. The material that the aerospace archive lacks for the 1946 to 1958 period is largely in the defence archive, so the thinness of the early record belongs to one archive rather than to the period.

The bias that remains is narrower than the aerospace archive alone suggests, but it is real. The Aerobee 150 and 350 are still better documented than the X-8 itself, because the later vehicles were flown under an agency that published, and the Applied Physics Laboratory material of the earliest years survives mainly through the report series and through journal publication.

Three consequences follow for this article. Vehicle parameters are drawn from secondary compilations rather than from primary specifications, and where those compilations disagree the disagreement is reported. Flight-by-flight detail for the X-8 proper rests on a narrower base than the analysis built on it, and the counts in the flight-test section are the visible symptom of that. The science results are the best-documented part of the whole subject, because they were published in the open literature at the time, which is why What the Data Changed cites 97 research works, more than any section except The Contemporary Literature.

The survey rests on 7,715 research records drawn from Crossref, the NASA Technical Reports Server and the Defense Technical Information Center, of which 1,489 are report primaries by the identifier rule set out under The Definition of Primary, being 19.3 percent. Of the 7,568 dated records, the median year of publication is 1997, 362 were published before 1960, and 2,255, or 29.9 percent, in 2015 or later. The article’s own argument rests on the 363 research records cited in its prose before this section, of which 154 are report primaries.

The Definition of Primary

Primacy is a property of the document, and this survey derives it from the identifier. A record is a report primary when it is a NASA Technical Reports Server record or carries a digital object identifier under the 10.21236 prefix, which Crossref registers for Defense Technical Information Center reports. By that rule 918 records are NASA Technical Reports Server records and 571 are Defense Technical Information Center reports.

The rule undercounts what is first-hand for this vehicle more than for most. The first results of the rocket programme were published by the experimenters themselves in Physical Review, Nature and the Journal of Geophysical Research, so the papers that report what the Aerobee measured are journal articles and an identifier rule counts them as secondary. 19.3 percent is a lower bound on how much of this survey is first-hand.

Thin Subjects

Five subjects that this article’s derivations depend on have thin literatures. Each count below is the number of research records in this survey whose title carries at least one of the listed terms, with a hyphen read as a space and a term matching where a word begins with it.

Subject	Title terms counted	Records
the observing time above a threshold altitude and the number of flights a measurement needs	observing time, observation time, time above, exposure time, number of flights, sample size, statistical power	0
wind weighting and launcher setting for unguided rockets	wind weighting, wind compensation, ballistic wind, launcher setting	10
deliberate tumbling and fin ejection before parachute recovery	tumbl, fin ejection, fin separation, fin release	0
aspect determination from two vector references	aspect sensor, aspect determination, aspect camera, aspect solution, two vector, triad, wahba, sun sensor and magnetometer, magnetometer and sun sensor	12
the pressurant mass of a pressure-fed stage and the choice of helium over air	pressurant mass, pressurant requirement, pressurant gas requirement, helium mass, helium quantity, pressurant consumption	6

The keystone relation of this article is not a subject of the literature at all. No record carries any of the observing-time or sample-size terms, which is consistent with a result that follows from the flight time of a projectile and the two-sample power calculation and is therefore stated in textbooks rather than in papers, so the article’s claim stands on the arithmetic.

Wind weighting is a small and old literature. Nine of its ten records were published between 1967 and 1985, which is the signature of a technique worked out for unguided rockets and then made unnecessary for most vehicles by guidance.

The fin ejection that turns a falling body into a tumbling one has no literature of its own in this survey. No record carries the terms counted, and the reduction in opening load that justifies the technique is derived in this article from the ballistic coefficient rather than taken from a source.

Aspect determination from two reference vectors is a satellite literature. Its twelve records are dominated by spacecraft attitude estimation from sun sensors and magnetometers, the same two-cone geometry the Aerobee aspect system solved, and one of them concerns a sounding rocket.

The pressurant literature is about cryogens. Five of the six records on pressurant mass concern cryogenic or liquid-hydrogen tanks, so the storable pressure-fed case and the choice of helium over air that this article computes are not treated in their own right.

What the Survey Admits

The research survey admits a record only when a person reading its title finds it on this article’s subject. Candidate records are drawn from Crossref, the NASA Technical Reports Server and the Defense Technical Information Center by title against this article’s subject vocabulary, which names the sounding rocket and its family, its propellants, engine, motors, tanks and structure, the flight mechanics of an unguided finned rocket, recovery, telemetry, attitude and the payload environment, range safety and launch cost, and the upper-atmosphere, solar and astronomical science the vehicle carried, and every report that the two report servers return for this subject’s own queries is proposed as well. Every title so drawn has then been read, so the vocabulary proposes records and the reading decides them. Four filters kept for other articles are switched off here because their families are part of this subject, namely missile aerodynamics, hypersonic heating, meteorology and physiology.

Many words this subject depends on also name something else, and a record that shares only such a word is excluded. Rocket also names a salad plant, a stove, a clinical trial of an anticoagulant and the idiom of difficulty. Sounding also names the echo sounding of the sea floor and the electrical sounding of the ground. Recovery also names economic, medical and industrial recovery, and the parachute also names the seed of a dandelion, the severance of an executive and the parachutist. The launch tower is not a cooling tower or a wind-turbine tower, and the launcher of a multiple-rocket weapon system is studied for its fire control rather than its flight mechanics. Telemetry also names medical monitoring, and pulse-position modulation also names optical and ultra-wideband communication. Ozone also names water treatment and urban air quality, Lyman-alpha also names the absorbers of cosmology and a hygrometer, and X-ray also names diffraction and radiography. The nozzle of a sprayer, a printer or a diesel injector is not a rocket nozzle, the roll of a ship or a rolling mill is not the roll of a rocket, and the spin of an electron is not the spin of a vehicle. Boil-off also names the gas of liquefied natural gas carriers, the falling sphere also names a viscometer, the grenade also names a weapon and a dictionary headword, and anomalous sound propagation also names acoustics in solids and in the sea. Correction, erratum, retraction and withdrawal notices, unsigned news items and new-book notices, supplementary material, and the indexes, bibliographies, front matter and appendix tables of books are excluded as well, because a survey counts research works and those are editorial events or parts of works. A review of a book or a referee’s comment on a manuscript, a reference or definition entry of two pages or fewer and a second deposit of a document already in the survey, such as an archive copy, a preprint, a meeting abstract or an abstract-journal listing of it, are not admitted either, while an authored encyclopedia article of more than two pages and a textbook chapter are research works and are kept. A deposit whose folded title is that of a record read as off topic is excluded with it.

Some records of doubtful relevance are kept. Spin-stabilised gun projectiles share their roll, coning and Magnus aerodynamics with the finned rocket. Attitude determination of small satellites from sun sensors and magnetometers is the two-vector problem the Aerobee aspect system solved. The buckling of axially compressed cylindrical shells in general is the knockdown problem behind tanks as structure, and the corrosion and analysis of fuming nitric acid is the handling problem of the propellant. Satellite drag measurements of thermospheric density, cosmic rays measured at high altitude, orbital ultraviolet observation of the sun and reviews of the cosmic X-ray background continue measurements that began on rockets, and so do ionospheric studies by ground radio and satellite methods. Each is kept for what it shares with this subject, and a reader may weigh it accordingly.

Every research title has been read for relevance, so the off-topic share that remains is a matter of reading judgement, and no sample measures it.

Epistemic State

Historical fact, well documented. The Aerobee originated in a 1946 Navy contract to Aerojet instigated by Van Allen at the Applied Physics Laboratory. The name is a contraction of Aerojet and Bumblebee. The first dummy flight was 25 September 1947 and the first fully successful flight 5 March 1948. The first Air Force flight was USAF-1 from Holloman on 2 December 1949, reaching 96.0 kilometres, and its nose cone was lost until July 1950 with the film destroyed. The Aerobee family flew 1,037 times, ending on 17 January 1985. The Scorpius X-1 detection was made from an Aerobee 150 on 19 June 1962 and reported by Giacconi and colleagues.

Engineering analysis, computed here. The optical-depth altitudes of 80 and 110 kilometres, the observing-time relation and its 400 second coefficient, the theoretical specific impulse of 224 seconds, the nozzle throat and exit dimensions recovered from the thrust difference, the exit Mach number of 2.76 and the thrust coefficients of 1.624 in vacuum and 1.409 at sea level, the chamber pressure of 2.16 megapascals recovered jointly with those coefficients, the measured characteristic velocity of 1,393 metres per second against an ideal 1,505 and the resulting 93 percent combustion efficiency, the throat heat flux of 9.3 megawatts per square metre, the booster web and burning area, the cryogenic boil-off rate of 18 percent per hour, the tank mass fraction, the helium against air pressurant comparison, the net axial tension that keeps the shell out of compression, the radiation equilibrium wall temperature of 943 kelvin, the tower exit velocity of 99 metres per second, the pitch natural frequency of 1.16 radians per second, the damping ratio of 0.0033 and the 0.86 second divergence time constant, the fin normal-force slope, the seven kilometre wind displacement, the two-dimensional containment radii, the 62 degree coning half-angle, the turbopause density criterion, the photon-counting exposure of 150 seconds, the roll-resonance density scaling and its critical densities, the tumbling ballistic-coefficient reduction of a factor of 63, the parachute sizing and opening load, the telemetry link budget and the photographic comparison, the buckling and thermal calculations, and the drag-loss estimate are all derived in this article from the stated inputs. Each depends on assumed values that are named where they are used, and a reader substituting different assumptions will get different numbers.

Inference, stated as such. That the propellant was chosen for operational tempo over performance is inferred from the trade and is not a documented decision. That the fins were jettisoned specifically to reduce parachute opening load is an inference from the physics, since the sources record the practice without stating the reason. That the X-8 designation reflects administrative convenience rather than a decision to broaden the X-series is an inference from the absence of any recorded decision.

An independent check. Carrying the recovered chamber pressure back to vacuum reproduces the separately reported thrust of 4,728 pounds to within one pound.

The X-8 designation dates from 1951. Parsch dates the redesignation of RTV-A-1 to X-8 to May 1951, when the Air Force gave its missiles aircraft designations, and Parsch gives 1951 for the RTV-A-1 and all four of its lettered variants. The Air Force’s statistical digests support the year without naming the Aerobee. The digest for fiscal year 1951 lists the Shrike as RTV-A-4 in the same table that lists the Rascal as B-63, and the digest for fiscal year 1952, covering the year to 30 June 1952, lists the Shrike as X-9. Because the digests omit the Aerobee, they date the move of the research test vehicles in general, and the X-8 date rests on Parsch’s account that the series moved together. Every dated reading falls after the first Air Force flight of 2 December 1949, seventeen months after it on Parsch’s date and at most thirty months after it on the digests. The year 1949 that the list of X-planes gives against the X-8 is a first-flight year, since that list dates each entry by first flight or cancellation. No source consulted supports a redesignation in 1955. When the Air Force dropped aircraft designations for missiles on 15 August 1955, Parsch records that existing X-type research vehicles kept their designations. Usage lagged the change. Aerojet’s report for May 1954 Walker 1954 still names a Modified Model RTV-A-1a, and Mattson and Tagg 1995 write that the Air Force vehicles were ordered under the X-8 designator, a phrasing written in 1995 that gives no date and that the order as RTV-A-1 recorded by Aerojet General X-8 contradicts. A primary nomenclature record naming the X-8 itself was not located.

Not settled by the record consulted here.

The relationship between X-8 and RM-84. Aerojet General X-8 states the vehicle was renamed RM-84 after being X-8, citing Parsch, but Parsch applies XRM-84 only to a variant of the Aerobee-Hi, which is a different vehicle. Both cannot be right as stated.

The flown and delivered counts. Sixty X-8 flights are reported in one place, with a breakdown that sums to sixty, and deliveries of 66 vehicles in another, with a launch table giving 61. The distinction between delivered and flown accounts for part of it and is not stated by any source consulted.

The last X-8A flight date, given as 11/12/1956 in a source using an ambiguous numeric format, which is either 12 November or 11 December 1956. The launch table’s 12 November 1956 for the RTV-A-1a is consistent with the first reading.

The launch tower height. Mattson and Tagg 1995 report the normal X-8 tower at Holloman as 143 feet, which is 43.6 metres, and give 142 and 152 feet for the same tower at other dates and nearly 60 feet for the first launch, Fraser 1985 gives 140 feet with 90 feet of guided travel for the Applied Physics Laboratory tower at White Sands, and Wade gives 53 metres for Aerobee towers generally. The tower-exit calculation in this article uses the full 43.6 metres, would give 110 metres per second at 53, and would give less over a shorter guided length.

The burnout figures. The burnout velocity of 4,420 feet per second at 17 nautical miles rests on White 2011 alone, which matches the speed Parsch gives for the original Aerobee, while Mattson and Tagg 1995 give a maximum velocity of 3,600 miles per hour about 33 seconds after launch.

The internal consistency of the published performance figures. The staged reconstruction at the 40 second sustainer burn falls 209 metres per second short of the reported burnout velocity before any drag is counted, against an independent drag-loss estimate of 60 to 150. One or more of the booster inert mass, the sustainer burn time, and the specific impulse is therefore off, a burn between 47 and 49 seconds would close the figures on its own, and the record does not say which.

Whether the reported five percent design conservatism reflects physical margin or numerical error in the hand integration. The Euler truncation error of a one-second step is 3.8 percent, which is the same size, and the two cannot be separated from the public record.

Whether any payload fragments from the 16 October 1957 Aerobee shaped-charge experiment reached escape velocity. Zwicky claimed at the time that at least two did. A later analysis by McDowell concludes that none did. This article takes no position and notes only that the claim was contemporaneously compared to Sputnik in the press.

Out of Scope

The Aerobee-Hi, the Aerobee 100, 150, 170, 300, and 350, and the Nike-boosted derivatives are treated here only where they illuminate the X-8. They are the larger part of the family’s history and they carry no X-designation.

The V-2 programme, Project Hermes, and the Bumper firings are the X-8’s context rather than its subject. The Viking and Vanguard vehicles, which were the Naval Research Laboratory’s competing line, are mentioned only for contrast.

The science results are surveyed rather than assessed. The X-ray astronomy that began on an Aerobee has a fifty-year literature of its own, and the ionospheric and aeronomic results likewise. Nothing here evaluates whether any particular result stood up.

The designation-system question raised in the opening is stated rather than resolved, because resolving it requires the later cases. It returns in the closing article of this series.

Sounding rockets of other nations, including the British Skylark, the Japanese Kappa series, and the Soviet vertical-probe rockets, are outside the X-designation entirely and are not covered.

Conclusion

The X-8 is the first vehicle in this series that was not built to be studied. It was built to carry, and everything unusual about it follows from that.

Optical depth set the requirement, and observing time was the figure of merit. Both are logarithmic in the quantity a programme pays for, which is mass ratio, and the consequence is that a sounding-rocket programme buys precision by flying often rather than by flying high. The vehicle was therefore optimised for cheapness and repeatability at every point where those competed with performance. It burned a mediocre storable propellant so it could sit on the tower. It used pressurised tanks so it needed no turbopump. It made the tanks the structure so it needed no airframe. It had no guidance, so it needed a tower and a desert. It rolled to average out its own manufacturing errors, and accepted a resonance hazard in exchange. It threw its fins away so the parachute would survive, and it recovered its nose cone physically because the information in a photographic plate exceeded the entire telemetry capacity of the flight by a factor of about twenty-five.

None of these are good engineering in the abstract and all of them are correct for the use. The X-7 carried the same lesson in a different currency.

What it produced is out of proportion to what it was. The first vertical ozone profile, the first measured atmosphere above 30 kilometres, the first far-ultraviolet solar spectra, the first solar X-ray flare observation, the first neutral composition by mass spectrometry, and the discovery of the first X-ray source outside the solar system all came from the sounding-rocket programme to which this vehicle belonged, the earliest of them from the captured V-2 rockets that the Aerobee replaced. One of them earned a Nobel Prize. The observation lasted a few minutes, and the reason a few minutes sufficed is the relation this article opens with.

The designation is the loose end. The X-8 is an X-plane by administrative act rather than by any property it possesses. It is the first case where the letter stopped meaning experimental aircraft and started meaning experimental vehicle. Nobody appears to have decided that. It became true, and the rest of this series is in part the story of how far it went.

Equations

This section collects the 200 display equations of the article in the order they appear, each under its number and reproduced exactly as it stands in the text. A title in bold names an established result, and a title in italics beginning with the word Bespoke names a construction made for this analysis. Of the 200, 155 are established and 45 are bespoke. Quantities are in International System units unless a line states otherwise, with altitudes and scale heights inside a logarithm or a product sometimes written in kilometres and the nozzle exit area first found in square inches from pounds of thrust, and the effective exhaust velocity of 1962 metres per second is a working value the article infers rather than a measured one.

Equation 1, Beer and Lambert Attenuation. Radiation crossing an absorbing medium falls exponentially with the optical depth accumulated along its path. Banks and Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy

\[I(z) = I_{\infty} \, e^{-\tau(z)} \tag{1}\]

Equation 2, Optical Depth of the Overhead Column. The optical depth above an altitude is the absorption cross-section times the column of absorbers overhead for a path at the zenith. Banks and Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy

\[\tau(z) = \sigma \int_{z}^{\infty} n(z') \, \mathrm{d}z' \tag{2}\]

Equation 3, Scale Height of an Isothermal Atmosphere. The scale height is the thermal energy per molecule divided by the weight of a molecule, the distance over which an isothermal atmosphere thins by a factor of $e$. Banks and Kockarts 1973 Aeronomy

\[H = \frac{k T}{m g} \tag{3}\]

Equation 4, Scale Height at 250 Kelvin. Evaluating the scale height for air of mean molecular mass 28.9 atomic mass units at 250 kelvin and a gravity of 9.5 metres per second squared gives about 7.6 kilometres.

\[H = \frac{(1.381 \times 10^{-23})(250)}{(4.80 \times 10^{-26})(9.5)} = 7.6 \times 10^{3} \, \text{m} \tag{4}\]

Equation 5, Optical Depth of an Exponential Atmosphere. For a density falling exponentially with the scale height the column integral collapses, so the optical depth is the cross-section times the local density times the scale height. Chapman 1931a

\[\tau(z) = \sigma \, n(z) \, H \tag{5}\]

Equation 6, Density at Unit Optical Depth. The atmosphere becomes transparent at the density at which the optical depth falls to one. Chapman 1931a

\[n^{*} = \frac{1}{\sigma H} \tag{6}\]

Equation 7, Altitude of Unit Optical Depth. The altitude at which the overhead column reaches unit optical depth is the scale height times the logarithm of the sea-level density over the critical density, so it depends only logarithmically on the cross-section. Chapman 1931a

\[z^{*} = H \ln \left( \frac{n_0}{n^{*}} \right) = H \ln \left( \sigma H n_0 \right) \tag{7}\]

Equation 8, Critical Density for Lyman-Alpha Absorption by Oxygen. Molecular oxygen at 21 percent of the air with a cross-section near $10^{-24}$ square metres reaches unit optical depth at a total density of about $6.3 \times 10^{20}$ per cubic metre.

\[n^{*}_{\text{tot}} = \frac{1}{0.21 \, \sigma H} = \frac{1}{(0.21)(10^{-24})(7.6 \times 10^{3})} = 6.3 \times 10^{20} \, \text{m}^{-3} \tag{8}\]

Equation 9, Altitude at Which Lyman-Alpha Becomes Observable. The unit optical depth altitude for the Lyman-alpha critical density is about 80 kilometres.

\[z^{*} = 7.6 \ln \left( \frac{2.5 \times 10^{25}}{6.3 \times 10^{20}} \right) = 7.6 \times 10.6 = 80 \, \text{km} \tag{9}\]

Equation 10, Altitude at Which Soft X-Rays Become Observable. A cross-section near $10^{-23}$ square metres against the bulk atmosphere places unit optical depth for radiation near 44 angstroms at about 110 kilometres.

\[z^{*} = 7.6 \ln \left( (10^{-23})(7.6 \times 10^{3})(2.5 \times 10^{25}) \right) = 7.6 \times 14.5 = 110 \, \text{km} \tag{10}\]

Equation 11, Optical Depth of the Whole Ozone Layer. The Hartley band cross-section times the total ozone column gives an optical depth of about 92, so the layer is opaque until the rocket climbs through it.

\[\tau = \sigma N = (1.15 \times 10^{-21})(8 \times 10^{22}) = 92 \tag{11}\]

Equation 12, Time Above a Threshold on a Ballistic Arc. With gravity constant over the arc the altitude is a parabola in time, so the interval above a threshold is twice the time to fall from apogee to that threshold.

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2 \sqrt{\frac{2 \left( h_a - h_t \right)}{g}} \tag{12}\]

Equation 13, Time Above the Lyman-Alpha Threshold. An apogee of 116 kilometres gives about 174 seconds above the 80 kilometre threshold.

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2 \left( 36 \times 10^{3} \right)}{9.5}} = 2 \times 87 = 174 \, \text{s} \tag{13}\]

Equation 14, Time Above the Soft X-Ray Threshold. The same apogee gives about 71 seconds above the 110 kilometre threshold.

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2 \left( 6 \times 10^{3} \right)}{9.5}} = 2 \times 35.5 = 71 \, \text{s} \tag{14}\]

Equation 15, Apogee from Burnout Conditions. In a drag-free vertical coast at constant gravity the apogee exceeds the burnout altitude by the square of the burnout speed over twice the gravity.

\[h_a = h_b + \frac{v_b^{2}}{2g} \tag{15}\]

Equation 16, Observing Time Above Burnout Altitude. Setting the threshold at the burnout altitude cancels it and leaves an observing time of twice the burnout speed over gravity.

\[t_{\text{obs}} = 2\sqrt{\frac{2}{g} \cdot \frac{v_b^{2}}{2g}} = \frac{2 v_b}{g} \tag{16}\]

Equation 17, Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation. The ideal velocity increment is the effective exhaust velocity times the natural logarithm of the mass ratio. Tsiolkovsky rocket equation Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[\Delta v = c \ln R \tag{17}\]

Equation 18, Bespoke Observing Time in Terms of Exhaust Velocity and Mass Ratio. Substituting the ideal rocket increment for the burnout speed makes the observing time linear in exhaust velocity and logarithmic in mass ratio, under the article’s neglect of gravity and drag losses during the burn.

\[t_{\text{obs}} = \frac{2c}{g} \ln R \tag{18}\]

Equation 19, Bespoke Observing Time Coefficient. Twice the working exhaust velocity of 1962 metres per second over gravity gives 400 seconds of observation for each factor of $e$ in mass ratio.

\[\frac{2c}{g} = \frac{2 \times 1962}{9.81} = 400 \, \text{s} \tag{19}\]

Equation 20, Probability of a Target Within the Field of View. For a circular Gaussian pointing error the chance that the target falls within a field of half-angle $\theta$ follows the Rayleigh distribution of the radial error.

\[P_{\text{hit}} = 1 - \exp \left( -\frac{\theta^{2}}{2 s^{2}} \right) \tag{20}\]

Equation 21, Miles Equation for Random Vibration Response. A lightly damped single-degree-of-freedom structure driven by broadband acceleration responds with a root-mean-square acceleration set by its natural frequency, quality factor and the input spectral density.

\[a_{\text{rms}} = \sqrt{\frac{\pi}{2} f_n Q \, S_a} \tag{21}\]

Equation 22, Molecular Flux from Kinetic Theory. Kinetic theory gives the number of molecules striking or leaving a surface per unit area and time at a partial pressure $p$ and temperature $T$.

\[\Phi = \frac{p}{\sqrt{2 \pi m k T}} \tag{22}\]

Equation 23, Sample Size for a Two-Sample Comparison. Detecting a difference $d$ against a scatter $\sigma$ at a chosen significance and power requires a number of samples per group set by the sum of the two normal quantiles. Box Hunter and Hunter 2005 Statistics for Experimenters Cohen 1988 Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

\[n = 2 \left( \frac{ \left( z_{\alpha} + z_{\beta} \right) \sigma }{d} \right)^{2} \tag{23}\]

Equation 24, Sample Size for an Effect Equal to the Scatter. At five percent significance and eighty percent power an effect the size of the scatter needs about sixteen flights per condition. Box Hunter and Hunter 2005 Statistics for Experimenters Cohen 1988 Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences

\[n = 2 \left( \frac{1.96 + 0.84}{1} \right)^{2} = 15.7 \approx 16 \tag{24}\]

Equation 25, Bespoke Standard Error at a Sample Size Set by Budget. The standard error of a mean falls as the inverse square root of the sample, and the article sets the sample by dividing a fixed budget by the unit cost of a flight.

\[\mathrm{SE} = \frac{\sigma}{\sqrt{n}} = \sigma \sqrt{\frac{c_u}{C}} \tag{25}\]

Equation 26, Ideal Effective Exhaust Velocity. The exhaust velocity of an ideal isentropic expansion is fixed by the combustion temperature, the molecular mass of the products, the ratio of specific heats and the nozzle pressure ratio. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[c = \sqrt{ \frac{2 \gamma}{\gamma - 1} \cdot \frac{R_u T_c}{M} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{p_e}{p_c} \right)^{\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma}} \right] } \tag{26}\]

Equation 27, Exhaust Velocity of Nitric Acid and Aniline. The ideal relation is evaluated at a flame temperature near 2900 kelvin, products of 25 grammes per mole, a ratio of specific heats of 1.22 and an expansion from 2.8 to 0.1 megapascals.

\[c = \sqrt{ \frac{2 \times 1.22}{0.22} \cdot \frac{(8.314)(2900)}{0.025} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{0.1}{2.8} \right)^{0.180} \right] } \tag{27}\]

Equation 28, Theoretical Exhaust Velocity of the Sustainer Propellants. Collecting the factors gives a theoretical effective exhaust velocity of about 2196 metres per second.

\[c = \sqrt{ (11.09)(9.644 \times 10^{5})(0.451) } = \sqrt{4.82 \times 10^{6}} = 2196 \, \text{m/s} \tag{28}\]

Equation 29, Theoretical Specific Impulse. The specific impulse is the effective exhaust velocity divided by standard gravity, about 224 seconds for this propellant in theory. specific impulse

\[I_{sp} = \frac{c}{g_0} = \frac{2196}{9.81} = 224 \, \text{s} \tag{29}\]

Equation 30, Boil-Off Rate of a Cryogenic Tank. Heat leaking through the tank wall vaporises propellant at the heat flow divided by the latent heat of vaporisation.

\[\dot{m}_{\text{boil}} = \frac{\dot{Q}}{h_{fg}} = \frac{U A \left( T_{\infty} - T_{\text{sat}} \right)}{h_{fg}} \tag{30}\]

Equation 31, Bespoke Boil-Off of Uninsulated Liquid Oxygen. The boil-off is evaluated for an uninsulated wall with an overall coefficient of 5 watts per square metre kelvin and a temperature difference of 210 kelvin, values the article assumes.

\[\dot{m}_{\text{boil}} = \frac{(5)(3.9)(210)}{2.13 \times 10^{5}} = 0.0192 \, \text{kg/s} = 69 \, \text{kg/h} \tag{31}\]

Equation 32, Vacuum and Sea-Level Thrust Difference. The thrust lost at sea level is the ambient pressure acting on the nozzle exit area.

\[F_{\text{vac}} - F_{\text{SL}} = p_{\text{amb}} A_e \tag{32}\]

Equation 33, Nozzle Exit Area from the Thrust Difference. The published vacuum and sea-level thrusts of the 4000 pound engine fix the exit area at about 42.7 square inches.

\[A_e = \frac{(4728 - 4100) \, \text{lbf}}{14.7 \, \text{psi}} = \frac{628}{14.7} = 42.7 \, \text{in}^{2} \tag{33}\]

Equation 34, Nozzle Exit Diameter. The exit diameter follows from the exit area of a circular nozzle.

\[d_e = \sqrt{\frac{4 A_e}{\pi}} = \sqrt{\frac{4 \times 0.0276}{\pi}} = 0.187 \, \text{m} \tag{34}\]

Equation 35, Throat Area from the Expansion Ratio. Dividing the exit area by the published expansion ratio of 4.6 gives the throat area and diameter.

\[A_t = \frac{A_e}{\varepsilon} = \frac{0.0276}{4.6} = 6.00 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{m}^{2}, \qquad d_t = 0.0874 \, \text{m} \tag{35}\]

Equation 36, Isentropic Area Mach Relation. The ratio of exit to throat area fixes the exit Mach number of an isentropic nozzle for a given ratio of specific heats. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements Anderson 2002 Modern Compressible Flow

\[\varepsilon = \frac{A_e}{A_t} = \frac{1}{M_e} \left[ \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M_e^{2} \right) \right]^{\frac{\gamma+1}{2(\gamma-1)}} \tag{36}\]

Equation 37, Exit Pressure Ratio. The isentropic pressure ratio at the exit Mach number gives the exit pressure as a fraction of chamber pressure. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[\frac{p_e}{p_c} = \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M_e^{2} \right)^{-\frac{\gamma}{\gamma-1}} = 0.0344 \tag{37}\]

Equation 38, Thrust Coefficient. The thrust coefficient is the momentum term of the ideal expansion plus the pressure difference across the exit area over the chamber pressure. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[C_F = \sqrt{ \frac{2\gamma^{2}}{\gamma-1} \left( \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \right)^{\frac{\gamma+1}{\gamma-1}} \left[ 1 - \left( \frac{p_e}{p_c} \right)^{\frac{\gamma-1}{\gamma}} \right] } + \left( \frac{p_e - p_a}{p_c} \right) \varepsilon \tag{38}\]

Equation 39, Vacuum Thrust Coefficient. At an expansion ratio of 4.6 the momentum term and the full exit pressure term sum to about 1.624.

\[C_{F,\text{vac}} = 1.466 + (0.0344)(4.6) = 1.624 \tag{39}\]

Equation 40, Sea-Level Thrust in Terms of Chamber Pressure. The sea-level thrust is the vacuum thrust less the ambient pressure on the exit area, which ties the sea-level coefficient to the chamber pressure.

\[F_{\text{SL}} = \left[ C_{F,\text{vac}} - \frac{p_a \varepsilon}{p_c} \right] p_c A_t = C_{F,\text{vac}} \, p_c A_t - p_a A_e \tag{40}\]

Equation 41, Chamber Pressure from the Sea-Level Thrust. Solving the sea-level thrust relation with the published 4100 pounds gives a chamber pressure of about 2.16 megapascals.

\[p_c = \frac{F_{\text{SL}} + p_a A_e}{C_{F,\text{vac}} A_t} = \frac{18237 + (101325)(0.02756)}{(1.624)(5.99 \times 10^{-3})} = 2.16 \times 10^{6} \, \text{Pa} \tag{41}\]

Equation 42, Sea-Level Thrust Coefficient. Subtracting the ambient pressure term at that chamber pressure gives a sea-level coefficient of about 1.41.

\[C_{F,\text{SL}} = 1.624 - \frac{(101325)(4.6)}{2.16 \times 10^{6}} = 1.409 \tag{42}\]

Equation 43, Vacuum Thrust as an Independent Check. Carrying the derived chamber pressure back to vacuum reproduces the separately published 4728 pounds to within one pound.

\[F_{\text{vac}} = C_{F,\text{vac}} \, p_c A_t = (1.624)(2.16 \times 10^{6})(5.99 \times 10^{-3}) = 21{,}030 \, \text{N} = 4727 \, \text{lbf} \tag{43}\]

Equation 44, Exit Pressure at Sea Level. The exit pressure of about 74 kilopascals lies below ambient, so the nozzle is overexpanded at sea level.

\[p_e = 0.0344 \, p_c = (0.0344)(2.16 \times 10^{6}) = 74.3 \, \text{kPa} \tag{44}\]

Equation 45, Characteristic Velocity. The characteristic velocity is the chamber pressure times the throat area divided by the mass flow, a measure of combustion quality independent of the nozzle. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[c^{*} = \frac{p_c A_t}{\dot{m}} \tag{45}\]

Equation 46, Mass Flow from Thrust and Specific Impulse. The mass flow is the thrust divided by the effective exhaust velocity, here the working value of 200 seconds of specific impulse.

\[\dot{m} = \frac{F}{I_{sp} g_0} = \frac{(4100)(4.448)}{1962} = 9.29 \, \text{kg/s} \tag{46}\]

Equation 47, Delivered Characteristic Velocity. The derived chamber pressure, throat area and mass flow give a delivered characteristic velocity of about 1393 metres per second.

\[c^{*} = \frac{(2.16 \times 10^{6})(5.99 \times 10^{-3})}{9.29} = 1393 \, \text{m/s} \tag{47}\]

Equation 48, Mass Flow Through a Choked Throat. A sonic throat passes a mass flow fixed by the chamber pressure, the throat area, the chamber temperature and a flow factor that depends on the ratio of specific heats. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[\dot{m} = \frac{p_c A_t}{\sqrt{R T_c}} \, \Gamma, \qquad \Gamma = \sqrt{\gamma} \left( \frac{2}{\gamma+1} \right)^{\frac{\gamma+1}{2(\gamma-1)}} \tag{48}\]

Equation 49, Ideal Characteristic Velocity. Combining the choked flow relation with the definition shows that the ideal characteristic velocity depends only on the combustion gas. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[c^{*}_{\text{ideal}} = \frac{\sqrt{R T_c}}{\Gamma} \tag{49}\]

Equation 50, Ideal Characteristic Velocity of the Propellants. A specific gas constant of 333 joules per kilogramme kelvin at 2900 kelvin and a flow factor of 0.652 give about 1505 metres per second.

\[c^{*}_{\text{ideal}} = \frac{\sqrt{(333)(2900)}}{0.652} = \frac{982}{0.652} = 1505 \, \text{m/s} \tag{50}\]

Equation 51, Combustion Efficiency. The ratio of the delivered to the ideal characteristic velocity gives a combustion efficiency near 93 percent.

\[\eta_{c^{*}} = \frac{1393}{1505} = 0.926 \tag{51}\]

Equation 52, Bartz Throat Heat Transfer Correlation. The Bartz correlation gives the gas-side heat transfer coefficient at a rocket throat from the throat diameter, the gas properties and the ratio of chamber pressure to characteristic velocity.

\[h_g = \frac{0.026}{d_t^{0.2}} \left( \frac{\mu^{0.2} c_p}{\mathrm{Pr}^{0.6}} \right) \left( \frac{p_c}{c^{*}} \right)^{0.8} \tag{52}\]

Equation 53, Bespoke Throat Heat Transfer Coefficient. The correlation is evaluated with a viscosity, specific heat and Prandtl number that the article assumes for the combustion gas.

\[h_g = \frac{0.026}{(0.0874)^{0.2}} \left( \frac{(8 \times 10^{-5})^{0.2}(1900)}{(0.8)^{0.6}} \right) \left( \frac{2.16 \times 10^{6}}{1393} \right)^{0.8} = 4900 \, \text{W/m}^{2}\text{K} \tag{53}\]

Equation 54, Bespoke Throat Heat Flux. The heat transfer coefficient times a gas-to-wall temperature difference of about 1900 kelvin, which the article assumes, gives a throat flux of about nine megawatts per square metre.

\[q_t = h_g \left( T_{aw} - T_w \right) = (4900)(1900) = 9.3 \, \text{MW/m}^{2} \tag{54}\]

Equation 55, Mass of a Thin-Walled Pressure Vessel. The wall mass of a thin pressure vessel is a shape factor times the pressure and volume divided by the specific strength of the material. Huzel and Huang 1992 Design of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines

\[m_{\text{tank}} = k \frac{\rho_m}{\sigma_a} p V \tag{55}\]

Equation 56, Volume of a Cylindrical Tank. A cylinder of 0.38 metres diameter and 3 metres length holds 0.34 cubic metres.

\[V = \frac{\pi d^{2}}{4} L = \frac{\pi (0.38)^{2}}{4} (3) = 0.340 \, \text{m}^{3} \tag{56}\]

Equation 57, Bespoke Mass of a Pressure-Fed Tank. The vessel mass is evaluated at an ullage pressure of 3.1 megapascals and an aluminium allowable of 200 megapascals, values the article assumes. Huzel and Huang 1992 Design of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines

\[m_{\text{tank}} = 2 \times \frac{2800}{2 \times 10^{8}} \times (3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.340) = 29.5 \, \text{kg} \tag{57}\]

Equation 58, Mass of Stored Pressurant. The real-gas law gives the mass of pressurant that fills a volume at a given pressure and temperature.

\[m_{\text{gas}} = \frac{p V M_g}{Z R_u T} \tag{58}\]

Equation 59, Helium Mass to Pressurise One Tank. Helium at 3.1 megapascals filling 0.34 cubic metres at 300 kelvin weighs about 1.7 kilogrammes.

\[m_{\text{gas}} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.34)(4.003 \times 10^{-3})}{(1)(8.314)(300)} = 1.69 \, \text{kg} \tag{59}\]

Equation 60, Air Mass to Pressurise One Tank. Air does the same job at the ratio of molecular masses, about 12 kilogrammes.

\[m_{\text{air}} = 1.69 \times \frac{29}{4.003} = 12.2 \, \text{kg} \tag{60}\]

Equation 61, Burnout Speed from a Drag-Free Coast. Energy conservation in a drag-free coast at a mean gravity gives the burnout speed needed to reach a given apogee.

\[v_b = \sqrt{2 \bar{g} \left( h_a - h_b \right)} \tag{61}\]

Equation 62, Burnout Speed Implied by the Published Apogee. The published apogee and burnout altitude imply about 1274 metres per second, below the reported 1347 by the drag the coast omits. White 2011

\[v_b = \sqrt{2 (9.6) \left( 116 - 31.5 \right) \times 10^{3}} = \sqrt{1.622 \times 10^{6}} = 1274 \, \text{m/s} \tag{62}\]

Equation 63, Gravity Loss in Near-Vertical Flight. The component of gravity along a path at angle $\gamma$ from the vertical, integrated over the burn, is close to the mean gravity times the burn time when the path stays near vertical.

\[\Delta v_g = \int_0^{t_b} g \cos \gamma \, \mathrm{d}t \approx \bar{g} \, t_b \tag{63}\]

Equation 64, Gravity Loss Over the Burn. A 42.5 second burn at a mean gravity of 9.75 metres per second squared loses about 414 metres per second.

\[\Delta v_g = (9.75)(42.5) = 414 \, \text{m/s} \tag{64}\]

Equation 65, Bespoke Ideal Velocity Increment Required. The budget adds the reported burnout speed, the gravity loss and a drag loss of 130 metres per second that the article assumes from its own estimated range.

\[\Delta v_{\text{ideal}} = 1347 + 414 + 130 = 1891 \, \text{m/s} \tag{65}\]

Equation 66, Total Impulse of Booster and Sustainer. The published thrusts and burn times of the two motors give a combined impulse of about 664 kilonewton seconds. Aerobee

\[I_{\text{tot}} = F_b t_b + F_s t_s = (80.1)(2.5) + (11.6)(40) = 200 + 464 = 664 \, \text{kN} \cdot \text{s} \tag{66}\]

Equation 67, Propellant Mass Implied by the Total Impulse. Dividing the total impulse by the working exhaust velocity gives about 338 kilogrammes of propellant.

\[m_p = \frac{I_{\text{tot}}}{c} = \frac{6.64 \times 10^{5}}{1962} = 338 \, \text{kg} \tag{67}\]

Equation 68, Bespoke Single-Stage Mass Ratio with the Booster Jettisoned. The mass ratio subtracts the propellant and a booster inert mass of 150 kilogrammes that the article assumes, since no source reports it.

\[R = \frac{745}{745 - 338 - 150} = \frac{745}{257} = 2.90 \tag{68}\]

Equation 69, Bespoke Booster Propellant Mass. The booster impulse divided by a solid-motor exhaust velocity of 2060 metres per second, which the article assumes, gives about 97 kilogrammes of propellant.

\[m_{p,b} = \frac{2.00 \times 10^{5}}{2060} = 97 \, \text{kg} \tag{69}\]

Equation 70, Velocity Increment of the Boost Phase. The rocket equation applied to the boost, with the exhaust velocity taken as thrust over mass flow, gives about 288 metres per second.

\[\Delta v_1 = \frac{F_b}{\dot{m}_b} \ln \frac{745}{648} = \frac{80100}{38.8} \ln (1.150) = (2064)(0.1395) = 288 \, \text{m/s} \tag{70}\]

Equation 71, Velocity Increment of the Sustainer Phase. The rocket equation applied to the sustainer stage from 498 to 261.5 kilogrammes gives about 1264 metres per second.

\[\Delta v_2 = 1962 \ln \frac{498}{261.5} = (1962)(0.644) = 1264 \, \text{m/s} \tag{71}\]

Equation 72, Bespoke Staged Reconstruction of the Burnout Speed. The two increments less their gravity losses fall short of the reported burnout speed before drag is counted, a closure test the article constructs on its assumed inert mass, burn time and exhaust velocity.

\[v_b = 264 + 1264 - 390 - \Delta v_{\text{drag}} = 1138 - \Delta v_{\text{drag}} \tag{72}\]

Equation 73, Exit Speed from a Launch Tower. A constant net acceleration over the tower length gives an exit speed of the square root of twice their product.

\[v_e = \sqrt{2 a L} \tag{73}\]

Equation 74, Net Acceleration During Boost. Both motors acting on the full liftoff mass against gravity give a net acceleration of about 113 metres per second squared.

\[a = \frac{F_b + F_s}{m_0} - g = \frac{80.1 \times 10^{3} + 11.6 \times 10^{3}}{745} - 9.81 = 123.1 - 9.8 = 113.3 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{74}\]

Equation 75, Exit Speed from the 143-Foot Tower. The net acceleration over the 43.6 metre tower gives an exit speed of about 99 metres per second. Mattson and Tagg 1995

\[v_e = \sqrt{2 (113.3)(43.6)} = \sqrt{9880} = 99.4 \, \text{m/s} \tag{75}\]

Equation 76, Time on the Tower. The exit speed divided by the net acceleration gives under a second on the tower.

\[t_e = \frac{v_e}{a} = \frac{99.4}{113.3} = 0.88 \, \text{s} \tag{76}\]

Equation 77, Angle of Attack Induced by a Crosswind. A crosswind meeting a vehicle at its exit speed produces an angle of attack whose tangent is the ratio of the two speeds.

\[\alpha_w = \arctan \frac{w}{v_e} \tag{77}\]

Equation 78, Crosswind Angle of Attack at Tower Exit. A ten metre per second crosswind at the tower exit speed gives an angle of attack of about 5.7 degrees.

\[\alpha_w = \arctan \frac{10}{99.4} = 5.7^{\circ} \tag{78}\]

Equation 79, Aerodynamic Restoring Stiffness. The pitch restoring moment per radian is the dynamic pressure times the reference area times the normal force slope times the static margin.

\[M_{\alpha} = q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right) \tag{79}\]

Equation 80, Dynamic Pressure at Tower Exit. At the range elevation of 1200 metres the exit speed gives a dynamic pressure of about 5.2 kilopascals.

\[q = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho v_e^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2} (1.06)(99.4)^{2} = 5237 \, \text{Pa} \tag{80}\]

Equation 81, Bespoke Restoring Stiffness at Tower Exit. The stiffness is evaluated with a normal force slope of 12 per radian, a static margin of 1.5 calibres and a pitch inertia of 3000 kilogramme square metres, values the article assumes.

\[M_{\alpha} = (5237)(0.1134)(12)(0.57) = 4061 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m/rad} \tag{81}\]

Equation 82, Pitch Natural Frequency at Tower Exit. The square root of the restoring stiffness over the pitch inertia gives about 1.16 radians per second.

\[\omega_n = \sqrt{\frac{M_{\alpha}}{I_y}} = \sqrt{\frac{4061}{3000}} = 1.16 \, \text{rad/s} \tag{82}\]

Equation 83, Bespoke Linear Pitch Equation with Fin Damping. The article writes the pitch motion as a second-order system whose damping term takes the static margin as the lever arm of the fin force induced by pitch rate, a simplification of the usual pitch damping derivative.

\[I_y \ddot{\alpha} + \left( \frac{q S \, C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)^{2}}{v} \right) \dot{\alpha} + q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right) \alpha = 0 \tag{83}\]

Equation 84, Standard Second-Order Form. Dividing by the pitch inertia puts the motion in the standard form whose damping ratio is the damping term over twice the square root of stiffness times inertia.

\[\ddot{\alpha} + 2 \zeta \omega_n \dot{\alpha} + \omega_n^{2} \alpha = 0, \qquad \zeta = \frac{M_q}{2 \sqrt{M_{\alpha} I_y}} \tag{84}\]

Equation 85, Bespoke Pitch Damping Coefficient at Tower Exit. The damping coefficient of the article’s model is evaluated at tower exit with the assumed slope, static margin and speed.

\[M_q = \frac{q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)^{2}}{v} = \frac{(5237)(0.1134)(12)(0.57)^{2}}{99.4} = 23.3 \, \text{N} \cdot \text{m} \cdot \text{s/rad} \tag{85}\]

Equation 86, Damping Ratio at Tower Exit. The model damping ratio at tower exit is about a third of one percent of critical.

\[\zeta = \frac{23.3}{2\sqrt{(4061)(3000)}} = 0.0033 \tag{86}\]

Equation 87, Cycles to Halve an Oscillation. A lightly damped oscillation halves in amplitude after the natural logarithm of two divided by two pi times the damping ratio cycles, about 33 here.

\[N_{1/2} = \frac{\ln 2}{2 \pi \zeta} = \frac{0.693}{2\pi (0.0033)} = 33 \tag{87}\]

Equation 88, Bespoke Scaling of Damping Ratio with Density. Because the model damping scales as density times speed and the stiffness root as speed times the square root of density, the damping ratio falls as the square root of density.

\[\zeta \propto \sqrt{\rho} \tag{88}\]

Equation 89, Centre of Pressure as a Weighted Mean. The centre of pressure of the whole vehicle is the mean of the component centres of pressure weighted by their normal force slopes. Barrowman 1967

\[x_{cp} = \frac{\sum_i C_{N\alpha,i} \, x_i}{\sum_i C_{N\alpha,i}} \tag{89}\]

Equation 90, Barrowman Fin Normal Force Slope. The subsonic normal force slope of a set of trapezoidal fins depends on the number of fins, their semi-span relative to the body diameter and their sweep and chords, multiplied by an interference factor. Barrowman 1967

\[C_{N\alpha,\text{fin}} = \frac{4 n \left( s / d \right)^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \left( \frac{2 \ell}{c_r + c_t} \right)^{2}}} \cdot K_{fb} \tag{90}\]

Equation 91, Fin and Body Interference Factor. The body increases the effectiveness of fins mounted on it by a factor that depends on the ratio of body radius to the sum of semi-span and radius. Barrowman 1967

\[K_{fb} = 1 + \frac{r}{s + r} \tag{91}\]

Equation 92, Interference Factor of the X-8. A body radius of 0.19 metres and an exposed semi-span of 0.61 metres give a factor of about 1.24.

\[K_{fb} = 1 + \frac{0.19}{0.61 + 0.19} = 1.24 \tag{92}\]

Equation 93, Bespoke Fin Normal Force Slope of the X-8. The Barrowman relation is evaluated for three fins with a root chord of 0.9 metres, a tip chord of 0.4 metres and a mid-chord sweep length of 0.5 metres, a planform the article assumes.

\[C_{N\alpha,\text{fin}} = \frac{4 (3) \left( 0.61 / 0.38 \right)^{2}}{1 + \sqrt{1 + \left( \frac{1.0}{1.3} \right)^{2}}} (1.24) = \frac{30.9}{2.262} (1.24) = 17.0 \tag{93}\]

Equation 94, Divergence Time Constant of an Unstable Vehicle. With a reversed restoring stiffness the angle of attack grows exponentially with a time constant of the square root of inertia over the magnitude of the stiffness.

\[\tau_{\text{div}} = \sqrt{\frac{I_y}{\left| M_{\alpha} \right|}} \tag{94}\]

Equation 95, Divergence Time Constant at Tower Exit. For the stiffness and inertia above the divergence time constant is under a second.

\[\tau_{\text{div}} = \sqrt{\frac{3000}{4061}} = 0.86 \, \text{s} \tag{95}\]

Equation 96, Range Error from a Launcher Elevation Error. Differentiating the flat-earth ballistic range with respect to launch elevation gives the range error per unit elevation error. Regan and Anandakrishnan 1993 Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry

\[\Delta X = \frac{\partial X}{\partial \theta} \delta \theta = \frac{2 v_b^{2} \cos 2\theta}{g} \delta \theta \tag{96}\]

Equation 97, Lateral Velocity from a Fixed Thrust Misalignment. A thrust misaligned by a small angle $\epsilon$ and fixed in inertial space adds lateral velocity at that fraction of the ideal increment.

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \int_0^{t_b} \frac{F \epsilon}{m} \, \mathrm{d}t \approx \epsilon \, \Delta v \tag{97}\]

Equation 98, Bespoke Lateral Velocity from Weathercocking in a Constant Wind. The article assumes that the vehicle holds its axis along the relative wind, so each increment of speed is tilted by the wind over the speed and the integral over a constant wind gives a logarithm of the speed ratio.

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \int_{v_e}^{v_b} \frac{w}{v} \, \mathrm{d}v = w \ln \frac{v_b}{v_e} \tag{98}\]

Equation 99, Impact Displacement from a Lateral Velocity. A lateral velocity carried through a vertical flight lasting twice the burnout speed over gravity displaces the impact point by their product.

\[\Delta X = \frac{2 v_b \Delta v_{\perp}}{g} \tag{99}\]

Equation 100, Bespoke Wind Dispersion for a Ten Metre per Second Wind. The weathercocking model applied from tower exit to burnout in a constant ten metre per second wind moves the impact point about seven kilometres.

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = 10 \ln \frac{1347}{99.4} = 26 \, \text{m/s}, \qquad \Delta X = \frac{2 (1347)(26)}{9.81} = 7.1 \, \text{km} \tag{100}\]

Equation 101, Wind Weighting Correction. The launcher offset that cancels the measured wind is the sum over layers of the unit wind effect times the wind speed times the layer thickness.

\[\Delta \theta_{\text{launch}} = - \sum_j W_j \, w_j \, \Delta h_j \tag{101}\]

Equation 102, Total Dispersion of Independent Sources. Independent dispersion sources combine as the root sum of their squares.

\[\sigma_{X}^{2} = \sigma_{\text{aim}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{thrust}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{wind}}^{2} + \sigma_{\text{sep}}^{2} \tag{102}\]

Equation 103, Rayleigh Probability Within a Radius. For circular bivariate normal errors the probability of landing within a radius follows the Rayleigh distribution.

\[P(R) = 1 - \exp \left( -\frac{R^{2}}{2\sigma^{2}} \right) \tag{103}\]

Equation 104, Probability Within Three Standard Deviations in Two Dimensions. A radius of three standard deviations contains about 98.9 percent of impacts in two dimensions rather than the 99.7 percent of the one-dimensional case.

\[P(3\sigma) = 1 - e^{-4.5} = 0.989 \tag{104}\]

Equation 105, Radius Containing 99.7 Percent of Impacts. Inverting the Rayleigh distribution gives the radius that contains 99.7 percent of impacts, about 3.41 standard deviations.

\[R = \sigma \sqrt{-2 \ln (1 - 0.997)} = 3.41 \, \sigma \tag{105}\]

Equation 106, Residual Lateral Velocity of a Rolling Vehicle. A body-fixed lateral acceleration rotates with the roll, so its integrated effect over the burn is bounded by twice the acceleration over the roll rate.

\[\Delta v_{\perp} = \frac{2 a_{\perp}}{p} \left| \sin \frac{p t_b}{2} \right| \le \frac{2 a_{\perp}}{p} \tag{106}\]

Equation 107, Steady Roll Rate from Canted Fins. The steady roll rate balances the rolling moment of fin cant against the roll damping of the same fins.

\[p_{ss} = \frac{2 v}{d} \cdot \frac{C_{l\delta} \, \delta}{-C_{lp}} \tag{107}\]

Equation 108, Bespoke Steady Roll Rate with Equal Derivatives. Taking the ratio of the cant derivative to the roll damping derivative as unity, an approximation the article adopts, leaves a roll rate of twice the speed times the cant over the diameter.

\[p_{ss} \approx \frac{2 v \delta}{d} \tag{108}\]

Equation 109, Bespoke Roll Rate at Half a Degree of Cant. The approximate roll rate at 300 metres per second and half a degree of cant is about 13.8 radians per second.

\[p_{ss} = \frac{2 (300)(0.00873)}{0.38} = 13.8 \, \text{rad/s} \tag{109}\]

Equation 110, Roll Rate Proportional to Speed. The steady roll rate of canted fins grows in proportion to the flight speed.

\[p_{ss} \propto v \tag{110}\]

Equation 111, Pitch Natural Frequency in Terms of Speed and Density. Writing the dynamic pressure out shows the pitch frequency is linear in speed and proportional to the square root of density.

\[\omega_n = \sqrt{\frac{q S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)}{I_y}} = v \sqrt{\frac{\rho S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)}{2 I_y}} \tag{111}\]

Equation 112, Ratio of Roll Rate to Pitch Frequency. Speed cancels from the ratio of roll rate to pitch frequency, which then depends only on the inverse square root of density.

\[\frac{p_{ss}}{\omega_n} \propto \frac{1}{\sqrt{\rho}} \tag{112}\]

Equation 113, Bespoke Critical Density for Roll Resonance. Setting the approximate roll rate equal to the pitch frequency gives the density at which resonance occurs, under the unit derivative ratio the article adopts.

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \delta}{d} \right)^{2} \frac{2 I_y}{S C_{N\alpha} \left( x_{cp} - x_{cg} \right)} \tag{113}\]

Equation 114, Bespoke Critical Density at Half a Degree of Cant. With half a degree of cant and the assumed stability values the critical density exceeds sea level, so the vehicle stays above resonance throughout.

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \times 0.00873}{0.38} \right)^{2} \frac{2 (3000)}{(0.1134)(12)(0.57)} = \left( 0.0459 \right)^{2} (7735) = 16.3 \, \text{kg/m}^{3} \tag{114}\]

Equation 115, Bespoke Critical Density at a Tenth of a Degree of Cant. A tenth of a degree of cant lowers the critical density to about 0.66 kilogrammes per cubic metre, near 6 kilometres inside the sustainer burn.

\[\rho_{\text{crit}} = \left( \frac{2 \times 0.00175}{0.38} \right)^{2} (7735) = \left( 9.21 \times 10^{-3} \right)^{2}(7735) = 0.656 \, \text{kg/m}^{3} \tag{115}\]

Equation 116, Ballistic Coefficient. The ballistic coefficient is the mass divided by the drag coefficient times the reference area. ballistic coefficient

\[\beta = \frac{m}{C_D A} \tag{116}\]

Equation 117, Bespoke Ballistic Coefficient of the Stable Body. The burnout mass on the frontal area at a supersonic drag coefficient of 0.25, which the article assumes, gives about 9200 kilogrammes per square metre.

\[\beta_{\text{stable}} = \frac{261.5}{(0.25)(0.1134)} = 9220 \, \text{kg/m}^{2} \tag{117}\]

Equation 118, Bespoke Ballistic Coefficient of the Tumbling Body. A tumbling body is assigned a mean projected area of 1.5 square metres and a drag coefficient near 1.2, values the article assumes, which gives about 145 kilogrammes per square metre.

\[\beta_{\text{tumble}} = \frac{261.5}{(1.2)(1.5)} = 145 \, \text{kg/m}^{2} \tag{118}\]

Equation 119, Terminal Velocity from the Ballistic Coefficient. A body falling at terminal velocity has drag equal to weight, so its speed scales as the square root of the ballistic coefficient over the density.

\[v_t = \sqrt{\frac{2 \beta g}{\rho}} \tag{119}\]

Equation 120, Bespoke Canopy Area for the Nose Cone. The drag area needed to land a 100 kilogramme nose cone at 8 metres per second with a canopy drag coefficient of 1.4 follows from the terminal velocity relation, all values the article assumes.

\[A_c = \frac{2 m g}{\rho C_D v_t^{2}} = \frac{2 (100)(9.81)}{(1.06)(1.4)(64)} = 20.7 \, \text{m}^{2} \tag{120}\]

Equation 121, Canopy Diameter. The canopy diameter follows from its area as a circle.

\[D_c = \sqrt{\frac{4 A_c}{\pi}} = 5.1 \, \text{m} \tag{121}\]

Equation 122, Parachute Opening Load. The opening load is the dynamic pressure at deployment times the inflated drag area times an opening shock factor. Knacke 1992 Parachute Recovery Systems Design Manual

\[F_{\text{open}} = C_x \, q_d \, C_D A_c \tag{122}\]

Equation 123, Bespoke Steady Drag at Deployment. The steady drag is evaluated for a deployment at 6 kilometres and 100 metres per second, a condition the article assumes, and alone reaches about 97 times gravity on the payload.

\[q_d C_D A_c = \tfrac{1}{2}(0.66)(100)^{2}(1.4)(20.7) = 95.6 \, \text{kN} \tag{123}\]

Equation 124, Shannon and Hartley Channel Capacity. The largest error-free data rate of a channel is its bandwidth times the base-two logarithm of one plus the signal-to-noise ratio. Shannon and Hartley Shannon 1948

\[C = B \log_2 \left( 1 + \frac{S}{N} \right) \tag{124}\]

Equation 125, Friis Transmission Equation. The power received over a free-space path is the transmitted power and the two antenna gains reduced by the square of the wavelength over four pi times the range.

\[P_r = \frac{P_t G_t G_r \lambda^{2}}{\left( 4 \pi R \right)^{2}} \tag{125}\]

Equation 126, Free-Space Path Term at 250 Megahertz. At a wavelength of 1.2 metres and a slant range of 200 kilometres the path term is about $-126.4$ decibels.

\[\left( \frac{\lambda}{4 \pi R} \right)^{2} = \left( \frac{1.2}{4\pi \times 2 \times 10^{5}} \right)^{2} = 2.28 \times 10^{-13} \tag{126}\]

Equation 127, Bespoke Received Power of the Telemetry Link. The link budget adds a two watt transmitter, an omnidirectional vehicle antenna and a 10 decibel ground antenna, values the article assumes, to the path term.

\[P_r = 3 + 0 + 10 - 126.4 = -113.4 \, \text{dBW} \tag{127}\]

Equation 128, Thermal Noise Power. The noise power is Boltzmann’s constant times the system temperature times the bandwidth, about $-148.6$ decibels relative to a watt for 100 kilohertz at 1000 kelvin.

\[N = (1.38 \times 10^{-23})(1000)(10^{5}) = 1.38 \times 10^{-15} \, \text{W} = -148.6 \, \text{dBW} \tag{128}\]

Equation 129, Capacity of the Telemetry Link. A signal-to-noise power ratio of about 3300 in 100 kilohertz gives a capacity of about 1.17 megabits per second.

\[C = (10^{5}) \log_2 (3301) = (10^{5})(11.7) = 1.17 \, \text{Mbit/s} \tag{129}\]

Equation 130, Bespoke Data Rate Used by the USAF-6 Telemetry. Six channels sampled at 100 frames per second at seven bits each, a frame rate and resolution the article assumes, give 4.2 kilobits per second.

\[C_{\text{used}} = (6)(100)(7) = 4.2 \, \text{kbit/s} \tag{130}\]

Equation 131, Bespoke Pixel Count of a 35 Millimetre Frame. A frame resolving 50 line pairs per millimetre, a resolution the article assumes, carries about $8.6 \times 10^{6}$ resolved elements.

\[N_{\text{px}} = (24)(36)(100)^{2} = 8.64 \times 10^{6} \, \text{pixels} \tag{131}\]

Equation 132, Bespoke Time to Transmit One Frame. At six bits of usable density per element the frame would take about 3.4 hours to send over the telemetry actually flown.

\[t = \frac{5.2 \times 10^{7}}{4.2 \times 10^{3}} = 1.24 \times 10^{4} \, \text{s} = 3.4 \, \text{hours} \tag{132}\]

Equation 133, Hoop Stress in a Thin Cylinder. Internal pressure in a thin-walled cylinder produces a circumferential stress of the pressure times the radius over the wall thickness.

\[\sigma_{\theta} = \frac{p r}{t} \tag{133}\]

Equation 134, Axial Compressive Stress in a Thin Cylinder. An axial load spread over the circumference of a thin wall produces a stress of the load over the wall cross-section.

\[\sigma_{x,\text{comp}} = \frac{P}{2 \pi r t} \tag{134}\]

Equation 135, Classical Axial Buckling Stress of a Cylinder. The classical critical stress of a thin cylinder in axial compression is proportional to the modulus and the ratio of thickness to radius. Timoshenko and Gere 1961 Theory of Elastic Stability

\[\sigma_{cr} = \frac{E t}{r \sqrt{3 \left( 1 - \nu^{2} \right)}} \tag{135}\]

Equation 136, Wall Thickness Set by Pressure. Setting the hoop stress equal to the allowable at the 3.1 megapascal ullage pressure gives a wall of about 3 millimetres.

\[t = \frac{p r}{\sigma_a} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.19)}{2 \times 10^{8}} = 2.95 \times 10^{-3} \, \text{m} \tag{136}\]

Equation 137, Classical Buckling Stress of the Tank. The classical buckling stress of the pressure-sized wall is about 660 megapascals, which real shells reach only after a knockdown factor of three to five. Timoshenko and Gere 1961 Theory of Elastic Stability Bruhn 1973 Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures

\[\sigma_{cr} = \frac{(70 \times 10^{9})(2.95 \times 10^{-3})}{(0.19)\sqrt{3(1 - 0.109)}} = \frac{2.07 \times 10^{8}}{0.311} = 6.6 \times 10^{8} \, \text{Pa} \tag{137}\]

Equation 138, Bespoke Axial Load at Maximum Acceleration. The axial load is a forward mass of 300 kilogrammes, which the article assumes, times the peak boost acceleration.

\[P = m_{\text{fwd}} a = (300)(113) = 33.9 \, \text{kN} \tag{138}\]

Equation 139, Axial Compressive Stress in Flight. That load on the tank wall gives a compressive stress of about 10 megapascals.

\[\sigma_{x} = \frac{3.39 \times 10^{4}}{2 \pi (0.19)(2.95 \times 10^{-3})} = 9.6 \times 10^{6} \, \text{Pa} \tag{139}\]

Equation 140, Axial Stress from Internal Pressure. Pressure on the closed ends puts the shell into axial tension at half the hoop stress, about 100 megapascals here.

\[\sigma_{x,\text{press}} = \frac{p r}{2 t} = \frac{(3.1 \times 10^{6})(0.19)}{2 (2.95 \times 10^{-3})} = 1.0 \times 10^{8} \, \text{Pa} \tag{140}\]

Equation 141, Net Axial Stress of the Pressurised Shell. Superposing pressure tension and flight compression leaves a net axial stress of about 90 megapascals in tension.

\[\sigma_{x,\text{net}} = \sigma_{x,\text{press}} - \sigma_{x,\text{comp}} = 100 - 10 = 90 \, \text{MPa} \tag{141}\]

Equation 142, Stagnation Temperature. Bringing the flow to rest adiabatically raises its temperature by a factor that depends on the Mach number and the ratio of specific heats. Anderson 2006 Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics

\[T_0 = T_{\infty} \left( 1 + \frac{\gamma - 1}{2} M^{2} \right) \tag{142}\]

Equation 143, Stagnation Temperature at Mach 4.4. At 227 kelvin and Mach 4.4 the stagnation temperature is about 1108 kelvin.

\[T_0 = 227 \left( 1 + 0.2 (19.4) \right) = 227 (4.88) = 1108 \, \text{K} \tag{143}\]

Equation 144, Turbulent Recovery Temperature at Mach 4.4. With a recovery factor of the cube root of the Prandtl number the surface recovery temperature is about 1010 kelvin. Anderson 2006 Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics

\[T_r = T_{\infty} \left( 1 + r \frac{\gamma-1}{2} M^{2} \right) = 227 \left( 1 + (0.89)(3.88) \right) = 1010 \, \text{K} \tag{144}\]

Equation 145, Thermal Penetration Depth. Heat diffuses into a solid over a depth of order the square root of the thermal diffusivity times the time. Carslaw and Jaeger 1959 Conduction of Heat in Solids

\[\delta = \sqrt{\alpha t} \tag{145}\]

Equation 146, Penetration Depth in Aluminium Over Forty Seconds. Over 40 seconds heat penetrates about 6 centimetres of aluminium, far more than the skin thickness, so the skin acts as a lumped mass.

\[\delta = \sqrt{(9.7 \times 10^{-5})(40)} = 0.062 \, \text{m} \tag{146}\]

Equation 147, Lumped Heat Balance of a Thin Skin. A skin thin enough to have a uniform temperature stores the convective heat it receives from the boundary layer, so its temperature approaches the recovery temperature at a rate proportional to the difference. Incropera and DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer

\[\rho_m c_p t \frac{\mathrm{d}T_w}{\mathrm{d}t} = h \left( T_r - T_w \right) \tag{147}\]

Equation 148, Thermal Time Constant of a Thin Skin. The time constant of the lumped skin is its heat capacity per unit area divided by the convective heat transfer coefficient. Incropera and DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer

\[\tau = \frac{\rho_m c_p t}{h} \tag{148}\]

Equation 149, Bespoke Time Constant of the Aluminium Skin. The time constant is evaluated for a 3 millimetre aluminium wall and a convective coefficient of 200 watts per square metre kelvin, a value the article assumes for the thin high-altitude boundary layer.

\[\tau = \frac{(2800)(900)(2.95 \times 10^{-3})}{200} = 37 \, \text{s} \tag{149}\]

Equation 150, Stefan and Boltzmann Radiated Flux. A grey surface radiates its emissivity times the Stefan-Boltzmann constant times the fourth power of its temperature. Incropera and DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer

\[q_{\text{rad}} = \epsilon \sigma_{SB} T_w^{4} \tag{150}\]

Equation 151, Bespoke Radiated Flux of Oxidised Aluminium. The radiated flux is evaluated at 744 kelvin for an emissivity of 0.3, a value the article assumes for oxidised aluminium.

\[q_{\text{rad}} = (0.3)(5.67 \times 10^{-8})(744)^{4} = 5.2 \times 10^{3} \, \text{W/m}^{2} \tag{151}\]

Equation 152, Radiative Equilibrium Wall Temperature. Balancing convective input against radiated output gives the steady wall temperature the skin would reach if the flight lasted long enough.

\[h \left( T_r - T_w \right) = \epsilon \sigma_{SB} T_w^{4} \quad \Longrightarrow \quad T_w = 943 \, \text{K} \tag{152}\]

Equation 153, Drag Deceleration. The deceleration from drag is the dynamic pressure times the drag area divided by the mass.

\[a_D = \frac{q S C_D}{m} = \frac{\rho v^{2} S C_D}{2 m} \tag{153}\]

Equation 154, Bespoke Condition for Maximum Dynamic Pressure. Differentiating the product of an exponentially falling density and the square of speed for vertical flight gives the condition at which dynamic pressure peaks, a derivation the article makes for this trajectory.

\[\frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \left( \rho v^{2} \right) = 0 \quad \Longrightarrow \quad \frac{2 \dot{v}}{v} = \frac{v}{H} \tag{154}\]

Equation 155, Bespoke Speed at Maximum Dynamic Pressure. Under constant acceleration in vertical flight through an exponential atmosphere the dynamic pressure peaks at the square root of twice the acceleration times the scale height.

\[v_{q_{\max}} = \sqrt{2 a H} \tag{155}\]

Equation 156, Bespoke Speed at Maximum Dynamic Pressure for the Sustainer. An acceleration of 30 metres per second squared, taken as representative of the sustainer phase, gives about 675 metres per second.

\[v_{q_{\max}} = \sqrt{2 (30)(7.6 \times 10^{3})} = 675 \, \text{m/s} \tag{156}\]

Equation 157, Maximum Dynamic Pressure. At a density of about 0.4 kilogrammes per cubic metre that speed gives about 91 kilopascals.

\[q_{\max} = \tfrac{1}{2}(0.4)(675)^{2} = 9.1 \times 10^{4} \, \text{Pa} \tag{157}\]

Equation 158, Bespoke Drag Deceleration at Maximum Dynamic Pressure. The deceleration is evaluated for a supersonic drag coefficient of 0.3 on 400 kilogrammes, values the article assumes.

\[a_D = \frac{(9.1 \times 10^{4})(0.1134)(0.3)}{400} = 7.7 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{158}\]

Equation 159, Bespoke Drag Loss from a Triangular Profile. Approximating the deceleration history by a triangle of 20 seconds base gives a drag loss of order 77 metres per second.

\[\Delta v_{\text{drag}} \approx \tfrac{1}{2}(7.7)(20) \approx 77 \, \text{m/s} \tag{159}\]

Equation 160, Coning Half-Angle of a Torque-Free Body. A torque-free axisymmetric body cones about its fixed angular momentum at a half-angle set by the ratio of transverse to axial angular momentum.

\[\tan \theta_c = \frac{I_y \omega_t}{I_x p} \tag{160}\]

Equation 161, Bespoke Roll Inertia of the Burnout Body. The roll inertia is estimated as that of a uniform solid cylinder of the burnout mass and body radius, a model the article adopts.

\[I_x \approx \frac{m r^{2}}{2} = \frac{(261.5)(0.19)^{2}}{2} = 4.7 \, \text{kg} \cdot \text{m}^{2} \tag{161}\]

Equation 162, Bespoke Coning Angle After Burnout. A residual transverse rate of 0.1 radians per second and a transverse inertia of 1200 kilogramme square metres, values the article assumes, give a cone of about 62 degrees.

\[\theta_c = \arctan \frac{(1200)(0.1)}{(4.7)(13.8)} = 62^{\circ} \tag{162}\]

Equation 163, Aspect Sensor Measurements. Each aspect sensor returns the cosine of the angle between the vehicle axis and a known reference direction.

\[\cos \theta_B = \hat{a} \cdot \hat{b}, \qquad \cos \theta_S = \hat{a} \cdot \hat{s} \tag{163}\]

Equation 164, Vehicle Axis from Two Reference Cones. Two cones about non-parallel reference directions intersect in two unit vectors whose components follow from the two measured cosines and the angle between the references.

\[\hat{a} = \frac{\cos\theta_B - \cos\theta_S \cos\psi}{\sin^{2}\psi} \, \hat{b} + \frac{\cos\theta_S - \cos\theta_B \cos\psi}{\sin^{2}\psi} \, \hat{s} \pm \lambda \left( \hat{b} \times \hat{s} \right) \tag{164}\]

Equation 165, Error Amplification of the Two-Cone Solution. The uncertainty of the combined solution grows as the inverse sine of the angle between the two references, so nearly parallel references degrade it.

\[\Delta \Omega = \frac{\Delta \theta_1 \, \Delta \theta_2}{\left| \sin \psi \right|} \tag{165}\]

Equation 166, Bespoke Booster Impulse Required. The required impulse is approximated as the liftoff mass times the boost increment, which neglects the fall of mass during the burn.

\[I_{\text{req}} = m_0 \, \Delta v_{\text{boost}} = (745)(288) = 2.15 \times 10^{5} \, \text{N} \cdot \text{s} \tag{166}\]

Equation 167, Vieille Burning Rate Law. The burning rate of a solid propellant is a coefficient times the chamber pressure raised to an exponent $n$. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[r = a p_c^{n} \tag{167}\]

Equation 168, Equilibrium Chamber Pressure of a Solid Motor. Balancing gas generation at the burning surface against discharge through the throat gives a chamber pressure raised to the power one over one minus $n$. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[p_c = \left( \frac{\rho_p a A_b c^{*}}{A_t} \right)^{\frac{1}{1-n}} \tag{168}\]

Equation 169, Burn Time and Mass Flow of a Solid Grain. The burn time is the web thickness over the mean burning rate and the mass flow is the propellant density times the burning area times the rate. Sutton and Biblarz 2016 Rocket Propulsion Elements

\[t_b = \frac{w}{\bar{r}}, \qquad \dot{m} = \rho_p A_b r \tag{169}\]

Equation 170, Bespoke Web Thickness of the Booster. A burning rate near 10 millimetres per second, which the article assumes, over the 2.5 second burn gives a 25 millimetre web.

\[w = \bar{r} \, t_b = (0.010)(2.5) = 25 \, \text{mm} \tag{170}\]

Equation 171, Burning Area of the Booster. The booster mass flow divided by the propellant density and burning rate gives a burning area of about 2.2 square metres.

\[A_b = \frac{\dot{m}}{\rho_p r} = \frac{38.8}{(1750)(0.010)} = 2.22 \, \text{m}^{2} \tag{171}\]

Equation 172, Separation Acceleration of Booster and Sustainer. The relative acceleration is the sustainer thrust per unit mass less the difference between the drag decelerations of the two bodies.

\[\Delta a = \frac{F_s}{m_s} - \left( \frac{q S_b C_{D,b}}{m_b} - \frac{q S_s C_{D,s}}{m_s} \right) \tag{172}\]

Equation 173, Separation Distance in the First Second. The thrust term alone separates the two bodies by about 12 metres in the first second.

\[\Delta x = \tfrac{1}{2} \Delta a \, t^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2}(23.3)(1)^{2} = 11.7 \, \text{m} \tag{173}\]

Equation 174, Probability of Five Consecutive Failures. For independent flights with recovery probability $p_r$ the chance of five failures in a row is one minus $p_r$ raised to the fifth power.

\[P = \left( 1 - p_r \right)^{5} \tag{174}\]

Equation 175, Five Failures at Even-Money Recovery. At a recovery probability of one half the chance of five consecutive failures is about three percent.

\[P = (0.5)^{5} = 0.031 \tag{175}\]

Equation 176, Upper Confidence Bound on Recovery Probability. With no successes in five trials the one-sided 95 percent upper bound on the recovery probability is about 0.45.

\[p_r \le 1 - (0.05)^{1/5} = 0.45 \tag{176}\]

Equation 177, Fractional Sensitivity of Drag Loss to Drag Coefficient. Because the drag loss is proportional to the drag coefficient at a fixed trajectory, a fractional error in one is the same fractional error in the other.

\[\frac{\partial \left( \Delta v_{\text{drag}} \right)}{\Delta v_{\text{drag}}} = \frac{\partial C_D}{C_D} \tag{177}\]

Equation 178, Drag Loss as a Fraction of Burnout Speed. The estimated drag loss of 77 metres per second is about 5.7 percent of the reported burnout speed.

\[\frac{\Delta v_{\text{drag}}}{v_b} = \frac{77}{1347} = 5.7 \, \text{percent} \tag{178}\]

Equation 179, Vertical Trajectory Equations. The speed changes under thrust, gravity and drag over the instantaneous mass, and the altitude changes at the speed.

\[\frac{\mathrm{d}v}{\mathrm{d}t} = \frac{F(t)}{m(t)} - g - \frac{\rho(h) v^{2} S C_D(M)}{2 m(t)}, \qquad \frac{\mathrm{d}h}{\mathrm{d}t} = v \tag{179}\]

Equation 180, Global Error of a Forward Euler Integration. The global error of the forward Euler method is of first order in the step, bounded by half the largest second derivative times the interval times the step.

\[\epsilon_{\text{global}} \approx \tfrac{1}{2} \left| \ddot{v} \right|_{\max} T \Delta t \tag{180}\]

Equation 181, Bespoke Euler Error for a One-Second Step. The bound is evaluated with a second derivative of about 2.4 metres per second cubed that the article estimates from the change of acceleration over the burn.

\[\epsilon \approx \tfrac{1}{2}(2.4)(42.5)(1) = 51 \, \text{m/s} \tag{181}\]

Equation 182, Snell Invariant for an Acoustic Ray. A ray in an atmosphere stratified in sound speed keeps the cosine of its elevation over the local sound speed constant. Cox 1948

\[\frac{\cos \theta(z)}{c_s(z)} = \frac{\cos \theta_0}{c_s(0)} \tag{182}\]

Equation 183, Turning Altitude of an Acoustic Ray. The ray turns back at the altitude where the sound speed equals the ground sound speed over the cosine of the launch elevation. Cox 1948

\[c_s(z_t) = \frac{c_s(0)}{\cos \theta_0} \tag{183}\]

Equation 184, Rayleigh Scattering Cross-Section. The scattering cross-section of a molecule varies as the inverse fourth power of wavelength and depends on the refractive index of the gas and its number density at standard conditions.

\[\sigma_R = \frac{24 \pi^{3}}{N_0^{2} \lambda^{4}} \left( \frac{n_r^{2}-1}{n_r^{2}+2} \right)^{2} \tag{184}\]

Equation 185, Searchlight Return from a Range. The scattered signal from a range is proportional to the local number density and falls as the inverse square of the range, so density follows from the signal times the square of the range.

\[S(z) = \frac{C \, n(z) \, \sigma_R}{z^{2}} \quad \Longrightarrow \quad n(z) \propto S(z) \, z^{2} \tag{185}\]

Equation 186, Speed of Sound in an Ideal Gas. The speed of sound is the square root of the ratio of specific heats times the universal gas constant times the temperature over the molar mass. Nordberg and Smith 1964

\[c_s = \sqrt{\frac{\gamma R_u T}{M}} \tag{186}\]

Equation 187, Temperature from a Measured Sound Speed. Inverting the sound speed relation gives the temperature from a measured sound speed. Nordberg and Smith 1964

\[T = \frac{c_s^{2} M}{\gamma R_u} \tag{187}\]

Equation 188, Density from a Falling Sphere. Inverting the drag relation for a tracked sphere of known drag coefficient gives the local density.

\[\rho = \frac{2 m a_D}{C_D A v^{2}} \tag{188}\]

Equation 189, Local Absorber Density from the Optical Depth Profile. Differentiating the measured optical depth with respect to altitude and dividing by the cross-section gives the local number density.

\[n(z) = -\frac{1}{\sigma} \frac{\mathrm{d}\tau}{\mathrm{d}z} \tag{189}\]

Equation 190, Slant Path Optical Depth. For a solar zenith angle below about seventy degrees the slant optical depth is the vertical value times the secant of that angle. Chapman 1931b

\[\tau_{\text{slant}} = \tau_{\text{vert}} \sec \chi \tag{190}\]

Equation 191, Rise of the Transparency Altitude at Sixty Degrees. A slant factor of two raises the unit optical depth altitude by the scale height times the natural logarithm of two, about 5.3 kilometres.

\[\Delta z = H \ln 2 = (7.6)(0.693) = 5.3 \, \text{km} \tag{191}\]

Equation 192, Poisson Significance of a Source Excess. Source counts over a Poisson background give a significance that grows as the square root of the exposure time.

\[\frac{S}{N} = \frac{R_s t}{\sqrt{\left( R_s + R_b \right) t}} = \frac{R_s \sqrt{t}}{\sqrt{R_s + R_b}} \tag{192}\]

Equation 193, Exposure Time for a Detection. The exposure needed for a detection at $k$ standard deviations is $k^{2}$ times the total count rate over the square of the source rate.

\[t_{\min} = \frac{k^{2} \left( R_s + R_b \right)}{R_s^{2}} \tag{193}\]

Equation 194, Exposure for a Five-Sigma Detection. A source of one count per second against a background of five reaches five standard deviations in 150 seconds.

\[t_{\min} = \frac{25 (1 + 5)}{1^{2}} = 150 \, \text{s} \tag{194}\]

Equation 195, Electron Plasma Frequency. The plasma frequency depends only on the electron number density, about 8.98 times its square root in hertz.

\[f_p = \frac{1}{2\pi} \sqrt{\frac{N e^{2}}{\epsilon_0 m_e}} \approx 8.98 \sqrt{N} \, \text{Hz} \tag{195}\]

Equation 196, Refractive Index of a Cold Plasma. A radio wave above the plasma frequency propagates with a refractive index below one that depends on the electron density and the wave frequency.

\[n = \sqrt{1 - \frac{f_p^{2}}{f^{2}}} = \sqrt{1 - \frac{N e^{2}}{4 \pi^{2} \epsilon_0 m_e f^{2}}} \tag{196}\]

Equation 197, Dispersive Doppler Difference of Two Frequencies. Differencing the Doppler shifts of two harmonically related frequencies removes the common vehicle motion and leaves a term proportional to the rate of change of the electron content along the path. Seddon 1953

\[\Delta f_D \propto \frac{1}{f_1} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \int N \, \mathrm{d}s - \frac{1}{f_2} \frac{\mathrm{d}}{\mathrm{d}t} \int N \, \mathrm{d}s \tag{197}\]

Equation 198, Molecular Diffusion Coefficient. The molecular diffusion coefficient varies inversely with number density.

\[D(z) = D_0 \frac{n_0}{n(z)} \tag{198}\]

Equation 199, Turbopause Density. Equating the molecular diffusion coefficient to the eddy diffusivity gives the density at which the atmosphere stops being well mixed.

\[n_{\text{turbopause}} = \frac{D_0 n_0}{K} \tag{199}\]

Equation 200, Bespoke Turbopause Density Estimate. The criterion is evaluated with a sea-level molecular diffusivity of $2 \times 10^{-5}$ and an eddy diffusivity of 100 square metres per second, values the article assumes.

\[n_{\text{turbopause}} = \frac{(2 \times 10^{-5})(2.5 \times 10^{25})}{100} = 5 \times 10^{18} \, \text{m}^{-3} \tag{200}\]

Notation

• $\tau$, the optical depth in Equations 1 to 11 and 189 and 190, the thermal time constant of the skin in Equations 148 and 149 and, as $\tau_{\text{div}}$, the divergence time constant
• $\sigma$, the absorption cross-section in Equations 2 to 11 and 189, the standard deviation of the scatter in Equations 23 and 25 and of the impact dispersion in Equations 102 to 105, and with a subscript a stress
• $n$, the number density of absorbers or molecules, except in Equations 23 to 25, where it is a sample size, in Equations 90 and 93, where it is the number of fins, in Equations 167 and 168, where it is the burning-rate exponent, and in Equation 196, where it is the refractive index
• $H$, the scale height of the atmosphere
• $n^{*}$, the number density at which the overhead column reaches unit optical depth
• $z^{*}$, the altitude at which the overhead column reaches unit optical depth
• $n_0$, the sea-level number density
• $h_a$, the apogee altitude
• $h_t$, the threshold altitude above which an instrument works
• $h_b$, the burnout altitude
• $v_b$, the burnout speed
• $t_{\text{obs}}$, the time spent above the threshold altitude
• $c$, the effective exhaust velocity of the rocket
• $R$, the mass ratio in Equations 17, 18 and 68, the radio range in Equation 125 and a radius on the ground in Equations 103 to 105
• $\gamma$, the ratio of specific heats, 1.22 for the sustainer exhaust and 1.4 for air, except in Equation 63, where it is the angle between the velocity and the vertical
• $R_u$, the universal gas constant
• $T_c$, the combustion temperature in the chamber
• $p_c$, the chamber pressure
• $p_e$, the nozzle exit pressure
• $A_e$, the nozzle exit area
• $A_t$, the nozzle throat area
• $\varepsilon$, the nozzle expansion ratio, the exit area over the throat area
• $C_F$, the thrust coefficient
• $c^{*}$, the characteristic velocity
• $\Gamma$, the choked-flow factor, a function of the ratio of specific heats alone
• $I_{sp}$, the specific impulse
• $g_0$, standard gravity, 9.81 metres per second squared
• $h_g$, the gas-side heat transfer coefficient at the throat
• $\sigma_a$, the allowable stress of the tank material
• $C_{N\alpha}$, the normal force curve slope per radian
• $x_{cp} - x_{cg}$, the static margin, the distance of the centre of pressure behind the centre of gravity
• $I_y$, the pitch moment of inertia
• $M_{\alpha}$, the aerodynamic restoring stiffness in pitch
• $\omega_n$, the undamped natural frequency of the pitch motion
• $\zeta$, the damping ratio of the pitch motion
• $M_q$, the pitch damping coefficient of the article’s model
• $K_{fb}$, the fin and body interference factor
• $\epsilon$, the thrust misalignment angle in Equation 97, the emissivity in Equations 150 to 152 and the integration error in Equations 180 and 181
• $p_{ss}$, the steady roll rate produced by fin cant
• $\delta$, the fin cant angle in Equations 108 to 115 and the thermal penetration depth in Equations 145 and 146
• $\rho_{\text{crit}}$, the density at which the roll rate equals the pitch natural frequency
• $\beta$, the ballistic coefficient
• $C_D$, the drag coefficient
• $C_x$, the parachute opening shock factor
• $B$, the bandwidth of the telemetry channel
• $T_r$, the recovery temperature reached by the surface under the boundary layer
• $r$, the turbulent recovery factor, about the cube root of the Prandtl number, and in Equations 167 to 171 the burning rate of the solid propellant
• $h$, the convective heat transfer coefficient between the boundary layer and the skin
• $\sigma_{SB}$, the Stefan-Boltzmann constant
• $\theta_c$, the half-angle of the coning motion
• $p_r$, the probability that a single flight recovers its payload
• $c_s$, the speed of sound
• $\chi$, the solar zenith angle
• $R_s$, the source count rate
• $R_b$, the background count rate
• $f_p$, the electron plasma frequency
• $K$, the eddy diffusivity

References

Primary Sources, Peer-Reviewed

• “1142. a CS2 Lyman-Alpha Photon Counter.” 1968. Vacuum 18 (8): 495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(68)90480-6
• “1162. Design of Altitude Simulators for Rocket Engine Starting in High Vacuum.” 1968. Vacuum 18 (8): 496. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(68)90502-2
• “133. Air Density in the Upper Atmosphere from Satellite Orbit Observations.” 1960. Vacuum 10 (3): 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(60)90302-x
• “1535234 N91-19661/8/XAB Cells in Space: Sounding Rocket Facilities for Cell Biology and Biotechnology in Microgravity.” 1991. Biotechnology Advances 9 (3): 553. https://doi.org/10.1016/0734-9750(91)91340-7
• “2.10. First Sounding Rocket Campaigns in ESA’S Microgravity Programme.” 1982. COSPAR Information Bulletin 1982 (94): 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-8732(82)90020-1
• “3.13. Sounding Rocket Experiments Support Solar System Theory.” 1983. COSPAR Information Bulletin 1983 (98): 56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-8732(83)90043-8
• “3.14. Microgravity Research Continues through Sounding Rocket Experiments.” 1987. COSPAR Information Bulletin 1987 (109): 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-8732(87)90248-8
• “59. Comparison of High-Altitude Rocket and Satellite Density Measurements.” 1960a. Vacuum 10 (3): 276. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(60)90213-x
• “609. Investigation of Separation of Rocket Stages in an Evacuated Test Chamber.” 1968. Vacuum 18 (4): 249. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(68)91341-9
• “863. Problems of the Upper Atmosphere.” 1963. Vacuum 13 (8): 331. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(63)91166-7
• “953. Dynamics of the Upper Atmosphere.” 1964. Vacuum 14 (9): 381. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(64)90290-8
• “99/02715 Non-Linear Throttling Analysis of Thrust and Mixture Ratio for a Liquid Oxygen/kerosine Rocket Engine.” 1999. Fuel and Energy Abstracts 40 (4): 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6701(99)98484-9
• Abbe, C. J., C. W. McLAUGHLIN, and R. R. Weiss. 1968. “Influence of Storable Propellant Liquid Rocket Design Parameters on Combustion Instability.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (5): 584–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29308
• Abbott, W. N. 1964. “Possible Correlations between Sporadic-E and Low-Altitude Airglow Emission of 5577 Å in the Median Latitudes.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 26 (7): 776–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(64)90164-3
• Abdol-Hamid, K. S., Alaa Elmiligui, and Craig A. Hunter. 2006. “Numerical Investigation of Flow in an Overexpanded Nozzle with Porous Surfaces.” Journal of Aircraft 43 (4): 1217–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.18835
• Abe, Y., K. N. Erickson, and J. R. Winckler. 1988. “ELF Electric Turbulence near an Electron Beam-Emitting Rocket in the Auroral Ionosphere: Echo 6.” Planetary and Space Science 36 (3): 235–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(88)90132-8
• Accardo, C. A., L. G. Smith, and G. A. Pintal. 1972. “Rocket Observations of Solar X-Rays during the Eclipse of 7 March 1970.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 34 (4): 613–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(72)90148-1
• Ackerman, M., and P. Simon. 1973. “Rocket Measurement of Solar Fluxes at 1216 �, 1450 � and 1710 �.” Solar Physics 30 (2): 345–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00152666
• Adams, Richard H. 1967. “Wind-Tunnel Simulation of Rocket Vehicles in Flight with Two-Phase-Flow Rocket Plumes.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (4): 518–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28897
• Adams, Roy N. 1968. “Rocket Vehicle Surface Reflectance Measurement during Retro-Rocket Firing.” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 17 (1): 73–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.1968.4313666
• Adimurthy, V., Pradeep Kumar, and S. Lakshminarayanan. 1988. “Spin Rate Variations of Spin-Stabilized Apogee Motors in Thrust Phase.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 11 (4): 382–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20325
• Adler, Eytan J., and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. 2025. “Liquid Hydrogen Tank Boil-off Model for Design and Optimization.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 39 (3): 505–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t7005
• Africano, Alfred. 1935. “The Velocity-Ratio Efficiency: A Mathematical Discussion of One Phase of the Rocket Efficiency.” Astronautics 5 (32): 10–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10140
• Agarwal, Ramesh, and John V. Rakich. 1982. “Supersonic Laminar Viscous Flow past a Cone at Angle of Attack in Spinning and Coning Motion.” AIAA Journal 20 (6): 761–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.51132
• Aghababaie, A. A., and R. Theunissen. 2015. “Modeling Free Shock Separation Induced Side Loads in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” AIAA Journal 53 (1): 93–103. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j053014
• Ahmed, M. 1968. “A Temperature Profile of the Auroral Zone Daytime Atmosphere from Rocket Spectral Data.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 30 (6): 1183–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9169(68)90721-6
• Airoldi, Alessandro, Matteo Boiocchi, Maurizio Natali, et al. 2022. “Feasibility of a Morphing Rocket Nozzle for Thrust Vector Control Based on Corrugated Composite Laminates.” Applied Composite Materials 30 (2): 399–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-022-10082-9
• Ajello, J. M., A. I. Stewart, G. E. Thomas, and A. Graps. 1987. “Solar Cycle Study of Interplanetary Lyman-Alpha Variations: Pioneer Venus Orbiter Sky Background Results.” Astrophysical Journal 317: 964. https://doi.org/10.1086/165345
• Ak, M. A., A. Ulas, B. Sümer, et al. 2011. “An Experimental Study on the Hypergolic Ignition of Hydrogen Peroxide and Ethanolamine.” Fuel 90 (1): 395–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2010.07.048
• Akishita, Sadao, Ryujiro Kurosaki, Kanzo Okada, and Tomoji Hirata. 1986. “Theoretical Prediction of Roll Moment on Wing-Controlled Missile.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (11): 808–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45385
• Al Ghafri, Saif Z. S., Adam Swanger, Vincent Jusko, et al. 2022. “Modelling of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-Off.” Energies 15 (3): 1149. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15031149
• Alam, Mohammad Irfan, and Rajkumar S. Pant. 2019. “Estimation of Volumetric Drag Coefficient of Two-Dimensional Body of Revolution.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 2080–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034887
• Albi, Riccardo, and Riccardo E. Zich. 2013. “Wrap-around Antenna for Rocket Telemetry.” In 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2013.6711657
• Albus, Jochen, Stefan Dieker, Huba Őry, and Andreas Rittweger. 2008. “Parametric Instability of Pressurized Propellant Tanks.” Acta Astronautica 62 (2–3): 212–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.12.055
• Albyn, Keith C. 2007. “Outgassing Measurements Combined with Vacuum Ultraviolet Illumination of the Deposited Materials.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 44 (1): 102–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.22375
• Alexandrov, V. A., A. S. Loevsky, G. A. Popov, Y. A. Romanovsky, and A. G. Sobol. 1981. “Structure of Plasma Blobs Injected into the Ionosphere from a Rocket.” Advances in Space Research 1 (2): 147–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90283-0
• Alfano, Angelo J., Jeffrey D. Mills, and Ghanshyam L. Vaghjiani. 2006. “Highly Accurate Ignition Delay Apparatus for Hypergolic Fuel Research.” Review of Scientific Instruments 77 (4): 045109. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2188909
• Allegre, J., M. Raffin, and J. C. Lengrand. 1986. “Experimental Study of the Plume Impingement Problem Associated with Rocket Stage Separation.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 23 (4): 368–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25814
• Allen, M. S. 1978. “Tin in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 219: 307. https://doi.org/10.1086/155779
• “The Altitude Distribution of Electron Concentration from Experiments with Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites, and Its Influence on the Propagation of Radio Waves.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90053-8
• “Altitude Rocket Explodes.” 1931. Bulletin of the American Interplanetary Society 1 (7): 8–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.9967
• Altman, David, and Jack Lorell. 1952. “Effect of Local Variations in Mixture Ratio on Rocket Performance.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (5): 252–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4486
• Altseimer, John H. 1952. “Photographic Techniques Applied to Combustion Studies-Two-Dimensional Transparent Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (2): 86–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4432
• Alves Noronha, Bruno Henrique, Andre Vinicius Santos Silva, Renato Alves Borges, and Simone Battistini. 2015. “System Identification of a Square Parachute and Payload for the LAICAnSat.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119034
• Anafi, Sheriffdeen O., and Naef A. A. Qasem. 2025. “Performance Enhancement of an Annular Expansion-Deflection Nozzle to Enhance Rocket Thrust.” Transportation Research Procedia 84: 665–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2025.03.122
• “Analysis of the Results of Simultaneous Measurements of the Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere by Means of Ionospheric Soundings and Rockets.” 1963. Planetary and Space Science 11 (2): 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90152-1
• Anderson, A., D. Bittle, R. Dean, G. Flowers, J. Hester, and A. Hodel. 2007. “Investigation of Mal-Launch Correction in Spin-Stabilized Rockets.” In Proceedings 2007 IEEE SoutheastCon. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/secon.2007.342900
• Anderson, R. C., and R. M. Fike. 1969. “Measurements of the Pressure and Thermal Environment in an Aerobee 150 Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (2): 214–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29572
• Anderson, R. C., R. C. Henry, W. H. Brune, P. D. Feldman, and W. G. Fastie. 1979. “Far-Ultraviolet Studies. V: Rocket Observation of the Diffuse Cosmic Background.” Astrophysical Journal 234: 415. https://doi.org/10.1086/157510
• Anderson, John R., Anthony T. Wong, Daniel Fugett, and William Hoey. 2020. “Modeling Radiation Influence on Spacecraft Materials Outgassing.” In 2020 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero47225.2020.9172521
• Ando, Yoshiaki, and Hitoshi Ito. 2017. “A Consideration on Appropriate Parameters for Identifying Electron Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere by Using VLF Wave Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide.” Electronics and Communications in Japan 100 (8): 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecj.11968
• Anfal, S., Ritesh Dubey, and Srinibas Karmakar. 2026. “Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of Boron-Enriched Hypergolic Solid Fuels with High-Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide.” Combustion Science and Technology: 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2026.2737735
• Ankalkhope, Suhas, and Sandeep Jose. 2022. “Non-Destructive Prediction of Buckling Load of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Using Least Resistance Path to Probing.” Thin-Walled Structures 170: 108497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108497
• “Another High Altitude Rocket.” 1952. Journal of the Franklin Institute 253 (5): 531. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(52)90742-4
• “Apparatus for Investigating the Nuclear Component of Cosmic Rays in Cosmic Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites.” 1962. Planetary and Space Science 9 (6): 349. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90034-x
• “Apparatus for Rocket Measurements of the Free-Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 8 (2): 117. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90166-0
• Appel, Pontus. 2005. “Attitude Estimation from Magnetometer and Earth-Albedo-Corrected Coarse Sun Sensor Measurements.” Acta Astronautica 56 (1–2): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2004.09.001
• Appel, K. R., K. I. Matveev, and J. W. Leachman. 2025. “Modeling the Effects of Liquid Hydrogen Tank Operations on Boil-off Losses.” Cryogenics 150: 104161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104161
• Appleton, Sir V. 1959. “The Normal E Region of the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 47 (2): 155–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1959.287260
• Apte, Sourabh, and Vigor Yang. 2000. “Turbulent Flame Dynamics of Homogeneous Solid Propellant in a Rocket Motor.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28 (1): 903–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80296-9
• Apte, Sourabh, and Vigor Yang. 2002. “Unsteady Flow Evolution and Combustion Dynamics of Homogeneous Solid Propellant in a Rocket Motor.” Combustion and Flame 131 (1–2): 110–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(02)00397-8
• Arens, M. 1963. “Flow Separation in Overexpanded Contoured Nozzles.” AIAA Journal 1 (8): 1945–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1971
• Arkhipov, P. A., M. P. Bulat, P. V. Bulat, M. V. Chernyshov, and M. E. Renev. 2026. “Design and Optimization of Injector Heads for Combustion Chamber of Small-Scale Liquid-Fuel Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 238: 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.10.012
• Armbruster, Wolfgang, Justin S. Hardi, and Michael Oschwald. 2021. “Flame-Acoustic Response Measurements in a High-Pressure, 42-Injector, Cryogenic Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38 (4): 5963–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.05.020
• Arnoldy, R. L., L. J. Cahill Jr., P. M. Kintner, T. E. Moore, and C. J. Pollock. 1992. “Plasma Effects of Active Ion Beam Injections in the Ionosphere at Rocket Altitudes.” Advances in Space Research 12 (12): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90343-v
• Arnoult, Guillaume, Mickael Zeidler, and Eric Garnier. 2020. “Control Surface Geometry Surrogate-Based Optimization for Spin-Stabilized Projectile Course Correction.” AIAA Journal 58 (2): 550–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j058323
• “The Artificial Comet as a Method of Optical Observation of Space Rockets.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 253. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90205-7
• As’ad, Faisal, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, Marcus Lobbia, and Navid Ataei. 2025. “Sensitivity Analysis and Validation of a Computational Framework for Supersonic Parachute Inflation Dynamics.” AIAA Journal 63 (5): 1743–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j064791
• Ashihara, Y., K. Ishisaka, C. Sugiura, et al. 2004. “Measurement of Characteristics of MF Radio Wave Propagation in the Ionosphere by the S-310-33 Rocket Experiment.” In 2004 Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference, 2004. Proceedings.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aprasc.2004.1422562
• Athay, R. Grant. 1958. “The Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum of He II.” Astrophysical Journal 128: 447. https://doi.org/10.1086/146562
• Athay, R. Grant. 1967. “Reply: On the Relative Abundances in the Solar Corona as Determined from the Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 150: 365. https://doi.org/10.1086/149340
• Athay, R. G. 1986. “Radiation Loss Rates in Lyman-Alpha for Solar Conditions.” Astrophysical Journal 308: 975. https://doi.org/10.1086/164565
• “Auroral Observation in India and Pakistan.” 1962. Solar Energy 6 (4): 171. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(62)90155-x
• “Australia’s Experimental Rocket Range.” 1948. Royal United Services Institution. Journal 93 (569): 12–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071844809419137
• Avery, S. K. 1990. “The Meteor Radar as a Tool for Upper Atmosphere Research.” Advances in Space Research 10 (10): 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90031-t
• Aykenar, Mehmet Burak, Ihsan Caner Boz, Gokhan Soysal, and Murat Efe. 2020. “A Multiple Model Approach for Estimating Roll Rate of a Very Fast Spinning Artillery Rocket.” In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion45008.2020.9190497
• Ayres, T. R. 2021. “In the Trenches of the Solar–Stellar Connection. II. Extreme Ultraviolet Flux–Flux Correlations across Solar Cycle 24.” Astrophysical Journal 908 (2): 205. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/abd095
• “B-34. U. S. Standard Atmosphere, 1962.” 1963. Icarus 2: 358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(63)90063-0
• Baars, W. J., and C. E. Tinney. 2013. “Transient Wall Pressures in an Overexpanded and Large Area Ratio Nozzle.” Experiments in Fluids 54 (2): 1468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1468-8
• Babcock, Harold D., Charlotte E. Moore, and Mary F. Coffeen. 1948. “THE ULTRAVIOLET SOLAR SPECTRUM, λλ 2935-3060.” Astrophysical Journal 107: 287. https://doi.org/10.1086/145013
• Back, L. H., P. F. Massier, and H. L. Gier. 1964. “Convective Heat Transfer in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 7 (5): 549–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0017-9310(64)90052-3
• Baek, Seungwhan, Isang Yu, Kwangkun Park, Youngsuk Jung, and Kiejoo Cho. 2022. “Effect of Gas–liquid Surface Disturbance during Cryogenic Liquid Pressurization with Helium.” Cryogenics 128: 103601. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2022.103601
• Bai, Xiao, Peng Cheng, Qinglian Li, Liyong Sheng, and Zhongtao Kang. 2020. “Effects of Self-Pulsation on Combustion Instability in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 114: 110038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2019.110038
• Bai, Mo, and J. N. Chung. 2012. “Enhanced Cooling of a Liquid-Fueled Rocket Thrust Chamber by Metal Foams.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 28 (2): 434–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b34422
• Baier, Michael J., P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, and Steven F. Son. 2019. “Characterization of the Hypergolic Ignition Delay of Ammonia Borane.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 35 (1): 182–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37075
• Bailey, G. J., and R. J. Moffett. 1972. “The Influence of Vertical Motions on the Diurnal Variations of Temperature and Density in the Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 20 (7): 1085–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(72)90218-8
• Bain, W. C. 1985. “Electron Density Models for the Lower Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 5 (10): 91–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90187-5
• Baiserikov, Berdiyar, Marat Ismailov, Laura Mustafa, et al. 2025. “Design and Manufacturing of Experimental Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Cases Made of Carbon Composite Materials.” Polymers 17 (10): 1352. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17101352
• Baker, William B. 1978. “Aerodynamic Coefficient Prediction Technique for Finned Missiles at High Incidence.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 15 (6): 328–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57323
• Baker, K. D., L. C. Howlett, N. B. Rao, J. C. Ulwick, and J. Labelle. 1985. “Absolute Electron Density Measurements in the Equatorial Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860034342
• Bakirci, Murat. 2021. “Design and Aerodynamic Analysis of a Rocket Nose Cone with Specific Fineness Ratio.” In 2021 IEEE 6th International Conference on Actual Problems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Development (APUAVD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/apuavd53804.2021.9615407
• Bakirci, Murat, and Muhammed Mirac Ozer. 2022. “Electrical Architecture of the Recovery System of a High Powered Rocket with Payload.” In 2022 International Congress on Human-Computer Interaction, Optimization and Robotic Applications (HORA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/hora55278.2022.9800024
• Balakin, S. V. 2015. “Errors of Level Sensors of a Fueling Level Control System of an Upper-Stage Rocket.” Measurement Techniques 58 (9): 975–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11018-015-0828-6
• Balasubramanian, R., K. Anandhanarayanan, R. Krishnamurthy, and D. Chakraborty. 2012. “Numerical Simulation of Stage Jettisoning of a Two-Stage Rocket with Different Separation Distances.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 93 (4): 345–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0036-y
• Balwanz, W. n.d. “The Plasmas of Rocket Flight.” In IRE International Convention Record, vol. 9. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1109/irecon.1961.1151013
• Balwanz, W. W. 1965. “Ionization in Rocket Exhausts.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 10 (1): 685–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(65)80213-2
• Banerjee, A. K., and J. M. Coppey. 1975. “Post-Ejection Impacts of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Nosecap.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 12 (10): 632–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27862
• Bansal, Lakshay, Prakhar Jindal, and Vineet Kumar Rathi. 2025. “A Critical Review of Limitations and Challenges in Advancement of HNF as a Green Oxidizer for Composite Solid Propellant Formulations.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 50 (7): 11–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.12072
• Barato, Francesco. 2021. “Challenges of Ablatively Cooled Hybrid Rockets for Satellites or Upper Stages.” Aerospace 8 (7): 190. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8070190
• Barato, Francesco, Elena Toson, and Daniele Pavarin. 2021. “Variations and Control of Thrust and Mixture Ratio in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology 4 (1): 55–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-021-00076-3
• Bareiss, L. E. 1979. “Contamination Design Analysis Approach for Spacelab.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 16 (6): 394–401. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57679
• Barker, Connor R., Eloise A. Marais, and Jonathan C. McDowell. 2024. “Global 3D Rocket Launch and Re-Entry Air Pollutant and CO2 Emissions at the Onset of the Megaconstellation Era.” Scientific Data 11 (1): 1079. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03910-z
• Barsi, S., and M. Kassemi. 2008a. “Numerical and Experimental Comparisons of the Self-Pressurization Behavior of an LH2 Tank in Normal Gravity.” Cryogenics 48 (3–4): 122–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2008.01.003
• Barth, Charles A. 1966b. “Rocket Measurement of Nitric Oxide in the Upper Atmosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 14 (7): 623–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(66)90046-8
• Barthelemy, Jean-Frangois M., Kwan J. Chang, and James L. Rogers. 1988. “Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Bolted Field Joint Shape Optimization.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 25 (2): 117–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25959
• Bartman, F. L., L. W. Chaney, L. M. Jones, and V. C. Liu. 1956. “Upper-Air Density and Temperature by the Falling-Sphere Method.” Journal of Applied Physics 27 (7): 706–12. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1722470
• Bartoe, J.-D. F., G. E. Brueckner, G. D. Sandlin, M. E. Vanhooster, and C. Jordan. 1978. “CO Fluorescence in the Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 223: L51. https://doi.org/10.1086/182726
• Bashkin, V. A., I. V. Egorov, and V. V. Pafnut’ev. 2005. “Aerodynamic Heating of a Thin Sharp-Nose Circular Cone in Supersonic Flow.” High Temperature 43 (5): 733–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10740-005-0118-0
• Basil, Noorulden, Hamzah M. Marhoon, and Ahmed R. Ibrahim. 2023. “A New Thrust Vector-Controlled Rocket Based on JOA Using MCDA.” Measurement: Sensors 26: 100672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measen.2023.100672
• Basri, G. S., J. L. Linsky, J.-D. F. Bartoe, G. Brueckner, and M. E. van Hoosier. 1979. “Lyman-Alpha Rocket Spectra and Models of the Quiet and Active Solar Chromosphere Based on Partial Redistribution Diagnostics.” Astrophysical Journal 230: 924. https://doi.org/10.1086/157151
• Bates, D. R. 1963. “Electron Density Profiles in the Ionosphere and Exosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (2): 219. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90163-6
• Bates, D. R. 1965. “Electron Density Distribution in Ionosphere and Exosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 13 (2): 173. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(65)90188-1
• Batterman, S. C. 1965. “Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 3 (2): 316–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2848
• Batterman, Steven C. 1966. “Axisymmetric Buckling of a Compressed Cylindrical Shell and an Integral Relation.” AIAA Journal 4 (1): 186–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3418
• Bazarov, Vladimir G., and Vigor Yang. 1998. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Injector Dynamics.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 14 (5): 797–806. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5343
• Bęben, Karol Piotr, Tomasz Noga, Dawid Cieśliński, Dawid Kulpa, and Marcin Ryszard Spiralski. 2023. “UAV Atmosphere Sounding for Rocket Launch Support.” Sensors 23 (24): 9639. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23249639
• Beddini, Robert A. 1980. “Aerothermochemical Analysis of Erosive Burning in a Laboratory Solid-Rocket Motor.” AIAA Journal 18 (11): 1346–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50890
• Behring, W. E., H. McAllister, and W. A. Rense. 1958. “Ultraviolet Emission Lines in the Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 127: 676. https://doi.org/10.1086/146499
• Behring, W. E., R. J. Ugiansky, and U. Feldman. 1973. “High Resolution Rocket EUV Solar Spectrograph.” Applied Optics 12. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730040257
• Beighley, C. M., and T. E. Cheatham. 1953. “Reduction of Rocket Motor Performance Data by Means of IBM Computing Machines.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (3): 150–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4573
• Bekka, N., M. Sellam, and A. Chpoun. 2015. “Aeroelastic Stability Analysis of Flexible Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” Shock Waves 26 (4): 513–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-015-0575-2
• Bekker, Susanna. 2025. “Assessment of Vertical Redistribution of Electron Density in Ionosphere during an X-Class Solar Flare Using GNSS Data.” Atmosphere 16 (7): 825. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16070825
• Belaidouni, Habib, Marija Samardžić, Saša Živković, and Mirko Kozić. 2017. “Computational Fluid Dynamics and Experimental Data Comparison of a Missile-Model Roll Derivative.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 54 (3): 672–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a33674
• Belleni-Morante, A., and G. Busoni. 1993. “Outgassing and Contamination: Strict Solution of a Boltzman-like Model.” Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences 16 (11): 799–817. https://doi.org/10.1002/mma.1670161104
• Belozubov, E. M. 2004. “Promising Thin-Film Strain-Resistor Pressure Sensors for Rocket and Aviation Techniques.” Measurement Techniques 47 (5): 474–80. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:mete.0000038114.80639.d4
• Benderskii, B. Ya., and A. A. Chernova. 2022. “Convective Heat Transfer in the Pre-Nozzle Volume of a Solid Rocket Motor with a Recessed Nozzle.” Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 95 (5): 1118–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-022-02576-x
• Benedikt, Elliot T. 1953. “Open-Nose Body of Revolution of Minimum Drag at Small Supersonic Speeds.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 20 (10): 720–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.2809
• Benediktov, E. A., G. G. Getmantsev, and V. L. Ginzburg. 1962. “Radioastronomical Investigations Employing Artificial Satellites and Space Rockets.” Planetary and Space Science 9 (3): 109–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90181-2
• Bennett, A. G. 1961. “A Note on the Motion of a Spinning Rocket with Eccentric Thrust.” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 28 (5): 426–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.9018
• Benney, Richard John, and Keith Robert Stein. 1996. “Computational Fluid-Structure Interaction Model for Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 33 (4): 730–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.47008
• Benton, Edward R. 1962. “Wing-Tail Interference as a Cause of ‘Magnus’ Effects on a Finned Missile.” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 29 (11): 1358–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.9813
• Benton, Edward R. 1964. “Supersonic Magnus Effect on a Finned Missile.” AIAA Journal 2 (1): 153–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2252
• Benton, Edward R., and Anders S. Platou. 1964. “Comments on ‘‘Wing-Tail Interference as a Cause of ‘Magnus’ Effects on a Finned Missile.’.” AIAA Journal 2 (2): 410–410. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2318
• Bentsman, Joseph, Mark Wilcutts, and Ame J. Pearlstein. 1991. “Sensing and Actuation in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 1991 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1991.4791943
• Bergeron, Keith, Mehdi Ghoreyshi, and Adam Jirasek. 2025. “Simulation and Stability Analysis of a Coupled Parachute–Payload System.” Aerospace 12 (2): 116. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020116
• Berlin, John J., and James L. Batson. 1975. “Experimentally Determined Rocket-Exhaust Flowfield in a Constrictivetube Launcher.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 12 (12): 711–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27869
• Berman, Kurt, and Samuel H. Cheney. 1953. “Combustion Studies in Rocket Motors.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (2): 89–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4549
• Berman, Kurt, and Stanley E. Logan. 1952. “Combustion Studies with a Rocket Motor Having a Full-Length Observation Window.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (2): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4430
• Bernhard, F. 1967. “COTIR Wind-Weighting Technique.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (8): 1117–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29038
• Bernhardt, Paul A. 1981. “Changes in Electromagnetic Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Due to Rocket Effluents.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 18 (3): 248–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57811
• Bernhardt, P. A. 2011. “Probing the Ionosphere with Rockets and Radio Waves: Studies of Plasma Waves and Instabilities in the Upper Atmosphere.” In 2011 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2011.5993370
• Bernhardt, P. A., J. O. Ballenthin, J. L. Baumgardner, et al. 2013. “Ground and Space-Based Measurement of Rocket Engine Burns in the Ionosphere.” IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science 40 (5). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140000918
• Bernhardt, P. A., and M. Rosenberg. 2011. “Theoretical Studies for the Care Ii Rocket Experiment to Excite Plasma Waves in the Ionosphere by High Speed Dust Injection.” In 2011 Abstracts IEEE International Conference on Plasma Science. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/plasma.2011.5993010
• Bertin, John J., Edward S. Idar, and David L. Booker. 1981. “Secondary Flows in a Rocket Launcher Tube.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 18 (2): 119–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57794
• Best, G. T., and E. B. Armstrong. 1968. “Rocket Measurements of the Altitudes of the Layers Emitting the 5577 Å Line of Oxygen and the Continuum in the Night Airglow.” Planetary and Space Science 16 (6): 821–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(68)90089-5
• Betti, B., F. Nasuti, and E. Martelli. 2014b. “Numerical Evaluation of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Rocket Thrust Chambers by Wall Ribs.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 66 (5): 488–508. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2014.885233
• Beynon, W. J. G., and S. Rangaswamy. 1969. “Model Electron Density Profiles for the Lower Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 31 (7): 891–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(69)90136-6
• Bhaskar, Arun, and Mithilesh K. Sahu. 2021. “Numerical Investigation on Performance of Convergent–divergent Nozzle with Multi-Inlet Combustion Chamber of a Rocket Engine.” Heat Transfer 51 (1): 5–21. https://doi.org/10.1002/htj.22296
• Bhatia, Divya. 2021. “Attitude Determination and Control System Design of Sub-Arcsecond Pointing Spacecraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (2): 295–314. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005116
• Bhatia, A. K., S. O. Kastner, and W. E. Behring. 1982. “The Solar O III Spectrum. I: Photoexcitation of EUV Lines by He II Lyman-Alpha.” Astrophysical Journal 257: 887. https://doi.org/10.1086/160038
• Bhosale, Vikas K., Junyeong Jeong, Jonghoon Choi, David G. Churchill, Yunho Lee, and Sejin Kwon. 2020a. “Additive-Promoted Hypergolic Ignition of Ionic Liquid with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Combustion and Flame 214: 426–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.01.013
• Bhosale, Vikas K., Junyeong Jeong, and Sejin Kwon. 2019. “Ignition of Boron-Based Green Hypergolic Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Fuel 255: 115729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2019.115729
• Bhosale, Vikas K., Keonwoong Lee, Hosung Yoon, and Sejin Kwon. 2024. “Green Bipropellant: Performance Evaluation of Hypergolic Ionic Liquid-Biofuel with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Fuel 376: 132688. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.132688
• Bibhorr, Bibhorr, and Chirag R. Anand. 2021. “Supplemented Thrust Reversal Contraption for Enhanced Flight Termination System (EFTS).” In 2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icort52730.2021.9581587
• Bieneck, Panu. 2026a. “On Pressures in the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Part I: An Alternative Calculation Method.” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 79 (1): 8. https://doi.org/10.59332/jbis-079-01-0008
• Bieneck, Panu. 2026b. “On Pressures in the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Part II: An Experimental Review.” Journal of the British Interplanetary Society 79 (1): 12–16. https://doi.org/10.59332/jbis-079-01-0012
• Bigarella, E. D. V., J. L. F. Azevedo, and O. A. F. Mello. 2004. “Normal Force Calculations for Rocket-like Configurations.” Journal of the Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 26 (3). https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-58782004000300005
• Bigelow, Zoey, and Luis Fernando Velásquez-García. 2024. “Autonomous, Additively Manufactured, Multi-Langmuir Probe for CubeSat Plasma Diagnostics.” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 73: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3373052
• Bilitza, D., and J. H. King. 1988. “National Space Science Data Center and World Data Center a for Rockets and Satellites: Ionospheric Data Holdings and Services.” Advances in Space Research 8 (4): 99–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90217-7
• Bilitza, Dieter, and Karl Rawer. 1990. “New Options for IRI Electron Density in the Middle Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 10 (11): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90299-f
• Biswas, Souvick, Mason McAnally, Steven D. Chambreau, Stefan Schneider, Rui Sun, and Ralf I. Kaiser. 2025a. “Atmospheric Ignition Chemistry of Green Hypergolic Bipropellant 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Cyanoborohydride – Hydrogen Peroxide in an Acoustic Levitator: Exploring a Potent Universal Propellant.” Chemistry – A European Journal 31 (23): e202500593. https://doi.org/10.1002/chem.202500593
• Black, Ariel T., Michael P. Drolet, and Timothée L. Pourpoint. 2018. “Early Liquid and Gas Phase Hypergolic Reactions between Monomethylhydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide or Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Combustion Science and Technology 191 (11): 1990–2005. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2018.1540471
• Blakseth, Sindre Stenen, Ailo Aasen, André Massing, and Petter Nekså. 2025. “Local Area Cooling versus Broad Area Cooling for Boil-off Reduction in Large-Scale Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tanks.” Cryogenics 148: 104065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104065
• Blick, Edward F. 1968. “Pitch-Damping Coefficients at Hypersonic Speeds.” AIAA Journal 6 (1): 164–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4463
• Bloom, Ralph, Noah S. Davis, and Samuel D. Levine. 1950. “Hydrogen Peroxide as a Propellant.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (80): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4301
• Blum, Peter W. 1968. “The Delay between Solar Activity and Density Changes in the Upper Atmosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 16 (12): 1427–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(68)90056-1
• Blum, P. W., K. G. H. Schuchardt, and U. von Zahn. 1978. “Semi-Empirical Models of the Neutral Atmosphere Based on Turbopause Height and Exospheric Temperature Variations.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 40 (10–11): 1131–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(78)90061-2
• Blum, J., G. Wurm, and T. Poppe. 1999. “The CODAG Sounding Rocket Experiment to Study Aggregation of Thermally Diffusing Dust Particles.” Advances in Space Research 23 (7): 1267–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(99)00195-7
• Bodner, S. R., and M. B. Rubin. 2005. “Modeling the Buckling of Axially Compressed Elastic Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 43 (1): 103–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.8305
• Boggess, Albert, Iii, and Yoji Kondo. 1968. “Rocket Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry in the Orion Region.” Astrophysical Journal 151: L5. https://doi.org/10.1086/180128
• Bohlin, R. C., T. P. Stecher, and P. A. Marionni. 1975. “The Rocket-Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7027.” Astrophysical Journal 202. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760033049
• Bohn, Manfred A. 2003. “Thermal Ageing of Rocket Propellant Formulations Containing ε-HNIW (ε-CL20) Investigated by Heat Generation Rate and Mass Loss.” Thermochimica Acta 401 (1): 27–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(03)00052-2
• Bojorquez, Oliver J., and Jun Chen. 2019. “Risk Level Analysis for Hazard Area during Commercial Space Launch.” In 2019 IEEE/AIAA 38th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc43569.2019.9081702
• Boland, B. C., B. B. Jones, and S. F. T. Engstrom. 1971. “An Echelle Spectrograph for High Resolution Studies of the Solar Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Solar Physics 17 (2): 333–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00150037
• Booker, Henry G. 1967. “Electron Density Profiles in Ionosphere and Exosphere.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 283 (3): 260. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(67)90029-4
• Boraas, S. 1987. “Spacecraft Contamination from Scarfed Nozzle Exhausts.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 24 (6): 539–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25950
• Borovik, Igor, Evgeniy Strokach, Alexander Kozlov, et al. 2019. “Influence of Polyisobutylene Kerosene Additive on Combustion Efficiency in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Aerospace 6 (12): 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120129
• Borovskoi, Igor G., and Alexander B. Vorozhtsov. 1995. “Magnetic Field Control of Burning Rate and Thrust in Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 11 (4): 824–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23907
• Bortoloto, Evandro Rostirolla, Francisco Carlos Parquet Bizarria, and José Walter Parquet Bizarria. 2023. “Petri Nets Applied in Purge Algorithm Analysis for a Rocket Engine Test with Liquid Propellant.” Aerospace 10 (3): 212. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030212
• Bose, Tarit K. 1978. “Comparison of Rocket Nozzle Heat Transfer Calculation Methods.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 15 (4): 253–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28012
• Bossy, Lucien, and Marcel Nicolet. 1981. “On the Variability of Lyman-Alpha with Solar Activity.” Planetary and Space Science 29 (8): 907–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(81)90080-5
• Bottema, M., W. G. Fastie, and H. W. Moos. 1969. “A Rocket Telescope Spectrometer with High Precision Pointing Control.” Applied Optics 8 (9): 1821. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.8.001821
• Bouslog, Stanley A., John J. Bertin, and William B. Wingert. 1984. “Flowfield Produced by Rocket Exhaust Impingement of a Multitube Launcher.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 21 (4): 323–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25658
• Boustani, Jonathan, Michael P. Applebaum, William M. Eppard, Thomas B. Steva, and Les Hall. 2024. “Exhaust Gas and Plume Modeling Effects for Space Launch System Abort Scenarios.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 61 (4): 953–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35819
• Bouziane, Abdelaaziz, Mohammed Amin Ferdi, Cirta Tanssaout, and Mourad Djebli. 2026. “Daytime Ultraviolet-Driven OH Variability in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere: Effects of Solar Zenith Angle and F10.7 Solar Flux.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 280: 106744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106744
• Bowden, George. 2022. “Orbit-Localised Thermosphere Density Prediction Using a Kalman Filter Based Calibration of Empirical Models.” Acta Astronautica 197: 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.05.005
• Bowyer, S., E. T. Byram, T. A. Chubb, and H. Friedman. 1964a. “X-Ray Emission from the Direction of Scorpius.” Astronomical Journal 69: 135. https://doi.org/10.1086/109364
• Bragg, S. L. 1963. “Chemical Rocket Propulsion and Combustion Research.” Combustion and Flame 7: 301. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(63)90198-6
• Bragin, Yu. A. 1973. “Nature of the Lower D Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 245 (5426): 450–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/245450a0
• Bray, R. J., and R. E. Loughhead. 1986. “High-Resolution Photography of the Solar Chromosphere. XXIII: Direct Measurement of the Optical Thickness of H-Alpha Solar Loops.” Astrophysical Journal 301: 989. https://doi.org/10.1086/163962
• Brisset, Julie, Daniel Heißelmann, Stefan Kothe, René Weidling, and Jürgen Blum. 2013. “The Suborbital Particle Aggregation and Collision Experiment (SPACE): Studying the Collision Behavior of Submillimeter-Sized Dust Aggregates on the Suborbital Rocket Flight REXUS 12.” Review of Scientific Instruments 84 (9): 094501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4819443
• Broadwell, James E. 1963. “Correlation of Rocket Nozzle Gas Injection Data.” AIAA Journal 1 (8): 1911–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1952
• Brodie, P. M. 1969. “Roll-Resonance Effects on Controlled Rocket- Boosted Projectiles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (2): 207–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29568
• Brosius, Jeffrey W., Joseph M. Davila, William T. Thompson, et al. 1993. “Simultaneous Observations of Solar Plage with the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS), the VLA, and the Kitt Peak Magnetograph.” Astrophysical Journal 411: 410. https://doi.org/10.1086/172843
• Brosius, Jeffrey W., Douglas M. Rabin, Roger J. Thomas, and Enrico Landi. 2008. “Analysis of a Solar Coronal Bright Point Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum from the EUNIS Sounding Rocket Instrument.” Astrophysical Journal 677 (1): 781–89. https://doi.org/10.1086/528930
• Brosius, Jeffrey W., Roger J. Thomas, Joseph M. Davila, and Enrico Landi. 2000. “Analysis of a Solar Active Region Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrum from SERTS-97.” Astrophysical Journal 543 (2): 1016–26. https://doi.org/10.1086/317153
• Broughton, L. W. 1962. “Rocket Engines.” Combustion and Flame 6: 208. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(62)90092-5
• Brown, Andrew M. 2002. “Temperature-Dependent Modal Test/Analysis Correlation of X-34 FASTRAC Composite Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 18 (2): 284–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5968
• Brubaker, Mervin. 1974. “NOTES: Measuring the Thrust of a Model Rocket.” Physics Teacher 12 (8): 488–91. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2350514
• Brueckner, G. E., and K. R. Nicolas. 1973. “Extreme Ultraviolet Emission from Chromospheric Inhomogeneities: An Analysis of the Extreme Ultraviolet Flash Spectrum of the Sun.” Solar Physics 29 (2): 301–15. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00150808
• Bruinsma, S. L., P. Exertier, and R. Biancale. 1999. “An Assessment of New Satellite Total Density Data for Improving Upper Atmosphere Models.” Planetary and Space Science 47 (12): 1465–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-0633(99)00062-8
• Brummund, U., A. Cessou, and A. Vogel. 1996. “Plif Imaging Measurements of a Co-Axial Rocket Injector Spray at Elevated Pressure.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 26 (1): 1687–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(96)80393-6
• Bruner, E. C., Jr., and W. A. Rense. 1969. “Rocket Observations of Profiles of Solar Ultraviolet Emission Lines.” Astrophysical Journal 157: 417. https://doi.org/10.1086/150076
• Bruner, E. C., Jr., R. W. Parker, E. Chipman, and R. Stevens. 1973. “New Observations of the Solar Ultraviolet Chromosphere.” Astrophysical Journal 182. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730046762
• Bruno, Claudio, Giulio Riva, Claudio Zanotti, Roberto Dondè, Carlo Grimaldi, and Luigi De Luca. 1985. “Experimental and Theoretical Burning of Solid Rocket Propellants near the Pressure Deflagration Limit.” Acta Astronautica 12 (5): 351–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(85)90069-4
• Budzinski, Kenneth, Siddhant S. Aphale, Elektra Katz Ismael, Gabriel Surina, and Paul E. DesJardin. 2020. “Radiation Heat Transfer in Ablating Boundary Layer Combustion Theory Used for Hybrid Rocket Motor Analysis.” Combustion and Flame 217: 248–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.04.011
• Bulat, P. V., A. I. Musteikis, N. V. Prodan, M. E. Renev, and K. N. Volkov. 2024. “Simulation of Intra-Chamber Processes in a Low-Thrust Rocket Engine with a Hydrogen-Air Mixture and Counterflow Cooling.” Acta Astronautica 225: 243–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.09.029
• Bull, Harry W. 1932. “Increasing the Range of the Rocket.” Astronautics 2 (21): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.11919
• Bundy, F. P., and H. M. Strong. 1948. “Measurement of Velocity and Pressure of the Gases in Rocket Flames by Spectroscopic Methods.” Symposium on Combustion and Flame, and Explosion Phenomena 3 (1): 647–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1062-2896(49)80089-4
• Bunner, A. N., P. L. Coleman, W. L. Kraushaar, and D. McCammon. 1972. “Soft X-Rays from the Vicinity of the North Polar Spur.” Astrophysical Journal 172. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720037732
• Burdett, Harry W. 1946. “The Variable Nozzle as a Means of Maintaining Rocket Engine Efficiency When Throttling.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (68): 39–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4117
• Burgess, E. 1945. “The Cuxhaven V2 Tests: British Scientists Fire Long-Range Rockets.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (64): 22–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4061
• Byram, E. T., T. A. Chubb, and H. Friedman. 1966. “Cosmic X-Ray Sources-Galactic and Extragalactic.” Astronomical Journal 71: 379. https://doi.org/10.1086/109934
• Byram, E. T., T. A. Chubb, H. Friedman, and J. E., Jr. Kupperian. 1956. “Observations of the Intensity of Solar Lyman-Alpha Emission.” Astrophysical Journal 124: 480. https://doi.org/10.1086/146247
• Byram, E. T., T. A. Chubb, H. Friedman, and J. E., Jr. Kupperian. 1957. “Rocket Observations of Extraterrestrial Far-Ultraviolet Radiation.” Astronomical Journal 62: 9. https://doi.org/10.1086/107606
• Byram, E. T., T. A. Chubb, H. Friedman, J. E., Jr. Kupperian, and R. W. Kreplin. 1958. “Letters to the Editor: Intensity of Solar Lyman-Alpha and Adjacent Ultraviolet Emission Lines.” Astrophysical Journal 128: 738. https://doi.org/10.1086/146587
• Błachut, J. 2010. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders with Imperfect Length.” Computers & Structures 88 (5–6): 365–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2009.11.010
• Cadamuro, Riccardo, Maria Teresa Cazzola, Nicolò Lontani, and Carlo E. D. Riboldi. 2024. “A Static Stability Analysis Method for Passively Stabilized Sounding Rockets.” Aerospace 11 (3): 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030242
• Cadavez, Francisco Vasconcelos do Carmo, Alain de Souza, and Afzal Suleman. 2025. “Thermo-Mechanical Model of an Axisymmetric Rocket Combustion Chamber Protection Using Ablative Materials.” Journal of Composites Science 9 (8): 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcs9080439
• Cady, E. C., and D. W. Kendle. 1972b. “Vehicle-Scale Investigation of a Fluorine-Hydrogen Main Tank Injection Pressurization System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 9 (3): 158–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61646
• Cady, E. C., and D. W. Kendle. 1973. “Vehicle-Scale Investigation of a Fluorine Jet-Pump Liquid Hydrogen Tank Pressurization System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 10 (11): 735–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61956
• Caffiero, Luca, Stefania Carlotti, and Filippo Maggi. 2024b. “Monoethanolamine-Based Fuels Hypergolic with Rocket-Grade Hydrogen Peroxide.” Aerospace 11 (4): 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040309
• Caffiero, Luca, Federico Rapisarda, Agostino Neri, and Stefania Carlotti. 2026. “Hypergolic Ignition with High-Test Peroxide: Progress in Catalytic, Reactive, and Ionic Liquid Fuels.” Fuels 7 (3): 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/fuels7030045
• Cai, Guobiao, Binbin Cao, Hao Zhu, Hui Tian, and Xuan Ma. 2017. “Parametric Investigation of Secondary Injection in Post-Chamber on Combustion Performance for Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 140: 427–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.09.009
• Cai, Timin, and Xiao Hou. 1990. “Simple Method for Numerical Simulation of Temperature Response of the Solid Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 4 (1): 42–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29160
• Cai, Weidong, Piyush Thakre, and Vigor Yang. 2008. “A Model of AP/HTPB Composite Propellant Combustion in Rocket-Motor Environments.” Combustion Science and Technology 180 (12): 2143–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200802414915
• Cai, Guobiao, Peng Zeng, Xintian Li, Hui Tian, and Nanjia Yu. 2013b. “Scale Effect of Fuel Regression Rate in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 24 (1): 141–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.11.001
• Cai, Guobiao, Zeng Zhao, Bo Zhao, Yufei Liu, and Nanjia Yu. 2020. “Regression Rate and Combustion Performance Investigation on Hybrid Rocket Motor with Head-End Swirl Injection under High Geometric Swirl Number.” Aerospace Science and Technology 103: 105922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105922
• Cai, Guobiao, Hao Zhu, Dalin Rao, and Hui Tian. 2013a. “Optimal Design of Hybrid Rocket Motor Powered Vehicle for Suborbital Flight.” Aerospace Science and Technology 25 (1): 114–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2011.12.014
• Cain, Terrence M. 1994. “Calculation of Matched Pressure Properties of Low-Altitude Rocket Plumes.” AIAA Journal 32 (3): 661–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12037
• Calabia, Andres, Geshi Tang, and Shuanggen Jin. 2020. “Assessment of New Thermospheric Mass Density Model Using NRLMSISE-00 Model, GRACE, Swarm-C, and APOD Observations.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 199: 105207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105207
• Calcines Rosario, Ariadna, Frederic Auchère, Alain Jody Corso, et al. 2024. “Spectral Imager of the Solar Atmosphere: The First Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Integral Field Spectrograph Using Slicers.” Aerospace 11 (3): 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030208
• Call, Vicki B., and Donald R. Mason. 1992. “Space Shuttle Redesigned Solid Rocket Booster Structural Dynamic Liftoff Predictions and Correlations.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (2): 297–302. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23477
• Callsen, Steffen, Jascha Wilken, Sven Stappert, and Martin Sippel. 2023. “Feasible Options for Point-to-Point Passenger Transport with Rocket Propelled Reusable Launch Vehicles.” Acta Astronautica 212: 100–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.07.016
• Çam, Hasan Hüseyin, and İbrahim Özkol. 2023. “Cost Effect of Launch Site Location on Multistage Rocket Design to Be Used in Geostationary Satellite Launch Missions.” In 2023 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Air and Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast57548.2023.10197666
• Campos, Luís M. B. C., and Paulo J. S. Gil. 2020. “The Two-Point Boundary-Value Problem for Rocket Trajectories.” Aerospace 7 (9): 131. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7090131
• Campos, Luiz M. B. C., and Manuel J. S. Silva. 2023. “On the Size of the Safety Area around the Launch Trajectory of a Rocket.” Aerospace 10 (9): 760. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10090760
• Cancro, C. A., W. R. Crockett, N. M. Garrahan, and R. G. McGowan. 1969. “X-Ray Experiment Electronic Instrumentation for High Altitude Balloon and Rocket Flights.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods 72 (1): 13–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(69)90258-4
• Cantwell, Brian. 2014. “The Wax Rocket.” IEEE Spectrum 51 (12): 49–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/mspec.2014.6964928
• “Carbon/carbon Rocket Motor Exit Cone Reinforcement.” 1985. Composites 16 (4): 344. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(85)90458-6
• Cardoso, Renata Fraga, Emilly Stefane de Oliveira Fernandes, Victor Rabelo Rodrigues, Leonardo Henrique Gouvea, and Luís Gustavo Ferroni Pereira. 2026. “Development and Optimization of a Green Hypergolic Gel Propellant Based on Gelled Ethanol with Aluminum Powder and copper(II) Chloride with 90% Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizer.” Acta Astronautica 247: 669–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.05.020
• Carey, Lee. 1965. “Pressure-Fed Liquid Rocket Payload Potential.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 2 (1): 121–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28141
• Carlqvist and Laurent. 1976. “The Cosmic X-Ray Background (Reply).” Nature 262 (5571): 822–822. https://doi.org/10.1038/262822a0
• Carosso, Paolo A., and Nancy J. Pugel Carosso. 1986. “Role of Scattering Distribution Functions in Spacecraft Contamination Control Practices.” Applied Optics 25 (7): 1230. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.25.001230
• Carpenter, Bryce. 2014. “Automatic Code Generation for Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control.” In 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2014.6836510
• Carre, D. J., and D. F. Hall. 1983. “Contamination Measurements during Operation of Hydrazine Thrusters on the P78-2 (SCATHA) Satellite.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 20 (5): 444–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25626
• Carruthers, George R. 1970. “Rocket Observation of Interstellar Molecular Hydrogen.” Astrophysical Journal 161: L81. https://doi.org/10.1086/180575
• Casalino, Lorenzo, Filippo Masseni, and Dario Pastrone. 2019. “Viability of an Electrically Driven Pump-Fed Hybrid Rocket for Small Launcher Upper Stages.” Aerospace 6 (3): 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6030036
• Casalino, Lorenzo, and Dario Pastrone. 2008. “Optimal Design of Hybrid Rocket Motors for Microgravity Platform.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 24 (3): 491–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.30548
• Casiano, Matthew J., James R. Hulka, and Vigor Yang. 2010. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Throttling: A Comprehensive Review.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 26 (5): 897–923. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.49791
• Castaneda, David Andres, Samuel Hassid, and Benveniste Natan. 2019. “Modeling the Hypergolic Ignition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Polyethylene.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 35 (1): 239–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37268
• Castaneda, David A., Joseph K. Lefkowitz, and Benveniste Natan. 2025. “Multi-Phase Hypergolic Ignition Model.” Combustion and Flame 276: 114114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114114
• Castaneda, David A., and Benveniste Natan. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of the Hydrogen Peroxide – Solid Hydrocarbon Hypergolic Ignition.” Acta Astronautica 158: 286–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.05.058
• Castaneda, David A., and Benveniste Natan. 2022. “Hypergolic Ignition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Various Solid Fuels.” Fuel 316: 123432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.123432
• Catchpoole, J. R. 1971. “Requirements for Rocket Auroral Spectroscopy in the Vacuum Ultraviolet.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 33 (9): 1329–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(71)90006-7
• Catchpoole, J. R. 1973. “Some Effects of Magnetospheric Acceleration Mechanisms on Variations in Ultraviolet Intensity Height Profiles, and on Consequent Rocket Spectrograph Sensitivities.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 35 (5): 861–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(73)90068-8
• Catura, R. C., and L. W. Acton. 1976. “X-Ray Structure of the Puppis Supernova Remnant.” Astrophysical Journal 207. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760057970
• Cayzac, R., and E. Carette. 1992. “Parametric Aerodynamic Design of Spinning Finned Projectiles Using Amatrix Interpolation Method.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 29 (1): 51–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26312
• Cecil, Orie M., and Joseph Majdalani. 2019. “Convergence of Two Internal Mean Flow Solutions for Spinning Rocket Motors.” AIAA Journal 57 (12): 5339–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j058620
• “Certain Results of Rocket Measurements of the Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere up to Altitudes of 200 Km Carried out in 1959–1960.” 1962. Planetary and Space Science 9 (7): 437. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90097-1
• Cha, Jihyoung, Erik Andersson, and Alexis Bohlin. 2023. “A Numerical Approach to Optimize the Design of a Pintle Injector for LOX/GCH4 Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Aerospace 10 (7): 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10070582
• Cha, Jihyoung, and Élcio Jeronimo de Oliveira. 2022. “Performance Comparison of Control Strategies for a Variable-Thrust Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor.” Aerospace 9 (6): 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060325
• Cha, Jihyoung, Sangho Ko, and Soon-Young Park. 2024. “Particle-Filter-Based Fault Diagnosis for the Startup Process of an Open-Cycle Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Sensors 24 (9): 2798. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24092798
• Chadalavada, Pardha Sai, Rohan G. Deshmukh, Soumyo Dutta, and Ehsan Taheri. 2026. “Robust Aerocapture Trajectory Optimization under Atmospheric Density Uncertainty.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 63 (5): 1413–28. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36525
• Chakrabarty, D. K. 2005. “On Long-Term Changes of Electron Density in the Upper Mesosphere.” Advances in Space Research 35 (8): 1411–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.04.006
• Challa, Murty S., Jay G. Moore, and Daniel J. Rogers. 2016. “A Simple Attitude Unscented Kalman Filter: Theory and Evaluation in a Magnetometer-Only Spacecraft Scenario.” IEEE Access 4: 1845–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2016.2559445
• Champion, K. S. W. 1981. “Properties of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 1 (12): 133–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90427-0
• Chandra, Gilbert D., M. Devakumar, Srinivasulu U. Reddy, G. Uma, and M. Umapathy. 2023. “Critical Measurement Parameters Estimation in Liquid Rocket Engine Using LSTM-Based Soft Sensor.” Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 92: 102371. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2023.102371
• Chang, I-Shih. 1991. “Slag and Thermal Environment of a Spinning Rocket Motor.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 28 (5): 599–605. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26286
• Chang, Sijiang, and Dongyang Li. 2023. “Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Microspoiler for Spin-Stabilized Projectiles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 60 (3): 991–1009. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35566
• Chang, Sijiang, Dongyang Li, and Wei Wei. 2021. “Swerve Solution for Spin-Stabilized Projectiles with Canards: A Revisit.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 58 (5): 1352–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34964
• Chang, C.-S., S.-S. Wei, K.-L. Chang, Y.-X. Chang, and J.-S. Wu. 2026. “Performance Investigation of DETA- and EDA-Based Green Hypergolic Fuels with 90% Hydrogen Peroxide.” Aerospace Science and Technology 177: 112278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112278
• Chang, C.-S., S.-S. Wei, Zu Puayen Tan, Y.-X. Chang, and Jong-Shinn Wu. 2025. “Hypergolic Solid Propellant Using NaBH4/KNO3 with Paraffin for HTP-Based Hybrid Rockets.” Acta Astronautica 231: 103–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.02.041
• Changey, S., D. Beauvois, and V. Fleck. 2006. “A Mixed Extended-Unscented Filter for Attitude Estimation with Magnetometer Sensor.” In 2006 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2006.1657158
• Chau, J. L., A. Berera, and D. Huyghebaert. 2025. “Rogue Vertical Drafts in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: Evidence and Implications.” Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 12: 1716224. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2025.1716224
• Chaudhry, Akanksha, Nagendra Kumar, Sudarshan Kumar, Rohit Sehrawat, and Arvind Kumar. 2026. “Experimental Studies on Pulse-Triggered Combustion Instability in Solid Rocket Motor.” Combustion Science and Technology: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2026.2667319
• Chaudhuri, A., and A. Hadjadj. 2016. “Numerical Investigations of Transient Nozzle Flow Separation.” Aerospace Science and Technology 53: 10–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.03.006
• Chebakov, Evgenii V., Aleksey V. Nenarokomov, Dmitry L. Reviznikov, Sergey A. Budnik, and Dmitry M. Titov. 2026. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination System Based on the Sequential Solution of the Two Inverse Problems.” AIAA Journal 64 (5): 2956–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j066070
• Chehroudi, Bruce. 2010. “Physical Hypothesis for the Combustion Instability in Cryogenic Liquid Rocket Engines.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 26 (6): 1153–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.38451
• Chelaru, Teodor-Viorel, and Florin Mingireanu. 2011. “Hybrid Rocket Engine, Theoretical Model and Experiment.” Acta Astronautica 68 (11–12): 1891–1902. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2010.12.008
• Chelmus, Catalin, Tudor Gheorma, Stefan Ursache, Valentin Toma, Grigore Cican, and Teodor Lucian Grigorie. 2026. “Integrated Aero-Structural Design and Supersonic Flight Validation of a 3D-Printed Composite Rocket Nose Cone.” Results in Engineering 31: 111519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2026.111519
• Chen, Zhou, Bokun An, Wenti Liao, et al. 2023b. “Ionospheric Electron Density Model by Electron Density Grid Deep Neural Network (EDG-DNN).” Atmosphere 14 (5): 810. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14050810
• Chen, Chen, Guobiao Cai, Xiaoyang Hu, et al. 2026a. “Optical Diagnostics of Liquid Contamination in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Plumes: Part I–liquid Film Evolution on Engine Walls.” Aerospace Science and Technology 177: 112266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112266
• Chen, Zehao, Hui Chen, Xiaoguang Zhang, Hang Zhang, and Zhenzhen Zhang. 2025a. “Fault Isolation Considering Real Mechanical Coupling Effects with Application to Liquid Oxygen/kerosene Staged Combustion Rocket Engines.” Measurement 242: 115965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2024.115965
• Chen, Tsung-Chien, and Chiun-Chien Liu. 2008. “Inverse Estimation of Heat Flux and Temperature on Nozzle Throat-Insert Inner Contour.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 51 (13–14): 3571–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2007.10.029
• Chen, Chiung-Chu, Michael J. Nusca, Anthony J. Kotlar, and Michael J. McQuaid. 2009. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2009 DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program Users Group Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcmp-ugc.2009.25
• Chen, Philip T., Shaun Thomson, and Michael S. Woronowicz. 2001. “Applying Contamination Modeling to Spacecraft Conventional Propulsion System Designs and Operations.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 38 (3): 388–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3696
• Chen, Jianwei, Liangming Wang, and Zhiwei Yang. 2025b. “Wind-Induced Responses of Nonlinear Angular Motion for a Dual-Spin Rocket.” Aerospace 12 (8): 675. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080675
• Chen, Binqi, Yiding Wang, Chendi Zhao, Yi Sun, and Leiming Ning. 2021. “Numerical Visualization of Drop and Opening Process for Parachute-Payload System Adopting Fluid–solid Coupling Simulation.” Journal of Visualization 25 (2): 229–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-021-00797-5
• Chen, Lunjin, Zhiyang Xia, and Wenyao Gu. 2023a. “Ground VLF Transmitter Wave Propagation in the Upper Atmosphere.” In 2023 International Conference on Electromagnetics in Advanced Applications (ICEAA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceaa57318.2023.10297898
• Chen, Zhiping, Licai Yang, Guowei Cao, and Wenjing Guo. 2012a. “Buckling of the Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with Arbitrary Axisymmetric Thickness Variation.” Thin-Walled Structures 60: 38–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2012.07.015
• Cheng, Sin-I. 1956. “High-Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket with Concentrated Combustion and Distributed Time Lag.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 26 (2): 87–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.6930
• Cheng, Sin-I. 1961. “Unstable Combustion in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 8 (1): 81–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80489-3
• Cheng, Yang, Hongyong Xu, Xin Li, et al. 2026. “Chemical Compatibility of Fuming Nitric Acid, Fuming Sulfuric Acid, and Their Mixtures with Metals.” Process Safety Progress 45 (2): 192–200. https://doi.org/10.1002/prs.70048
• Cheng, Jiming, Chunyu Zhang, Hang Yan, Xiping Feng, and Guoqiang Zhu. 2025. “Factors Influencing Step Ablation in the Expansion Section of a Composite Nozzle in a Solid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace 12 (6): 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060499
• Cheng, Han, Xin-hua Zhang, Li Yu, and Meng Chen. 2014. “Study of Velocity Effects on Parachute Inflation Performance Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction Method.” Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 35 (9): 1177–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-014-1852-6
• Chiaverini, Martin J., Kenneth K. Kuo, Arie Peretz, and George C. Harting. 2001. “Regression-Rate and Heat-Transfer Correlations for Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 17 (1): 99–110. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5714
• Chiba, Kazuhisa, Shinya Watanabe, and Masahiro Kanazaki. 2016b. “Physical Construction of Local Design Information for Sounding Hybrid Rocket Design via Correlation-Based Information Hierarchical Structure.” In 2016 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cec.2016.7744112
• Chis, G., and V. Mioc. 1976. “On the Spin Motion of the Rocket 1970–97 B.” Astronomische Nachrichten 297 (1): 61–62. https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.19762970110
• Cho, Gwang-Rae, Jeong-Joo Park, Eui-Seung Chung, and Seung-Hyun Hwang. 2008. “The Korean Sounding Rocket Program.” Acta Astronautica 62 (12): 706–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2008.01.035
• Choi, Suk Min, and Christian Bach. 2025. “Experimental Investigation of PWM Throttling in a 50-Newton-Class HTP Monopropellant Thruster: Analysis of Pressure Surges and Oscillations.” Aerospace 12 (5): 418. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12050418
• Choi, Hyung-Don, and Hyochoong Bang. 2000. “An Adaptive Control Approach to the Attitude Control of a Flexible Rocket.” Control Engineering Practice 8 (9): 1003–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(00)00032-0
• Chorlton, F. 1953. “2363. Motion of a Rocket.” Mathematical Gazette 37 (322): 268–69. https://doi.org/10.2307/3610045
• Chow, W. L., and I. S. Chang. 1972. “Mach Reflection from Overexpanded Nozzle Flows.” AIAA Journal 10 (9): 1261–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50368
• Christely, M., T. Schmitt, and S. Ducruix. 2026. “Riemann Invariant Based Calculations of Acoustic Modes in Rocket Engine Geometries.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 645: 120122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2026.120122
• Christie, A. D. 1967. “The Upper Atmosphere and Meteorology Today – a Review.” Atmosphere 5 (3): 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/00046973.1967.9676536
• Christopher, P. A. T. 1980. “Roll-Attitude Control of a Missile Having a Strong Aerodynamic Non-Linearity.” International Journal of Control 31 (2): 209–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207178008961038
• Chubb, T. A., and H. Friedman. 1955. “Photon Counters for the Far Ultraviolet.” Review of Scientific Instruments 26 (5): 493–98. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1771334
• Chun, Ch.-H. 1983. “A Sounding Rocket Experiment on the Marangoni Convection.” Advances in Space Research 3 (5): 183–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(83)90244-2
• Chung, Chan-Hong, Kenneth J. De Witt, Robert M. Stubbs, and Paul F. Penko. 1995. “Simulation of Overexpanded Low-Density Nozzle Plume Flow.” AIAA Journal 33 (9): 1646–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12812
• Chutkey, Kiran, and Shashi B. Verma. 2026. “Effect of Side Load Reduction Device on Overexpanded Thrust Optimized Parabolic Nozzle Flow.” Aerospace Science and Technology 173: 111737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.111737
• Chutkey, K., M. Viji, and S. B. Verma. 2017. “Effect of Clustering on Linear Plug Nozzle Flow Field for Overexpanded Internal Jet.” Shock Waves 27 (4): 623–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-017-0707-y
• Ciepluch, Carl C., Harrison Allen, and Edward A. Fletcher. 1961. “Ignition of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors by Injection of Hypergolic Fluids.” ARS Journal 31 (4): 514–18. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5542
• Cieśliński, Dawid, Adam Okniński, Michał Ranachowski, et al. 2025. “On Development of Green Storable Liquid Rocket Engine with Thrust Variation.” Acta Astronautica 234: 560–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.05.020
• Cilden-Guler, Demet, Hanspeter Schaub, Chingiz Hajiyev, and Zerefsan Kaymaz. 2021. “Attitude Estimation with Albedo Interference on Sun Sensor Measurements.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 58 (1): 148–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34814
• Cimini, M., E. Martelli, and M. Bernardini. 2021. “Numerical Analysis of Side-Loads Reduction in a Sub-Scale Dual-Bell Rocket Nozzle.” Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 107 (3): 551–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10494-021-00243-4
• Citarella, Roberto, Michele Ferraiuolo, Michele Perrella, and Venanzio Giannella. 2022. “Thermostructural Numerical Analysis of the Thrust Chamber of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Materials 15 (15): 5427. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155427
• Clare, Thomas A. 1971. “Resonance Instability for Finned Configurations Having Nonlinear Aerodynamic Properties.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 8 (3): 278–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30260
• Clemesha, B. R. 1995. “Sporadic Neutral Metal Layers in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 57 (7): 725–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00049-t
• Clemesha, B. R., and H. Takahashi. 1995. “Upper Atmosphere Research at INPE.” Advances in Space Research 16 (5): 141–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00183-f
• Clemesha, B. R., and H. Takahashi. 1996. “Rocket-Borne Measurements of Horizontal Structure in the OH(8,3) and Na D Airglow Emissions.” Advances in Space Research 17 (11): 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00733-u
• Clemesha, B. R., H. Takahashi, and Y. Sahai. 1987. “Vehicle Glow Observed during a Rocket Sounding Experiment.” Planetary and Space Science 35 (11): 1367–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(87)90048-1
• Cloutier, Gerald J. 1969. “Nutation Damper Instability on Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft.” AIAA Journal 7 (11): 2110–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5565
• Cloutier, Gerald J. 1972. “Optimum Design Parameters for a Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft Nutation Damper.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 9 (6): 466–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61715
• Coates, R. L. 1971. “Comment on “Stability of Longitudinal Oscillations with Pressure and Velocity Coupling in a Solid Propellant Rocket”.” Combustion Science and Technology 3 (3): 153–54. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207108952282
• Codrean, Andrea-Florina, Octavian Madalin Bunoiu, and Marius Paulescu. 2025. “Identifying the Signature of the Solar UV Radiation Spectrum.” Atmosphere 16 (4): 427. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040427
• Cohen, Gerald A. 1966. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with Ring-Stiffened Edges.” AIAA Journal 4 (10): 1859–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3800
• Cohen, Ian J., Brian J. Anderson, John W. Bonnell, et al. 2020. “Rocket Investigation of Current Closure in the Ionosphere (RICCI): A Novel Application of CubeSats from a Sounding Rocket Platform.” Advances in Space Research 66 (1): 98–106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2019.04.036
• Cohen, Raphael, Romain Jobredeaux, and Eric Feron. 2015. “A Credible Autocoding Application within a Rocket and Its Payload.” In 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2015.7311640
• Colander, R. E., and C. M. Kortman. 1955. “A Transistorized FM/FM Telemetering System.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-1 (2): 20–24. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1955.6538794
• Coldrick, J. R. 1972. “Optical Sensors for Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” Optics & Laser Technology 4 (3): 129–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-3992(72)90019-9
• Colquitt, Coy W. 1969. “Fluidics for Propellant Tank Pressurization.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (2): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29547
• “Comparison of High-Altitude Rocket and Satellite Density Measurements.” 1960b. Vacuum 10 (3): 284. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-207x(60)90305-5
• “Comparison of Solar and Laboratory Iron Spectra in the Vacuum Ultraviolet.” 1966. Solar Energy 10 (1): 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(66)90080-6
• Concio, P., M. T. Migliorino, and F. Nasuti. 2020. “Numerical Approach for the Estimation of Throat Heat Flux in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 100 (1): 33–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42496-020-00060-4
• Concio, Pierluigi, Mario Tindaro Migliorino, Daniele Bianchi, and Francesco Nasuti. 2023. “Numerical Estimation of Nozzle Throat Heat Flux in Oxygen-Methane Rocket Engines.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 39 (1): 71–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b38811
• Conde, Natalia, Iñigo Cortés, Matthias Overbeck, Francesco Gini, Serena Molli, and Erik Schönemann. 2026. “Space GNSS Receiver for Autonomous Flight Termination System and Precise Orbit Insertion.” In 2026 12th Workshop on Satellite Navigation Technologies (NAVITEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/navitec202669090.2026.11692512
• Connell, Terrence L., Grant A. Risha, Richard A. Yetter, and Benveniste Natan. 2018a. “Hypergolic Ignition of Hydrogen Peroxide/Gel Fuel Impinging Jets.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 34 (1): 182–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36571
• Conway, Rachel, and Aroh Barjatya. 2025. “Contamination Effects on Sweeping Langmuir Probes Onboard Sounding Rocket Flights: Understanding through Simulation.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 130 (8): e2025JA034058. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025ja034058
• Cooke, B. A., R. E. Griffiths, and A. F. Janes. 1973. “The Reduction of Cosmic-Ray Induced Background in Proportional Counter Rocket Experiments.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods 106 (1): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-554x(73)90058-x
• “Coronal Observations and Rocket Solar Ultraviolet Results.” 1965. Solar Energy 9 (1): 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(65)90201-x
• Cosyn, P., J. Vierendeels, and J. Anthoine. 2005. “Numerical Simulation of Aeroacoustic Phenomena in a Solid Rocket Booster.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 42 (1): 111–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.3579
• Cotton, D. M., and S. Chakrabarti. 1992. “Berkeley Extreme-Ultraviolet Airglow Rocket Spectrometer: BEARS.” Applied Optics 31 (27): 5852. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.31.005852
• Covert, Eugene E., and Milan Vlajinac. 1969. “An Aerodynamic Pitch-Roll Coupling in Spinning Vehicles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (6): 762–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29659
• Cowan, Robert D., and Kenneth G. Widing. 1973. “The Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Fe XV in a Solar Flare.” Astrophysical Journal 180: 285. https://doi.org/10.1086/151962
• Cowell, R. G. 1986. “Looping Post-Buckling Paths of an Axially Loaded Elastic Cylindrical Shell.” Dynamics and Stability of Systems 1 (2): 533–34. https://doi.org/10.1080/02681118608806009
• Cox, J. A. 1957. “Telemetering System for the X-17 Missile.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-3 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1957.6541495
• Crawford, K. 1998. “Development of a Low Cost Data Acquisition System for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Program.” In 17th DASC. AIAA/IEEE/SAE. Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.98CH36267). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.1998.739861
• Crocco, L. 1951. “Aspects of Combustion Stability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors Part I: Fundamentals. Low Frequency Instability with Monopropellants.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (6): 163–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4393
• Crocco, L. 1952. “Aspects of Combustion Stability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors Part II: Low Frequency Instability with Bipropellants. High Frequency Instability.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (1): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4410
• Crocco, Luigi. 1965. “Theoretical Studies on Liquid-Propellant Rocket Instability.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 10 (1): 1101–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(65)80249-1
• Crocco, Luigi, and Sin-I. Cheng. 1953. “High-Frequency Combustion Instability in Rocket Motor with Concentrated Combustion.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (5): 301–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4623
• Crocco, Luigi, Jerry Grey, and David T. Harrje. 1960. “Theory of Liquid PropelIant Rocket Combustion Instability and Its Experimental Verification.” ARS Journal 30 (2): 159–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5020
• Crocco, Luigi, Jerry Grey, and George B. Matthews. 1955. “Preliminary Measurements of the Combustion Time Lag in a Monopropellant Rocket Motor.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 5 (1): 164–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(55)80024-0
• Crocco, Luigi, David T. Harrje, and Frederick H. Reardon. 1962. “Transverse Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors.” ARS Journal 32 (3): 366–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.6022
• Croccolo, Fabrizio, Cédric Giraudet, Henri Bataller, Roberto Cerbino, and Alberto Vailati. 2016. “Shadowgraph Analysis of Non-Equilibrium Fluctuations for Measuring Transport Properties in Microgravity in the GRADFLEX Experiment.” Microgravity Science and Technology 28 (4): 467–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-016-9501-1
• Cross, Peter G., and Iain D. Boyd. 2018. “Reduced Reaction Mechanism for Rocket Nozzle Ablation Simulations.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 32 (2): 429–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t5291
• Crowe, C. T. 1967. “Drag Coefficient of Particles in a Rocket Nozzle.” AIAA Journal 5 (5): 1021–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4119
• Crowley, G., J. Schoendorf, R. G. Roble, and F. A. Marcos. 1996. “Neutral Density Cells in the Lower Thermosphere at High Latitudes.” Advances in Space Research 18 (3): 69–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00841-2
• Cui, Cunyan, Tengda Xin, Jiang Tong, and Ziteng Huang. 2023. “Characteristics of Probabilistic Risk Analysis Method and Application in Launch Site System.” In 2023 14th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety (ICRMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrms59672.2023.00234
• Cui, Lingkai, Jie Yang, Mengqing Tan, and Renhui Ding. 2025. “Development of a Sounding Temperature Sensor with Four Wires for Upper-Air Temperature Measurements.” Measurement 249: 117069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.117069
• Culhane, J. L. 1975. “X-Ray Astronomy.” Vistas in Astronomy 19: 1–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(75)90006-9
• Culick, F. E. C. 1963. “Stability of High-Frequency Pressure Oscillations in Rocket Combustion Chambers.” AIAA Journal 1 (5): 1097–1104. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1730
• Culick, F. E. C. 1970. “Stability of Longitudinal Oscillations with Pressure and Velocity Coupling in a Solid Propellant Rocket.” Combustion Science and Technology 2 (4): 179–201. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207008952247
• Culick, F. E. C. 1973. “The Stability of One-Dimensional Motions in a Rocket Motor.” Combustion Science and Technology 7 (4): 165–75. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207308952355
• Cumme, G. A., and E. A. Lauter. 1969. “Comparison of A3-Absorption Measurements at 1.f. and Rocket Measured D-Region Profiles.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 31 (6): 845–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(69)90162-7
• D’Amico, William P., William G. Beims, and Thomas H. Rogers. 1983. “Pressure Measurements of a Rotating Liquid for Impulsive Coning Motion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 20 (2): 99–100. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28363
• Dabanović, Andrija, Joël Martin, Stefan May, and Thino Eggers. 2022. “Design of a Sounding Rocket Upper Stage Based on the Hybrid Rocket Engine VISERION.” CEAS Space Journal 15 (3): 467–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-022-00451-2
• Dąbrowski, Adam, Karol Pelzner, Szymon Krawczuk, Jacek Goczkowski, and Agnieszka Elwertowska. 2020. “Preliminary Results from HEDGEHOG REXUS Project – a Sounding Rocket Experiment on Accelerations, Vibrations and Heat Flow.” Acta Astronautica 177: 80–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.016
• Dai, Junjie, Tianpeng Li, and Zhaolong Xuan. 2022. “Guided Filter-Based Edge Detection Algorithm for ICT Images of Solid Rocket Motor Propellant.” Electronics 11 (14): 2118. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11142118
• Daniels, P. 1967. “Fin Slots vs Roll Lock-in and Roll Speed-up.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (3): 410–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28878
• Daniels, Peter. 1970b. “A Study of the Nonlinear Rolling Motion of a Four-Finned Missile.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (4): 510–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29982
• Daniels, Peter, and Samuel R. Hardy. 1976. “Roll-Rate Stabilization of a Missile Configuration with Wrap-around Fins.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 13 (7): 446–48. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27918
• Danilov, A. D. 1997. “Long-Term Changes of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperature and Composition.” Advances in Space Research 20 (11): 2137–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00606-6
• Danowski, M. E., S. N. T. Heine, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, et al. 2016. “Vibration Isolation Design for the Micro-X Rocket Payload.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 184 (3–4): 597–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1580-2
• Darfilal, Djamal, Fatima Alhammadi, Abderrahim Nabi, et al. 2026. “Advancing Green Propulsion: Experimental Analysis of Dual-Mode Operation in a Hydrogen Peroxide Monopropellant Thruster.” Propulsion and Power Research 15 (1): 16–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2026.01.002
• Das, Debanjan, and P. Padmanabhan. 2022. “Study of Pressure Surge during Priming Phase of Start Transient in an Initially Unprimed Pump-Fed Liquid Rocket Engine.” Propulsion and Power Research 11 (3): 353–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2022.07.003
• Davidsen, A., S. Bowyer, M. Lampton, and R. Cruddace. 1975. “The Soft X-Ray Spectrum of the Perseus Cluster.” Astrophysical Journal 198. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750049929
• Davila, Joseph M., Roger J. Thomas, Jeffrey Brosius, and Arthur Poland. 1997. “The Structure of the Solar Corona as Observed by the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph.” Advances in Space Research 20 (12): 2293–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00904-6
• Daviller, Guillaume, Jérôme Dombard, Gabriel Staffelbach, Julien Herpe, and Didier Saucereau. 2020. “Prediction of Flow Separation and Side-Loads in Rocket Nozzle Using Large-Eddy Simulation.” International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 34 (7–8): 622–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2020.1786540
• Davis, Stephen M., and Nadir Yilmaz. 2014. “Advances in Hypergolic Propellants: Ignition, Hydrazine, and Hydrogen Peroxide Research.” Advances in Aerospace Engineering 2014: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/729313
• De Feiter, L. D. 1971. “On the Flux of Gamma Rays from Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 19 (1): 207–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00148835
• de Lucena, S. E., M. G. S. de Aquino, and A. Caporalli-Filho. 2005. “A Load Cell for Grain-Propelled Ballistic Rocket Thrust Measurement.” In 2005 IEEE Instrumentationand Measurement Technology Conference Proceedings, vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2005.1604475
• Dean, Leo E., and Lucian A. Shurley. 1958. “Analysis of Regenerative Cooling in Rocket Thrust Chambers.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 28 (2): 104–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.7243
• Deck, Sébastien. 2009. “Delayed Detached Eddy Simulation of the End-Effect Regime and Side-Loads in an Overexpanded Nozzle Flow.” Shock Waves 19 (3): 239–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0199-5
• “Decoding Solar Ultraviolet Radiations.” 1965. Solar Energy 9 (2): 106. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(65)90223-9
• Degaonkar, S. S., U. R. Rao, M. A. Abdu, R. M. Patel, and Banshidhar. 1970. “Rocket Borne Instrumentation for the Measurement of Electron Density—Height Profile in the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A 72 (5): 236–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03049744
• Del Zanna, G., Vanessa Polito, Jaroslav Dudík, Paola Testa, Helen E. Mason, and E. Dzifčáková. 2022. “Diagnostics of Non-Maxwellian Electron Distributions in Solar Active Regions from Fe Xii Lines Observed by the Hinode Extreme Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer and Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph.” Astrophysical Journal 930 (1): 61. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ac6174
• Delplanque, J.-P., and W. A. Sirignano. 1996. “Transcritical Liquid Oxygen Droplet Vaporization: Effect on Rocket Combustion Instability.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 12 (2): 349–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.24035
• DeLuca, Luigi T., and Adriano Annovazzi. 2024. “Survey of Burning Rate Measurements in Small Solid Rocket Motors.” FirePhysChem 4 (2): 146–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2023.11.004
• Dembrow, D. W., and E. F. Sorgnit. 1964. “Fin Temperature Measurements: Nike Cajun Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 1 (5): 559–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27698
• Demirkoz, M. B., A. Albarodi, U. Kilic, et al. 2021. “Design of a Space Radiation Monitor for a Sounding Rocket and Results from the First Turkish Sounding Rocket Flight.” In 2021 21th European Conference on Radiation and Its Effects on Components and Systems (RADECS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/radecs53308.2021.9954539
• Deng, Luojun, Li Ping, Changrui Chen, Weizong Wang, Guangchuan Zhang, and Yuxin Yang. 2025. “Numerical Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Injection Effect on the Combustion Characteristics of a Staged Combustion Aft-Injected Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 234: 429–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.05.013
• Denisenko, P. F., and V. V. Sotsky. 2023. “Methods for Correction of the Altitude Electron-Density Profiles of the IRI Model for the Bottomside Ionosphere from Satellite Sounding Data.” Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics 65 (9): 649–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11141-023-10246-y
• Dennis, Jacob D., Steven F. Son, and Timothée L. Pourpoint. 2015. “Critical Ignition Criteria for Monomethylhydrazine and Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 31 (4): 1184–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35541
• Dennis, Jacob D., Jared D. Willits, and Timothée L. Pourpoint. 2018. “Performance of Neat and Gelled Monomethylhydrazine and Red Fuming Nitric Acid in an unlike-Doublet Combustor.” Combustion Science and Technology 190 (7): 1141–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2018.1428571
• “Density Variations in the Upper Atmosphere from Data of Fluctuations in the Circling Time of Artificial Earth Satellites.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90192-1
• Der Kiureghian, Armen. 2001. “Risk Assessment of Satellite Launch with Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Reliability Engineering & System Safety 74 (3): 353–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0951-8320(01)00084-9
• Deslandres, H. 1900. “First Results of Investigations on the Observation of the Solar Corona without an Eclipse by Means of the Heat Rays.” Astrophysical Journal 12: 366. https://doi.org/10.1086/140780
• “Determination of Visibility Conditions of Space Rockets.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 254–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90211-2
• Devasia, Archana M., Simon R. Bandler, Kevin Ryu, Thomas R. Stevenson, and Wonsik Yoon. 2022. “Large-Scale Magnetic Microcalorimeter Arrays for the Lynx X-Ray Microcalorimeter.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 209 (3–4): 337–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-022-02767-z
• Dhandapani, Chandru, Guillaume Blanquart, Ashley C. Karp, Elizabeth T. Jens, and Jason Rabinovitch. 2023. “Combustion Studies of MMA/GOx for a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Combustion and Flame 256: 112994. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112994
• Di, Sihan, Zhuxuan Wang, Weiran Li, Nanjia Yu, and Hui Wang. 2026. “A DAE-Based Quasi-1-D Numerical Framework for Analysis of Regenerative Cooling Channel in Liquid Rocket Engines.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 177: 111459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111459
• Di Giovanni, G., and S. M. Radicella. 1990. “An Analytical Model of the Electron Density Profile in the Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 10 (11): 27–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90301-f
• Di Martino, Giuseppe D., Jonas Peichl, Fabian Hufgard, Christian Duernhofer, Stefan Loehle, and Johannes Göser. 2025. “Main Flight Data on Transpiration Cooled Sharp Edge Fins in Hypersonic Conditions on the Sounding Rocket HIFLIER.” Aerospace Science and Technology 158: 109895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109895
• Dias, Gabriel Silva, Fábio Antônio da Silva Mota, Lihan Fei, Mingyang Liu, Chenglong Tang, and Fernando de Souza Costa. 2024a. “Catalytically Promoted Green Fuel with Hydrogen Peroxide: Effect of Hypergolic Combustion on Atomization and Flow Characteristics Using Impinging Jets.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 40 (1–4): 105269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2024.105269
• Dias, Gabriel Silva, Fábio Antônio da Silva Mota, Lihan Fei, Chenglong Tang, and Fernando de Souza Costa. 2024b. “Gelled Hydrogen Peroxide: Hypergolic Reaction with Low Toxicity Fuel by Drop and Impinging Jets Tests.” Acta Astronautica 222: 471–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.06.022
• Dickinson, Robert E. 1984. “Infrared Radiative Cooling in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 46 (11): 995–1008. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(84)90006-0
• Dickinson, P. H. G., R. C. Bolden, and R. A. Young. 1974. “Measurement of Atomic Oxygen in the Lower Ionosphere Using a Rocket-Borne Resonance Lamp.” Nature 252 (5481): 289–91. https://doi.org/10.1038/252289a0
• Dickinson, P. H. G., J. E. Hall, and F. D. G. Bennett. 1976. “Rocket Measurements of Election Concentration in the Lower Ionosphere at Two European Locations.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 38 (2): 163–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(76)90125-2
• Dickson, Shannon, Michael Gausa, Scott Robertson, and Zoltan Sternovsky. 2013. “Channel Electron Multiplier Operated on a Sounding Rocket without a Cryogenic Vacuum Pump from 120 to 80km Altitude.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 95-96: 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2013.01.003
• Didebulidze, Goderdzi G., Giorgi Dalakishvili, Maya Todua, and Lekso Toriashvili. 2023. “The Role of Neutral Wind Velocity and Its Vertical Component on Predictability of Formation and Localization of Sporadic E (Es).” Atmosphere 14 (6): 1008. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14061008
• Dillon, Peter L. P., and Lloyd E. Line. 1956. “Heat Transfer between Solid Particles and Gas in a Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 26 (12): 1091–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.7199
• Dinesh, Mengu, and Rajiv Kumar. 2022b. “Effect of Protrusion on Combustion Stability of Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 47 (4): e202100067. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100067
• Ding-guo, Zhang, and Xiao Jian-qiang. 2005. “A Dynamic Model for Rocket Launcher with Coupled Rigid and Flexible Motion.” Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 26 (5): 609–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02466335
• Dixon, D. G., W. C. Carey, and J. A. M. McDonnell. 1984. “Contamination by Fibers on Space Shuttle Flight OSS-1 Microabrasion Foil Experiment.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 21 (4): 410–410. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25672
• Dneprov, I. V., and A. T. Ponomarev. 1986. “Mathematical Modeling of the Dynamics of Opening of an Axisymmetric Parachute.” Soviet Applied Mechanics 22 (9): 902–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00888900
• Dneprov, I. V., and A. T. Ponomarev. 1991. “The Influence of a Supporting Canopy on the Dynamics of Opening of a Parachute.” Journal of Soviet Mathematics 57 (5): 3367–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01880195
• Dobson, G. M. B. 1946. “The Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Weather 1 (2): 58–59. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1477-8696.1946.tb00031.x
• Doherr, Karl-Friedrich. 1995. “Stable Cross-Type Parachute with Inflation Aid.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (4): 894–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46812
• Doherr, Karl-Friedrich, and Hartmut Schilling. 1992. “Nine-Degree-of-Freedom Simulation of Rotating Parachute Systems.” Journal of Aircraft 29 (5): 774–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46245
• Dolgopolov, S., O. Cherniavskyi, and S. Shevchenko. 2025. “Mathematical Modeling of Dynamic Processes in the Branched Reconfigurable Fuel Feed System of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” CEAS Space Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-025-00691-y
• Domashenko, A. M. 2005. “Heat Exchange When a Leak Occurs into the Insulating Space of a Cryogenic Tank.” Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 41 (5–6): 312–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10556-005-0109-3
• Dombrowski, M. P., J. LaBelle, D. E. Rowland, R. F. Pfaff, and C. A. Klenzing. 2012. “Interpretation of Vector Electric Field Measurements of Bursty Langmuir Waves in the Cusp.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 117 (A2). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180007676
• Donahue, Benjamin B. 2004. “Beating the Rocket Equation: Air Launch with Advanced Chemical Propulsion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41 (2): 302–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.9200
• Donahue, T. M., J. E. Blamont, and M. L. Lory. 1961. “The Influence of Resonance Absorption in the Sodium Layer on Temperature and Density Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 185–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90180-5
• Donahue, Benjamin B., Vincent A. Weldon, and Stephen W. Paris. 2008. “Low Recurring Cost, Partially Reusable Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 45 (1): 90–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.29313
• Donnelly, R. F., and L. A. Hall. 1973. “Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Solar Flare of 2114 UT March 27, 1967.” Solar Physics 31 (2): 411–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00152817
• Doornbos, Eelco, Heiner Klinkrad, and Pieter Visser. 2008. “Use of Two-Line Element Data for Thermosphere Neutral Density Model Calibration.” Advances in Space Research 41 (7): 1115–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2006.12.025
• Dorling, E. B. 1957. “British High Altitude Rocket Research Program.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 27 (3): 289–289. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.12732
• dos Santos, Pedro, and Paulo Oliveira. 2023. “ADCS Design for a Sounding Rocket with Thrust Vectoring.” Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 102 (3): 257–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42496-023-00161-w
• Doschek, G. A., J. F. Meekins, R. W. Kreplin, T. A. Chubb, and H. Friedman. 1971. “Heliumlike Calcium Emission Observed during a Solar Flare.” Astrophysical Journal 164: 165. https://doi.org/10.1086/150827
• Dotson, K. W., J. M. Womack, and P. J. Grosserode. 2001. “Structural Dynamic Analysis of Solid Rocket Motor Resonant Burning.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 17 (2): 347–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5748
• Dove, Michael F. A., Norman Logan, Jeremy P. Mauger, Barry D. Allan, Ramona E. Arndt, and Clark W. Hawk. 1996. “Aluminum Alloy Compatibility with Gelled Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 12 (3): 585–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.24073
• Dowd, Douglas L., and B. D. Tapley. 1979. “Density Models for the Upper Atmosphere.” Celestial Mechanics 20 (3): 271–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01371367
• Driscoll, J. F. 1986. “Aerothermodynamics of Gas Turbine and Rocket Propulsion.” Combustion and Flame 66 (1): 93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(86)90038-6
• Drobzhev, V. I., G. I. Gordienko, and S. N. Mukasheva. 2004. “Ionosphere Disturbances during Rocket Launches at Baikonur (Kazakhstan).” Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 67 (4–5): 433–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2004.06.020
• Du, Yujian, Weiliang He, Yi Feng, Wenying Zeng, and Mengqun Liu. 2026. “Dynamic Analysis and Optimization Design of Ignition Attitude for an Internally Carried Air-Launch Rocket.” Acta Astronautica 238: 351–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.08.039
• Du, Dahua, Erming He, Daoqiong Huang, and Guangxu Wang. 2018. “Intense Vibration Mechanism Analysis and Vibration Control Technology for the Combustion Chamber of a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 437: 53–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.08.023
• Du, Tao, Tong Qin, Dong Li, et al. 2025. “Lifecycle Cost Estimation and Critical Parameters Analysis for Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Advances in Astronautics 8 (2): 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-025-00187-1
• Duan, Yadan, Hechao Chen, Zhenyong Hou, Zheng Sun, and Yuandeng Shen. 2025. “Ubiquitous Small-Scale Extreme-Ultraviolet Upflow-like Events above Network Regions Observed by the Solar Orbiter/Extreme Ultraviolet Imager.” Astrophysical Journal 979 (2): 195. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada556
• Duff, James W., Steven C. Richtsmeier, Lawrence S. Bernstein, Hsiao Hua K. Burke, and Maryanne Pietrzyk. 1993. “Analysis of HAVE SLED II Flight Test Water Outgassing.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 30 (6): 755–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26382
• Dumas, Benoit, Olivier Jobin, William Kaprolat, Joanna Zahlawi, and Etienne Robert. 2023. “Ignition Delay and Performance of Sorbitol Based Hypergolic Hybrid Fuels.” Fuel 349: 128417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.128417
• Duncan, L. D., and B. F. Engebos. 1970. “Computing Wind Compensated Launcher Settings for Unguided Rockets.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (4): 502–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29979
• Duncan, C. H., R. C. Willson, J. M. Kendall, R. G. Harrison, and J. R. Hickey. 1982. “Latest Rocket Measurements of the Solar Constant.” Solar Energy 28 (5): 385–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(82)90256-0
• Dunfee, D. D., and G. K. Oss. 1967b. “A Frangible Sounding Rocket Vehicle Design.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (6): 823–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28970
• Dunlap, Roger. 1969. “An Investigation of the Swirling Flow in a Spinning End-Burning Rocket.” AIAA Journal 7 (12): 2293–2300. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5530
• Dunn, C., G. Gustafson, J. Edwards, T. Dunbrack, and C. Johansen. 2018. “Spatially and Temporally Resolved Regression Rate Measurements for the Combustion of Paraffin Wax for Hybrid Rocket Motor Applications.” Aerospace Science and Technology 72: 371–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.11.024
• Dupree, A. K. 1972. “Analysis of the Extreme-Ultraviolet Quiet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 178: 527. https://doi.org/10.1086/151813
• Durand, E., J. J. Oberly, and R. Tousey. 1949. “Analysis of the First Rocket Ultraviolet Solar Spectra.” Astrophysical Journal 109: 1. https://doi.org/10.1086/145099
• Durgapal, U. C., and A. K. Chakrabartt. 1974. “Regression Rate Studies of Aniline Formaldehyde-Red Fuming Nitric Acid Hybrid System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 11 (6): 447–48. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62102
• Dwivedi, Bhola, Anita Mohan, and Roger Thomas. 1998. “Spectral Diagnostics of an Active Region Observed by the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS).” Solar Physics 180 (1–2): 157–78. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005077001491
• Dwork, M. 1963. “Coning Effects Caused by Separation of Spin-Stabilized Stages.” AIAA Journal 1 (11): 2639–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2131
• “Dynamic Real-Time Radiography of Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors during Static Firing.” 1989. NDT International 22 (2): 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0308-9126(89)90911-5
• Ebel, A. 1980. “Eddy Diffusion Models for the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 42 (7): 617–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(80)90096-3
• Ebel, A., H. Hass, and H. J. Jakobs. 1992. “Planetary Wave Dynamics in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 12 (10): 17–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90440-9
• Ebert, K., R. Metzger, and A. Pohl. 1987. “Dynamic Effects of Liquids on Spin Stabilized Spacecraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20 (5): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55188-5
• Ebrahimi, R., K. Mazaheri, and A. Ghafourian. 2000. “Mode Identification of High-Amplitude Pressure Waves in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 229 (4): 973–91. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1999.2518
• Eggers, Alfred J., and Thomas J. Wong. 1961. “Motion and Heating of Lifting Vehicles during Atmosphere Entry.” ARS Journal 31 (10): 1364–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5802
• EI Naschie, M. S. 1976. “Initial and Post Buckling of Axially Compressed Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 14 (10): 1502–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.7247
• El Naschie, M. S. 1975. “Localized Diamond-Shaped Buckling Patterns of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 13 (6): 837–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60451
• El’Iasberg, P. E., and V. D. Yastrebov. 1961. “Upper Atmosphere Density Determination, Based on Flight Observations of the Third Soviet Artificial Earth Satellite.” ARS Journal 31 (5): 706–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5601
• El-Nady, A. M., M. Y. M. Ahmed, M. A. El-Senbawy, and A. M. Sarhan. 2017a. “Experimental Investigation of Dual-Thrust Rocket Motor with Intermediate Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 33 (5): 1285–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36233
• El-Nady, A. M., A. M. Sarhan, M. A. El-Senbawy, and M. Y. M. Ahmed. 2017b. “Theoretical Analysis of Dual-Thrust Rocket Motors with Intermediate Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 33 (2): 531–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36123
• Elias, I., and Robert Gordon. 1952. “Longitudinal Vibrations of Gas at Ambient Pressure in a Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (5): 263–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4489
• Ellerton, G. C. 1946. “Effect of Sun’s Heat on Space Rockets.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (68): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4114
• Ellis, Herbert, Irving Odgers, A. J. Stosick, N. Van de Verg, and Robert S. Wick. 1953. “Experimental Investigation of Combustion Instability in Rocket Motors.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 4 (1): 880–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(53)80112-8
• Elzein, Bachar, Olivier Jobin, and Etienne Robert. 2021. “Reducing the Ignition Delay of Hypergolic Hybrid Rocket Fuels.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 37 (1): 77–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37918
• Eramya, Allen, Jason Cline, Matthew Braunstein, and Sergey Gimelshein. 2008. “Transient Modeling of High-Altitude Rocket-Stage Separation.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 45 (4): 698–705. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.34784
• Esposito, Salvatore, Domenic D’Ambrosio, Giuseppe Vecchi, and Andrea Scarabosio. 2023. “Plasma Effects on Electromagnetic Wave Scattering in Suborbital Hypersonic Flight.” In 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Technologies for Defense and Security (TechDefense). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/techdefense59795.2023.10380861
• Estey, Paul N., David H. Lewis, and Maureen Connor. 1983. “Prediction of a Propellant Tank Pressure History Using State Space Methods.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 20 (1): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28355
• Eun, Hee-Kwang, and Jae-Hung Han. 2022. “Multiple-Input/Multiple-Output Random Vibration Control for Simulating a Horizontal Direction Launch Environment.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59 (5): 1763–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35303
• Evans, J. 1971. “The Upper Atmosphere Observatory.” In 1971 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.1971.1150997
• Evans, W. F. J., C. I. Lin, and C. L. Midwinter. 1976. “The Altitude Distribution of Nitric Acid at Churchill.” Atmosphere 14 (3): 172–79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00046973.1976.9648413
• Evkin, A. 2021. “Analytical Model of Local Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Thin-Walled Structures 168: 108261. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.108261
• Evkin, A., V. Krasovsky, O. Lykhachova, and V. Marchenko. 2019. “Local Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with Different Boundary Conditions.” Thin-Walled Structures 141: 374–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.04.039
• Evkin, A., and O. Lykhachova. 2021. “Energy Barrier Method for Estimation of Design Buckling Load of Axially Compressed Elasto-Plastic Cylindrical Shells.” Thin-Walled Structures 161: 107454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107454
• “The Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Sun.” 1965. Solar Energy 9 (1): 71. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(65)90195-7
• Eyer, A., H. Leiste, and R. Nitsche. 1985. “Floating Zone Growth of Silicon under Microgravity in a Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Crystal Growth 71 (1): 173–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(85)90059-4
• Ezquerro, J. M., A. Bello, P. Salgado Sánchez, A. Laveron-Simavilla, and V. Lapuerta. 2019. “The Thermocapillary Effects in Phase Change Materials in Microgravity Experiment: Design, Preparation and Execution of a Parabolic Flight Experiment.” Acta Astronautica 162: 185–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.06.004
• Fabian, A. C., and P. W. Sanford. 1971. “Rocket Observations and the Cosmic X-Ray Background.” Nature Physical Science 231 (20): 52–53. https://doi.org/10.1038/physci231052a0
• Fan, Haigui. 2019. “Critical Buckling Load Prediction of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell Based on Non-Destructive Probing Method.” Thin-Walled Structures 139: 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.02.034
• Fan, Xiaoshuai, Xibin Bai, Zhenyu Jiang, Longbin Liu, and Shifeng Zhang. 2021b. “Design and Verification of Attitude Control System for a Boost-Glide Rocket.” IEEE Access 9: 136360–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3117704
• Fan, Chien, Clifford Gee, and Michael C. Fong. 1994. “Monte Carlo Simulation for Backscatter of Outgassing Molecules from Simple Spacecraft Surfaces.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 31 (4): 649–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26491
• Fan, Wenhui, and Fengquan Zhong. 2022. “Experimental Study on Flow and Heat Transfer of Al-Kerosene Nanofuels for Regenerative Cooling Application.” Experimental Heat Transfer 37 (3): 233–45. https://doi.org/10.1080/08916152.2022.2121875
• Fareghi-Alamdari, Reza, Narges Zohari, and Nasser Sheibani. 2019. “Reliable Evaluation of Ignition Delay Time of Imidazolium Ionic Liquids as Green Hypergolic Propellants by a Novel Theoretical Approach.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 44 (9): 1147–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201800343
• Farrow, K. L. 1965. “Multiple Rocket Firing Unit for Altitude Testing.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 2 (1): 119–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28140
• Farvin, M. A., and John Peddieson. 1988. “Mathematical Modeling of Liquid-Rocket Combustion Instability.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 11: 570–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(88)90557-2
• Fateih, S. 1992. “Telemetry Package for Super Loki Sounding Rocket.” In IEEE PLANS 92 Position Location and Navigation Symposium Record. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.1992.185914
• Faucher-Giguère, Claude-André. 2020. “A Cosmic UV/X-Ray Background Model Update.” Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493 (2): 1614–32. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa302
• Faurobert, M., A. Skumanich, and H. Frisch. 1988. “A Model for the Penetration of Lyman Alpha in the Solar Chromosphere.” Astrophysical Journal 328: 856. https://doi.org/10.1086/166343
• Faust, Heinrich. 1960. “Zu den Temperaturmessergebnissen des «Rocket Grenade»-Unternehmens.” Geofisica pura e applicata 47 (1): 183–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01992494
• Favier, J. J., J. P. Garandet, A. Rouzaud, and D. Camel. 1994. “Mass Transport Phenomena during Solidification in Microgravity; Preliminary Results of the First Mephisto Flight Experiment.” Journal of Crystal Growth 140 (1–2): 237–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0248(94)90517-7
• Fayock, B., G. P. Zank, and J. Heerikhuisen. 2013b. “Comparison Ofpioneer 10,VOYAGER 1, Andvoyager 2ULTRAVIOLET Observations with Anti-Solar Lyman-Alpha Backscatter Simulations.” Astrophysical Journal 775 (1): L4. https://doi.org/10.1088/2041-8205/775/1/l4
• Fedele, Alberto, and Stefano Mungiguerra. 2018. “Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Activities for a Suborbital Flight Test of a Deployable Heat Shield Capsule.” Acta Astronautica 151: 324–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.05.044
• Fedorenko, A. K., E. I. Kryuchkov, O. K. Cheremnykh, and Y. A. Selivanov. 2021. “Dissipation of Acoustic–gravity Waves in the Earth’s Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 212: 105488. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2020.105488
• Fedorov, A. V., I. A. Bedarev, S. A. Lavruk, V. I. Trushlyakov, and V. Yu. Kudentsov. 2018. “Determination of the Flow Field in the Propellant Tank of a Rocket Engine on Completion of the Mission.” Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 91 (2): 324–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-018-1752-9
• Feit, Julius. 1973. “The Continuous Emission of Low Energy Cosmic Rays during Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 29 (1): 211–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00153450
• Felicetti, Leonard, Fabrizio Piergentili, and Fabio Santoni. 2014. “Thermosphere Density and Wind Measurements in the Equatorial Region Using a Constellation of Drag Balance Nanospacecraft.” Advances in Space Research 54 (3): 546–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2013.09.008
• Felicetti, Leonard, and Fabio Santoni. 2014. “Drag Balance Cubesat Attitude Motion Effects on in-Situ Thermosphere Density Measurements.” Advances in Space Research 54 (3): 489–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2013.11.008
• Feng, Yufei, Xianyong Bai, Sifan Guo, et al. 2024. “Optical Optimization of a Multi-Slit Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph for Global Solar Corona Diagnostics.” Experimental Astronomy 58 (3): 13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-024-09961-9
• Feng, Zhigang, and Qi Wang. 2007. “Research on Health Evaluation System of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Ground-Testing Bed Based on Fuzzy Theory.” Acta Astronautica 61 (10): 840–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.071
• Ferl, Robert J., Hunter F. Strickland, Jordan B. Callaham, et al. 2026. “Suborbital Spaceflight Reveals Rapid Changes in Gene Expression Accompanying the Transition to and from Space.” npj Microgravity 12 (1): 86. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-026-00645-6
• Fernandes, S., E. V. Korsukova, C. D. Ellis, S. Ambrose, and C. N. Eastwick. 2026. “A CFD Comparison of Interfacial Phase Change Models for Boil-off, Self-Pressurisation and Thermal Stratification in Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tanks.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 256: 128067. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.128067
• Fernandez, J., P. Salgado Sánchez, I. Tinao, J. Porter, and J. M. Ezquerro. 2017. “The CFVib Experiment: Control of Fluids in Microgravity with Vibrations.” Microgravity Science and Technology 29 (5): 351–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-017-9556-7
• Ferraiuolo, Michele, Vincenzo Russo, and Kambiz Vafai. 2016. “A Comparative Study of Refined and Simplified Thermo-Viscoplastic Modeling of a Thrust Chamber with Regenerative Cooling.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 78: 155–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2016.09.003
• Ferrero, Andrea, and Dario Pastrone. 2019. “Plasma Actuator–Assisted Rocket Nozzle for Improved Launcher Performance.” AIAA Journal 57 (4): 1348–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j057956
• Fialho, Marcio A. A., and Daniele Mortari. 2019. “Theoretical Limits of Star Sensor Accuracy.” Sensors 19 (24): 5355. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19245355
• Fields, Travis D., and Oleg A. Yakimenko. 2017. “The Use of a Steerable Single-Actuator Cruciform Parachute for Targeted Payload Return.” In 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943787
• Filho, P. C. Ribeiro, A. F. Tinoco-S., D. C. Nascimento, and J. C. da S. Lacava. 2013. “Flush-Mounted Telemetry Antenna Design for a Sounding Rocket Competition.” In 2013 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium (APSURSI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.2013.6711745
• Filimonov, V. I. 1968. “Investigation of Instability of Combustion in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” Soviet Applied Mechanics 4 (9): 80–81. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00895855
• Finzi, A. 1964. “Neutron Stars as a Possible Source of X-Rays from outside the Solar System.” Astrophysical Journal 139: 1398. https://doi.org/10.1086/147884
• Fiore, Matteo, Francesco Nasuti, Marco Pizzarelli, and Nicola Ierardo. 2025. “Homogeneous Equilibrium Modeling for Subcritical Flows in Liquid Rocket Engine Cooling Systems.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 39 (1): 53–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t6919
• Fishel, K. 1979. “The Solid Rocket Booster Dewatering Set.” In OCEANS ‘79. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1979.1151225
• Fishel, Kenneth R. 1982. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Dewatering System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 19 (4): 371–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62267
• “The Flight of Rocket No. 4: 600 Mile an Hour Speed Attained by Multi-Nozzle Tandem Tank Rocket.” 1934. Astronautics 4 (30): 1–2. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10118
• Folkestad, K., B. Landmark, G. Slovli, and J. A. Kane. 1969. “Results of Rocket Measurements in the Lower Auroral Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 31 (6): 835–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(69)90161-5
• Fominov, O. S., and A. V. Tcema. 1995. “The Generation of DC and AC Electric Fields, and Electron Fluxes in a Rocket Experiment with Barium Injection in the Auroral Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 15 (12): 135–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00032-a
• Fontenla, J., E. J. Reichmann, and E. Tandberg-Hanssen. 1988. “The Lyman-Alpha Line in Various Solar Features. I: Observations.” Astrophysical Journal 329: 464. https://doi.org/10.1086/166392
• Fontenla, Juan Manuel, and Marta Rovira. 1983. “The Lyman Alpha Line in Solar Prominences.” Solar Physics 85 (1): 141–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00148265
• Fontenot, John E. 1965. “Thermal Radiation from Solid Rocket Plumes at High Altitude.” AIAA Journal 3 (5): 970–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3033
• Forde, Scott, Mel Bulman, and Todd Neill. 2006. “Thrust Augmentation Nozzle (TAN) Concept for Rocket Engine Booster Applications.” Acta Astronautica 59 (1–5): 271–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.052
• Fouladi, Nematollah, Sina Afkhami, and Mahmoud Pasandideh Fard. 2023. “Experimental and Comprehensive Investigation of Second Throat Diffuser Area Effect on Ground Test of a Thrust Optimized Parabolic Nozzle with Different Expansion Ratios.” Acta Astronautica 209: 146–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.05.004
• Fragola, J., J. D. Baum, D. Sauvageau, and S. J. Horowitz. 2006. “Reliability and Crew Safety Assessment for a Solid Rocket booster/J-2S Launcher.” In RAMS ‘06. Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium, 2006.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rams.2006.1677430
• France, L. A., and E. R. Williams. 1976. “An Improved Faraday Rotation Experiment for Rocket Measurement of Lower Ionosphere Electron Concentrations.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 38 (9–10): 957–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(76)90078-7
• Franzoni, Felipe, Falk Odermann, Dirk Wilckens, et al. 2019. “Assessing the Axial Buckling Load of a Pressurized Orthotropic Cylindrical Shell through Vibration Correlation Technique.” Thin-Walled Structures 137: 353–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.01.009
• French, Kenneth E. 1963. “Inflation of a Parachute.” AIAA Journal 1 (11): 2615–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2113
• French, Kenneth E. 1964. “Model Law for Parachute Opening Shock.” AIAA Journal 2 (12): 2226–28. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2778
• French, Kenneth E. 1967. “Comment on ‘a Method for Calculating Parachute Opening Forces for General Deployment Conditions’.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (10): 1407–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59571
• French, Kenneth E. 1969a. “Dimensionless Products of Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (10): 1199–1200. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29792
• French, Kenneth E. 1969b. “Initial Phase of Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (4): 376–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44070
• French, Kenneth E. 1971. “Parachute Critical Opening Velocity.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (8): 675–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44290
• Friedman, Herbert. 1959a. “Rocket Astronomy.” Scientific American 200 (6): 52–59. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0659-52
• Friedman, Herbert. 1959b. “Rocket Observations of the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 47 (2): 272–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1959.287294
• Friedrich, M., G. Egger, and K. M. Torkar. 2006. “First Results of the Polar Cap Ionosphere Based on EISCAT Svalbard and Heiss Island Rocket Data.” Advances in Space Research 37 (5): 1097–1101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.01.033
• Friedrich, M., M. Harrich, K. M. Torkar, and S. Kirkwood. 2004. “The Disturbed Auroral Ionosphere Based on EISCAT and Rocket Data.” Advances in Space Research 33 (6): 949–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2003.08.007
• Friedrich, M., W. Riedler, K. M. Torkar, et al. 1988. “Potential Observations of an Electron-Emitting Rocket Payload.” Advances in Space Research 8 (1): 193–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90362-6
• Frieler, T., and R. Groll. 2023. “Micro-Nozzle Flow and Thrust Prediction with High-Density Ratio Using DSMC Selection Limiter.” Frontiers in Space Technologies 4: 1114188. https://doi.org/10.3389/frspt.2023.1114188
• Frye, W. E. 1951. “On the Accuracy of the Long-Range Ballistic Rocket.” Journal of Applied Physics 22 (5): 585–89. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1700011
• Fu, Rubin, Jianxin Hu, Linsong Gao, et al. 2026a. “Heat-Flux-Driven Bidirectional-Gradient Lattice-Core Regenerative Cooling Channel for Laval-Nozzle Throat Hotspot Suppression: Parametric Design and Thermohydraulic Performance.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 179: 112280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.112280
• Fu, K.-H., and R. Koch. 1977. “Altitude Loss of Parachute-Load Systems Using Chstesed Parachutes.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (1): 3–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58745
• Fu, Rubin, Xun Miao, Linsong Gao, et al. 2026b. “Numerical Study of Flow and Heat-Transfer Enhancement in Lattice-Core Regenerative Cooling Channels for Liquid Rocket Engines.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 175: 111069. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111069
• Fu, Debin, Ao Sun, and Qinglin Niu. 2024. “Noise Suppression of Infrared Thermal Imaging of Rocket Exhaust Plume Using SPOD.” Frontiers in Physics 12: 1492793. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphy.2024.1492793
• Fu, Juan, Bengt Sunden, and Xiaoqian Chen. 2014. “Influence of Wall Ribs on the Thermal Stratification and Self-Pressurization in a Cryogenic Liquid Tank.” Applied Thermal Engineering 73 (2): 1421–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2014.05.086
• Fugett, Daniel, Carlos Soares, Anthony Wong, John Anderson, Valentina Ricchiuti, and William Hoey. 2022. “Contamination Control Approach to Mitigating Radiation Induced Outgassing on Europa Clipper.” In 2022 IEEE Aerospace Conference (AERO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero53065.2022.9843223
• Fuhrmann, Eckart, and Michael Dreyer. 2008. “Description of the Sounding Rocket Experiment—SOURCE.” Microgravity Science and Technology 20 (3–4): 205–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-008-9017-4
• Fujii, Keisuke, Shigeya Watanabe, Takuji Kurotaki, and Masao Shirouzu. 2001. “Aerodynamic Heating Measurements on Nose and Elevon of Hypersonic Flight Experiment Vehicle.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 38 (1): 8–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3665
• Fujiwhara, S. 1911. “On the Anomalous Propagation of Sound Rays in the Atmosphere.” Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan. Ser. I 30 (8): 152-205_1. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj1882.30.8_152
• Fukada, Y., S. Hayakawa, M. Ikeda, I. Kasahara, F. Makino, and Y. Tanaka. 1975. “Rocket Observation of Energy Spectrum of Diffuse Hard X-Rays.” Astrophysics and Space Science 32 (1): L1-L5. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00646232
• Fukushima, Seiji, Hikari Yamashita, Tessho Horikawa, and Hiroshi Katanoda. 2024. “Development and Demonstration of a Dummy Cube Satellite as a Payload of a Small Hybrid Rocket.” In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Communication, Networks and Satellite (COMNETSAT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/comnetsat63286.2024.10861957
• Gabriel, A. H. 1971. “Measurements on the Lyman Alpha Corona.” Solar Physics 21 (2): 392–400. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154290
• Galeazzi, M., M. R. Collier, T. Cravens, et al. 2012. “Solar Wind Charge Exchange and Local Hot Bubble X-Ray Emission with the DXL Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Astronomische Nachrichten 333 (4): 383–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.201211665
• Gallo, Giuseppe, Mai Fukada, Sho Suzuki, and Harunori Nagata. 2024a. “Phenomenological Regression Rate Model in Axial Injection End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Using Different Oxidizers.” Combustion and Flame 263: 113409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113409
• Gallo, Giuseppe, Landon Kamps, Shota Hirai, Carmine Carmicino, and Nagata Harunori. 2024b. “Prediction of the Fuel Regression-Rate in a HDPE Single Port Hybrid Rocket Fed by Liquid Nitrous Oxide.” Combustion and Flame 259: 113160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.113160
• Gamble, A. E., and P. N. Jenkins. 2000. “Low Cost Guidance for the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) Artillery Rocket.” In IEEE 2000. Position Location and Navigation Symposium (Cat. No.00CH37062). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/plans.2000.838302
• Gamble, A. E., and P. N. Jenkins. 2001. “Low Cost Guidance for the Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS) Artillery Rocket.” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 16 (1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/62.894176
• Gambrell, S. C. 1995. “Photostress Analysis of the Lower Weld of an Aft Skirt of a Solid Rocket Booster.” Experimental Techniques 19 (4): 13–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-1567.1995.tb00864.x
• Gândara, T., V. Costa, and J. Dias. 2025. “A Novel Heat Transfer Modeling Methodology for Regenerative Cooling in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 73: 106623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2025.106623
• Gany, Alon, Leonard H. Caveny, and Martin Summerfield. 1978. “Aluminized Solid Propellants Burning in a Rocket Motor Flowfield.” AIAA Journal 16 (7): 736–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60959
• Gao, Lihua, and Song Fu. 2012. “Intermittent Gas Resonance in Stage Separation Flow Field of Multistage Rocket.” Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 6 (2): 163–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2012.11015411
• Gao, Yonggang, Yang Liu, and Dong Ma. 2022a. “Effect of Operation Pressure on Heat Release Characteristics in Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Considering Detailed Chemical Reaction Mechanism.” Aerospace Science and Technology 128: 107794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107794
• Gao, Yushan, Bingbing Zhang, Jinbo Cheng, Jingxuan Li, and Qingfei Fu. 2022b. “Influence of Flow Rate Distribution on Combustion Instability of Hypergolic Propellant.” Aerospace 9 (10): 543. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100543
• Gao, Xing-Long, Qing-Bin Zhang, and Qian-Gang Tang. 2013. “Reliability Assessment of Slot-Parachute Inflation Based on Bayes Theory.” Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 84 (6): 1159–72. https://doi.org/10.1080/00949655.2013.810218
• Gao, Xinglong, Qingbin Zhang, and Qiangang Tang. 2016a. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Parachute Finite Mass Inflation.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2016: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/1438727
• Gao, Xinglong, Qingbin Zhang, and Qiangang Tang. 2016b. “Numerical Modelling of Mars Supersonic Disk-Gap-Band Parachute Inflation.” Advances in Space Research 57 (11): 2259–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2016.03.010
• García, Francisco, Maximilian Nürmberger, Raúl Torres, and Juny Crespo. 2018. “ARION 1 Reusable Sounding Rocket: The New Microgravity Platform in Europe.” Advances in Astronautics Science and Technology 1 (1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-018-0003-7
• Garcia, Raphael F., Zimo R. Sibbing, and Adriaen Van Camp. 2019. “Can We Estimate Air Density of the Thermosphere with CubeSats?” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 56 (4): 1084–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34324
• Garcia, Cesar A., Paola Suárez-Meade, Mieu Brooks, et al. 2023. “Behavior of Glioblastoma Brain Tumor Stem Cells Following a Suborbital Rocket Flight: Reaching the “Edge” of Outer Space.” npj Microgravity 9 (1): 92. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-023-00341-9
• Garrett, D. L., J. D. Purcell, and R. Tousey. 1962. “High-Resolution Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum Extending to 2200 A.” Astronomical Journal 67: 115. https://doi.org/10.1086/108628
• Gee, Ken, and Donovan Mathias. 2008. “Assessment of Launch Vehicle Debris Risk during Ascent Aborts.” In 2008 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rams.2008.4925772
• Genot, Aurelien. 2021. “Aluminum Combustion Instabilities: Dimensionless Numbers Controlling the Instability in Solid Rocket Motors.” Combustion and Flame 232: 111563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111563
• Gente, Julia, Marc Hirth, Sven Weikert, et al. 2024. “Design of an Autonomous Flight Termination System for an International Market with Heterogeneous Regulations.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 11 (1): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2024.01.003
• Gerasimato, F. G. 1991. “A Simplified Method of Computing the Process of Opening of a Parachute.” Journal of Soviet Mathematics 57 (5): 3381–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01097706
• “The German Long Range Rocket.” 1945. Royal United Services Institution. Journal 90 (557): 65–67. https://doi.org/10.1080/03071844509423936
• Gibbons, J., and A. Waynick. 1959. “The Normal D Region of the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 47 (2): 160–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1959.287261
• Gielda, Thomas P., T. Mark Walter, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 1994. “Single Stage Rocket Performance: Prediction and Test.” International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 2 (2): 83–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618569408904485
• Gilbert, Andrew, Bryan Mesmer, and Michael Watson. 2016. “Exergy Based Optimization of Rocket System Staging Times.” In 2016 Annual IEEE Systems Conference (SysCon). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/syscon.2016.7490611
• Giles, A., and C. Whitford. 1980. “Data Compression Techniques for a Sounding Rocket PCM Telemetry System.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-16 (3): 288–93. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.1980.308898
• Gill, G. S., E. F. Eckel, F. A. Williams, and S. S. Penner. 1958. “Determination of Rocket Motor Combustion Parameters by Means of a Diverging Reactor.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 7 (1): 712–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(58)80113-7
• Gillis, C. L. 1969. “Deployable Aerodynamic Decelerators for Space Missions.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (8): 885–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29722
• Gingerich, Owen, and John C. Rich. 1968. “The Far Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Sun.” Solar Physics 3 (1): 82–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154245
• Giono, Gabriel, Nickolay Ivchenko, Tima Sergienko, and Urban Brändström. 2021. “Multi-Point Measurements of the Plasma Properties inside an Aurora from the SPIDER Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 126 (7): e2021JA029204. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja029204
• Girard, Donald D. 1986. “Nonlinear Flutter Analysis of a Missile Fin/Actuator.” In 1986 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1986.4789104
• Girdhar, H. L., and S. F. Ahmad. 1977. “Combustion of Aniline–Formaldehyde/Potassium Perchlorate Composite Propellant.” Combustion Science and Technology 17 (1–2): 83–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209708946817
• Glassford, A. P. M. 1970. “Outgassing Behavior of Multilayer Insulation Materials.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (12): 1464–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30193
• Glivin, Godwin, and V. Sreeja. 2019. “Development of Hydrogen Peroxide Based Propellant Systems for Increasing Energy Efficiency.” In 2019 International Conference on Recent Advances in Energy-efficient Computing and Communication (ICRAECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icraecc43874.2019.8995108
• Gobbi, D., H. Takahashi, B. R. Clemesha, and P. P. Batista. 1992. “Equatorial Atomic Oxygen Profiles Derived from Rocket Observations of OI 557.7 Nm Airglow Emission.” Planetary and Space Science 40 (6): 775–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(92)90106-x
• Godai, Tomifumi. 1987. “H-II Rocket: New Japanese Launch Vehicle in the 1990s.” Endeavour 11 (3): 116–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(87)90198-0
• Goh, Shu Ting, Chris E. Passerello, and Ossama Abdelkhalik. 2010. “Spacecraft Relative Attitude Determination.” In 2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2010.5446994
• Gokhale, G. S., A. S. Rao, and R. P. Thatte. 1949. “Measurement of High Altitude Vertical Cosmic Ray Intensity, at New Delhi, India, 19° North, Geomagnetic Latitude.” Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences - Section A 30 (4): 184–204. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03049184
• Goldbaum, G. C., and J. F. White. 1961. “Effects of Vehicle Cost on Design and Sizing of Multi-Stage Rockets.” Planetary and Space Science 4: 242–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90135-0
• Goldberg, Louis M. 1967b. “Application of Parameter Management to Roll Rate Control in the Ballistic Missile Target System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (9): 1243–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29059
• Goldberg, R. A. 1969. “A Review of the Theories Concerning the Equatorial F2 Region Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IEEE 57 (6): 1119–26. https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1969.7164
• Goldberg, L., W. H. Parkinson, and E. M. Reeves. 1965. “Carbon Monoxide in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 141: 1293. https://doi.org/10.1086/148216
• Goldfinger, D. C., E. Figueroa-Feliciano, M. Danowski, and S. N. T. Heine. 2016b. “Thermal Design for the Micro-X Rocket Payload.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 184 (3–4): 699–705. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-016-1549-1
• Golub, Leon. 1998b. “A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope (NIXT) Sounding Rocket Payload.” Astrophysics and Space Science 237. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980219480
• Gompertz, Richard F. 1950. “Rocket-Engine Flight Testing.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (83): 169–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4343
• Gong, Mingyue, Hao Dong, Yinglei Jiang, Yiyang Gu, and Yun Jiao. 2026. “Hypersonic Boundary Layer Crossflow Instability on a Yawed Cone with Nose-Tip Heating.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 111162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111162
• Gong, Zheng, Zian Wang, Chengchuan Yang, Zhengxue Li, Mingzhe Dai, and Chengxi Zhang. 2022. “Performance Analysis on the Small-Scale Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Symmetry 14 (9): 1862. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091862
• Gong, Shaohua, Guotao Yang, Jiyao Xu, Xiao Liu, and Qinzeng Li. 2019. “Gravity Wave Propagation from the Stratosphere into the Mesosphere Studied with Lidar, Meteor Radar, and TIMED/SABER.” Atmosphere 10 (2): 81. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10020081
• Good, R. Earl. 1976. “Determination of Atomic Oxygen Density from Rocket Borne Measurement of Hydroxyl Airglow.” Planetary and Space Science 24 (4): 389–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(76)90052-0
• Goodpasture, Robert A. 1936. “The Laws of Rocket Motion.” Astronautics 6 (34): 14–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10158
• Gorbachov, Anna, Natalie Stranghöner, and J. Michael Rotter. 2017. “04.03: Buckling Behaviour of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Made of Stainless Steel.” ce/papers 1 (2–3): 828–37. https://doi.org/10.1002/cepa.123
• Gordon, Robert. 1950. “Heat-Transfer Problems in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (81): 65–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4316
• Gordon, W. E. 1970. “Electromagnetic Probing of the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 32 (4): 459–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(70)90203-5
• Goree, J., and Y. T. Chiu. 1993. “Dust Contamination of the Spacecraft Environment by Exposure to Plasma.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 30 (6): 765–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26384
• Gorgiladze, G. I. 2002. “Weightlessness Stimulates Growth of Statoconia.” Doklady Biological Sciences 384 (1–6): 216–20. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1016013407107
• Gostowski, Rudy. 2003. “Isothermal Calorimetric Observations of the Effect of Welding on Compatibility of Stainless Steels with High-Test Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant.” Thermochimica Acta 404 (1–2): 279–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(03)00121-7
• Gostowski, Rudy. 2004. “Compatibility of Injector Materials with Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 20 (6): 1126–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.7092
• Gotsulenko, V. V. 2008. “Distinctive Features of the Intrachamber Instability of Combustion in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” Journal of Engineering Physics and Thermophysics 81 (5): 935–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10891-009-0121-0
• Gourab, Mohapatra Kumar, Utpal Mandal, and Angshuman Roy. 2023c. “FPGA Implementation of Range Safety Panel for Flight Termination System Using LabVIEW.” In 2023 IEEE 12th International Conference on Communication Systems and Network Technologies (CSNT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/csnt57126.2023.10134721
• Gourab, Mohapatra Kumar, Utpal Mandal, Angshuman Roy, and Gautam Sadhukhan. 2021b. “Remote Operation of Flight Termination System over Fiber Optic Media in Test Range Scenario.” In 2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icort52730.2021.9581526
• Gourab, Mohapatra Kumar, Sushree Priyadarshini, Angshuman Roy, and Utpal Mandal. 2021a. “Automatic Change over Unit for Flight Termination System.” In 2021 2nd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icort52730.2021.9582071
• Gourab, Mohapatra Kumar, Angshuman Roy, and Utpal Mandal. 2023b. “Design of Ground Telecommand System for Flight Termination in a Software Defined Radio Platform.” In 2023 3rd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icort56052.2023.10249153
• Gourab, Mohapatra Kumar, Romio Rosan Sahani, Utpal Mandal, and Angshuman Roy. 2023a. “Design of 2:1 Wilkinson Power Combiner for Flight Termination System.” In 2023 3rd International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icort56052.2023.10248985
• Gouttebroze, P., P. Lemaire, J. C. Vial, and G. Artzner. 1978. “The Solar Hydrogen Lyman-Beta and Lyman-Alpha Lines: Disk Center Observations from OSO 8 Compared with Theoretical Profiles.” Astrophysical Journal 225: 655. https://doi.org/10.1086/156526
• Gözütok, Arif Armağan, and Ömer Ataş. 2026. “Space Weather and Thermosphere Density Driven Modeling of Atmospheric Decay at LEO: GOKTURK-2 Case.” In 2026 11th International Conference on Recent Advances in Air and Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast69551.2026.11672500
• Grabovsky, Yury, and Davit Harutyunyan. 2015a. “Rigorous Derivation of the Formula for the Buckling Load in Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Elasticity 120 (2): 249–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10659-015-9513-x
• Grabovsky, Yury, and Davit Harutyunyan. 2015b. “Scaling Instability in Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Nonlinear Science 26 (1): 83–119. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00332-015-9270-9
• Gradl, Paul R., and Christopher S. Protz. 2020. “Technology Advancements for Channel Wall Nozzle Manufacturing in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Acta Astronautica 174. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205002297
• Graham, John D., and Bernard C. Sherman. 1966. “Coning Motion of a Spinning Rigid Body with Slowly Varying Inertias.” AIAA Journal 4 (8): 1467–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3711
• Greatorex, Harry J., Ryan O. Milligan, and Ingolf E. Dammasch. 2024. “On the Instrumental Discrepancies in Lyman-Alpha Observations of Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 299 (11): 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-024-02407-7
• Greatrix, David R. 2008. “Transient Burning Rate Model for Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistic Simulations.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2008: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/826070
• Greatrix, David R. 2011. “Scale Effects on Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Behaviour.” Energies 4 (1): 90–107. https://doi.org/10.3390/en4010090
• Greene, George C. 1970. “Opening Distance of a Parachute.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (1): 98–100. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29878
• Greenhow, J. S., and J. E. Hall. 1960. “Diurnal Variations of Density and Scale Height in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 18 (2–3): 203–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(60)90093-3
• Greiner, Leonard. 1964. “Correlations for Theoretical Rocket Thrust with Shifting Expansion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 1 (3): 339–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27655
• Greve, A., and C. D. McKeith. 1974. “The Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum 2756 �?2831 �.” Solar Physics 37 (1): 3–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00157840
• Griffiths, R. E., C. Cheron, A. Friant, et al. 1975. “An Si(Li) Detector System for Application to X-Ray Astronomy Rocket Experiments.” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 22 (1): 611–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/tns.1975.4327714
• Griner, Gary M. 1967a. “Effect of Rocket Thrust-Time Curve on Wind Dispersion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (11): 1533–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29124
• Gringauz, K. I., and G. L. Gdalevich. 1963. “Analysis of Results of Simultaneous Measurements of Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere by Ionosphere Stations and Rockets.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (3): 321–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90035-7
• Gringauz, K. I., V. A. Rudakov, and A. V. Kaporskii. 1962a. “Instrumentation for Rocket Measurements of the Density of Free Electrons in the Ionosphere.” ARS Journal 32 (7): 1152–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.6217
• Gringauz, K. I., V. A. Rudakov, and A. V. Kaporskii. 1962b. “Instrumentation for Rocket Measurements of the Free-Electron Density in the Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 9 (5): 247–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90150-2
• Gringauz, K. I., N. M. Shutte, A. S. Volokitin, and E. V. Mishin. 1981. “Rocket Potential Measurements during Electron Beam Injection into the Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 1 (2): 69–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90273-8
• Gröning, Stefan, Justin Hardi, Dmitry Suslov, and Michael Oschwald. 2016. “Influence of Hydrogen Temperature on the Stability of a Rocket Engine Combustor Operated with Hydrogen and Oxygen: A New Hydrogen Temperature Ramping Experiment.” CEAS Space Journal 9 (1): 59–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-016-0130-8
• Gross-Gronomski, L. 1963. “Drop Evaporation Problems of Nitric Acid and Aniline.” Combustion and Flame 7: 217–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(63)90186-x
• Groves, G. V. 1956a. “Effect of Experimental Errors on Determinations of Wind Velocity, Speed of Sound, and Atmospheric Pressure, in the Rocket-Grenade Experiment.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 9 (5–6): 237–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(56)90142-8
• Groves, G. V. 1956b. “Introductory Theory for Upper Atmosphere Wind and Sonic Velocity Determination by Sound Propagation.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 8 (1–2): 24–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(56)90088-5
• Groves, G. V. 1956c. “A Rigorous Method of Analysing Data of the Rocket-Grenade Experiment.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 9 (5–6): 349–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(56)90154-4
• Groves, G. V. 1956d. “Theory of the Rocket-Grenade Method of Determining Upper-Atmospheric Properties by Sound Propagation.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 8 (4–5): 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(56)90125-8
• Grusas, Pranas A. 1969. “Satellite Attitude Determination from Celestial Sightings.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (9): 1007–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29747
• Gu, Wenguang, Haigui Fan, and Yihang Hou. 2024. “Simulating the Effects of Geometric Imperfections on the Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells through Reducing Localized Stiffness.” Thin-Walled Structures 205: 112410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2024.112410
• Gu, Wenguang, Haigui Fan, Longhua Li, Zewu Wang, Peiqi Liu, and Dapeng Hu. 2022. “Establishing Buckling Loads for Axially Compressed Composite Cylindrical Shells Based on Energy Barrier Approach.” Mechanics of Advanced Materials and Structures 30 (1): 83–98. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376494.2021.2008563
• Gu, Li-lin, Xiao-ting Rui, Guo-ping Wang, Yi An, Fu-feng Yang, and Min Wei. 2021. “A Novel Launch Dynamics Measurement System for Multiple Launch Rocket System and Comparative Analysis with Numerical Simulations.” Defence Technology 17 (2): 671–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.11.007
• Guadagnini, Jacopo, Gabriele De Zaiacomo, and Michèle Lavagna. 2023. “Mission Performance Assessment of the Recovery and Vertical Landing of a Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Aerospace 11 (1): 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010035
• Guang-Fu Ma and Xue-Yuan Jiang. 2005. “Unscented Kalman Filter for Spacecraft Attitude Estimation and Calibration Using Magnetometer Measurements.” In 2005 International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmlc.2005.1526998
• Guessi Domiciano, Kelvin, Larissa Krambeck, Marcia Barbosa Henriques Mantelli, and Luis Alonso Betancur Arboleda. 2024. “Pulsating Heat Pipe Experiments for Microgravity Sounding Rocket Tests.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 38 (2): 159–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t6826
• Guglieri, Giorgio. 2012. “Parachute-Payload System Flight Dynamics and Trajectory Simulation.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2012: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/182907
• Gulledge, Irene S., and Donald M. Packer. 1966. “High-Altitude Profiles of the O I 5577 and 6300 Night Airglow Layers Derived from Rocket Photometry.” Astronomical Journal 71: 163. https://doi.org/10.1086/110129
• Gune, Seema G., S. G. Kulkarni, and S. P. Panda. 1985. “Synergistic Hypergolic Ignition of Solid Substituted Anilines Mixed with Magnesium Powder and Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Combustion and Flame 61 (2): 189–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(85)90164-6
• Guo, Rui-lei, Shuai-jie Jiang, Ya-qi Qin, Ming Lu, and Peng-cheng Wang. 2026a. “Octahydrotriborate (B3H8) Based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids as Ultra-Fastignition Propellant Fuels with Superior Decomposition Efficiency.” Energetic Materials Frontiers 7 (3): 318–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enmf.2025.06.004
• Guo, Qi, Suian Wang, Wenzhi Hui, Yuanchen Li, and Zonghong Xie. 2019. “Thermo-Mechanical Optimization of Metallic Thermal Protection System under Aerodynamic Heating.” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 61 (2): 819–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-019-02379-4
• Guo, Peng, Gang Xia, and Zi-Zeng Qin. 2012. “Automated Image Measurement of Parachute Projection Area under Inflation Process.” Procedia Engineering 29: 1944–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.241
• Guo, Ruilei, Zhiqi Xin, Shan Wang, Ming Lu, Pengcheng Wang, and Daolun Liang. 2026b. “Ultra-Low Ignition Delay Conjoined with High Thermal Stability Borohydride Hypergolic Fuels: Synthesis, Combustion Characteristic, and Decomposition Mechanism.” Defence Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2026.03.031
• Guo, Kangkang, Boqi Xu, Yongjie Ren, Yiheng Tong, and Wansheng Nie. 2022. “Analysis of Tangential Combustion Instability Modes in a LOX/Kerosene Liquid Rocket Engine Based on OpenFOAM.” Frontiers in Energy Research 9: 810439. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2021.810439
• Guobiao, Cai, Zhu Dingqiang, and Zhang Xiaoying. 2007. “Coupling Simulation of Heat Transfer and Temperature of the Composite Walled Nozzle of Rocket.” In 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2007.352666
• Gupta, B. L., M. Varma, and S. B. Goel. 1986. “Rheological Characterization of Fuming Nitric Acid Gel.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 11 (3): 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.19860110304
• Gursu, S., M. Lordgooei, S. Sherif, and T. Veziroglu. 1992. “An Optimization Study of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-off Losses.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 17 (3): 227–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(92)90131-f
• Guseinov, Sh. L., S. G. Fedorov, V. A. Kosykh, and P. A. Storozhenko. 2018. “Hypergolic Propellants Based on Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Compounds: Historical Aspect and Current State.” Russian Chemical Bulletin 67 (11): 1943–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11172-018-2314-1
• Ha, Dong-Sung, and Hong Jip Kim. 2022. “Dynamic Characteristic Modeling and Simulation of an Aerospike-Shaped Pintle Nozzle for Variable Thrust of a Solid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 201: 364–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.09.031
• Haber, Heinz. 1952. “Manned Flight at the Borders of Space: The Human Factor of Manned Rocket Flight.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (5): 269–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4491
• Habib, Tamer Mekky Ahmed. 2023b. “Three-Axis High-Accuracy Spacecraft Attitude Estimation via Sequential Extended Kalman Filtering of Single-Axis Magnetometer Measurements.” Aerospace Systems 6 (2): 365–74. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-023-00221-w
• Hadjadj, A., A. Nebbache, D. Vuillamy, and D. Vandromme. 1997. “Numerical Simulation of Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzle.” Mechanics Research Communications 24 (3): 269–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0093-6413(97)00024-4
• Hadjadj, Abdellah, and Marcello Onofri. 2009. “Nozzle Flow Separation.” Shock Waves 19 (3): 163–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0209-7
• Hall, J. E. 1973. “Lower Ionosphere Electron Densities from Rocket Measurements Employing LF Radio Propagation and DC Probe Techniques.” Planetary and Space Science 21 (1): 119–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(73)90024-x
• Hall, D. A. 1989. “Prediction of Electronic Component Temperatures at High Altitude Using Low Altitude Measurements.” In Fifth Annual IEEE Semiconductor Thermal and Temperature Measurement Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/stherm.1989.76076
• Hall, Philip, Raymond Sedney, and Nathan Gerber. 1990. “Dynamics of the Fluid in a Spinning Coning Cylinder.” AIAA Journal 28 (5): 828–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25126
• Hallit, Ramona E. Arndt, Clark W. Hawk, Barry D. Allan, and Norman Logan. 1997. “Compatibility of Gelled Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid with Aluminum Alloys.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 13 (4): 481–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5209
• Haloulakos, V. E. 1991. “Slag Mass Accumulation in Spinning Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 7 (1): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23288
• Hamed, A., and C. Vogiatzis. 1997. “Overexpanded Two-Dimensional-Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Flow Simulations, Assessment of Turbulence Models.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 13 (3): 444–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5183
• Hamed, A., and C. Vogiatzis. 1998. “Overexpanded Two-Dimensional Convergent-Divergent Nozzle Performance, Effects of Three-Dimensional Flow Interactions.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 14 (2): 234–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5272
• Hanafi, Sabrina, Djalal Trache, Redha Meziani, et al. 2021. “Synthesis, Characterization and Thermal Decomposition Behavior of a Novel HNTO/AN Co-Crystal as a Promising Rocket Propellant Oxidizer.” Chemical Engineering Journal 417: 128010. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.128010
• Hankey, Wilbur L., and Lawrence E. Hooks. 1963. “Constant Convective Heating Rate Surfaces for Lifting Re-Entry Vehicles.” AIAA Journal 1 (7): 1533–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1851
• Hansen, Q. M., S. J. Rusk, and E. A. Gabris. 1970. “A Gyroless Sounding Rocket Control System with Sub-Arc-Second Pointing Stability.” Automatica 6 (5): 683–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(70)90041-5
• Hao, Lin, Xinghua Chen, Yaozhou Sun, Yangyang Liu, Shuai Li, and Mengqian Zhang. 2017. “Mathematical Modeling of Static Layer Crystallization for Propellant Grade Hydrogen Peroxide.” Journal of Crystal Growth 469: 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2016.10.026
• Hao, Zhu, Luo Haowen, Wang Pengcheng, Cai Guobiao, and Hu Feng. 2020. “Uncertainty Analysis and Design Optimization of Solid Rocket Motors with Finocyl Grain.” Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization 62 (6): 3521–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00158-020-02728-8
• Hao, Peng, Zheng Li, Shaowei Feng, Wenyi Li, Yutian Wang, and Bo Wang. 2021. “A Novel Framework for Reliability Assessment of Payload Fairing Separation Considering Multi-Source Uncertainties and Multiple Failure Modes.” Thin-Walled Structures 160: 107327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.107327
• Harri, J., M. McGee, and A. Toor. 1969. “A Rocket Borne Scintillation Spectrometer for Observing Cosmic X Rays.” Review of Scientific Instruments 40 (5): 703–8. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1684041
• Harrington, W. J., and R. C. Bullock. 1964. “The Motion of a Spinner Rocket inside a Smoothbore Launcher.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 277 (6): 552–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(64)90374-6
• Harstad, K., and J. Bellan. 1998a. “Interactions of Fluid Oxygen Drops in Fluid Hydrogen at Rocket Chamber Pressures.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41 (22): 3551–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(98)00048-9
• Harstad, K., and J. Bellan. 1998b. “Isolated Fluid Oxygen Drop Behavior in Fluid Hydrogen at Rocket Chamber Pressures.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 41 (22): 3537–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0017-9310(98)00049-0
• Hart, R. W., and F. T. McClure. 1965. “Theory of Acoustic Instability in Solid-Propellant Rocket Combustion.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 10 (1): 1047–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(65)80246-6
• Hartig, G. F., W. G. Fastie, and A. F. Davidsen. 1980. “Rocket Instrument for Far-UV Spectrophotometry of Faint Astronomical Objects.” Applied Optics 19. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800041488
• Harvey, R. D. 1976. “Spacecraft Neutral Self-Contamination by Molecular Outgassing.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 13 (5): 301–5. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27906
• Haspel, Carynelisa, and Yoav Yair. 2024. “Numerical Simulations of the Region of Possible Sprite Inception in the Mesosphere above Winter Thunderstorms under Wind Shear.” Advances in Space Research 74 (11): 5548–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.08.050
• Hatai, Keigo, and Taiichi Nagata. 2022. “Quantitative Clarification of Stable Ignition Region for HKP110 Green Hypergolic Bipropellant.” Aerospace 9 (3): 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9030129
• Haug, Eberhard. 1972. “Polarization of Hard X-Rays from Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 25 (2). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00192340
• Hauptman, M. H., and H. Fine. 1967. “Technique to Evaluate Surface Contamination Due to Rocket Exhaust Impingement.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (7): 959–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29002
• Haveman, Natasha J., Mingqi Zhou, Jordan Callaham, et al. 2022. “Utilizing the KSC Fixation Tube to Conduct Human-Tended Plant Biology Experiments on a Suborbital Spaceflight.” Life 12 (11): 1871. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12111871
• Havens, W. F., and H. Ohtakay. 1978. “Attitude Determination System for a Nadir-Pointing Satellite.” Journal of Guidance and Control 1 (5): 352–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55792
• Hayakawa, Masashi, and Akira Iwai. 1975. “Magnetospheric Ducting of Low-Latitude Whistlers as Deduced from the Rocket Measurement of Their Wave Normal Directions.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 37 (9): 1211–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(75)90192-0
• Haycock, O., J. Swigart, and D. Baker. 1959. “Electron Densities of the Ionosphere Utilizing High-Altitude Rockets.” IRE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation 7 (4): 414–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.1959.1144691
• Haycock, O. C., C. D. Westlund, E. F. Pound, and R. H. Woolley. 1968. “Falling Sphere for Measuring Atmospheric Density.” Review of Scientific Instruments 39 (8): 1094–99. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1683591
• Hays, P. B., and A. F. Nagy. 1973. “Thermal Electron Energy Distribution Measurements in the Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 21. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730055354
• Hazell, J. F., P. E. G. Cope, and I. F. M. Walker. 1968. “Development and Operation of the Stabilized Skylark Rocket.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (4): 425–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29271
• He, Bo, Wansheng Nie, Songjiang Feng, Lingyu Su, and Fengchen Zhuang. 2013. “Effects of NTO Oxidizer Temperature and Pressure on Hypergolic Ignition Delay and Life Time of UDMH Organic Gel Droplet.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 38 (5): 665–84. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201200160
• He, Jianhui, Nicholas M. Pedatella, Elvira Astafyeva, Xinan Yue, Zhipeng Ren, and Tingting Yu. 2023. “Improved Thermosphere Mass Density Recovery during the 5 April 2010 Geomagnetic Storm by Assimilating NO Cooling Rates in a Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Model.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 128 (11): e2023JA031959. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023ja031959
• Healy, Roy. 1941. “Thrust of Powder Rocket Charges: Commercial Types Tested.” Astronautics 11 (51): 6–6. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10326
• Heath, Donald F. 1968. “A Far Ultraviolet Polarization Analyzer for Rocket Use.” Applied Optics 7 (3): 455. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.7.000455
• Heidmann, M. F., and R. J. Priem. 1953. “A Modified Sodium-Line Reversal Technique for the Measurement of Combustion Temperatures in Rocket Engines.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (4): 248–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4606
• Heine, S. N. T., E. Figueroa-Feliciano, J. M. Rutherford, et al. 2013. “Vibration Isolation Design for the Micro-X Rocket Payload.” Journal of Low Temperature Physics 176 (5–6): 1082–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10909-013-1032-1
• Heinrich, H. G., and L. R. Jamison. 1966. “Parachute Stress Analysis during Inflation and at Steady State.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (1): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43707
• Heinrich, H. G., and R. A. Noreen. 1970. “Analysis of Parachute Opening Dynamics with Supporting Wind-Tunnel Experiments.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (4): 341–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44175
• Heinrich, H. G., and David P. Saari. 1978a. “Parachute Canopy Stress Measurements at Steady State and during Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 15 (8): 534–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58402
• Heinrich, H. G., and David P. Saari. 1978b. “Parachute Opening Shock Calculations with Experimentally Established Input Functions.” Journal of Aircraft 15 (2): 100–105. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58321
• Heister, S. D. 1993. “Ballistics of Solid Rocket Motors with Spatial Burning Rate Variations.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 9 (4): 649–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23671
• Helman, D., M. Wolfshtein, and Y. Manheimer-Timnat. 1974. “Theoretical Investigation of Hybrid Rocket Combustion by Numerical Methods.” Combustion and Flame 22 (2): 171–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(74)80004-0
• Heng, Herman, Jan Palečka, Samuel Goroshin, and Jeffrey Bergthorson. 2024. “Near-Limit Discrete Flames of Iron Particle Suspensions in Sounding Rocket Microgravity Experiments.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 40 (1–4): 105613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2024.105613
• Henry, R. C. 1973. “Ultraviolet Background Radiation.” Astrophysical Journal 179. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730034255
• Herrell, L., and X. Zhou. 2006. “Access to Space for Technology Validation Missions: Exploring Possibilities of Suborbital Flight.” In 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2006.1655766
• Herrick, W. D., G. T. Penegor, D. M. Cotton, G. C. Kaplan, and S. Chakrabarti. 1990. “Use of a Personal Computer for the Real-Time Reception and Analysis of Data from a Sounding Rocket Experiment.” IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 37. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900055875
• Hessler, R. O., and R. L. Glick. 2000. “Consistent Definitions for Burning-Rate Measurement in Solid-Rocket Motors.” Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves 36 (1): 76–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02701517
• Hester, Brooke, and Jennifer Burris. 2012. “Another Look at Rocket Thrust.” Physics Teacher 50 (9): 534–35. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.4767484
• Hill, Steven M., and Todd J. McCusker. 1998. “Real-Time Optimal Attitude Estimation Using Horizon Sensor and Magnetometer Data.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 35 (6): 778–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3416
• Hiller, H. 1980. “Upper-Atmosphere Rotation Rate Determined from the Orbit of China 6 Rocket (1976-87B).” Planetary and Space Science 28 (5): 549–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(80)90036-7
• Hiller, H., and D. G. King-Hele. 1981. “Features of the Upper Atmosphere Revealed by Analysis of the Orbit of Cosmos 1009 Rocket, 1978-50B.” Planetary and Space Science 29 (1): 35–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(81)90136-7
• Hirayama, T., K. Tanaka, T. Watanabe, K. Akita, T. Sakurai, and K. Nishi. 1985. “Rocket Observation of the EUV Images of a Solar Flare and Active Regions.” Solar Physics 95 (2): 281–95. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00152406
• Ho, S. Y. 1992. “Impact Ignition Mechanisms of Rocket Propellants.” Combustion and Flame 91 (2): 131–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(92)90095-7
• Ho, S. 2008. “Nozzle Injection Displacement Mixing in a Zero Boil-off Hydrogen Storage Tank.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 33 (2): 878–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2007.10.042
• Ho, S. Y., C. W. Fong, and B. L. Hamshere. 1989. “Assessment of the Response of Rocket Propellants to High-Velocity Projectile Impact Using Small-Scale Laboratory Tests.” Combustion and Flame 77 (3–4): 395–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90144-2
• Ho, Son H., and Muhammad M. Rahman. 2012. “Forced Convective Mixing in a Zero Boil-off Cryogenic Storage Tank.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 37 (13): 10196–10209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.03.108
• Hoadley, Keri, Kevin France, Nicholas Nell, et al. 2020. “CHESS: An Innovative Concept for High-Resolution, Far-UV Spectroscopy: Instrument Design, Inception, and Results from the First Two Sounding Rocket Flights.” Experimental Astronomy 50 (2–3): 233–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-020-09670-z
• Hochstein, John I., Hyun-Chul Ji, and John C. Aydelott. 1990. “Prediction of Self-Pressurization Rate of Cryogenic Propellant Tankage.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 6. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900034164
• Hogrefe, A. F., and S. M. Warren. 1963. “The ANNA Earth Satellite Telemetry System—Space Telemetry by Hybrid Techniques.” Proceedings of the IEEE 51 (3): 510–510. https://doi.org/10.1109/proc.1963.1937
• Holbeck, Ilse Marie, Maximilian Sturm, Sebastian Feles, Sarah Schunk, Christian Liemersdorf, and Jens Hauslage. 2026. “The LIFT Module: A Modular Fixation Platform for Biological Research on Sounding Rockets.” Microgravity Science and Technology 38 (5): 68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-026-10288-7
• Holm, C., B. N. Maehlum, and B. T. Narheim. 1972. “Rotating Wedge Filter Photometer for High Altitude Sounding Rocket Application.” Applied Optics 11 (2): 421. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.11.000421
• Hong-bo, Hu, Chen Hong-yu, Yan Yu, Zhang Feng, Yin Ji-Hui, and Zheng Dong. 2020. “Investigation of Chemical Kinetic Model for Hypergolic Propellant of Monomethylhydrazine and Nitrogen Tetroxide.” Journal of Energy Resources Technology 143 (6): 062304. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4048593
• Horenstein, M., and N. Roberts. 1994. “Comparison of Electrostatic and Aerodynamic Forces during Parachute Opening.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (5): 1084–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46614
• Horton, M. D., and D. W. Rice. 1964. “The Effect of Compositional Variables upon Oscillatory Combustion of Solid Rocket Propellants.” Combustion and Flame 8 (1): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(64)90053-7
• Hou, Bowen, Zhangming He, Haiyin Zhou, and Jiongqi Wang. 2019. “Integrated Design and Accuracy Analysis of Star Sensor and Gyro on the Same Benchmark for Satellite Attitude Determination System.” IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 6 (4): 1074–80. https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2019.1911600
• Hou, Xia-yi, Jun Hu, and Yong Yu. 2022. “Numerical Study on Ring Slot Parachute Finite Mass Inflation Process and Wake Recontact Phenomenon.” Aerospace Science and Technology 128: 107763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107763
• Hoult, C. P. 1968. “Effect of Launch Angle on Sounding Rocket Trajectories.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (4): 471–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29282
• Hoult, C. P. 1976. “Launcher Length for Sounding-Rocket Point-Mass Trajectory Simulations.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 13 (12): 760–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27949
• Hoult, C. P., and Hien Tran. 2015. “Sounding Rocket Fin Design to Mitigate Roll Lock-in.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119025
• Houtgast, J. 1968. “The High-Dispersion Continuous Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum and the Balmer-Jump.” Solar Physics 3 (1): 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154242
• Howlett, L. C., and J. I. Swigart. 1969. “Rocket-Borne Rayleigh Scattering Instrumentation to Measure Atmospheric Density.” Review of Scientific Instruments 40 (1): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1683741
• Hoyle, F. 1963. “X-Rays from outside the Solar System.” Astrophysical Journal 137: 993. https://doi.org/10.1086/147574
• Hu, Wenfeng, Bo He, Ying Bai, Linlin Tang, and Wansheng Nie. 2026. “A POD-DeepONet Based Parameter Identification Framework for the Phenomenological Model of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” Aerospace Science and Technology 177: 112837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112837
• Hu, Xudong, and Xiaoyong Liu. 2010. “Research on Vibro-Acoustic Prediction and Passive Control Technique of a Rocket-Payload Model.” In 2010 Second International Conference on Computer Modeling and Simulation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccms.2010.153
• Hughes, Cara Joy. 1965. “Profiles of Lyman-Alpha Scattered by Free Electrons in the Solar Corona.” Astrophysical Journal 142: 321. https://doi.org/10.1086/148287
• Humbad, N. G. 1974. “Comment on the Equation for Aeroelastic Divergence of Unguided Launch Vehicles.” AIAA Journal 12 (12): 1739–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.49591
• Hutchinson, John. 1965. “Axial Buckling of Pressurized Imperfect Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 3 (8): 1461–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3169
• Hynek, J. A. 1947. “Astrophysical Projects in the High Altitude Rocket Program.” Astronomical Journal 52: 125. https://doi.org/10.1086/105962
• Ibrahim, Fatouh, Mostafa Khalil, Mahmoud Y. M. Ahmed, and M. Youssef. 2024. “Investigation of Pitching Frequency Impact on Stability Criteria for Supersonic Fin Stabilized Missile.” Aerospace Systems 7 (4): 763–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-024-00307-z
• Ifayefunmi, O. 2016. “Buckling Behavior of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells: Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Data.” Thin-Walled Structures 98: 558–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2015.10.027
• Ikeda, Masahiko. 1975. “Diffuse X-Ray Spectrum from 10 to 40 keV Measured with Rocket-Borne Scintillation Counters.” Astrophysics and Space Science 35 (2): 255–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00636996
• Iles, Gail N., James C. Kirby, Chris Hewitt, et al. 2026. “Aeronautical Sounding Rocket Used as a Microgravity Platform for Scientific Experimentation in Australia.” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 41 (5): 26–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.2025.3642786
• Illés-Almár, E., I. Almár, and P. Bencze. 1997. “Investigation of the Density Wave Activity in the Thermosphere above 220 Km.” Advances in Space Research 20 (6): 1273–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00785-0
• In, Sehwan, Sangkwon Jeong, and Hongseong Kim. 2004. “Investigation on Liquid Helium Pressurization Process Using a Heater in a Liquid Propellant Rocket.” Cryogenics 44 (6–8): 467–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2004.02.010
• “The Intensity Distribution in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” 1962. Solar Energy 6 (2): 75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(62)90023-3
• “Investigation of Cosmic Rays during the Flight of the Second Space Rocket to the Moon.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90208-2
• “The Investigation of Meteoric Dust by Means of Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites.” 1963. Planetary and Space Science 11 (1): 103. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90222-8
• “The Investigation of Micrometeorites by Rockets and Satellites.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90062-9
• “Investigation of the Ionic Composition of the Earth’s Atmosphere by Rockets and Satellites.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90059-9
• Irawan, Angga, Hanif Rizal, S. Sambya Aryasa, and Widyawarna Adiprawita. 2013. “Attitude Monitoring and Surveillance System for Lapan Payload Test Rocket.” In 2013 3rd International Conference on Instrumentation Control and Automation (ICA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ica.2013.6734063
• Ishisaka, K., T. Okada, J. Hawkins, et al. 2005. “Investigation of Electron Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere by SRP-4 Rocket Experiment.” Earth, Planets and Space 57 (9): 879–84. https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03351865
• Ishizuka, Shinnosuke, Yuki Kimura, Itsuki Sakon, et al. 2018. “Sounding-Rocket Microgravity Experiments on Alumina Dust.” Nature Communications 9 (1): 3820. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06359-y
• Iskanderova, Z., J. Kleiman, R. Ng, Y. Gudimenko, and D. A. Kaute. 2004. “Preventive Surface Treatment of Silicone Materials for Outgassing and Contamination Reduction in Space Application.” MRS Proceedings 851: NN8.5. https://doi.org/10.1557/proc-851-nn8.5
• Ismail, M. S., O. Ifayefunmi, and S. H. S. M. Fadzullah. 2019. “Buckling of Imperfect Cylinder-Cone-Cylinder Transition under Axial Compression.” Thin-Walled Structures 144: 106250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2019.106250
• Ismail, M. S., J. Purbolaksono, A. Andriyana, C. J. Tan, N. Muhammad, and H. L. Liew. 2015. “The Use of Initial Imperfection Approach in Design Process and Buckling Failure Evaluation of Axially Compressed Composite Cylindrical Shells.” Engineering Failure Analysis 51: 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engfailanal.2015.02.017
• Istomin, V. G. 1960. “Radio-Frequency Mass Spectrometer for the Investigation of the Ionic Composition of the Upper Atmosphere.” ARS Journal 30 (7): 676–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5184
• Ito, T., T. Yamamoto, T. Nakamura, H. Habu, and H. Ohtsuka. 2020. “Sounding Rocket SS-520 as a CubeSat Launch Vehicle.” Acta Astronautica 170: 206–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.10.007
• Ivanovsky, A., B. Kirushov, and A. Pogoreltsev. 1992. “Development of the Hypotheses of the Coupling Mechanisms of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere with Upper Layers and Lower Ones.” Advances in Space Research 12 (10): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90442-z
• Iwasa, Takashi, Shu Nishizawa, and Mitsugu Sakai. 2020. “Buckling Severity Measurement of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Structures with Periodic Buckling Pattern.” Engineering Structures 213: 110568. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.110568
• Iyer, Prashant G. 2023b. “Modelling of a 12-DoF Parachute–Riser–Payload System Dynamics Using Kane’s Method.” Multibody System Dynamics 60 (4): 599–619. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11044-023-09939-z
• Jacewicz, Mariusz, Piotr Lichota, Dariusz Miedziński, and Robert Głębocki. 2022. “Study of Model Uncertainties Influence on the Impact Point Dispersion for a Gasodynamicaly Controlled Projectile.” Sensors 22 (9): 3257. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093257
• Jacobi, Christoph, Khalil Karami, Ales Kuchar, Toralf Renkwitz, Ralph Latteck, and Jorge L. Chau. 2024a. “Long-Term Changes of Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Gravity Waves over Collm, Germany.” In 2024 Kleinheubach Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ieeeconf64570.2024.10739313
• Jacobi, Christoph, Ales Kuchar, Manfred Ern, Toralf Renkwitz, Ralph Latteck, and Jorge L. Chau. 2025. “Solar Cycle Influence on Midlatitude Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere, Collm, 51.3N, 13.0E.” In 2025 Kleinheubach Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ieeeconf67516.2025.11225281
• Jacobs, Frederik, Ricardo Martins, Jeroen Van den Eynde, Bruno Bras, Walfied Raab, and Johan Steelant. 2025. “Spacecraft Cavity Venting and Outgassing Analysis Applied to the SMILE Mission.” CEAS Space Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-024-00591-7
• Jain, S. 1988. “Studies on the Synergistic Hypergolic Ignition of Hybrid Systems.” Combustion and Flame 71 (3): 233–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(88)90061-2
• Jain, S. R., P. M. M. Krishna, and V. R. Pai Verneker. 1979. “Hypergolic Ignition of Various Hydrazones with Nitric Acid.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 16 (2): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57621
• Jain, S. R., and K. N. Murthy. 1990. “Temperature Profile and Ignition Delay Studies on Hypergolic Systems.” Combustion and Flame 81 (3–4): 403–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(90)90035-p
• Jakimiec, Maria, Anna Antalová, and Marisa Storini. 1999. “Cosmic-Ray Intensity versus Solar Soft X-Ray Background in Cross-Correlation Analysis.” Solar Physics 189 (2): 373–86. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1005255030032
• Jamison, Lelan R. 1967. “A Method for Calculating Parachute Opening Forces for General Deployment Conditions.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (4): 498–502. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28894
• Janardan, B. A., B. R. Daniel, W. A. Bell, and B. T. Zinn. 1979. “Measurements of Reactive Gaseous Rocket Injector Admittances.” Combustion Science and Technology 20 (5–6): 185–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207908946908
• Jarmolow, Kenneth. 1957. “Dynamics of a Spinning Rocket with Varying Inertia and Applied Moment.” Journal of Applied Physics 28 (3): 308–13. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1722736
• Javed, Afroz, and Debasis Chakraborty. 2014. “Damping Coefficient Prediction of Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 30 (1): 19–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35010
• Javed, Afroz, and Debasis Chakraborty. 2015. “Universal Erosive Burning Model Performance for Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics.” Aerospace Science and Technology 45: 150–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.05.005
• Jefferies, J. T., and R. N. Thomas. 1961. “A Comment of the NRL Solar Lyman-Alpha Results.” Astrophysical Journal 133: 606. https://doi.org/10.1086/147063
• Jelinksy, P., J. V. Vallerga, and J. Edelstein. 1995. “First Spectral Observations of the Diffuse Background with the Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer.” Astrophysical Journal 442 (2 Pa). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950046443
• Jenkins, E. B. 1973. “Interstellar Gas Abundances from Rocket Observations of Ultraviolet Absorption Lines.” Astrophysical Journal 181: 761. https://doi.org/10.1086/152087
• Jenkins, K. R., W. L. Webb, and G. Q. Clark. 1960. “Rocket Sounding of High Atmosphere Meteorological Parameters.” IRE Transactions on Military Electronics MIL-4 (2/3): 238–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/iret-mil.1960.5008227
• Jenn, A. A., and H. F. Nelson. 1988. “Sideslip Effects on Fin-Fin Interference in Supersonic Missile Aerodynamics.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 25 (6): 385–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26017
• Jensen, D. E. 1980. “Rocket Propulsion and Spaceflight Dynamics.” Combustion and Flame 37: 107. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(80)90078-4
• Jensen, D. E., and G. A. Jones. 1981. “Theoretical Aspects of Secondary Combustion in Rocket Exhausts.” Combustion and Flame 41: 71–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(81)90040-7
• Jensen, D. E., and A. S. Wilson. 1975. “Prediction of Rocket Exhaust Flame Properties.” Combustion and Flame 25: 43–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(75)90067-x
• Jeong, Junyeong, Vikas Khandu Bhosale, and Sejin Kwon. 2021. “Ultrafast Igniting, Low Toxicity Hypergolic Hybrid Solid Fuels and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidizer.” Fuel 286: 119307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119307
• Ji, Shixiang, and Bing Wang. 2019. “Modeling and Analysis of Triggering Pulse to Thermoacoustic Instability in an End-Burning-Grain Model Solid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 95: 105409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105409
• Ji, Shixiang, Bing Wang, and Dan Zhao. 2020. “Numerical Analysis on Combustion Instabilities in End-Burning-Grain Solid Rocket Motors Utilizing Pressure-Coupled Response Functions.” Aerospace Science and Technology 98: 105701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105701
• Jia, Juhong, Debin Fu, and Zepeng He. 2020. “Aerodynamic Interactions of a Reusable Launch Vehicle Model with Different Nose Configurations.” Acta Astronautica 177: 58–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.07.022
• Jian, Wang, Cheng Xiao-ming, and Qiu Feng. 2016. “The Optimal Guidance of Rocket Fixed-Attitude and Fixed-Point Orbit Injection.” In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531741
• Jiang, Zhuohang, Jingfeng Peng, Jie Song, et al. 2026. “Influence of Coolant Thermodynamic State on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Regenerative Cooling for LOX/CH4 Rocket Engines.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112612. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112612
• Jiang, Yuguang, Leqing Wang, Qilin Zhou, Nicolas Gascoin, Khaled Chetehouna, and Wei Fan. 2023. “Flow and Heat Transfer of Hydrocarbon Fuel in the Double-Layer Regenerative Cooling Channels.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 85 (9): 1433–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2023.2203872
• Jiang, You-Qi, and Yi-Ding Zhao. 2018. “Error Compensation of MEMS Gyroscope Used in Rocket Artillery Launcher Disturbance Detector.” In 2018 International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/eltech.2018.8401453
• Jiao, Zhongtian, Ke Wang, Qiang Xiao, Yonghui Zhang, and Wei Fan. 2024. “Characteristic Velocity Analysis of the Total Pressure Gain of Rotating Detonation Combustors.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 40 (1–4): 105626. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2024.105626
• Jin, Yunhe, Yuantong Shi, Wenquan Zhang, Xiujuan Qi, Honglei Xia, and Qinghua Zhang. 2021. “Cationic Effect on Properties Related to Thermal Stability and Ignition Delay for Hypergolic Ionic Liquids.” Journal of Molecular Liquids 336: 116572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2021.116572
• Jin, Yunhe, Wenquan Zhang, Zhiyu Zhou, et al. 2022. “Recent Advances in Hypergolic Ionic Liquids with Broad Potential for Propellant Applications.” FirePhysChem 2 (3): 236–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2022.04.001
• Jindal, Prakhar, and Jyoti Botchu Vara Siva. 2025. “Ignition Delay Times of Conventional and Green Hypergolic Propellants at Ambient Conditions: A Comparative Review.” Applied Sciences 15 (20): 11165. https://doi.org/10.3390/app152011165
• Jingdong, Lin, Chen Min, and Lin Zheng. 2019. “Life Prediction of Seal Lifecycle for Solid Rocket Motor Based on Leakage Rate.” In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Power, Intelligent Computing and Systems (ICPICS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpics47731.2019.8942441
• Jo, Min-Seon, and Jeong-Yeol Choi. 2025. “Evaluation of Liquid Hydrogen/Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant Combination for Advanced Launch Vehicle Upper Stage.” Aerospace 13 (1): 23. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13010023
• Jog, N. S., R. T. Patel, Ranjan Gupta, and P. V. Kulkarni. 1983. “Rocket-Borne Payload Electronics System for 1.27μ Airglow.” IETE Journal of Research 29 (5): 225–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1983.11453026
• Johannessen, A., and D. Krankowsky. 1974. “Daytime Positive Ion Composition Measurement in the Altitude Range 73–137 Km above Sardinia.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 36 (7): 1233–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(74)90110-x
• John, Jerin, Purushothaman Nandagopalan, Seung Wook Baek, and Sung June Cho. 2020. “Hypergolic Ignition Delay Studies of Solidified Ethanol Fuel with Hydrogen Peroxide for Hybrid Rockets.” Combustion and Flame 212: 205–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2019.10.029
• Johnson, Donald W. 1969. “Development of Recovery Systems for High- Altitude Sounding Rockets.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 6 (4): 489–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29688
• Johnson, Donald W. 1974b. “Sounding Rocket Payload Recovery Systems.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 11 (6): 424–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62091
• Johnson, Gearold R., and Mel R. L’Ecuyer. 1970. “Velocity Profile Measurements in a Spinning, Cold-Flow Rocket Motor.” AIAA Journal 8 (10): 1883–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6010
• Johnson, F. S., H. H. Malitson, J. D. Purcell, and R. Tousey. 1955. “Emission Lines in the Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astronomical Journal 60: 165. https://doi.org/10.1086/107152
• Jolley, W. H., J. F. Hooper, P. R. Hilton, and W. A. Bradfield. 1986. “Studies on Coning in End-Burning Rocket Motors.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 2 (3): 223–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.22873
• Jones, Robert M. 1966. “Toward a New Snap-through Buckling Criterion for Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 4 (9): 1526–30. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3730
• Jones, Leslie M., William H. Hansen, and Nelson W. Spencer. 1957. “The Nike-Cajun Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 27 (3): 266–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.12713
• Jones, T. L. J., W. H. Parkinson, R. J. Speer, and C. Yang. 1971. “Eclipse Observations in the Rocket Ultraviolet.” Solar Physics 21 (2): 372–80. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154288
• Jones, Evan, and P. Peter Urone. 1976. “Spectacular Rocket Experiment.” Physics Teacher 14 (2): 112–13. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.2339324
• Jönsson, Rolf. 1988. “SSC Microgravity Sounding Rocket Program MASER.” Acta Astronautica 17 (1): 39–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(88)90126-9
• Jordan, C., J.-D. F. Bartoe, G. E. Brueckner, and K. P. Dere. 1986. “Identification of [Fe III] in the Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Nature 324 (6096): 444–46. https://doi.org/10.1038/324444a0
• Jordan, C., G. E. Brueckner, J.-D. F. Bartoe, G. D. Sandlin, and M. E. Vanhoosier. 1978. “Emission Lines of H2 in the Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 226: 687. https://doi.org/10.1086/156651
• Jorgensen, Mikkel Kranker, and Inna Sharf. 2021. “Effect of Release Conditions on Casualty Risk Factor in Uncontrolled Re-Entry of Large Space Debris.” Advances in Space Research 68 (1): 25–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.02.042
• “Joseph, Alexander. Rockets into Space. Chicago (57 West Grand Avenue): Science Research Associates, 1955. 48 p.” 1959. Science Education 43 (1): 85–85. https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.3730430138
• Joshi, Suresh. 1978. “On Attitude Estimation Schemes for Fine-Pointing Control.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-14 (2): 258–65. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.1978.308646
• Junfang Zhou, Guangyu Liu, Yanxin Zhang, and Anke Xue. 2014. “The Optimal Event-Based Control of Parachute Opening Problem I: Theory.” In 2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2014.6931253
• Jung, Ki-Wook, Chang-Hun Lee, Junseong Lee, et al. 2021. “An Instantaneous Impact Point Guidance for Rocket with Aerodynamics Control.” In 2021 21st International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas52745.2021.9649922
• Jurist, John M. 2009. “Commercial Suborbital Sounding Rocket Market: A Role for Reusable Launch Vehicles.” Astropolitics 7 (1): 32–49. https://doi.org/10.1080/14777620902782660
• Justiz, Charles R., Ronald M. Sega, Charles Dalton, and Alex Ignatiev. 1994. “DSMC- and BGK-Based Calculations for Return Flux Contamination of an Outgassing Spacecraft.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 8 (4): 802–3. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.617
• Kala, Anisha Selva R., Jeraldin D. Auxillia, and Jessi Flora J․. 2027. “A Bernoulli Featured GRU Flow Sensor for Propellant Flowrate and Mixture Ratio Estimation in Transient Phase of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine with SHAP-Interpretability.” Aerospace Science and Technology 180: 113700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113700
• Kalanidhi, A. 1988. “Boil-off in Long-Term Stored Liquid Hydrogen.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 13 (5): 311–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(88)90055-9
• Kamps, Landon, Kazuhito Sakurai, Yuji Saito, and Harunori Nagata. 2019. “Comprehensive Data Reduction for N2O/HDPE Hybrid Rocket Motor Performance Evaluation.” Aerospace 6 (4): 45. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6040045
• Kanazaki, Masahiro, Atthaphon Ariyairt, Kazuhisa Chiba, Koki Kitagawa, and Toru Shimada. 2015. “Conceptual Design of Single-Stage Rocket Using Hybrid Rocket byMeans of Genetic Algorithm.” Procedia Engineering 99: 198–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.526
• Kanda, Takeshi, Yuuki Mishina, Shoma Hayasako, Shunta Muramatsu, Kanna Yamada, and Rina Kato. 2023. “Experimental Study on High-Frequency Combustion Instability of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines Using off-Design Combustion Model.” Acta Astronautica 202: 595–608. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.11.006
• Kandula, Max. 2008. “Near-Field Acoustics of Clustered Rocket Engines.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 309 (3–5): 852–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2007.06.078
• Kane, S. R., and J. R. Winckler. 1969. “Observations of Energetic X-Rays and Solar Cosmic Rays Associated with the 23 May 1967 Solar Flare Event.” Solar Physics 6 (2): 304–19. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00150956
• Kang, Hongjae, Dongwook Jang, and Sejin Kwon. 2016. “Demonstration of 500 N Scale Bipropellant Thruster Using Non-Toxic Hypergolic Fuel and Hydrogen Peroxide.” Aerospace Science and Technology 49: 209–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.11.038
• Kang, Hongjae, Hyuntak Kim, Seonuk Heo, Sangwoo Jung, and Sejin Kwon. 2017. “Experimental Analysis of Hydrogen Peroxide Film-Cooling Method for Nontoxic Hypergolic Thruster.” Aerospace Science and Technology 71: 751–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.10.020
• Kang, Hongjae, and Sejin Kwon. 2017. “Green Hypergolic Combination: Diethylenetriamine-Based Fuel and Hydrogen Peroxide.” Acta Astronautica 137: 25–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.04.009
• Kang, Hongjae, and Sejin Kwon. 2018. “Experiment and Speculations on Nontoxic Hypergolic Propulsion with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 55 (5): 1230–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34177
• Kang, Hongjae, Seonghyeon Park, Youngchul Park, and Jongkwang Lee. 2020. “Ignition-Delay Measurement for Drop Test with Hypergolic Propellants: Reactive Fuels and Hydrogen Peroxide.” Combustion and Flame 217: 306–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2020.04.017
• Kang, Yu-Dong, and Bing Sun. 2011. “Numerical Simulation of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber Regenerative Cooling.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 25 (1): 155–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.47701
• Kang, Zhongtao, Zhen-guo Wang, Qinglian Li, and Peng Cheng. 2018. “Review on Pressure Swirl Injector in Liquid Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 145: 174–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.12.038
• Kannengieser, Olivier, Catherine Colin, and Wladimir Bergez. 2010. “Pool Boiling with Non-Condensable Gas in Microgravity: Results of a Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Microgravity Science and Technology 22 (3): 447–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-010-9211-z
• Kaoulla, P. 1977. “Comment on ‘Localized DiamondShaped Buckling Patterns of Axially Compressed Cylindrical.” AIAA Journal 15 (5): 757–757. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60689
• Kaplan, C. J. 1961. “Selection of a Pressurization System for a Storable Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” ARS Journal 31 (6): 786–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5635
• Kapusta, Łukasz Jan, Łukasz Boruc, and Jan Kindracki. 2021. “Pressure and Temperature Effect on Hypergolic Ignition Delay of Triglyme-Based Fuel with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Fuel 287: 119370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119370
• Karimi, H., Amir Nassirharand, and M. Mohseni. 2010. “Modeling and Simulation of a Class of Liquid Propellant Engine Pressurization Systems.” Acta Astronautica 66 (3–4): 539–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2009.07.018
• Karlekar, Chinmay, and Shivprakash B. Barve. 2024. “Design of Rotation Inducing Rocket Fins and Their Analysis for Aerodynamic Stability.” Aerospace Systems 7 (4): 721–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-024-00284-3
• Kartuzova, Olga, Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel Hauser. 2025. “CFD Validation of k-Site Tank Self-Pressurization under Varying Fill Levels and Heat Fluxes with Different Turbulence Models.” Cryogenics 152: 104210. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104210
• Karuntzos, Keith. 2015. “United Launch Alliance Rideshare Capabilities for Providing Low-Cost Access to Space.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119014
• Kasem, Hossam M., and Tamer F. Megahed. 2025. “Design and Development of a Thrust Vector Control Model Rocket for High-Altitude Payload Delivery.” In 2025 26th International Middle East Power Systems Conference (MEPCON). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mepcon66918.2026.11360267
• Kassemi, Mohammad, and Sonya Hylton. 2025. “Sharp Interface CFD Analysis of Noncondensable Gas Effects on 1G and Microgravity Tank Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control.” Cryogenics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250005911
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Olga Kartuzova, and Sonya Hylton. 2018a. “Validation of Two-Phase CFD Models for Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization: Crossing Fluid Types, Scales, and Gravity Levels.” Cryogenics 89: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2017.10.019
• Kato, Susumu. 1962. “Joule Heating and Temperature in the Upper Atmosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 9 (12): 939–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90011-9
• Kawashima, T., K.-I. Oyama, K. Suzuki, N. Iwagami, and S. Teii. 1997. “A Measurement of the N2 Number Density and the N2 Vibrational Rotational Temperature in the Lower Thermosphere—Instrumentation and Preliminary Results.” Advances in Space Research 19 (4): 663–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00160-9
• Kawashima, Nobuki, Susumu Sasaki, Osamu Kaneko, Akira Yamori, Ryo Okamura, and Shoichi Okamura. 1978. “Controlled Experiment in the Ionosphere with a Rocket-Borne Plasma Gun.” Planetary and Space Science 26 (4): 367–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(78)90120-4
• Kazachevskaya, T. V., and G. S. Ivanov-Kholodnyi. 1963. “Interpretation of Data Obtained by Rocket Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere Using a Thermo-Luminescent Phosphor.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (12): 1489–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90110-7
• Ke, Peng, Chunxin Yang, Xiaowei Sun, and Xuesong Yang. 2009. “Novel Algorithm for Simulating the General Parachute-Payload System: Theory and Validation.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (1): 189–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.34240
• Keanini, R. G., N. Srivastava, P. T. Tkacik, D. C. Weggel, and P. D. Knight. 2011. “Stochastic Rocket Dynamics under Random Nozzle Side Loads: Ornstein-Uhlenbeck Boundary Layer Separation and Its Coarse Grained Connection to Side Loading and Rocket Response.” Annalen der Physik 523 (6): 459–87. https://doi.org/10.1002/andp.201000148
• Keenan, F. P., E. S. Conlon, R. J. Thomas, and W. M. Neupert. 1994. “Mgix Emission Lines in an Active Region Spectrum Obtained with the Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS).” Solar Physics 149 (2): 301–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00690618
• Keller, Horst Uwe, and Gary E. Thomas. 1973. “Determination of the Solar Lyman-Alpha Flux Independent of Calibration by Ultraviolet Observations of Comet Bennett.” Astrophysical Journal 186: L91. https://doi.org/10.1086/181365
• Kellogg, William W. 1959. “IGY Rockets and Satellites: A Report on the Moscow Meetings, August 1958.” Planetary and Space Science 1 (1): 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(59)90028-5
• Ken Gee and S. L. Lawrence. 2013. “Launch Vehicle Debris Models and Crew Vehicle Ascent Abort Risk.” In 2013 Proceedings Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rams.2013.6517689
• Kendle, D. W. 1971. “Ullage Mixing Effects on Tank Pressurization Performance.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 8 (9): 990–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59758
• Keneshea, T. J., S. P. Zimmerman, and C. R. Philbrick. 1979. “A Dynamic Model of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 27 (4): 385–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(79)90115-6
• Kerstein, Aleksander, and Miloš Krmelj. 2003. “Vega Rocket Series of Multi-Stage Amateur’s Rocket Program 1965–1968.” Acta Astronautica 53 (4–10): 811–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(03)80034-6
• Keumsang Lim, Hyangduck Cho, Jaehwan Kim, and Wooshik Kim. 2005. “A Study on the Implementation of the DSSS Modem for a Flight Termination System.” In The 7th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, 2005, ICACT 2005.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icact.2005.245840
• Khan, Aqib, and Rakesh Kumar. 2018. “Experimental Study and Passive Control of Overexpanded Plug Nozzle Jet.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 55 (3): 778–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34039
• Khan, Taj Wali, and Ihtzaz Qamar. 2020. “Optimum Characteristic Length of Gas Generator for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 176: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.06.021
• Khassanchine, R. H., A. V. Grigorevskiy, and A. N. Galygin. 2004. “Simulation of Outgassing Processes in Spacecraft Coatings Induced by Thermal Vacuum Influence.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41 (3): 384–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.10933
• Khassanchine, R. H., A. N. Timofeev, A. N. Galygin, and V. I. Kostiuk. 2006b. “Simulation of Electron Radiation on Outgassing of Spacecraft Materials.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 43 (3): 509–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.15317
• Khassanchine, R. H., A. N. Timofeev, A. V. Grigorevskiy, and A. N. Galygin. 2006a. “Influence of UV Radiation on Outgassing of Polymeric Composites.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 43 (2): 410–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.15847
• Kim, Kyu-Seop, Vikas K. Bhosale, and Sejin Kwon. 2021. “Synergistic Effect of a Hybrid Additive for Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Low Toxicity Hypergolic Propellants.” Combustion and Flame 231: 111450. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111450
• Kim, Seong-Ku, Miok Joh, Hwan Seok Choi, and Tae Seon Park. 2014a. “Effective Modeling of Conjugate Heat Transfer and Hydraulics for the Regenerative Cooling Design of Kerosene Rocket Engines.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 66 (8): 863–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2014.892396
• Kim, Seong-Ku, Miok Joh, Hwan Seok Choi, and Tae Seon Park. 2014b. “Multidisciplinary Simulation of a Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber of Liquid Rocket Engine: Turbulent Combustion and Nozzle Flow.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 70: 1066–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.10.046
• Kim, Ju Won, and Hongjae Kang. 2025. “Rapid Startup of Hydroxyethylhydrazinium Nitrate Ionic Monopropellant Thruster Using Rotating Arc Plasma Jet.” Advances in Space Research 75 (4): 3982–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.12.007
• Kim, Seung-Eock, and Chang-Sung Kim. 2002. “Buckling Strength of the Cylindrical Shell and Tank Subjected to Axially Compressive Loads.” Thin-Walled Structures 40 (4): 329–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0263-8231(01)00066-0
• Kim, Jin Seong, and Man Young Kim. 2026. “Prediction of the Radiative Base Heating from the Solid Rocket Exhaust Plume.” Aerospace Science and Technology 178: 112974. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112974
• Kim, Yeji, Gyeong-Han Lee, Sook Lee, Sang-Woo Kim, and Soo-Yong Lee. 2027. “Buckling Behavior of a Propellant Tank Dome Assembly for a Small Launch Vehicle Considering Geometric Imperfections and Manufacturing Defects.” Aerospace Science and Technology 180: 113564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113564
• Kim, Yongsam, and Charles S. Peskin. 2009. “3-D Parachute Simulation by the Immersed Boundary Method.” Computers & Fluids 38 (6): 1080–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2008.11.002
• Kimura, Iwane, Tetsuo Tomimoto, and Kenji Hiraishi. 1973. “Measurements of Wave Normal Direction of Whistler Mode Signals in the Ionosphere by Means of the Rocket-Doppler Technique.” Planetary and Space Science 21 (4): 671–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(73)90078-0
• Kinefuchi, Kiyoshi, Ikkoh Funaki, and Takashi Abe. 2013. “Prediction of in-Flight Radio Frequency Attenuation by Rocket Plume Applying Diffraction Theories.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 50 (1): 150–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a32223
• Kinefuchi, Kiyoshi, and Yutaka Umemura. 2022. “Numerical Study of Effect of Pressurant Gas Species on Thermal Behavior in Cryogenic Tank.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59 (4): 1262–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35061
• Kinefuchi, Kiyoshi, Hiroyuki Yamaguchi, Mineko Minami, Koichi Okita, and Takashi Abe. 2019. “In-Flight S-Band Telemetry Attenuation by Ionized Solid Rocket Motor Plumes at High Altitude.” Acta Astronautica 165: 373–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.09.025
• King, Merrill K. 1966. “Comment on ‘‘Spin Effects on Rocket Nozzle Performance.’’.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 3 (12): 1812–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28760
• King, Merrill K. 1972. “Boron Ignition and Combustion in Air-Augmented Rocket Afterburners.” Combustion Science and Technology 5 (1): 155–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207208952516
• King, Merrill K. 1985. “Metal Combustion Efficiency Predictions for Low L Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 22 (5): 512–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25061
• King, Merrill K. 2009. “Aluminum Combustion in a Solid Rocket Motor Environment.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 32 (2): 2107–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.006
• king-Hele, D. G. 1963. “Improved Formulae for Determining Upper-Atmosphere Density from the Change in a Satellite’s Orbital Period.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (3): 261–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90027-8
• King-Hele, D. G. 1966b. “The Semi-Annual Variation in Upper-Atmosphere Density, as Revealed by Samos 2.” Planetary and Space Science 14 (9): 863–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(66)90092-4
• King-Hele, D. G., and Eileen Quinn. 1966. “Upper-Atmosphere Density, Determined from the Orbits of Cosmos Rockets.” Planetary and Space Science 14 (10): 1023–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(66)90139-5
• Kis, Laszlo, and Bela Lantos. 2013. “GPS Based Attitude Determination Using Embedded Magnetometer Calibration.” In 21st Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2013.6608875
• Kita, K., T. Higuchi, and T. Ogawa. 1989. “Bayesian Statistical Inference of Airglow Profiles from Rocket Observational Data: Comparison with Conventional Methods.” Planetary and Space Science 37 (11): 1327–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90104-9
• “Kitt Peak National Observatory Aerobee Rocket Program.” 1972. Icarus 16 (3): 577. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(72)90105-4
• Klatte, Jörg, Nicolas Darkow, Robert Gajdacz, and Sylvain Goek. 2020. “Sloshing and Pressurization Tests for Membrane Tank: Tests, Validation and Models.” Acta Astronautica 175: 338–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.05.036
• Klimas, Paul C. 1973. “Helium Bubble Survey of an Opening Parachute Flowfield.” Journal of Aircraft 10 (9): 567–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44391
• Klimas, Paul C., and David F. Rogers. 1977. “Helium Bubble Survey of a Parachute-Opening Flowfield Using Computer Graphics Techniques.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (10): 952–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58879
• Klos, Z., Z. Zbyszynski, U. F. Agafonov, G. G. Managadze, and A. D. Mayorov. 1993. “H.F. Emission Related to the Li+ Ion Beam Injected into Ionosphere — “PLAZMA” Rocket Experiment.” Advances in Space Research 13 (10): 91–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(93)90054-f
• Knauber, R. N. 1996a. “Roll Torques Produced by Fixed-Nozzle Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33 (6): 789–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26839
• Knauber, R. N. 1996b. “Thrust Misalignments of Fixed-Nozzle Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33 (6): 794–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26840
• Knie, Miriam, Kathrin Schoppmann, Hendrik Eck, Bernard Wolfschoon Ribeiro, and Christian Laforsch. 2015. “The “Daphnia” Lynx Mark I Suborbital Flight Experiment: Hardware Qualification at the Drop Tower Bremen.” Microgravity Science and Technology 28 (3): 345–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-015-9453-x
• Knight, H. K., D. Broutman, S. D. Eckermann, and J. D. Doyle. 2021. “A Single-Mode Approximation for Gravity Waves in the Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 224: 105749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105749
• Ko, Ju Yong, Younghoon Kim, Joon Ho Lee, Honam Ok, and Taek Hyun Oh. 2019. “Venting Analysis of the Payload Fairing of Korea Space Launch Vehicle II.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 56 (4): 1039–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34319
• Koelle, Dietrich E. 1981. “The Impact of Launch Vehicle Type and Size on Development Cost.” Acta Astronautica 8 (11–12): 1195–1205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(81)90118-1
• Koelle, Dietrich E. 1984. “The Transcost-Model for Launch Vehicle Cost Estimation and Its Application to Future Systems Analysis.” Acta Astronautica 11 (12): 803–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(84)90100-0
• Koelle, D. E. 1994. “Space Launch Systems Cost Estimation as Design Tool.” Acta Astronautica 34: 175–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(94)90255-0
• Koelle, Dietrich E. 1998. “Cost Engineering – the New Paradigm for Space Launch Vehicle Design.” Journal of Reducing Space Mission Cost 1 (1): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1009916211298
• Koelle, Dr.-Ing. Dietrich E. 1999. “A Cost-Engineered Launch Vehicle for Space Tourism.” Acta Astronautica 44 (7–12): 649–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(99)00095-8
• Koiter, W. T., I. Elishakoff, Y. W. Li, and J. H. Starnes. 1994a. “Buckling of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell of Variable Thickness.” International Journal of Solids and Structures 31 (6): 797–805. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(94)90078-7
• Koizumi, Yoshiko, Manabu Shimoyama, Koh-Ichiro Oyama, Yasuhiro Murayama, Toshitaka Tsuda, and Takuji Nakamura. 2004. “Foil Chaff Ejection Systems for Rocket-Borne Measurement of Neutral Winds in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Review of Scientific Instruments 75 (7): 2346–50. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1765755
• Kokal, Uğur, Mustafa Baysal, Nur Ber Emerce, Yiğit Yıldız, Arif Karabeyoğlu, and İbrahim Özkol. 2025. “Evaluation and Performance Optimization of a Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Green Monopropellant Thruster for Steady-State Operations.” Aerospace 12 (2): 136. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020136
• Kolegov, G. A. 1962. “Variations in Upper Atmosphere Density Based on Observed Changes in the Period of Revolution of Artificial Earth Satellites.” ARS Journal 32 (3): 485–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.6038
• Kondo, Yoji. 1971. “Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Jupiter Observed from a Rocket.” Icarus 14 (2): 269–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(71)90063-7
• Kondo, Yoji. 1972. “Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry of Arcturus from a Rocket.” Astrophysical Journal 171: 605. https://doi.org/10.1086/151314
• Koomen, M. J., R. Scolnik, and R. Tousey. 1956b. “Measurements of the Night Airglow from a Rocket.” Astronomical Journal 61: 182. https://doi.org/10.1086/107412
• Koomphati, Chatrat. 2017. “Estimating the Pitch Damping Coefficient of a Fin Stabilized Rocket Using Particle Based CFD.” In 2017 Third Asian Conference on Defence Technology (ACDT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acdt.2017.7886174
• Korchak, A. A. 1971. “On the Origin of Solar Flare X-Rays.” Solar Physics 18 (2): 284–304. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00145943
• Kordig, James W., and Gerald H. Fuller. 1967. “Correlation of Nozzle Submergence Losses in Solid Rocket Motors.” AIAA Journal 5 (1): 175–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3933
• Korting, P. A. O. G., and H. J. Reitsma. 1985. “Flow Pattern in an Indoor Rocket Test Stand during Static Rocket Motor Firing.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 10 (6): 170–75. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.19850100603
• Kose, Yigithan Mehmet, and Murat Celik. 2023. “Regenerative Cooling Comparison of LOX/LCH4 and LOX/LC3H8 Rocket Engines Using the One-Dimensional Regenerative Cooling Modelling Tool ODREC.” Applied Sciences 14 (1): 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010071
• Kotzé, Pieter. 2023. “Hydrogen Lyman-Alpha Periodicity Behaviour during Various Solar Cycles.” Astrophysics and Space Science 368 (1): 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10509-023-04163-9
• Kounadis, Anthony. 2008. “Static/Dynamic Buckling of Axially Compressed Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells Using Simple Models.” AIAA Journal 46 (1): 132–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.29861
• Koushik, N., and K. Kishore Kumar. 2026. “Validation of JAGUAR-DAS Whole Neutral Atmosphere Reanalysis (JAWARA) Zonal Winds with Independent Sounding Rocket Observations over a Tropical Site.” Earth, Planets and Space 78 (1): 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-026-02388-w
• Kozlov, Alexander A., José N. Hinckel, Jorge Koreeda, and Adalberto Comiran. 1999. “Payload Evaluation of a Tripropellant Carrier Rocket.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 15 (2): 304–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5428
• Krasovskii, V. I. 1961. “Soviet Investigations of the Ionosphere Employing Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites.” Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): in7-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90185-4
• Krasovsky, V., and A. Evkin. 2021. “Experimental Investigation of Buckling of Dented Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compression.” Thin-Walled Structures 164: 107869. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107869
• Krasovsky, V., V. Marchenko, and R. Schmidt. 2011. “Deformation and Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with Local Loads in Numerical Simulation and Experiments.” Thin-Walled Structures 49 (5): 576–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2010.09.009
• Krcelic, P., R. C. Fear, D. Whiter, B. Lanchester, and N. Brindley. 2024. “Variability in the Electrodynamics of the Small Scale Auroral Arc.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 129 (7): e2024JA032623. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024ja032623
• Kretschmar, George G. 1953. “The Velocity of Sound in Some Rocket Propellant Liquids.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (2): 82–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4547
• Krieger, F. J. 1951. “Chemical Kinetics and Rocket Nozzle Design.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (6): 179–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4394
• Krier, Herman. 1972. “Solid Propellant Burning Rate during a Pressure Transient.” Combustion Science and Technology 5 (1): 69–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207208952505
• Krishna, Akhil B., Mangal Kothari, and A. Abhishek. 2023. “Guidance and Control of Spin-Stabilized Projectiles Based on Super Twisting Algorithm.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 46 (3): 518–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006758
• Krishnapriya, K., S. Sathishkumar, and S. Sridharan. 2023. “Enhanced Gravity Wave Activity in the Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Region over Tirunelveli as a Response to Tropospheric Convective Event.” Advances in Space Research 71 (11): 4710–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2023.01.029
• Krista, Larisza D. 2025. “The Extreme-Ultraviolet Precursors and Postcursors of Solar Flares.” Astrophysical Journal 980 (1): 123. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada8a5
• Kryvoruka, John K., and William T. Ashurst. 1974. “Aerodynamic and Flight Dynamic Analysis of Finned Re-Entry Vehicles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 11 (3): 135–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62028
• Kubota, N., and J. Kimura. 1977. “Oscillatory Burning of High-Pressure Exponent Double-Base Propellants.” AIAA Journal 15 (1): 126–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60608
• Kulkarni, Suresh G., and Vrushali S. Bagalkote. 2010. “Studies on Pre-Ignition Reactions of Hydrocarbon-Based Rocket Fuels Hypergolic with Red Fuming Nitric Acid as Oxidizer.” Journal of Energetic Materials 28 (3): 173–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370650903360070
• Kulkarni, Suresh G., Vrushali S. Bagalkote, Sharawati S. Patil, U. Pramodh Kumar, and V. Anil Kumar. 2009. “Theoretical Evaluation and Experimental Validation of Performance Parameters of New Hypergolic Liquid Fuel Blends with Red Fuming Nitric Acid as Oxidizer.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 34 (6): 520–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.200800061
• Kulkarni, S. G., and S. P. Panda. 1981. “Synthesis, Characterization and Hypergolicity of Aliphatic Furfurylidene Ketones with Red Fuming Nitric Acid as Oxidizer.” Combustion and Flame 40: 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(81)90107-3
• Kulkarni, S. G., and S. P. Panda. 1984. “On Synergistic Ignition of 3-Carene Blended with Cardanol with Red Fuming Nitric Acid (RFNA) as Oxidizer.” Combustion and Flame 56 (2): 241–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(84)90040-3
• Kumar, Naveen, and Ankit Bansal. 2024. “Modeling of Turbulence, Chemistry, and Heat Transfer of a Rocket Nozzle.” Acta Astronautica 223: 495–504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.07.029
• Kumar, S., and A. L. Broadfoot. 1979. “Signatures of Solar Wind Latitudinal Structure in Interplanetary Lyman-Alpha Emissions: Mariner 10 Observations.” Astrophysical Journal 228: 302. https://doi.org/10.1086/156847
• Kumar, Bholu, Prakash Kumar, Manish Kumar, Rajeev Ranjan, and Mohammed Ibrahim Sugarno. 2026. “Experimental and Computational Investigation of Mixing Enhancement in Overexpanded Supersonic Jets Using a Bevelled Nozzle with and without Limiting Tab.” Flow Measurement and Instrumentation 111: 103472. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2026.103472
• Kumar, Manish, Utpal Mandal, Angshuman Roy, and Gautam Sadhukhan. 2025a. “FPGA Implementation of Area-Efficient Digital Encoder for Flight Termination System.” In 2025 IEEE Space, Aerospace and Defence Conference (SPACE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/space65882.2025.11170643
• Kumar, Rajiv, and P. A. Ramakrishna. 2014. “Measurement of Regression Rate in Hybrid Rocket Using Combustion Chamber Pressure.” Acta Astronautica 103: 226–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.06.044
• Kumar Bihari, Bipin, Adepu Kumaraswamy, Mukesh Jain, and Krothapalli P. S. Murthy. 2022. “Assessment of Mechanical Properties of Aged Composite Propellant Using Non-Destructive Indentation Technique in Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 47 (6): e202100339. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100339
• Kumar Mishra, Nirmith, G. Harshitha, G. Vamshi Reddy, P. Anirudh, V. Aashritha, and Kiran Govind. 2023. “Computational Study on Rocket Payload Fairing.” Materials Today: Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.06.244
• Kurihara, Junichi, and Koh-Ichiro Oyama. 2005. “Rocket-Borne Instrument for Measuring Vibrational-Rotational Temperature and Density in the Lower Thermosphere.” Review of Scientific Instruments 76 (8): 083101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1988189
• Kurihara, J., K.-I. Oyama, K. Suzuki, and N. Iwagami. 2003. “Vibrational-Rotational Temperature Measurement of N2 in the Lower Thermosphere by the Rocket Experiment.” Advances in Space Research 32 (5): 725–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00407-1
• Kurt, Victoria G., Boris Yu. Yushkov, Vladimir I. Galkin, Karel Kudela, and Larisa K. Kashapova. 2017. “CORONAS-F Observation of Gamma-Ray Emission from the Solar Flare on 2003 October 29.” New Astronomy 56: 102–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newast.2017.05.002
• Kushida, Raymond, Jerry Hermel, Steve Apfel, and Michael Zydowicz. 1987. “Performance of High-Area-Ratio Nozzle for a Small Rocket Thruster.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 3 (4): 329–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.22994
• Kutlu, A., Ch. Haciyev, and O. Tekinalp. 2007. “Attitude Determination and Rotational Motion Parameters Identification of a LEO Satellite through Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Data.” In 2007 3rd International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast.2007.4284033
• Kwiek, Agnieszka, Marcin Figat, and Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski. 2023. “The Study of Selected Aspects of the Suborbital Vehicle Return Flight Trajectory.” Aerospace 10 (5): 489. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050489
• Kwon, Ohsung, Byunghun Kim, Gyoungsub Kil, Inhyun Cho, and Youngsung Ko. 2012. “Modeling the Prediction of Helium Mass Requirement for Propellant Tank Pressurization.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 49 (6): 1150–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a32073
• Laikhtman, A., I. Gouzman, R. Verker, and E. Grossman. 2009. “Contamination Produced by Vacuum Outgassing of Kapton Acrylic Adhesive Tape.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 46 (2): 236–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.31868
• Lan, Eymon, and Shanbin Shi. 2024. “Coupled Modeling and Simulation of Tank Self-Pressurization and Thermal Stratification.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 232: 125885. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.125885
• Lan, Eymon, Shanbin Shi, Wei Ji, and Mamoru Ishii. 2024. “Modeling and Simulation of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization in Normal Gravity.” Applied Thermal Engineering 236: 121628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121628
• Langhaar, H. L., A. P. Boresi, G. Love, and L. Marcus. 1965. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Reinforced by Circumferential Fiber Windings.” AIAA Journal 3 (1): 175–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2824
• Larson, Richard S. 1987. “Prediction of Aluminum Combustion Efficiency in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” AIAA Journal 25 (1): 82–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.9585
• “Launch Risk Analysis.” 1977. Microelectronics Reliability 16 (5): 551–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-2714(77)90210-4
• Lauro, G., and S. Totaro. 1995. “A Problem of Outgassing and Contamination with Multiplying Boundary Conditions.” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 195 (3): 759–77. https://doi.org/10.1006/jmaa.1995.1388
• Lawrence, Lovell. 1945. “A Liquid Propellant Rocket Motor.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (64): 8–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4056
• Lawyer, B. R. 1972. “A Model of the Hypergolic Propellant Pop Phenomena.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 9 (4): 225–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61657
• Le, Vinh Tung, Nam Seo Goo, and Jae Young Kim. 2019. “Thermomechanical Behavior of Superalloy Thermal Protection System under Aerodynamic Heating.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 56 (5): 1432–48. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34400
• Lebedinets, V. N., V. B. Shushkova, and A. D. Zhlood’ko. 1974. “Rocket Measurements and Theoretical Calculations of the Admixture Ions in the Lower Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 36 (11): 1775–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(74)90162-7
• Leble, Sergey, and Ekaterina Smirnova. 2019. “Tsunami-Launched Acoustic Wave in the Layered Atmosphere: Explicit Formulas Including Electron Density Disturbances.” Atmosphere 10 (10): 629. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10100629
• Leble, Sergey, Sergey Vereshchagin, Nataliya V. Bakhmetieva, and Gennadiy I. Grigoriev. 2021. “Study of a Gas Disturbance Mode Content Based on the Measurement of Atmospheric Parameters at the Heights of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Atmosphere 12 (9): 1123. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12091123
• Lebsock, K. L. 1980. “High Pointing Accuracy with a Momentum Bias Attitude Control System.” Journal of Guidance and Control 3 (3): 195–202. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55972
• Lee, Calvin K. 1989. “Modeling of Parachute Opening: An Experimental Investigation.” Journal of Aircraft 26 (5): 444–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45783
• Lee, Calvin K. 1994. “Radial Reefing Method for Accelerated and Controlled Parachute Opening.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (5): 1124–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46621
• Lee, Sang-Hyeon. 2016. “Pseudo-Analytic Approach to Determine Optimal Conditions for Maximizing Altitude of Sounding Rocket.” Aerospace Science and Technology 55: 64–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.05.013
• Lee, Sang-Hyeon. 2018. “Optimal Nozzle Mach Number for Maximizing Altitude of Sounding Rocket.” Aerospace Science and Technology 74: 104–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.12.019
• Lee, Sang-Hyeon, and Ralph C. Aldredge. 2015. “Analytic Approach to Determine Optimal Conditions for Maximizing Altitude of Sounding Rocket: Flight in Standard Atmosphere.” Aerospace Science and Technology 46: 374–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.004
• Lee, Y. C., M. R. Gore, and C. C. Ross. 1953. “Stability and Control of Liquid Propellant Rocket Systems.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (2): 75–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4544
• Lee, Sang-Don, Ki-Wook Jung, and Chang-Hun Lee. 2024a. “Mission Profile Analysis of Point-to-Point Rocket Cargo Transportation System Using Trajectory Optimization.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 61 (1): 263–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35766
• Lee, Seongwoo, Younghun Kim, Dongha Lee, Jiwoong Choi, Jeonghyeon Kim, and Sungwoong Choi. 2026. “Boil-Off Rate Behavior in a Double-Shell Vacuum-Insulated Cryogenic Storage Tank with Multilayer Insulation.” Aerospace 13 (2): 169. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13020169
• Lefrançois, E. 2011. “A Numerical Investigation of Side-Loads Resulting from Rigid Body Motions of an Overexpanded Engine Nozzle.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 66 (6): 671–89. https://doi.org/10.1002/fld.2268
• Lefrançois, Emmanuel, Gouri Dhatt, and Dany Vandromme. 2000. “Numerical Study of the Aeroelastic Stability of an Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” Revue Européenne des Éléments Finis 9 (6–7): 727–62. https://doi.org/10.1080/12506559.2000.10511483
• Lehmacher, Gerald A., Miguel F. Larsen, and Stephen R. Kaeppler. 2026. “Evidence for Joule Heating in Neutral Density and Temperature Anomalies Observed with Rocket Borne Ionization Gauges.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 131 (5): e2026JA035338. https://doi.org/10.1029/2026ja035338
• Lei, Wang, Li Yanzhong, Zhu Kang, and Jin Yonghua. 2015a. “Comparison of Three Computational Models for Predicting Pressurization Characteristics of Cryogenic Tank during Discharge.” Cryogenics 65: 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.11.002
• Lei, Wang, Li Yanzhong, Jin Yonghua, and Ma Yuan. 2015b. “Experimental Investigation on Pressurization Performance of Cryogenic Tank during High-Temperature Helium Pressurization Process.” Cryogenics 66: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.12.001
• Lei, Wang, Li Yanzhong, Liu Zhan, and Zhu Kang. 2015c. “Numerical Investigation of Thermal Distribution and Pressurization Behavior in Helium Pressurized Cryogenic Tank by Introducing a Multi-Component Model.” Physics Procedia 67: 392–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.047
• Lemaire, P., J. Charra, A. Jouchoux, et al. 1978. “Calibrated Full Disk Solar H I Lyman-Alpha and Lyman-Beta Profiles.” Astrophysical Journal 223: L55. https://doi.org/10.1086/182727
• Leonardi, Marco, Marco Pizzarelli, and Francesco Nasuti. 2019. “Analysis of Thermal Stratification Impact on the Design of Cooling Channels for Liquid Rocket Engines.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 135: 811–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.02.028
• Lerner, G. M., and M. D. Shuster. 1981. “In-Flight Magnetometer Calibration and Attitude Determination for near-Earth Spacecraft.” Journal of Guidance and Control 4 (5): 518–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56101
• Levine, R. S. 1965. “Experimental Status of High Frequency Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 10 (1): 1083–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(65)80248-x
• Levine, Jay N., and Joseph D. Baum. 1982. “Modeling of Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 19 (1): 769–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(82)80252-x
• Levitt, I. M. 1955. “Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 259 (4): 370. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(55)90662-1
• Lewis, J. D., and D. Harrison. 1961. “A Study of Combustion and Recombination Reactions during the Nozzle Expansion Process of a Liquid Propellent Rocket Engine.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 8 (1): 366–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80525-4
• Li, Chengen, Guobiao Cai, and Hui Tian. 2016b. “Numerical Analysis of Combustion Characteristics of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Multi-Section Swirl Injection.” Acta Astronautica 123: 26–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.02.023
• Li, Jin-ping, Shu-sheng Chen, Fang-jie Cai, and Chao Yan. 2020a. “Numerical Investigation of Vented Plume into a Supersonic Flow in the Early Stage of Rocket Hot Separation.” Aerospace Science and Technology 107: 106249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106249
• Li, Bo, Ruifei Cui, and Libin Weng. 2023e. “Thermospheric Density Response to the QBO Signal.” Atmosphere 14 (8): 1317. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081317
• Li, Zhengda, Lionel Ganippa, and Thanos Megaritis. 2026d. “Review of Liquid Rocket Engine Injector Design and Technology.” Aerospace 13 (4): 344. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13040344
• Li, Songqing, Haixiang Gao, and Jean’ne M. Shreeve. 2014a. “Borohydride Ionic Liquids and Borane/Ionic-Liquid Solutions as Hypergolic Fuels with Superior Low Ignition-Delay Times.” Angewandte Chemie 126 (11): 3013–16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201309044
• Li, Hui, and Yingqing Guo. 2022. “Modeling, Simulation and Characteristic Analysis of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Control Valve.” In 2022 13th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae56000.2022.9852836
• Li, Qiang, Guo-qiang He, Pei-jin Liu, and Jiang Li. 2014b. “Coupled Simulation of Fluid Flow and Propellant Burning Surface Regression in a Solid Rocket Motor.” Computers & Fluids 93: 146–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2014.01.028
• Li, Wentao, Yunqin He, Yiyi Zhang, and Guozhu Liang. 2025a. “Design and Optimization of Modular Solid Rocket Grain Matching Multi-Thrust Performance Curve.” Applied Sciences 15 (12): 6827. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126827
• Li, Wei-Peng, and Hai Huang. 2010. “Study of an Attitude Sensing System for Precise Pointing Hexapod.” In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icma.2010.5588455
• Li, Yang, Chunlan Jiang, Liang Mao, and Ming Li. 2020c. “Study on Transient Dynamics and Aerodynamic Characteristics of a New Type of High-Damping Four-Winged Rotating Parachute Inflation Process.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2361534
• Li, Qingfeng, Zeyun Li, and Hanxian Fang. 2022d. “Using 3D Ray Tracing Technology to Study the Disturbance Effect of Rocket Plume on Ionosphere.” Atmosphere 13 (7): 1150. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13071150
• Li, Jiachao, Guozhu Liang, Pingping Zhu, and Xi Wang. 2019a. “Numerical Investigation of the Operating Process of the Liquid Hydrogen Tank under Gaseous Hydrogen Pressurization.” Aerospace Science and Technology 93: 105327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105327
• Li, C., J. D. Mitchell, R. D. Brink, C. L. Croskey, and L. C. Hale. 1994. “Ion Properties of the High-Latitude Middle-Atmosphere.” Advances in Space Research 14 (9). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950029001
• Li, Junzhi, Xin Ning, and Yong Wang. 2025d. “A Machine Learning-Based Thermospheric Density Model with Uncertainty Quantification.” Atmosphere 16 (10): 1120. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16101120
• Li, Xiaosi, Kai Pang, and Xinyan Li. 2023d. “The Submerged Nozzle Damping Characteristics in Solid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace 10 (2): 191. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10020191
• Li, Zheng, Hartmut Pasternak, and Andreas Jäger-Cañás. 2021a. “Buckling of Ring-Stiffened Cylindrical Shell under Axial Compression: Experiment and Numerical Simulation.” Thin-Walled Structures 164: 107888. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2021.107888
• Li, Yanjun, Congyuan Qu, Jun Li, and Li Yu. 2023c. “Modelling of Parachute Airborne Clusters Flight Dynamics and Parachute Interactions.” Aerospace 10 (1): 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010051
• Li, Xintian, Hui Tian, Nanjia Yu, and Guobiao Cai. 2014c. “Experimental Investigation of Fuel Regression Rate in a HTPB Based Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 105 (1): 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.08.028
• Li, Xintian, Hui Tian, Nanjia Yu, and Guobiao Cai. 2015. “Experimental Investigation of Combustion in Axial-Injection End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 31 (3): 930–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35480
• Li, Hancheng, Roland Walter, Nicolas Produit, and Fiona Hubert. 2023b. “Measuring the Cosmic X-Ray Background Accurately.” Experimental Astronomy 56 (1): 141–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10686-023-09896-7
• Li, Chengke, Zenan Yang, Ge Wang, and Haiwei Yang. 2026a. “Effects of Helium Injection on Combustion Efficiency of Aluminum in Solid–gas Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 39 (11): 104284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2026.104284
• Li, Geng, Zhan Zhong, Peng Chen, et al. 2025c. “Experimental Study of the Low-Pressure Hypergolic Limit of a Hydrogen Peroxide/catalytic Fuel.” Fuel 388: 134455. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.134455
• Li, Jiang, Gen Zhu, Bozhi Hu, Xiang Lv, Bo Gao, and Shichang Liu. 2020b. “Simulated Experiment on Case Overheating Failure of Solid Rocket Motor under Flight Overload Condition.” Applied Thermal Engineering 172: 115135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115135
• Li, Ke, Shun Zhu, Jian Wen, Jinjia Wei, and Xiaozhen Li. 2025f. “Study on Self-Pressurization Liquid Hydrogen Tank with Multi-Layer Insulation Considering Effect of Thermodynamic Vent System Integrated with Vapor-Cooled Shield Based on Transient-State Modeling.” Energy 332: 137250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.137250
• Liang, Ge, Lei Wang, Ke Li, Bo Li, and Yanzhong Li. 2025a. “Investigation on Thermal Stratification inside a Bare-Wall Liquid Oxygen Tank with a Long Vertical Tunnel Tube during Propellant Fueling Process.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 242: 126822. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126822
• Liang, Xuanye, Lijun Yang, Gaofeng Wang, and Jingxuan Li. 2022b. “Hopf Bifurcation Analysis of the Combustion Instability in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Aerospace 9 (10): 593. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100593
• Liang, Jiqiu, Fei Zhao, Dan Wu, and Anxin Ding. 2025b. “A Numerical Method for Predicting Bursting Strength of Composite Rocket Motor Case Considering Filament Winding Process-Induced Stress.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 38 (2): 103340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2024.103340
• Licata, Richard J., and Piyush M. Mehta. 2024. “Deep Learning Based Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction for Emulators of Numerical Thermosphere Density Models.” In 2024 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cec60901.2024.10611771
• Lieberman, Ruth S. 2014. “The Gradient Wind in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Earth, Planets and Space 51 (7–8): 751–61. https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03353234
• Lijo, Vincent, Heuy Dong Kim, Toshiaki Setoguchi, and Shigeru Matsuo. 2010. “Numerical Simulation of Transient Flows in a Rocket Propulsion Nozzle.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 31 (3): 409–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.12.005
• Lin, T. C. 1981. “Numerical Study of Re-Entry Vehicle Aerodynamics in Steady Coning Motion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 18 (3): 228–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28057
• Lin, Wei-Che, and Gregory Young. 2025b. “Ignition Study of Hypergolic Solid Fuels through Counterflow Experiment Using Hydrogen Peroxide Spray.” Fuel 381: 133595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2024.133595
• Lin, Wei-Che, and Gregory Young. 2026. “Experimental Study of Ignition and Combustion of Polyethylene-Based Hypergolic Solid Fuels in a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110946. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110946
• Liu, Fang, Haofeng Chen, Jie Yang, and Xiaoxiao Wang. 2024a. “Application of Physics-Informed Machine Learning Methods in Buckling Design of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Thin-Walled Structures 200: 111963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2024.111963
• Liu, Zhan, Yuyang Feng, Gang Lei, and Yanzhong Li. 2020b. “Thermal Physical Process in a Liquid Oxygen Tank under Different Sloshing Excitations.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 117: 104771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2020.104771
• Liu, Chang-Keng, and A. P. M. Glassford. 1981. “Contamination Effect of MMH/N2O4 Rocket Plume Product Deposit.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 18 (4): 306–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28059
• Liu, Lin-lin, Xiang He, Yin Wang, Ze-bin Chen, and Quan Guo. 2020a. “Regression Rate of Paraffin-Based Fuels in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 107: 106269. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106269
• Liu, Zai, Weiwei Hui, Guoqing Chen, and Peng Cao. 2023b. “Multiscale Analyses of the Damage of Composite Rocket Motor Cases.” Frontiers in Materials 10: 1198493. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmats.2023.1198493
• Liu, Zhan, Yanzhong Li, and Yonghua Jin. 2016c. “Pressurization Performance and Temperature Stratification in Cryogenic Final Stage Propellant Tank.” Applied Thermal Engineering 106: 211–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.05.195
• Liu, Zhan, Yanzhong Li, Yonghua Jin, and Cui Li. 2017b. “Thermodynamic Performance of Pre-Pressurization in a Cryogenic Tank.” Applied Thermal Engineering 112: 801–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.124
• Liu, Yifei, Taolue Liu, Rui Ding, Fei He, and Jianhua Wang. 2024b. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Transpiration Cooling with Gradient Porosity Layout for the Thermal Protection of Nose Cone.” Aerospace Science and Technology 149: 109140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109140
• Liu, Yuanzhe, Peijin Liu, Zhuopu Wang, Wen Ao, and Yu Guan. 2023d. “Numerical Investigation of Combustion Instability in a Single-Element Liquid Rocket Engine: Intermittency Routes before and after Thermoacoustic Instability.” Aerospace Science and Technology 143: 108691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108691
• Liu, Yuanzhe, Peijin Liu, Zhuopu Wang, Wen Ao, Guanyu Xu, and Yu Guan. 2023c. “Numerical Investigation of Combustion Instability in a Liquid Rocket Engine: Interaction Effect between Hydrodynamics and Acoustic Mode.” Aerospace Science and Technology 143: 108711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108711
• Liu, Y. W., X. Liu, X. Zh. Yuan, and X. J. Wang. 2016a. “Optimizing Design of a New Zero Boil off Cryogenic Storage Tank in Microgravity.” Applied Energy 162: 1678–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.01.104
• Liu, Shun, Hongyi Lu, Bin Zhang, Yucheng Yang, and Doudou Sang. 2022c. “Study on Burning Surface Regression Algorithm under Erosive Burning Based on CT Images of Solid Rocket Motor Grain.” Aerospace 10 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010021
• Liu, Lei, and Y. Jade Morton. 2023. “Assessment of Storm-Time Ionospheric Electron Density Measurements from Spire Global CubeSat GNSS Radio Occultation Constellation.” GPS Solutions 27 (2): 75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10291-023-01414-8
• Liu, Fang, Tianye Niu, Jian-Guo Gong, Haofeng Chen, and Fu-Zhen Xuan. 2023a. “Experimental and Numerical Investigations on Buckling Behaviours of Axially Compressed Cylindrical–conical–cylindrical Shells at Elevated Temperature.” Thin-Walled Structures 184: 110549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2023.110549
• Liu, Xiaoqin, Xiaolong Pei, Zhihu Ding, and Xinru Li. 2025d. “Influence Factor Analysis of Rocket Launcher Projectile Concentration Based on Feature Extraction.” In 2025 2nd International Conference on Telecommunications and Power Electronics (TELEPE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/telepe66277.2025.00046
• Liu, Qin, Zhifei Sheng, Hongbin Shi, Hui Chen, and Jingwei Gu. 2011. “Investigation on Friction Coefficient between Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Throat Components.” In The Proceedings of 2011 9th International Conference on Reliability, Maintainability and Safety. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrms.2011.5979277
• Liu, Xiaoqi, Heng Shi, Meitu Ye, Minqi Yan, Fan Wang, and Wei Hao. 2025g. “Rapid Target Extraction in LiDAR Sensing and Its Application in Rocket Launch Phase Measurement.” Applied Sciences 15 (5): 2651. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15052651
• Liu, Di, Bing Sun, Taiping Wang, Jiawen Song, and Jianwei Zhang. 2020c. “Thermo-Structural Analysis of Regenerative Cooling Thrust Chamber Cylinder Segment Based on Experimental Data.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 33 (1): 102–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.09.023
• Liu, Hai-qing, De-chuan Sun, and Guang Xian. 2026d. “Ultrasonic Measurement and Data Processing Method for the Dynamic Burning Rate of Large-Scale Solid Rocket Motors.” Measurement 257: 118672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118672
• Liu, Jiahao, Yinghong Wang, Xinyang Li, and Junhao Cong. 2023g. “Using the Impulse Method to Determine High-Pressure Dynamic Burning Rate of Solid Propellants.” Aerospace 10 (9): 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10090818
• Liu, Peijin, Muxin Wang, Wenjing Yang, Vikrant Gupta, Yu Guan, and Larry K. B. Li. 2018. “Modified Computation of the Nozzle Damping Coefficient in Solid Rocket Motors.” Acta Astronautica 143: 391–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2017.12.006
• Liu, Y. W., R. J. Wu, P. Yang, T. G. Wang, H. H. Liu, and L. H. Wang. 2016b. “Parameter Study of the Injection Configuration in a Zero Boil-off Hydrogen Storage Tank Using Orthogonal Test Design.” Applied Thermal Engineering 109: 283–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.08.051
• Liu, Dan, Junfeng Yang, Xiong Hu, Xuan Cheng, and Cunying Xiao. 2022b. “Simulation of the Impact of Instantaneous Solar UV Radiation Enhancements on the Middle Atmosphere via UV Radiation Reconstruction.” Atmosphere 13 (9): 1386. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13091386
• Liu, Zhan, Xin Yin, Yuanliang Liu, Yanzhong Li, and Martin Andersson. 2023f. “Thermodynamic Performance in a Liquid Oxygen Tank during Active-Pressurization under Different Gas Injection Temperatures.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 140: 106477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106477
• Liu, Haozhuo, Pengyu Zhang, Yanxue Zhang, and Xinhua Zhao. 2025a. “Atmospheric Density Error Propagation Model and Sensitivity Analysis Based on Falling-Sphere Technology.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 645–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.224
• Long, K., P. C. Agrawal, and G. Garmire. 1975. “Centaurus X-3: New Low- and Medium-Energy X-Ray Observations.” Astrophysical Journal 197. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750045680
• Long, Teng, Haoda Li, Renhe Shi, Rong Chen, Baoshou Zhang, and Nianhui Ye. 2026. “Multidisciplinary Modeling and Dynamic Kriging Assisted Optimization for Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Advances in Space Research 77 (10): 10640–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.03.053
• Longren, Dennis R. 1970. “Stage Separation Dynamics of Spin-Stabilized Rockets.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (4): 434–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29959
• Longsworth, Ralph C. 1986. “4484458 Apparatus for Condensing Liquid Cryogen Boil-off.” Conservation & Recycling 9 (1): 154–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/0361-3658(86)90178-5
• Louw, Albertus Stephanus, Marco Rotondi, Landon Kamps, and Toru Shimada. 2026. “Hybrid Rocket Motor Performance Dispersion and Its Mitigation through Real-Time State Estimation and Feedback Control.” Aerospace 13 (7): 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13070639
• Low, C. H. 1967. “Atmospheric Temperature Measurement above 100 Km Altitude from AlO Spectra.” Planetary and Space Science 15 (1): 199. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(67)90075-x
• Lowrie, Richard W. 1960. “A Device for Automatically Tracking the Roll Position of a Missile.” IRE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry SET-6 (2): 67–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/iret-set.1960.5008717
• Lu, G., and Renjie Mao. 2001. “A Study of the Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with a Thick-Shell Theory.” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 43 (10): 2319–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7403(01)00039-x
• Lu, Ce, Wei Rong, Zhuangzhi Wu, et al. 2025. “A New Parameter Identification Strategy of Parachute Inflation Phase Based on Monocular Video.” Aerospace Science and Technology 164: 110408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110408
• Lu, Tianyu, Xiaosheng Wu, Juanmian Lei, and Jintao Yin. 2018. “Numerical Study on the Aerodynamic Coupling Effects of Spinning and Coning Motions for a Finned Vehicle.” Aerospace Science and Technology 77: 399–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.03.027
• Lübken, F.-J. 1996. “Rocket-Borne Measurements of Small Scale Structures and Turbulence in the Upper Atmosphere.” Advances in Space Research 17 (11): 25–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00727-v
• Lübken, F.-J. 1997. “Aerodynamical Effects in Number Density Measurements in the Lower Thermosphere with the CONE Instrument.” Advances in Space Research 19 (1): 139–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(96)00044-0
• Lübken, Franz-Josef. 2022. “Physics in the Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere: A Personal Perspective.” Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences 9: 1000766. https://doi.org/10.3389/fspas.2022.1000766
• Lubken, F.-J., W. Hillert, G. Lehmacher, et al. 1994. “Intercomparison of Density and Temperature Profiles Obtained by Lidar, Ionizatoin Gauges, Falling Spheres, Datasondes and Radiosondes during the DYANA Campaign.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 56 (13–14). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950054367
• Luchinsky, Dmitry G., Vyatcheslav V. Osipov, Vadim N. Smelyanskiy, Dogan A. Timucin, and Serdar Uckun. 2008. “Model Based IVHM System for the Solid Rocket Booster.” In 2008 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2008.4526644
• Lucy, Melvin H. 1968. “Spin Acceleration Effects on Some Full-Scale Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (2): 179–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29212
• Ludwig, C., and M. E. Dreyer. 2014. “Investigations on Thermodynamic Phenomena of the Active-Pressurization Process of a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” Cryogenics 63: 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.05.005
• Luhmann, J. G., and J. B. Blake. 1978. “Rocket Altitude Atmospheric X-Rays from Magnetospheric Electrons at Low and Middle Latitudes.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 40 (4): 465–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(78)90178-2
• Luo, Shibin, Zhongding Tang, Jiawen Song, Jun Liu, and Daiwei Li. 2025. “Transient Numerical Investigation on Coupled Heat Transfer of Regenerative Cooling Channels with Typical Lattice Sandwich Structures.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 169: 109751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.109751
• Lux, Johannes, Dmitry Suslov, and Oskar Haidn. 2008. “On Porous Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Injectors.” Aerospace Science and Technology 12 (6): 469–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2007.11.004
• Lv, Junjie, Guanquan Du, Ping Jin, and Ruizhi Li. 2023a. “Heat Transfer Analysis and Structural Optimization for Spiral Channel Regenerative Cooling Thrust Chamber.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2023: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/8628107
• Lv, Junjie, Yushan Gao, Ping Jin, et al. 2023b. “A Simplified One-Dimensional Transient Heat Transfer Model for Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Applied Thermal Engineering 218: 119379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119379
• Lykhachova, O., and A. Evkin. 2020. “Effect of Plasticity in the Concept of Local Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Thin-Walled Structures 155: 106965. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2020.106965
• Ma, Liheng, Dongkai Dai, and Yuanman Ni. 2025. “How to Improve the Attitude Accuracy of the Star Sensor under Dynamic Conditions: A Review.” Acta Astronautica 233: 42–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.03.043
• Ma, Hongliang, and Shijie Xu. 2014. “Magnetometer-Only Attitude and Angular Velocity Filtering Estimation for Attitude Changing Spacecraft.” Acta Astronautica 102: 89–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.05.002
• Mabie, Justin, and Terence Bullett. 2022. “Multiple Cusp Signatures in Ionograms Associated with Rocket-Induced Infrasonic Waves.” Atmosphere 13 (6): 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060958
• Machado, Humberto Araujo. 2025. “Radiative Heat Flux Estimation in Solid Propellant Rocket Plumes.” Brazilian Journal of Physics 55 (6): 249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13538-025-01889-5
• Mackay, John S. 1960. “Approximate Solution for Rocket Flight with Linear-Tangent Thrust Attitude Control.” ARS Journal 30 (11): 1091–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5323
• MacKenzie, E. C., and J. Sayers. 1966. “A Radio Frequency Electron Density Probe for Rocket Investigation of the Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 14 (8): 731–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(66)90103-6
• MacLaren, A. J., and H. D. Trudeau. 1993. “Solid Rocket Motor Space Launch Vehicles.” Acta Astronautica 30: 165–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(93)90108-9
• Madden, Ragan Burt. 1972. “A Statistical Analvsis of the Roll Rate of a Launch Vehicle under the Influence of Random Fin Misalignments.” AIAA Journal 10 (3): 324–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50094
• Maddu, Sujatha, Tanu Srivastava, Naresh Kumar Katari, Karuna Merugu, Rambabu Gundla, and S. Krishna Mohan. 2023. “Studies on Ablative Performance of Silicone Low-Density Ablative Material.” Silicon 15 (8): 3599–3608. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02289-7
• Madsen, Jared, and E. Glenn Lightsey. 2004. “Robust Spacecraft Attitude Determination Using Global Positioning System Receivers.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41 (4): 635–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.1324
• Maeda, K., and K. Hiaro. 1962. “A Review of Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research in Japan.” Planetary and Space Science 9 (7): 355–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(62)90078-8
• Magasiny, Irving P. 1955. “A Versatile Automatic Data Separation System for Pulse Multiplex Telemetering Systems.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-1 (1): 5–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1955.6538800
• Magnucka-Blandzi, E., and K. Magnucki. 2004. “Elastic Buckling of an Axially Compressed Open Circular Cylindrical Shell.” PAMM 4 (1): 546–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200410254
• Magnucki, K., and M. Maćkiewicz. 2006. “Elastic Buckling of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Panel with Three Edges Simply Supported and One Edge Free.” Thin-Walled Structures 44 (4): 387–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2006.04.004
• Mahdy, W. M., Linjuan Wang, Fengrui Liu, and Libin Zhao. 2024. “The Competition between Buckling and Stress Failure of Degraded Composite Cylindrical Shell under Combined Axial Compression and External Pressure Loads.” Thin-Walled Structures 199: 111731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2024.111731
• Maimaiti, Maimaitirebike, and Reyhan Baktur. 2013. “Wraparound S-Band and GPS Antenna Arrays for Sounding Rocket Sub-Payload.” In 2013 US National Committee of URSI National Radio Science Meeting (USNC-URSI NRSM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/usnc-ursi-nrsm.2013.6525034
• Maitra, S. N. 1985. “Constant Thrust Programming for a Multistage Rocket Flown in Vacuum with a Given Initial/final Thrust-to-Weight Ratio in an Arbitrary Stage.” Sadhana 8 (4): 373–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02835612
• Maitra, S. N. 1988. “Analytical Solutions to Rocket Performance with an Arbitrary Thrust Programme Having Constant Thrust Inclination with Respect to the Horizon in Vacuum.” Sadhana 12 (4): 339–52. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02812170
• Majmudar, Neeta H., and P. V. Kulkarni. 1980. “Experimental Evidence of Gravity Waves at 80–90 Km Altitude from OH Night Airglow Observations.” Journal of Earth System Science 89 (1): 109–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02841523
• Majumdar, Alok, and Todd Steadman. 2001. “Numerical Modeling of Pressurization of a Propellant Tank.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 17 (2): 385–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5754
• Majumdar, Alok, Juan Valenzuela, Andre LeClair, and Jeff Moder. 2016b. “Numerical Modeling of Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control by a Thermodynamic Vent System in a Cryogenic Tank.” Cryogenics 74: 113–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2015.12.001
• Majury, Luke, Ryan Milligan, Elizabeth Butler, Harry Greatorex, and Maria Kazachenko. 2025. “Spectral Irradiance Variability in Lyman-Alpha Emission during Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 300 (5): 64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-025-02476-2
• Makovky, A., and A. Salmon. 1958. “Effects of Additives on Ignition Delay of the System, White Fuming Nitric Acid: Turpentine.” Journal of Applied Chemistry 8 (10): 670–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/jctb.5010081009
• Malave, Vincent, Brian Burkitt, Bill Riegler, Roy Johnson, and Rob Thomaier. 2011. “Uniquely Customized Ultra-Low-Outgassing Silicones to Reduce Contamination.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 48 (2): 235–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.49476
• Malhotra, Sangeeta. 2018. “Lyman-Alpha Comes of Age.” Nature Astronomy 2 (8): 625–26. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0539-4
• Mambo, Masayoshi, Tetsuo Fukami, Toshimi Okada, Isamu Nagano, and Iwane Kimura. 2000. “Measurement of Electron Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere during Nighttime by Rocket Observations of MF and VLF Radio Waves.” Electronics and Communications in Japan (Part I: Communications) 83 (2): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1520-6424(200002)83:2<20::aid-ecja3>3.3.co;2-d
• Mameli, Mauro, Stefano Piacquadio, Alessandro Simone Viglione, et al. 2019. “Start-Up and Operation of a 3D Hybrid Pulsating Heat Pipe on Board a Sounding Rocket.” Microgravity Science and Technology 31 (3): 249–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-9682-5
• Manda, Leo J. 1966. “Spin Effects on Rocket Nozzle Performance.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 3 (11): 1695–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28733
• Manju, G., R. Sridharan, Sudha Ravindran, et al. 2012. “Rocket Borne in-Situ Electron Density and Neutral Wind Measurements in the Equatorial Ionosphere—Results from the January 2010 Annular Solar Eclipse Campaign from India.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 86: 56–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2012.06.009
• Manson, A. H. 1992. “Dynamics of the Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Region from Radar Observations.” Advances in Space Research 12 (10): 67–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90445-4
• Mao, Huina, Thomas Sinn, Massimiliano Vasile, and Gunnar Tibert. 2016a. “Post-Launch Analysis of the Deployment Dynamics of a Space Web Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Acta Astronautica 127: 345–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.009
• Mao, XueRui, ShuXing Yang, and Yong Xu. 2007. “Coning Motion Stability of Wrap around Fin Rockets.” Science in China Series E: Technological Sciences 50 (3): 343–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-007-0026-0
• Marchi, Carlos Henrique, Fernando Laroca, António Fábio Carvalho da Silva, and José Nivaldo Hinckel. 2004. “Numerical Solutions of Flows in Rocket Engines with Regenerative Cooling.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 45 (7): 699–717. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407780490424307
• Marcos, F. A., H. B. Garrett, K. S. W. Champion, and J. M. Forbes. 1977. “Density Variations in the Lower Thermosphere from Analysis of the AE-C Accelerometer Measurements.” Planetary and Space Science 25 (5): 499–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(77)90082-4
• Marew, Habtamu, and Jaroslav Chum. 2026. “Estimating Sporadic E Horizontal Drift Parameters over Central Europe: First Results from Doppler Sounding.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 282: 106807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2026.106807
• Margon, B., R. Malina, S. Bowyer, R. Cruddace, and M. Lampton. 1976. “An Ultrasoft X-Ray Source in Coma Berenices.” Astrophysical Journal 203. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760037074
• Mariani, F. 1956. “Some Considerations on Temperature Effects in the Upper Atmosphere.” Il Nuovo Cimento 4 (S4): 1579–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02746324
• Marothiya, Gaurav, and P. A. Ramakrishna. 2017. “Enhancement of Aluminum Reactivity to Achieve High Burn Rate for an End Burning Rocket Motor.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42 (7): 816–25. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201600304
• Marsh, Andrew W., Gwendolyn T. Wang, Jeffery D. Heyborne, Daniel R. Guildenbecher, and Yi Chen Mazumdar. 2021. “Time-Resolved Size, Velocity, and Temperature Statistics of Aluminum Combustion in Solid Rocket Propellants.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38 (3): 4417–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.08.010
• Martelli, E., P. P. Ciottoli, M. Bernardini, F. Nasuti, and M. Valorani. 2017a. “Detached-Eddy Simulation of Shock Unsteadiness in an Overexpanded Planar Nozzle.” AIAA Journal 55 (6): 2016–28. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j055273
• Martelli, E., P. P. Ciottoli, L. Saccoccio, F. Nasuti, M. Valorani, and M. Bernardini. 2019. “Characterization of Unsteadiness in an Overexpanded Planar Nozzle.” AIAA Journal 57 (1): 239–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j057162
• Martelli, Emanuele, Francesco Nasuti, and Marcello Onofri. 2010. “Numerical Calculation of FSS/RSS Transition in Highly Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle Flows.” Shock Waves 20 (2): 139–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0244-4
• Martin, James A. 1989. “Rocket Nozzle Expansion Ratio Analysis for Dual-Fuel Earth-to-Orbit Vehicles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 26 (3): 196–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26053
• Martinez-Sanchis, Daniel, Andrej Sternin, Tiziano Santese, and Oskar J. Haidn. 2023. “The Role of Turbulence in the Characteristic Velocity and Length of Rocket Combustors.” Aerospace Science and Technology 134: 108158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108158
• Martyn, D. 1959. “The Normal F Region of the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 47 (2): 147–55. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1959.287259
• Marxman, Gerald A., and Charles E. Wooldridge. 1969. “Finite-Amplitude Axial Instability in Solid-Rocket Combustion.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 12 (1): 115–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(69)80396-6
• Mason, David M. 1956. “Properties of Fuming Nitric Acid Affecting Its Storage and Use as a Rocket Propellant.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 26 (9): 741–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.7130
• Mason, C. J., and J. J. Horvath. 1976. “The Direct Measurement of Nitric Oxide Concentration in the Upper Atmosphere by a Rocket-Borne Chemiluminescent Detector.” Geophysical Research Letters 3. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760055426
• Massa, L. 2009. “Spatial Linear Analysis of the Flow in a Solid Rocket Motor with Burning Walls.” Combustion and Flame 156 (4): 865–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2008.11.007
• Massey, H. S. W. 1955. “High Altitude Rocket Research.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 6 (1–6): 176. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(55)90027-1
• Mathes, H. B. 1961. “Measurement Problems in Research on Unstable Combustion of Solid Rocket Propellants.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 8 (1): 894–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80587-4
• Mathesius, Kelly J., Michael E. Knotts, Matthew T. Vernacchia, and R. John Hansman. 2025b. “Experimental Study of Low-Thrust, End-Burning Solid Rocket Motors Including Plume Radiant Emission.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 62 (2): 365–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36028
• Mathesius, Kelly J., Peter D. Sharpe, and R. John Hansman. 2025a. “End-to-End Differentiable Model for Optimization of Rocket-Powered Vehicles Including Plume Radiant Emission.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 62 (3): 774–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36168
• Matsuura, Yoshiki, Shigeyasu Iihara, and Yosuke Tashiro. 2014. “Hypergolic Propellant Ignition Phenomenon Associated with Two-Phase Oxidizer Flow Injection.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 30 (5): 1399–1409. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35203
• Matsuura, Yoshiki, Naoki Matsuda, Yousuke Tashiro, and Tomomi Naka. 2024. “Analysis of Unstable Combustion Caused by the Gas–Liquid Two-Phase Flow in Small Hypergolic Propellant Engines.” Acta Astronautica 225: 625–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.09.033
• Matsuzaki, A., Y. Nakamura, and T. Itoh. 1981. “Rocket-Borne Spectrometer to Measure the near Infrared Absorption Spectrum of the Upper Atmosphere.” Review of Scientific Instruments 52 (11): 1685–89. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1136515
• Mattice, Michael S. 1993. “A Nonlinear Flexible Pointing System for Digital Control Research.” In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4792913
• Matveev, Konstantin I., and Jacob W. Leachman. 2023. “The Effect of Liquid Hydrogen Tank Size on Self-Pressurization and Constant-Pressure Venting.” Hydrogen 4 (3): 444–55. https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrogen4030030
• Maulana, Ageng, Yahan Nuryadi, and Naniek Anidani. 2011. “Algorithm Payload for Test Load Rocket Lapan 2009 Using Atmega 128.” In 2011 2nd International Conference on Instrumentation Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ica.2011.6130160
• May, B. R. 1966. “The Effect of a Rotation of the Atmosphere on the Calculated Diurnal Variation of Upper-Air Density and Temperature.” Planetary and Space Science 14 (8): 657–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(66)90098-5
• Mayberry, John L., James W. Kordig, Richard J. Zeamer, and Stanley C. Browning. 1968. “Correlation of Graphite Nozzle Throat Erosion in Solid-Rocket Motors.” AIAA Journal 6 (11): 2222–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4972
• Mayer, E. 1959. “Vaporization Rate Limited Combustion in Bipropellant Rocket Chambers.” ARS Journal 29 (7): 505–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4814
• Mayer, Ernest. 1961. “Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer in Rocket Nozzles.” ARS Journal 31 (7): 911–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5675
• Mayer, Wolfgang, and Hiroshi Tamura. 1996. “Propellant Injection in a Liquid Oxygen/gaseous Hydrogen Rocket Engine.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 12 (6): 1137–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.24154
• Mazzaracchio, Antonio. 2022. “Altitude Maximization for Small Subsonic Low-Power Unguided Rockets.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59 (2): 497–510. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35209
• McAllister, Howard C. 1971a. “Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum Recorded by Echelle Spectrograph (1970 to 1800 ?).” Solar Physics 21 (1): 27–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00155769
• McAllister, H. C. 1971b. “Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum Recorded by Echelle Spectrograph (1970 to 1800 A).” Solar Physics 21. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720046037
• McAllister, H. C., and P. H. Smith. 1975a. “Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum (1889-1969 Angstroms).” Solar Physics 41. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750045954
• McAllister, Howard C., and Peter H. Smith. 1975b. “Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum (1889?1969 �Ngstr�ms).” Solar Physics 41 (1): 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00152951
• McCool, Alexander A., Adas J. Verble, and Jack H. Potter. 1980. “Space Transportation System Solid Rocket Booster Thrust Vector Control System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 17 (5): 407–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57759
• McDonald, J. N., and P. J. S. Williams. 1986. “Electron Temperature and Electron Density in the F-Region of the Ionosphere. I. Observed Relationship.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 48 (6): 545–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(86)90088-7
• McTiernan, James M., and Vahe Petrosian. 1990. “The Hard X-Rays and Gamma Rays from Solar Flares.” Astrophysical Journal 359: 541. https://doi.org/10.1086/169085
• “Measurements of the Electrostatic Field Strength near the Surface of a Rocket during Flight in the Ionosphere.” 1964. Planetary and Space Science 12 (6): 646. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(64)90014-5
• Mechentel, Flora S., Blake R. Hord, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2020. “Optically Resolved Fuel Regression of a Clear Polymethylmethacrylate Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 36 (5): 763–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37805
• Mechtly, E. A., C. F. Sechrist, and L. G. Smith. 1972. “Electron Loss Coefficients for the D-Region of the Ionosphere from Rocket Measurements during the Eclipses of March 1970 and November 1966.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 34 (4): 641–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(72)90151-1
• Medvedev, Andrey V., Konstantin G. Ratovsky, Maxim V. Tolstikov, Roman V. Vasilyev, and Maxim F. Artamonov. 2019. “Method for Determining Neutral Wind Velocity Vectors Using Measurements of Internal Gravity Wave Group and Phase Velocities.” Atmosphere 10 (9): 546. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos10090546
• Mehta, R. C. 1981. “Estimation of Heat-Transfer Coefficient in a Rocket Nozzle.” AIAA Journal 19 (8): 1085–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.7846
• Mehta, Yogesh, Vikas N. Bhargav, and Rajan Kumar. 2023. “Control of High-Temperature Impinging Jet Issued from Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 60 (2): 568–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35516
• Meinköhn, Dirk. 2001. “Liquid-Fuelled Rocket Propulsion: The Role of Atomization Processes in Combustion Chamber Instabilities.” ZAMM - Journal of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics / Zeitschrift für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik 81 (S3): 551–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/zamm.20010811554
• Meisl, Claus J. 1988. “Life-Cycle-Cost Considerations for Launch Vehicle Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 4 (2): 118–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23039
• Melcher, John C., Herman Krier, and Rodney L. Burton. 2002. “Burning Aluminum Particles inside a Laboratory-Scale Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 18 (3): 631–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5977
• Melo, Stella M. L., Hisao Takahashi, B. R. Clemesha, Paulo P. Batista, and D. M. Simonich. 1996. “Atomic Oxygen Concentrations from Rocket Airglow Observations in the Equatorial Region.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58 (16): 1935–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)00192-1
• “Memorandum on the Mechanics of Rocket Flight.” 1935. Astronautics 5 (31): 9–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10131
• Mendenhall, J. A., and D. N. Burrows. 2001. “CCD Sounding Rocket Observation of the High-Latitude Soft X-Ray Background.” Astrophysical Journal 563 (2): 716–23. https://doi.org/10.1086/323682
• Mendillo, Michael. 1981. “The Effect of Rocket Launches on the Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 1 (2): 275–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(81)90302-1
• Mendoza, Paull C. Acosta, Rene F. B. Gonçalves, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, and Luís Gustavo Ferroni Pereira. 2025. “Composition Optimization of a Hypergolic Green Propellant Based on Monoethanolamine, n-Butanol and 90% Hydrogen Peroxide.” Acta Astronautica 229: 140–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.12.059
• Meng, Xiangyu, Hui Tian, Xinglun Chen, et al. 2023. “Numerical Simulation of Combustion Surface Regression Based on Butterworth Filter in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 202: 400–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.11.003
• Mengu, Dinesh, and Rajiv Kumar. 2024. “Evaluation of Combustion Stability of Single and Multi-Protrusion Inserted Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 219: 761–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.03.054
• Menshenin, Yaroslav, and Edward Crawley. 2019. “Applying the Model-Based Concept Framework to Capturing the Safety Aspects of the Suborbital Human Spaceflight Missions.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 6 (4): 235–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2019.10.008
• Meriwether, John W. 1979. “Measurement of Weak Airglow Emissions with a Programmable Scanning Spectrometer.” Planetary and Space Science 27 (10): 1221–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(79)90101-6
• Merryman, S. A., J. C. Little, R. G. Phillips, and L. B. Gordon. n.d. “Characterizing Space Vacuum Contamination Due to Outgassing from Dielectrics.” In Proceedings. IEEE Energy and Information Technologies in the Southeast’. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/secon.1989.132648
• Meyer, Rudolf X. 1992. “In-Flight Formation of Slag in Spinning Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (1): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23440
• Meza, A. M., C. A. Brunini, and A. Kleusberg. 2002. “Global Behaviour of the Ionosphere Electron Density Using GPS Observations.” Advances in Space Research 30 (2): 307–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00300-9
• Miao, Xun, Jianxin Hu, Yiyi Xu, et al. 2024b. “Thermal–structural Response and Life Prediction of Lattice Regenerative Cooling Thrust Chambers in Liquid Rocket Engines Based on a Simplified Viscoplastic Model.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 159: 108254. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108254
• Miao, Qiuwen, Zhibin Shen, Huihui Zhang, and Haitao Sun. 2022. “Multiobjective Optimization Method of Solid Rocket Motor Finocyl Grain Based on Surrogate Model.” Aerospace 9 (11): 679. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110679
• Michalareas, G., S. B. Gabriel, and E. Rogers. n.d. “Spacecraft Attitude Estimation Based on Magnetometer Measurements and the Covariance Intersection Algorithm [Nanosatellites].” In Proceedings, IEEE Aerospace Conference, vol. 5. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2002.1035387
• Mikolaitis, David W., Corin Segal, and Abhilash Chandy. 2003. “Ignition Delay for Jet Propellant 10/Air and Jet Propellant 10/High-Energy Density Fuel/Air Mixtures.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 19 (4): 601–6. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6147
• Militký, Jiří, Jakub Wiener, Dana Křemenáková, and Mohanapriya Venkataraman. 2025. “Shock Thermal Resistance of Parachute Fabrics.” Eng 6 (4): 80. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng6040080
• Miller, Eugene. 1966. “Hybrid Rocket Combustion Regression Rate Model.” AIAA Journal 4 (4): 752–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3540
• Miller, Miles C. 1981. “Void Characteristics of a Liquid-Filled Cylinder Undergoing Spinning and Coning Motion.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 18 (3): 286–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57818
• Miller, Kelsea K., Shannon E. Creegan, Daniel K. Unruh, et al. 2023. “Acid-Base Synthesis of Aluminum Iodate Hexahydrate Powder as a Promising Propellant Oxidizer.” Chemical Engineering Journal 453: 139953. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.139953
• Miller, S. C., Jr., R. Mercure, and William A. Rense. 1956. “Lyman-Alpha Intensity and Solar Limb Darkening from Rocket Spectrograms.” Astrophysical Journal 124: 580. https://doi.org/10.1086/146263
• Miller, Matthew J., Bradley A. Steinfeldt, and Robert D. Braun. 2015. “Investigation of Drag-Modulated Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators for Sounding Rocket Payloads.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 52 (2): 383–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a33087
• Milligan, Ryan O. 2021. “Solar Irradiance Variability Due to Solar Flares Observed in Lyman-Alpha Emission.” Solar Physics 296 (3): 51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-021-01796-3
• Milne, Benjamin, Sean Samson, Robert Carrese, Alessandro Gardi, and Roberto Sabatini. 2023. “High-Fidelity Dynamics Modelling for the Design of a High-Altitude Supersonic Sounding Rocket.” Designs 7 (1): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/designs7010032
• Mingori, D. L., and J. A. Harrison. 1974. “Circularly Constrained Particle Motion in Spinning and Coning Bodies.” AIAA Journal 12 (11): 1553–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.49544
• Mioc, V. 1983. “Values of the Atmospheric Density at 280 Km Obtained from Spin Drag Data of COSMOS 54 Rocket.” Astronomische Nachrichten 304 (6): 317–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/asna.2113040607
• Miquel Parra, L., G. Acampa, E. Castoldi, et al. 2024. “Autonomous Flight Termination System: The Need for an International Regulatory Frame.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 11 (1): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2023.11.013
• Misterek, D. L., J. W. Murdock, and S. Koshigoe. 1993. “Gas-Dynamic Flow in a Spinning, Coning Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 9 (1): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11482
• Mitchell, C. E., L. Crocco, and W. A. Sirignano. 1969. “Nonlinear Longitudinal Instability in Rocket Motors with Concentrated Combustion.” Combustion Science and Technology 1 (1): 35–64. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102206908952190
• Mitra, A. P. 1978. “The D-Region of the Ionosphere.” Endeavour 2 (1): 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-9327(78)90028-5
• Miura, Masashi. 2010. “State Estimation and Quick Trajectory Optimization for Air-Launch Rocket.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43 (15): 148–53. https://doi.org/10.3182/20100906-5-jp-2022.00026
• Miyahara, S., and J. M. Forbes. 1992. “Tide/gravity-Wave/mean-Flow Interactions in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 12 (10): 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(92)90439-5
• Miyajima, Hiroshi, and Hiroshi Sakamoto. 1971. “Gas Phase Ignition of a Hypergolic Propellant System.” Combustion Science and Technology 3 (5): 207–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102207108952288
• Miyamoto, Shotaro. 1953. “Theoretical Contour for the Solar Lyman Alpha Radiation.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 5 (2): 74–87. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/5.2.74
• Miyamoto, Shotaro. 1954. “Note on the Interpretation of the Solar Lyman Alpha Radiation.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 6 (4): 229–31. https://doi.org/10.1093/pasj/6.4.229
• Miyano, Tomoyuki, Shuichi Matsumoto, Yusuke Suzuki, Takashi Mugitani, and Naohiko Kohtake. 2001. “H-IIA Rocket Range Safety: GPS Application.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34 (15): 229–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)40732-4
• Miyazaki, Noriyuki. 1988. “Creep Buckling Analysis of Circular Cylindrical Shell under Both Axial Compression and Internal or External Pressure.” Computers & Structures 28 (4): 437–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(88)90017-x
• Mladenov, K. A., and Y. Sugiyama. 1997. “Stability of a Jointed Free–free Beam under End Rocket Thrust.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 199 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1006/jsvi.1996.0625
• Mlynczak, Martin G. 1997. “Energetics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere and the SABER Experiment.” Advances in Space Research 20 (6): 1177–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00769-2
• Mo, Bo, En-yu Gao, and Shu-xing Yang. 2007. “Research on Spin Rocket Double-Channel Proportional Control Characteristics.” In Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Informatio and Control (ICICIC 2007). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2007.486
• Moffett, R. J. 1973. “On the Diurnal Variations of Total Mass Density, Number Density and Temperature in the Upper Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 21 (8): 1457–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(73)90238-9
• Mokrov, E. A. 2001. “The Problem of Developing Transducers in Information Measurement Systems of Space-Rocket Facilities.” Measurement Techniques 44 (12): 1178–85. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1014709801747
• Molchanov, Alexander G., and Yulii V. Platov. 2010. “Gas Dynamics of a Rocket Plume in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Russian Laser Research 31 (5): 410–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10946-010-9162-2
• “Monkey’s Rocket Trip Indicates Man Can Survive Weightlessness.” 1959. School Science and Mathematics 59 (3): 248–248. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.1959.tb08226.x
• Monsignori Fossi, B. C., G. Poletto, and G. L. Tagliaferri. 1969. “An Outstanding Lyman-Alpha Event.” Solar Physics 10 (1): 196–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00146169
• Montaini, Andrea, and Stefania Carlotti. 2026. “Modular Design and Optimization Framework for Pressure-Fed Rocket Upper Stages.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 63 (4): 1270–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36622
• Monti, R., R. Fortezza, G. Desiderio, G. Capuano, and D. Titomanlio. 1992. “Telemaxus: A Telescience Oriented Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Acta Astronautica 26 (8–10): 563–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(92)90147-b
• Moos, H. Warren, William G. Fastie, and M. Bottema. 1969. “Rocket Measurement of Ultraviolet Spectra of Venus and Jupiter between 1200 and 1800 Å.” Astrophysical Journal 155: 887. https://doi.org/10.1086/149919
• Morales-Ospino, R., A. Celzard, and V. Fierro. 2023. “Strategies to Recover and Minimize Boil-off Losses during Liquid Hydrogen Storage.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 182: 113360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2023.113360
• Moran, Thomas G. 2002. “Solar and Heliospheric Observatory/Solar Ultraviolet Measurements of Estimated Radiation Ultraviolet Array Detector Distortion Correction.” Review of Scientific Instruments 73 (11): 3982–87. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1512326
• Moreschi, Laura D., and Walkiria Schulz. 2016. “Aerodynamic Resistance in Upper Atmosphere: Case of the Last Stage Delta Rocket Fall in Argentina.” Computational and Applied Mathematics 35 (3): 727–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40314-016-0320-1
• Moriyama, Y., T. T. Tsuda, and Y. Ando. 2025. “Comparison of Polar Mesospheric Cloud Observations by Himawari-8/AHI and Himawari-9/AHI.” Earth, Planets and Space 77 (1): 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-025-02163-3
• Moro-Aguilar, Rafael. 2014. “The New Commercial Suborbital Vehicles: An Opportunity for Scientific and Microgravity Research.” Microgravity Science and Technology 26 (4): 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-014-9378-9
• Morozov, E. V., and J. F. P. Pitot de la Beaujardiere. 2009. “Numerical Simulation of the Dynamic Thermostructural Response of a Composite Rocket Nozzle Throat.” Composite Structures 91 (4): 412–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2009.04.006
• Morrill, J. S., L. Floyd, and D. McMullin. 2011. “The Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum Estimated Using the Mg Ii Index and Ca Ii K Disk Activity.” Solar Physics 269 (2): 253–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-011-9708-7
• Mortari, Daniele. 1997. “Moon-Sun Attitude Sensor.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 34 (3): 360–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3217
• Morton, Donald C., and Kenneth G. Widing. 1961. “The Solar Lyman-Alpha Emission Line.” Astrophysical Journal 133: 596. https://doi.org/10.1086/147062
• Moschidis, Philippos, and Petros S. Bithas. 2022. “Arduino Rocket Flight Computer.” In 2022 Panhellenic Conference on Electronics & Telecommunications (PACET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/pacet56979.2022.9976324
• Moschidis, Philippos G., Petros S. Bithas, and Florian Meyer. 2026. “Design, Fabrication, and Testing of a 3D-Printed Model Rocket with Integrated Telemetry Systems.” Sensors 26 (16): 5022. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26165022
• Moshfegh, Abouzar, Mehrzad Shams, Reza Ebrahimi, and Mohammad Ali Farnia. 2009. “Two-Way Coupled Simulation of a Flow Laden with Metallic Particulates in Overexpanded TIC Nozzle.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 30 (6): 1142–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2009.09.001
• Mota, Fábio A. S., Gabriel S. Dias, Danilo A. Machado, et al. 2024a. “Characterization of the Hypergolic Ignition of Green Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide by Drop Test and Jet Impingement.” Combustion and Flame 267: 113567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113567
• Mota, Fábio A. S., Lihan Fei, Mingyang Liu, Jiawei Jiang, and Chenglong Tang. 2024b. “Novel Hypergolic Green Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide for Propulsion Systems.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 40 (2): 207–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b39224
• Mota, Fábio A. S., Lihan Fei, Chenglong Tang, Zuohua Huang, and Fernando S. Costa. 2023. “Hypergolic Ignition Behaviors of Green Propellants with Hydrogen Peroxide: The TMEDA/DMEA System.” Fuel 336: 127086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.127086
• Mukai, T., Y. Kondo, and K. Hirao. 1979. “Rocket Observation of Conjugate Photoelectrons in the Predawn Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 27 (1): 31–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(79)90144-2
• Munjal, N. L. 1968. “Ignition of Nonhypergolic Propellants with Hypergolic Fluids.” AIAA Journal 6 (9): 1782–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4865
• Munjal, N. L., B. L. Gupta, and Mohan Varma. 1985. “Preparative and Mechanistic Studies on Unsymmetrical Dimethyl Hydrazine-Red Fuming Nitric Acid Liquid Propellant Gels.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 10 (4): 111–17. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.19850100406
• Munjal, N. L., and M. G. Parvatiyar. 1974. “Ignition of Hybrid Rocket Fuels with Fuming Nitric Acid as Oxidant.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 11 (6): 428–30. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62093
• Munjal, N. L., and M. G. Parvatiyar. 1975. “The Preignition Combustion Mechanism of Aniline Formaldehyde-Fuming Nitric Acid Hybrid Propellant.” Combustion and Flame 25: 129–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(75)90076-0
• Munjal, N. L., J. Prasad, and S. C. Ghosh. 1972. “Ignition of Nonhypergolic Rocket Fuels with Fuming Nitric Acid Undersuitable Conditions.” AIAA Journal 10 (10): 1345–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6611
• Munk, David J., Markus Selzer, Helge Seiler, Markus Ortelt, and Gareth A. Vio. 2022. “Analysis of a Transpiration Cooled LOX/CH4 Rocket Thrust Chamber.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 182: 121986. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.121986
• Murdock, John W., and Richard P. Welle. 2001. “Downstream Gas Effect on Nozzle Flow-Separation Location.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 17 (4): 936–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.5827
• Murphy, Charles H. 1987. “Moment Exerted on a Coning Projectile by a Spinning Liquid in a Spheroidal Cavity.” AIAA Journal 25 (12): 1631–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.9837
• Murphy, L. M., and L. H. N. Lee. 1971. “Inelastic Buckling Process of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Subject to Edge Constraints.” International Journal of Solids and Structures 7 (9): 1153–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7683(71)90059-x
• Murphy, Charles H., and William H. Mermagen. 2009. “Spin-Yaw Lock-In of a Rotationally Symmetric Missile.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 32 (2): 378–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.40052
• Murphy, J. Michael, and Richard H. Wall. 1966. “Effects of Grain Configuration upon the Burning Rate of a Spinning Rocket Motor.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 3 (2): 263–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28430
• Murugesan, Priyadharshini, A. R. Srikrishnan, Akram Mohammad, and Ratna Kishore Velamati. 2023. “Numerical Study of Wall Heat Transfer Effects on Flow Separation in a Supersonic Overexpanded Nozzle.” Energies 16 (4): 1762. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16041762
• Musa, Abubakr E. S., Madyan A. Al-Shugaa, and Husain J. Al-Gahtani. 2022. “The Buckling Strength of Axially Compressed Thin Circular Cylindrical Shells Subjected to Dent Imperfection.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 48 (4): 5481–92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-022-07455-4
• Musa, Purnawarman, Dennis Aprilla Christie, and Eri Prasetyo Wibowo. 2016. “An Implementation of Direction Cosine Matrix in Rocket Payload Dynamics Attitude Monitoring.” In 2016 International Conference on Informatics and Computing (ICIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iac.2016.7905728
• Muthaiah, M., Suraj Saini, and S. Varunkumar. 2025. “Whistling Potential of Throttling Orifices and Its Connection to Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” Applied Acoustics 229: 110361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2024.110361
• Myrzabekov, Kenzhebek, Alina Fazylova, Kuanysh Alipbayev, Akylbek Bapyshev, and Teodor Iliev. 2026. “Integrated Multi-Criteria Control of a Dual-Channel Electric Pump-Fed Propellant Feed System for a Small Liquid Rocket Engine under Energy and Thermal Constraints.” Machines 14 (9): 1020. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14091020
• “NACA Scientists Reveal Torrid Zone in Upper Atmosphere.” 1947. Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (69): 1–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4129
• Nagano, Isamu, Masayoshi Mambo, Tetsuo Fukami, Koji Namba, and Iwane Kimura. 1981. “Estimation of the Electron Density Profile in the D Region from Rocket Measurement of VLF Signals from a Ground Based Transmitter.” Electronics & Communications in Japan 64 (11): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecja.4400641110
• Nagano, Isamu, Masayoshi Mambo, and Iwane Kimura. 1978. “Rocket Measurements of Lower Ionosphere Electron Density by Propagation Characteristics of VLF Waves.” Planetary and Space Science 26 (3): 219–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(78)90087-9
• Nagata, T., T. Hiraswa, M. Takizawa, and T. Tohmatsu. 1975. “Antarctic Substorm Events Observed by Sounding Rockets, Ionization of the D- and E-Regions by Auroral Electrons.” Planetary and Space Science 23 (9): 1321–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(75)90156-7
• Nagata, Yasunori, Kazuhiko Yamada, Tatsuro Nakao, and Hitoshi Hamori. 2026. “Suborbital Reentry Flight Demonstration for 2.5 m Deployable Inflatable Flexible Aeroshell Using Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 63 (1): 277–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36152
• Nagatomo, Makoto, Nobuyuki Kaya, and Hiroshi Matsumoto. 1986. “Engineering Aspect of the Microwave Ionosphere Nonlinear Interaction Experiment (MINIX) with a Sounding Rocket.” Acta Astronautica 13 (1): 23–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(86)90004-4
• Nakasuka, Shinichi, Tsukasa Funane, Yuya Nakamura, et al. 2006. “Sounding Rocket Flight Experiment for Demonstrating “Furoshiki Satellite” for Large Phased Array Antenna.” Acta Astronautica 59 (1–5): 200–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2006.02.014
• Namba, S. 1933. “General Theory on the Propagation of Radio Waves in the Ionized Layer of the Upper Atmosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 21 (2): 238–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1933.227599
• Narayan, Ashish, Bhupal Kumar, and Bimal Kumar. 2025a. “Aerodynamic Performance of Nose Cone Geometries in Hypersonic Flow Conditions.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 12 (4): 584–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2025.08.004
• Narayan, Ashish, S. Narayanan, Rakesh Kumar, Tarandeep Singh, C. S. Kumar, and G. Jagadeesh. 2019. “Control of Aerodynamic Drag and Heating of Nose Cones through Taper Spikes.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 56 (4): 1165–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34250
• Narayan, Ashish, G. H. Waghmare, Karan Kumar Shivashankar Chaudhari, Subodh Kumar, Sunil Kumar Sharma, and Tankeshwar Prasad. 2026. “Reduce the Drag and Heating of Aerodynamic Vehicles through Nose Cones: A Detailed Review.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2026.06.006
• Naseem, Muhammad Shoaib, B. V. S. Jyoti, Seung Wook Baek, Hyung Ju Lee, and Sung June Cho. 2017. “Hypergolic Studies of Ethanol Based Gelled Bi-Propellant System for Propulsion Application.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42 (6): 676–82. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700046
• Nath, Nayani Kishore. 2016. “Optimization of Tape Winding Process Parameters to Enhance the Performance of Solid Rocket Nozzle Throat Back up Liners Using Taguchi’s Robust Design Methodology.” Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series C 98 (4): 479–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-016-0319-9
• Nath, Syamantak, Iker Laso, Lovely Mallick, et al. 2023a. “Comprehensive Ignition Characterization of a Non-Toxic Hypergolic Hybrid Rocket Propellant.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39 (3): 3361–70. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.118
• Nath, Syamantak, Lovely Mallick, and Joseph K. Lefkowitz. 2023b. “Hypergolic Ignition Response to Oxidizer Droplet Properties.” Combustion and Flame 258: 113061. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.113061
• Nava, B., S. M. Radicella, R. Leitinger, and P. Coïsson. 2007. “Use of Total Electron Content Data to Analyze Ionosphere Electron Density Gradients.” Advances in Space Research 39 (8): 1292–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2007.01.041
• Nayfeh, Ali Hasan, and Gerald G. Wilson. 1970. “Impact Point Dispersion Due to Spin Reversal.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (6): 758–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30035
• Nazarenko, A. I., S. N. Kravchenko, and S. K. Tatevian. 1991. “The Space-Temporal Variations of the Upper Atmosphere Density Derived from Satellite Drag Data.” Advances in Space Research 11 (6): 155–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(91)90246-g
• Negri, Michele, and Felix Lauck. 2022. “Hot Firing Tests of a Novel Green Hypergolic Propellant in a Thruster.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 38 (3): 467–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b38413
• Nelson, H. F., and John C. Fields. 1995. “Particle Drag Coefficient in Solid Rocket Plumes.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 9 (3): 567–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.707
• Nemeth, Michael P., and Melvin S. Anderson. 1990. “Axisymmetric Shell Analysis of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Field Joint.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 27 (1): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26111
• Nesbitt, M. W. 1946. “Liquid Propellant Rocket Development.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (68): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4111
• Netzel, Nathan Andreani, Daniel Strufaldi Batista, Francisco Granziera Jr., and Marcelo Carvalho Tosin. 2025. “A Versatile Low-Cost Data Acquisition System for Small Rocket Engine Test Bench.” HardwareX 23: e00686. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2025.e00686
• Neumeier, Y., and M. Hanin. 1986. “Roll Divergence of a Canard-Controlled Missile with a Freely Spinning Tail.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 9 (6): 633–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20157
• Neupert, W. M., and E. V. P. Smith. 1964. “Possible Identification of Permitted Fe XIV Lines in the Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astronomical Journal 69: 554. https://doi.org/10.1086/109405
• Newell, Homer E. 1957. “The High Altitude Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 27 (3): 261–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.12710
• Newell, Homer E., and Joseph W. Siry. 1953. “Rocket Upper Air Research.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (1): 7–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4523
• Newsome, David A., Ghanshyam L. Vaghjiani, and Debasis Sengupta. 2015. “An Ab Initio Based Structure Property Relationship for Prediction of Ignition Delay of Hypergolic Ionic Liquids.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 40 (5): 759–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201400284
• Nguyen, Anh Thi, H. Deniau, S. Girard, and T. Alziary de Roquefort. 2003. “Unsteadiness of Flow Separation and End-Effects Regime in a Thrust-Optimized Contour Rocket Nozzle.” Flow, Turbulence and Combustion 71 (1–4): 161–81. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:appl.0000014927.61427.ad
• Nguyen, Le-Duy, Myungbae Kim, Kyu Hyung Do, and Yongshik Han. 2025a. “Boil-off of Cryogenic Liquid Due to Sudden Loss of Vacuum in a Double-Walled Vacuum-Insulated Tank.” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 39 (7): 4217–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-025-0642-2
• Nguyen, Tuan M., and William A. Sirignano. 2019. “Spontaneous and Triggered Longitudinal Combustion Instability in a Single-Injector Liquid-Rocket Combustor.” AIAA Journal 57 (12): 5351–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j057743
• Ni, Shaobo, and Cui Zhang. 2011. “Attitude Determination of Nano Satellite Based on Gyroscope, Sun Sensor and Magnetometer.” Procedia Engineering 15: 959–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.177
• Nick, Nathalie, and Léonard Buchaillot. 2024. “Probabilistic Risk Assessment: Hazard Impact Study of Safety-Critical Space Launch Events onto World Air Traffic & Creation of ADIONA Software.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 11 (2): 230–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2024.03.006
• Nicolet, Marcel. 1985. “Aeronomical Aspects of Mesospheric Photodissociation: Processes Resulting from the Solar H Lyman-Alpha Line.” Planetary and Space Science 33 (1): 69–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(85)90143-6
• Niedenfuhr, F. W. 1963. “Scatter of Observed Buckling Loads of Pressurized Shells.” AIAA Journal 1 (8): 1923–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1959
• Niederstrasser, Carlos G. 2022. “The Small Launch Vehicle Survey a 2021 Update (the Rockets Are Flying).” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 9 (3): 341–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2022.07.003
• Niemi, Eugene E., and Paul Bevillard. 2015. “Modification of Parachute Canopy Stiffness Scaling Laws for Opening Time Prediction.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (2): 708–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032639
• Nikhil, Papetla, Sp Das, Shaligram Tiwari, and Deepak Kumar Agarwal. 2024. “Effect of Pressurant Flow Rate and Ullage Conditions on Mass Transfer and Thermal Stratification in a Partially Filled LN2 Tank.” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress 51: 102628. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102628
• Nikolaeva, Vera, Evgeny Gordeev, Tima Sergienko, Ludmila Makarova, and Andrey Kotikov. 2021. “AIM-E: E-Region Auroral Ionosphere Model.” Atmosphere 12 (6): 748. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12060748
• Niu, Lei, Yang Liu, Jingcheng Wang, Hongmao Tu, Haiping Dong, and Nan Yan. 2022a. “Reliability Analysis of Pyrotechnic Igniter for Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engine with Low Temperature Combustion Instability Failure Mode.” Applied Sciences 12 (7): 3414. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073414
• Niu, Lei, Hongmao Tu, Haiping Dong, and Nan Yan. 2022b. “Separation Reliability Analysis for the Low-Shock Separation Nut with Mechanism Motion Failure Mode.” Aerospace 9 (3): 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9030156
• Nizhnik, Oleg. 2012. “A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2012: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/830536
• Noland, R. L. 1951. “Strengths of Several Steels for Rocket Chambers Subjected to High Rates of Heating.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (6): 154–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4402
• Norton, K. A. 1936. “The Propagation of Radio Waves over the Surface of the Earth and in the Upper Atmosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 24 (10): 1367–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1936.227360
• Norton, K. A. 1937. “The Propagation of Radio Waves over the Surface of the Earth and in the Upper Atmosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 25 (9): 1203–36. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1937.228544
• Nowak, Sophia, C. V. Ambarish, Haiyue Duan, et al. 2026. “Design of Magnetic Shielding for a Wide Field of View Sounding Rocket Instrument.” IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 36 (6): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2026.3672347
• Noyes, Robert W., and Wolfgang Kalkofen. 1970. “The Solar Lyman Continuum and the Structure of the Solar Chromosphere.” Solar Physics 15 (1): 120–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00149479
• Nunez-Quispe, Johan J. 2022. “Conceptual Design of an Experimental Rocket with Variable Diameter Stages: Stability and Effects on the Drag Coefficient.” In 2022 IEEE MIT Undergraduate Research Technology Conference (URTC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/urtc56832.2022.10002183
• Nusca, M., C.-C. Chen, and M. McQuaid. 2007. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2007 DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program Users Group Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcmp-ugc.2007.17
• Nusca, Michael J., Chiung-Chu Chen, and Michael J. McQuaid. 2008. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2008 DoD HPCMP Users Group Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dod.hpcmp.ugc.2008.28
• Nusca, M. J., and M. J. McQuaid. 2004. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2004 Users Group Conference (DOD_UGC’04). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dod_ugc.2004.8
• Nusca, M. J., and M. J. McQuaid. 2005. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2005 Users Group Conference (DOD-UGC’05). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dodugc.2005.20
• Nusca, Michael J., and Michael J. McQuaid. 2006. “Combustion Chamber Fluid Dynamics and Hypergolic Gel Propellant Chemistry Simulations for Selectable Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 2006 HPCMP Users Group Conference (HPCMP-UGC’06). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/hpcmp-ugc.2006.14
• Nusinov, A. A., and V. V. Katyushina. 1994. “Lyman-Alpha Line Intensity as a Solar Activity Index in the Far Ultraviolet Range.” Solar Physics 152 (1): 201–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01473205
• Nylund, Amund, and Jan-Erik Rønningen. 2007. “Technical and Educational Improvements of the Student Rocket Program at NAROM and Andøya Rocket Range.” Acta Astronautica 61 (1–6): 506–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2007.01.058
• O’Brien, J. F., and G. W. Neat. n.d. “Micro-Precision Interferometer Pointing Control System.” In Proceedings of International Conference on Control Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.1995.555747
• Odenbach, S. 1995. “Sounding Rocket and Drop Tower Experiments on Thermomagnetic Convection in Magnetic Fluids.” Advances in Space Research 16 (7): 99–104. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00142-2
• Offermann, D., M. Jarisch, J. Oberheide, et al. 2006. “Global Wave Activity from Upper Stratosphere to Lower Thermosphere: A New Turbopause Concept.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 68 (15): 1709–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2006.01.013
• Ogasawara, K., K. Asamura, T. Takashima, Y. Saito, and T. Mukai. 2006. “Rocket Observation of Energetic Electrons in the Low-Altitude Auroral Ionosphere during the DELTA Campaign.” Earth, Planets and Space 58 (9): 1155–63. https://doi.org/10.1186/bf03352005
• Ohga, Mitao, Aruna Sanjeewa Wijenayaka, and James G. A. Croll. 2006. “Lower Bound Buckling Strength of Axially Loaded Sandwich Cylindrical Shell under Lateral Pressure.” Thin-Walled Structures 44 (7): 800–807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2006.04.013
• Ohshima, T., and Y. Sugiyama. 2003. “Dynamic Stability of Free-Free Beam Subjected to End Rocket Thrust and Carrying a Heavy Payload at Its Nose.” In 2003 IEEE International Workshop on Workload Characterization (IEEE Cat. No.03EX775), vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/phycon.2003.1237062
• Okninski, Adam. 2018. “On Use of Hybrid Rocket Propulsion for Suborbital Vehicles.” Acta Astronautica 145: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.01.027
• Okoh, Daniel, Aziza Bounhir, John Bosco Habarulema, et al. 2022. “Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements and Investigations across the African Region—a Review.” Atmosphere 13 (6): 863. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13060863
• Okpeke, Bright Ebikemefa, Cherif Ait Aider, Lars Baetcke, and Sören Ehlers. 2024. “Assessment of Boil-Off Losses and Their Cost Implication during Liquid Hydrogen Tank Filling with and without Precooling.” Energies 17 (16): 4092. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17164092
• Olejnik, Aleksander, Łukasz Kiszkowiak, Piotr Zalewski, and Adam Dziubiński. 2022. “Low-Cost Satellite Launch System—Aerodynamic Feasibility Study.” Aerospace 9 (6): 284. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060284
• Oleynikov, A., and D. Sosnovchik. 2006. “Measurement of the Mesopause Dynamic Parameters of Lower Thermosphere Using Accessible Radio Frequency Resources.” In 2006 16th International Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2006.256280
• Omata, Noriyasu, Daiwa Satoh, Seiji Tsutsumi, Kaname Kawatsu, and Masaharu Abe. 2022. “Model-Based Supervised Sensor Placement Optimization to Detect Propellant Leak in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 195: 234–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.02.009
• Omojola, Joseph, and Daniel Moeketsi. 2026. “Asymmetric Upper-Atmosphere Response and the GNSS Positioning Accuracy of the October 2024 Severe Geomagnetic Storm over Two African Mid-Latitude Stations.” Atmosphere 17 (5): 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos17050494
• Onaka, Takashi, Mineo Sawamura, Wataru Tanaka, and Toshihiro Ogawa. 1985. “Altitude Variation of Ultraviolet Oxygen Night Airglow.” Astrophysics and Space Science 114 (2): 387–93. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00653985
• “Optimum Time of Delay for Parachute Opening.” 1942. Journal of the Franklin Institute 234 (1): 75–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(42)90434-4
• Ore, E., and D. Durban. 1992. “Elastoplastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells.” International Journal of Mechanical Sciences 34 (9): 727–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7403(92)90005-2
• Orgeira-Crespo, Pedro, Guillermo Rey, Carlos Ulloa, Uxia Garcia-Luis, Pablo Rouco, and Fernando Aguado-Agelet. 2022. “Optimization of the Conceptual Design of a Multistage Rocket Launcher.” Aerospace 9 (6): 286. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060286
• Ornob, Shadman Shahriyar, Chunna Li, and Xujian Chen. 2026a. “Inverse Reconstruction of Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle Centerline Flow from Known Wall-Pressure Distributions Using a Conditioned Neural Network Surrogate.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112563. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112563
• Ornob, Shadman Shahriyar, Chunna Li, Wenjing Yang, and Yan Ba. 2025. “Shock-Expansion Wave Influence on Thrust Vectoring in a Conical Nozzle with Supersonic Separation Line.” In 2025 International Conference of Mechanical Engineering on Aerospace (CoMEA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/comea66280.2025.11241972
• Osipov, S. N. 1985. “The Blanketing in the Rocket Ultraviolet from 225.2 to 319.6 Nm.” Solar Physics 102 (1–2): 29–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154034
• Östlund, Jan, Tomas Damgaard, and Manuel Frey. 2004. “Side-Load Phenomena in Highly Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 20 (4): 695–704. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.3059
• Ott, Richard J. 2017. “Random Vibration Environment Standard Deviation Variation Verification for Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 54 (2): 471–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a33684
• Ott, Richard H., and Robert S. Sokolowski. 1990. “United States Microgravity Programs.” Microgravity Science and Technology 3. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910034104
• Outlaw, R. A. 1982. “Hydrogen Outgassing Considerations for an Orbiting Aluminum Molecular Shield.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 19 (2): 185–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62231
• Ouyang, Hongyang, and Yang Zhang. 2026. “Effect of Forebody Shape and Trailing Distance on the Inflation Performance of a Supersonic Disk-Gap-Band Parachute.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110828. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110828
• Ouyang, Hongyang, Yang Zhang, and Zhaoxu Lian. 2026. “Numerical Investigation on the Inflation Dynamics of a Supersonic Parachute Cluster.” Aerospace Science and Technology 178: 112419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112419
• Ozturk, Sule, Ibrahim Ozkol, and M. Arif Karabeyoglu. 2023. “Numerical Investigation of Hybrid Rocket Nozzle Heat Transfer and Test Validation.” In 2023 10th International Conference on Recent Advances in Air and Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast57548.2023.10197942
• Padilla, Andie E., C. Gobinath, Candice Hovell, et al. 2025. “Adoption of Microfluidic MEA Technology for Electrophysiology of 3D Neuronal Networks Exposed to Suborbital Conditions.” npj Microgravity 11 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00476-x
• Pagan, Adam S., and Georg Herdrich. 2022. “Key Parameters Governing the Ground Risk from Reentering Pressure Vessel Debris.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 9 (2): 189–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2022.04.002
• Paiva, K. V., M. B. H. Mantelli, and L. K. Slongo. 2015. “Experimental Testing of Mini Heat Pipes under Microgravity Conditions aboard a Suborbital Rocket.” Aerospace Science and Technology 45: 367–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.06.004
• Pal, Madhumita, and M. Seetharama Bhat. 2013. “Star Sensor Based Spacecraft Angular Rate Estimation Independent of Attitude Determination.” In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2013.6662812
• Pal, Yash, and V. Ravi Kumar. 2015. “Regression Rate Studies of Hybrid Rocket Fuel on a Lab Scale Rocket Motor.” In 2015 International Conference on Robotics, Automation, Control and Embedded Systems (RACE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/race.2015.7097258
• Palassopoulos, George V. 1973. “On the Buckling of Axially Compressed Thin Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Structural Mechanics 2 (3): 177–93. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601217308905305
• Palmnäs, U., and R. Sundén. 1988. “Parametric Design Study of a 20 kN High Performance Storable Propellant Pump-Fed Engine.” Acta Astronautica 17 (8): 837–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(88)90167-1
• Palsulich, Joseph M., and Brett J. Schinnerer. 2003. “Launch Vehicles for Low-Cost Planetary Missions.” Acta Astronautica 52 (2–6): 289–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0094-5765(02)00168-6
• Pan, Junjie, Xin Lin, Zezhong Wang, et al. 2024. “Regression Rate and Combustion Efficiency of Composite Hybrid Rocket Grains Based on Modular Fuel Units.” Aerospace 11 (4): 262. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040262
• Panda, S. P., and S. G. Kulkarni. 1977. “Furfurylidene Ketones—a New Class of Hypergolic Rocket Fuels with Red Fuming Nitric Acid (RFNA) as Oxidizer.” Combustion and Flame 28: 25–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(77)90005-0
• Panda, S. P., S. G. Kulkarni, and C. Prabhakaran. 1989. “Synergistic Hypergolic Ignition of Blends of Dienes and Dienophiles with Red Fuming Nitric Acid as Oxidizer.” Combustion and Flame 76 (1): 107–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(89)90081-3
• Panda, S. P., S. G. Kulkarni, and C. Prabhakaran. 1994. “Accelerated Hypergolic Ignition with Lowering of Temperature.” Combustion and Flame 97 (3–4): 372–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)90027-2
• Panda, Amiya Ranjan, Debahuti Mishra, and Hare Krishna Ratha. 2015. “FPGA Implementation of Software Defined Radio-Based Flight Termination System.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 11 (1): 74–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2014.2364557
• Panda, Amiya Ranjan, Debahuti Mishra, and Hare Krishna Ratha. 2016. “Implementation of SCADA/HMI System for Real-Time Controlling and Performance Monitoring of SDR Based Flight Termination System.” Journal of Industrial Information Integration 3: 20–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jii.2016.07.001
• Papis, Tadeusz, and Clark W. Bullard. 1968. “Attitude of a Spinning Rocket under Thrust with Statistically Variederror Sources.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (5): 607–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29314
• Paravan, Christian. 2019. “Nano-Sized and Mechanically Activated Composites: Perspectives for Enhanced Mass Burning Rate in Aluminized Solid Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Propulsion.” Aerospace 6 (12): 127. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6120127
• Paresce, F., and S. Bowyer. 1976. “Upper Limits to the Interstellar Radiation Field between 775 and 1050 A.” Astrophysical Journal 207. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760057123
• Parhi, Achutananda, V. Mahesh, A. Shaji, G. Levin, P. J. Abraham, and V. Srinivasan. 2015. “Challenges in the Development of a Slow Burning Solid Rocket Booster.” Aerospace Science and Technology 43: 437–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.04.001
• Park, Tae Seon. 2004. “Numerical Study of Turbulent Flow and Heat Transfer in a Convex Channel of a Calorimetric Rocket Chamber.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 45 (10): 1029–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407780490454061
• Park, Tae Seon. 2013. “Effects of Aspect Ratio on the Turbulent Heat Transfer of Regenerative Cooling Passage in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 64 (9): 710–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407782.2013.798532
• Park, Soon-Young, and Jaemyung Ahn. 2020. “Deep Neural Network Approach for Fault Detection and Diagnosis during Startup Transient of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 177: 714–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.08.019
• Park, Seonghyeon, Kyounghwan Lee, Hongjae Kang, Youngchul Park, and Jongkwang Lee. 2022. “Effects of Oxidizing Additives on the Physical Properties and Ignition Performance of Hydrogen Peroxide-Based Hypergolic Propellants.” Acta Astronautica 200: 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.07.051
• Park, Dong Yong, Yong Jun Oh, Young Sam Kwon, Seong Taek Lim, and Seong Jin Park. 2014. “Development of Non-Eroding Rocket Nozzle Throat for Ultra-High Temperature Environment.” International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 42: 205–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2013.09.007
• Parkinson, W. H., and E. M. Reeves. 1969. “Measurements in the Solar Spectrum between 1400 and 1875 � with a Rocket-Borne Spectrometer.” Solar Physics 10 (2): 342–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00145522
• Parkinson, R. C., V. A. Skorodelov, I. I. Serdijk, and V. Ya. Neiland. 1995. “RADEM: An Air Launched, Rocket Demonstrator for Future Advanced Launch Systems.” Acta Astronautica 37: 215–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(95)00089-i
• Parks, P. C. 1962. “Pitch-Yaw Stability of a Missile Oscillating in Roll via the Second Method of Lyapunov.” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 29 (7): 874–874. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.9621
• Parkyn, D. G. 1958. “2809. a Note on Rocket Staging.” Mathematical Gazette 42 (342): 302–4. https://doi.org/10.2307/3610466
• Paschall, Steve, and Tye Brady. 2014. “Rocket Validation of the ALHAT Autonomous GNC Flight System.” In 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2014.6836188
• Pasciuti, F., G. Acampa, M. Cinque, et al. 2025. “Autonomous Flight Termination System: A Proposal for an International Regulatory Frame and Set of Requirements.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 12 (1): 76–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2025.02.003
• Pasley, Gilbert F. 1972. “Nonuniform Propellant Distribution in Multiple Tank Rocket Feed Systems.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 9 (2): 65–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61633
• Passamaneck, R. S., and J. E. Chirivella. 1977. “Small Monopropellant Thruster Contamination Measurement in a High-Vacuum Low-Temperature Facility.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 14 (7): 419–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27977
• Patera, Russell P. 2008. “Hazard Analysis for Uncontrolled Space Vehicle Reentry.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 45 (5): 1031–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.30173
• Pawar, Akash, Aneena Praveen, Harikrishna Chavhan, and Amit Kumar Thakur. 2025. “Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Combustion Efficiency, Regression Rate, and Thrust Characteristics of a Hybrid Rocket Engine Using PVC/DBP Fuel.” Aerospace Systems 9 (1): 53–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-025-00392-8
• Pearson, Jerome. 1989. “Low-Cost Launch System and Orbital Fuel Depot.” Acta Astronautica 19 (4): 315–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(89)90027-1
• Pellerin, Charles J. 1975. “Heavy Solar Cosmic Rays in the January 25, 1971 Solar Flare.” Solar Physics 41 (2): 449–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00154081
• Pendray, G. Edward. 1933. “The Flight of Experimental Rocket No. 2.” Astronautics 3 (26): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10090
• Peng, Peng, Cullen Quine, Tanumoy Banerjee, et al. 2026. “Capture, Storage, and Re-Use of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-off for Aviation and Aerospace Applications.” Nature Communications 17 (1): 7400. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-74294-4
• Peng, Zhili, Bo Zhong, Xiaodong Chen, and Longfei Li. 2025. “Effects of Pressure Oscillations on Impinging-Jet Atomization and Spray Combustion in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 38 (4): 103291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2024.11.001
• Penn, Kim, and William V. Slaton. 2010. “Measuring Model Rocket Engine Thrust Curves.” Physics Teacher 48 (9): 591–93. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.3517023
• Penner, S. S. 1948. “Effect of Radiation on the Rate of Burning of Solid Fuel Rocket Propellants.” Journal of Applied Physics 19 (4): 392–98. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1715078
• Penner, S. S., and P. P. Datner. 1955. “Combustion Problems in Liquid-Fuel Rocket Engines.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 5 (1): 11–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(55)80009-4
• Pepitone, Thomas R., and Ira D. Jacobson. 1978. “Resonant Behavior of a Symmetric Missile Having Roll Orientation-Dependent Aerodynamics.” Journal of Guidance and Control 1 (5): 335–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55789
• Pepper, William B., and Dennis C. Cronin. 1969. “Experimental Research on Parachute Deployment Load Control by Use Ofline Ties.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (1): 79–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44012
• Perakis, Nikolaos, and Oskar J. Haidn. 2019. “Inverse Heat Transfer Method Applied to Capacitively Cooled Rocket Thrust Chambers.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 131: 150–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2018.11.048
• Perakis, Nikolaos, Lukas Preis, and Oskar J. Haidn. 2021. “Wall Heat Flux Evaluation in Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Thrust Chambers.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 35 (1): 127–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t6056
• Perakis, Nikolaos, Julian Strauß, and Oskar J. Haidn. 2019. “Heat Flux Evaluation in a Multi-Element CH4/O2 Rocket Combustor Using an Inverse Heat Transfer Method.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 142: 118425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2019.07.075
• Perlmutter, Adolf A. 1962. “Comment on Derivation of Angular Velocity Ratio for a Particular Despin System.” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 29 (7): 879–879. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.9628
• Perring, W. G. A. 1946. “A Critical Review of German Long-Range Rocket Development.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (65): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4075
• Perumbil, Manju, Matthew J. Blacker, Stuart S. Szigeti, and Simon A. Haine. 2025. “Theoretical Investigation of an Atomic Fabry Perot Interferometer Based Acceleration Sensor for Microgravity Environments.” npj Microgravity 11 (1): 37. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00499-4
• Petro, Elaine M., David W. Hughes, Mark S. Secunda, Philip T. Chen, James R. Morrissey, and Catherine A. Riegle. 2014. “MAVEN Contamination Venting and Outgassing Analysis.” In 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2014.6836229
• Petrutik, Natan, Ilia Kaminker, Eli Flaxer, et al. 2023. “Janus-Type Hypergolic Fuels for Hybrid Systems Using Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydroxylammonium Nitrate-Based Oxidizers.” Chemical Engineering Journal 454: 140170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.140170
• Pfaff, R., E. Kudeki, H. Freudenreich, D. Rowland, M. Larsen, and J. Klenzing. 2022. “Dual Sounding Rocket and C/NOFS Satellite Observations of DC Electric Fields and Plasma Density in the Equatorial E- and F-Region Ionosphere at Sunset.” Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics 127 (5): e2021JA030191. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021ja030191
• Pfeilsticker, K., and F. Arnold. 1989. “First Ion Composition Measurement in the Stratopause Region, Using a Rocket-Borne Parachute Drop Sonde.” Planetary and Space Science 37 (3): 315–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(89)90029-9
• Philbrick, C. R., M. E. Garnder, and P. Lämmerzhal. 1983. “Properties of the Neutral Density and Composition in the Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 3 (1): 95–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(83)90211-9
• Philbrick, C. R., F. J. Schmidlin, K. U. Grossmann, et al. 1985. “Density and Temperature Structure over Northern Europe.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 47. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850048411
• Phillippe, Cutler A., Francesco Panerai, and Laura Villafañe Roca. 2024. “In Situ Imaging of Parachute Textile Micromechanics under Tensile Load.” AIAA Journal 62 (12): 4691–4700. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j064350
• Phillips, R. W., L. U. Tolentino, and S. Feuerstein. 1977. “Spacecraft Contamination under Simulated Orbital Environment.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 14 (8): 501–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27980
• Pickering, W. M. 1972. “The Diffusive Motion of an Initially Spherically Symmetric Cloud of Ionization in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 20 (2): 149–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(72)90096-7
• Pickett, Jolene S., David D. Morgan, Robert L. Merlino, Mark L. Adrian, Glenn A. Berg, and W. John Raitt. 1996. “Payload Environment and Gas Release Effects on Sounding Rocket Neutral Pressure Measurements.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33 (4): 501–6. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26791
• Pie, J. A. 1938. “Abnormal Ionization in the E Region of the Ionosphere.” Proceedings of the IRE 26 (7): 892–908. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1938.228426
• Pierce, Dillon T., and James H. Newman. 2026. “Development and Flight Validation of Low-Cost Rocket Roll Control System.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 63 (2): 487–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36408
• Pilinski, Cyril, and Abderrahmane Nebbache. 2004. “Flow Separation in a Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle.” Journal of Turbulence 5: N14. https://doi.org/10.1088/1468-5248/5/1/014
• Pillai, Eric T. 2018. “Space-Capable Sounding Rocket Design for Collegiate Teams.” In 2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2018.8396628
• Piotr, Rugor, Bresler Karol, and Ptasinski Grzegorz. 2019. “Measurement Noise Reduction for Study of Rocket Engine Thrust Instabilities.” In 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2019.8741655
• Pish, F., Rasoul Moradi, Amirhossein Edalatpour, and M. Barzegar Gerdroodbary. 2019. “The Effect of Coolant Injection from the Tip of Spike on Aerodynamic Heating of Nose Cone at Supersonic Flow.” Acta Astronautica 154: 52–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.10.021
• Pitchaiah, K., and P. M. M. Krishna. 1980. “Ignition Delay Studies on Hybrid Propellant Grains.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 17 (3): 284–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28033
• Pittelkau, Mark E. 1993. “Optimal Periodic Control for Spacecraft Pointing and Attitude Determination.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 16 (6): 1078–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.21130
• Pizzarelli, Marco. 2021a. “Dataset of the Experimentally Measured Heat Transfer in the Throat Region of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chambers.” Data in Brief 37: 107173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2021.107173
• Pizzarelli, Marco. 2021b. “Overview and Analysis of the Experimentally Measured Throat Heat Transfer in Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chambers.” Acta Astronautica 184: 46–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.03.028
• Pizzarelli, Marco, and Francesco Battista. 2023. “Oxygen–methane Rocket Thrust Chambers: Review of Heat Transfer Experimental Studies.” Acta Astronautica 209: 48–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.04.028
• Pizzarelli, Marco, Francesco Nasuti, and Marcello Onofri. 2014. “Effect of Cooling Channel Aspect Ratio on Rocket Thermal Behavior.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 28 (3): 410–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t4299
• Plachta, David W., and Monica C. Guzik. 2014. “Cryogenic Boil-Off Reduction System.” Cryogenics 60: 62–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.12.006
• Platou, A. S. 1963a. “Comments on ‘Wing-Tail Interference as a Cause of ‘Magnus’ Effects on a Finned Missile’.” AIAA Journal 1 (8): 1963–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.54952
• Platou, Anders S. 1965. “Magnus Characteristics of Finned and Nonfinned Projectiles.” AIAA Journal 3 (1): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2791
• Platov, Y. V., S. A. Chernouss, and M. J. Kosch. 2004. “Classification of Gas-Dust Formations from Rocket Exhaust in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 41 (4): 667–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.11951
• PlEPER, J. L., L. E. Dean, and R. S. Valentine. 1967. “Mixture Ratio Distribution: Its Impact on Rocket Thrust Chamber Performance.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 4 (6): 786–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28952
• Pletser, V., P. F. Migeotte, J. C. Legros, B. Deneyer, and R. Caron. 2016. “The Suborbital Research Association: Using Suborbital Platforms for Scientific and Student Experiments.” Microgravity Science and Technology 28 (5): 529–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-016-9502-0
• Poli, Matteo, Nicola Bressanin, Alberto Madonna, et al. 2015. “A Sounding Rocket as a Test Bench for Cost Effective Measurements: Development of a Sounding Rocket Demonstrator Test Bench for Aerospace Technologies and Atmospheric Measurements.” In 2015 IEEE Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace.2015.7180721
• Politi, E. Y. 1957. “Progress Report on a Solid State FM-FM Telemetering System.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-3 (1): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1957.6541501
• Poole, Lamont R. 1973. “Effect of Suspension-Line Viscous Damping on Parachute Opening Load Amplification.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 10 (1): 92–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27741
• Popov, Pavel P., William A. Sirignano, and Athanasios Sideris. 2015. “Propellant Injector Influence on Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Instability.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 31 (1): 320–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35400
• Porcelli, G., and E. Vogel. 1979. “Modular, Spin-Stabilized, Tandem Solid Rocket Upper Stage.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 16 (5): 338–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57668
• Porter, J. R., S. G. Tilford, and K. G. Widing. 1966. “Carbon Monoxide Absorption in the Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astronomical Journal 71: 176. https://doi.org/10.1086/109892
• Porter, J. R., S. G. Tilford, and K. G. Widing. 1967. “Carbon Monoxide in the Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 147: 172. https://doi.org/10.1086/148989
• “Portions of the Rocket Which Reached a 250-Mile Altitude.” 1950. Journal of the Franklin Institute 249 (5): 358. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(50)90838-6
• Portnyagin, Yu. I., and T. V. Solovjova. 1998. “Empirical Semidiurnal Migrating Tide Model for the Upper Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 21 (6): 811–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00679-0
• Posielek, Tobias, and Johann Reger. 2021. “Observability Analysis for Spacecraft Attitude Determination Using a Single Temperature Sensor.” In 2021 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc54610.2021.9654904
• Posta, Alexandra, Alexandre Monk, Antoine Durollet, Oliver Martin, Sam Bruton, and Jongrae Kim. 2024. “Improved Attitude Stabilisation System Augmented Sounding Rocket Design, Integration, Verification & Launch.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 58 (16): 175–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.482
• Potapkin, A. V., and T.-S. Lee. 2004. “Experimental Study of Thrust Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Motor with Various Methods of Oxidizer Injection.” Combustion, Explosion and Shock Waves 40 (4): 386–92. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:cesw.0000033560.34907.5e
• Pottasch, Stuart R. 1963. “The Lower Solar Corona: Interpretation of the Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 137: 945. https://doi.org/10.1086/147569
• Pottasch, S. R. 1967. “On the Relative Abundances in the Solar Corona as Determined from the Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal 150: 361. https://doi.org/10.1086/149339
• Potvin, J. 2001a. “Altitude- and Weight-Scaling Laws for Ram-Air Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 38 (5): 956–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2859
• Potvin, J. 2007a. “Momentum-Impulse Balance and Parachute Inflation: Clusters.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (2): 687–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.26285
• Potvin, J. 2007b. “Momentum-Impulse Balance and Parachute Inflation: Disreefing.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (2): 691–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.26286
• Potvin, J. 2007c. “Momentum-Impulse Balance and Parachute Inflation: Fixed Point Drops.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (3): 1026–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.26284
• Potvin, J. 2007d. “Momentum-Impulse Balance and Parachute Inflation: Rocket-Propelled Payloads.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (3): 1039–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.27481
• Potvin, J. 2007e. “Universality Considerations for Graphing Parachute Opening Shock Factor versus Mass Ratio.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (2): 528–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.24061
• Potvin, Jean. 2023. “Simple Rules for Parachute Inflation Testing at Underscale and Performance Extrapolation to Full-Scale.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (4): 1094–1104. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037103
• Poubeau, Adèle, Roberto Paoli, Antoine Dauptain, Florent Duchaine, and Gaofeng Wang. 2015. “Large-Eddy Simulations of a Single-Species Solid Rocket Booster Jet.” AIAA Journal 53 (6): 1477–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j053361
• Pouliquen, Marcel, and Georges S. Gill. 1979. “Performance Characteristics of the HM7 Rocket Engine for the Ariane Launcher.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 16 (6): 367–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57676
• Pourpoint, TIMOTHÉE L., and William E. Anderson. 2007. “Hypergolic Reaction Mechanisms of Catalytically Promoted Fuels with Rocket Grade Hydrogen Peroxide.” Combustion Science and Technology 179 (10): 2107–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102200701386149
• Powell, J., and G. Maise. 2008. “StarTram: The Magnetic Launch Path to Very Low Cost, Very High Volume Launch to Space.” In 2008 14th Symposium on Electromagnetic Launch Technology. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/elt.2008.76
• Prades, Jeremie, Anthony Ghiotto, Eric Kerherve, and Ke Wu. 2016. “Broadband Sounding Rocket Antenna for Dual-Band Telemetric and Payload Data Transmission.” IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters 15: 540–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/lawp.2015.2457338
• Prakash, Satya, and B. H. Subbaraya. 1967. “Langmuir Probe for the Measurement of Electron Density and Electron Temperature in the Ionosphere.” Review of Scientific Instruments 38 (8): 1132–36. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1721035
• “Precision Pointing Control for an Orbital Earth Observing System.” 1991. IEEE Control Systems 11 (3): 46–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/37.75578
• Predoi, Ştefan, Ştefan Grigorean, and Gheorghe Dumitraşcu. 2022. “The Regression Rate-Based Preliminary Engineering Design of Hybrid Rocket Combustion System.” Processes 10 (4): 775. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10040775
• Price, E. W. 1953. “Theory of Steady Flow with Mass Addition Applied to Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (4): 237–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4600
• Price, E. W. 1965. “Experimental Solid Rocket Combustion Instability.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 10 (1): 1067–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(65)80247-8
• Price, D. A., and L. E. Ericsson. 1970. “A New Treatment of Roll-Pitch Coupling for Ballistic Re-Entry Vehicles.” AIAA Journal 8 (9): 1608–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5954
• “Principal Plane Analyses of a Monopole Antenna on a Rocket Shaped Structure Using UTD.” 1999. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Electromagnetic Interference and Compatibility. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icemic.1999.871608
• Priyadarshi, Pankaj, Leya Joseph, and Kamal Saroha. 2020. “Optimal Two-Stage Parachute and Retro Motor Sizing for Launch Vehicle Stage Recovery.” Sādhanā 45 (1): 241. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-020-01420-3
• “Proportional Counter Spectrometer for Solar X Rays between 1 and 10 Angstroms.” 1963. Solar Energy 7 (4): 204. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(63)90187-7
• Pryor, W. R., J. M. Ajello, C. A. Barth, et al. 1992. “The Galileo and Pioneer Venus Ultraviolet Spectrometer Experiments: Solar Lyman-Alpha Latitude Variation at Solar Maximum from Interplanetary Lyman-Alpha Observations.” Astrophysical Journal 394: 363. https://doi.org/10.1086/171589
• Psiaki, Mark L. 1999. “Autonomous Low-Earth-Orbit Determination from Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Data.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 22 (2): 296–304. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4378
• Psiaki, Mark L. 2004. “Global Magnetometer-Based Spacecraft Attitude and Rate Estimation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 27 (2): 240–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.1039
• Puccinelli, Elia, Valerio Giusti, and Angelo Pasini. 2024. “Lumped Parameter Analysis of Autogenous Propellant Pressurization System for Nuclear Thermal Rocket.” Nuclear Technology 211 (7): 1473–95. https://doi.org/10.1080/00295450.2024.2410637
• Purcell, J. D., and R. Tousey. 1960. “The Profile of Solar Lyman-Alpha.” Astronomical Journal 65: 56. https://doi.org/10.1086/108106
• Purcell, J. D., and K. G. Widing. 1972. “Rocket Observation of AR Xii-Xvi CA Xiv-Xviii and Fe XIV, Xv, XXIV in the Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Solar Flare.” Astrophysical Journal 176: 239. https://doi.org/10.1086/151626
• Purvis, James W. 1982. “Theoretical Analysis of Parachute Inflation Including Fluid Kinetics.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (4): 290–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57392
• Qi, Yuanjie, Yuqiang Cheng, and Yan Zhang. 2022. “Life Analysis of Reusable Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber.” Aerospace 9 (12): 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120788
• Qiang Cai, Futing Bao, Yang Liu, Haifeng Hu, and Han Wei. 2010. “Solid Rocket Grain Configuration Variational Design Method Based on Geometric Constraint Sketch.” In 2010 Second World Congress on Software Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wcse.2010.26
• Qifan, Huang. 1989. “Measurement of Scintillation of Radiowave Signals through Ionosphere.” Journal of Electronics (China) 6 (3): 282–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02778909
• Qiu, Zhijie, Wei Dai, and Gaozhi Guan. 2021. “Research on Stall Recovery Parachute Flight Deployment Tests.” In 2021 International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Controls (ISCSIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iscsic54682.2021.00016
• Quadrini, Fabrizio, Loredana Santo, Guglielmo Manenti, Andrea Micillo, and Walter Villadei. 2026. “Foaming Unique Composite Cellular Structures under Microgravity by Suborbital Flight.” Emergent Materials 9 (7): 177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42247-026-01466-9
• Quan, Yongkai, Tao Dong, Guoqiang Xu, Lina Zhang, Yinchao Ju, and Bensi Dong. 2024. “Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer and Structure Optimization for Regenerative Cooling Channels Using n-Decane.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 220: 124921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2023.124921
• Quessette, Jacques-Alain, and Joseph M. Ajello. 1973. “A Rocket-Borne Instrument for the Measurement of Nighttime Atmospheric Densitites.” Review of Scientific Instruments 44 (6): 685–88. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1686221
• Quintana-Buil, G., A. Garcia-Sabaté, S. Batlle, et al. 2018. “A Sounding Rocket Experiment to Control Boiling by Means of Acoustic Waves.” Microgravity Science and Technology 30 (5): 731–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-018-9656-z
• Rabus, Tobias. 2023. “Safety Standards for Launch and Re-Entry Operations: Overview of Current Risk Management Policies in Different Countries and Industries.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 10 (3): 331–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2023.05.005
• Radhakrishnan, Kanmaniraja, Keonwoong Lee, and Jaye Koo. 2021. “A Detailed Modelling on Spray Atomisation and Combustion of LOX/GCH4 in Variable Area Pintle Injector Rocket Engines.” Combustion Theory and Modelling 25 (4): 718–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/13647830.2021.1937702
• Ramakrishna, S. 1974. “Temperature Sounding of the Atmosphere with Rocket Borne Payloads.” IETE Journal of Research 20 (9): 450–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1974.11487443
• Ramamurthi, K., and A. Jayashree. 1992. “Optimization of Mixture Ratio Distribution in Liquid Propellant Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (3): 605–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23521
• Ramanamurty, Y. V., and K. Rawer. 1985. “Electron Density Reference Profile in the Lower Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 5 (7): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90351-5
• Rampazzo, Alessandro, and Francesco Barato. 2023. “Modeling and CFD Simulation of Regression Rate in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Fire 6 (3): 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire6030100
• Rampini, R., L. Grizzaffi, and C. Lobascio. 2003. “Outgassing Kinetics Testing of Spacecraft Materials.” Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 34 (4): 359–64. https://doi.org/10.1002/mawe.200390075
• Ramsey, H. 1980. “Localized Plastic Buckling Deformation in Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Engineering Mathematics 14 (4): 283–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00052912
• Ramsey, H. 1981. “Buckling Deformation in Axially Compressed Elastic-Plastic Cylindrical Shells Initiated by Local Axisymmetric Imperfections.” Journal of Engineering Mathematics 15 (3): 171–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00042778
• Ramsey, M. C., R. W. Pitz, T. P. Jenkins, Y. Matsutomi, C. Yoon, and W. E. Anderson. 2011b. “Planar 2D Velocity Measurements in the Cap Shock Pattern of a Thrust Optimized Rocket Nozzle.” Shock Waves 22 (1): 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-011-0340-0
• Ran, Jun-Song, Xiao-Ting He, and Jun-Yi Sun. 2026. “Theoretical and Numerical Study of the Buckling of Axially Compressed Bimodular Thin Cylindrical Shells.” Materials 19 (14): 2964. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19142964
• Randrianalisoa, Jaona, Remy Dendievel, and Yves Bréchet. 2011. “Ablative Degradation of Cryogenic Thermal Protection and Fuel Boil-off: Improvement of Using Graded Density Insulators.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 54 (23–24): 4864–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2011.06.042
• Rang, Seongmin, Junyeong Jeong, Vikas Khandu Bhosale, and Sejin Kwon. 2022. “Reactivity of Hypergolic Hybrid Solid Fuel with Industrial Grade Hydrogen Peroxide.” SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4122898
• Rashkovskii, S. A., Yu. M. Milekhin, A. V. Fedorychev, and I. G. Assovskii. 2009. “Stability of Combustion in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors with Pressure Stabilization System.” Doklady Physical Chemistry 428 (1): 178–82. https://doi.org/10.1134/s001250160909005x
• Rastogi, R. P., and C. V. Ouseph. 1965. “Combustion of Solid Rocket Propellants.” Combustion and Flame 9 (4): 417–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(65)90033-7
• Rastogi, R. P., Ram Raj Singh, and Anand P. Rao. 1982. “Dependence of Burning Rate of Composite Solid Propellants on Pressure.” Combustion and Flame 45: 205–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(82)90045-1
• Ratkevich, B., S. Brierley, D. Lupia, and T. Leiker. 2013. “Space Launch Flight Termination System Initial Development.” In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2013.6497133
• Rauch, Lawrence L. 1957. “Ballistic Missile Telemetry.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-3 (2): 2–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1957.6540504
• Rawer, K. 1985. “Determining Electron Density Profiles for the Middle Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 5 (10): 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90179-6
• Rawer, K. 1987. “Joint Analytical Profile of Electron Density through the Whole Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 7 (6): 25–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90267-5
• Raza, Ali. 2024. “Dynamic Stability Analysis of Spin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 2024 21st International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ibcast61650.2024.10877169
• Raza, Muhammad Aamir, and Wang Liang. 2012. “Design and Optimization of 3D Wagon Wheel Grain for Dual Thrust Solid Rocket Motors.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 38 (1): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201100104
• Raza, Ali, and Hua Wang. 2022. “Range and Accuracy Improvement of Artillery Rocket Using Fixed Canards Trajectory Correction Fuze.” Aerospace 9 (1): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010032
• Reardon, Frederick H. 1997. “Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” Combustion and Flame 109 (3): 501–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0010-2180(96)00180-0
• Reardon, F. H., L. Crocco, and D. T. Harrje. 1964. “Velocity Effects in Transverse Mode Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability.” AIAA Journal 2 (9): 1631–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.2631
• Reddy, Gunda, Jian Song, Michael S. Mecchi, and Mark S. Johnson. 2010. “Genotoxicity Assessment of Two Hypergolic Energetic Propellant Compounds.” Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis 700 (1–2): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mrgentox.2010.04.019
• “Reducing Boil-off from Cryogenic Liquids.” 1971. Cryogenics 11 (1): 85–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0011-2275(71)90058-0
• Reid, R. H. G., and George L. Withbroe. 1970. “The Density and Vibrational Distribution of Molecular Oxygen in the Lower Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 18 (8): 1255–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(70)90215-1
• Reijasse, P. 2002. “Separation and Side-Load Model for Subscale Axisymmetric Nozzles.” Aerospace Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1270-9638(02)01181-1
• Reinisch, Bodo. 2014. “Ionosphere and Plasmasphere Electron Density Profiles.” In 2014 XXXIth URSI General Assembly and Scientific Symposium (URSI GASS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ursigass.2014.6929871
• Remiddi, Arianna, Giuseppe Indelicato, Pasquale Eduardo Lapenna, and Francesco Creta. 2023. “Efficient Time-Resolved Thermal Characterization of Single and Multi-Injector Rocket Combustion Chambers.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 39 (4): 5043–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2022.07.231
• Ren, Ke, Haiyang Gao, Shuqi Niu, et al. 2024. “Simulation of Polar Mesospheric Cloud Measurements via Spaceborne LiDAR and Detection Efficiency Analysis.” Applied Optics 63 (27): 7056. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.525362
• Ren, X. M., Ming Zhang, and Hong Nie. 2021. “Optimization of Multilayer Thermal Protection System by Using Phase Change Material under Aerodynamic Heating.” Applied Thermal Engineering 191: 116677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116677
• Rense, Win. A. 1957. “Solar Lyman α Radiation.” Astronomical Journal 62: 30. https://doi.org/10.1086/107448
• Renwarin, Rezki Benedikto, Agus Dwi Prasetyo, Anita Pascawati, and Achmad Munir. 2024. “Development of Semi-Conformal Antennas for Telemetry and GPS Applications on Experimental Rocket.” In 2024 9th International Conference on Smart and Sustainable Technologies (SpliTech). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/splitech61897.2024.10612326
• “Report No. 538, Altitude-Pressure Tables Based on the United States Standard Atmosphere.” 1935. Journal of the Franklin Institute 220 (5): 680. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0016-0032(35)90062-x
• “Report on the Altitude Experiments with the Liquid Fuel Rocket HW 2 at the ‘Frischen Nehrung’.” 1932. Astronautics 2 (25): 5–5. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.11951
• “Results of an Investigation of Meteoric Matter by Means of Instruments on Space Rockets.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (3): 254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90209-4
• “Results of Radioastronomical Tracking of Soviet Space Rockets.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 8 (3–4): 194. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90266-5
• Rhee, Ihnseok, Changjin Lee, and Jae-Woo Lee. 2008. “Optimal Design for Hybrid Rocket Engine for Air Launch Vehicle.” Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 22 (8): 1576–85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12206-008-0514-6
• Rhoden, E. A., J. M. Forbes, and F. A. Marcos. 2000. “The Influence of Geomagnetic and Solar Variabilities on Lower Thermosphere Density.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 62 (11): 999–1013. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1364-6826(00)00066-3
• Rice, William C. 1979. “Economics of the Solid Rocket Booster for Space Shuttle.” Acta Astronautica 6 (12): 1685–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(79)90006-7
• Ricker, Sophie C., David Brüggemann, Dominic Freudenmann, Robert Ricker, and Stefan Schlechtriem. 2022. “Protic Thiocyanate Ionic Liquids as Fuels for Hypergolic Bipropellants with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Fuel 328: 125290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125290
• Rieger, T. J., K. S. Tait, and H. R. Baum. 1975. “Atmospheric Interaction Radiation from High Altitude Rocket Exhausts.” Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 15 (12): 1117–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-4073(75)90044-8
• Rioland, Guillaume, Mathieu Hubert, Baptiste Houret, and Delphine Faye. 2022. “Outgassing of Three Space Materials from −75 to 25°C.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59 (4): 1357–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35329
• Rivera-Crespo, Carolina, Leonel Vélez-Román, William Meza-Morales, et al. 2026. “Collagen-Heparan Sulfate Microcarriers Support Mesenchymal Stem Cell Culture in Microgravity and Streamline Post-Flight Recovery.” npj Microgravity 12 (1): 73. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-026-00643-8
• Robbins, H. M. 1965. “Optimality of Intermediate-Thrust Arcs of Rocket Trajectories.” AIAA Journal 3 (6): 1094–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3060
• Roberts, B. W. 1974. “Aerodynamic Inflation of Shell Type, Parachute Structures.” Journal of Aircraft 11 (7): 390–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60354
• Roberts, Bryan W. 1980. “Use of an Apex Drogue as a Means for Controlling Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 17 (5): 376–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57915
• Roberts, T. Maximillian, Kristina A. Lynch, Robert E. Clayton, Michael E. Disbrow, and Christopher J. Hansen. 2017. “Magnetometer-Based Attitude Determination for Deployed Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 40 (11): 2941–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g002591
• “Rocket Measurements of Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere, Using an Ultra-Shortwave Dispersion Interferometer.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90052-6
• “Rocket Nozzle Comprising Pyrolytic Graphite-Silicon Carbide Inserts.” 1978. Composites 9 (3): 213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-4361(78)90463-9
• “Rocket Propellant and Pressurization Systems.” 1964. Journal of the Franklin Institute 277 (4): 366. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(64)90459-4
• “The Rocketor’s Primer: Internal Combustion and the Rocket Motor.” 1941. Astronautics 11 (50): 11–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10317
• Rodden, J. J., and R. J. Pollak. 1960. “Servo Control of a Variable Thrust Rocket.” ARS Journal 30 (10): 964–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5287
• Rodean, Howard C. 1959. “Rocket Thrust Termination Transients.” ARS Journal 29 (6): 406–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4786
• Rogers, W. L. 1953. “Determination of Thrust Alignment in Rocket Engines.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (6): 355–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4641
• Roh, Tae-Seong, Sourabh Apte, and Vigor Yang. 1998. “Transient Combustion Response of Homogeneous Solid Propellant to Acoustic Oscillations in a Rocket Motor.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 27 (2): 2335–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(98)80084-2
• Roloff, H. A. 1957. “Telemetering Receiving System at the Air Force Missile Test Center.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-3 (1): 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1957.6541527
• Romantsova, O. V., and V. B. Ulybin. 2015. “Safety Issues of High-Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide Production Used as Rocket Propellant.” Acta Astronautica 109: 231–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.10.022
• Romero-Calvo, Á., Vladislav Urbansky, Vadim Yudintsev, Hanspeter Schaub, and Valeriy Trushlyakov. 2023. “Novel Propellant Settling Strategies for Liquid Rocket Engine Restart in Microgravity.” Acta Astronautica 202: 214–28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.10.012
• Romine, G. L. 1998. “Nozzle Flow Separation.” AIAA Journal 36 (9): 1618–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.588
• Rong, Hailong, Yanping Zhu, Jidong Lv, Yang Chen, Cuiyun Peng, and Ling Zou. 2021. “Conditional Equivalence between Extended Kalman Filter and Complementary Filter for Two-Vector Gyro-Aided Attitude Determination.” Measurement 168: 108428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2020.108428
• Rose, G., and H. U. Widdel. 1972. “On the Possibility of a Simultaneous Measurement of Wind Speed, Wind Direction, Air Density and Air Temperatures at Heights Which Correspond to the Upper d-Region (Max. 95 Km) with Chaff Cloud Sensors.” Planetary and Space Science 20 (6): 877–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(72)90173-0
• Rosenberg, N. W., W. M. Hamilton, and D. J. Lovell. 1962. “Rocket Exhaust Radiation Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere.” Applied Optics 1 (2): 115. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.1.000115
• Rosenberg, M., and G. Sorasio. 2006. “Lower Hybrid Instability in Gas-Dust Formations from Rocket Exhaust in the Ionosphere.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 43 (1): 245–48. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.16391
• Roshanian, J., and M. Talebi. 2008. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Stage Separation Dynamics of a Multistage Launch Vehicle.” Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 29 (11): 1411–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10483-008-1103-z
• Ross, Edward W. 1972. “A General Theory of Parachute Opening.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (4): 257–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58967
• Rosso, M. J., and P. M. Golben. 1987. “Capture of Liquid Hydrogen Boil-off with Metal Hydride Absorbers.” Journal of the Less Common Metals 131 (1–2): 283–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-5088(87)90527-3
• Rotenberg, Y., M. Burrows, and R. McNeil. 1986. “Vibration Effects on Boil-off Rate from a Small Liquid Hydrogen Tank.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 11 (11): 729–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-3199(86)90142-4
• Roth, Robert S. 1969. “Data Unscrambling and the Motion of a Rocket inside a Smoothbore Launcher.” Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 27 (3): 656–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(69)90144-9
• Rottman, G. J., C. S. Freer, and H. W. Moos. 1973b. “The Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Jupiter.” Astrophysical Journal 184. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730056967
• Roussel, Jean-Francois. 1998. “Spacecraft Plasma Environment and Contamination Simulation Code: Description and First Tests.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 35 (2): 205–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3311
• Roussel, Jean-François, David Lansade, Delphine Faye, et al. 2026. “Influence of Outgassing and Desorption on Pressure in Spacecraft Cavities in Flight.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 63 (5): 1439–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a36502
• Roy, R. I. S., and D. E. Hastings. 1993. “Modelling of Ion Thruster Plumes for Spacecraft Contamination.” In International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/plasma.1993.593475
• Roy, R. I. Samanta, and D. E. Hastings. 1996. “Three-Dimensional Modeling of Dual Ion-Thruster Plumes for Spacecraft Contamination.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33 (4): 519–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26794
• Roy, R. I. Samanta, D. E. Hastings, and N. A. Gatsonis. 1996. “Numerical Study of Spacecraft Contamination and Interactions by Ion-Thruster Effluents.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 33 (4): 535–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26796
• Roy, Abhijit, Ritabrata Sarkar, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. 2021. “Background Model of Phoswich X-Ray Detector on Board Small Balloon.” Advances in Space Research 68 (7): 3052–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2021.05.013
• Rubio Hervas, Jaime, and Mahmut Reyhanoglu. 2014. “Thrust-Vector Control of a Three-Axis Stabilized Upper-Stage Rocket with Fuel Slosh Dynamics.” Acta Astronautica 98: 120–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.01.022
• Rudakov, V. A. 1963. “Some Results of Rocket Measurements of the Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere up to Heights of 200 Km Made in 1959–1960.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (1): 59–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90203-4
• Rudinskii, A. V., and D. A. Yagodnikov. 2021. “Electrophysics of the Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuel in the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Chamber.” High Temperature 59 (2–6): 268–76. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0018151x2103010x
• Sabán-Fosch, Alejandro, Eduard Diez-Lledó, Manel Soria, and Miquel Sureda. 2025. “Towards the First European Autonomous Flight Safety System- Software and Hardware Design.” Acta Astronautica 236: 417–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.07.004
• Saccomandi, Giuseppe. 1999. “A Nonlinear Boltzmann-like Model of Outgassing and Contamination.” Transport Theory and Statistical Physics 28 (2): 157–70. https://doi.org/10.1080/00411459908205654
• Sadeck, James E., and Calvin K. Lee. 2009. “Continuous Disreefing Method for Parachute Opening.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (2): 501–4. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.37444
• Sadovský, Z., and J. Kriváček. 2020. “Influential Geometric Imperfections in Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells – a Novel Approach.” Engineering Structures 223: 111170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111170
• Sagliano, Marco, David Seelbinder, Stephan Theil, and Ping Lu. 2024. “Six-Degree-of-Freedom Rocket Landing Optimization via Augmented Convex–Concave Decomposition.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 47 (1): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g007570
• Sahani, Romio Rosan, Utpal Mandal, Anupam Shrivastava, and Hare Krishna Ratha. 2017. “High Power UHF Transmitters Using SSPA for Flight Termination System in Test Range: A Detailed Study.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Circuits and Systems (ICCS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccs1.2017.8326017
• Sahul Kumar, V. S., and P. A. Ramakrishna. 2026. “Hypergolic Aluminized Fuels with Rocket-Grade Hydrogen Peroxide: A Comprehensive Study of the Ignition Delay, Energetics, Thermo-Physical Properties, Mechanical Properties and Storability.” Fuel 403: 135966. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135966
• Saini, Vikram Kumar, Shubhakriti Gupta, and Dipak Kumar Giri. 2025. “Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Based Attitude Estimation.” In 2025 IEEE Space, Aerospace and Defence Conference (SPACE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/space65882.2025.11171038
• Sainte-Rose, B., N. Bertier, S. Deck, and F. Dupoirieux. 2012. “Numerical Simulations and Physical Analysis of an Overexpanded Reactive Gas Flow in a Planar Nozzle.” Combustion and Flame 159 (9): 2856–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2012.04.001
• Sakaki, Kazuki, Tomokazu Funahashi, Shinji Nakaya, et al. 2018. “Longitudinal Combustion Instability of a Pintle Injector for a Liquid Rocket Engine Combustor.” Combustion and Flame 194: 115–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.04.017
• Sakaki, Kazuki, Hiromitsu Kakudo, Shinji Nakaya, et al. 2017. “Combustion Characteristics of Ethanol/Liquid-Oxygen Rocket-Engine Combustor with Planar Pintle Injector.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 33 (2): 514–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b36144
• Sakoda, George T., Robert J. Fujimoto, John M. Shigemoto, and Richard M. Windsor. 1984. “Parachute-Suspended Solar Pointing Control System.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 7 (2): 238–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.8573
• Sala-diakanda, Serge, and Luis Rabelo. 2006. “Information Fusion and Component Development for Space Launch Risk Analysis.” In Proceedings of the 2006 Winter Simulation Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.2006.323060
• Salehi Paniagua, K., P. García-Fogeda Núñez, and F. Arévalo Lozano. 2025. “A Cost-Efficient Method to Determine the Dynamic Stability of a Missile/rocket Configuration with Grid Fins.” Aerospace Science and Technology 159: 109948. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.109948
• Salman, Mishah Uzziel, and Borchin Chang. 2010. “Active Coning Compensation for Control of Spinning Flying Vehicles.” In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2010.5611245
• Sandahl, Ingrid. 1988. “Coordinated Viking and Sounding Rocket Studies.” Advances in Space Research 8 (9–10): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90110-x
• Sanger, Ing. Eugen. 1936. “The Rocket Combustion Motor.” Astronautics 6 (35): 2–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10164
• Santolini, Valerio, and Christian Paravan. 2026. “On Soot and Its Environmental Impact in Hybrid Rocket Engines.” Aerospace 13 (8): 666. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13080666
• Santoni, F., and F. Bolotti. 2000. “Attitude Determination of Small Spinning Spacecraft Using Three Axis Magnetometer and Solar Panels Data.” In 2000 IEEE Aerospace Conference. Proceedings (Cat. No.00TH8484), vol. 7. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2000.879282
• Santoni, F., F. Piergentili, and F. Graziani. 2010. “Broglio Drag Balance for Neutral Thermosphere Density Measurement on UNICubeSAT.” Advances in Space Research 45 (5): 651–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2009.10.001
• Sanz, Manuel C. 1948. “Five-Pound Thrust Liquid Mono-Propellant Rocket.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (75): 122–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4243
• Sapozhnikov, Igor, Amiram Leitner, Benveniste Natan, and Elaad Mograbi. 2021. “Investigation of the Ablative Properties of an EPDM\Kevlar Insulator in a Solid Rocket Motor.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 47 (1): e202100051. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202100051
• Sarritzu, Alberto, Angelo Pasini, Florian Merz, Lukas Werling, and Felix Lauck. 2024. “Experimental Investigation of Combustion Performance of a Green Hypergolic Bipropellant Based on Hydrogen Peroxide.” Acta Astronautica 219: 278–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.03.030
• Sathe, Ajinkya Shrikant, Ayyan Nikunj Bhartia, Surya Sridhar, and Jayakrishnan Radhakrishnan. 2026. “Subsystem-Level Aerodynamic Optimization with Max-Q-Based System Integration and Flight Testing of an Experimental Sounding Rocket.” Aerospace Science and Technology 178: 113242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113242
• Sattelmayer, Thomas, Martin Schmid, and Moritz Schulze. 2015. “Interaction of Combustion with Transverse Velocity Fluctuations in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 31 (4): 1137–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35529
• Schaeffer, R. C. 1976. “Silicon Photodiode as a Detector in the Rocket-Borne Photometry of the near Infrared Airglow.” Applied Optics 15 (11): 2902. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.15.002902
• Schalla, Rose L., and Edward A. Fletcher. 1959. “The Ignition Behavior of Various Amines with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” ARS Journal 29 (1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4673
• Scheller, Karl, and James A. Bierlein. 1953. “Some Experiments on Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzles.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 23 (1): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4528
• Schenck, Hilbert V. 1949. “Hydraulic Analog of Flow through Supersonic Nozzles.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (77): 75–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4274
• Scheufler, Henning, and Jens Gerstmann. 2022. “Heat and Mass Transfer in a Cryogenic Tank in Case of Active-Pressurization.” Cryogenics 121: 103391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103391
• Scheurpflug, Frank, Alexander Kallenbach, and Francesco Cremaschi. 2012. “Sounding Rocket Dispersion Reduction Impact by Second Stage Pointing Control.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 49 (6): 1159–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a32193
• Schiff, Lewis B. 1972b. “Nonlinear Aerodynamics of Bodies in Coning Motion.” AIAA Journal 10 (11): 1517–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50395
• Schiff, Lewis B., and Murray Tobak. 1970. “Results from a New Wind-Tunnel Apparatus for Studying Coning and Spinning Motions of Bodies of Revolution.” AIAA Journal 8 (11): 1953–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6031
• Schlosser, A. 1979. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Retrieval Equipments, an Overview.” In OCEANS ‘79. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1979.1151324
• Schmidt, Laszlo, Michael R. H. Thoma, and Thomas M. Klapötke. 2026. “Tris(2,2,2-Trinitroethyl) Orthoformate (TNEF): A Promising Halogen-Free CHNO Oxidizer for Advanced Solid Propellant Applications.” FirePhysChem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2026.06.002
• Schneider, W. 2005. “Stimulating Equivalent Geometric Imperfections for the Numerical Buckling Strength Verification of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Steel Shells.” Computational Mechanics 37 (6): 530–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00466-005-0728-8
• Schneider, Stefan, Tom Hawkins, Yonis Ahmed, Michael Rosander, Leslie Hudgens, and Jeff Mills. 2011. “Green Bipropellants: Hydrogen-Rich Ionic Liquids that Are Hypergolic with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Angewandte Chemie 123 (26): 6008–10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ange.201101752
• Schoendorf, J., G. Crowley, and R. G. Roble. 1996. “Neutral Density Cells in the High Latitude Thermosphere—2. Mechanisms.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58 (15): 1769–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)00166-2
• Schoenman, L., and P. Block. 1968. “Laminar Boundary-Layer Heat Transfer in Low- Thrust Rocket Nozzles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (9): 1082–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29425
• Schroeder, G. Starr, Jessica C. Clark, Michael Gallagher, and Shawna Pandya. 2021. “Medical Guidelines for Suborbital Commercial Human Spaceflight: A Review.” Acta Astronautica 187: 529–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.02.027
• Schunk, R. W., and J. C. G. Walker. 1973. “Ambipolar Diffusion in the F1-Region of the Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 21. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730041126
• Schutz, S. R., and L. G. Smith. 1975. “A Comparison of Two Rocket Borne Langmuir Probes Having Electrodes of Different Materials.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 37. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760034349
• Schweizer, W., and G. Schmidtke. 1971. “High-Resolution Extreme-Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum Recorded with a Diffraction-Filter Spectrograph.” Astrophysical Journal 169: L27. https://doi.org/10.1086/180807
• Scialdone, John J. 1986. “An Estimate of the Outgassing of Space Payloads and Its Gaseous Influence on the Environment.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 23 (4): 373–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25815
• Scott, W. E. 1967. “Free-Flight Spin Decay of a Spin-Stabilized Shell Containing a Viscous Liquid.” AIAA Journal 5 (12): 2276–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4426
• Sehga, Robert. 1962. “Payload Separation and Thrust Termination in a Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor.” Institute of the Aerospace Sciences 21 (5). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620004856
• Sehnal, L. 1987. “Models of the Thermosphere Total Density for Satellite Dynamics.” Advances in Space Research 7 (10): 203–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90093-7
• Sehnal, Ladislav. 1990. “Comparison of the Thermosphere Total Density Model TD 88 with Cira 86.” Advances in Space Research 10 (6): 27–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90233-p
• Sekaran, V. G. 1983. “Subsonic Rolling Moments for Wing Roll Control of a Cruciform Missile Model.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 20 (2): 97–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28362
• Sellam, M., G. Fournier, A. Chpoun, and Ph. Reijasse. 2013. “Numerical Investigation of Overexpanded Nozzle Flows: Asymmetrical Configuration and Hysteresis Phenomenon.” Shock Waves 24 (1): 33–39. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-013-0458-3
• Sellers, John P. 1961. “Effect of Two-Dimensional Heat Transfer on Wall Temperatures in a Tubular Thrust Chamber.” ARS Journal 31 (3): 445–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.5504
• Seo, Mansu, and Sangkwon Jeong. 2010. “Analysis of Self-Pressurization Phenomenon of Cryogenic Fluid Storage Tank with Thermal Diffusion Model.” Cryogenics 50 (9): 549–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2010.02.021
• Serafimov, K. B. 1988. “An IRI-Based Improvement of the Electron Density Distribution in the Lower Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 8 (4): 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(88)90214-1
• Sergienko, A. 1993. “Liquid Rocket Engines for Large Thrust: Present and Future.” Acta Astronautica 29 (12): 905–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(93)90011-k
• Setty, C. S. G. K. 1965. “Electron Density Distribution at Noon in the Lower Ionosphere.” IETE Journal of Research 11 (4): 127–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1965.11485147
• Shafer, Yu. G. 1963. “Effect of Drop in Solar Activity on Intensity of Cosmic Rays According to Sounding Rocket Measurements in 1958 and 1960.” Planetary and Space Science 11 (4): 427–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90269-1
• Shan, Fanli, Lingyun Hou, and Ying Piao. 2013. “Combustion Performance and Scale Effect from N2O/HTPB Hybrid Rocket Motor Simulations.” Acta Astronautica 85: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2012.12.013
• Shandling, Jennifer, and Daniel H. Platus. 1986. “Control of Missile Dispersion via Roll Rate Modulation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 9 (6): 638–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20158
• Shankar, Ajay, Sebastian Elbaum, and Carrick Detweiler. 2018. “Towards Aerial Recovery of Parachute-Deployed Payloads.” In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8594082
• Shanmugam, Ar, and Ki Sun Park. 2024. “Flow and Heat Transfer of Supercritical Hydrogen in a Regenerative Cooling Channel with the Arc Ribs of a Rocket Engine.” Applied Thermal Engineering 236: 121451. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2023.121451
• Shannon, C. E. 1948. “A Mathematical Theory of Communication.” Bell System Technical Journal 27 (3): 379–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
• Sharma, S. K. 1963. “Measurement of Collisional Frequency in the F2Region of the Ionosphere under Rippled Condition of the Ionosphere.” IETE Journal of Research 9 (9): 650–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1963.11486516
• Sharma, Ramesh D., and Phan D. Dao. 2005. “A Potential Experiment for in-Situ Measurement of Atmospheric Temperature and Atomic Oxygen Density in the 90–150km Altitude Range by a Raman Lidar.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 67 (16): 1519–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2005.08.016
• Sharma, R. P., and R. G. Rastogi. 1971. “Lunar-Solar Tides in Electron Density at Fixed Heights of the Ionosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 19 (10): 1349–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90189-9
• Sharp, William E. 1991. “The Measurement of Atomic Oxygen in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 39 (4): 617–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(91)90056-g
• Shcheglov, Georgy A., and Alexey V. Mordovskii. 2024. “Design Optimization of Cubic-Shaped Pressurant Tank for CubeSat Propulsion System.” Acta Astronautica 224: 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.07.037
• Sheahen, Thomas P. 1974. “Model of Response of an Electric Field Mill Operating during Suborbital Flight.” Review of Scientific Instruments 45 (2): 171–77. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1686580
• Shelhamer, Mark. 2014. “Life-Sciences Research Opportunities in Commercial Suborbital Space Flight.” Acta Astronautica 104 (1): 432–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2014.04.017
• Shen, Yunwei, Dongli Liu, Lei Liu, Changxu Qiu, Rui Zhuan, and Zhihua Gan. 2022. “Experimental Study on a Simplified Precooled JT Cryocooler for Liquid Hydrogen Zero Boil-off Storage.” Applied Thermal Engineering 216: 119087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119087
• Shesta, John. 1940. “Following the Rocket in Flight: Performance Report on Range Finders.” Astronautics 10 (46): 6–7. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10274
• Shi, Qiangqiang, Daniel Reasor, Zheng Gao, Xiaolin Li, and Richard D. Charles. 2015. “On the Verification and Validation of a Spring Fabric for Modeling Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Fluids and Structures 58: 20–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.06.014
• Shi, Pu, Guoqiang Zhu, Jiming Cheng, Nuo Chen, Jinxian Li, and Xiao Hou. 2024. “Multi‒scale Numerical Investigations on the Atomization Performance of Liquid‒liquid Pintle Injector.” Aerospace Science and Technology 154: 109524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109524
• Shimazaki, Tatsuo. 1965. “On the Continuity Equation for Electron Density in the Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 27 (5): 593–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(65)90127-3
• Shoaib, Muhammad N., Botchu V. S. Jyoti, Seung Wook Baek, and Jeongmoo Huh. 2018. “Effect of Alcohol Carbon Chain on Enthalpy of Combustion and Ignition Delay Time for Gelled Hypergolic Propellant System.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 43 (5): 453–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201700268
• Shoji Yoshikawa and Takehiro Nishiyama. 2007. “Attitude Determination of Rotating Spacecraft by Magnetic Sensors.” In SICE Annual Conference 2007. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sice.2007.4421509
• Shoyama, Tadayoshi, Yutaka Wada, Mitsuru Shimagaki, Tomoyuki Hashimoto, and Satoshi Takada. 2024. “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Cycles Partially Using Electric Turbopump.” Acta Astronautica 224: 138–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.08.005
• Shu, Jing, Wenhe Liao, Kan Zheng, Zhongmin Xiao, and Song Dong. 2025. “Investigation on Ablation Resistance of C/C Composites Throat in Solid Rocket Motor Machined by Rotary Ultrasonic.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 164: 108805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108805
• Shull, J. M. 1978. “H2 Resonance Fluorescence with Lyman-Alpha.” Astrophysical Journal 224: 841. https://doi.org/10.1086/156433
• Sibulkin, Merwin. 1956. “Heat Transfer to an Incompressible Turbulent Boundary Layer and Estimation of Heat-Transfer Coefficients at Supersonic Nozzle Throats.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 23 (2): 162–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.3524
• Sicinski, H. S., N. W. Spencer, and W. G. Dow. 1954. “Rocket Measurements of Upper Atmosphere Ambient Temperature and Pressure in the 30- to 75-Kilometer Region.” Journal of Applied Physics 25 (2): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1721596
• Siemes, Christian, Jose van den IJssel, and Pieter Visser. 2024. “Uncertainty of Thermosphere Mass Density Observations Derived from Accelerometer and GNSS Tracking Data.” Advances in Space Research 73 (10): 5043–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.02.057
• Silnikov, Mikhail V., and Mikhail V. Chernyshov. 2017a. “Incident Shock Strength Evolution in Overexpanded Jet Flow out of Rocket Nozzle.” Acta Astronautica 135: 172–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.11.025
• Silnikov, M. V., and M. V. Chernyshov. 2017b. “Supersonic Flow Gradients at an Overexpanded Nozzle Lip.” Shock Waves 28 (4): 765–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-017-0772-2
• Silva Oliveira, Jeffeson Arlley, Jose Luiz da Silva, and Fabio Vieira de Sousa. 2017. “Project of LPS for Rocket Launcher of the Barreira Do Inferno Launch Center — CLBI.” In 2017 International Symposium on Lightning Protection (XIV SIPDA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sipda.2017.8116902
• Simões, Luciana Pereira, Carlos Renato dos Santos, and Alison Moraes. 2024. “A Proposed Methodology for Assessment of Li-Ion Cell Suitability and Safety for Suborbital Vehicle Applications.” Microgravity Science and Technology 36 (3): 24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-024-10110-2
• Simons, Girard A. 1972. “Rarefaction Effects in High-Altitude Rocket Plumes.” AIAA Journal 10 (3): 296–300. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6579
• Singer, S. F. 1956. “Research in the Upper Atmosphere with High Altitude Sounding Rockets.” Vistas in Astronomy 2: 878–912. https://doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(56)90015-0
• Singh, K. P., K. M. V. Apparao, and R. K. Manchanda. 1982. “X-Ray Observation of Two Gamma-Ray Source Fields with the Einstein Observatory.” Astrophysics and Space Science 82 (2): 477–79. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00651454
• Sirignano, William A., and Jeremy Krieg. 2016. “Two-Time-Variable Perturbation Theory for Liquid-Rocket Combustion Instability.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 32 (3): 755–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35954
• Sirignano, William A., and Pavel P. Popov. 2013. “Two-Dimensional Model for Liquid-Rocket Transverse Combustion Instability.” AIAA Journal 51 (12): 2919–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j052512
• Sloan, William A. 1966. “Rocket Measurements of the Solar Surface in the Light of Lyman Alpha, 1216.” Astronomical Journal 71: 399. https://doi.org/10.1086/110055
• Slowey, J. W. 1983. “The Geomagnetic Variation in the Upper Atmosphere.” Advances in Space Research 3 (1): 67–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(83)90207-7
• Smith, G. 1971. “Radiation Efficiency of Electrically Small Multiturn Loop Antennas Used in Upper Atmosphere Propagation Experiments.” In 1971 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.1971.1150909
• Smith, L. G., E. K. Walton, and E. A. Mechtly. 1978. “Vertical Incidence Absorption Calculated Using Electron Density Profiles from Rocket Experiments and Comparison with Observations during the Winter Anomaly.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 40 (10–11): 1185–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(78)90068-5
• Snodgrass, R. B. 1955. “Flight Measurements of Aerodynamic Heating and Boundary Layer Transition on the Viking 10 Nose Cone.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 25 (12): 701–6. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.6860
• Sobral, J. H. A., M. A. Abdu, P. Muralikrishna, et al. 1997. “Horizontal Gradients of the Nocturnal OI 557.7 Nm and OI 630 Nm Photoemission Rates in the Equatorial Ionosphere Based on Rocket Electron Density Data.” Advances in Space Research 20 (6): 1317–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(97)00795-3
• Sohn, Chae Hoon, Woo-Seok Seol, Alexander A. Shibanov, and Valery P. Pikalov. 2004. “On the Method for Hot-Fire Modeling of High-Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Rocket Engines.” KSME International Journal 18 (6): 1010–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02990873
• Sojka, J. J., J. V. Eccles, H. Thiemann, et al. 2002. “An Observation-Driven Model of the Equatorial Ionosphere: DEOS Rocket Campaign Study.” Advances in Space Research 29 (6): 899–905. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00046-7
• Sokolowski, Dariusz, Maciej Cichocki, Grzegorz Wnuk, Michal Pyza, and Eryk Jamroz. 2023. “Development of a Three-Stage Suborbital Rocket System to Lift Research Payloads.” In 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115767
• Solomon, Stanley C. 2006. “Numerical Models of the E-Region Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 37 (5): 1031–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2005.09.040
• “Some Results of Experiments Carried out in Interplanetary Space by Means of Charged-Particle Traps on Soviet Cosmic Rockets.” 1963. Planetary and Space Science 11 (1): 102. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90220-4
• “Some Results of Measurements of the Thermodynamic Parameters of the Stratosphere Using Meteorological Rockets.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90056-3
• Son, Min, Wolfgang Armbruster, Justin S. Hardi, and Michael Oschwald. 2021. “Measuring the Velocity Field of a Shear-Coaxial, Cryogenic Flame in a High-Pressure Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 38 (2): 3389–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2020.07.076
• Son, Min, Michael Börner, Wolfgang Armbruster, and Justin S. Hardi. 2023. “Orifice Flow Dynamics in a Rocket Injector as an Excitation Source of Injector-Driven Combustion Instabilities.” Aerospace 10 (5): 452. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050452
• Song, Wooseok, Juhyun Hwang, and Jaye Koo. 2021a. “Atomization of Gelled Kerosene by Multi-Hole Pintle Injector for Rocket Engines.” Fuel 285: 119212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2020.119212
• Song, Jie, Tao Liang, Qinglian Li, et al. 2021b. “Study on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Regenerative Cooling for LOX/LCH4 Variable Thrust Rocket Engine.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28: 101664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101664
• Song, Shixiong, Hongxu Ma, Xinfan Yin, Honglei An, and Qing Wei. 2023. “Study on Pressure Control Method of Combustion Chamber of Single-Stage Solid Rocket Motor.” In 2023 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac59555.2023.10451763
• Song, Jiawen, Bing Sun, and Yuyang Xing. 2022b. “Thermo-Structural Behavior of Thermal Barrier Coatings for Thrust Chamber Applications.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 130: 105776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2021.105776
• Song, Jiawen, Yunfei Yuan, Jian Liu, Shibin Luo, and Bengt Sunden. 2022a. “Heat Transfer Enhancement of Regenerative Cooling Channel with Pyramid Lattice Sandwich Structures.” Heat Transfer Engineering 44 (14): 1271–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/01457632.2022.2127049
• Soong, Tsai-Chen. 1967. “Buckling of Cylindrical Shell under Pressure by Using Sanders’ Theory.” AIAA Journal 5 (5): 1049–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4135
• Sopegno, Laura, Patrizia Livreri, Margareta Stefanovic, and Kimon P. Valavanis. 2023. “Thrust Vector Controller Comparison for a Finless Rocket.” Machines 11 (3): 394. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11030394
• Söraas, F., and B. Trumpy. 1966. “Rocket Measurement of Proton Energy Spectra and Pitch Angle Distribution in the Auroral Zone.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 28 (11): 1081–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9169(17)30046-6
• Sorić, J. 1991. “Elastic Buckling of Internally Pressurized Imperfect Torispherical Shell.” Computational Mechanics 8 (3): 161–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00372686
• Soudarin, Célia, Romain Beauchet, Yann Batonneau, Lilian Prévost, Bastien Boust, and Marc Bellenoue. 2026b. “Ignition Process for Hypergolic Reaction between Sodium Borohydride and Triglyme with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Advances in Space Research 78 (3): 2944–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2026.05.052
• “Sources of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation.” 1962. Solar Energy 6 (1): 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0038-092x(62)90111-1
• “Soviet Investigation of the Ionosphere with the Aid of Rockets and Artificial Earth Satellites.” 1961. Planetary and Space Science 5 (1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(61)90060-5
• Spencer, N., H. Schulte, and H. Sicinski. 1954. “Rocket Instrumentation for Reliable Upper-Atmosphere Temperature Determination.” Proceedings of the IRE 42 (7): 1104–8. https://doi.org/10.1109/jrproc.1954.274538
• Sribonfha, Pansaporn, Sirod Sirisup, Pawat Chusilp, and Weerachart Kulsirikasem. 2012. “An Efficient Approach for Nozzle Rocket Thrust Estimation.” In 2012 IEEE 15th International Conference on Computational Science and Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccse.2012.13
• Sridharan, R., and R. Raghavarao. 1984. “Evidence for Turbopause Control on Neutral Density Variations in the Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 46 (10): 851–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(84)90024-2
• Sripho, Pattapong, Suriya Duangsi, and Marinda Hongthong. 2016. “Comparison of Antenna for DTI Rocket Telemetry System.” In 2016 Second Asian Conference on Defence Technology (ACDT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acdt.2016.7437652
• Srivastava, Lokesh, L. Krishnanand, N. Kishore Nath, C. K. Hirwani, and M. R. M. Babu. 2022b. “Online Structural Integrity Monitoring of High-Performance Composite Rocket Motor Casing.” Materials Today: Proceedings 56: 1001–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2022.03.230
• Stansbury, Richard S., Massood Towhidnejead, and Embry-Riddle Aeronautical. 2013. “Initial Flight Tests of UAT ADS-B Unit for Suborbital Reusable Launch Vehicles.” In 2013 Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsurv.2013.6548610
• Stark, Ralf H., and Chloe Genin. 2012a. “Experimental Study on Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 28 (2): 307–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b34253
• Stark, R., and C. Génin. 2016a. “Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzles under High Altitude Condition.” Shock Waves 27 (1): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-016-0631-6
• Stark, R., and C. Génin. 2016b. “Optimization of a Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction Device.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 32 (6): 1395–1402. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35971
• Stebbings, R. F., G. V. Groves, R. L. F. Boyd, and P. J. Bowen. 1960. “Low-Altitude Testing of the Rocket-Grenade Experiment for Upper Atmosphere Temperatures and Winds.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 18 (2–3): 184–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(60)90091-x
• Stechman, R. Carl. 1993. “Advanced Thrust Chamber Materials for Earth Storable Bipropellant Rocket Engines.” Acta Astronautica 29 (2): 109–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(93)90028-u
• Steigman, Gary. 1976. “The Cosmic X-Ray Background.” Nature 262 (5571): 821–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/262821b0
• Stenflo, J. O., H. Biverot, and L. Stenmark. 1976. “Ultraviolet Polarimeter to Record Resonance-Line Polarization in the Solar Spectrum around 130–150 Nm.” Applied Optics 15 (5): 1188. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.15.001188
• Stengel, Robert F. 1966. “Flight Performance of a Small, Low-Altitude Rocket.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 3 (6): 938–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28569
• Stephens, Wendell B. 1971. “Imperfection Sensitivity of Axially Compressed Stringer Reinforced Cylindrical Panels under Internal Pressure.” AIAA Journal 9 (9): 1713–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.6420
• Stergis, C. G. 1966. “Rayleigh Scattering in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 28 (3): 273–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(66)90033-x
• Stern, S. A., and F. I. Tallentire. 1985. “Payload Piggybacking aboard Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 22 (6): 668–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25790
• Sternberg, Robert L. 1947. “Some Remarks on the Temperature Problems of the Interplanetary Rocket.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (70): 34–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4152
• Stewart, Thomas B., Graham S. Arnold, David F. Hall, et al. 1989. “Photochemical Spacecraft Self-Contamination: Laboratory Results Andsystems Impacts.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 26 (5): 358–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26080
• Stober, Keith Javier, Brian J. Cantwell, and Raja A. L. Otaibi. 2020. “Hypergolic Ignition of Lithium–Aluminum–Hydride-Doped Paraffin Wax and Nitric Acid.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 36 (3): 435–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37425
• Stockman, H. S., Jr., B. E. Woodgate, R. A. Nidey, and J. R. P. Angel. 1975. “A Large-Area Lithium-Fluoride Bragg Spectrometer for Stellar X-Ray Astronomy.” Nuclear Instruments and Methods 126. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760038828
• Stone, L. E. 1964. “Measurement Systems for Dual Range Rocket Motor Performance and LITVC Evaluation.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace 2 (2): 431–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/ta.1964.4319620
• Stout, Perry W., and S. Antony Snell. 2000. “Multiple on-Off Valve Control for a Launch Vehicle Tank Pressurization System.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 23 (4): 611–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4606
• Strelnikov, Boris, Tristan Staszak, Ralph Latteck, et al. 2021. “Sounding Rocket Project “PMWE” for Investigation of Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 218: 105596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105596
• Stroud, W. G., E. A. Terhune, J. H. Venner, J. R. Walsh, and S. Weiland. 1955. “Instrumentation of the Rocket-Grenade Experiment for Measuring Atmospheric Temperatures and Winds.” Review of Scientific Instruments 26 (5): 427–32. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1771317
• Strumik, M., M. Bzowski, and M. A. Kubiak. 2024. “Effects of Heliolatitudinal Anisotropy of Solar Far-ultraviolet/Extreme-Ultraviolet Emissions on Lyα Helioglow.” Astrophysical Journal 962 (1): 45. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad1884
• Stubbs, Theodore F. 1969. “Rocket Propulsion in an Inverse Square Force Field.” AIAA Journal 7 (6): 1169–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5298
• Sturz, L., and G. Zimmermann. 2006. “Investigations on Transient Directional Solidification under Microgravity on Sounding Rocket Missions.” Microgravity - Science and Technology 18 (3–4): 160–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02870401
• Su, Jun-ming, Shao-jian Zhou, Ning-juan Xue, et al. 2019. “Effect of Nozzle Thermal Environment on the Ablation Rate of the Throat Inserts of Solid Rocket Motors.” Carbon 144: 842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.11.094
• Subbaraya, B. H., B. K. Dash, and S. Prakash. 1973. “Solar Ultraviolet Absorption Measurements at Thumba Using Rocket-Borne Ultraviolet Detectors.” IETE Journal of Research 19 (7): 397–400. https://doi.org/10.1080/03772063.1973.11487213
• Subbaraya, B. H., and Shyam Lal. 1983. “Daytime Mesospheric Temperatures over the Low-Latitude Station Thumba Derived from Rocket-Borne Solar Lyman-α Absorption Measurements.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 45 (1): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9169(83)80006-3
• Sudbury, G. C. 1969. “A Rocket-Borne Photoelectric Spectrophotometer Using Convergent Beam Dispersion to Observe Far Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra.” Applied Optics 8 (10): 2013. https://doi.org/10.1364/ao.8.002013
• Sugimura, Nobuo, Toshinori Kuwahara, and Kazuya Yoshida. 2016. “Attitude Determination and Control System for Nadir Pointing Using Magnetorquer and Magnetometer.” In 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2016.7500665
• Suliga, Agnieszka, Bruno Bras, Orcun Ergincan, Ricardo Martins, James Geary, and Riccardo Rampini. 2022. “Transmission Loss of Spacecraft Optical Materials Due to Ultraviolet-Induced Contamination.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 59 (3): 773–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35220
• Suliga, Agnieszka, Orcun Ergincan, and Riccardo Rampini. 2021. “Modeling of Spacecraft Outgassed Contamination Levels by Thermogravimetric Analysis.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 58 (4): 1010–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a35020
• Sullivan, Brian F., Marvin E. Stick, and Robert E. McLnerney. 1977b. “Special Utilization of Triaxial Magnetometer Measurements as Prime Attitude Determination Sensors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 14 (4): 231–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57186
• Sumanik, S., J. Etele, and R. Pimentel. 2019. “Novel Numerical Boundary Condition for Simulating Plasma Actuator Effects on Rocket Roll Rate.” Acta Astronautica 162: 555–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.06.036
• Summanen, Tuula. 2000. “The Solar Ionization Rate of the Interplanetary Hydrogen as a Function of a Heliomagnetic Latitude: A New Model for the Interplanetary Lyman Alpha Studies.” Astrophysics and Space Science 274 (1–2): 143–48. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1026552107568
• Summerfield, Martin. 1951b. “A Theory of Unstable Combustion in Liquid Propellant Rocket Systems.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (5): 108–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4374
• Sun, Ruidi, Shengyang Gu, Xiankang Dou, and Na Li. 2022b. “Tidal Structures in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere and Their Solar Cycle Variations.” Atmosphere 13 (12): 2036. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13122036
• Sun, Xi-wan, Zhen-yun Guo, and Wei Huang. 2015a. “Passive Zero-Boil-off Storage of Liquid Hydrogen for Long-Time Space Missions.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 40 (30): 9347–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2015.05.184
• Sun, Meng, Xiangzhou Long, Bowen Xu, et al. 2025. “Review of Thrust Regulation and System Control Methods of Variable-Thrust Liquid Rocket Engines in Space Drones.” Actuators 14 (8): 385. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14080385
• Sun, Dechuan, Tianyou Luo, and Qiang Feng. 2019. “New Contour Design Method for Rocket Nozzle of Large Area Ratio.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/4926413
• Sun, Lin, Yanjie Ma, Futing Bao, Yang Liu, and Weihua Hui. 2022a. “Extended Application and Experimental Verification of a New Erosive Burning Model Coupled Heat Transfer between Gas and Grain Based on a Star-Grain Solid Rocket Motor.” Energies 15 (4): 1564. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15041564
• Sun, Changgeng, and Shaokun Tang. 2021. “Hypergolic Ionic Mixtures with Task-Specific Ions: A New Strategy to Improve Performances of Ionic Liquids as Propellant Fuels.” Combustion and Flame 228: 107–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.01.041
• Sun, Xingliang, Hui Tian, Yuelong Li, Nanjia Yu, and Guobiao Cai. 2016b. “Regression Rate Behaviors of HTPB-Based Propellant Combinations for Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 119: 137–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2015.11.015
• Sun, Xingliang, Hui Tian, Nanjia Yu, and Guobiao Cai. 2015b. “Regression Rate and Combustion Performance Investigation of Aluminum Metallized HTPB/98HP Hybrid Rocket Motor with Numerical Simulation.” Aerospace Science and Technology 42: 287–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.01.014
• Sun, Xiaoqing, Bintang Yang, Long Zhao, and Xiaofen Sun. 2016a. “Optimal Design and Experimental Analyses of a New Micro-Vibration Control Payload-Platform.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 374: 43–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2016.04.007
• Sun, Lin, Chengbo Yu, Yu Zhao, Futing Bao, Yang Liu, and Weihua Hui. 2020. “Dynamic Identification of Nozzle Throat Diameter of a Solid Rocket Motor and Experimental Validation Based on Micron-CT 3D Reconstruction.” In 2020 11th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae50897.2020.9178858
• Sun, Xin, and Rui Zhong. 2019. “Nutation Damping and Spin Orientation Control of Tethered Space Debris.” Acta Astronautica 160: 683–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.03.019
• Sung, Bu-Kyeng, and Jeong-Yeol Choi. 2026. “Rotating Detonation as a Limit Cycle State of Rocket Tangential Combustion Instability.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 42: 106192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2026.106192
• Sung, Bu-Kyeng, Jiro Kasahara, and Jeong-Yeol Choi. 2025. “Numerical Investigation on the Detonative Tangential Combustion Instability in a Rocket Combustor.” Combustion and Flame 275: 114092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2025.114092
• Sung, K. S., and C. Park. 1960. “Two Analytical Results of Fin-Stabilized Rocket Trajectory under Quadratic Drag Law.” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences 27 (5): 388–388. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.8549
• Suñol, F., O. Maldonado, R. Pino, and R. González-Cinca. 2008. “Design of an Experiment for the Study of Bubble Jet Interactions in Microgravity.” Microgravity Science and Technology 21 (1–2): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-008-9082-8
• Sutton, Eric K., R. Steven Nerem, and Jeffrey M. Forbes. 2007. “Density and Winds in the Thermosphere Deduced from Accelerometer Data.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 44 (6): 1210–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.28641
• Szklarski, Adrian, and Robert Głębocki. 2025. “Analytical Shaping of a Rocket Nose as a Stage of Preliminary Aerodynamic Modification.” Aerospace 12 (7): 594. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070594
• Szyc, W., Z. Laszczyk, and K. Magnucki. 2006. “Elastic Buckling of an Axially Compressed Sandwich Cylindrical Panel with Three Edges Simply Supported and One Edge Free.” Thin-Walled Structures 44 (8): 910–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2006.07.004
• “T. V. Kazachevskaya and G. S. Ivanov-Kholodny: Interpretation of the Data of Rocket Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere by Thermoluminescent Phosphor (Pp. 81–84).” 1963. Planetary and Space Science 11 (9): 1122. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(63)90055-2
• Tai, Shang, Lixin Wang, Yanling Wang, Chen Bu, and Ting Yue. 2023. “Flight Dynamics Modeling and Aerodynamic Parameter Identification of Four-Degree-of-Freedom Virtual Flight Test.” AIAA Journal 61 (6): 2652–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j062188
• Takahashi, Hisao, B. R. Clemesha, D. M. Simonich, et al. 1996. “Rocket Measurements of the Equatorial Airglow: MULTIFOT 92 Database.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58 (16): 1943–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(95)00158-1
• Talpallikar, Milind V., and H. F. Nelson. 1990. “Modeling Supersonic Missile Fin-Body Interference for Preliminary Design.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 27 (6): 571–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26183
• Tang, Jianhua, and Linfang Qian. 2015a. “Numerical Formulation of Parachute Payload Decelerator System and Its Animation with Moving Background.” In 2015 International Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualization (ICVRV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icvrv.2015.58
• Tang, Jianhua, and Linfang Qian. 2015b. “Numerical Study of the Reefing Control of Parachute Inflation Shock.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279619
• Tang, Jianhua, and Linfang Qian. 2016. “Numerical Study of Forebody Wake Effect on Axisymmetric Parachute Opening Shock and Drag Reduction.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling of Dynamical Systems 22 (2): 141–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/13873954.2016.1149492
• Tang, Jie, Kun Zhao, Yinghui Li, and Dengqing Cao. 2024. “Vibration Suppression of Optical Payload Based on Parallel Manipulator.” Journal of Vibration Engineering & Technologies 12 (7): 7595–7609. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42417-024-01314-2
• Tangermann, Eike, Niels Wegh, Markus Klein, Stefan Weiland, and Thomas Link. 2021. “Simulation of Ariane 5 Solid Rocket Booster Deformation by Internal Ballistics.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 37 (1): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b37860
• Tannehill, J. C., and E. W. Anderson. 1971. “Intermediate Altitude Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 8 (10): 1052–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.30346
• Tanrikulu, Omer, and Gokmen Mahmutyazicioglu. 1998. “Magnus Effects on Stability of Wraparound-Finned Missiles.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 35 (4): 467–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3377
• Tanrikulu, Omer, Cenk Onen, and Taner Gokhan. 2000. “Nonlinear Yaw-Pitch-Roll Coupling of Unguided Missiles with Wraparound Fins.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 37 (6): 731–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3644
• Taubenheim, J. 1960. “Incoherency of Pulse Echoes and the Measurement of Ionospheric Absorption.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 18 (2–3): 147–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(60)90086-6
• Taylor, F. W., J. T. Houghton, G. D. Peskett, C. D. Rodgers, and E. J. Williamson. 1972. “Radiometer for Remote Sounding of the Upper Atmosphere.” Applied Optics 11. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720033026
• Telikicherla, Anant, Thomas N. Woods, Dave Crotser, et al. 2026. “SEUSHI: Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph and High-Energy Imager: Design, Development, and Preflight Calibration.” Astrophysical Journal 1005 (1): 18. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ae74ce
• Terashima, Hiroshi, Masashi Ono, Yu Daimon, and Mitsuo Koshi. 2026. “Numerical Investigation of Combustion Mode Transition and Classification in Hypergolic Propellant Impinging Jets.” Combustion Science and Technology: 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2026.2676797
• Teshnizi, Masoud Mirzaei, and Abolfazl Shirazi. 2015. “Attitude Estimation and Sensor Identification Utilizing Nonlinear Filters Based on a Low-Cost MEMS Magnetometer and Sun Sensor.” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 30 (12): 20–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.2015.150069
• Teske, Richard G. 1971. “Soft Solar X-Rays and Solar Activity: III: Loop Prominences with Soft X-Ray Emission.” Solar Physics 17 (1): 76–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00152862
• Teuber, D. L. 1976. “A Spectral Identification Technique for Adaptive Attitude Control and Pointing of the Space Telescope.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 9 (1): 456–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)67142-8
• Tezduyar, Tayfun E. 2007. “Comments on ‘Parallel Implementation of Structural Dynamic Analysis for Parachute Simulation’.” AIAA Journal 45 (9): 2364–2364. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.28281
• Tharun, A., Karthikesh Haridoss, G. Sangeetha, V. Sujishri, and G. Madhan Kumar. 2025. “Evaluating Return to Launch Site (RTLS) Technology in Rocket Launch Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 3 (1): 19–63. https://doi.org/10.34218/ijase_03_01_002
• Thatcher, A. G. 1950. “The Turborocket-Propellant Feed System.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (82): 126–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4330
• Thibaudeau, Ryan J., and Stephen A. Whitmore. 2026. “Nozzle Erosion Reconstruction Model for Data Analysis in Rocket Engines and Correlation with Chamber Pressure.” Aerospace 13 (7): 575. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13070575
• Thiele, T., A. Gülhan, and H. Olivier. 2018. “Instrumentation and Aerothermal Postflight Analysis of the Rocket Technology Flight Experiment ROTEX-T.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 55 (5): 1050–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34129
• Thiemann, Edward, Jerald Harder, Thomas Woods, et al. 2023. “Solar Irradiance Spectra from the Compact SOLSTICE (CSOL) Experiment: Instrument Design, FUV Calibration, Measurements, and Comparison of the 2018 Rocket Flight.” Solar Physics 298 (2): 17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11207-023-02107-8
• Thomas, G. E. 1996. “Global Change in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Region: Has It Already Arrived?” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 58 (14): 1629–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(96)00008-6
• Thomas, L. C., and J. O. Cappellari. 1964. “Attitude Determination and Prediction of Spin-Stabilized Satellites.” Bell System Technical Journal 43 (4): 1657–1726. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1964.tb04104.x
• Thomas, Roger J., and Richard G. Teske. 1971. “Solar Soft X-Rays and Solar Activity: II. Soft X-Ray Emission during Solar Flares.” Solar Physics 16 (2): 431–53. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00162486
• Thompson, W. T., W. M. Neupert, S. D. Jordan, H. Jones, R. J. Thomas, and B. Schmieder. 1993. “Correlation of He II Lyman Alpha with He I 10830 ?, and with Chromospheric and EUV Coronal Emission.” Solar Physics 147 (1): 29–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00675485
• Thomson, J. A. L. 1961. “Radiative Transfer in Rocket Exhaust Gases.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 8 (1): 69–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(06)80488-1
• Thongsri, Jatuporn, Kamonwan Srathonghuam, and Adulyasak Boonpan. 2022. “Gas Flow and Ablation of 122 Mm Supersonic Rocket Nozzle Investigated by Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis.” Processes 10 (9): 1823. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10091823
• Thrane, E. V., and A. Johannessen. 1975. “A Measurement of the Extinction of Solar Hydrogen Lyman-α Radiation in the Summer Arctic Mesosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 37 (4): 655–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(75)90060-4
• Thurairajah, Brentha, Chihoko Y. Cullens, and Scott M. Bailey. 2021. “Characteristics of a Mesospheric Front Observed in Polar Mesospheric Cloud Fields.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 218: 105627. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105627
• Tian, Hui, Yu Duan, and Hao Zhu. 2020. “Three-Dimensional Numerical Analysis on Combustion Performance and Flow of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Multi-Segmented Grain.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 33 (4): 1181–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.12.021
• Tian, Hui, Yuelong Li, Chengen Li, and Xingliang Sun. 2017. “Regression Rate Characteristics of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Helical Grain.” Aerospace Science and Technology 68: 90–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.05.006
• Tian, Hui, Yijie Li, and Peng Zeng. 2014b. “Transient Simulation of Regression Rate on Thrust Regulation Process in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 27 (6): 1343–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.08.016
• Tian, Hui, Xiangyu Meng, Hao Zhu, et al. 2022. “Dynamic Characteristics Study of Regression Rate in Variable Thrust Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 193: 221–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.01.006
• Tian, Hui, Xingliang Sun, Yudong Guo, and Pengfei Wang. 2015. “Combustion Characteristics of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Segmented Grain.” Aerospace Science and Technology 46: 537–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.08.009
• Ticona, Franklin, Gabriel Rojas, Karen Vidaurre, et al. 2022. “Attitude Determination and Control System for Nadir Pointing and Detumbling Using Magnetorquer for 1U Bolivian Cubesat.” In 2022 International Conference on Control, Robotics and Informatics (ICCRI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccri55461.2022.00015
• Timothy, J. G. 1973. “Use of Open-Structure Channel Electron Multipliers in Sounding Rocket Experiments.” Review of Scientific Instruments 44. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730037303
• Titheridge, J. E. 1962. “The Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 24 (4): 269–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(62)90097-1
• Tkacik, P. T., R. G. Keanini, N. Srivastava, and M. P. Tkacik. 2010. “Color Schlieren Imaging of High-Pressure Overexpanded Planar Nozzle Flow Using a Simple, Low-Cost Test Apparatus.” Journal of Visualization 14 (1): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12650-010-0056-8
• Tobak, Murray, and Lewis B. Schiff. 1975. “Generalized Formulation of Nonlinear Pitch-Yaw-Roll Coupling: Part 11-Nonlinear Coning-Rate Dependence.” AIAA Journal 13 (3): 327–32. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.49699
• Tobak, Murray, Lewis B. Schiff, and Victor L. Peterson. 1969. “Aerodynamics of Bodies of Revolution in Coning Motion.” AIAA Journal 7 (1): 95–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5040
• Tobiska, W. Kent. 2002. “Variability in the Solar Constant from Irradiances Shortward of Lyman-Alpha.” Advances in Space Research 29 (12): 1969–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(02)00243-0
• Tola, Ceyhun, and Melike Nikbay. 2015. “Investigation of the Effect of Thickness, Taper Ratio and Aspect Ratio on Fin Flutter Velocity of a Model Rocket Using Response Surface Method.” In 2015 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast.2015.7208310
• Tomlin, D. D. 1983. “Control Techniques to Improve Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Separation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 6. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830048946
• Tong, Xiaohua, Haibo Shi, Xianglei Liu, et al. 2025. “Precise Pose Measurement during Reusable Rocket Launch and Landing Using High-Speed Videogrammetry under Uncontrolled Outdoor Lighting Conditions.” Measurement 247: 116786. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.116786
• Toor, A., and F. D. Seward. 1974. “The Crab Nebula as a Calibration Source for X-Ray Astronomy.” Astronomical Journal 79: 995. https://doi.org/10.1086/111643
• Torkar, K. M., D. Beran, M. Friedrich, and Shyam Lal. 1985. “Measurement of Nitric Oxide and Related Parameters in the Equatorial Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Planetary and Space Science 33 (10): 1169–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(85)90074-1
• Torres, Jorge, and William C. Barott. 2015. “Rocket Plume Electron Density Measurements through Microwave Transmissions.” In SoutheastCon 2015. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/secon.2015.7132886
• Tou, P., R. Russell, and J. Ohara. 1978. “Measurement of the Turbulence in a Gaseous Rocket Combustion Chamber.” Combustion and Flame 31: 127–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(78)90123-2
• Toufique Hasan, A. B. M. 2014. “Characteristics of Overexpanded Nozzle Flows in Imposed Oscillating Condition.” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow 46: 70–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatfluidflow.2014.01.001
• Tousey, R., and I. Limansky. 1972. “Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Images Televised in-Flight with a Rocket-Borne SEC Vidicon System.” Applied Optics 11. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720044264
• Tousey, R. R., J. D. Purcell, D. M. Packer, and W. R. Hunter. 1959. “A New Solar Spectrum in the Extreme Ultraviolet.” Astronomical Journal 64: 133. https://doi.org/10.1086/107905
• Tousey, Richard, C. V. Strain, F. S. Johnson, and J. J. Oberly. 1947. “The Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum from a V-2 Rocket.” Astronomical Journal 52: 158. https://doi.org/10.1086/106028
• Townsend, John S., Jeff Peck, and Samuel Ayala. 2000. “Probabilistic Structural Analysis of Solid Rocket Booster Aft Skirt External Fitting Modification.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 37 (3): 350–58. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3585
• Trakhtengerts, V. Yu., and A. G. Demekhov. 1995. “Nonequilibrium Electron Density Fluctuations and Wave Scattering in the Mesosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 57 (10): 1153–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(94)00132-8
• Trent, C. H., and M. J. Zucrow. 1951. “The Hypergolic Reaction of Dicyclopentadiene with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (5): 129–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4377
• Trushlyakov, V. I. 2014. “The Design Procedure of the Aerodynamic Maneuver for the Fall Location Changing of the Carrier Rocket Stage.” In 2014 Dynamics of Systems, Mechanisms and Machines (Dynamics). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dynamics.2014.7005700
• Tsagouri, Ioanna. 2022. “Space Weather Effects on the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere: Short Report on Ionospheric Storm Effects at Middle Latitudes.” Atmosphere 13 (2): 346. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos13020346
• Tseng, I. Shih, and Vigor Yang. 1994. “Combustion of a Double-Base Homogeneous Propellant in a Rocket Motor.” Combustion and Flame 96 (4): 325–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(94)90102-3
• Tsien, H. S. 1952. “Servo-Stabilization of Combustion in Rocket Motors.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (5): 256–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4488
• Tsien, H. S., T. C. Adamson, and E. L. Knuth. 1952. “Automatic Navigation of a Long Range Rocket Vehicle.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 22 (4): 192–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4467
• Tsien, H. S., and Robert C. Evans. 1951. “Optimum Thrust Programming for a Sounding Rocket.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 21 (5): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4372
• Tuna, Hakan, Orhan Ankan, and Feza Ankan. 2014. “3D Electron Density Estimation in the Ionosphere.” In 2014 22nd Signal Processing and Communications Applications Conference (SIU). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/siu.2014.6830282
• Turansky, C. J., and R. D. Rinehart. 1949. “Creation of High-Pressure Gas Source for Rocket-Motor-Propellant Supply Systems.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (78): 99–103. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4288
• Turiel, Isaac, and G. Allen MacGregor. 1970. “Observation of Solar X-Rays with a Solid-State Detector.” Astrophysical Journal 162: 287. https://doi.org/10.1086/150653
• Türler, Marc, Vincent Tatischeff, Volker Beckmann, and Eugene Churazov. 2021. “INTEGRAL Serendipitous Observations of Solar and Terrestrial X-Rays and Gamma Rays.” New Astronomy Reviews 93: 101616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.newar.2021.101616
• Tvergaard, Viggo. 1983. “Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells.” Thin-Walled Structures 1 (2): 139–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0263-8231(83)90018-6
• Twardy, H. 1975. “On a Variable-Thrust Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 2 (7–8): 627–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(75)90006-5
• Twiss, Peter M. 1965. “Re-Entry of Space Vehicle Fragments.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 2 (5): 660–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28259
• Tyc, G., and R. P. S. Han. 1995. “Attitude Dynamics Investigation of the OEDIPUS-A Tethered Rocket Payload.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 32 (1): 133–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26585
• Ulas, Abdullah, and Kenneth K. Kuo. 1997. “Effect of Aging on Ignition Delay Times of a Composite Solid Propellant under CO2Laser Heating.” Combustion Science and Technology 127 (1–6): 319–31. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102209708935699
• Umeoka, Ryoya, Yuuki Mishina, and Takeshi Kanda. 2021. “Single Pulse Combustion Test of High-Frequency Instability of Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 178: 110–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.08.024
• Ungstrup, Eigil. 1971. “Rocket Observation of VLF Hiss in Aurora.” Planetary and Space Science 19 (11): 1475–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(71)90008-0
• Urbano, A., L. Selle, G. Staffelbach, et al. 2016. “Exploration of Combustion Instability Triggering Using Large Eddy Simulation of a Multiple Injector Liquid Rocket Engine.” Combustion and Flame 169: 129–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.03.020
• Uryadov, V. P., O. M. Maksimenko, and X. M. Boguta. n.d. “Doppler HF Radar Measurements of Backscattered Signals Induced by Small-Scale Field-Aligned Irregularities of Subpolar f-Region Ionosphere.” In Trans Black Sea Region Symposium on Applied Electromagnetism. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aem.1996.873169
• Uskov, V. N., and M. V. Chernyshov. 2006. “Differential Characteristics of the Flow Field in a Plane Overexpanded Jet in the Vicinity of the Nozzle Lip.” Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 47 (3): 366–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10808-006-0064-6
• V. Oskay; W.H. Mermagen; J.W. Bradley. 1981. “Instrumented Drop Tests of a Slowly Rolling Parachute Payload.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 4 (3): 267–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56077
• Vaganov, M. A., and V. I. Kazakov. 2019. “The Multichannel Optical Spectrometer for Diagnostics of the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 2019 Wave Electronics and its Application in Information and Telecommunication Systems (WECONF). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/weconf.2019.8840114
• Vahia, M. N. 1986. “Solar Flare Plasma Conditions Inferred from Solar Cosmic Rays.” Advances in Space Research 6 (6): 195–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(86)90144-4
• Vandersteen, Jeroen, Samir Bennani, and Christophe Roux. 2018. “Robust Rocket Navigation with Sensor Uncertainties: Vega Launcher Application.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 55 (1): 153–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a33884
• Varma, S., S. E. Prasad, A. Ahmad, and T. A. Wheat. 2001. “Effect of Microgravity on Crystallization in Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses Processed on the CSAR-I Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Materials Science 36 (8): 2027–35. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1017535016762
• Varma, S., S. E. Prasad, A. Ahmad, and T. A. Wheat. 2002. “Effect of Microgravity on Optical Degradation in Heavy Metal Fluoride Glasses Processed on the CSAR-II Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Materials Science 37 (12): 2591–96. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015424614624
• Vasilo’chenko, A. G., and A. T. Ponomarev. 1985. “Dynamics of a Parachute Panel on Opening.” Mechanics of Composite Materials 21 (3): 316–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00611617
• Vassy, A., and E. Vassy. 1959. “Relative Intensities of Na Lines in the Emission of Sodium Ejected from Rockets.” Planetary and Space Science 2 (1): 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-0633(59)90061-3
• Ventrice, M. B., J. C. Fang, and K. R. Purdy. 1979a. “Simulation of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Combustion InsEabilities.” AIAA Journal 17 (12): 1372–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61316
• Verma, S. B. 2002. “Study of Flow Separation in Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 18 (5): 1112–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6042
• Verma, Shashi B., and O. Haidn. 2009. “Surface Flow Studies of Restricted Shock Separation in a Thrust Optimized Parabolic Nozzle.” Shock Waves 19 (5): 371–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0211-0
• Verma, S. B., and Oskar Haidn. 2020. “Unsteady Side-Load Evolution in a Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzle.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 57 (2): 391–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a34556
• Verma, Shashi Bhushan, Ralf Stark, and Oskar Haidn. 2006. “Relation between Shock Unsteadiness and the Origin of Side-Loads inside a Thrust Optimized Parabolic Rocket Nozzle.” Aerospace Science and Technology 10 (6): 474–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2006.06.004
• Vidal-Madjar, A. 1975. “Evolution of the Solar Lyman Alpha Flux during Four Consecutive Years.” Solar Physics 40 (1). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00183153
• Vietoris, Thomas, Janet L. Ellzey, Pierre Joulain, Shivani N. Mehta, and José L. Torero. 2000. “Laminar Diffusion Flame in Microgravity: The Results of the Minitexus 6 Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 28 (2): 2883–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(00)80712-2
• Vignesh, Bala, and Rajiv Kumar. 2020. “Effect of Multi-Location Swirl Injection on the Performance of Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 176: 111–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.06.029
• Villanueva, Fredy M. 2018. “Sounding Rocket Development Program for Peru.” In 2018 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2018.8396555
• Vincent, R. A. 1987. “Planetary and Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 7 (10): 163–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90089-5
• Vincent, R. A. 1990. “Planetary and Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 10 (12): 93–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(90)90388-g
• Vincent, Robert A. 2015. “The Dynamics of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere: A Brief Review.” Progress in Earth and Planetary Science 2 (1): 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40645-015-0035-8
• Vishnu, S. B., and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. 2019. “Effect of Micro- and Elevated Gravity Condition on the Evolution of Stratification and Self-Pressurization in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” Sādhanā 44 (3): 63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-018-1034-4
• von Cossart, G., K. Sprenger, and S. V. Pakhomov. 1986. “Indirect Phase Height Measurements of the Lower Ionosphere Compared with Rocket Measurements of D-Region Electron Density.” Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics 48 (4): 355–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9169(86)90003-6
• von Eckroth, Wulf, Leah Struchen, Thomas Trovillion, Rafael Perez, Shaun Nerolich, and Chris Parlier. 2014. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Plume Pressure and Heat Rate Measurements.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 51 (1): 281–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a32526
• Vonderwell, D. J., I. F. Murray, and S. D. Heister. 1995. “Optimization of Hybrid-Rocket-Booster Fuel-Grain Design.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 32 (6): 964–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26716
• Wagner, H. N. R., C. Hühne, K. Rohwer, S. Niemann, and M. Wiedemann. 2017b. “Stimulating the Realistic Worst Case Buckling Scenario of Axially Compressed Unstiffened Cylindrical Composite Shells.” Composite Structures 160: 1095–1104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruct.2016.10.108
• Wallace, Donald A. 1980. “Miniature Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Contamination Measurement.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 17 (2): 153–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57721
• Wan, LiChu, Jinsheng Xu, Zongtao Guo, Shuwen Wang, Xinyu Cao, and Xuyang Wang. 2025. “Analysis on Pressure Sensitivity of Solid Rocket Motor with High Loading Ratio during Pressure Curing Process.” In 2025 International Conference of Mechanical Engineering on Aerospace (CoMEA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/comea66280.2025.11241284
• Wang, Ten-See. 2006. “Multidimensional Unstructured-Grid Liquid Rocket-Engine Nozzle Performance and Heat Transfer Analysis.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 22 (1): 78–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14699
• Wang, Ten-See. 2009. “Transient Three-Dimensional Startup Side Load Analysis of a Regeneratively Cooled Nozzle.” Shock Waves 19 (3): 251–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-009-0201-2
• Wang, Haitao. 2018. “Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Whipping Phenomenon for Large Parachute.” AIAA Journal 56 (10): 4049–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j057118
• Wang, Ten-See, and Mike Guidos. 2009. “Transient Three-Dimensional Side-Load Analysis of a Film-Cooled Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 25 (6): 1272–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.41025
• Wang, Yin, Song-qi Hu, Xue-li Liu, and Lin-lin Liu. 2022d. “Regression Rate Modeling of HTPB/paraffin Fuels in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 121: 107324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.107324
• Wang, Chao, Cai Li, Zheng Duan, Zi-Fan Wang, Qian-You Wang, and Shuang-Quan Zang. 2024b. “Engineering High-Performance Hypergolic Propellant by Synergistic Contribution of Metal–Organic Framework Shell and Aluminum Core.” Small 20 (26): 2310970. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.202310970
• Wang, Fude, Wenhao Li, Zhihu Kou, and Teng Li. 2022c. “Innovative Design and Simulation Analysis of Rocket and Combined Air Launch Platform.” In 2022 3rd International Conference on Intelligent Design (ICID). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icid57362.2022.9969694
• Wang, Lei, Yanzhong Li, Cui Li, and Zhixiang Zhao. 2013a. “CFD Investigation of Thermal and Pressurization Performance in LH2 Tank during Discharge.” Cryogenics 57: 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2013.05.005
• Wang, Lei, Yanzhong Li, Zhixiang Zhao, and Zhan Liu. 2013d. “Transient Thermal and Pressurization Performance of LO2 Tank during Helium Pressurization Combined with outside Aerodynamic Heating.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 62: 263–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2013.03.021
• Wang, Yong, Yuzhen Lin, Qitai Eri, and Bo Kong. 2022b. “Flow and Thrust Characteristics of an Expansion–deflection Dual-Bell Nozzle.” Aerospace Science and Technology 123: 107464. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107464
• Wang, Ten-See, Jeff Lin, and Mike Guidos. 2013c. “Transient Side-Load Analysis of out-of-Round Film-Cooled Nozzle Extensions.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 29 (4): 855–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b34812
• Wang, Ruoyan, Xin Lin, Zezhong Wang, et al. 2024a. “Effect of Characteristic Structure of Nested Composite Hybrid Rocket Fuel Grain on Combustion Properties.” Acta Astronautica 218: 269–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2024.02.033
• Wang, Ten-see, and Van Luong. 1994. “Hot-Gas-Slide and Coolant-Side Heat Transfer in Liquid Rocket Engine Combustors.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 8 (3). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970011069
• Wang, Bin, Xujin Qin, Wenbin Jiang, Peng Li, Peijie Sun, and Yonghua Huang. 2019c. “Numerical Simulation on Interface Evolution and Pressurization Behaviors in Cryogenic Propellant Tank on Orbit.” Microgravity Science and Technology 32 (1): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12217-019-09734-6
• Wang, Jiao, Hao Sun, Haichuan Jin, Hui Gao, and Dongsheng Wen. 2025b. “Heat Transfer Performance of Hydrocarbon Fuels inside Regenerative Cooling Channel Using Simple-Cubic Trusses.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 251: 127389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.127389
• Wang, S. Q., and S. T. Thynell. 2012. “An Experimental Study on the Hypergolic Interaction between Monomethylhydrazine and Nitric Acid.” Combustion and Flame 159 (1): 438–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2011.07.009
• Wang, Zhongshuo, and Hui Tian. 2021. “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Investigation on Regression Rate of GOX /HTPB Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 2021 12th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae52228.2021.9522500
• Wang, Zhi, Binshen Wang, Yang Guo, et al. 2021b. “From Heart Drug to Propellant Fuels: Designing Nitroglycerin-Ionic Liquid Composite as Green High-Energy Hypergolic Fluids.” Combustion and Flame 233: 111597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2021.111597
• Wang, Zhihong, Chunguang Wang, and Weiping Tian. 2022e. “Study on Separation Characteristics of Nozzles with Large Expansion Ratio of Solid Rocket Motors.” Aerospace 10 (1): 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010004
• Wang, Fuke, Jiongqi Wang, Juhui Wei, Pengyi Wang, and Zhangming He. 2025d. “Online Rocket Telemetry Anomaly Detection Based on Integrated LSTM Model.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 2648–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.559
• Wang, Kangcai, Zhi Wang, Xia Zhao, et al. 2022f. “Unearthing Hidden Hypergolic Potential of Energetic Complexes with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Combustion and Flame 244: 112235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2022.112235
• Wang, Guijun, Yanqing Wu, Xiao Hou, Xianglong Tan, and Fenglei Huang. 2025a. “Effect of Solid Propellant Failure at Intermediate Strain Rate on Structural Integrity of Solid Rocket Motor Grain.” Journal of Energetic Materials: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2025.2472649
• Wang, Lei, Shixuan Ye, Yuan Ma, Jiaojiao Wang, and Yanzhong Li. 2017. “CFD Investigation on Helium Pressurization Behaviors in Liquid Hydrogen Tank.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42 (52): 30792–30803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.10.145
• Wang, Yu, Jiyan Yu, Xiaoming Wang, and Jia Fangxiu. 2024c. “A Guidance and Control Design with Reduced Information for a Dual-Spin Stabilized Projectile.” Defence Technology 33: 494–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2023.07.007
• Wang, Zekang, and Xiaobing Zhang. 2022. “Parametric Research on Drag Reduction and Thermal Protection of Blunt-Body with Opposing Jets of Forward Convergent Nozzle in Supersonic Flows.” Acta Astronautica 190: 218–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2021.10.021
• Waqas, Hassan, Taseer Muhammad, Sobia Noreen, Umar Farooq, and Metib Alghamdi. 2021. “Cattaneo-Christov Heat Flux and Entropy Generation on Hybrid Nanofluid Flow in a Nozzle of Rocket Engine with Melting Heat Transfer.” Case Studies in Thermal Engineering 28: 101504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2021.101504
• Ward, James C. 1971. “Low-Cost Molded Plastic Sounding Rocket Motors.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 8 (10): 1083–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59770
• Warner, James E., Geoffrey F. Bomarito, Gianluca Geraci, and Michael S. Eldred. 2026. “Automated Model Tuning for Multifidelity Uncertainty Propagation in Trajectory Simulation.” AIAA Journal 64 (8): 4701–18. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j066279
• Waters, J. W. 1989. “Microwave Limb-Sounding of Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” Atmospheric Research 23 (3–4): 391–410. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-8095(89)90028-8
• Watson, G. H., and A. L. Lee. 1977. “Thermal Radiation Model for Solid Rocket Booster Plumes.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 14 (11): 641–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.27989
• Wayman, D. H., and R. L. Potter. 1957. “Detonations in Gaseous Fuming Nitric Acid-Hydrocarbon Mixtures.” Combustion and Flame 1 (3): 321–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/0010-2180(57)90018-4
• Webster, L. F. 1968. “Experience with Space Simulation in the Development of Space Rocket Propulsion Systems.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 5 (3): 293–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29241
• Weeks, L. H. 1967. “Lyman-Alpha Emission from the Sun near Solar Minimum.” Astrophysical Journal 147: 1203. https://doi.org/10.1086/149117
• Weeks, George E., and Thomas L. Cost. 1980. “Coupled-Interaction Launch Behavior of a Flexible Rocket and Flexible Launcher.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 17 (5): 432–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.28037
• Wei, Ran, Futing Bao, Yang Liu, and Weihua Hui. 2019b. “Precise Design of Solid Rocket Motor Heat Insulation Layer Thickness under Nonuniform Dynamic Burning Rate.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5789430
• Wei, Tianfang, Guobiao Cai, Hui Tian, and Xianzhu Jiang. 2023a. “Experiment and Numerical Research on Regression Rate of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Single-Port Wagon Wheel Fuel Grain.” Acta Astronautica 207: 265–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.03.021
• Wei, Tianfang, Guobiao Cai, Hui Tian, Yuanjun Zhang, Chengen Li, and Xiangyu Meng. 2023b. “Experimental Research on Reconstruction Techniques for Instantaneous Regression Rate of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Single-Port Wagon Wheel Fuel Grain.” Aerospace 10 (5): 440. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10050440
• Wei, S. S., M. C. Lee, Y. H. Chien, T. H. Chou, and J. S. Wu. 2019a. “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Nozzle Throat Diameter on the Performance of a Hybrid Rocket Motor with Swirling Injection of High-Concentration Hydrogen Peroxide.” Acta Astronautica 164: 334–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2019.07.020
• Weiser, H., and H. W. Moos. 1978. “A Rocket Observation of the Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Saturn.” Astrophysical Journal 222: 365. https://doi.org/10.1086/156149
• Weisskopf, M. C., R. Berthelsdorf, G. Epstein, et al. 1972. “A Graphite Crystal Polarimeter for Stellar X-Ray Astronomy.” Review of Scientific Instruments 43. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720050971
• Wenjing, Yang, Wu Xueting, Sheng Qingyun, Wang Huangpeng, Ba Yan, and Liu Peijin. 2025. “Numerical Study of Particle Spatial Behavior near the Burning Surface in Solid Rocket Motor under Lateral Accelerations.” Powder Technology 457: 120839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2025.120839
• Wensley, J. H., and D. D. Uhrich. n.d. “Reliability and Cost Considerations for Launch Vehicle Avionics.” In 9th IEEE/AIAA/NASA Conference on Digital Avionics Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.1990.111273
• Wenyuan, Zhou, Xu Bo, Li Sen, Rao Sihang, Xu Hui, and Xu Xu. 2025. “Research on Flow and Heat Transfer of Regenerative Cooling in Thrust Chamber of Space Orbit Control Engine.” In 2025 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering (MEAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/meae68077.2025.11557652
• Wercinski, Paul, Brandon Smith, Bryan Yount, et al. 2017. “ADEPT Sounding Rocket One (SR-1) Flight Experiment Overview.” In 2017 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2017.7943889
• Wertz, James R., and Lily C. Chen. 1976. “Geometrical Limitations on Attitude Determination for Spinning Spacecraft.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 13 (9): 564–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57120
• Wessling, Francis C., and George W. Maybee. 1989. “Consort 1 Sounding Rocket Flight.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 26. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900023963
• West, M. E., and C. McCullough. n.d. “An Optimal Recursive Filter for the Attitude Determination of the Spacelab Instrument Pointing Subsystem.” In Proceedings of the 28th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1989.70465
• Widing, K. G. 1982. “The Extreme-Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Solar Impulsive Burst.” Astrophysical Journal 258: 835. https://doi.org/10.1086/160130
• Widing, K. G., and D. C. Morton. 1960. “Theoretical Study of the Solar Lyman-Alpha Proffle.” Astronomical Journal 65: 58. https://doi.org/10.1086/108145
• Wilcox, B. 2006. “Low-Cost Propellant Launch to Earth Orbit from a Tethered Balloon.” In 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2006.1656000
• Wilde, Ned. 1957. “Time Interval Telemetering System.” IRE Transactions on Telemetry and Remote Control TRC-3 (1): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/irettrc.1957.6541535
• Wilde, Paul D. 2018. “Range Safety Requirements and Methods for Sounding Rocket Launches.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 5 (1): 14–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2018.01.002
• Wilke, R. O. 1964. “Comment on ‘Coning Effects Caused by Separation of Spin-Stabilized Stages’.” AIAA Journal 2 (7): 1358a-1358a. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55072
• Wilken, Jascha. 2024. “Cost Estimation for Launch Vehicle Families Considering Uncertain Market Scenarios.” Acta Astronautica 216: 15–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.12.035
• Williams, P. J. S., and J. N. McDonald. 1987. “The Role of Atomic Oxygen and Molecular Nitrogen in the Relationship between Electron Temperature and Electron Density in the Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 7 (6): 115–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(87)90284-5
• Williams, Austin, Jordi Puig-Suari, and Marco Villa. 2015. “Low-Cost, Low Mass Avionics System for a Dedicated Nano-Satellite Launch Vehicle.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119081
• Williamson, Marlin J., and Ronald W. Lyman. 1989. “Analysis of the T-97 Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Test Facility.” In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790568
• Williamson, F., and C. W. Maxson. 1975. “Thin Films for X-Ray Astronomy.” Review of Scientific Instruments 46. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750034999
• Wilson, Gerald G. 1970. “Nonlinear Ballistic Wind Compensation of Unguided Ballistic Rocket Systems.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 7 (1): 86–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.29871
• Wing, L. D. 1974. “Method for Calculating Aerodynamic Heating on Sounding Rocket Tangent Ogive Noses.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 11 (6): 357–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.62081
• Wiśniewska, Natalia, Andrzej Rafalski, and Maciej Marcin Michałek. 2023. “Roll-Motion Stabilizer Design for a Sounding Rocket Using the ADRC Methodology.” In 2023 27th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar58394.2023.10242451
• Wiśniewski, Rafal, and Jakob Stoustrup. 2001. “Periodic H 2 Synthesis for Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control with a Vector Magnetometer and Magnetorquers.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 34 (12): 119–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)34072-7
• Withbroe, G. L., J. L. Kohl, H. Weiser, G. Noci, and R. H. Munro. 1982. “Analysis of Coronal H I Lyman Alpha Measurements from a Rocket Flight on 1979 April 13.” Astrophysical Journal 254: 361. https://doi.org/10.1086/159740
• Witte, Arvel B., and Edward Y. Harper. 1963. “Experimental Investigation of Heat Transfer Rates in Rocket Thrust Chambers.” AIAA Journal 1 (2): 443–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1552
• Wolf, Dean. 1971. “Dynamic Stability of a Nonrigid Parachute and Payload System.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (8): 603–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59145
• Wolf, Dean. 1974. “A Simplified Dynamic Model of Parachute Inflation.” Journal of Aircraft 11 (1): 28–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60317
• Wolf, H., F. L. Gray, and B. A. Reese. 1956. “Heat Transfer and Friction Characteristics of Red and White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Journal of Jet Propulsion 26 (11): 979–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.7176
• Woodgate, B. E., T. Lowinger, and M. Schneider. 1973. “Conical Focusing Crystal Spectrometers for Cosmic X-Ray Astronomy.” Applied Optics 12. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740028179
• Woods, Thomas N., and Phillip C. Chamberlin. 2009. “Comparison of Solar Soft X-Ray Irradiance from Broadband Photometers to a High Spectral Resolution Rocket Observation.” Advances in Space Research 43 (3): 349–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2008.10.027
• Woods, T. N., P. D. Feldman, K. F. Dymond, and D. J. Sahnow. 1985. “Rocket Observation of the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Comet Halley.” Advances in Space Research 5 (12): 289–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(85)90099-7
• Wright, Ewan, Aaron Boley, and Michael Byers. 2024. “Improving Casualty Risk Estimates for Uncontrolled Rocket Body Reentries.” Journal of Space Safety Engineering 11 (1): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsse.2024.01.004
• Wright, J. L., and J. C. Ruscus. 1959. “A Super-Fast, Carrier Quieted Telemetry System for Missile Impact Instrumentation.” IRE Transactions on Space Electronics and Telemetry SET-5 (2): 76–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/iret-set.1959.5008660
• Wu, G. X., X. Y. Deng, Y. K. Wang, S. W. Xu, and W. Tian. 2013. “Wing Rock Induced by Forebody Asymmetric Vortex in Coning Motion and Its Control Method.” Procedia Engineering 67: 288–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.028
• Wu, Zhenlong, Zihan Li, Yiqing Li, and Ji Li. 2026b. “Optimization of Sounding Rocket Tailfin Aerodynamics: A Surrogate-Based Machine Learning Approach.” Aerospace Science and Technology 170: 111507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111507
• Wu, Qiu, and Quanbin Ren. 2024. “Tuning the Ballistic Performance of a Single-Burning-Rate Grain Solid Rocket Motor via New Discontinuous Embedded Metal Wires.” Aerospace 11 (4): 308. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040308
• Wu, Jin, and Shangqiu Shan. 2019. “Dot Product Equality Constrained Attitude Determination from Two Vector Observations: Theory and Astronautical Applications.” Aerospace 6 (9): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6090102
• Wu, Yingtao, Zhi Wang, Lihan Fei, et al. 2022. “An Experimental Study on the Hypergolic Process Enhanced by Pre-Ignition Heat Release: [AMIM][DCA]/furfuryl Alcohol Blends Reacting with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Fuel 326: 125103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.125103
• Wulf, Dallas, Megan E. Eckart, Massimiliano Galeazzi, et al. 2019. “A High Spectral Resolution Study of the Soft X-Ray Background with the X-Ray Quantum Calorimeter.” Astrophysical Journal 884 (2). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210013155
• Xavier, M., V. Narayanan, and R. Edwin Raj. 2024. “Flight Performance of Helium Bubbler Provided in LOX Tank Pressurisation System of Cryogenic Propulsion Stage.” Cryogenics 138: 103798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2024.103798
• Xia, Hanqing, Ningfei Wang, Junsen Yang, and Yi Wu. 2023. “Investigation of Dynamic Mixing Combustion Characteristics in Variable Thrust Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Combustion and Flame 250: 112637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2023.112637
• Xiao, Hong, Yang-Yang Shi, Zhe-Zhu Xu, Lae-Sung Kim, Dong-yang Li, and Sung-Ki Lyu. 2015. “Atomization Characteristics of Gelled Hypergolic Propellant Simulants.” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 16 (4): 743–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-015-0098-x
• Xiao, Q., H. M. Tsai, and D. Papamoschou. 2007a. “Numerical Investigation of Supersonic Nozzle Flow Separation.” AIAA Journal 45 (3): 532–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.20073
• Xiao, Guolong, Jiabing Wang, and Kun Yang. 2026. “Heat Transfer Enhancement of Supercritical n-Decane in Regenerative Cooling Channel with Embedded Wavy Plate.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 256: 128151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.128151
• Xing, Xiaojun, Fenghao Li, Xiaoran Chen, Yilin Xun, Yiming Guo, and Qi Wei. 2020. “Research on the Inflation Process of the Drag Parachute in the Landing of First-Stage Booster and Its Key Parameters.” In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9163957
• Xing, Qin, Jun Zhang, Min Qian, Zhen-yuan Jia, and Bao-yuan Sun. 2010. “Thrust Stand for Low-Thrust Liquid Pulsed Rocket Engines.” Review of Scientific Instruments 81 (9): 095102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3481788
• Xing, Qin, Jun Zhang, Min Qian, Zhenyuan Jia, and Baoyuan Sun. 2011. “Design, Calibration and Error Analysis of a Piezoelectric Thrust Dynamometer for Small Thrust Liquid Pulsed Rocket Engines.” Measurement 44 (2): 338–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2010.10.008
• Xiong, Juntao, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2020a. “Combustion Dynamics Simulation of a 30-Injector Rocket Engine.” Combustion Science and Technology 194 (9): 1914–42. https://doi.org/10.1080/00102202.2020.1847097
• Xiong, Juntao, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2022. “Combustion Simulation of 82-Injector Rocket Engine.” AIAA Journal 60 (8): 4601–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j061255
• Xiong, Juntao, Hugh Morgan, Jeremy Krieg, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2020b. “Nonlinear Combustion Instability in a Multi-Injector Rocket Engine.” AIAA Journal 58 (1): 219–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j058036
• Xu, Ziyu, Yongsheng Deng, and Yifang Xie. 2024b. “Design of Rocket-Borne Data Transmission System for Sounding Rocket.” International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering 2024 (1): 3646911. https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/3646911
• Xu, Zhi, and Shuo Tang. 2010. “Air-Launched Rocket Attitude Control of Separation Stage Based on RCS.” In 2010 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Theory and Engineering(ICACTE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icacte.2010.5579561
• Xu, Guanyu, Bing Wang, Peijin Liu, and Yu Guan. 2025b. “Numerical Investigation of the Velocity-Coupled Response of Propellant Burning Rate in a Solid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 161: 110118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110118
• Xu, Shaotong, Changhui Wang, and Chengxiao Yang. 2022. “Optimal Design of Regenerative Cooling Structure Based on Backpropagation Neural Network.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 36 (3): 637–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t6447
• Xu, Chang, Manting Wei, and Yiding Zhao. 2020. “Influence of Random Disturbance on Hit Accuracy of Rocket Launcher.” In 2020 7th International Conference on Information Science and Control Engineering (ICISCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icisce50968.2020.00377
• Xu, Yanli, Baozeng Yue, Zhengmao Yang, Liangyu Zhao, and Shuxing Yang. 2019. “Study on the Chaotic Dynamics in Yaw–pitch–roll Coupling of Asymmetric Rolling Projectiles with Nonlinear Aerodynamics.” Nonlinear Dynamics 97 (4): 2739–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-019-05159-3
• Xue, Heng, Chunlan Jiang, and Zaicheng Wang. 2009a. “Design and Experimental Study on Spinning Solid Rocket Motor.” In Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05253-8_78
• Xue, Heng, Chunlan Jiang, and Zaicheng Wang. 2009b. “Internal Ballistic Calculation and Test Study on Spinning Solid Rocket Motor.” In 2009 Second International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicta.2009.443
• Yadav, Rajesh, and Ugur Guven. 2015. “Aerodynamic Heating of a Hypersonic Projectile with Forward-Facing Ellipsoid Cavity at Nose.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 52 (1): 157–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a32605
• Yakimenko, Oleg A., Ryan D. Tiaden, and Robert M. Berlind. 2008. “Payload Derived Position and Attitude Acquisition System for Parachute Recovery Systems.” In 2008 16th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2008.4601976
• Yam, Y., D. L. Mingori, and D. M. Halsmer. 1997. “Stability of a Spinning Axisymmetric Rocket with Dissipative Internal Mass Motion.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 20 (2): 306–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4038
• Yamada, Seishi. 1997. “Buckling Analysis for Design of Pressurized Cylindrical Shell Panels.” Engineering Structures 19 (5): 352–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0141-0296(96)00093-4
• Yamamoto, H., T. Makino, H. Sekiguchi, and I. Naito. 1994. “A near Infrared Airglow Radiometer with a LN2 Cooled GE Sensor for Rocket Experiments.” Advances in Space Research 14 (9): 189–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(94)90135-x
• Yaman, Hayri, Veli Çelik, and Ercan Değirmenci. 2014. “Experimental Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Propellants.” Fuel 115: 794–803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.05.033
• Yan, Q. W., W. Zhang, L. F. Wu, and F. X. Zhang. 2009. “Measurement of Rotation and Angular Vibration Frequencies of Spinning Projectile in Coning Motion by a Silicon Micromachined Gyro.” In 2009 International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2009.5205067
• Yan Jieyi, Hu Junda, and Zou Wenbin. 2010. “Design of Overload Data Acquisition System in Parachute Opening and Landing Process.” In 2010 International Conference on Networking and Digital Society. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnds.2010.5479393
• Yang, Sifeng, Feng Chen, and Zhouming Tan. 2009. “The Application of Data Mining Technique in Data Analyzing and Processing of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Test.” In 2009 Sixth International Conference on Fuzzy Systems and Knowledge Discovery. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fskd.2009.734
• Yang, Eric, Jibin Jeffrey Dhanaraj, Palalle G. Tharushi Perera, et al. 2025a. “Effects of Extreme Acceleration, Microgravity, and Deceleration on Bacillus Subtilis Onboard a Suborbital Space Flight.” npj Microgravity 11 (1): 65. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41526-025-00526-4
• Yang, Xubo, Yi Liu, Youzhi Lin, Chen Zhou, and Zhengyu Zhao. 2023d. “Simulation of Electron Density Disturbance in the Lower Ionosphere Caused by Thundercloud Electrostatic Fields.” Atmosphere 14 (3): 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030444
• Yang, Meng, Chang Liu, Chenglong Tang, and Zuohua Huang. 2025b. “Hypergolic Ignition Behaviors of 1-Ethyl-3-Methylimidazolium Dicyanamide/nitromethane Blends Reacting with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Proceedings of the Combustion Institute 41: 105973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proci.2025.105973
• Yang, C. Y., R. W. Nicholls, and F. J. Morgan. 1975. “Studies of the Prominence-Corona Transition Zone from Rocket Ultraviolet Spectra of the March 1970 Eclipse.” Solar Physics 45 (2): 351–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00158455
• Yang, Shuo, Yuyang Qin, and Jian Wu. 2026b. “Directional Flow Redistribution in Parallel Regenerative Cooling Channels Using Hybrid Rib Regulation.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 271: 129433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.129433
• Yang, Feng, Xueting Ran, Yu Zhang, Li Ping, Chaoqi Xu, and Bin Yang. 2026d. “Measurement of Particle Parameters of Condensed Phase Products in Solid Rocket Motor Plume under the Rarefied Atmospheric Environment.” Measurement 271: 120926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2026.120926
• Yang, Zhiwei, Liangming Wang, and Jianwei Chen. 2026a. “An Attitude Measurement Method for Spin-Stabilized Projectiles Using Dual High-Speed Cameras.” Aerospace 13 (5): 448. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13050448
• Yang, Baolu, Liangming Wang, and Jian Fu. 2024a. “Ballistic Fitting Impact Point Prediction Based on Improved Crayfish Optimization Algorithm.” Aerospace 11 (11): 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11110908
• Yang, J. W., and Y. F. Wu. 1982. “Measurements of Upper Atmosphere Wind and Temperature from Meteorological Rocket Experiments during Winter 1979.” Advances in Space Research 2 (10): 177–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(82)90386-6
• Yang, Dan, Yongliang Xiong, Qian Ren, and Xianyong Wang. 2017b. “Nutation Instability of Spinning Solid Rocket Motor Spacecraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 30 (4): 1363–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2017.06.005
• Yang, Dong, Houqian Xu, Junde Wang, and Baochang Zhao. 2001. “Temperature Measurement of Solid Rocket Motor Exhaust Plume by Absorption-Emission Spectroscopy.” Spectroscopy Letters 34 (2): 109–16. https://doi.org/10.1081/sl-100002000
• Yang, Zehua, Wenbin Yao, Yuting Luo, and Shouxiang Lu. 2024b. “Thermal Hazard Analysis and Fire Risk Assessment of Rocket Kerosene in Oxygen-Enriched Environment.” Fire Safety Journal 143: 104080. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.firesaf.2023.104080
• Yang, Xue, Li Yu, Min Liu, and Haofei Pang. 2020. “Fluid Structure Interaction Simulation of Supersonic Parachute Inflation by an Interface Tracking Method.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 33 (6): 1692–1702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.03.005
• Yang, Yunjia, Yufei Zhang, and Haixin Chen. 2023b. “Analysis and Manipulation of the Separation Zone in an Overexpanded Combined Exhaust Nozzle.” Aerospace Science and Technology 135: 108196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108196
• Yao, Zhaohui, Yiwen Qi, Wen Bao, and Tianhong Zhang. 2022. “Thrust Control Method and Technology of Variable-Thrust Liquid Engine for Reusable Launch Rocket.” Aerospace 10 (1): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010032
• Yaravintelimath, Allamaprabhu, B. N. Raghunandan, and José A. Moríñigo. 2016. “Numerical Prediction of Nozzle Flow Separation: Issue of Turbulence Modeling.” Aerospace Science and Technology 50: 31–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.12.016
• Yavuz, Hayrunisa, and Melahat Cihan. 2026. “CFD Analysis of the Aerodynamic Performance for Supersonic Sounding Rockets with Different Nose Cone Fineness Ratios.” In 2026 11th International Conference on Recent Advances in Air and Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast69551.2026.11672363
• Ye, Zhenxin, Sheng Gu, Shengping Gong, and Siyu Zhang. 2026. “Fluid–Structure Interaction Simulation of a Supersonic Reefed Parachute Cluster during the Inflation Process.” Aerospace 13 (9): 818. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13090818
• Ye, X., N. Yajima, G. Ai, and N. Hu. 2000. “Attitude Control and High Precision Pointing Control System of a Large Balloon Borne Solar Telescope.” Advances in Space Research 26 (9): 1419–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(00)00076-4
• Yee, J.-H., E. R. Talaat, and X. Zhu. 2001. “6.5 Day Planetary Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Advances in Space Research 27 (10): 1761–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(01)00331-3
• Yi, Jianhua, Zhihua Sun, Changjian Wang, et al. 2021. “Dynamic Measurement and Correction of Infrared Radiation Temperature for Rocket Motor Exhaust Plume.” FirePhysChem 1 (1): 21–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2021.02.004
• Yilmaz, Nadir, Michael Arowolo, and Alpaslan Atmanli. 2025. “A Case Study on Current Developments and Future Direction of Hypergolic Propellant Systems.” Aerospace 12 (12): 1099. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12121099
• Yilmaz, Nadir, Francisco Vigil, Jonathan Height, Burl Donaldson, and Walt Gill. 2018. “Rocket Motor Exhaust Thermal Environment Characterization.” Measurement 122: 312–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2018.03.039
• Yin, Jintao, Shengju Jiang, Yaowei Hu, Jiawei Zhang, Haochun Miao, and Juanmian Lei. 2025. “Aerodynamic Characteristics and Dynamic Stability of Coning Motion of Spinning Finned Projectile in Supersonic Conditions.” Aerospace 12 (3): 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12030225
• Yin, Jintao, Xiaosheng Wu, and Juanmian Lei. 2017. “Body-Fin Interference on the Magnus Effect of Spinning Projectile in Supersonic Flows.” Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 11 (1): 496–512. https://doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2017.1319878
• Yoon, Wonjae, Vikas Khandu Bhosale, and Hosung Yoon. 2024. “Performance Evaluation of Ammonium Dinitramide-Based Monopropellant in a 1N Thruster.” Aerospace 11 (2): 110. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11020110
• Yorks, R., and H. Weil. 1970. “Antenna Impedance Measurements in the Earth’s Ionosphere.” In 1970 Antennas and Propagation Society International Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aps.1970.1150817
• Yoshimura, R., N. Iwagami, and K.-I. Oyama. 2003. “Rocket Measurement of Electron Density and Atomic Oxygen Density Modulated by Atmospheric Gravity Waves.” Advances in Space Research 32 (5): 837–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0273-1177(03)00422-8
• Young, Stephen J., and Ronald R. Herm. 1988. “Model for Radiation Contamination by Outgassing from Space Platforms.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 25 (6): 413–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.26021
• Yu, Li, Han Cheng, Ya’nan Zhan, and Shaoteng Li. 2014b. “Study of Parachute Inflation Process Using Fluid–structure Interaction Method.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 27 (2): 272–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.02.021
• Yu, Yang, Yuepeng Mao, Tao Yu, Yalin Yang, Shulin Xu, and Sijia Liang. 2023. “The Influence of External Flow Field on the Flow Separation of Overexpanded Single-Expansion Ramp Nozzle.” Aerospace 10 (11): 958. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10110958
• Yu, Li, and Xiao Ming. 2007. “Study on Transient Aerodynamic Characteristics of Parachute Opening Process.” Acta Mechanica Sinica 23 (6): 627–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10409-007-0112-3
• Yu, Xiaodong, Hongsheng Yu, Wei Zhang, Luigi T. DeLuca, and Ruiqi Shen. 2022. “Effect of Penetrative Combustion on Regression Rate of 3D Printed Hybrid Rocket Fuel.” Aerospace 9 (11): 696. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110696
• Yu-bin Yu and Jing Zhang. 2008. “Use Roll Actuator to Reduce Coupling of BTT Missile.” In 2008 2nd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isscaa.2008.4776261
• Yuanwen, Cai, Xie Weiqi, Yao Jingbo, Xin Chaojun, and Xing Xiaochen. 2013. “Integrated Design and Implementation of Ground Test Launch and Control System of Advanced Upper Stage for New Generation Launch Vehicle.” In 2013 IEEE 11th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2013.6743223
• Yucel, Osman, Sevda Acik, K. Atilgan Toker, Zafer Dursunkaya, and M. Haluk Aksel. 2015. “Three-Dimensional Grain Design Optimization of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 2015 7th International Conference on Recent Advances in Space Technologies (RAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rast.2015.7208391
• Yue, Jia, and Quan Gan. 2021. “Quasi-Two-Day Wave Modulation of Carbon Dioxide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 224: 105750. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2021.105750
• Yue, Li, Songyuan Guo, Hao Wang, et al. 2026. “Numerical Study on Three-Dimensional Non-Isothermal Sloshing Characteristics in a Helium-Pressurized Liquid Oxygen Tank.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 269: 129109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2026.129109
• Yue, Jia, and Ningchao Wang. 2025. “Estimation of Adiabatic Cooling and Warming in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 269: 106492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2025.106492
• Zaczynska, Monika, Haim Abramovich, and Chiara Bisagni. 2020. “Parametric Studies on the Dynamic Buckling Phenomenon of a Composite Cylindrical Shell under Impulsive Axial Compression.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 482: 115462. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2020.115462
• Zahari, A. R., and F. I. Romli. 2019. “Analysis of Suborbital Flight Operation Using PESTLE.” Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics 192: 104901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jastp.2018.08.006
• Zahednamazi, Mona, Alireza Toloei, and Reza Ghasemi. 2021. “Different Types of Star Identification Algorithms for Satellite Attitude Determination Using Star Sensor.” Aerospace Systems 4 (4): 315–21. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-021-00093-y
• Zaitsev, B. P., T. V. Protasova, N. V. Smetankina, D. V. Klymenko, I. F. Larionov, and D. V. Akimov. 2020. “Oscillations of the Payload Fairing Body of the Cyclone-4M Launch Vehicle during Separation.” Strength of Materials 52 (6): 849–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11223-021-00239-5
• Zanjani, Aref, and Amir Mahdi Tahsini. 2023. “Transient Thrust Behavior of Low-Aspect-Ratio Rocket Propulsion Systems.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 48 (9): e202300101. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.202300101
• Zebiri, B., A. Piquet, A. Hadjadj, and S. B. Verma. 2020. “Shock-Induced Flow Separation in an Overexpanded Supersonic Planar Nozzle.” AIAA Journal 58 (5): 2122–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j058705
• Zhan, Lei, Tuan M. Nguyen, Juntao Xiong, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2024. “Combustion Dynamics of Ten-Injector Rocket Engine Using Flamelet Progress Variable.” Combustion and Flame 267: 113538. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2024.113538
• Zhan, Junbiao, Wenhao Yu, Mengying Liu, Shipeng Li, and Ningfei Wang. 2026. “Numerical and Experimental Study on Combustion Instability of a Dual-Burning-Rate Solid Rocket Motor.” Acta Astronautica 245: 937–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.02.028
• Zhang, Yu-Lin. 1984. “State-Space Analysis of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Variable Thrust Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Acta Astronautica 11 (7–8): 535–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0094-5765(84)90093-6
• Zhang, Xiaoying. 2011. “Coupled Simulation of Heat Transfer and Temperature of the Composite Rocket Nozzle Wall.” Aerospace Science and Technology 15 (5): 402–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2010.09.006
• Zhang, Wenqing, Michael L. Accorsi, and John W. Leonard. 2006. “Parallel Implementation of Structural Dynamic Analysis for Parachute Simulation.” AIAA Journal 44 (7): 1419–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.14933
• Zhang, HuiQiang, YongJing Ga, Bing Wang, and XiLin Wang. 2012a. “Analysis of Combustion Instability via Constant Volume Combustion in a LOX/RP-1 Bipropellant Liquid Rocket Engine.” Science China Technological Sciences 55 (4): 1066–77. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-012-4743-7
• Zhang, H. W., Y. L. He, and W. Q. Tao. 2007. “Numerical Study of Film and Regenerative Cooling in a Thrust Chamber at High Pressure.” Numerical Heat Transfer, Part A: Applications 52 (11): 991–1007. https://doi.org/10.1080/10407780701364379
• Zhang, Weichao, and Zengxuan Hou. 2026. “Theoretical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Contact Pressure in the Solid Rocket Motor Thermal Insulation Winding Process.” Materials 19 (17): 3599. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19173599
• Zhang, Shuai, Fan Hu, and Weihua Zhang. 2016c. “Numerical Investigation on the Regression Rate of Hybrid Rocket Motor with Star Swirl Fuel Grain.” Acta Astronautica 127: 384–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2016.06.017
• Zhang, Shuang-biao, Xing-cheng Li, and Zhong Su. 2015. “Cone Algorithm of Spinning Vehicles under Dynamic Coning Environment.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2015: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/904913
• Zhang, Zhiyuan, Wenhe Liao, Hanyu Deng, Yu Cheng, Yongzhe Xie, and Wenjun Hu. 2025f. “Numerical Research on Mixing Combustion Characteristic of Vortex Flow Pancake Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 163: 110211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110211
• Zhang, Zhiyuan, Wenhe Liao, Hanyu Deng, and Yichao Yuan. 2026a. “Effect of Oxidizer Injection Orifice Arrangement on Mixing and Combustion Characteristic in Vortex Flow Pancake Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 111233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111233
• Zhang, M., and Q. S. Liu. 2024. “1G and Microgravity Tank Self-Pressurization: Research on Cryogenic Fluid Thermal Stratification.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 196: 108722. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2023.108722
• Zhang, Min, and Qiusheng Liu. 2026. “Variable-Gravity Tank Self-Pressurization: Research on the Interfacial Flow and Thermal Stratification of Cryogenic Fluid.” Cryogenics 159: 104374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2026.104374
• Zhang, Wei, Zhong Liu, Feng Zhang, E. Jiaqiang, and Gaoliang Liao. 2026h. “Thermodynamic Response of a Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank for Aerospace Technology under External Oscillation during Pre-Pressurization.” Processes 14 (11): 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14111677
• Zhang, Zhang, Yu Liu, Miao Zhao, et al. 2025g. “A Numerical Simulation Investigation on Parachute Opening Process of Payload Fairing Recovery.” Aerospace Science and Technology 165: 110487. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110487
• Zhang, Jiaxu, Ruotong Mao, Tao Xu, et al. 2026c. “Experimental Evaluation of Zero Boil-off Feasibility in a Portable Tank for Demonstrating Long-Term Cryogenic Fuel Storage in Orbit.” Applied Thermal Engineering 287: 129443. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2025.129443
• Zhang, Jinbo, Jiawei Niu, Zhibin Xie, Yajun Wang, Xiaolong Li, and Qilin Zhang. 2024e. “Modeling the Effect of Ionospheric Electron Density Profile and Its Inhomogeneities on Sprite Halos.” Atmosphere 15 (10): 1169. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101169
• Zhang, Jiarong, Yvan Orsolini, and Kaoru Sato. 2025d. “Modulation of the Semi-Annual Oscillation by Stratospheric Sudden Warmings as Seen in the High-Altitude JAWARA Re-Analyses.” Atmosphere 16 (12): 1320. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16121320
• Zhang, Yang, Tianmei Pu, He Jia, Shiqing Wu, and Chunhua Zhou. 2024c. “Extension of a Sharp-Interface Immersed-Boundary Method for Simulating Parachute Inflation.” Advances in Aerodynamics 6 (1): 3. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-023-00162-0
• Zhang, Xing, Lianhua Shen, Rongpei Jiang, et al. 2017. “Thermal Decomposition Research on 1,5-Diazabicyclo[3.1.0] Hexane (DABH) as a Potential Low-Toxic Liquid Hypergolic Propellant.” Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 42 (5): 477–83. https://doi.org/10.1002/prep.201600125
• Zhang, Mingjie, Wufei Si, and Cunbiao Lee. 2021a. “Heat Transfer and Recovery Factor of Aerodynamic Heating on a Flared Cone.” AIAA Journal 59 (11): 4284–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j060937
• Zhang, Dawei, Siduo Song, Dehai Yu, et al. 2024d. “Hypergolic Ignition by off-Center Binary Collision of Monoethanolamine-NaBH4 and Hydrogen Peroxide Droplets.” Symmetry 16 (6): 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16060682
• Zhang, Zhiliang, Yueqiang Sun, Yongping Li, Jiangzhao Ai, Xiaoliang Zheng, and Wei Wang. 2023c. “Simulation and Analysis of the Influence of Sounding Rocket Outgassing on in-Situ Atmospheric Detection.” Atmosphere 14 (3): 603. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14030603
• Zhang, Xinwei, Jun Wang, Jinglong Chen, Zijun Liu, and Yong Feng. 2022c. “Retentive Multimodal Scale-Variable Anomaly Detection Framework with Limited Data Groups for Liquid Rocket Engine.” Measurement 205: 112171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.112171
• Zhang, Xinpeng, Yinghong Wang, Xianggeng Wei, Xu Shi, and Yuxin Yang. 2026b. “Efficient Wide Pressure Range Characterization of Solid Propellant Dynamic Burning Rate and Pressure Exponent.” Acta Astronautica 244: 214–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2026.02.018
• Zhang, Wujie, Bin Wang, Hao Zhang, et al. 2024g. “Self-Pressurization Behavior and Zero Boil-off Feasibility of LOX/LCH4 Pair Stored in a Single-Layer Metal Common Bulkhead Tank.” Energy 312: 133671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2024.133671
• Zhang, Qiyue, Hongtao Xie, Peng Dong, Guobiao Cai, Hui Tian, and Ruizhi Li. 2026d. “Investigation on Additive Manufactured CuCrZr Alloy Regenerative Cooling Thrust Chamber: Material Properties and Structural Mechanical Response.” Advances in Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42423-026-00213-w
• Zhang, Yuqi, Jinglei Xu, Minglei Cao, Ruifeng Pan, and Shuai Huang. 2024f. “Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Dual Throat Nozzle and Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle in Thrust Vectoring Starting Process.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 37 (10): 184–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2024.05.032
• Zhang, Wei, Mingze Xu, Huixin Yang, Xu Wang, Shangshang Zheng, and Xiang Li. 2024b. “Data-Driven Deep Learning Approach for Thrust Prediction of Solid Rocket Motors.” Measurement 225: 114051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2023.114051
• Zhang, Zhenkang, Wanwu Xu, Wei Ye, Zhiyan Li, and Zhuo Liu. 2022b. “Heated Wind-Tunnel Experiments and Numerical Investigations Onhypersonic Blunt Cone Aerodynamic Heating.” Acta Astronautica 197: 154–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2022.05.021
• Zhang, Wujie, Liangze Xu, Jiaxu Zhang, Zhaoqi Zheng, Ruijiao Miao, and Yonghua Huang. 2025e. “Multi-Objective Optimization of Cryogenic Propellant Zero Boil-off Storage: Modeling, Optimization Method and Performance Enhancement.” Energy 320: 135365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.135365
• Zhang, Qilin, Tao Xue, and Xiaobing Zhang. 2024a. “Advancing Heat Transfer Efficiency: V-Shape Crossed Structures in Regenerative Cooling Channels for Rocket Engines.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 158: 107921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107921
• Zhang, Yuanjun, Zhengbo Yang, Chaoliang Mu, Yuchen Zhang, Hao Zhu, and Lidong Wang. 2025a. “Hypergolic Ignition of Green Propellant: Testing of 90 % Hydrogen Peroxide with Paraffin Wax Including Sodium Borohydride.” Acta Astronautica 229: 277–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.01.033
• Zhang, Tianfu, Nan Yao, Chongyang Zhou, et al. 2022a. “Combustion Characteristics of Cross-Linked Fluorinated Polymer Supported Aluminum/oxidizer Microsphere in HTPB Propellant.” FirePhysChem 2 (1): 20–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fpc.2022.03.005
• Zhang, Tao, Miao Yu, and XiWang Xia. 2025h. “Research on Pure Magnetic Attitude Control Algorithm for Space-Fixed Pointing.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11178989
• Zhang, Dawei, Dehai Yu, Yueming Yuan, Peng Zhang, and Xuejun Fan. 2023b. “Hypergolic Ignition Induced by Head-on Collision of Bi-Propellant Droplets: Monoethanolamine-Based Fuel and Hydrogen Peroxide.” Fuel 342: 127788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2023.127788
• Zhang, Jinbo, Qilin Zhang, Xiufeng Guo, Wenhao Hou, and Haiyang Gao. 2019. “Simulated Impacts of Atmospheric Gravity Waves on the Initiation and Optical Emissions of Sprite Halos in the Mesosphere.” Science China Earth Sciences 62 (4): 631–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-018-9311-y
• Zhang, Wujie, Hao Zhang, Yonghua Huang, et al. 2025b. “Improving Storage Performance of a Cryogenic Common Bulkhead Tank Filled with LOX and LCH4 by Helium Pressurization.” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 239: 126565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126565
• Zhang, Dawei, Peng Zhang, Yueming Yuan, and Taichang Zhang. 2016a. “Hypergolic Ignition by Head-on Collision of N,N,N′,N′ −Tetramethylethylenediamine and White Fuming Nitric Acid Droplets.” Combustion and Flame 173: 276–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2016.08.010
• Zhang, Yuzhe, Jiajun Zhao, Longzhu Han, et al. 2026f. “Numerical Study of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Regenerative Cooling Channels with Symmetric Truncated Ribs.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 178: 111897. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2026.111897
• Zhang, Huijuan, Yizhuo Zhu, Changlin Wang, and Yuanjin Yu. 2026e. “Momentum Gradient Descent with Kinematic Prediction-Based Initialization for High-Accuracy Star Sensor Attitude Estimation.” IEEE Sensors Journal 26 (13): 20096–20104. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2026.3694499
• Zhao, Chengeng, Yifei Su, Zhongyi Sun, Yichen Wang, and Guigao Le. 2024. “Drift and Afterburning Effect on Rocket Exhaust Plume Impingement and Optimization of Deflector.” Advances in Space Research 73 (8): 3963–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asr.2024.01.005
• Zhao, Yu, Murilo Augusto Vaz, and Lin Yuan. 2026. “Elastoplastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Stepped Cylindrical Shells.” Engineering Structures 351: 121990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2025.121990
• Zheng, Jianpeng, Liubiao Chen, Xuming Liu, Honglai Zhu, Yuan Zhou, and Junjie Wang. 2020b. “Thermodynamic Optimization of Composite Insulation System with Cold Shield for Liquid Hydrogen Zero-Boil-off Storage.” Renewable Energy 147: 824–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.09.078
• Zheng, Yaru, Xiaoyu Fu, Ming Xu, Qinglong Li, and Mingpei Lin. 2020a. “Ascent Trajectory Design of Small-Lift Launch Vehicle Using Hierarchical Optimization.” Aerospace Science and Technology 107: 106285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106285
• Zheng, Jiayue, Xue Liu, Weixing Zhou, and Yuyang Bian. 2024. “Numerical Investigation on Directional Transpiration Cooling Performance Coupled with Regenerative Cooling.” International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer 159: 108223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.108223
• Zheng, Gang, Wansheng Nie, Songjiang Feng, and Gaoyang Wu. 2015. “Numerical Simulation of the Atomization Process of a like-Doublet Impinging Rocket Injector.” Procedia Engineering 99: 930–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.624
• Zheng, Zheng, and Joshua Wallace. 2014. “Anisotropic Lyman-Alpha Emission.” Astrophysical Journal 794 (2): 116. https://doi.org/10.1088/0004-637x/794/2/116
• Zheng, Hong-Feng, and Xiao-Bing Zhang. 2021. “Numerical Study on Performance Effect of Burning-Rate Ratio in Nozzleless Rocket Motor with Series Dual Burning Rate Grain.” Journal of Energetic Materials 40 (3): 303–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/07370652.2021.1872744
• Zherebtsov, G. A., O. M. Pirog, and N. M. Polekh. 1995. “Modeling of the Electron Density Distribution in the Polar Ionosphere.” Advances in Space Research 16 (1): 51–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/0273-1177(95)00098-y
• Zhi, Quanquan, Jieyu Guo, Hao Yuan, Xinyu Yang, and Cong Ren. 2025. “An Anomaly Analysis Method for Rocket Telemetry Data Based on SincNet-LSTM.” In 2025 International Conference on Equipment Intelligent Operation and Maintenance (ICEIOM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceiom65271.2025.11239995
• Zhou, Zeyang, and Jun Huang. 2024. “Position Calculation for Front Fin of Rocket Forebody Using Variable Step Scheme.” Aerospace 11 (8): 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080617
• Zhou, Siyin, Wansheng Nie, and Yuan Tian. 2021a. “High Frequency Combustion Instability Control by Discharge Plasma in a Model Rocket Engine Combustor.” Acta Astronautica 179: 391–406. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.11.010
• Zhou, Lesong, Zheng Sheng, Zhiqiang Fan, and Qixiang Liao. 2017. “Data Analysis of the TK-1G Sounding Rocket Installed with a Satellite Navigation System.” Atmosphere 8 (10): 199. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos8100199
• Zhou, Junfang, Degao Tan, Guangyu Liu, and Yanxin Zhang. 2014. “The Optimal Event-Based Control of Parachute Opening Problem II: A Case Study.” In 2014 9th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2014.6931276
• Zhou, Wei, Shuxing Yang, and Jinlong Dong. 2013. “Coning Motion Instability of Spinning Missiles Induced by Hinge Moment.” Aerospace Science and Technology 30 (1): 239–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2013.08.008
• Zhou, Chen, and Zhibin Yu. 2023. “Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Atmosphere 14 (9): 1456. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14091456
• Zhou, Chuang, Nanjia Yu, Shuwen Wang, et al. 2023. “The Influence of Thrust Chamber Structure Parameters on Regenerative Cooling Effect with Hydrogen Peroxide as Coolant in Liquid Rocket Engines.” Aerospace 10 (1): 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010065
• Zhou, Zhi-tan, Chang-fang Zhao, Chen-yu Lu, and Gui-gao Le. 2021b. “Numerical Studies on Four-Engine Rocket Exhaust Plume Impinging on Flame Deflectors with Afterburning.” Defence Technology 17 (4): 1207–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dt.2020.06.016
• Zhu, Yinhai, Peixue Jiang, Jiguo Sun, and Yanbin Xiong. 2013. “Injector Head Transpiration Cooling Coupled with Combustion in H2/O2 Subscale Thrust Chamber.” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer 27 (1): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.t3872
• Zhu, Fang, Suwen Li, and Fuqi Si. 2025b. “Retrieval of Ozone Profiles from Limb Scattering Measurements of the OMS on FY-3F Satellite.” Remote Sensing 17 (23): 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs17233784
• Zhu, Yalu, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2026. “Simulation of Multi-Injector H2-O2 Rocket Combustion Instability.” AIAA Journal 64 (1): 205–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j065542
• Zhu, Hao, Hui Tian, Guobiao Cai, and Weimin Bao. 2015. “Uncertainty Analysis and Design Optimization of Hybrid Rocket Motor Powered Vehicle for Suborbital Flight.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 28 (3): 676–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2015.04.015
• Zhu, Hao, Minzhang Tong, Yuanjun Zhang, et al. 2025a. “Combustion Characteristics of Hypergolic Solid Fuel Using NaBH4-Embedded Polyethylene Wax for Hydrogen Peroxide Hybrid Rocket.” Acta Astronautica 236: 1316–26. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2025.08.006
• Zhu, Lvtao, Jiayi Wang, Wei Shen, Lifeng Chen, and Chengyan Zhu. 2022. “Design and Analysis of Solid Rocket Composite Motor Case Connector Using Finite Element Method.” Polymers 14 (13): 2596. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14132596
• Zhu, Chunmei, and Xiaoli Xu. 2009. “The Dynamic Measurement of Thrust Misalignment in Solid Rocket Motors Based on Load Identification Technique.” In 2009 9th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icemi.2009.5274531
• Zhukov, Victor P., and Klaus P. Heinrich. 2019. “Evaluation of the Grid Convergence for a Rocket Combustion Chamber with a Porous Injector.” Acta Astronautica 158: 438–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2018.08.002
• Zimmermann, Rolf. 1995. “Quick Optimum Buckling Design of Axially Compressed, Fiber Composite Cylindrical Shells.” AIAA Journal 33 (10): 1993–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12762
• Zinn, Ben T. 1968. “A Theoretical Study of Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” AIAA Journal 6 (10): 1966–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4908
• Zinn, Ben T. 1973. “Nozzle Damping in Solid Rocket Instabilities.” AIAA Journal 11 (11): 1492–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50616
• Zinn, Ben T., and Eugene A. Powell. 1971. “Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 13 (1): 491–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(71)80051-6
• Zinn, B. T., and C. T. Savell. 1969. “A Theoretical Study of Three-Dimensional Combustion Instability in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 12 (1): 139–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(69)80398-x
• Zirin, Harold. 1963. “Coronal Observations and Rocket Solar Ultraviolet Results.” AIAA Journal 1 (6): 1286–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.1780
• Zirkind, Ralph. 1967. “Radiation from Rocket-Exhaust Plumes.” Symposium (International) on Combustion 11 (1): 613–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0082-0784(67)80186-3
• Zmijanovic, Vladeta, Luc Leger, Eric Depussay, Mohamed Sellam, and Amer Chpoun. 2016. “Experimental–Numerical Parametric Investigation of a Rocket Nozzle Secondary Injection Thrust Vectoring.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 32 (1): 196–213. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b35721
• Zou, Xiangrui, Ningfei Wang, Lei Han, et al. 2023. “Investigation on Burning Behaviors of Aluminum Agglomerates in Solid Rocket Motor with Detailed Combustion Model.” Acta Astronautica 206: 243–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2023.02.025
• Zucrow, M. J., and C. F. Warner. 1950. “Application of White Fuming Nitric Acid and Jet-Engine Fuel (AN-F-58) as Rocket Propellants.” Journal of the American Rocket Society 00 (82): 139–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.4331
• Zuo, Z. Q., P. J. Sun, W. B. Jiang, X. J. Qin, P. Li, and Y. H. Huang. 2019. “Thermal Stratification Suppression in Reduced or Zero Boil-off Hydrogen Tank by Self-Spinning Spray Bar.” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 44 (36): 20158–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2019.05.241
• Zuo, Zhongqi, Bin Wang, Rongrong Lv, Lige Tong, and Li Wang. 2025. “Similarity Analysis for Reorientation and Self-Pressurization of Cryogenic Fluids in on-Orbit Propellant Tanks.” International Journal of Thermal Sciences 214: 109910. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2025.109910
• Żurawka, Paulina, Nezar Sahbon, Dominika Pytlak, Mateusz Sochacki, Adam Puchalski, and Siddharth Murpani. 2023. “Multi-Objective Optimization of a Fin Shape for a Passive Supersonic Rocket Stage.” In 2023 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero55745.2023.10115859

Primary Sources, Non-Peer-Reviewed

• “15. the Cosmic X-Ray Background.” 1985. In Harvard University Press eBooks. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674594449.c16
• “1976 US Standard Atmosphere Model.” 2014. In Commercial Airplane Design Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-419953-8.00019-x
• A: Properties of Standard Atmosphere. 2006. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470117859.app1
• “Abatement of Gaseous and Particulate Contamination in a Space Instrument.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0108.0135
• Abbas, Laith K., and Xiaoting Rui. 2011. “Numerical Investigations of Aeroelastic Divergence Parameter of Unguided Launch Vehicles.” Space Research Journal 4 (1): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3923/srj.2011.1.11
• Abbasi, Arefeh. 2020. “Poking and Buckling of Pressurized Spherical Shells.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.5f5f8e69aa777f8ba5bd6016
• Abbasi, S., and S. Esmailzadeh Vali. 2024. “Evaluation of Various Flow Control Methods in Reducing Drag and Aerodynamic Heating on the Nose of Hypersonic Flying Objects.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 17 (3). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.17.3.2150
• Abbe, C., C. McLaughlin, and E. Weiss. 1967. “Influence of Storable Propellant Liquid Rocket Design Parameters on Combustion Instability.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-474. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-474
• Abbott, J., and I. Walker. 1970. “A Star Pointing Attitude Control System for the Skylark Sounding Rocket.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1401. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1401
• Abdelaziz, Almostafa, Liang Guozhu, and Anwer Elsayed. 2018. “Parameters Affecting the Erosive Burning of Solid Rocket Motor.” MATEC Web of Conferences 153: 03001. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815303001
• AbdelGawad, Alaa R., and Liang Guozhu. 2022. “A Numerical Simulation Study for a Dual Thrust Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Nozzle.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2235 (1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2235/1/012010
• Abdelmaksoud, M., A. M. Abdelall, M. A. Al-Sanabawy, and A. Hashish. 2025. “Experimental Investigation of the Burning Rate of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3070 (1): 012018. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3070/1/012018
• Abdu, Managlathayil Ali. 2020. “Equatorial F Region Irregularities.” In The Dynamical Ionosphere. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-814782-5.00012-1
• Abdul Aziz, Zulkifli, and Siti Harwani Md. Yusoff. 2024. “Development of Plasma Probe Platform for in-Situ Measurement with Real-Time Communication System Using Sounding Rocket.” Jurnal Kejuruteraan 36 (5): 1859–73. https://doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2024-36(5)-07
• Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Hussein. 2011. “Spray Cone Angle and Air Core Diameter of Hollow Cone Swirl Rocket Injector.” IIUM Engineering Journal 12 (3). https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v12i3.66
• Abdul Hamid, Ahmad Hussein. 2025. “Low-Altitude Rocket Stability under Various Fin Cant Angles and Cross Wind Speeds.” Journal of Mechanical Engineering 22 (2): 83–95. https://doi.org/10.24191/jmeche.v22i2.2925
• Abdulkerim, Sohayb. 2022. “Simulating Rocket Trajectory Using JSBSim and Optimal Thrust Profile for Maximizing Altitude of Sounding Rocket.” Celal Bayar Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 18 (4): 417–24. https://doi.org/10.18466/cbayarfbe.1107088
• Abe, Takashi, Kazuhisa Fujita, Hiroyuki Ogawa, and Ikkoh Funaki. 2000. “Microwave Telemetry Breakdown Caused by Rocket Plume.” In 31st Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 2000-2484. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-2484
• Abernathy, R. N., R. B. Cohen, and J. J. Shirtz. 1983. Measurements of Hypergolic Fuels’ and Oxidants’ Permeation through Commercial Protective Materials. Part 1. Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada134714
• “Ablation Measurement of the Gasjet Nose Tip.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0368.0381
• Abreu, José Alano Peres de, Roberto Célio Limão de Oliveira, and João Viana da Fonseca Neto. 2020. “Rocket Tracking Impact Point Prediction Using α-β, Standard Kalman, Extended, Kalman, and Unscented Kalman Filters: A Comparative Analysis.” Research, Society and Development 9 (3): e42932022. https://doi.org/10.33448/rsd-v9i3.2022
• Abrizal, Haryadi, Ariadne Lakshmidevi Juwono, and Bagus Hayatul Jihad. 2025. “Mass Optimization of Rocket Nozzles Using Ablative Materials.” Indonesian Journal of Aerospace 23 (1): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.55981/ijoa.2025.11394
• Abu-Romia, M. 1964. “A Method of Calculating Rocket Plume Radiation to the Base Region.” In Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1964-60. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-60
• Ac-9 Aircraft Environmental Systems Committee. 2011. Aerospace Pressurization System Design. https://doi.org/10.4271/air1168/7a
• Accorsi, Michael L., and John W. Leonard. 2002. Advanced Structural Modeling for Fully Coupled Parachute Dynamics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada413498
• Accorsi, Michael, Wenqing Zhang, John Leonard, Richard Benney, Keith Stein, and Tayfun Tezduyar. 2000. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Modeling of the U.S. Army Personnel Parachute System.” In Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2000-4310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4310
• Achenbach, J. D. 1965. Thickness Shear Vibrations of an Ablating Rocket. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0624737
• Acker, Otto H. 1983. “Shock Absorbing Mechanism for a Parachute Supported Load.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 73 (3): 1093–94. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.389094
• Ackerman, M. 1973. “Solar Radiation and Its Absorption in the Upper Atmosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_7
• “Acoustic Sensitivity Measurements of Injectors in a Small Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” 1996. In Recent Advances in Spray Combustion: Spray Combustion Measurements and Model Simulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866432.0369.0392
• Acton, L. W., P. C. Fisher, W. C. Jordan, A. J. Meyerott, and D. T. Roethig. 1966. Resolution of X-Ray Sources at Low Galactic Longitude. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660061858
• Adachi, Yosuke, Kenji Kawamura, Laurence Armi, and Ralph F. Keeling. 2006. “Diffusive Separation of the Lower Atmosphere.” Science 311 (5766): 1429–1429. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1121312
• Adams, R. 1966. “Wind Tunnel Testing Techniques for Gas-Particle Flows in Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-767. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-767
• Adams, Thomas S. 1989. “Sound Power Level and Directivity Pattern Determination of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 85 (S1): S23-S23. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2026873
• Adams, D. J., B. A. Cooke, K. Evans, and K. A. Pounds. 1970. “Rocket Observations of Virgo XR-1.” In Non-Solar X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3311-4_10
• Adey, A. W., and W. J. Heikkila. 1961. “Rocket Electron Density Measurements at Fort Churchill, Canada.” Canadian Journal of Physics 39 (1): 219–21. https://doi.org/10.1139/p61-018
• Aditi Atul Hiray, Abhinav Iyer, Purna Sravani Kankatala, Srishti Chakraborty, Hariharan G M, and D. Suhitha Reddy. 2025. “Computational Investigation of Combustion Efficiency in LOX-HTPB Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Acceleron Aerospace Journal 5 (2): 1350–61. https://doi.org/10.61359/11.2106-2546
• Aerobee 350 Passes Test with Payload. 1966. NASA NEWS RELEASE-66-221. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025033
• Aerobee 350 Recovery System Final Project Report. 1970. NASA-CR-118628. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710016407
• Aerojet-General Corp Sacramento Ca. 1962. AFT-END Ignition Large Solid-Rocket Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0285988
• Aerospace Council. 2000. Engine; Rocket, Solid Propellant 5 Second Duration, 4500 Pounds Thrust. https://doi.org/10.4271/as8581
• Affan, Syed. 2024. “Jericho Rocket: A Community: Driven Endeavor in Indian Amateur Rocketry.” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 13 (1): 644–51. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr24104110501
• Afkhami, S. E., Vahid Maleki, M. Niazi, and M. Abbasi. 2015. “Analytical and Numerical Investigations on Buckling of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Panel with Specific Boundary Condition.” International Review of Mechanical Engineering (IREME) 9 (2): 118. https://doi.org/10.15866/ireme.v9i2.3315
• Agarwal, R., and J. Rakich. 1978. “Computation of Supersonic Laminar Viscous Flow past a Pointed Cone at Angle of Attack in Spinning and Coning Motion.” In 11th Fluid and PlasmaDynamics Conference. AIAA 1978-1211. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1211
• Ageenko, Y. I., V. E. Nigodyuk, V. V. Ryzhkov, A. V. Sulinov, and S. A. Shustov. 2013. “Investigation of Energy Parameters of Small-Thrust Liquid Rocket Engines with the Geometric Expansion Ratio of the Nozzle F=200.” VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 12 (2): 9–19. https://doi.org/10.18287/1998-6629-2013-0-2(40)-9-19
• Ageev, Nikita, and Alexander Pavlenko. 2016. “Minimization of Body of Revolution Aerodynamic Drag at Supersonic Speeds.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (2): 246–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2015-0052
• Aggson, T. L., J. P. Heppner, and N. C. Maynard. 1970. Electric Field Observations of Ionospheric Whistlers. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700063340
• Agosta, V., T. Seamans, and M. Vanpee. 1966. “A Fundamental Model of Hypergolic Ignition in Space-Ambient Engines.” In 3rd Annual Meeting. AIAA 1966-950. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-950
• Agrawal, Brij. 1990. “Dynamic Characteristics of Liquid Motion in Partially Filled Tanks of Spinning Spacecraft.” In 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1990-997. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-997
• Agrawal, Vipin, Vikash Pandey, and Dhrubaditya Mitra. 2023. “Active Buckling of Pressurized Spherical Shells: Monte Carlo Simulation.” Physical Review E 108 (3): L032601. https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.108.l032601
• Aguiar, Antonio Lucas Suzuk, William Reis Silva, Gustavo Ferreira Malta, João Victor Rocha de Paula, Cristian Vendittozzi, and Ignazio Dimino. 2025. “Attitude Determination for the Cubesat Splash Using a Magnetometer and Sun Sensor.” In 3º Congresso Aeroespacial Brasileiro. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220794.1443319
• Ahearn Jr., J. L. Headrick, and J. M. D. C. Rohlfs. 1957. Interaction between Electromagnetic Waves and Flames. Part 3. Absorption Loss through Rocket Exhausts as a Function of Altitude. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0132293
• Ahlborn, H., and K. Loehberg. 1979. “Aluminium-Indium-Experiment SOLUOG: A Sounding Rocket Experiment on Immiscible Alloys.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-172. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-172
• Ahmad, Rashid. 2001. “Internal Flow Simulation of Enhanced Performance Solid Rocket Booster for the Space Transportation System.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3585. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3585
• Ahmed, Mousa Khalifa. 2011. “Vibration and Buckling Approximation of an Axially Loaded Cylindrical Shell with a Three Lobed Cross Section Having Varying Thickness.” Applied Mathematics 02 (03): 329–42. https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2011.23039
• Ahmed, M., Helal Uddin, and Eng Touhidur Rahman Sajib. 2025. “Design and Static Stability of a Model Missile Rocket.” International Journal of Latest Technology in Engineering Management & Applied Science 14 (7): 301–10. https://doi.org/10.51583/ijltemas.2025.1407000034
• Ahuja, V., A. Hosangadi, P. A. Cavallo, and R. Daines. 2006. “Simulations of Transient Phenomena in Liquid Rocket Feed Systems.” In Department of the Navy. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070001473
• Ahuja, Vineet, Ashvin Hosangadi, Chun P. Lee, Robert E. Field, and Harry Ryan. 2010. Computational Analyses of Pressurization in Cryogenic Tanks. SSTI-8080-0018. Combustion Research and Flow Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100003447
• Ahuja, Krishan K., and Shane Lympany. 2016. “Sound Damping by Injector Tubes and Surrounding Ducting Used in Liquid Rocket Combustors.” In 22nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 2016-3036. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3036
• Aikin, A. C., R. A. Goldberg, W. Jones, and J. A. Kane. 1977. “Observations of the Mid-Latitude Lower Ionosphere in Winter.” Journal of Geophysical Research 82. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770051680
• Aikin, A. C., J. A. Kane, and J. Troim. 1964. An Interpretation of a Rocket Measurement of Electron Density in the Lower Ionosphere. NASA-RP-347. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640022727
• Air Force Space Command Space Missile SYS CTR. 2014. Space and Missile Systems Center Standard: Test Requirements for Launch, Upper-Stage and Space Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada619375
• Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1962. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing. Appendix B. U.S. Standard Atmosphere Altitude, Temperature, Pressure and Density. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320208
• “Airglow Research during IGY and IGC 1959.” 1962. In Observations of the Night Airglow. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1272-2.50004-6
• “Airplane and Rocket Flight.” 1990. In Principles of Modern Technology. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511622892.012
• Akasofu, S.-I. 1978. “Recent Progress in Antarctic Auroral Studies.” In Antarctic Research Series. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/ar029p0157
• Akbari, Hassanali, R. F. Pfaff, and Auroral Jets Sounding Rocket Experiment Team. 2020. Auroral Electrodynamics—Investigation by a Dual Sounding Rocket Experiment. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-12853
• Akcal, Ugur, Burak Yuksek, and Nazim K. Ure. 2017. “Modeling and Simulation of Aerobee-150A Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-1557. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1557
• Akimov, D. 2026. “Determination of the Stress-Strain State of the Protection of Launcher Elements from Gas-Dynamic Impact during Rocket Launch.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/3083-7057-2026-1-001
• Akinoglu, Bulent Gultekin. 2025. “Solar Spectrum at the Top of the Atmosphere and Total Solar Irradiance.” In Spectral Characteristics of Solar Radiation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-443-23839-0.00002-x
• Akishita, S., R. Kurosaki, K. Okada, and T. Hirata. 1984. “Theoretical Prediction of Roll Moment on Wing-Controlled Missile.” In 2nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1984-2148. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2148
• Akiyama, Takafumi, Toru Ishikawa, Naomi Obuchi, et al. 2024. Development of Autonomous Flight Termination Software. https://doi.org/10.52202/078377-0008
• Aktas, M., C. Ertugrul, and C. Karakus. 2016. 5.6: Onboard Flight Termination System with Electronic Safe&Arm Mechanism: A Rapid Solution for High Velocity Flight Vehicles. https://doi.org/10.5162/etc2016/5.6
• Akyuzlu, K. M., and K. Albayrak. 2011. “A Numerical Study of Coupling of Thermal and Hydrodynamic Oscillations in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In Volume 4: Energy Systems Analysis, Thermodynamics and Sustainability; Combustion Science and Engineering; Nanoengineering for Energy, Parts A and B. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64327
• Akyuzlu, K. M., S. Jones, and T. Meredith. 1993. “Experimental and Analytical Study of Cryogenic Propellant Boiloff to Develop and Verify Alternate Pressurization Concepts for Space Shuttle External Tank Using a Scaled down Tank.” In NASA. Lewis Research Center, The Fifth Annual Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940019184
• Al’pert, Ya L. 1961. “Investigation of the Ionosphere and of the Interplanetary Gas with the Aid of Artificial Satellites and Space Rockets.” Soviet Physics Uspekhi 3 (4): 479–503. https://doi.org/10.1070/pu1961v003n04abeh003291
• Al-Ragihy, Ahmed A., Alaa M. Hussein Al-jussani, and Ali Mohammed Hussein. 2024. “On the Dynamics of Dual-Spin Spacecraft Containing a Nutation Damper.” Journal of Engineering 16 (04): 5982–6000. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2010.04.20
• Alanyalioglu, Cetin. 2017. “Simple and Accurate Method for Determination of Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Throat History.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4860. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4860
• Alazeezi, Mohammed, and Predrag Elek. 2019. “Nozzle Optimization of Dual Thrust Rocket Motors.” In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18072-0_54
• Albanese, Kimberly, Mary Meyers, Kassandra Prusko, and Michael Courtney. 2012. Altitude Dependence of Rocket Motor Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada571357
• Albert, R. D., and P. J. Lindstrom. 1970. Auroral-Particle Precipitation and Trapping Caused by Electrostatic Double Layers in the Ionosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710035199
• Albert Storace, P. E. 2023. “G Loading and Weightlessness.” In The Physics of Flight. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003390916-4
• Albertson, Cindy, Paul Tartabini, and Bandu Pamadi. 2012. “End-To-End Simulation of Launch Vehicle Trajectories Including Stage Separation Dynamics.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4863. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4863
• Alcock, Joseph, and Steven Hagar. 1989. “Transferring Jet Engine Diagnostic and Control Technology to Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2851. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2851
• Alden, Henry L., and Roger H. Habert. 1964. Gas Dynamics of High-Altitude Rocket Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0607940
• Aldrich, B. R., and W. D. Whitt. 1979. General Purpose Rocket Furnace. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-MFS-23460-1. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790017904
• Aleksandrov, Eugene, Tetiana Aleksandrova, Iryna Kostianyk, and Yaroslav Morgun. 2022. “On the Stability of the Stabilized Motion of a Carrier Rocket with a Liquid-Propellant Jet Engine and an Onboard Digital Computer in the Stabilization Loop.” Advanced Information Systems 6 (2): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.20998/2522-9052.2022.2.05
• Alekseyev, P. P., Ye. A. Besyadovskiy, L. Biryukova, et al. 1964. Investigation of Upper Atmospheric Layers by Means of Meteorological Rockets. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640014494
• Alexander, William E. 1970. A Transducer for Controlling Simulated Aerodynamic Heating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0875525
• Alexander, Leslie A., Karen Bishop-Behel, Michael P. J. Benfield, Anthony Kelley, and Gordon R. Woodcock. 2005. Simulation Analysis of Computer-Controlled Pressurization for Mixture Ratio Control. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050206420
• Alexandrov, Christina. 2026. “Off-Design Rocket Nozzle Flow Behavior under Rapidly Varying Ambient Pressure Condition.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-115881. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-115881
• Alfatih, M. F., and W. Hancoyo. 2021. “Electric Ducted Fan (EDF) Rocket Attitude Telemetry Using 2.4 GHz Radio Frequency.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2111 (1): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2111/1/012001
• Alford, G. C., G. W. Cooper, and N. E. Peterson. 1982. Sounding Rockets in Antarctica. AIAA PAPER 82-1754. Thiokol Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064523
• Alford, George C., David M. George, and Paul W. Hoekstra. 1972. Fabrication of Twenty-Two Sounding Rocket Vehicle Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0753089
• Alford, G., and P. Hoekstra. 1976. “Ute-Tomahawk, Paiute-Tomahawk, and Paiute-Squaw Sounding Rocket Vehicles.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1976-1869. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1869
• Ali, Aliyah N., and Jerry L. Borrer. 2013a. “Analysis and Results from a Flush Airdata Sensing (FADS) System in Close Proximity to Firing Rocket Nozzles.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140009987
• Ali, Aliyah N., and Jerry L. Borrer. 2013b. “Analysis and Results from a Flush Airdata Sensing System in Close Proximity to Firing Rocket Nozzles.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140008317
• Ali, Limam, and Jullien Jean François. 2002. “Buckling of Thin Pressurized Cylindrical Shells under Bending Load.” In Advances in Steel Structures (ICASS ‘02). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044017-0/50079-2
• Alicea, MarcAnthony. 2026. “Optimizing Rocket Aerodynamics for Improved Flight Performance.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-114921. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-114921
• Aljbour, Diana. 2024. Thermal Responsive Propellant Formulations for Variable Thrust Control for Winged Space Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0139
• Allan, D., E. Bastress, and K. Smith. 1966. “Heat-Transfer Processes during Ignition of Ignition of Solid Propellant Rockets.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-66. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-66
• Allegre, J., M. Raffin, and J. Lengrand. 1985. “Experimental Study of the Plume Impingement Problem Associated with Rocket Stage Separation.” In 20th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1985-930. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-930
• Allen, Douglas Ray. n.d. “Dynamical Processes in the Middle Atmosphere as Observed from Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Limb-Sounding Data.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-10697
• Allen, H. F. 1962. Upper Air Research at High Latitudes.. Michigan Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620000053
• Allen, W. 1981. “Assessment of Future Solid Rocket Motor Flight Instrumentation/data Needs.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1550. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1550
• Allen, Max J., Timothy A. Brahan, Joshua C. Coya, et al. 2026. “Roll Control of a Smooth Body Missile.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0506
• Allen, M. S., H. C. McAllister, and J. T. Jefferies. 1977. High Resolution Atlas of the Solar Spectrum 2678-2931 A. NASA-CR-157396. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780023086
• Alley, V. L., Jr., and S. A. Leadbetter. 1963. Prediction and Measurement of Natural Vibrations of Multistage Launch Vehicles. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630017675
• Almeida, Daniel Soares de, Emerson Andrade dos Santos, and Günter Langel. 2021. “Upper Stage Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine: A Case Analysis.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 13: e1221. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v13.1203
• Almond, R., S. F. G. Farmer, and R. Frith. 1964. “Rocket Soundings of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 202 (4932): 587–587. https://doi.org/10.1038/202587a0
• Almroth, B. 1966. “Influence of Imperfections and Edge Restraint on the Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders.” In 7th Structures and Materials Conference. AIAA 1966-1702. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1702
• Alneem, Rami Abdalgadir, and Mohamed A. Omer. 2021. “Design and Fabrication Device for Determine Mass and Center of Gravity of GRAD Rocket.” Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science. https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.91
• Alpatov, A. P., O. S. Palii, and О. D. Skorik. 2017. “The Development of Structural Design and the Selection of Design Parameters of Aerodynamic Systems for De-Orbiting Upper-Stage Rocket Launcher.” Science and innovation 13 (4): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.15407/scine13.04.029
• Alt, R. E., and J. T. Tosh. 1976a. Vibration Testing of the JE-M-604-4-IUE Rocket Motor (Thiokol P/N E 28639-03). NASA-CR-153224. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770018298
• Alt, R. E., and J. T. Tosh. 1976b. Vibration Testing of the TE-M-604-4-IUE Rocket Motor (Thiokol P/N E 28639-03). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada034227
• Altgelt, R., and J. Ward. 1968. “Developing the Fast-Opening Parachute.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1968-932. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-932
• Alves Avelino, José Felipe, and Daniel Chalhub. 2021. “Heat Transfer Analysis of a Solid-Propellant Rocket Combustion Chamber.” In Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-0529
• Aly, Sherif Saleh Safar. n.d. “Buckling Assessment of Axially Loaded Cylindrical Shells with Random Imperfections.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-8039
• Alyea, F. N. 1984. A Three-Dimensional Dynamical-Chemical Model of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere for Upper Atmospheric Research. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada142200
• Alzain, Ahmed M. A., and M. H. M. Abuuznien. 2019. “Mathematical Analysis of Three Dimensional Finocyl Propellant Grain for Solid Rocket Motor.” مجلة الدراسات العليا: 16. https://doi.org/10.33914/1382-014-054-003
• Amakawa, Hiroaki, Hiroyuki Yamada, Kohei Tateyama, et al. 2019. “Separation Behavior Evaluation of Notched Bolt for Rocket Payload Fairing Separation System.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 67 (2): 57–66. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.67.57
• Amano, Ryo S. 2024. “Study of Liquid Breakup Process in Solid Fuel Booster Rocket Chamber.” In ASME 2024 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ht2024-130444
• Amano, Ryoichi S. 2026. “Investigation of the Liquid Breakup Process of Solid Booster Rocket.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0851. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0851
• Amano, R. S., and YuMin Xiao. 2008. “Modeling and Simulation of Solid Propellant Particle Path in the Combustion Chamber of a Solid Rocket Motor.” Heat Transfer Research 39 (3): 211–28. https://doi.org/10.1615/heattransres.v39.i3.30
• Amano, Ryoichi S., Yi-Hsin Yen, and Michael L. Hamman. 2014. “Solid-Fuel Rocket Motor Efficiency Improvement Scheme.” In Novel Combustion Concepts for Sustainable Energy Development. Springer India. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2211-8_23
• Amar, S., and Gowtham Manikanta Reddy Tamanampudi. 2012. “Air Breathing Rocket Engines and Sustainable Launch Systems.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 232: 310–15. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.310
• Amaral, Lucas Gomes do, Victor Santoro Santiago, and André Luiz Tenório Rezende. 2026. “Aerodynamic and Ballistic Analysis of a 155 Mm Rocket-Assisted Projectile.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10549610/v1
• Amazigo, J. C., and B. Budiansky. 1973. “Discussion: “Buckling of a Long, Axially Compressed, Thin Cylindrical Shell with Random Initial Imperfections” (Van Slooten, R. a., and Soong, T. T., 1972, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 39, Pp. 1066–1071).” Journal of Applied Mechanics 40 (2): 634–35. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423050
• Amberkar, Nikita, Vijay Vishal Duraisamy, Melisa Mastroliberti, et al. 2020. “Suborbital Payload Testing aboard Level 3 Rocket Research Platform.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0070
• Ammons, R. 1973. “Low Level Wind Measurement Error as It Affects Sounding Rocket Dispersion.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-296. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-296
• Ammons, R., C. Hoult, and P. Sollow. 1970a. “Recent Advances in the Theory of Sounding Rocket Dispersion Analysis.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1379. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1379
• Ammons, R., C. Hoult, and P. Sollow. 1970b. “Reduction of Sounding Rocket Dispersion through the Use of an Optimumwind Filter.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1394. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1394
• An, Won Geun. 2003. “An Experimental Study for the Heat Flux in Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 31 (3): 65–71. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2003.31.3.065
• An, Liangang, Mingxing Yang, Xin Qi, Ke Wang, and Sujia Gui. 2019. “Rigid Falling Sphere Technics in Air Observation.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 39 (5): 655. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2019.05.655
• “Analysis of a New Concept Rocket Nozzle.” 1960. In Liquid Rockets And Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864759.0669.0682
• Analysis of the Working Characteristics of the Parachute System. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119237358.ch2
• “Analytical Models for Hybrid Rockets.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0207.0246
• Anandaraj, A., Sunetra Sarkar, D. K. Joshi, and K. M. Rajan. 2019. “Effect of Fin Cant Angle on Coning Stability of an Unguided Artillery Rocket.” In 31st International Symposium on Ballistics. DEStech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2019/33118
• Anderson, Adrian. 1958. Aerodynamic Test Results of Two Configurations of a Proposed Bomber Defense Missile at Supersonic Speeds. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0305026
• Anderson, A. 1961. Investigation of Static Stability and Aerodynamic Effects of Control Jets on a 1/3-SCALE Pye Wacket Missile at Supersonic Speeds. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0322137
• Anderson, R. A. 1962. Forced Flexural Motion of a Rocket-Boosted Vehicle. NASA-CR-68534. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003869
• Anderson, R. 1964. “Theory of Ignition and Ignition Propagation of Solid Propellants in a Flow Environment.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-157. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-157
• Anderson, J. G. 1971. “Rocket Measurement of OH in the Mesosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 76. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720027246
• Anderson, K. A. 1972. “Instrumentation for Balloon and Rocket Experiments.” Space Science Reviews 13. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720057951
• Anderson, D. N., W. H. Bennett, and L. C. Hale. 1964a. Density of the Ionized Upper Atmosphere to 5500 Kilometers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4584552
• Anderson, J. E., H. F. Brady, and O. L. Scott. 1967. Advanced Pressurization Systems for Cryogenic Propellants Final Report, 20 Nov. 1963: 25 Jun. 1965. NASA-CR-54467. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670007276
• Anderson, R., R. Brown, and R. Ebeling. 1963. “Theory of Hypergolic Ignition of Solid Propellants.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-514
• Anderson, R., R. Brown, and L. Shannon. 1964b. “Ignition Theory of Solid Propellants.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-156. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-156
• Anderson, A. D., and P. M. Chung. 1963. Heat Transfer around Blunt Bodies with Surfaces of Finite Catalytic Efficiency in Frozen Dissociated Hypersonic Flow. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630021577
• Anderson, W., N. Groom, and C. Woolley. 1978. “The Annular Suspension and Pointing System.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1310
• Anderson, William E., Stephen D. Heister, and Steven S. Son. 2013. Fuel Chemistry and Combustion Distribution Effects on Rocket Engine Combustion Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada577052
• Anderson, William E., Stephen D. Heister, and Steven S. Son. 2015. Fuel Chemistry and Combustion Distribution Effects on Rocket Engine Combustion Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1001343
• Anderson, L., and L. Ljunge. 1979. “Recent Applications of the S19 Guidance Systemboost Control System for Sounding Rockets.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-499. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-499
• Anderson, M., R. McAmis, C. Bracier, J. Drakes, D. Brown, and R. Howard. 1996. “Advanced Measurement Diagnostics for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Anomaly Investigation and Health Monitoring.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2613. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2613
• Anderson, William, Harry Ryan, Robert Santoro, and Ross Hewitt. 1995. “Combustion Instability Mechanisms in Liquid Rocket Engines Using Impinging Jet Injectors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2357. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2357
• Anderson, William E., Steven F. Son, and Stephen D. Heister. 2012. Fuel Chemistry and Combustion Distribution Effects on Rocket Engine Combustion Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada566310
• Andersson, J., and T. Forsell. 1979. “A Survey of Subsystems Used in Swedish Sounding Rocket Payloads.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-518
• Andi Wira Satria, Edi Sofyan, and Muhammad Fa’iz Alfatih. 2026. “Analysis of the Effect of Fin Design Variations on Drag Coefficient and Drag Force on RX-450 Rocket Using CFD Simulation.” Jurnal Rekayasa Mesin 21 (2): 191–206. https://doi.org/10.32497/jrm.v21i2.7214
• Andreev, Anatolij, Viktor Chepkin, and Thomas Fanciullo. 1995. “Auto Vibration of Coax Injector Elements of O2/H2 Staged Combustion Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2837
• Andreeva, L. A., and Yu. D. Ilyichev. 1974. “Results of Simultaneous Wind Velocity Profile Measurement in the Lower Thermosphere by the Meteor Radar and Rocket Methods.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-057
• Andrews, J. 1996. “Performance Analysis of a First Stage Rocket Powered Bounceback Trajectory for RLV Applications.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2772. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2772
• Andrews, Larry C. 2019. “Atmospheric Structure with Altitude.” In Field Guide to Atmospheric Optics, Second Edition. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2318080.ch2
• Andrews, J., and D. Andrews. 2000. “Low Cost Options for 2nd and 3rd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicles.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3824. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3824
• Andreyev, Alexey, Vyacheslav Somsikov, Vitaliy Kapytin, and Yekaterina Chsherbulova. 2025. “Estimation of Ionosphere Electron Density Structure Related to the Solar Terminator.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202509.2569.v1
• Andria, Novi. 2013. “Flutter Analysis of RX-420 Balistic Rocket Fin Involving Rigid Body Modes of Rocket Structures.” Makara Journal of Technology 15 (2): 107. https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v15i2.926
• Andriievskyi, M. V., Yu. A. Mitikov, and D. A. Shamrovskyi. 2018. “Control Peculiarities of Rocket Engine Which Runs on Ecologically-Friendly Storable Propellant.” Herald of Aeroenginebuilding 0 (1). https://doi.org/10.15588/1727-0219-2018-1-2
• Andrus, J. S., and R. G. Bordeau. 1989. Thrust Chamber Material Technology Program. NASA-CR-187207. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920015957
• Angelus, T. 1964. “Chuffing and Nonacoustic Instability Phenomena in Solid Propellant Rockets.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-148. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-148
• Ankalkhope, Suhas, Sandeep Jose, Amal S. Siju, and Kiran D. Mali. 2021. “The Effect of Dynamic Snapping on Critical Buckling Load Prediction of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell Using Energy Barrier Method.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-4684-0_39
• Anthony, Marvin, and William Epler. 1967a. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Yuma, 16-19 November 1966). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662719
• Anthony, Marvin, and William Epler. 1967b. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Yuma, 26-27 October 1966). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662727
• Anti Tip-Off Device. 1997. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada334927
• Antoniuk, David, and John Pohner. 1991. “Development of an Oxygen Axial Groove Heatpipe for a Microgravity Flight Experiment.” In 26th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1991-1357. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1357
• Antony, Tarun, and Cody Waldecker. 2023. “Proof and Process of Calculating the Geometries for a Rocket Nozzle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.417
• Aogaki, Takuya, Keiichi Kitamura, and Satoshi Nonaka. 2017. “Computational Study of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Reusable Rocket at High-Angle-of-Attack.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-1212. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1212
• Aol, Sharon, Stephan Buchert, and Edward Jurua. 2019. “Traits of Sub-Kilometer F-Region Irregularities as Seen with the Swarm Satellites.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-50
• Appel, M. A., and D. F. Weitzel. 1965. Propellant Tank Pressurization System Patent. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-XNP-00650. North American Aviation, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710019453
• Appendix a Standard Atmosphere Tables. 2021. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118949818.app1
• “Appendix a. the Standard Atmosphere Model.” 2011. In Steady Aircraft Flight and Performance. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400839063-017
• “Appendix B: Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0573.0576
• “Appendix C: Rocket Engine Materials.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0399.0403
• Appendix K: Predicting Rocket Launch Reliability – Case Study. 2008. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470714461.app11
• “Appendix: Upper Air and Surface Wind Observations.” 1957. Tellus 9 (4): 558–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1957.tb01919.x
• Appich, W., Jr., and D. Tipping. 1977. “Plume-Induced Loading during a Tube Launch of a Free Rocket.” In 15th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1977-81. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-81
• “Application of Probabilistic Methods for the Analysis of Space Shuttle Launch Area Risk (PSAM-0374).” 2006. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management (PSAM). ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.802442.paper112
• “Applications of Combustion-Stability Technology to Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1992. In Nonsteady Burning and Combustion Stability of Solid Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866159.0781.0804
• Arai, Riichiro. 1962. “Stresses, Deformations and Vibrations of the Circular Cylindrical Shell Reinforced by Cross Circular Discs, and Its Elastic Buckling Strength When Axially Compressed.” Transactions of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers 1962 (84): 29–70. https://doi.org/10.2208/jscej1949.1962.84_29
• Arai, Norio, and Kensaku Suzuki. 2005. “Inflation Process and Free Oscillation of Flexible Parachute-like Body.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1610. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1610
• Araujo, Thais, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, Fernando De Souza Costa, and Guilherme Engler. 2017. “Building and Testing of a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor for Acquisition of Regression Rate Equations.” In Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanicl Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0571
• Arbocz, J. 1971. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Imperfect Cylindrical Shells.” In 12th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1971-358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-358
• Arbocz, J., and E. E. Sechler. 1974. “On the Buckling of Axially Compressed Imperfect Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 41 (3): 737–43. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423381
• Arbocz, J., P. G. Vermeulen, and J. Van Geer. 1988. “The Buckling of Axially Compressed Imperfect Shells with Elastic Edge Supports.” In Studies in Applied Mechanics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-70474-0.50007-0
• “The ARC AS Meteorological Rocket System.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0063.0077
• Ardema, M. D. 1979. Singular Perturbations and the Sounding Rocket Problem. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800040098
• Arens, M. 1964. “Turbulent Shock-Wave Boundary Layer Separation and Overexpanded Nozzle Flow.” In XIIIth International Astronautical Congress Varna 1962 / XIIIe Congrès International D’astronautique / XIII MeждyhapoдhbiЙ ҚohГpecc Пo ActpohabtИқe. Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4687-3_16
• Arisandi, Effendi Dodi. 2017. “Sistem Pengaman Power Shape-Charge Pada Flight Termination System (Power Shape Charge Security System on Flight Termination System).” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 15 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2017.v15.a2484
• Arisandi, Effendi Dodi. 2020a. “Increasing Data Telemetri Sounding Rocket Lapan with Pulse Code Modulation Methode.” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2020.v18.a3353
• Arisandi, Effendi Dodi. 2020b. “Preliminary Design of Pulse Code Modulation Encoder for Telemetry Data Rocket.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2232. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0006764
• Armand, Sasan C. 2013. “Validation of CFD Analyses of a Rigid Tension Cone Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1319
• Armen, Jerald. 2010. Dynamic Analysis of Sounding Rocket Pneumatic System Revision. Northrop Grumman Space Technologies. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110007991
• Armendariz, Manuel, Frank Hansen, and Patsy S. Carnes. 1963. Wind Variability and Its Effect on Rocket Impact Prediction. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0295599
• Armstrong, D. L. 1952. Investigation of Liquid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0009863
• Armstrong, W. H. 1979. Structural Analysis of Cylindrical Thrust Chambers, Volume 1. NASA-CR-159522. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790010902
• Armstrong, Elizabeth. 1989. “Liquid Oxygen Cooling of Hydrocarbon Fueled Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2739. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2739
• Armstrong, D. L., and S. B. Kilner. 1953. Investigation of Liquid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0009747
• Armstrong, Elizabeth S., and Julie A. Schlumberger. 1990. “Cooling of Rocket Thrust Chambers with Liquid Oxygen.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900013289
• Arnaud, Keith A., Randall K. Smith, and Aneta Siemiginowska. 2011. Handbook of X-Ray Astronomy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110007975
• Arnd, Ramona, Clark Hawk, Barry Allan, and Norman Logan. 1995. “Compatibility of 1100 and 2014 Aluminum Alloys with Several Gelled IRFNA Systems (Rocket Propellant Oxidizer Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid).” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2533. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2533
• Arnett, Stephen. 1993. “Solid Rocket Motor Integration on the Atlas/Centaur Launch Vehicle.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2321
• Arnold, R. 1973. “Computerized Method for Designing Plate Type Sounding Rocket Fins.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-285. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-285
• Arnold, Graham S. 1998. “Spacecraft Contamination Model Development.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3427, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, William E. McClintock, Gary J. Rottman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328499
• Arnoldy, Roger L. 1994. “The Microphysics of Particle Acceleration in the Auroral Ionosphere: Why Sounding Rocket Measurements Are Essential.” In ESA, Proceedings of the 11th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950005681
• Arnoldy, R. L., and L. W. Choy. 1973. “Auroral Electrons of Energy Less than 1 keV Observed at Rocket Altitudes.” Journal of Geophysical Research 78. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730045167
• Arnoldy, R. L., S. R. Kane, and J. R. Winckler. 1968. “The Observation of 10–50 KeV Solar Flare X-Rays by the OGO Satellites and Their Correlation with Solar Radio and Energetic Particle Emission.” In Structure and Development of Solar Active Regions. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6815-1_74
• Arnoult, Guillaume, Mickael Zeidler, and Eric Garnier. 2018. “Optimization Methodology for a 2-D Course Correction of a 155 Mm Spin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-3950. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3950
• Arnoult, Guillaume, Mickael Zeidler, and Eric Garnier. 2019. “Aerodynamic Coefficient Reconstruction of a Controlled Spin Stabilized Projectile Using Mono and Multi Fidelity Surrogate Models.” In 31st International Symposium on Ballistics. DEStech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2019/33115
• Arrington, Lynn, and Steven Schneider. 1990. “Low Thrust Rocket Test Facility.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2503
• Arritt, R., R. Rasmussen, J. Jerger, and C. Hoult. 1973. “ARIES, the Minuteman I Second Stage as a Controlled Sound Rocket.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-287. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-287
• Artono, Endro, and Salman Salman. 2019. “Sistem Penyala Nirkabel Jarak Jauh Untuk Muatan Roket (Wireless Switching for Rocket Payload).” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 16 (2): 101. https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2018.v16.a2976
• Artono, Endro, Rachmat Sunarya, Hendra Gantina, and Wely Pasadena. 2020. “Power Control System for the RX-320 Atmospheric Payload Sounding Rocket.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2232. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0002359
• Arves, Joe, Michael Gnau, Darren Kearney, and Keith Joiner. 2003. “Hybrid Sounding Rocket(HYSR)Program.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5199
• As’ad, Faisal, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, and Marcus Lobbia. 2022. “Validation of a High-Fidelity Supersonic Parachute Inflation Dynamics Model and Best Practice.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0351. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0351
• As’ad, Faisal, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, Marcus Lobbia, and Navid Ataei. 2024. “Sensitivity Analysis and Validation of a Computational Framework for Supersonic Parachute Inflation Dynamics.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4656. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4656
• Asamura, Aya, Hidenori Hasegawa, Shin’Ichi Goto, et al. 2024. Japan’s First in-Flight Experimentation of Autonomous Flight Termination Software Using a Sounding Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0048
• Asanuma, T., and T. Nomura. 1976. “Japanese Sounding Rocket Activities.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1976-1876. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1876
• Ashburn, Edward V. 1961. History of the Nots Research Program on the Physics of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0259732
• Ashihara, Y., K. Ishisaka, and T. Miyake. 2016. “Estimate of aDregion Ionospheric Electron Density Profile from MF Radio Wave Observations by the S-310-37 Rocket: ESTIMATION OF ADREGION ELECTRON DENSITY.” Radio Science 51 (1): 40–46. https://doi.org/10.1002/2015rs005851
• Ashneel Sharan. 2022. “Analyzing the Effects of Geomagnetic Storms on the F2-Region Ionosphere in South Pacific Region.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 62 (6): 802–14. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793222060147
• “Assessment of Small Rocket Flight Experiments to Obtain Nonequilibrium Radiation Data.” 1993. In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-143
• “Assessment of Thrust Chamber Performance.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0601.0620
• Astorg, J., and Fde Barreau, luiver, C. 1995. “The Ariane 5 Solid Rocket Booster Recovery: A Technical and Managerial Challenge.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1532. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1532
• “Asymmetric Nose-Tip Shape Change during Atmospheric Entry.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0311.0327
• Atamanchuk, Ivan. 2025. “Optimization of the Rocket Engine Body Mass Taking into Account Its Heat-Protective Coating.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-024
• Athiray, P. S., Patrick Champey, Amy Winebarger, et al. n.d. “The Third Flight of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer (MaGIXS-3).” In 54th Meeting of the solar physics division. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230012077
• Athiray, Subramania, Lindsay Glesener, Sam Krucker, et al. 2017. “Calibration of the Hard x-Ray Detectors for the FOXSI Solar Sounding Rocket.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XX, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2273915
• Atkinson, Joseph, Daniel Henderickson, and Daniel Kirk. 2007. “A Demonstration and Roadmap for Enabling University Rocket Launch from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5163. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5163
• Atlantic Research Corp Alexandria VA. 1962. Internal Reinforcement of Solid Propellant Rocket Grains. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0337678
• “Attitude Controlled Skylark Rockets.” 1986. In History of British Space Science. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898075.012
• Attitude Determination Hardware. 1997. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511815652.013
• “Attitude Determination Systems for Agile Spacecraft.” 1979. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1697. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1697
• Atwood, A. I., K. P. Ford, and C. J. Wheeler. 2013. “High-Pressure Burning Rate Studies of Solid Rocket Propellants.” In Progress in Propulsion Physics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201304003
• Auchere, Frederic, Donald M. Hassler, David C. Slater, and Thomas N. Woods. 1999. “SwRI/LASP Sounding Rocket Intercalibration with the EIT Instrument on Board SoHO.” In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Kathryn A. Flanagan. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366516
• Auman, Lamar, and Brett Wilks. 2003. “Supersonic and Hypersonic Minimum Drag for Bodies of Revolution.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3417. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3417
• Aungst, W. 1964. “Acoustic Erosivity Effects on Solid Propellant Burning Rates.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-142. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-142
• “The Aurora, the Substorm, and the E Region.” 2002. In The High-Latitude Ionosphere and its Effects on Radio Propagation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511535758.008
• Avanzini, G. 2023. “A Tool for Risk Assessment after a Catastrophic Event during Suborbital Flight Operations.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 37. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-25
• Aydın, Berk, and Hakkı Özgür Ünver. 2022. “Modeling and Verification of Firing Dynamics of a Multiple Launch Rocket System.” In Volume 5: Dynamics, Vibration, and Control. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-95035
• Ayokunnu, Olalekan David, Oluseyi Enitan Ogunsola, Jacob Olusegun Adeniyi, and Ismail Adekunle Animasaun. 2023. “The Latitudinal Effect on True Height of the Electron Density Profile in the Bottom Side of the F2 Layer of an Equatorial Region.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-107
• Ayres, Langdon F. 1962. “Solid Propellant Boosters for Manned Space Flight.” In Proceedings of the National Meeting on Manned Space Flight (Unclassified Portion). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620004489
• Ayris, J., and S. Petrovic. 1990. “Erosive Burning in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2215. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2215
• AytaÇ, Zeynep, and Fatih AktaŞ. 2020. “Utilization of CFD for the Aerodynamic Analysis of a Subsonic Rocket.” Politeknik Dergisi 23 (3): 879–87. https://doi.org/10.2339/politeknik.711003
• Azad, Ali Imani, and Rigoberto Burgueño. 2021. “Semi-Analytical Model to Predict the Elastic Post-Buckling Response of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with Tailored Distributed Stiffness.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 88 (9): 091006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051093
• Azami, Muhammad H., Nur Arifah Mohamad Jamil, Mai Nurul Fareesya Mohamad Anuar, Norhuda Hidayah Nordin, and Izham I. Ismail. 2023a. “Investigation of Hybrid Rocket Motor Regression Rate Doped with High Entropy Metallic Additives.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0891. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0891
• Azami, Muhammad H., Muhammad Ezamuddin Ezzad Sabri, Mohammad Amirul Qayyum Roslan, and Zuraidah Salleh. 2023b. “Regression Rate End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Doped with High Entropy Metallic Additives.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0893. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0893
• Babb, C. D., and D. E. Fuller. 1967. Static Stability Investigation of a Sounding-Rocket Vehicle at Mach Numbers from 1.50 to 4.63. NASA-TN-D-4014. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670020031
• Baber, Hal, Jr. 1967. “Definition of a Rocket Vehicle for Synoptic Meteorological Soundings.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1306. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1306
• Babish, Charles, III. 1966. “Drag Let-l Staging through Modification of Supersonic Wake Fiews by Trailing Aerodynamic Decelerators.” In Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1966-1506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1506
• Bacchus, D. L., D. A. Kross, and R. D. Moog. 1985. “The Aerodynamic Challenges of SRB Recovery.” In NASA. Johnson Space Center Space Shuttle Tech. Conf., Pt. 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850008599
• Bacchus, D., J. Vickers, and J. Foughner Jr. 1975. “Wind Tunnel Investigation of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Drogue Parachutes and Deployment Concepts.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1366. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1366
• Bachrach, William. 1987. “Material Development and the Solid Rocket Motor.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1819. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1819
• Backer, W., and F. van Zanten. 2022. “Composite Sounding Rocket Payloads: A Structural Design Study.” In CAMX 2022. NA SAMPE. https://doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/c.22.0022
• Backlund, Stanley, and Loman Park. 1989. “Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Status.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2317. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2317
• Baczynski, Christopher. 2022. “Effects of Grain Geometry and Vibration on the Suppression of Combustion Instability in a Solid Rocket Motor.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14661933.v1
• Baczynski, Chris, and David Greatrix. 2008. “Grain Geometry Modifications for Instability Symptom Suppression in Solid Rocket Motor.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4600. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4600
• Badinand, T., and T. Fransson. 2002. “Study of Radiative Heat Transfer in Film Cooled LH/LO Rocket Engines Thrust Chamber.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-920. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-920
• Badrinarayanan, A. S., and A. Anandaraj. 2022. “Designing the Roll Characteristics & Pitch-Roll Lock-in of an Unguided Artillery Rocket by Tailoring the Chamfer on Fins.” In Proceedings of the 32nd International Symposium on Ballistics. Destech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics22/36129
• Bae, Dae Seok, Hyun Ah Choi, Ho Dong Kam, and Jeong Soo Kim. 2014. “A Computational Study on the Shock Structure and Thrust Performance of a Supersonic Nozzle with Overexpanded Flow.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 18 (4): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2014.18.4.001
• Baer, A., and N. Ryan. 1964. “Ignition of Composite Propellants by Low Radiant Fluxes.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-119. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-119
• Baetz, Jay G. 1974. Experimental Evaluation of Coated Graphite ICBM Rocket Nozzle Throat Inserts. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0783200
• Baetz, Jay G. 1975. Characterization of Advanced Solid Rocket Nozzle Materials. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada020041
• Baetz, J. 1976. “Characterization of Advanced Solid Rocket Nozzle Materials.” In 14th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1976-195. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-195
• Bai, Taeil. 1988. Directionality of Continuum Gamma Rays from Solar Flares. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada199379
• Bai, Jianhui, and Qinxin Kong. 1998. “Observation and Analysis of Solar Spectral Radiation in Solar Eclipse at Mohe.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3501. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317737
• Bailey, R. 1986. “A High Performance Guidance System for Sounding Rockets.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2522. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2522
• Bailey, Scott Martin. 1995. “Response of the Upper Atmosphere to Variations in the Solar Soft x-Ray Irradiance.” PhD diss., Colorado Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960012265
• Bailey, Morgan. 2020. “Frequent and Reliable Launch for Small Satellites: Rocket Lab’s Electron Launch Vehicle and Photon Spacecraft.” In Handbook of Small Satellites. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20707-6_91-1
• Bailey, R., J. Murphy, and A. Villars Jr. 1986. “An All Aluminum Propellant Tank.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1714. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1714
• Baily, Norman A., and Frederick W. Cleary. 1962. A Solid State Rocket Radiation Detection System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0295747
• Baines, D. 1967. “Aeroelasticity as a Consideration in Aerodynamic Design of Rolling, Unguided, Research Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1339
• Bairamov, Farit D., and Bulat F. Bairamov. 2022. “Optimal Stabilization of Operation of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Trudy MAI, no. 125. https://doi.org/10.34759/trd-2022-125-03
• Baird, J., and W. Bergman. 1970. “Development of the Black Brant IIIB Single Stage Sounding Rocket.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1396. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1396
• Bajt, Saša. n.d. “Optics Contamination.” In EUV Lithography. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/3.769214.ch6a
• Baker, B. B. 1958. “Rapid Estimation of Hydrofluoric Acid in Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Analytical Chemistry 30 (6): 1085–86. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60138a025
• Baker, R. 1969. “Prediction of Flight Performance of a Throttling, Ablative Rocket Engine.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-452. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-452
• Baker, C. 1995. “High Temperature Composites for SSTO Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2949. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2949
• Baker, D. C., and L. L. Galigher. 1960. Investigation of Static Stability and Aerodynamic Effects of Control Jets on a 1/3-SCALE Pye Wacket Missile at Transonic Mach Numbers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0320438
• Baker, Donald L., and Warren L. Phillips. 1953. Loki Wind Response Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0010029
• Baker, Doran J., and A. T. Stair. 1988. “Rocket Measurements of the Altitude Distributions of the Hydroxyl Airglow.” Physica Scripta 37 (4): 611–22. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/37/4/021
• Bakulin, V. N., S. V. Borzykh, and K. V. Tereshina. 2021. “Analytical Estimates of the Fairing Flaps Separation Dynamics of the Rocket and Space Systems.” Russian Aeronautics 64 (3): 376–84. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799821030028
• Balach, Dean. 1995. “Flight Safety Programs and Enhancements for Sounding Rockets at Wallops Flight Facility.” In ESA, Proceedings of 12th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programmes and Related Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960014386
• Baldwin, Michael, Andre Leclair, and Alok Majumdar. n.d.-a. “Nodal Modeling of Submerged Helium Injection Pressurization of a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In 30th Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230010343
• Baldwin, Michael, Alok K. Majumdar, and Andre LeClair. 2023. “Nodal Numerical Modeling of Submerged Helium Injection in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0847. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0847
• Baldwin, Michael, Sarah Nguyen, Brian Hamill, Andre LeClair, and Alok Majumdar. n.d.-b. “Single and Multi-Node Modeling of Direct, Submerged, and Self-Pressurization of a Cryogenic Propellant Tank Using Nodal Tools.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230008395
• Balepin, V. 2001. “Liquid Air Augmented Rocket Engine for a Small Reusable SSTO Launcher (More Rocket than Any Rocket-Based Combined Cycle).” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3236
• Baliukin, Igor, Jean-Loup Bertaux, Maciej Bzowski, et al. 2022. “Backscattered Solar Lyman-α Emission as a Tool for the Heliospheric Boundary Exploration.” Space Science Reviews 218 (5): 45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11214-022-00913-3
• Ballard, Harold N. 1967. “The Measurement of Temperature in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 6 (1): 150–63. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0150:tmotit>2.0.co;2
• “A Balloon-Borne Payload for Imaging Hard X-Rays and Gamma Rays from Solar Flares.” 1991. In International Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-3653. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3653
• Balsley, B. B., W. L. Ecklund, and D. C. Fritts. 1984. “VHF Echoes from the Arctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere, Part I: Observations.” In Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6390-0_5
• Baltrukonis, J. H. 1967. The Dynamics of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670042154
• Banacka, Natalia, Dariusz Sokołowski, and Mirosław Szczepanik. 2024. “Testing Properties of Selected Polymer Materials for Ablative Layers in Rocket Solid Fuel Motors.” Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia 168 (1): 113–31. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0054.4796
• Bancroft, C., and G. Williams. 1981. “In-Flight Pressure-Time Recording for Short Burning-Time Rocket Motors.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1551. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1551
• Bandgren, H. J., and W. C. Smith. 1973. Development and Application of Vibroacoustic Structural Data Banks in Predicting Vibration Design and Test Criteria for Rocket Vehicle Structures. NASA-TN-D-7159. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730012187
• Bandyopadhyay, Alak, Alok K. Majumdar, Andre C. Leclair, and Juan G. Valenzuela. 2019. Multi-Node Modeling of Cryogenic Tank Pressurization System Using Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program. M19-7155. Alabama Agricultural and Mechanical Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190030419
• Banerjee, A., and L. Utreja. 1975. “Drogue Parachute Deployment Dynamics of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1383. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1383
• Banks, P. M. 1980. “Energy Sources of the High Latitude Upper Atmosphere.” In Exploration of the Polar Upper Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8417-2_8
• Banks, William O. 1992. Attitude Control for a Meteorological Rocket. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0281711
• Banks, Peter M., and Robert W. Schunk. 1974. Topside Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada012353
• Baralle, D., and J. Fournier. 1989. “Propellant Tank for Telecommunication Platforms.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2761
• Barbato, V. 2023. “Conjugate Heat Transfer Applied to Transitory Analysis for Rocket Engine Cooling Systems Design.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 37. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-45
• Barbee, Troy W., Jr., J. W. Weed, Richard B. Hoover, et al. 1991. “Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array. II: Soft X-ray/EUV Reflectivity of the Multilayer Mirrors.” Optical Engineering 30. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910064260
• Barbee, Troy W., Jr., J. W. Weed, Richard B. C. Hoover Jr., et al. 1992. “The Multi-Spectral Solar Telescope Array. II: Soft X-ray/EUV Reflectivity of the Multilayer Mirrors.” In In: Multilayer and grazing incidence X-ray(EUV optics; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-24, 1991 (A93-39658 15-74). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930055688
• Barbosa, Alexandre N., José Demisio S. da Silva, and Rafael Santos. 2016. “Use of Neural Networks in Sounding Rocket Trajectory Reconstitution.” In Anais do 8. Congresso Brasileiro de Redes Neurais. SBRN. https://doi.org/10.21528/cbrn2007-014
• Barczyński, Krzysztof. 2017. “Small-Scale Structures in the Upper Atmosphere of the Sun.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.53846/goediss-6337
• Bardina, Jorge, and Rajkumar Thirumalainambi. 2004. Internet Based Simulations of Debris Dispersion of Shuttle Launch. 2004-01-3082. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050009930
• Bareiss, L. 1978. “Verification Approach for the Shuttle/Payload Contamination Evaluation Computer Program: Spacelab Induced Environment.” In 10th Space Simulation Conference. AIAA 1978-1606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1606
• Barjatya, Aroh, Robert Clayton, Shantanab Debchoudhury, et al. 2024. APEP: Eclipse Sounding Rocket Campaign. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-13772
• Barker, Connor R., and Eloise Ann Marais. 2026. Tracking Rocket Launch and Spacecraft Re-Entry Emissions across the Space Age. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-19738
• Barnard, G. 1986. “Analysis of the Distribution of Load among the Lines of an Inflatingcruciform Parachute.” In 9th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1986-2441. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2441
• Barnes, D. R., L. L. Mitchum, and M. Sevik. 1964. Design of a Separating High-Altitude Probe. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650028439
• Baron, Philippe, Satoshi Ochiai, É. Dupuy, et al. 2020. “Potential for the Measurement of Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) Wind, Temperature, Density and Geomagnetic Field with Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder 2 (SMILES-2).” Atmospheric measurement techniques 13 (1): 219–37. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-219-2020
• Barrett, R. E. 1963. Techniques for Predicting Localized Vibratory Environments of Rocket Vehicles. NASA-TN-D-1836. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630012009
• Barrington, A. E. 1965. Measurement of Upper Atmosphere Helium Profile Final Report. NASA-CR-70944. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660010789
• Barrowman, James S. 1967. “The Practical Calculation of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of Slender Finned Vehicles.” PhD diss., Catholic Univ. of America. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010047838
• Barrowman, J. 1982. Aerodynamics of Sounding-Rocket Geometries. GSC-12680. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810000074
• Barsi, Stephen, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2007. “Validation of Tank Self-Pressurization Models in Normal Gravity.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-952
• Barsi, Stephen, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2008b. “Numerical Simulations of the Zero Boil-Off Tank Experiment.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-810. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-810
• Barsi, Stephen, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2013a. “Investigation of Tank Pressurization and Pressure Control—Part I: Experimental Study.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 5 (4): 041005. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4023891
• Barsi, Stephen, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2013b. “Investigation of Tank Pressurization and Pressure Control—Part II: Numerical Modeling.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 5 (4): 041006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4023892
• Barsi, S., Mohammed Kassemi, C. Panzarella, and J. I. D. Alexander. 2005. “A Tank Self-Pressurization Experiment Using a Model Fluid in Normal Gravity.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-1143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1143
• Barth, Charles A. 1964. “Rocket Measurement of the Nitric Oxide Dayglow.” Journal of Geophysical Research 69 (15): 3301–3. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz069i015p03301
• Barth, C. A. 1966a. Nitric Oxide in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660057061
• Barth, C. A., R. T. Brinkmann, and A. E. S. Green. 1966. A Digitalized Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum. NASA-CR-77355. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025410
• Barthelemy, Jean-Francois, James Rogers Jr., and Kwan Chang. 1987. “Structural Optimization of an Alternate Design for the Space Shuttlesolid Rocket Booster Field Joint.” In 28th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1987-702. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-702
• Bartoe, J.-D. 1982. “Conversion of a Sounding Rocket Payload to the Shuttle/Spacelab Problems and Payoffs.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1709. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1709
• Bartoo, E. R., R. J. Rollbuhler, and W. A. Tomazic. 1960. Experiments with Hydrogen and Oxygen in Regenerative Engines at Chamber Pressures from 100 to 300 Pounds per Square Inch Absolute. NASA-TM-X-253. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660024054
• Bartz, D. R. 1965. “Turbulent Boundary-Layer Heat Transfer from Rapidly Accelerating Flow of Rocket Combustion Gases and of Heated Air.” In Advances in Heat Transfer. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0065-2717(08)70261-2
• Basavaiah, Nathani. 2011. “Upper Atmosphere Studies.” In Geomagnetism. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0403-9_8
• Basciano, T. 1998. “Sounding Rocket Flight Experiment for Undergraduates.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-818
• Basil, Noorulden. 2023. “Rocket Control System Implementation with Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2478918/v1
• Baskaran, Roshan Vignesh, Ukeshkumar Harisrinivasan, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018a. “Design Optimization of a Truncated Aero Spike Nozzle Facilitated with Convex-Shaped Tip for Thrust Escalation Using Expansion Waves.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4862. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4862
• Baskaran, Roshan Vignesh, Ukeshkumar Harisrinivasan, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018b. “Geometry Optimization of a Pintle Nozzle for Augmented Thrust Vectoring and Steering Using Expansion Waves.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4206. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4206
• Basore, B. L. 1968. A Relook at Rocket Radar Ground Echo Data. NASA-CR-73735. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690007611
• Bass, James N., Robert L. Geddes, Frank R. Roberts, and Edward C. Robinson. 1981. Analysis and Programming for Research in the Physics of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada113932
• Bass, James N., and Frank R. Roberts. 1984. Analysis and Programming for Research in the Physics of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada144203
• Bastin, Paul H., and Donald L. Edberg. 1994. “Microgravity Payload Vibration Isolation System Development.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/941416
• Batchelor, J. 1964. “Failure Mechanisms in Dense Tungsten Alloy Rocket Nozzles.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-103. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-103
• Bates, Howard F., and Robert D. Hunsucker. 1974. “Quiet and Disturbed Electron Density Profiles in the Auroral Zone Ionosphere.” Radio Science 9 (4): 455–67. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs009i004p00455
• Batiuk, George, and James H. Henderson. 1976. A Summary of Jet Plume Effects on the Stability Characteristics of a Body of Revolution with Various Fin Configurations at Mach Numbers from 0.2 to 2.3 (Normal Jet Plume Simulator). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada037356
• Batterman, S. C. 1968a. “Closure to ‘Discussion of ‘Free-Edge Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells’’ (1968, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 35, Pp. 621–622).” Journal of Applied Mechanics 35 (3): 622–622. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3601274
• Batterman, S. C. 1968b. “Free-Edge Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 35 (1): 73–79. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3601176
• Bauer, Thomas P. 1996. “Low Cost Guidance, Navigation, and Control System for Launch Vehicles.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 361. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.49966
• Bauer, Thomas. 2009. “Building a Low-Cost Space Launch Infrastructure.” In AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2009-6804. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6804
• Bauer, S. J., and R. E. Bourdeau. 1963. Structure of the Upper Atmosphere Deduced from Charged Particle Measurements on Rockets and the Explorer VIII Satellite. NASA-RP-117. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630007230
• Bauer, S. J., and J. E. Jackson. 1962. “Rocket Measurement of the Electron-Density Distribution in the Topside Ionosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 67 (4): 1675–77. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz067i004p01675
• Bauer, S. J., and J. E. Jackson. 1963. A Small Multi-Purpose Rocket Payload for Ionospheric Studies. COSPAR PAPER X-615-63-95. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630022512
• Baughn, J. W. 1964. Snap Fuel Reentry Burnup Experiment in a Hyperthermal Wind Tunnel. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4687694
• Baum, W. A., F. S. Johnson, J. J. Oberly, C. C. Rockwood, C. V. Strain, and R. Tousey. 1946. “Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum to 88 Kilometers.” Physical Review 70 (9–10): 781–82. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.70.781
• Baum, Joseph D., and Jay N. Levine. 1982. Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Solid Rocket Motors: A Numerical Study of Longitudinal Oscillations with Pressure and Velocity Coupling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada115084
• Baum, Joseph D., and Jay N. Levine. 1984. Modeling of Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada176271
• Bauman, William, III, John Madura, and Billie Boyd. 1992. “Near Real-Time High Resolution Upper Air Balloon Measurements for Space Launch Support.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-721. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-721
• Baumann, Robert C. 1961. Vanguard Satellite Separation Mechanisms. NASA-TN-D-497. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228196
• Baumann, Carsten, Antti Kero, Shikha Raizada, et al. 2022. “Arecibo Measurements of D-Region Electron Densities during Sunset and Sunrise: Implications for Atmospheric Composition.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2022-12
• Bawa, Vidit, and Quentin Michalski. 2025. “An Experimental Framework for in-Flight Determination of Rocket Aerodynamic Drag.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-104785. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-104785
• Bazarov, Vladimir. 1998. “Non-Linear Interactions in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Injectors.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4039. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4039
• Bazdrov, I. I., V. S. Bortkevich, and V. N. Khokhlov. 2004. “Software-Hardware Complex for the Input of Telemetric Information Obtained from Rocket Studies of the Radiation of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Optical Technology 71 (10): 691. https://doi.org/10.1364/jot.71.000691
• Beach, S. 1974. “A Dual Actuator Implementation Concept for Fine Pointing Attitude Control Systems.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-877
• Beale, T. R. 1963. Dynamic Stability of a Uniform Free-Free Beam under a Gimbaled Thrust of Periodically Varying Magnitude. NASA-CR-76925. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660023496
• Beals, G., R. Crum, H. Dougherty, D. Hegel, and J. Kelley. 1986. “Space Telescope Precision Pointing Control System.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1986-1981. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1981
• Beavers, Bruce, and James Martin. 1994. “Ice Cannon: A Low-Cost Propellant Launch System.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3022. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3022
• Bechasnov, P. M., and A. M. Ilyin. 2023. “Presumable Principles in Constructing a Low Budget Ultralight Launch Vehicle.” Engineering Journal: Science and Innovation, no. 5 (137). https://doi.org/10.18698/2308-6033-2023-5-2271
• Beck, R. A. S. 1984a. Aerodynamic Heating Computations for Projectiles. Volume 3. BRL Interactive Plotting Program (BRLINPLOT). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada143254
• Beck, Robin A. 1984b. Aerodynamic Heating Computations for Projectiles: Vol. 3: BRL Interactive Plotting Program (BRLINPLOT). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada328840
• Becker, Erich. 2017. “Mean-Flow Effects of Thermal Tides in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74 (6): 2043–63. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0194.1
• Becker, M., R. E. Bourdeau, and T. R. Burnight. 1946. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 2. Part 2. Ionization Experiments in the V-2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb955507
• Beckers, Jacques M., and Harold V. Argo. 1984. “A Solar Lyman Alpha Coronagraph.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0445, edited by Alec Boksenberg, David L. Crawford. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.966162
• Beddini, Robert, and Thomas Owano. 1987. “Analysis of Turbulent Convective and Radiative Heat Transfer in Hightemperature Rocket Chamber Flows.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1770. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1770
• Bedinger, J. F. 1966. Sodium Vapor Experiment Quarterly Progress Report, 1 Jul.: 30 Sep. 1966. NASA-CR-83394. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670013107
• Bedinger, J. F., G. T. Best, and L. G. Smith. 1966. Measurement of Upper Atmospheric Ionization and Winds with a Combined Payload Interim Report. NASA-CR-76462. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660022597
• Bedinger, J. F., H. Knaflich, D. Layzer, and E. Manring. 1968. Upper-Atmosphere Winds and Their Interpretation. I.. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680040120
• Bedinger, J., H. Knaflich, R. Lynch, and E. Manring. 1963. Upper Atmospheric Wind Profiles Determined from Three Rocket Experiments. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630022978
• Bedinger, J. F., and L. G. Smith. 1964. Measurement of Upper Atmospheric Ionization and Winds with a Combined Payload First Quarterly Report, 24 Jul.: 31 Oct. 1964. NASA-CR-67008. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650024262
• Beebe, Stanley Ikuo. n.d. “Hole-Type Aerospike Compound Nozzle Thrust Vectoring.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.136
• Beggs, W. C. 1970. Electron Accelerator for Aerobee 350 Rocket: Description, Development and Flight Performance Final Report. NASA-CR-116087. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710006419
• Behr, Vance. 1989a. “The Development and Testing of the HISAC Parachute Recovery System.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-921. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-921
• Behr, Vance. 1989b. “Measurements of Individual Parachute Loads in a Clustered Parachute System.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-923
• Behr, Vance. 1991. “The Design and Flight Testing of a High-Performance, Low-Cost Parachute System for a 1000 Lb Payload.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-881. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-881
• Behr, Patrick, Nicholas Nell, Nicholas E. Kruczek, Stefan Ulrich, Kevin France, and Brian Fleming. 2023. “The SISTINE-3 Sounding Rocket Payload: Calibration and in-Flight Performance.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676920
• Behr, Vance, Walter Wolfe, Carl Peterson, and Christine Hailey. 1999. “An Overview of the Development of a Vortex Based Inflation Code for Parachute Simulation (VIPAR).” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1726
• Beisler, M., S. Pal, M. Moser, and R. Santoro. 1994. “Shear Coaxial Injector Atomization in a LOX/GH2 Propellant Rocket.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2775. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2775
• Bekka, N., M. Sellam, and A. Chpoun. 2017a. “Adaptation of the Transpiration Method to Simulate the Fluid–Structure Interaction Phenomena for a Flexible Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_11
• Bekka, N., M. Sellam, and A. Chpoun. 2017b. “New Modified Pekkari Model to Analyse the Aeroelastic Stability Behaviour for a Flexible Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_10
• Bell, H., and J. Strock. 1980. Telemetry Computer System at Wallops Flight Center. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820043653
• Belleni-Morante, A., and G. Busoni. 1997. “A Three-Dimensional Boltzmann-like Model of Outgassing and Contamination.” European Journal of Applied Mathematics 8 (2): 229–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0956792596002975
• Belleville, R., and K. Lange. 1971. “Gravity Selection by Animals in Fields of Centrifugal Acceleration Superimposed on Weightlessness during Sounding Rocket Flights.” In Weightlessness and Artificial Gravity Meeting. AIAA 1971-854. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-854
• Bellman, Donald R., Jack C. Humphrey, and Theodore Male. 1953. Photographic Investigation of Combustion in a Two-Dimensional Transparent Rocket Engine. NACA-TR-1134. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930090970
• Beltran, M., and T. Kosvic. 1966. “Parametric Study of Combustion Instability in MMHNTO Liquid Rocket Engine.” In 2nd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1966-603. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-603
• Belyakov, V. A. 2022. “The Choice of the Energy Parameters of an Oxygen-Hydrogen Propellant Expander Cycle Rocket Engine.” Siberian Aerospace Journal 23 (3): 424–36. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2022-23-3-424-436
• Ben-Dor, G., I. Elperin, O. Igra, and E. Vasiliev. 1997. “Gas-Solid Suspension Flow in a Nozzle and the Overexpanded Free Jet.” In Fluids Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0773
• Bendana, F. A., I. C. Sanders, N. G. Stacy, and R. M. Spearrin. 2021. “Localized Characteristic Velocity (c*) for Rocket Combustion Analysis Based on Gas Temperature and Composition via Laser Absorption Spectroscopy.” Measurement Science and Technology 32 (12): 125203. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6501/ac18d3
• Bender, S., M. Sinnhuber, J. P. Burrows, M. Langowski, B. Funke, and M. López-Puertas. 2013. “Retrieval of Nitric Oxide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from SCIAMACHY Limb Spectra.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 6 (9): 2521–31. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-2521-2013
• Benderskyi, Boris, and Alena Chernova. 2020. “Heat Transfer in a Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber While Geometry Changing of the Channel-Slot Solid Fuel Charge.” Trudy MAI, no. 111: 5–5. https://doi.org/10.34759/trd-2020-111-5
• Benhidjeb-Carayon, Alicia, Jason Gabl, and Timothee L. Pourpoint. 2018. “Hypergolic Ignition and Relights of a Paraffin-Based Hybrid Grain.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4661. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4661
• Benkelman, Neil, Russell Berger, Alex Farias, Francesca Frattaroli, Weldon Peterson, and Christopher Willson. 2017. “Design and Manufacture of Liquid Oxygen Propellant Tank for University Rocket.” In AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. AIAA 2017-5134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5134
• Benner, Steve, Gerard Durback, Kimberly Kolos, and Robert Bayt. 1995. “A Breadboard Flight Experiment for Two-Phase Flow Visualization in Microgravity.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-696. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-696
• Bennett, W. R. 1966. “Detection of Quarks in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Physical Review Letters 17 (23): 1196–98. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.17.1196
• Bennewitz, John W., David M. Lineberry, and Robert A. Frederick. 2013. “Investigation of a Single Injector with Applied High Frequency Pressure Disturbances for Applications to Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instabilities.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-3853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3853
• Bennewitz, John, Eugene Lubarsky, Dmitriy Shcherbik, Oleksandr Bibik, and Ben Zinn. 2010. “Asymmetric Injector Distribution for Passive Control of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instabilities.” In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2010-1527. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-1527
• Bensimon, M. 1973. “Dispersion of the Direction of the Angular Momentum Vector of Sounding Rocket Payloads Due to Atmosphere Exit and Certain Vehicle Activities.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038410
• Bensimon, M. 1976. “Predicting a Vehicle’s Attitude Response to a Single Yo Despin.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1976-1853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1853
• Benson, Otis O., and E. L. Harrington. 1953. “Physics and Medicine of the Upper Atmosphere.” American Journal of Physics 21 (4): 319–319. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1933440
• Benson, David, and Paul Mason. 2011. “Method for CFD Simulation of Propellant Slosh in a Spherical Tank.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5681. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5681
• Bentley, Jonathan, Leo Bolshinskiy, Anson R. Koch, William Notardonato, and Daniel Hollibaugh. 2023. “Modeling and Simulation of Tank Pressure Control Using Zero-Boil off Active Thermal Control for LOXSAT Technology Demonstration Mission.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1784
• Bentley, Anthony E., and Jeffrey Lee Wilcoxen. 2000. Pointing Control System for a High Precision Flight Telescope. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/772047
• Benton, Joe, Ian Ballinger, Donald Jaekle, and Michael Olson. 2007. “Design and Manufacture of a Propellant Tank Assembly.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5559
• Benton, Joe, and M. Debreceni. 2004. “Design Modification of a Diaphragm Propellant Tank for a Pressurant Tank Application.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3511. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3511
• Benton, C., R. Wakefield, E. Niper, and R. Schellenbaum. 1972. EMP in the Ionosphere: Rocket Test 152-133. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4626827
• Beresh, S., J. Henfling, and R. Erven. 2002. “Flow Separation inside a Supersonic Nozzle Exhausting into a Subsonic Compressible Crossflow.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-1067. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-1067
• Berg, A. L. 1968. Rocket Propellant Inplace Flowmeter Calibration System, Propulsion Engine Test Cell (J-3). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0833157
• Berg, O. E., M. Koomen, L. Meredith, and R. Scolnik. 1956. “The Altitude of the (OI) 5577A Line in the Night Airglow Measured from a Rocket.” Journal of Geophysical Research 61 (2): 302–3. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz061i002p00302
• Berg, O. E., and L. Secretan. 1967. Physical Parameters of Cosmic Dust Obtained from Rocket Collections. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022738
• Bergbauer, D., J. Ferguson, R. Bergman, and R. Bentley. 1980. “Spin Profile Tailoring for the Improved 2.75-Inch Rocket.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1575. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1575
• Berger, A. W., and D. Golomb. 1961. Chemical Release Studies IV: Chemistry of Upper Atmosphere Releases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0404585
• Bergeron, Keith, Mehdi Ghoreyshi, and Adam Jirasek. 2024. “Simulation and Stability Analysis of a Coupled Parachute-Payload System.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4514
• Bergman, W. 1970. “High Altitude Ignition Studies on the Black Brant IV Second Stage Motor.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1384. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1384
• Bergman, G., E. Boyd, and D. Gardiner. 1981. “Advanced Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Flight Instrumentation.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1549
• Bergman, G., and E. Jessen. 1971. “Evaluation of Conventional Rocket Motor Instrumentation for Analysisof Oscillatory Combustion.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-755. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-755
• Bergsson, Björn, Michael D. Hartinger, Shantanab Debchoudhury, Pavel Alexandrovich Inchin, Matthew David Zettergren, and Shibaji Chakraborty. 2026. “Observing Interplanetary Shock-Driven Ultra-Low-Frequency Electron Density Disturbances beyond the Ionosphere with GNSS TEC.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15008762/v1
• Berman, Joshua, Michael Duda, Jeff Garnand-Royo, Alexa Jones, Todd Pickering, and Samuel Tutko. 2009. CANSAT: Design of a Small Autonomous Sounding Rocket Payload. KSC-2009-092. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130012822
• Bermudez, Luis, and Kevin Langone. 2011. “Parametric Characterization of the Embedded Shock Phenomenon in Tension Cone Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2581. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2581
• Bermúdez-Reyes, Bárbara, Frédéric Trillaud, Fernando Velázquez-Villegas, et al. 2018. “Suborbital Flight: An Affordable and Feasible Option for Mexican Aerospace Development.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.73859
• Bernhardt, P. 1980. “Changes in the Electromagnetic Properties of the Upper Atmosphere Due to Rocket Effluents.” In International Meeting and Technical Display on Global Technology 2000. AIAA 1980-889. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-889
• Bernhardt, P., J. Zinn, M. Mendillo, and J. Baumgardner. 1982. “Modification of the Upper Atmosphere with Chemicals Found in Rocket Exhaust.” In 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1982-145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-145
• Bernstein, Valerie E., and Marcin Dominik Pilinski. 2021. “Drag Coefficient Constraints for Space Weather Observations in the Upper Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508667.1
• Bershadskyi, Vitaliy A., Boris A. Sokolov, and Evgeny N. Tumanin. 2022. “A method for verifying the model of tank operational pressurization process during development of propellant supply system in liquid rocket engines of launch vehicle propulsion systems.” Space engineering and technology: 56–69. https://doi.org/10.33950/spacetech-2308-7625-2022-1-56-69
• Betti, Barbara, Daniele Bianchi, Giuseppe Leccese, Diego Lentini, and Francesco Nasuti. 2015. “Convective and Radiative Contributions to Wall Heat Transfer in Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chambers.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3757. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3757
• Betti, Barbara, Daniele Bianchi, Francesco Nasuti, and Emanuele Martelli. 2014a. “Chemical Reaction Effects on Wall Heat Flux in Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3675. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3675
• Bettle, J., J. Bettle, J. Spurling, and F. Schmidlin. 1967. “The Establishment of the Experimental Inter-American Meteorological Rocket Network ( Exametnet).” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1360. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1360
• Beyers, Norman J., Otto W. Thiele, and Norman J. Wagner. 1962. Performance Characteristics of Meteorological Rocket Wind and Temperature Sensors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0286254
• Beyma, R. J. 1986. Sounding Rocket and Balloon Flight Safety Philosophy and Methodologies. AIAA PAPER 86-2529. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028437
• Beynon, W. J. G. 1967. “Rocket Electron Density Perturbations in the Ionosphere.” Nature 214 (5089): 690–92. https://doi.org/10.1038/214690a0
• Bhagwandin, Vishal. 2012. “Numerical Prediction of Roll Damping and Magnus Dynamic Derivatives for Finned Projectiles at Angle of Attack.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2905. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2905
• Bhagwandin, Vishal, and Jubaraj Sahu. 2011. “Numerical Prediction of Pitch Damping Stability Derivatives for Finned Projectiles.” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3028. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3028
• Bhagwandin, Vishal A., and Jubaraj Sahu. 2013. Numerical Prediction of Pitch Damping Stability Derivatives for Finned Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada592550
• Bhanji, Sassan. 2022. “How Can Ablative Cooling in a Solid Propellant Rocket Engine Be Accurately Modelled in Order to Optimise Performance?” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10 (8): 881–92. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46180
• Bhargava, B. N., and R. V. Subrahmnyam. 1960. “Movements in the F Region of the Ionosphere during Solar Eclipses.” MAUSAM 11 (4): 363–70. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v11i4.4144
• Bhavnani, Krishin H., and Edward C. Robinson. 1979. Functional and Operational Advances in the AFGL Rocket Trajectory System- I,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada081447
• Bhavsar, P. D., and K. Ramanujarao. 1968. “Winds in the Equatorial Upper Atmosphere.” In COSPAR PLENARY MEETING. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680048503
• Bheary, Mostafa. 2026. “GrainArtist: A Physics-Informed Multi-Engine Framework for Solid Rocket Propellant Grain Inverse Design.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11025434/v1
• Bhosale, Vikas K., Kyu-Seop Kim, Sejin Kwon, and David G. Churchill. 2020b. “Sodium Iodide: A Trigger for Hypergolic Ignition of Non-Toxic Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3824. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3824
• Bhosale, Vikas K., and Ho-Sung Yoon. 2024. Experimental Investigations into the Low Toxicity Hypergolic Ionic Liquid-Ethanol Fuel and Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidizer. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0211
• Bhowmick, Soumyajit, Jyotirmay Maiti, and Neeraj Kumbhakarna. 2026. “Kinetic and Mechanistic Insights into Hypergolic Reactions of Manganese Acetate Tetrahydrate-Based Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7434992
• Bianchi, Daniele, and Agostino Neri. 2015. “Numerical Simulation of Chemical Erosion in VEGA Launcher Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor Nozzles.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4175. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4175
• Bien, Fritz. 1972. Analysis of Electron Beam Irradiation of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0753707
• Bien-Aimé, K., A. Pereira, C. Belin, et al. 2009. “Impact of Outgassing Organic Contamination on Laser Induced Damage of Optics.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 7504, edited by Gregory J. Exarhos, Vitaly E. Gruzdev, Detlev Ristau, M. J. Soileau, Christopher J. Stolz. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.836384
• Bieri, R. H., M. Koide, E. A. Martell, and T. G. Scholz. 1970. Noble Gases in the Atmosphere between 43 and 63 Kilometers. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032004
• Bilash, Oksana, and Lev Velychko. 2026. “Drag Coefficient Coefficient of the Projectile’s Motion.” Military Technical Collection 34 (1): 3–8. https://doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.34.2026.3-8
• Billet, A. B. 1964. “Rocket Engine Thrust Vector Control Operation through Secondary Injection.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640204
• Billett, Daniel, Kathryn A. McWilliams, and Mark G. Conde. 2020. The Role of Field-Aligned Current Closure on the E and F-Region Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-11369
• Billheimer, J. 1968. “Optimization and Design Simulation in Solid Rocket Design.” In 3rd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1968-488. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-488
• Billheimer, J., and D. Dudley. 1968. “The Man-Computer Link in Solid-Propellant Rocket Preliminary Design and Optimization.” In 3rd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1968-489. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-489
• Bills, K., and T. Eriksson. 1965. “A Cumulative-Damage Concept for Propellant- Liner Bonds and Its Application to Solid Rocket Motors.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-191. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-191
• Bing, Min. 1989. “Development of a Multiple-Use Solid Rocket Motor.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2424. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2424
• Birch, Dustin. 2024. “High-Temperature Materials Testing Using a Hybrid Rocket Testbed.” In 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–47529
• Birchenough, Clayton. 2024. “Exploration of Finite-Rate Chemical Kinetics and Impacts on Common Hypergolic Rocket Bipropellant Combinations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0151
• Birukov, A. S., V. I. Kalinin, A. V. Grinevich, and N. A. Markachev. 2014. “Using Fracture Mechanics Principles for Calculating the Pressurized Structure Lifetime by Example of the Propellant Tank for the Fourth Stage of Launch Vehicle VEGA.” Solar System Research 48 (7): 536–40. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0038094614070053
• Biryuk, V. V., A. A. Shimanov, D. A. Onoprienko, A. V. Smorodin, and A. I. Shepelev. 2015. “Vortex Cleaning of Fuel Tank Pressurant Gas.” VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 14 (1): 112–20. https://doi.org/10.18287/1998-6629-2015-14-1-112-120
• Biryuk, V. V., A. V. Smorodin, A. I. Shepelev, and D. A. Onoprienko. 2013. “System of Pressurization of the Fuel Tank of a Launch Vehicle Using the Heat of Generator Gas.” VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 12 (3–1): 35–39. https://doi.org/10.18287/1998-6629-2013-0-3-1(41)-35-39
• Biswas, Souvick, Kazuumi Fujioka, Dababrata Paul, et al. 2025b. “Unraveling the Unusual Chemistry of the Hydrogen-Peroxide-Driven Hypergolic Ignition of a Cyanoborohydride Ionic Liquid as a Next-Generation Green Space Propellant.” Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters 16 (8): 1831–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.4c03624
• Bizot, A. 1995. “Turbulent Boundary Layer with Mass Transfer and Pressure Gradient in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2708. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2708
• Bjelland, B., O. Holt, B. Landmark, and F. Lied. 1959. “The D Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 184 (4691): 973–74. https://doi.org/10.1038/184973a0
• Black, B., J. Daly, and L. Webb. 1965. “Solid Propellant Grain Structural Analysis Using the Direct Stiffness Method.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-176. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-176
• Blackman, A., H. Ford, and D. Utvik. 1965. “Evaluation of Absorption Liners for Suppression of Combustion Instability in Rocket Engines.” In Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1965-585. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-585
• Blair, M., and D. DeGeorge. 2000. Overview of the Integrated High Payoff Rocket Propulsion Technology (IHPRPT) Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada411290
• Blake, William. 1993. “A Study of the Rotary Balance Technique for Predicting Pitch Damping.” In Flight Simulation and Technologies. AIAA 1993-3619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3619
• Blamont, J. E., T. M. Donahue, and M. L. Lory. 1961. “Measurement of the Temperature in the Upper Atmosphere to 150 Km in a Rocket Experiment.” Physical Review Letters 6 (8): 403–4. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.6.403
• Blanchard, M. B., and N. H. Farlow. 1966. Contamination Control during Design, Fabrication, Test and Launch of an Upper Atmospheric Rocket Payload. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660060751
• Blanchard, M. B., N. H. Farlow, and G. V. Ferry. 1966a. Sampling the Leonid Meteor Stream with a Luster Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660050776
• Blanchard, M. B., N. H. Farlow, and G. V. Ferry. 1966b. Sampling with a Luster Sounding Rocket during a Leonid Meteor Shower. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670036237
• Blanchfield, Elise Jane, Brett Anthony Carter, Julie Louise Currie, James M. Weygand, and Gail Iles. 2025. “On the Swarm Satellite Thermosphere Density Observations during the 2015 St Patrick’s Day Geomagnetic Storm.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.174405201.19147304/v1
• Bland, Emma, Fasil Tesema, and Noora Partamies. 2020. “D-Region Impact Area of Energetic Particle Precipitation during Pulsating Aurora.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2020-58
• Bland, William N., Jr., and Paul E. Purser. 1953. Rocket-Model Measurements of Zero-Lift Damping in Roll of the Bell MX-776 Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.6 to 1.56. NACA-RM-SL54A13. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029431
• Blaszak, John J., and Fred E. Fahrenholz. 1960. Rocket Thrust Control by Gas Injection. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0321352
• Blenk, Parker, and Jason Rupram. 2025. “Aerodynamic Analysis of a High-Powered, Multi-Stage Rocket.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-99705. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-99705
• Bless, R. C., A. D. Code, T. E. Houck, J. F. McNall, and D. J. Taylor. 1968. Astronomical Radiation Measurements. II: Observations of Stars in the Spectral Region Lambda Lambda 2800-2100. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680058874
• Blevins, John, Rudy Gostowski, and Silvio Chianese. 2004. “An Experimental Investigation of Hypergolic Ignition Delay of Hydrogen Peroxide with Fuel Mixtures.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1335. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1335
• Block, P. 1967. “Application of Laminar Boundary Layer Heat Transfer Theory to Low Thrust Rocket Nozzles.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-447. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-447
• Blomshield, Fred. 2007. “Lessons Learned in Solid Rocket Combustion Instability.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5803. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5803
• Blomshield, Fred S., and C. J. Bicker. 1996. “Pressure Oscillations in Shuttle Solid Rocket Motors.” In The 33rd JANNAF Combustion Subcommittee Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970015930
• Boccaletto, Luca. 2008. “Solving the Flow Separation Issue: A New Nozzle Concept.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5234. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5234
• BochnÍČEk, Z. V. 1960. “Profile of Upper-Atmosphere Air Density at the Height 180–212 Km. Derived from the Orbit of Sputnik III.” Nature 186 (4723): 460–61. https://doi.org/10.1038/186460a0
• Boden, R. H. 1951. “Heat Transfer in Rocket Motors and the Application of Film and Sweat Cooling.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 73 (4): 385–90. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4016261
• Boehm, M. H., C. W. Carlson, J. P. McFadden, and F. S. Mozer. 1990. “Dual Sounding Rocket Observations of Low-Altitude Electrostatic Shocks.” Journal of Geophysical Research 95. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900057469
• Boersma, G., J. Bosgra, H. Kruisbrink, and C. Schmeitink. 1970. “Comparison of the Impact Dispersion of Unguided and Guided Sounding Rockets with Further Evaluation of a Velocity Controlled Rocket.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1381. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1381
• Bogdan-Alexandru, Belega. 2015. “Analysis of New Aerodynamic Design of the Nose Cone Section Using CFD and SPH.” Incas Bulletin 7 (2): 43–52. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2015.7.2.4
• Boggess, A., III, and Y. Kondo. 1967. Rocket Ultraviolet Spectrophotometry in the Orion Region. NASA-TM-X-63044. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680002184
• Bohlin, R. C., T. P. Stecher, and J. P. Harrington. 1978. The Rocket-Ultraviolet Spectrum and Models of the Planetary Nebula NGC 7662. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780038399
• Boies, Mark T., B. David Green, Gary E. Galica, et al. 2000. “Measurement of Long-Term Outgassing from the Materials Used on the MSX Spacecraft.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 4096, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, O. Manuel Uy. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.400834
• Boldt, Elihu. 1987. “The Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In Observational Cosmology. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3853-3_65
• Boldt, Elihu. 1991. “EUV Observations as a Diagnostic of Possible Agn Sources of the Cosmic X–ray Background.” In Extreme Ultraviolet Astronomy. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037302-7.50032-x
• Boldt, E. A., U. D. Desai, S. S. Holt, and P. J. Serlemitsos. 1970. “2-20 keV X-Ray Sky Background.” In NON-SOLAR X- AND GAMMA-RAY ASTRONOMY, INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION, SYMPOSIUM. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700064577
• Boldt, E. A., U. D. Desai, S. S. Holt, P. J. Serlemitsos, and R. F. Silverberg. 1969. Pulsed X-Ray Emission of NP 0532 in March 1968. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690059585
• Bollermann, B. 1971. Study of 30 Km to 200 Km Meteorological Rocket Sounding Systems. Volume 2: Recent Advancements. NASA-CR-1790. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710017216
• Bollermann, B., R. Olsen, and R. Turner. 1970. “A Pitot Probe System for Obtaining Atmospheric Density Measurements on a Routine Basis.” In NATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AEROSPACE METEOROLOGY. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700054460
• Bollermann, B., and R. Walker. 1966. “New Low Cost Meteorological Rocket System for Temperature and Wind Measurement in the 75,000 to 200,000 Feet Altitude Region.” In Conference on Aerospace Meteorology. AIAA 1966-383. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-383
• Bollermann, B., and R. L. Walker. 1968. Super Loki Dart Meteorological Rocket System Final Report. NASA-CR-61238. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680026183
• Bollermann, B., and J. Wright. 1973. “Super Loki Meteorological Rocket Systems.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-303. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-303
• Bolonkin, Alexander. 2002. “Hypersonic Gas-Rocket Launch System.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3927. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3927
• Bolonkin, Alexander A. 2005a. “Centrifugal Space Launchers.” In Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044731-5/50041-x
• Bolonkin, Alexander A. 2005b. “Optimal Trajectories of Air and Space Vehicles.” In Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008044731-5/50054-8
• Bolshinskiy, L. G., A. Hedayat, L. J. Hastings, J. P. Moder, A. R. Schnell, and S. G. Sutherlin. 2015. TankSIM: A Cryogenic Tank Performance Prediction Program. M15-4374. Jacobs Engineering and Science Services and Skills Augmentation Group (ESSSA). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150016270
• Bolshinskiy, L. G., A. Hedayat, L. J. Hastings, S. G. Sutherlin, A. R. Schnell, and J. P. Moder. 2017. Tank System Integrated Model: A Cryogenic Tank Performance Prediction Program. NASA/TM-2017-218239. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170005533
• Bolstad, Luther. 1963. “Effect of Materials on Atmospheric Contamination in Manned Spacecraft.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1416
• Bolster, William. 1967. “The Development and Testing of The: TERRIER/551 a Surface-Launched Sounding Rocket.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1337. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1337
• Bolster, W., and G. Googins. 1967. “The Design, Development, and Testing of a Series of Air-Launched Sounding Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1328. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1328
• Bolton, W. 1979. “Trajectory Simulation of a Parachute System.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-470. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-470
• Bolton, D. E., and D. J. Cook. 2003. Development of Displacement Gages Exposed to Solid Rocket Motor Internal Environments. AIAA Paper 2003-5106. ATK-Thiokol Propulsion. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030066245
• Bomberger, H. B. 1957. “Titanium Corrosion and Inhibition in Fuming Nitric Acid.” CORROSION 13 (5): 17–21. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-13.5.17
• Bond, Aleck C., and Andrew G. Swanson. 1953. Rocket-Model Investigation of the Longitudinal Stability, Drag, and Duct Performance Characteristics of the North American MX-770 (X-10) Missile at Mach Numbers from 0.80 to 1.70. NACA-RM-SL53D10A. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029470
• Bondarenko, M. O., M. M. Vorobei, and V. O. Habrinets. 2026. “Selection of Solid Propellant and Gr Ain Geometry for the Design of an Operational Tactical Rocket Motor.” Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 32 (3): 24–32. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2026.03.024
• Bonilla Romacho, Adriana M., Penelope Nieves, Giovanni Oliveras, et al. 2023. “Loxodon-1: Bi-Propellant Liquid Rocket Engine.” In ASCEND 2023. AIAA 2023-4765. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4765
• Bonivert, W. D., J. T. Hachman, and H. A. Johnsen. 1989. An Electroformed Nickel-Sulfur Alloy for a Nose Cone. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/5526088
• Bonnell, J. 1964. “Limiting Conditions for the Onset of Combustion Pressure Oscillations (Transverse Mode) in Gaseous Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-370
• Bonniot, Claude, and Jean-Louis Thomas. 1998. “Status of the SEP 100 kN Storable Propellant Upper Stage Engine.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4040
• Bono, P., G. E. Kahre, and C. H. Printz. 1964. “The Influence of Unconventional Structures and Advanced Materials on Booster Re-Useability (Structural Design and Advanced Materials for Reusable Rocket Boosters).” In 5th Annual Structures and Materials Conference. AIAA 1964-1002. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1002
• Booker, H. G. 1942. “Height of Maximum Electron-Density in the Ionosphere.” Terrestrial Magnetism and Atmospheric Electricity 47 (2): 173–173. https://doi.org/10.1029/te047i002p00173
• Boraas, S. 1981. “Spacecraft Contamination from Rocket Exhausts.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1385. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1385
• Boraas, S. 1983. “Nozzle Contour Optimization for Nonuniform Rocket Flow.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1253. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1253
• Boraas, S. 1985. “Spacecraft Contamination from Scarfed Nozzle Exhausts.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1173. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1173
• Borchevkina, O. P., F. S. Bessarab, A. V. Timchenko, and I. V. Karpov. 2024. “Wave Activity of Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere during a Meteorological Storm.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 64 (4): 537–45. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793224600358
• Borchevkina, Olga, Ivan Karpov, Mikhail Karpov, Nina Korenkova, Valery Vlasov, and Vladimir Leshchenko. 2020. “Impact of Meteorological Storms on the e-Region of the Ionosphere in 2017–2018.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 6 (4): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-64202011
• Bordachev, Vladimir A., and Vadim V. Kolga. 2024. “Study of the Payload Extraction Trajectory Heavy Class Carrier Rocket.” Siberian Aerospace Journal 25 (1): 68–84. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2024-25-1-68-84
• Bordachev, V. A., V. V. Kolga, and E. A. Rozhkova. 2023. “Static Stability Study of a Model Rocket.” Siberian Aerospace Journal 24 (1): 64–75. https://doi.org/10.31772/2712-8970-2023-24-1-64-75
• Borisov, D. M. 2025. “Mathematical Modeling of Hydrodynamic Instability of the Flows in Combustion Chambers Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” Известия Российской академии наук. Энергетика / Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Energetics, no. 2: 53. https://doi.org/10.7868/s3034649525020042
• Boronowsky, Kenny Michael. n.d. “Non-Homogeneous Hybrid Rocket Fuel for Enhanced Regression Rates Utilizing Partial Entrainment.” PhD diss., San Jose State University. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.t2xh-cjwv
• Borst, W. L., T. M. Donahue, and E. C. Zipe. 1970. A Mass Spectrometer Observation of NO in an Auroral Arc. NASA-CR-116877. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009522
• Boruc, Łukasz, Łukasz Jan Kapusta, and Jan Kindracki. 2024. “Selection of the Method for Determination of Ignition Delay of Hypergolic Propellants.” Combustion Engines 199 (4): 104–11. https://doi.org/10.19206/ce-192420
• Boscov, J. 1982. “Sounding Rocket Development Program.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1745. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1745
• Boscov, J., J. Bernardes, T. Yoshino, and B. Furlan. 1986. “Sonda IV Brazilian Rocket: The Major Step for the Future National Satellite Launcher.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2552. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2552
• Bose, P., and K. M. Pandey. 2012. “Desirability and Assessment of Mechanical Strength Characteristics of Solid Propellant for Use in Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher.” International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications: 114–24. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2012.v3.171
• Bossi, Brent, and H. Nelson. 1992a. “Body-Fin Aerodynamic Interference for Low Aspect Ratio Missiles.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4638. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4638
• Bossi, Brent, and H. Nelson. 1992b. “Fin-Body Interference for Low Aspect Ratio Missiles.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2682. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2682
• Bossi, Brent, and H. Nelson. 1993. “Fin-Fin Interference for Low Aspect Ratio Missiles.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-765. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-765
• Bott, J., D. Ross, D. Spencer, and J. Whittler. 1983. “Laboratory Study of Shuttle Propellant Tank Icing.” In Shuttle Environment and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1983-2624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2624
• Boucher, R., and J. P. Noonan. 1980. Determination of Ionosphere Critical Frequency f0F2,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada106415
• Boudreaux, R. 1969. “Attitude-Control Rocket Exhaust Plume Effects on Spacecraft Functional Surfaces.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-574. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-574
• Boulant, Thibault, David Tomline Michel, and Matthieu Valla. 2024. “Optimization of a Direct-Detection UV Wind Lidar Architecture for 3D Wind Reconstruction at High Altitude.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 17 (24): 7049–64. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-7049-2024
• Bountin, Dmitry, Anatoly Maslov, and Yury Gromyko. 2018. “Analysis of Disturbances in a Hypersonic Boundary Layer on a Cone with Heating/cooling of the Nose Tip.” Physics of Fluids 30 (5): 054103. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5024025
• Bourdeau, R. E. 1965. The Temperature of Charged Particles in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650019953
• Boury, D., and L. Filipuzzi. 2001. “SEPCARB Materials for Solid Rocket Booster Nozzle Components.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3438. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3438
• Bowden, G. W., and M. Brown. 2023. “Numerical Modeling and GNSS Observations of Ionospheric Depletions Due to a Small-Lift Launch Vehicle.” Space Weather 21 (9): e2023SW003563. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003563
• Bowen, P. J., Robert Lewis Fullarton Boyd, M. J. Davies, E. B. Dorling, G. V. Groves, and R. F. Stebbings. 1964. “Upper Atmosphere Wind and Temperature Structure by Skylark Rocket-Grenade Experiments at Woomera, Australia, 1957—59.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 280 (1381): 170–84. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1964.0138
• Bowen, William D., and Jeffrey Marchetta. 2022. “Thermomechanical Simulation of an Aerogel/RTV Based Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2493. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2493
• Bowers, B. 1970. “Galactic Lyman Alpha and the Interstellar Shock Wave.” Nature 228 (5277): 1182–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/2281182a0
• Bowhill, S. A. 1965. IQSY Rocket Studies of the C, D, and E Regions of the Ionosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003131
• Bowhill, S. A. 1966. “A Rocket Experiment on the Structure of Sporadic E.” Radio Science 1 (2): 187–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/rds196612187
• Bowhill, S. A. 1971. Aeronomic Studies for SECEDE: SECEDE 2 Rocket Probe Experiment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0736775
• Bowhill, Sidney A. 1990. Rocket Studies of the Lower Ionosphere. NASA-CR-186187. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900005419
• Bowman, G. G. 1964. “Spread-F in the Ionosphere and the Neutral Particle Density of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 201 (4919): 564–66. https://doi.org/10.1038/201564b0
• Bowman, Craig T. 1967. Experimental Investigation of High-Frequency Longitudinal Combustion Instability in Gaseous Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0649860
• Bowyer, S., E. T. Byram, T. A. Chubb, and H. Friedman. 1964b. “X-Ray Sources in the Galaxy.” Nature 201 (4926): 1307–8. https://doi.org/10.1038/2011307a0
• Bowyer, S., E. T. Byram, T. A. Chubb, and H. Friedman. 1965. “Cosmic X-Ray Sources.” Science 147 (3656): 394–98. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3656.394
• Bowyer, C. S., F. De Mendonca, M. Lampton, and J. Mack. 1970. Detection of X-Ray Emission from 3C 273 and NGC 5128. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700060900
• Bowyer, C. S., and M. Lampton. 1969. Complete Fabrication of Rocket Payload Hardware Final Report. NASA-CR-107725. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700006912
• Bowyer, J., Jr., G. Kreiter, and R. Petersen. 1978. “An Investigation of the Side Force That Is Sometimes Observed in Rocket Start-up.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1045. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1045
• Boyarskaya, M. L., and S. B. Filippov. 2016a. “Buckling Analysis of a Ring under the Action of Internal Pressure in a Cylindrical Shell.” Vestnik St. Petersburg University: Mathematics 49 (2): 166–73. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1063454116020035
• Boyarskaya, Maria L., and Sergey B. Filippov. 2016b. “Buckling of a Ring Joint with the Cylindrical Shell under Internal Pressure in the Shell.” Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Series 1. Mathematics. Mechanics. Astronomy 3 (61) (2): 264–73. https://doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu01.2016.210
• Boykin, F. M. 1985. Wind-Weighting for Sounding Rockets with a Telemetry System. NASA-TP-2438. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850012936
• Boyland, R. E., and I. J. Deane. 1968. “Testing and Analysis of the Lunar Module Supercritical Helium Pressurization System.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680042701
• Boynton, F. P. 1961. Reduction of Mass Spectrometer Data from the AEDC (PWT) Rocket Plume Experiments. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0677543
• Bozic, Vladica, Djordje Blagojevic, Bozidar Anicin, Vladica Bozic, Djordje Blagojevic, and Bozidar Anicin. 1997. “Measurement System for Determining Solid Rocket Propellant Burning Rate Using Transmission Microwave Interferometry.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-2842. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2842
• Bozic, Vladica, and Djordje Blagojevic, cin, Bozid. 1995. “Measurement System for Determining Solid Rocket Propellant Burning Rate Using Reflection Microwave Interferometry.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2709. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2709
• Brace, L. H., G. R. Carignan, H. Niemann, N. W. Spencer, and D. R. Taeusch. 1965. Electron and Molecular Nitrogen Temperature and Density in the Thermosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650044472
• Braddick, H. J. J. 1939. “Cosmic-Ray Bursts at High Altitude.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 171 (946): 314–21. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1939.0068
• Bradley, H., Jr. 1964. “Theory of a Homogeneous Model of Rocket Motor Ignition Transients.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-127. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-127
• Bradley, H. H., Jr. 1975. A Unified Theory of Solid Propellant Ignition. Part 3. Computer Solutions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada019275
• Bradley, H., Jr., R. Fleming Jr., and J. Hightower. 1964. “Ignition of Solid Propellants.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-120. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-120
• Bradt, H., G. Garmire, R. Giacconi, et al. 1966a. A Measurement of the Angular Size of the X- Ray Source Sco X-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660054867
• Bradt, H., G. Garmire, R. Giacconi, et al. 1966b. A Measurement of the Location of the X-Ray Source SCO X-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670033042
• Brandt, W. N., and G. Yang. 2024. “Surveys of the Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In Handbook of X-ray and Gamma-ray Astrophysics. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6960-7_130
• Branscomb, Lewis M. 1950. “Anomalous Molecular Rotation and the Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Physical Review 79 (4): 619–26. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.79.619
• Brasseur, G., P. De Baets, and A. De Rudder. 1983. “Solar Variability and Minor Constituents in the Lower Thermosphere and in the Mesosphere.” In Progress in Solar-Terrestrial Physics. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7096-0_29
• Braswell, Vivian, Hayden Arcenaux, Holly Strutzenberg, Robert Taylor, and David M. Lineberry. 2017. “UAH Student Launch Rocket Project: Roll Control of a Sounding Rocket through Aerodynamic Surfaces.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4840. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4840
• Brauckmann, Greg, James Greathouse, and Molly White. 2011. “Rocket Plume Scaling for Orion Wind Tunnel Testing (Invited).” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3341. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3341
• Braun, Walter F. 1958. The Free Flight Aerodynamics Range. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0202249
• Braun, M., B. Cohn, and R. Groo. 1970. “Launch Operations of Minimum Cost Design Launch Vehicles.” In Launch Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-240. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-240
• Braun, J. F., and W. B. Walcott. 1963. Wind Tunnel Study of Parachute Clustering. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0402777
• Brazzel, Charles E. 1963. The Effects of Base Bleed and Sustainer Rocket Nozzle Diameter and Location on the Base Drag of a Body of Revolution with Concentric Boost and Sustainer Rocket Nozzles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0423963
• Brearley, Mn. 1969. “The Hazard of Atmospheric Wind Shears during Parachute Recovery of Instruments.” Australian Journal of Physics 22 (2): 285–88. https://doi.org/10.1071/ph690285
• Bredt, J. H. 1974. “NASA Plans for Space-Processing Experiments on Sounding Rockets.” In ESRO Process. and Manufacturing in Space. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750011220
• Breen, B. 1967. “A Mathematical Model of Random Wave Phenomena in Hypergolic Propellant Combustion.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-517. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-517
• Breen, B. P., H. D. Fisher, M. R. Stevens, and H. G. Weiss. 1967. Effect of Additives on the Ignition Delay Time of Hypergolic Propellants. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670056283
• Brekke, P. n.d. “Solar Spectroscopy: Ultraviolet and Extreme Ultraviolet Emission.” In The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1888/0333750888/2233
• Bremer, J., and W. Singer. 1974. “Mean D Region Electron Density Profiles Derived by Combination of Rocket and Radio Wave Propagation Data.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-008
• Bremner, P. G., P. A. Blelloch, A. Hutchings, P. Shah, C. L. Streett, and C. E. Larsen. 2011. “Validation of Methods to Predict Vibration of a Panel in the near Field of a Hot Supersonic Rocket Plume.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110015360
• Brennan, W. 1967. “Milestones in Cryogenic Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-978. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-978
• Brennen, Peter Alexander. n.d. “Simulation of an Oxidizer-Cooled Hybrid Rocket Throat: Methodology Validation for Design of a Cooled Aerospike Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.95
• Brhian, Alysson, Marco A. Ridenti, Francisco Azpilicueta, Mauricio Gende, and Marisa Roberto. 2026. “Enhancing Low-Latitude Ionospheric Irregularity Prediction with Generalized Linear Models.” Space Weather 24 (3): e2024SW004243. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024sw004243
• Briggs, M. 1986. “The Wavethruster Configuration Concept for High Lift/low Drag Supersonic Missiles.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-571. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-571
• Briggs, L., T. Browne, R. Jenkins, and J. Taylor. 1970. “Astrobee D: An Advanced Technology Meteorological Rocket Vehicle.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1387
• Brinckman, Kevin W., Gregory Feldman, and Ashvin Hosangadi. 2015. “Impinging Fuel Injector Atomization and Combustion Modeling.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3763. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3763
• Brini, D., F. Fuligni, and E. Horstman-Moretti. 1970. “Measurement of the Cosmic X-Ray Background in the 25–200 keV Range.” In Non-Solar X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3311-4_53
• Brinkman, John C. 1992. Development and Testing of a New Reefing System to Reduce Parachute Opening Shock Characteristics during Seat Ejection. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada389071
• Brinton, John, and Leon Golub. 2004. The Tunable XUV Imager (TXI) Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040084234
• Brinton, Douglas, Donald Sauvageau, and Jeffrey Maughan. 1994. “Low-Cost Medium/heavy Launch Vehicle Options.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2919. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2919
• British Experiments and British/Commonwealth Co-Operative Experiments in Petrel, Fulmar and Skua Rockets. 1986. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898075.021
• British Experiments in ESRO Sounding Rockets and in ESRO/ESA Scientific Satellites. 1986. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898075.023
• Britting, Thomas, Isabelle Joosten, Bram Koops, et al. 2022. “Design, Manufacture, and Validation of a Student-Made Ringsail Parachute for Sounding Rocket Recovery.” In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSEA). https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.129
• Broadwell, J., and T. Marcisz. 1968. “Low-Thrust Nozzle Performance.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-91. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-91
• Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. 2001. “Upper Air Measurements.” In Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.003.0014
• Broderson, A. B., W. C. Cloyd, and K. O. Lange. 1969. “Simulation of the Stress Environment of a Rocket-Borne Animal Centrifuge.” In THE FUTURE OF BIO-ENGINEERING IN OUR DAILY LIVES, INST. OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES, ANNUAL TECHNICAL MEETING AND EQUIPMENT EXPOSITION. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690050101
• Brodnick, Jacob M. n.d. “Dynamics of Submerged Diffuser Pressurization.” In 31st Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250004805
• Brodnick, J. M., and H. Q. Yang. n.d. “Validation of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization by Leveraging Reduced Order Modeling within Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation.” In 75th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220016851
• Brodsky, R. F. 1976a. “Status Review of Liquid Rocket Static Test Range at Iowa State University.” In International Astronautical Federation. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760063126
• Brodsky, Robert F. 1976b. “A University Liquid Rocket Static Test Range.” In Space Activity Impact on Science and Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020365-2.50041-x
• Brooks, W. 1976. “Burn Rate Considerations in Solid Rocket Motor Performance Prediction.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-601
• Broomby, Hayden, and Eduardo Trifoni. 2024. “Design, Manufacturing and Cold Flow Testing of a Liquid Rocket Engine 3D Printed Pintle Injector.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1214
• Brown, C. H. 1968. Investigation of Advanced Thrust Chamber Designs. NASA-CR-72320. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680006957
• Brown, John C. 1975. “The Interpretation of Spectra, Polarization, and Directivity of Solar Hard X-Rays.” In Solar Gamma-, X-, and EUV Radiation. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1802-9_28
• Brown, R. 1983. “Pulser Design Criteria for Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-577. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-577
• Brown, Andrew. 2000. “Temperature-Dependent Modal Test/analysis Correlation of X-34 FASTRAC Composite Rocket Nozzle.” In 41st Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-1741. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-1741
• Brown, Andrew M. 2022a. “The Critical Role of Structural Dynamics in the Design, Analysis, Testing, and Operation of Liquid Rocket Engines.” In Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18207-5_1
• Brown, Andrew M. 2022b. “Rocket Engine System Loads.” In Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18207-5_5
• Brown, Andrew M. 2022c. “Structural Dynamics Applied to Rocket Engine Turbopumps.” In Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18207-5_3
• Brown, Andrew M. 2022d. “Structural Dynamics in Testing of Liquid Rocket Engines.” In Synthesis Lectures on Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18207-5_7
• Brown, Kendall K., Dave Sparks, and Gordon Woodcock. 2000. A Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber for the Fastrac Engine. AIAA Paper 2000-3286. American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000091017
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959a. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 10. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-10
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959b. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 11. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-11
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and Jw Wright. 1959c. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 13:: Summary of One Year of Data. May 1959-April 1960. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-13
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959d. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 5. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-5
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959e. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 6. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-6
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959f. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 7. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-7
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959g. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 8. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-8
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1959h. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 9. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-9
• Brown, Dj, Lr Wescott, and J. W. Wright. 1960. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere No. 12. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-12
• Browne, T. 1964. “Combustion Termination of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-229. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-229
• Browning, D. 1993. “A Responsive Launch Vehicle Should Trade Weight for Cost and Operability.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1994. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1994
• Brownlee, W. 1963. “Experiments on Nonlinear Axial Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In Summer Meeting. AIAA 1963-228. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-228
• Brownlee, W., and A. Roberts. 1963. “Investigations of Nonlinear Axial Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 9th Anglo-American Aeronautical Conference. AIAA 1963-474. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-474
• Bruce, Neil. 2024. “The Priest, the Crofters, and the Uist Rocket Range.” Innes Review 75 (2): 155–86. https://doi.org/10.3366/inr.2024.0369
• Brueckner, G. E. 1981. “High-Resolution Ultraviolet Solar Observations from Sounding Rockets and Spacelab.” Space Science Reviews 29 (4). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00239485
• Bruner, Marilyn E. 1995. SPDE: Solar Plasma Diagnostic Experiment. NASA-CR-199392. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960003024
• Bruner, Marilyn E., William A. Brown, and Kevin L. Appert. 1989. “A New Sounding Rocket Payload for Solar Plasma Studies.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900058976
• Bruner, E. C., Jr., L. W. Acton, W. A. Brown, et al. 1979. X-Ray Spectrometer Spectrograph Telescope System. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800033332
• Bruner, E. C., Jr., R. A. Jones, W. A. Rense, and G. E. Thomas. 1970. Ultraviolet Line Profiles of O I in the Solar Spectrum. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700069650
• Bruner, E. C., Jr., and W. A. Rense. 1967. Solar Hydrogen Lyman-Alpha-Profile Spectrograph. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670053146
• Brunk, J. E. 1965. Aerobee 150A Roll Lock-in Study Final Summary Report, Apr.: Nov. 1965. NASA-CR-76800. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660023265
• Brunk, James. 1967. “A Motion Theory for Sounding Rockets with Non-Linear Side and Magnus Moments.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1325. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1325
• Brunt, David. 1955. “Exploration of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere Using High-Altitude Rockets: British Research Programme.” Nature 176 (4476): 282–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/176282b0
• Bryan, George J., and George D. Edwards. 1955. A Method for Predicting Ignition Energy Requirements of Practical Propellant Systems, Part i. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0089142
• Bryan, H. W., J. Wall, and J. H. Wager. 1972. “An Improved Radio-Frequency Probe for the Measurement of Electron Densities in the Ionosphere.” Radio and Electronic Engineer 42 (5): 217. https://doi.org/10.1049/ree.1972.0036
• Bryant, C. 1989. “Castor Solid Rocket Motors for Launch Vehicle Propulsion.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2422. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2422
• Bryant, H. M., and D. L. Fye. 1950. Transparency of an Acid-Aniline Flame to S-Band Radiation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada472152
• Bryner, Elliiott. 2020. “Rocket Test Safety Practices at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Prescott Campus.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3912. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3912
• Bua, Carmine J. 1963. Design, Development, and Fabrication of Ultra High Strength Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Cases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0415435
• Buchanan, R. P. 1986. Development and First Flight of a Sounding Rocket Payload to Investigate the Phenomena of Rapidly Varying Space Plasma. AIAA PAPER 86-2560. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028476
• Buchanan, Tyler, Daniel Garcia, Jahed Hossain, and Jayanta S. Kapat. 2018. “Investigation into the Feasibility of Using Turbulators in Liquid Rocket Combustion Chamber Cooling Channels Using a Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4464. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4464
• Buck, G., and R. Blanchard. 1986. “Rarefied Aerodynamics and Upper Atmosphere Density from Multiple Orbiter Flight Measurements.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-269
• Buck, Richard F., and R. Michael Fike. 1976. Support Services for I. R. Rocket Payloads. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada023459
• “Buckling of Cylindrical Shells.” 2003. In Design of Plate and Shell Structures. ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.801993.ch13
• “Buckling of Thin-Walled Pressurized Cylinders under Bending Load.” 2008. In Structures and Granular Solids. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203884447-21
• Buddhavarapu, Suraj, Trenton Charlson, Akhil Gupta, and Shrivathsav Seshan. 2019. “The Road to the Karman Line: Development of Liquid-Fueled Propulsion and Flight-Control Systems for Suborbital Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0151
• Budiastra, I. N., C. G. I. Partha, I. G. N. Janardana, and I. W. A. Wijaya. 2017. “Graphic Monitoring on Test of Rocket Launch Payload.” Journal of Electrical, Electronics and Informatics 1 (2): 1. https://doi.org/10.24843/jeei.2017.v01.i02.p01
• Buditama, Abraham. 2018. “Photochemistry of Common Spacecraft Outgassing Contaminants: A Review (Conference Presentation).” In Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2018, edited by Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge, Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2322676
• Budney, T. J., T. W. Collinson, and R. W. Stone. 1982. STRAP V: Higher Accuracy, Lower Drift Attitude Control System. AIAA PAPER 82-1731. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064506
• Budolak, Daniel, Lydia Hantsche, and Erick Rossi De La Fuente. 2022. “Strain Sensor Survey for Parachute Canopy Load Measurements.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2754. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2754
• Buell, D. A. 1964. “Some Sources of Ground-Wind Loads in Launch Vehicles (Lateral Oscillations of Launch Vehicle Models Induced by Ground Wind Loads to Simulate Bending Characteristics).” In 5th Annual Structures and Materials Conference. AIAA 1964-1017. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1017
• Buffone, Cosimo, Claudio Bruno, and Khellil Sefiane. 2003. “Liquid Metal Heat Pipes for Cooling Rocket Nozzle Walls.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4452. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4452
• Buffum, F. G., G. L. Dehority, and R. O. Slates. 1967. Acoustic Attenuation in Resonant Model-Rocket Motors. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670051263
• Buglia, James J., George R. Young, Jesse D. Timmons, and Helen S. Brinkworth. 1961. Analytical Method of Approximating the Motion of a Spinning Vehicle with Variable Mass and Inertia Properties Acted upon by Several Disturbing Parameters. NASA-TR-R-110. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228448
• Bujes, J. I. 1962. Detection and Evaluation of Interface Separations in Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0286961
• Bull, Barton. 1999. GPS Sounding Rocket Developments. NASA Wallops Flight Facility. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990067280
• Bull, Barton, James Diehl, Oliver Montenbruck, Markus Markgraf, and Frank Bauer. 2002. Flight Performance Evaluation of Three GPS Receivers for Sounding Rocket Tracking. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020060112
• Bull, Barton, Charles Grant, Dwayne Morgan, Ron Streich, and Frank Bauer. 2001a. A Space Based Internet Protocol System for Launch Vehicle Tracking and Control. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010068349
• Bull, Barton, Charles Grant, Dwayne Morgan, Ron Streich, and Frank Bauer. 2001b. A Space Based Internet Protocol System for Sub-Orbital Tracking and Control. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010015249
• Bull, Barton, and Hugh Martel. 2000. GPS Sounding Rocket Development at NASA with Simultaneous Multi-Payload Tracking Application. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000040113
• Bull, G., and C. Murphy. 1964. “Gun-Launched Missiles for Upper Atmosphere Research.” In Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1964-18. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-18
• Bull, Gerald, and Charles Murphy. 1967. “Gun-Boosted Rockets for High Performance Sounding Missions.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1361. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1361
• Bullard, C. 1967. “Attitude of a Spinning Rocket under Thrust with Statistically Variederror Sources.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-536
• Bumgarner, Raymond A., and Arthur A. Gilcrease. 1979. Sounding Rocket and Balloon Systems Support. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada075384
• Bunker, Robert, and Andrew Prince. 1992. “Hybrid Rocket Motor Nozzle Material Predictions and Results.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3591. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3591
• Bunker, E. R., Jr. 1969. Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Voltage Breakdown in Electronic Equipment at Low Air Pressure. NASA-CR-110627. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700022975
• Burchett, Bradley, Justin Paul, Joseph Vasile, and Joshua Bryson. 2021. A High Fidelity Roll Dependent Aerodynamic Model for a Long Range High Speed Missile. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1141614
• Burchett, Bradley T., Justin L. Paul, Joseph D. Vasile, and Joshua Bryson. 2022. “A High Fidelity Roll Dependent Aerodynamic Model for a Long Range, High Speed Missile.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0420
• Burgess, Eric. 1953. “Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 25 (10): 307–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb032343
• Burgess, Julian, and Karl Westberg. 1961. Rocket-UV Spectrometer. HQ-E-DAA-TN51807. Perkin-Elmer Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620000760
• Burkhardt, W. M., and W. A. Hayes. 1992. Formed Platelets for Low Cost Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Combustion Chambers. AIAA PAPER 92-3526. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920066426
• Burlett, Madison, Ethan Century, Austin Shealy, and Mario Villegas. 2024. “The Design of a Suborbital Model Rocket Capable of Payload Delivery.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-85533. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-85533
• Burmaka, V. P., L. S. Kostrov, and L. F. Chernogor. 2004. “Statistics of Signals of the HF Doppler Radar Sensing the Bottomside Ionosphere Disturbed by Rocket Launches and Solar Terminator.” Telecommunications and Radio Engineering 61 (2): 150–77. https://doi.org/10.1615/telecomradeng.v61.i2.70
• Burnett, C. R. 1965. “Anomalous Abundance of Upper Atmosphere Sodium, 1964.” Science 147 (3659): 736–37. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.147.3659.736
• “Burning Mechanism of Ammonium Perchlorate Propellants.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0141.0182
• “Burning Rate Characteristics of Glycidyl Azide Polymer (GAP) Fuels and Propellants.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0455.0464
• “Burning-Rate Prediction of Double-Base Plateau Propellants.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0533.0548
• “Burning-Rate Response Functions of Composite-Modified Double-Base Propellants and HMX.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0639.0662
• Burns, Keith. 1993. “Development of an Accuracy Criteria for Body-on-Fin Carryover Interference.” In Flight Simulation and Technologies. AIAA 1993-3633. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3633
• Burns, E. A., and R. F. Muraca. 1963. “Determination of Water in Red Fuming Nitric Acid by Karl Fischer Titration.” Analytical Chemistry 35 (12): 1967–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60205a055
• Burr, P., and C. Reber. 1984. “The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.” In 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1984-482. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-482
• Burrows, M. L. 2008. Extended Radar Return from a Rocket Engine: A Thermal Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada492443
• Burstein, S., W. Chinitz, and H. Schechter. 1972. “A Nonlinear Model of Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1146. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1146
• Burt, David A. 1967. The Development of a Gerdien Condenser for Sounding Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0655808
• Burt, Jonathan, and Iain Boyd. 2007a. “High Altitude Plume Simulations for a Solid Propellant Rocket.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1013. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1013
• Burt, Jonathan, and Iain Boyd. 2007b. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Particle Radiation in High Altitude Solid Rocket Plumes (Invited).” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5703
• Burt, Jonathan, and Iain Boyd. 2009. “Application of a Multiscale Particle Scheme to High Altitude Rocket Exhaust Flows.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-1567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1567
• Burth, Robert Henry. 2025. “Enhancing Nasa Sounding Rocket Capabilities through Composite Material Adoption.” PhD diss., Peraton (United States). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260001822
• Burth, Robert H., Philip G. Cathell, David B. Edwards, et al. 2023. NASA Sounding Rockets User Handbook. 810-HB-SRP. Peraton Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230006855
• Burton, Rodney, Eric Loth, and Michael Selig. 2007. “Supersonic Aircraft for Reusable Rocket Air-Launch (SARRA).” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5841. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5841
• Burton, W. M., and R. Wilson. 1965. “Observations of the Sun in the Extreme Ultra-Violet Made from a Stabilized Skylark Rocket.” Nature 207 (4992): 61–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/207061a0
• Burtseva, Natalia L. 2019. “RD-171MV Rocket Engine – Power That Conquers Gravity.” Aerospace Sphere Journal, no. 2: 20–25. https://doi.org/10.30981/2587-7992-2019-99-2-20-25
• Busch, R. 1978. Development of Sputtering Process to Deposit Stoichiometric Zirconia Coatings for the inside Wall of Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Thrust Chambers. NASA-CR-159412. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790002944
• Bush, Kenneth S. 1967. Yo-Yo Despin Mechanisms. Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670026880
• Bush, Clarence C. 1980. Inertial Despin Moment Measurements of a Canted Loose Ring during Spin and Nutation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada086112
• Bushnell, David. 2007. “Optimization of an Axially Compressed Ring and Stringer Stiffened Cylindrical Shell with a General Buckling Modal Imperfection.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2007-2216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2216
• Bushnell, P. S., Jr., and J. R. Busse. 1966. Localized Overheating in Aerobee Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chambers. NASA-TM-X-55516. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660021049
• Bushnell, P. S., Jr., and J. R. Busse. 1967. Aerobee 150 Propulsion Failure. NASA-TN-D-3359. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670008172
• Bushnell, P. S., Jr., J. R. Busse, G. E. Kraft, and M. T. Leffler. 1965. A Compendium of NASA Aerobee Sounding Rocket Launchings for 1964. NASA-TM-X-55712. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670010536
• Bushnell, P. S., Jr., J. R. Busse, G. E. Kraft, and M. T. Leffler. 1967. A Compendium of NASA Aerobee Sounding Rocket Launchings for 1966. NASA-TN-D-3912. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670025553
• Busing, Jens A., and Fred Urban. 1987. “Attitude Acquisition and Tracking Capabilities of the Instrument Pointing System.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0641, edited by Richard R. Auelmann, Herbert L. Richard. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.964423
• Busse, J. R. 1966. Mobile Aerobee Launch Facility. NASA-TM-X-55694. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670009424
• Busse, J. R. 1967. Mobile Aerobee Launch Facility. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041815
• Busse, J. R., and G. E. Kraft. 1966. Aerobee 150 Structural and Aerodynamic Pitch Coupling. NASA-TM-X-1279. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660029199
• Busse, J., and J. Kreuzer. 1967. “Liquid Propellant Utilization for Sounding Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1334
• Busse, J. R., and M. T. Leffler. 1966. A Compendium of Aerobee Sounding Rocket Launchings from 1959 through 1963. NASA-TR-R-226. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660005621
• Bussiere, M., and M. Prel. 1994. “Ariane V Solid Rocket Booster Nozzle Development Status.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3063. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3063
• Buzzo, Bruce. 1992. Automation and Remote Control Instrumentation Development. Rocket First Motion Timing System (RFMTS). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada249970
• Byram, E. T., T. Chubb, H. Friedman, and N. Gailar. 1953. “Lyman-Alpha Radiation in the Solar Spectrum.” Physical Review 91 (5): 1278–79. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.91.1278
• Byrne, W., Jr. 1963. “Magnetohydrodynamic Power Generation from a Supersonic Rocket Exhaust.” In 5th Physico-Chemical Diagnostics of Plasmas. AIAA 1963-384. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-384
• Byron, R., and C. Morse. 1968. “Advanced Pressurization System for Liquid Rockets.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-628. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-628
• Błachut, J. 2017. “The Effects of Varying Axial Length on Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315166605-45
• Błażejewski, P., and J. Marcinowski. 2013. “A New Approach to the Buckling Resistance Assessment of Pressurized Spherical Shells.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Application. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15684-43
• Caballero, Guillermo Alexander Krauch. n.d. “Development of a Program for the Multidisciplinary Optimization of a Single Stage Rocket.” PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. https://doi.org/10.11606/003129651
• Cadieux, Francois, and Michael F. Barad. 2024. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Supersonic Parachute Inflation: Model Sensitivities.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4225. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4225
• Cadieux, Francois, and Michael F. Barad. 2025. “Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulation of Supersonic Parachute Inflation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5205824
• Cadieux, Francois, and Michael F. Barad. 2026. “Supersonic Parachute Inflation Simulations Relevant to the Mars Sample Retrieval Lander.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3810. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3810
• Cady, E. 1969. “An Investigation of Fluorine-Hydrogen Main- Tank-Injection Pressurization.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-528. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-528
• Cady, E., and D. Kendle. 1971. “Vehicle-Scale Investigation of a Fluorine- Hydrogen Main Tank Injection Pressurization System.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-645. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-645
• Cady, E., and D. Kendle. 1972a. “Vehicle-Scale Investigation of a Fluorine Jet-Pump Liquid Hydrogen Tank Pressurization System.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1133. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1133
• Caffiero, Luca, Stefania Carlotti, and Filippo Maggi. 2024a. Investigation of Hypergolic Ignition of Green Kerosene-Based Fuels with HTP. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0148
• Cai, Li, Jianguo Wang, Mi Zhou, Jinxin Cao, and Yadong Fan. 2024. “Acoustic Observation of Rocket Triggered Lightning Flashes.” In Rocket-Triggered Lightning. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2347-8_6
• Caimi, Raoul E., Ravi N. Margashayam, Jamal F. Nayfeh, and Karen Thompson. 2001. Rocket Launch-Induced Vibration and Ignition Overpressure Response. NASA Kennedy Space Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010038008
• Cairns, F. V. 1965. “Rocket Antenna Voltage Breakdown in the Upper Atmosphere.” Canadian Journal of Physics 43 (8): 1558–61. https://doi.org/10.1139/p65-146
• Cajun-Dart Sounding Vehicle Final Report. 1965. NASA-CR-74067. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660014203
• Calabia, Andrés, and Shuanggen Jin. 2021. “Upper-Atmosphere Mass Density Variations from CASSIOPE Precise Orbits.” Space Weather 19 (4): e2020SW002645. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020sw002645
• “Calculation of Pressure in a Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor with the Use of a Real Dependence of the Solid Propellant Burning Rate on Pressure.” 2017. Физика горения и взрыва, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.15372/fgv20170510
• Caledonia, G. E. 1991. “Measurement and Predictions of Spectral Radiance from a Booster Class Solid Propellant Rocket Low-Altitude Exhaust Plume.” In Targets, Backgrounds, and Discrimination, edited by G. H. Kelley, Joseph S. Accetta. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2300205
• Calhoon, William H., Jr. 1998. Evaluation of Afterburning Cessation Mechanisms in Fuel Rich Rocket Exhaust Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada404895
• Call, Vicki, and Donald Mason. 1990. “Space Shuttle Redesigned Solid Rocket Booster Structural Dynamic Predictions and Correlations of Liftoff.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2081. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2081
• Callaway, Lawrence C. 1963. Pacific Missile Range Trajectories. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0405121
• Callsen, Steffen, Moritz Herberhold, Jascha Wilken, and Martin Sippel. 2026. “Reference Datasets of Primary Rocket Engine Emissions for Global Launch Inventories.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9353704/v1
• Camargo, Juan David Blanco. n.d. “Literature Review of the Environmental Impact on the Atmosphere of Rocket Engine Emissions during Launch, Flight and Re-Entry.” PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo. Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. https://doi.org/10.11606/003128508
• Cameron, J. W. 1965. Instrumentation Flight Report on Aerobee Flights 4.107 Ge and 4.108 Ge. NASA-TM-X-55127. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650007659
• Cameron, J. W., and R. W. Conrad. 1964. Instrumentation Report on Nike Apache Flight 14.127 Gi. NASA-TM-X-55172. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650009358
• Campbell, J. E. 1962. Steels for Large Solid-Propellant Rocket-Motor Cases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0292258
• Campbell, D. 1965a. “Contributions of Photoelasticity to Evaluation of Solid Propellant Motor Integrity.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-190. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-190
• Campbell, R. L. 1965b. Design, Fabrication, Test and Flight of Bbrc Type Spc 300 Solar Pointing Controls and Bbrc Type Tel 200 Telemetry Systems Final Report. NASA-CR-67207. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650025373
• Campbell, J. A. 1968. “Lyman-Alpha Scattering and the Solar Wind.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 1 (4): 157–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1323358000011206
• Campbell, P. 1970. “EOILAC Motor Development for High-Thrust, Short-Action-Time Rocket Propulsion.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1385. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1385
• Campbell, Tanner, Adam Battle, Bill Gray, et al. 2023. “Spin Axis and Physical Property Inversion of Moon-Impactor Chang’e 5-T1 Rocket Body.” In AMOS 2023 Technical Papers. AMOS Conference. https://doi.org/10.64861/tpft8593
• Campbell, John, and Joseph Riccio. 1995. “High Performance Earth Storable Rocket Engine.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2399
• Canavan, G. 1997. Debris Masses and Areas Inferred from the Launch Catalog. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/434431
• Candler, Graham V. 2001. Simulation of Nonequilibrium Rocket Motor Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada394241
• Canizares, C. R. 1976. M.I.T. Studies of Transient X-Ray Phenomena. MIT. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760055451
• Cankaya, Adam, and William Arnold. 2006. “Microgravity Science Glovebox CFD Model for the Zero Boil-Off Tank Experiment.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-1336. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1336
• Cannizzo, Lou F. 1997. Development of New Energetic Materials for Advanced Solid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada407949
• Cantrell, W. 1964. The Mother-Daughter Ionospheric Experiment Payload Description and Performance Scientific Report No. 229/e/. NASA-CR-59530. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650001546
• Cantrell, F. D., and J. D. Gibson. 1973. Aging and Surveillance Testing of a Minuteman LGM-30F Stage II Rocket Motor at Simulated Pressure Altitude (Motor S/N AA20078, Designation OP-15). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0907801
• Cao, Yijun, Weidong Huang, and Jinfei Li. 2017a. “Effect of Ambient Vibration on Solid Rocket Motor Grain and Propellant/liner Bonding Interface.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1839. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982443
• Cao, Yihua, and Chongwen Jiang. 2007. “Numerical Simulation of the Flow Field around Parachute during Terminal Descent.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 79 (3): 268–72. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660710743877
• Cao, Yihua, Shuai Nie, and Zhenlong Wu. 2017b. “Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation: A Methodological Review.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233 (2): 736–66. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410017705900
• Cao, Yihua, Kan Wang, Ziwen Yu, and Xing Pan. 2007. “Numerical Simulation of Parachute Fluid-Structure Interaction and Flow Field Analysis.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2573. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2573
• Cao, Y., Z. Wu, Q. Song, and J. Sheridan. 2009. “Numerical Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction in the Opening Process of Conical Parachute.” Aeronautical Journal 113 (1141): 165–75. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000011441
• Cao, Yihua, and Hong Xu. 2004. “Parachute Flying Physical Model and Inflation Simulation Analysis.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 76 (2): 215–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660410526079
• Capache Payload Recovery System. 1967. NASA-TM-X-63277. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680020756
• Capener, E., J. Chown, and L. Dickinson. 1965. “Studies on Ionization Phenomena Associated with Solid Propellant Rockets.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-182. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-182
• Cappuccio, Paolo, Andrea Sesta, Thomas Syndercombe, et al. 2025. Estimation of Spacecraft Outgassing during the Lunar-Earth Gravity Assist of JUICE Using Radiometric Observations. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-16492
• Card, Michael, and Robert Jones. 1966. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders with Eccentric Longitudinal Stiffeners.” In 7th Structures and Materials Conference. AIAA 1966-1703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1703
• Carey, L. 1964. “Pressure-Fed Liquid Rocket Payload Potential.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-268
• Carey, L. 1967. “Dual Mode 100-1 Thrust Modulation Rocket Engine.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-506
• Carleton, F. B., and F. J. Weinberg. 1987. Laser Initiated Ignition of Liquid Propellant. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada191099
• Carman, J. 1970. “A Study of the Magnus Effects on a Sounding Rocket at Supersonic Speeds.” In 8th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1970-207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-207
• Carpenter, H. W. 1969. Protective Coating System for a Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber Final Report, 30 Jun. 1967: 31 Jan. 1969. NASA-CR-72569. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690025747
• Carpenter, H. W. 1971. Protective Coating System for a Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber Final Report, 1 Feb. 1969: 31 Dec. 1970. NASA-CR-72855. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710018566
• Carpenter, D. L., N. Dunckel, and J. F. Walkup. 1964. A New Vlf Phenomenon- Whistlers Trapped below the Protonosphere. NASA-CR-58255. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650019860
• Carpenter, G. B., B. P. Ficklin, L. E. Orsak, and L. H. Rorden. 1965. Vlf Propagation and Noise in the Ionosphere Observed by Sounding Rockets Final Report. NASA-CR-67376. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650025978
• Carr, M. H., and H. J. Gabe. 1967. Micrometeorite Flux Determined from the 1965 Luster Sounding Rocket Collection. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670058695
• Carruthers, G. R. 1971. Far-Ultraviolet Spectra and Photometry of Perseus Stars. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710048899
• Carruthers, G. R. 1979. Ultraviolet Astronomy Instrumentation for Sounding Rocket and Shuttle/Spacelab Missions. AIAA PAPER 79-0491. U.S. Navy, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041745
• Carruthers, G. R., H. M. Heckathorn, and C. B. Opal. 1982. Far Ultraviolet Wide Field Imaging with a SPARTAN (Experiment of Opportunity) Payload. AIAA PAPER 82-1711. Hulburt (E. O.) Center for Space Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064495
• Cartwright, D. G. 1964. Rocket Observations of the Intensity of Very Low Frequency Noise above the Ionosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640039604
• Cartwright, D. G., and P. J. Kellogg. 1974. “Observations of Radiation from an Electron Beam Artificially Injected into the Ionosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 79. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740044941
• Caruntu, Dumitru I., and Christopher Shove. 2005. “Overview of Payload Vibration Isolation Systems.” In Design Engineering, Parts A and B. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82138
• Casalino, Lorenzo, Guido Colasurdo, and Dario Pastrone. 2009. “Integrated Design of Hybrid Rocket Upper Stage and Launcher Trajectory.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-4843. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4843
• Casalino, Lorenzo, and Dario Pastrone. 1999. “Optimal Mixture-Ratio Control for a Single-Stage-to-Orbit Rocket.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2185. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2185
• Casalino, Lorenzo, Dario Pastrone, and Francesco Simeoni. 2011. “Effects of Limitation of Nozzle Flow Separation on Launcher Performance.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-6141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6141
• Case, William Scott. n.d. “Aerospike Thrust Vectoring Slot-Type Compound Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2010.86
• Case, E. Glenn. 2008. “Preliminary Design of a Hybrid Rocket Liquid Injection Thrust Vector Control System.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-1420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1420
• Casey, J. F. 1965. Ground Support, Data Analysis and Associated Research and Development for the Rocket Grenade Experiment Final Report, 16 Aug. 1961: 31 May 1965. NASA-CR-77235. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025395
• Casey, W. 1995. “Solid Rocket Motor Separation Thruster Ordnance Initiated for the Delta Launch Vehicle.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2410. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2410
• Casey, J. F., J. J. Horvath, W. S. Smith, and J. S. Theon. 1970. Temperature, Pressure, Density, and Wind Measurements in the Stratosphere and Mesosphere. NASA-TR-R-340. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700027277
• Casiano, Matthew, James Hulka, and Vigor Yang. 2009. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Throttling: A Comprehensive Review.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5135. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5135
• Cassady, Leonard, and Jared Daum. 2019. “Orion Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) Riser Twist Load Amplification.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3141
• Cassell, Alan, Paul Wercinski, and Ethiraj Venkatapathy. 2019a. “ADEPT Sounding Rocket One (SR-1) Flight Test.” In Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190031937
• Cassell, Alan, Paul Wercinski, Bryan Yount, et al. 2019b. “ADEPT Sounding Rocket One Flight Test Overview.” In International Planetary Probe Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190027649
• “Catch a Falling Star: Parachute System Lessons Learned during the USAF Space Capsule Mid-Air Recovery Program, 1959-1985.” 1993. In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1243
• Cato, G. 1964. “Measurement of Free-Air Properties from Onboard a Large Launch Vehicle.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-326. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-326
• Caton, J., and M. Franke. 1991. “Two-Dimensional Thrust Vector Control Nozzle.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2101
• Catura, R. C., and L. W. Acton. 1975a. Analysis of Aerobee 17.012 Data. NASA-CR-145875. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760006069
• Catura, R. C., and L. W. Acton. 1975b. Rocket Observations of the Perseus X-Ray Source. Lockheed Research Laboratories. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750051493
• Catura, R. C., L. W. Acton, R. Berthelsdorf, J. L. Culhane, P. W. Sanford, and A. Franks. 1979. Cosmic X-Ray Telescope for ARIES Rocket Observations. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800033303
• Cavallini, Enrico, Bernardo Favini, and Agostino Neri. 2016. “Motor Scale and Propellant Geometry Effects on Pressure Oscillations in Aft-Finocyl Solid Rocket Motors.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4793
• Cavender, Daniel, Brandon Setayesh, Nathan Toy, and Robert Frederick. 2012. “Design of a High Power Rocket Aerodynamics DAQ Payload.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3881. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3881
• Caveny, L., K. Kuo, and B. Shackelford. 1979. “Thrust and Ignition Transients of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1137
• Cebula, R. P., and P. D. Feldman. 1982. Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Zodiacal Light. Johns Hopkins Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830035804
• Cecil, Orie M., and Joseph Majdalani. 2017. “The Taylor-Culick Profile for Spinning Rocket Motors.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4779. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4779
• Celmer, J. J., J. H. Donohue, and S. J. Placanica. 1982. A Jet Controlled Magnetic Referenced Attitude Control System for Spinning Payloads. AIAA PAPER 82-1730. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064505
• Celmins, Ilmars. 1987. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Fin- and Flare-Stabilized 25 Mm XM910 Prototypes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada191683
• Celmins, Ilmars. 1990. Projectile Supersonic Drag Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada224217
• Cerantola, David J., Dan Handford, and Pradeep Dass. 2024. Combined Air-Breathing and Rocket Propulsion System Trajectory Analysis for Delivering Payload to Space. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0063
• Ceresuela, Rene. 1967. “The Aerodynamic Problems of the Sounding-Rocket Vehicles.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1308. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1308
• Chacko, C. C., and M. Mendillo. 1980. Search of Archived Data Sources for Rocket Exhaust-Induced Modifications of the Ionosphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/6635843
• Chaffee, N. H., and J. A. Wiltz. 1967. Manned Spacecraft Center’s Experience with Vacuum-Ignition Phenomena in Bipropellant Reaction Control Engines. AIAA PAPER 67-514. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670055248
• Chalfant, C. P., and J. H. Lane. 1967. Development of the Aerobee 350 Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041767
• Challa, M., G. Natanson, and N. Ottenstein. 2000. “Magnetometer-Only Attitude and Rate Estimates for Spinning Spacecraft.” In Astrodynamics Specialist Conference. AIAA 2000-4241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4241
• “Challenges of Hybrid Rocket Propulsion in the 21st Century.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0593.0638
• Chamberlain, Malcom T. 1979. Data Analysis of Film from AFGL Rocket A31.603. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada092705
• Chamberlin, Phillip C., Thomas N. Woods, and Francis G. Eparvier. 2004. “Rocket Extreme Ultraviolet Grating Spectrometer (EGS): Calibrations and Results of the Solar Irradiance on February 8, 2002.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5538, edited by Regina Soufli, John F. Seely. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.559874
• Chamberlin, Phillip C., Thomas N. Woods, and Francis G. Eparvier. 2006. “Rocket Extreme Ultraviolet Grating Spectrometer (EGS): Calibrations and Results of the Solar Irradiance on February 8, 2002.” Optical Engineering 45 (06): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2209695
• Champion, K. S. W. 1968. “Composition of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_7
• Chandler, Frank O. 2023. “Zeus, the Preliminary Design of a Turbopump-Fed Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1665. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1665
• Chandler, Frank O., and Caroline Herrera. 2025. “Development of a Small Turbopump-Fed Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0763. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0763
• Chandler Karp, Ashley, and Elizabeth Therese Jens. 2024. “Hybrid Regression Rate Data.” In Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Design Handbook. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-816199-9.00014-7
• Chandra, S. 1964. Plasma Diffusion in the Ionosphere. NASA-RP-155. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640008590
• Chang, I-Shih. 1990. “Slag and Thermal Environment of a Spinning Rocket Motor.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2205. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2205
• Chang, Lubin. 2021. “Interlaced Attitude Estimation for Spacecraft Using Vector Observations.” Guidance, Navigation and Control 01 (03): 2150017. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721500175
• Chang, Lang-Mann, and Douglas E. Kooker. 2003. Ignition and Flame Propagation in Narrow Channels of Solid Propellant. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada416554
• Chang, Craig, and Dale Nielsen. 1990. “Identification of the Loading Environments of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster during Re-Entry and at Water Impact.” In 31st Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1990-1048. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1048
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989a. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 1. January. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227122
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989b. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 10, October. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227127
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989c. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 2. February. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227123
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989d. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 3. March. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227124
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989e. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 4. April. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227125
• Changery, Michael J., Claude N. Williams, Michael L. Dickenson, and Brian L. Wallace. 1989f. Joint U.S. Navy/U.S. Air Force Climatic Study of the Upper Atmosphere. Volume 7. July. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227126
• Chantry, P. J., and A. V. Phelps. 1970. Atomic Collision Processes Relating to the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0704885
• Chaouat, Bruno, and Francois Vuillot. 1992. “A Multi-Domain 3D Euler Solver for Flows in Solid Propellant Rocket Motor with AFT Fin.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3507. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3507
• Chaowanapreecha, Puwit, and Pitaakphong Rattanagraikanakorn. 2023. “Simulation-Based Design Framework for Supersonic University Sounding Rocket Project.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-75759. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-75759
• Chapman, S. 1931a. “The Absorption and Dissociative or Ionizing Effect of Monochromatic Radiation in an Atmosphere on a Rotating Earth.” Proceedings of the Physical Society 43 (1): 26–45. https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/43/1/305
• Chapman, S. 1931b. “The Absorption and Dissociative or Ionizing Effect of Monochromatic Radiation in an Atmosphere on a Rotating Earth Part II. Grazing Incidence.” Proceedings of the Physical Society 43 (5): 483–501. https://doi.org/10.1088/0959-5309/43/5/302
• Chapman, Sydney. 1951. “Photochemical Processes in the Upper Atmosphere and Resultant Composition.” In Compendium of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-70-9_22
• Chapman, Sydney. 1954. “A Monochromatically Ionized Layer in a Non-Uniformly Recombinant Atmosphere; with Applications to the D and E Ionospheric Regions.” Proceedings of the Physical Society. Section B 67 (9): 717–27. https://doi.org/10.1088/0370-1301/67/9/307
• Chapman, Sydney. 1955. “The Molecular Diffusive Rate of Change of Composition in the Atmosphere.” Journal of Meteorology 12 (2): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1955)012<0111:tmdroc>2.0.co;2
• “Chapter 2. Spacecraft Sensors and Attitude Determination.” 1994. In Control of Spacecraft and Aircraft. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400880034-005
• “Chapter XVIII: THE MOTION OF a ROCKET IN a SMOOTHBORE LAUNCHER.” 1983. In Quasilinearization and the Identification Problem. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789814542494_0018
• Char, Jir-Ming, and Jun-Hsien Yeh. 2009. “Plume Temperature Measurements of a Spin-Stabilized Rocket.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5440. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5440
• Charles, Richard D. 2017. “Simulation of the Baseline Performance Characteristics of a Ram-Air Parachute.” In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2017-3545. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3545
• Charney, J. G., and P. G. Drazin. 1990. “Propagation of Planetary-Scale Disturbances from the Lower into the Upper Atmosphere.” In The Atmosphere — A Challenge. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-944970-35-2_17
• Charron, Robert W., Thomas J. Campbell, Thomas DiMilla, and Lawrence P. 1978. Electronic Supporting Units for Sounding Rocket Payloads,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada062241
• Chartier, A. T. 2022. “The Potential for a Networked Ionospheric Sounding Constellation.” Space Weather 20 (5): e2022SW003089. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003089
• Charton, Virgile, Takato Morimoto, and Kiyoshi Kinefuchi. 2024. “Prediction of in-Flight Telemetry Attenuation by a Ionized Solid Rocket Engine Plume at High Altitude Using a Continuous-Rarefied Simulation Methodology.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4597
• Chase, Ramon, and Leon McKinney. 2005. “A Least Cost Reusable Operationally Responsive Space Launch Vehicle Demonstrator.” In Space 2005. AIAA 2005-6745. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6745
• Chasovitin, Yu. K., V. G. Khryukin, N. M. Klyueva, and G. P. Komrakov. 1974. “Rocket Measurements of Electron Density and Electron Temperature at Sunset.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-036
• Chasovnikov, E. A. 2020. “Specific Features of the Aerodynamic Moment and the Pitch Damping of a Re-Entry Vehicle Model Exercising Free Oscillations at Supersonic Speeds.” Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 27 (3): 331–38. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0869864320030026
• Chatterjee, B. 1954. “Regularities in the F-Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 173 (4397): 263–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/173263a0
• Chau, Jorge Luis, Juan Miguel Urco, Juha Pekka Vierinen, et al. 2019. “Novel Specular Meteor Radar Systems Using Coherent MIMO Techniques to Study the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 12 (4): 2113–27. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-2113-2019
• Chaudhary, Pramod. 2024. “CFD Analysis of CD Nozzle with Sharp Throat and CD Nozzle with Curved Throat.” Online Journal of Robotics & Automation Technology 2 (4). https://doi.org/10.33552/ojrat.2024.02.000542
• Chaudhary, Aryan, Bismanjyot Kaur Bindra, Vedansh Singh, Prabhjeet Singh, and Rakesh Kumar. 2025. “Experimental Design, Fabrication and Validation of a Small-Scale Liquid Bi-Propellant Rocket Engine.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0128
• Chaverini, Martin, Kenneth Kuo, Arie Peretz, and George Harting. 1998. “Regression Rate and Heat Transfer Correlations for HTPB/GOX Combustion in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3185. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3185
• Chawdhury, Nazmul Hasan Anik. 2026. “CEA-Based Performance and off-Design Assessment of LOX/Biofuel Rocket Propellant Candidates.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10158998/v1
• Chehroudi, Bruce. 2008. A Unified Approach on Combustion Instability in Cryogenic Liquid Rockets (Preprint). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada502420
• Chehroudi, Bruce. 2009. “A Unified Approach on Combustion Instability in Cryogenic Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-237. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-237
• Chelner, Herbert. 2002. Embedded Sensor Technology for Solid Rocket Motor Health Monitoring. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada405070
• Chelner, Herbert. 2003. Embedded Sensor Technology for Solid Rocket Motor Health Monitoring. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada412607
• “Chemistry of Lonization in Rocket Exhausts.” 1963. In Ionization in High-Temperature Gases. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864858.0301.0316
• Chen, Bo. 2008. “Ablation Characteristic of 3D C/SiC Composite Nozzle in a Small Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Inorganic Materials 23 (5): 938–44. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1077.2008.00938
• Chen, Yen-Sen. 2019. “Development of Hapith Small Launch Vehicle Based on Hybrid Rocket Propulsion.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3837
• Chen, Chen, Qilei Guo, and Peng Sun. 2020. “A Revised Numerical Model for Parachute Inflation Based on ALE Method.” Industria Textila 71 (06): 515–18. https://doi.org/10.35530/it.071.06.1708
• Chen, Yen-Sen, Y. Lian, L. Yang, B. Wu, T. Chou, and J. Wu. 2012b. “Combustion Modeling and Analysis of Hybrid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3749. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3749
• Chen, Szu Heng, and Syeda Mahmuda. 2024. “Regression Rate Study of Polyurethane in a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-90356. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-90356
• Chen, Chiung-Chu, and Michael McQuaid. 2014. A Thermochemical Kinetic-Based Study of Ignition Delays for 2-Azidoethanamine-Red Fuming Nitric Acid Systems: 2-Azido-N-Methylethanamine (MMAZ) vs. 2-Azido-N,N-Dimethylethanamine (DMAZ). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada599206
• Chen, Lily C., and James R. Wertz. 1978. “Geometrical Basis of Attitude Determination.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9907-7_10
• Chen, Yen-Sen, and Bill Wu. 2018. “Development of a Small Launch Vehicle with Hybrid Rocket Propulsion.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4835. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4835
• Chen, Zhou, Jialiang Zhang, Jing-song Wang, et al. 2026b. “A TIEGCM-Based Inversion Model for Ionosphere-Thermosphere Parameters Driven by Three-Dimensional Electron Density.” Science Advances 12 (16): eaea2406. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aea2406
• Chen, Qian, and Wentao Zhao. 2005. “Studies of Parallel Algorithm in Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3741. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3741
• Cheng, S. I. 1985. “L*-Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Combustion.” In Recent Advances in the Aerospace Sciences. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4298-4_13
• Cheng, G., and R. Farmer. 2002. “CFD Spray Combustion Model for Liquid Rocket Engine Injector Analyses.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-785. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-785
• Cheng, Gary, and Richard Farmer. 2003. “Development of Efficient Real-Fluid Model in Simulating Liquid Rocket Injector Flows.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4466. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4466
• Cheng, Qiyun, Huihua Yang, Shanbin Shi, and Wei Ji. 2024. “A Data-Driven Based Coupling Approach for Cryogenic Propellant Tank Long-Term Pressure Control Predictions.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5001793
• Cheng, Han Chi, Li Yu, Rong Wei, and He Jia. 2012. “A Numerical Study of Parachute Inflation Based on a Mixed Method.” Aviation 16 (4): 115–23. https://doi.org/10.3846/16487788.2012.753676
• Chentsov, Alexey V., Tatyana Y. Chesnokova, and Boris Voronin. 2021a. “Contribution of New Water Vapor Lines to the Atmospheric Absorption of Ultraviolet Radiation.” In 27th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics, Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii, Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2602320
• Chentsov, A. V., T. Yu. Chesnokova, B. A. Voronin, and S. N. Yurchenko. 2021b. “Estimation of H2O Absorption Line Contributions to Atmospheric Transmission in the Ultraviolet Spectral Region.” Atmospheric and Oceanic Optics 34 (6): 547–52. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1024856021060075
• Cherniavskyi, Oleksandr. 2026. “Specific Aspects of Mathematical Modeling of Filling of Branched Feedlines within a Reconfigurable Feed System during Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Start-up.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/3083-7057-2026-1-035
• Chernogor, L. F. 2022. “Large-Scale Reductions in the Electron Density of Ionospheric f-Region, Observable along Rocket Trajectories at Launch.” Radio Physics and Radio Astronomy 27 (1): 26–37. https://doi.org/10.15407/rpra27.01.026
• Chernyshov, Mikhail V. 2025. “Gradients of the Flowfield of an Overexpanded Gas Jet in the Vicinity of the Nozzle Edge.” Aèrokosmičeskaâ tehnika i tehnologii. 3 (3): 408–42. https://doi.org/10.52467/2949-401x-2025-3-3-408-442
• Cheung, H., N. Cohen, and I. Elias. 1964. “Acceleration of Burning Rate of Composite Propellants by Sound Waves.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-108. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-108
• Chew, Thomas J. 1973. Hydraulic Flip Behavior in Typical Liquid Rocket Operating Regimes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0764730
• Chhibber, R., C. Prabhakaran, S. G. Kulkarni, and S. P. Panda. 1992. “Rocket Performance of Red Fuming Nitric Acid with Blends of Norbornadiene, Carene and Cardanol.” Defence Science Journal 42 (3): 165–71. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.42.4376
• Chia, Yu Shen. n.d. “Hybrid Rocket Motor – Simulation of Combustion Ballistics for a Wax Hybrid in Eilmer.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/4f58ce1
• Chiaverini, M., N. Serin, D. Johnson, Y. Lu, K. Kuo, and G. Risha. 1996. “Thermal Pyrolysis and Combustion of HTPB-Based Solid Fuels for Hybrid Rocket Motor Applications.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2845. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2845
• Chiba, Kazuhisa, Masahiro Kanazaki, Atthaphon Ariyarit, et al. 2015. “Multidisciplinary Design Exploration for Sounding Launch Vehicle Using Hybrid Rocket Engine in View of Ballistic Performance.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 32 (3). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2015-0038
• Chiba, Kazuhisa, Hideyuki Yoda, Shoma Ito, et al. 2016a. “Ascendancy of Extinction-Reignition on Single-Stage Hybrid Sounding Rocket in View of Fuels.” In 57th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2016-0583. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0583
• Chiesa, Sergio, Michele Grassi, Gennaro Russo, and Paolo Teofilatto. 2005. “A Small-Scale Low-Cost Technology Demonstrator of a Reusable Launch Vehicle.” In AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2005-3346. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3346
• Chin, P. 1994. “Lockheed Launch Vehicles – an Effective Use of Reliable, Low Cost Propulsion.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3389. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3389
• Chinn, V., S. Dekany, and J. Shigemoto. 1979. “Low Drift Magnetometer Roll Control System for Solar Pointing Sounding Rocket Payloads.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-500. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-500
• Chintalapati, Sunil, and Daniel Kirk. 2008. “Parametric Study of a Propellant Tank Slosh Baffle.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4750
• Chirivella, Jose. 1987. “Spacecraft Contamination Potentials from Arcjet Thrusters.” In 19th International Electric Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1087. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1087
• Chisel, D. M., and R. K. Rose. 1968. “A Fluidic Proportional Thruster System for Sounding Rocket Applications.” In AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690038116
• Chiu, H. 1986. “Theory of Bipropellant Combustion. II: Conjugate, Normal and Composite Combustion in Liquid Rocket Combustion Chamber.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-221. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-221
• Cho, Gyu-Sik, Young-Suk Jung, and Seung-Hyub Oh. 2012. “Helium Quantity Estimation for LOx Tank Pressurization of a Restartable Pressure-Fed Propulsion System.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 16 (3): 77–81. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2012.16.3.077
• Choi, Won;Kim, Kyu-Hong;Lee, Kyung-Tae;. 2002. “The Study of Aerodynamic Heating Characteristics for the Design of Nose Shapes of Space Launcher.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 30 (6): 14–20. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2002.30.6.014
• Choi, Kyoungsik, Eunsung Lee, Byoungwook Kim, and Hee-Soup So. 2025. “Unguided Rocket Initial Trajectory Characteristics under Main Rotor Downwash and Development of the Virtual Airspeed and Direction Sensor.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 53 (1): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2025.53.1.11
• Choi, Jong ho, Hyeon-Gull Yoon, and Jin-shik Lim. 2009. “Inserted Type Solid Rocket Booster Separation from an Air Breathing Engine Vehicle.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5430. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5430
• Chou, David C., and Theodore F. Smith. 1974. Aerodynamic Heating of Supersonic Blunt Bodies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada001135
• Chowdhury, Arindrajit, Shiqing Wang, and Stefan Thynell. 2009. “Ignition Behavior of Novel Hypergolic Materials.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5352. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5352
• Chown, J. B., J. E. Nanevicz, and E. F. Vance. 1970. VHF Breakdown on a Nike-Cajun Rocket. Stanford Research Inst. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700022978
• Chree, C. 1909a. “Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 80 (2057): 127–127. https://doi.org/10.1038/080127b0
• Chree, C. 1909b. “The Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 80 (2066): 397–98. https://doi.org/10.1038/080397b0
• Christensen, W. 1978. “Acoustic Emission Strand Burning Technique for Motor Burning Rate Prediction.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-984. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-984
• Christensen, E. 1991. “The Effect of Pressure Stiffness on the Dynamic Characteristics of the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM).” In 32nd Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1991-940. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-940
• Christensen, Eric R., Andrew M. Brown, and Greg P. Frady. 2007. “Calculation of Dynamic Loads Due to Random Vibration Environments in Rocket Engine Systems.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070031993
• Christensen, Dean E., and Robert L. Richardson. 1977. A Multiple Rocket Launcher Simulation. Report II. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada041269
• Christodoulou, Christos. 2013. Ionosphere-Thermosphere Coupling: Data Analysis and Numerical Simulation Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada599154
• Christos, T., and H. E. Perlee. 1965. Summary of Literature Survey of Hypergolic Ignition Spike Phenomena, Phase I Final Report, Apr. 8: Dec. 31, 1965. NASA-CR-78986. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660030422
• Christou, C., R. Loda, and D. Levin. 1990. “Lidar Feasibility Studies on in-Flight Rocket Plumes.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-138. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-138
• Christou, C., R. Loda, and D. Levin. 1991. “Simulation of Range-Resolved DIAL Measurements on in-Flight Rocket Plumes.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-461. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-461
• Chu, Min, and Xu Xu. 2014. “Time-Domain Numerical Simulation of High Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3416
• Chubb, Robert S. 1952. Experimental Investigation of the Static Aerodynamic and Dynamic Damping-in-Roll Characteristics of an 8-Cm Aircraft Rocket with Solid and Slotted Fins. NACA-RM-A52C04. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930087011
• Chubb, T. A., H. Friedman, R. W. Kreplin, and J. E. Kupperian. 1957a. “Rocket Observation of X-Ray Emission in a Solar Flare.” Nature 179 (4565): 861–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/179861a0
• Chubb, T. A., H. Friedman, R. A. Kreplin, and J. E. Kupperian. 1957b. “Rocket Observation of X-Ray Emission in a Solar Flare (Reply).” Nature 180 (4584): 501–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/180501a0
• Chubb, W., H. Kennel, C. Rupp, and S. Seltzer. 1974. “Flight Performance of Skylab Attitude and Pointing Control System.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-900. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-900
• Chubb, W. B., H. F. Kennel, C. C. Rupp, and S. M. Seltzer. 1975. “Flight Performance of Skylab Attitude and Pointing Control System.” In 11th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1975-301. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-301
• Chubb, W., D. Schultz, and S. Seltzer. 1967. “Attitude Control and Precision Pointing of the Apollo Telescope Mount.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-534. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-534
• Chuen, R., and P. Wilber. 1966. “Ignition of Hypergolic Propellants at Low Pressure and Low Temperature in a Space Environment Simulation Chamber.” In Space Simulation Conference. AIAA 1966-2232. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-2232
• Chung, Yong-Gahp. 2008. “Investigation on Temperature Drop during Pressurant Discharging from Pressurant Tank of Liquid Rocket Propulsion System (II).” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 36 (3): 279–84. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2008.36.3.279
• Chung, Jacob Nan-Chu. 2026. “Cryogenic Propellant Thermal-Fluid Management for Chemical and Nuclear Spacecraft Propulsion: Importance, Physics, and Zero-Boil-Off Strategies.” SPACE 2 (1): 10–14. https://doi.org/10.32473/space.2.1.142127
• Chung, Y., D. Krebs, and J. Peebles. 2001. “Estimation of Payload Random Vibration Loads for Proper Structure Design.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-1667. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1667
• Chunling, Xue, 火箭军工程大学，陕西 西安 710025, Feng Zhang, and Lianxiong Liu. 2022. “On-Line Monitoring Method of Rocket Body Sloshing Based on Binocular Vision Measurement.” Journal of Applied Optics 43 (1): 81–86. https://doi.org/10.5768/jao202243.0103002
• Churchyard, J. 1979. “A New Higher Order Ballistic Wind Compensation Methodfor Sounding Rocket Launching.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-509. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-509
• Ciancaglio Netto, Nelson, Carlos Eduardo Fracari do Nascimento, and Cesar Addis Valverde Salvador. 2025. “Development and Aerodynamic Analysis of the Tau Rocket Team’s 500M Apogee Solid Propellant Rocket for the Latin American Space Challenge 2023.” In Proceedings of the 28th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2025.cob2025-1505
• Ciccotosto, Bruce, and Daniel M. Hauser. 2021. “Autogenous Pressurization of a Cryogenic Tank Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3558. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3558
• Cichocki, Maciej K., and Dariusz Sokołowski. 2023. “Lessons Learned and the Recent Achievements of a Three-Stage Suborbital Rocket Production.” Safety & Defense 9 (1): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.194
• Cieśliński, Dawid, Michał Ranachowski, Krystian Kutnik, et al. 2024. On Development of Green Storable Liquid Rocket Engine with Thrust Variation. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0009
• Civrais, Clement H., Craig White, and Rene Steijl. 2023. “Evaluation of a Kinetic-Theory Approach for Chemical-Reaction Rates in Upper-Atmosphere Hypersonic Flows.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3809. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3809
• Claffy, George. 1963. Cryogenic Stretch-Forming of Solid-Propellant Rocket Cases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403459
• Clapp, S. 1969. “Rocket Performance Optimization for the Space Storable FLOX/LPG Propellant System.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-506
• Clapp, Mitchell, and Maxwell Hunter. 1993. “A Single Stage to Orbit Rocket with Non-Cryogenic Propellants.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2285. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2285
• Clariano, Glória Maria, and Fillipe Leite. 2026. “Aerodynamic Oρtimization of a Model Rocket Nose Cone and the Impact of Telemetry Integration.” In International Brazilian-Ukrainian Scientific Conference of Students, PhD Candidates and Young Researchers “Aerospace Technologies”. State University “Kyiv Aviation Institute”. https://doi.org/10.18372/kai.2026.conf02.a9
• Clark, Matthew. n.d. “Developing a Standard Payload Module for the Zuni Rocket.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/311868
• Clark, D. 1967. “Activation and Initial Test Operations of Large Rocket Engine: Thrust Chamber Test Facilities.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-455. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-455
• Clark, G. W. 1968. “Recent Results on Extragalactic Cosmic X-Ray Sources from Rocket and Balloon Flights.” In Highlights of Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3417-3_15
• Clark, Ian, Juan Cruz, Monica Hughes, Joanne Ware, Albert Madlangbayan, and Robert Braun. 2009. “Aerodynamic and Aeroelastic Characteristics of a Tension Cone Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.” In 20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2009-2967. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2967
• Clark, D. B., P. C. Fisher, A. J. Meyerott, and K. L. Smith. 1964. Observational Result on x-Rays. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650033789
• Clark, G., G. Garmire, R. Giacconi, et al. 1966. “Some Observational Aspects of X-Ray Astronomy.” In INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ENRICO FERMI. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680040998
• Clark, G., G. Garmire, R. Giacconi, et al. 1965. Angular Sizes of the x-Ray Sources in Scorpio and Sagittarius. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650038029
• Clark, Ian G., John W. Van Norman, Joseph M. Brock, and Clara”, ‘Muppidi, Suman “O’Farrell. 2017. Development of Models for Disk-Gap-Band Parachutes Deployed Supersonically in the Wake of a Slender Body. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210007715
• CLARK JR,EDWARD LEE, Donald McBride, and John Henfling. 2001. Ribbon Surface Pressure and Wake Velocity Data for the Experimental Validation of a Vortex-Based Parachute Inflation Code. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/783089
• Clark, E., Jr., and A. Hodapp Jr. 1970. “An Improved Technique for Determining Missile Roll Rate with the Epicyclic Theory.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-536
• Clarke, John. 1998a. Continuation of the University of Michigan Sounding Rocket Program. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990115028
• Clarke, John T. 1998b. Sounding Rocket. Michigan Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980218943
• Clarke, John T. 2000. Final Report for Sounding Rocket. Michigan Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000032185
• Clary, Joseph, Alfonso Lagares, Barnabe Marty, and Griffin Jourda. 2024. “Design of a Modular Avionics System for a Two-Stage Sounding Rocket.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-85660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-85660
• Clay, James T. 1967. Nose Bluntness, Cone Angle, and Mach Number Effects on the Stability Derivatives of Slender Cones. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0661549
• Clegern, James. 1994. “Computer Aided Solid Rocket Motor Conceptual Design and Optimization.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-12. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-12
• Clements, Kathryn, Michael Baier, P. Veeraraghavan Ramachandran, and Steven Son. 2019. “An Experimental Study of Factors Affecting Hypergolic Ignition of Ammonia Borane.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4101
• “A Climatology of the Upper Atmosphere.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0533.0553
• Cline, M., and R. Wilmoth. 1984. “Computation of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Nozzle Start-up Transient Flow.” In 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1984-462. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-462
• Clout, Antoine. n.d. “Hybrid CFD-DSMC Simulation for High Altitude Rocket Motor Plumes.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/f3d6b9f0zb96fz463fzb439z46653781bdb9
• Coates, R., and N. Ryan. 1964. “The t-Burner Method of Determining the Acoustic Admittance of Burning Propellants.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-137
• Coats, D. 1981. “Effects of Nozzle Inlet and Throat Geometry on the Specific Impulse of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-36. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-36
• Coble, G. L., Jr., and J. A. Nagy. 1964. Flight Vibration Data of the Aerobee 150a Sounding Rocket. NASA-TN-D-2314. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640013111
• Coblentz, W. W., and R. Stair. 1936. “Distribution of the Energy in the Extreme Ultraviolet of the Solar Spectrum.” Journal of Research of the National Bureau of Standards 17 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.017.001
• Cochran, V., and L. Duncan. 1966. “Meteorological Real-Time System Used in Support of Unguided Rocket Firing.” In Conference on Aerospace Meteorology. AIAA 1966-336. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-336
• Cochran, J., Jr., J. Batson Jr., and D. Christensen. 1977. “Dynamic Coupling of Gross and Fine Motions of a Flexible Spinning Free Rocket.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1141
• Cochran, J., Jr., and D. Christensen. 1979. “Post-Launch Effects of Transverse Bending of a Spinning Free-Flight Rocket during the Guidance Phase.” In 5th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference for Future Space Systems. AIAA 1979-1668. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1668
• Cochran, J., Jr., and D. Christensen. 1981. “Launcher/rocket Dynamics and Passive Control.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1902
• Cocirla, Gianluca, Marco Grossi, Daniele Bianchi, and Bernardo Favini. 2025. “Modeling Three-Dimensional Effects and Nozzle Heat Transfer in Aft-Finocyl Solid Rocket Motors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2331
• Cockrell, D., and J. Eaton. 1979. “Longitudinal Oscillation Damping for Fully-Inflated Parachute Canopies.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-459. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-459
• Cockrell, David, and N. Haidar. 1993. “Influence of the Canopy-Payload Coupling on the Dynamic Stability Inpitch of a Parachute System.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1248
• “CODAG Sounding Rocket Experiment.” 1999. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 71 (3). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.1999.12771cab.006
• Code, A. D. 1975. Study for Application of a Sounding Rocket Experiment to Spacelab/shuttle Mission. NASA-CR-144677. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750025069
• Codrescu, Mihail V., Stefan M. Codrescu, and Mariangel Fedrizzi. 2022. “Storm Time Neutral Density Assimilation in the Thermosphere Ionosphere with TIDA.” Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12: 16. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022011
• Coffey, Victoria N., Michael O. Chandler, Craig J. Pollock, and Thomas E. Moore. 1999. Thermal Electron Results from the CAPER Sounding Rocket. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990100922
• Cohen, Morris B., and Marc Alexander Higginson-Rollins. 2020. “Measuring the Electron Density Roughness of the D-Region Ionosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10502907.1
• Cohen, H. A., C. Sherman, E. G. Mullen, et al. 1979. “Design, Development, and Flight of a Spacecraft Charging Sounding Rocket Payload.” In NASA. Lewis Res. Center Spacecraft Charging Technol., 1978. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790015838
• Coil, Millicent. 2010. “Hypergolic Ignition of a Gelled Ionic Liquid Fuel.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6901. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6901
• Coleburn, N. L., and B. E. Drimmer. 1961. The Thermal Behavior of Explosives Subjected to Simulated Aerodynamic Heating, III. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0326783
• Coleman, Daniel K., Marcus Lobbia, and Jerry Rowan. 2026. “A New Methodology for Stress Analysis of Supersonic Parachute Inflation.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3855. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3855
• Coleman, Dianne J., and Kenneth T. Luey. 1998. “Photochemical Deposition of Spacecraft Material Outgassing Products.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3427, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, William E. McClintock, Gary J. Rottman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.328505
• Collicott, Steven H. 2014. “An Experimenter’s Experiences in Early Commercial Suborbital Flight.” Gravitational and Space Research 2 (2): 66–69. https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0017
• Collicott, Steven H., and Monish Lokhande. 2026. “Popcorn from Suborbital Spaceflight.” Gravitational and Space Research 14 (1): 38–42. https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2026-0005
• Collins, Jon, Randolph Nyman, and Isaac Lottati. 2005. “Estimation of Space Shuttle Orbiter Re-Entry Debris Casualty Area.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-6321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6321
• Collinson, Glyn, Alex Glocer, Rob Pfaff, et al. 2022. “The Endurance Rocket Mission.” Space Science Reviews 39 (218). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220016281
• Colombier, R., and M. Pollet. 1991. “Solid Rocket Motor Ignition Overpressure Prediction.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2437. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2437
• Colquitt, C., Jr. 1968. “Fluidics for Propellant Tank Pressurization.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-629. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-629
• Colucci, S. E. 1960. “Experimental Determination of Solid Rocket Nozzle Heat Transfer Coefficient.” In Ballistic Missile and Space Electronics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-395519-7.50015-x
• Colwell, R. C., and A. W. Friend. 1936. “The D Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 137 (3471): 782–782. https://doi.org/10.1038/137782a0
• Combes, M. 1971. “Rocket Experiment by Electronic Camera for Studying the Metallic Discontinuities in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of ‘A’ Stars.” Symposium - International Astronomical Union 41: 361–62. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900103791
• Combs, L. 1970. “Comprehensive Analysis of Liquid Rocket Combustion.” In 6th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1970-622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-622
• “Combustion Dynamics of Homogenous Solid Propellants in a Rocket Motor with Acoustic Excitations.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0885.0906
• Combustion in a Rocket Motor. 2001. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/3527600507.ch9
• “Combustion Instability.” 2019. In Rocket Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108381376.013
• “Combustion Instability Analysis: Analytical Models for Combustion Instability.” 1995a. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0403.0430
• “Combustion Instability Analysis: Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics Techniques to Engine Instability Studies.” 1995b. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0503.0525
• “Combustion Instability Analysis: Calculations of Combustion Response Profiles and Oscillations.” 1995c. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0455.0473
• “Combustion Instability Analysis: Effects of Turbulence on Linear Acoustic Instability: Spatial Inhomogeneity.” 1995d. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0431.0454
• “Combustion Instability Analysis: Numerical Analysis of Engine Instability.” 1995e. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0475.0502
• “Combustion Instability and Transient Behavior in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0351.0412
• “Combustion Instability in Solid Rockets Using Propellants with Reactive Additives.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0393.0422
• “The Combustion Mechanism of Solid Rocket Propellants.” 2016. In Solid Rocket Propellants: Science and Technology Challenges. The Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782620969-00132
• “Combustion of Aluminum Particles in Solid-Rocket Motor Flows.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0723.0747
• “Common Cause Case Study — An Estimated Probability of Four Solid Rocket Booster Hold-Down Post Stud Hang-Ups (PSAM-0372).” 2006. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management (PSAM). ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.802442.paper37
• Comparin, R., and W. Wilson. 1969. “An Analysis of the Flow-Disturbance and Side Forces Due to Gaseous Secondary Injection into a Rocket Nozzle.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-443. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-443
• “A Comparison of Calculated and Measured Rocket Plume Infrared Radiation.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0177.0185
• “Comparison of the Theory with Plume Radiance Measurements from the Bow Shock Ultraviolet 2 Rocket Flight.” 1992. In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-125. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-125
• “Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Infrared Radiation from a Rocket Exhaust.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0186.0203
• “Comparison of Theory with Atomic Oxygen 130.4 Nm Radiation Data Fromthe Bow Shock Ultraviolet 2 Rocket Flight.” 1993. In 28th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1993-2811. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2811
• Compilation of Papers Presented to Meeting on Space Vehicle Landing and Recovery Research and Technology. 1962. NASA-TM-69058. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730061695
• Comptroller of the Air Force. 1952. United States Air Force Statistical Digest, Fiscal Year 1951: Sixth Edition. ADA542515. Comptroller of the Air Force. https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA542515
• Comptroller of the Air Force. 1953. United States Air Force Statistical Digest, Fiscal Year 1952: Seventh Edition. ADA542516. Comptroller of the Air Force. https://archive.org/details/DTIC_ADA542516
• “Computational Analysis of Combustion in Recirculating Flow for Rocket Exhausts in Supersonic Streams.” 1981. In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1386. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1386
• “Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Hybrid Rocket Flowfields.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0323.0350
• Conboy, Thomas, and Eric Desjardins. 2024. “Two-Phase Microgravity Pumped-Loop Experiment (TEMPLE): A Payload for Suborbital Flight Testing.” In 53rd International Conference on Environmental Systems. International Conference on Environmental Systems. https://doi.org/10.32865/2346/98742
• Condon, John A., Michael S. Hollis, and Fred J. Brandon. 1997. Free-Flying Magnetometer Launcher Conceptual Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada326391
• Cone, Bruce E. 1976. The United States Air Force Eastern Test Range. Range Instrumentation Handbook. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada029237
• Conley, T., J. Draper, and P. Jarvinen. 1969. “Analysis of Radar Return from Turbulent High- Altitude Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-71. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-71
• Connaughton, J., and W. Wharton. 1966. “An Experimental Study of Hypergolic Ignition and Restart in a Uniquehybrid Window Motor.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-69. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-69
• Connell, Terrence L., Grant A. Risha, Richard A. Yetter, and Benveniste Natan. 2014. “Effect of Fuel Type on Hypergolic Ignition of Hydrogen Peroxide with Gelled Hydrocarbon Fuel.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3470. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3470
• Connell, Terrence L., Grant A. Risha, Richard A. Yetter, and Benveniste Natan. 2018b. “Investigation of Gel Hydrocarbon Fuels and Hydrogen Peroxide as a Hypergolic Bipropellant.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 17 (1): 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2018024419
• Conrad, R. W., and J. R. Lease. 1965. Instrumentation Report on Nike Apache Flights 14.194 Ca and 14.195 Ca. NASA-TM-X-55125. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650007147
• Conrad, R. W., and J. C. Modlin. 1965. Telemeter Design Parameters for Nike Apaches 14.171 Ge: 14.176 Ge. NASA-TM-X-55222. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650017761
• Consort Suborbital Rocket Series: Starfire I on Launch Rail. 1993. HQ-E-DAA-TN54416. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050236495
• Constantinescu, Cristian Emil. 2019. “A Reactive Control System for a Partially Guided Small Sounding Rocket.” MATEC Web of Conferences 304: 07011. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930407011
• “Contamination of Spacecraft and Planets.” 2007. In Planetary Landers and Entry Probes. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511536052.016
• Content, D., S. Antonille, T. Wallace, D. Rabin, and S. Wake. 2006. “SHARPI/PICTURE Sounding Rocket Telescope.” In Mirror Technology in the Government 2006. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070006517
• Cook, G. E. 1965. “Rocket Dispersion.” Nature 206 (4987): 860–860. https://doi.org/10.1038/206860a0
• Cook, M. 1989. Field Joint Environmental Protection System Vibration/pressurization Qualification. NASA-CR-183673. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890015078
• Cook, Mart, and L. Gruet. 2003. “Characterization of Space Shuttle Reusable Solid Rocket Motor Static Test Stand Thrust Measurements.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-280
• Cooney, John A. 1979. Laser Radar Measurement of Atmospheric Temperature Profiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069400
• Cooper, O. L. 1962. Section c, Physical Sciences. Rocket-Borne Instrumentation Equipment for Ionic Conductivity Studies in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630003168
• Cooper, Gene R. 2005. Moments on a Coning Projectile by a Spinning Liquid in Porous Media. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada444065
• Cooper, Gene R. 2010. Adding Liquid Payloads Effects to the 6-DOF Trajectory of Spinning Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada519118
• Cooper, Gene R. 2011. Trajectory Prediction of Spin-Stabilized Projectiles with a Steady Liquid Payload. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada553573
• Cooper, Gene R., and Kevin S. Fansler. 1997. Yaw Card Influence on Stability and Yaw Growth for Spin-Stabilized Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada328915
• Cooper, David, and Robert Frederick. 1993. “The Measurement of Electron Density in a Rocket Motor Plume.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2453. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2453
• Cooper, E., and D. Seaton. 1982. “Sounding Rockets Utilized to Support Department of Defense Programs.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1706
• Coopersmith, Jonathan C., and Eric Davis. 2016. “A Strategic Roadmap for Commercializing Low-Cost Beamed Energy Propulsion Launch Systems.” In AIAA Space 2016. AIAA 2016-5555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5555
• Copper, J. 1992. “Single Stage Rocket Concept Selection and Design.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1383. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1383
• Corbet, Sarah. n.d. “Design of a 3rd Stage Rocket for the SPARTAN Space Launch System.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/80eac74
• Corbett, A., T. Seamans, B. Dawson, and C. Cheetham. 1964. Hypergolic Ignition at Reduced Pressures. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0610144
• Cordesse, Pierre. n.d. “Contribution to the Study of Combustion Instabilities in Cryotechnic Rocket Engines: Coupling Diffuse Interface Models with Kinetic-Based Moment Methods for Primary Atomization Simulations.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/ea472716z96d9z4e9ez9ff7z3f2524092292
• Corliss, W. R. 1971. NASA Sounding Rockets, 1958: 1968: A Historical Summary. NASA-SP-4401. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720005224
• Corman, A., and N. J. Guarino. 1965. Canister for Producing TMA Trails in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA-CR-57751. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650011192
• Coron, Y. 1978. “Deployable Exit Cones for Rocket Motor Nozzles.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1566
• Corpening, Jeremy H. 2010. “Analytic Modeling of Pressurization and Cryogenic Propellant.” In Department of the Navy. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100022074
• “Correlation of Parameters in the Burning Rate Law and Its Influence on Intraballistic Characteristics of a Rocket Motor.” 2016. Физика горения и взрыва, no. 4. https://doi.org/10.15372/fgv20160406
• Cortopassi, Andrew, and J. Eric Boyer. 2017. “Hypergolic Ignition Testing of Solid Fuel Additives with MON-3 Oxidizer.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-5050. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5050
• Corwin, R. A., W. R. Woodis, and J. R. Reuter. 1986. Design and Development of High Strength Parachutes for Recovery of Filament Wound Case Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters. AIAA PAPER 86-2432. Martin Marietta Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870026545
• Cosstephens, S. 1995. “An Efficient Model for Coupling Solid Rocket Internal Flows with Grain Deformation.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2875. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2875
• Cost, T., and G. Weeks. 1980. “Free Flight Rocket Accuracy-Effect of Bending during Launch Phase.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-152. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-152
• Costello, Mark F. 2000. Modeling and Simulation of a Differential Roll Projectile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada382708
• Costello, Mark, and Raditya Agarwalla. 2001. Improved Dispersion of a Fin-Stabilized Projectile Using a Passive Moveable Nose. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada394484
• Costello, Mark, and Mark Costello. 1997. “Range Optimization of a Fin Stabilized Projectile.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3724
• Cosyn, Peter, Jan Vierendeels, and Jérôme Anthoine. 2003. “A Numerical Simulation of Aeroacoustic Phenomena in a Solid Rocket Booster.” In 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-3874. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3874
• Cote, O. 1965. CIRCULATION PROCESSES AND MIXING MECHANISMS IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE ABOVE 30 KM. Final Report on SEDIMENTATION AND DISPERSION OF PARTICULATE CLOUDS IN THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4577415
• Cothran, C. 1971. “A Survey of Contamination of Spacecraft Surfaces.” In 6th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1971-457. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-457
• Cotten, Donald, and William L. Donn. 1971. “Sound from Apollo Rockets in Space.” Science 171 (3971): 565–67. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.171.3971.565
• Cotter, K. 1986. “Leak-before-Burst Criteria Applied to Cryoformed Pressurant Tanks.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1503
• Cotton, Daniel M., Supriya Chakrabarti, and Oswald Siegmund. 1989. “Calibration of the Berkeley EUV Airglow Rocket Spectrometer.” In EUV, X-ray, and Gamma-Ray Instrumentation for Astronomy and Atomic Physics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900063229
• Coulbert, C. D. 1963. Selecting a Thrust Chamber Cooling Technique for Spacecraft Rocket Engines. AIAA PAPER 63-241. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630023320
• Counter, D., and B. Brinton. 1975. “Thrust Vector Control for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1172. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1172
• Couroneau, N., Y. Garcia, and O. Cauchois. 2009. “Safety Assessment of Solid Rocket Motors under Impact Loading.” In DYMAT 2009 - 9th International Conferences on the Mechanical and Physical Behaviour of Materials under Dynamic Loading, vol. 2. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/dymat/2009213
• Courvoisier, Thierry J.-L. 2012. “The Diffuse X-Ray Background and Other Cosmic Backgrounds.” In Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30970-0_21
• Covert, Eugene E., D. Scott Eberhardt, and Charles W. Haldeman. 1980. Further Studies on Magnus Phenomena on Spinning and Coning Bodies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada095193
• Covert, Eugene E., and Charles W. Haldeman. 1978. Initial Wind Tunnel Tests of a Magnetically-Suspended Spinning and Coning Ogive Cylinder. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada053758
• Cox, Everett F. 1948. “Upper Atmosphere Temperatures from Remote Sound Measurements.” American Journal of Physics 16 (9): 465–74. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1991145
• Cox, D. P., and P. R. Anderson. 1982. Extended Adiabatic Blast Waves and a Model of the Soft X-Ray Background. Wisconsin Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820041544
• Cox, E. F., and J. W. Reed. 1957. Long-Distance Blast Predictions, Microbarometric Measurements, and Upper-Atmosphere Meteorological Observations for Operations Upshot-Knothole, Castle, and Teapot. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0342207
• Coyle, Whitney L., Hunter N. Williams, Kent L. Gee, Makayle S. Kellison, and Grant W. Hart. 2025. “Evaluating Frequency Weighting in Community Noise Metrics for Rocket Launch Assessment.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 158 (4_Supplement): A240-A240. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0040741
• Crabill, N. L. 1961. Ascent Problems of Sounding Rockets. AGARD-391. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620007204
• Crabtree, D. L. 1962. Investigation of a Gas-Driven Jet Pump for Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0273836
• Craig, K. A. 1966. Rocket Engine Vibration Accurately Measured by Photography. MFS-1916. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660000650
• Crane, Leah. 2017. “When Lower-Atmosphere Waves Invade the Upper Atmosphere.” Eos. https://doi.org/10.1029/2017eo068195
• Crapiz, Dino. 1990. “Improvements in Composite Tactical Solid Rocket Motor Technology.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-1975. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1975
• Crassidis, John L. 2021. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” In Encyclopedia of Systems and Control. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44184-5_100038
• Crawford, F. W., and R. S. Harp. 1964. The Resonance Probe: A Tool for Ionospheric and Space Research. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608440
• Crawford, J., and W. H. Parkinson. 1969. Instrumentation and Flight Performance of HCO-NASA Aerobee 4.185 US High Resolution Wavelength Spectrometer. NASA-CR-105987. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690028906
• Crazzolara, Blanca, Patrick Gowran, and Jordi Vàzquez Mas. 2022. “Fly a Rocket! Programme: Assembly, Testing and Post-Flight Review of a Sounding Rocket Payload.” In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSEA). https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.127
• Creutzberg, F., and D. J. McEwen. 1978. “A Rocket-Ground Study of Electron Precipitation in the Cleft Region.” In Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022021-5.50070-7
• Crocco, L. 1964. “A Shock Wave Model of Unstable Rocket Combustors.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-143
• Crockett, K., and M. Birch. 1994. “Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Rocket Motor Age-Surveillance Program.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2916. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2916
• Crockett, K., and M. Birch. 1995. “The Advanced Medium Range Air-to-Air Missile (AMRAAM) Rocket Motor Age-Surveillance Program: Year 2.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2870. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2870
• Croft, T. A. 1965. Rocket Measurements of the Electron Density in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0462084
• Crone, Chet, Carl Stechman, and Pete Woll. 1993. “Combustion Instability in Small Earth Storable Bipropellant Rocket Engines.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1960. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1960
• Croom, Sheila, Audrey Robbins, and J. O. Thomas. 1960. “Variation of Electron Density in the Ionosphere with Magnetic Dip.” Nature 185 (4717): 902–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/185902a0
• Croomes, E. F., and R. C. McNutt. 1968. “Determination of Hydrofluoric Acid in Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Analyst 93 (1112): 729. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9689300729
• Crosby, Kevin, Eric Ireland, Kevin Lubick, Steven Mathe, Steven Metallo, and Rudy Werlink. 2014. “A Sounding Rocket Payload Experiment on Zero Gravity Fuel Gauging Using Modal Analysis.” Proceedings of the Wisconsin Space Conference. https://doi.org/10.17307/wsc.v0i0.10
• Cross, Peter G. 2019. “Coupled Simulations of Finite-Rate Ablation with Pyrolysis in Rocket Nozzles.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2877
• Cross Sapna, A., D. Gayathri Devi, S. Rajapandian, and L. Louis Sam Titus. 2021. “Design and Realization of Thrust Measurement System for High Altitude Testing of Cryogenic Rocket Engine.” Indian Journal of Cryogenics 46 (1): 49–54. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2021.00009.1
• Crosswy, F. L., and H. T. Kalb. 1967. Investigation of Dynamic Rocket Thrust Measurement Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0823181
• Crowley, Geoffrey. 2003. Neutral Density Structures in the High Latitude Thermosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada419581
• Crump, J., and E. Price. 1964. “The Effect of Acoustic Environment on the Burning Rate of Solid Propellants.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-141
• Cruz Aguirre, Fernando, Keri Hoadley, Jessica S. Li, Greyson Davis, and Allison Youngblood. 2026. “CRAFTS: An Extreme Ultraviolet Sounding Rocket Mission Concept.” In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2026: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, edited by Marco Feroci, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Shouleh Nikzad. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3105456
• Cruz Aguirre, Fernando, Nicholas J. Nell, Nicholas Kruczek, et al. 2021. “The Assembly, Calibration, and Predicted Performance of the SISTINE-2 Sounding Rocket Payload.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594393
• Cui, Juan. 2024. “Signal Processing Method for Rocket Motor Ultrasonic Burning Rate Measurement Based on Improved Wavelet Thresholding and Extreme Value Feature Fitting.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4968794
• Cui, Yuanbo, Deren Kong, Jian Jiang, Shang Gao, and Shuai Wang. 2021. “Study on Electromagnetic Radiation Interference Caused by Rocket Fuel.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-965825/v1
• Cui, Zuo, Zheng Ma, and Yong Ding. 2026. “Numerical Study of Thrust Eccentricity of Pintle Nozzle in Solid Rocket Motor with Variable Thrust.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-026-01280-x
• Cui, jiayuan, Hongfu Qiang, Xueren Wang, and jiaxiang Wang. 2022. “Study of Cumulative Damage to a Solid Rocket Motor Grain during Highway Transportation.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2068348/v1
• Culhane, J. L. 1981. “X-Ray Astronomy in the Future.” In X-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9949-3_79
• Culick, F. 1971. “Research on Combustion Instability and Application to Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-753. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-753
• Culick, F. 1972. “Research on Combustion Instability and Application to Solid Propellant Rocket Motors. II.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1049. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1049
• Culick, F. E. C. 1976. “Nonlinear Unsteady Motions in Solid Propellant Rockets with Application to Large Motors.” In Space Activity Impact on Science and Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020365-2.50030-5
• Culver, Richard S., and John S. Rinehart. 1964. Experimental Determination of Mechanical Response of Solid Rocket Propellant under High Strain Rate and Low Temperature. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0603871
• Cunha Martins, Paulo Gabriel, Rene Gonçalves, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, and Cristiane Aparecida Martins. 2025. “Combustion Simulation of a Paraffin Based Solid Fuel with Gaseous Oxygen inside a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-2133
• Cunningham, D., T. Gismondi, and G. Wilson. 1978. “System Design of the Annular Suspension and Pointing System /ASPS/.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1311. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1311
• Curcin, M., and R. I. Harris. 1986. “The Effect of Atmospheric Turbulence on the Dispersion of Unguided Missiles.” Aeronautical Journal 90 (894): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000015566
• Curdaneli, Sertac, A. Ulas, and Bora Yazici. 2013. “Ignition Delay Time Measurement of a Reduced Smoke Composite Solid Propellant.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 12 (2): 163–72. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2013005621
• Curren, A. N., R. C. Krueger, F. L. C. Manning, and H. G. Price Jr. 1967. Experimental Heat-Transfer Study of a Regeneratively Cooled Hydrogen-Fluorine Rocket Engine at Low Chamber Pressure. NASA-TN-D-4178. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670026338
• Curry, W., and J. Reed. 1966. “Measurement of Magnus Effects on a Sounding Rocket Model in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-754. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-754
• Curry, Warren, and James Uselton. 1967. “Some Comments on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Tomahawk Sounding Rocket.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1312. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1312
• Curtis, H. S., and C. T. Hagstrom. 1967a. Effect of Structural Compliance-Induced Cross- Axis Coupling on the Stability of a Two-Axis Thrust Vector Attitude Control System. AIAA PAPER 67-42. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670039719
• Curtis, H. S., and C. T. Hagstrom. 1967b. On Structural Compliance-Induced Coupling in a Thrust-Vector Control System. AIAA PAPER 67-42. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670064180
• Curtiss, L. F., and P. S. Gill. 1952. “The Variation of Intensity of Fast Cosmic-Ray Neutrons with Altitude.” Physical Review 85 (2): 309–12. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.85.309
• Cvrlje, Thomas. 1999. “Unsteady Separation of a Two-Stage Hypersonic Vehicle.” In 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3412
• Cyran, F., and R. Quinn. 1991. “Altitude Simulation Testing Facility Concepts for Large Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2165. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2165
• D’Amico Jr. and William P. 1984. A Three-Degree-of-Freedom Flight Simulator for Spin-Stabilized Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada140657
• D’Amico Jr., Beims William P., Rogers William G., and Thomas H. 1982. Pressure Measurements of a Rotating Liquid for Impulsive Coning Motion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada121603
• D’Elia, Christopher. n.d. “Development of Local Transient Heat Flux Measurements in an Axisymmetric Hybrid Rocket Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2015.4
• da Costa, F. Rubio, L. Fletcher, N. Labrosse, and F. Zuccarello. 2009. “Observations of a Solar Flare and Filament Eruption in Lyman Mathsfα and X-Rays.” Astronomy & Astrophysics 507 (2): 1005–14. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/200912651
• Dabanović, Andrija, Joel Martin, Stefan May, and Viola Wartemann. 2024. “Numerical Study on Post-Combustion Chamber Impact on Hybrid Rocket Performance.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4490644/v1
• Dąbrowski, Adam, and Leszek Dąbrowski. 2019. “Inverse Heat Transfer Problem Solution of Sounding Rocket Using Moving Window Optimization.” PLOS ONE 14 (6): e0218600. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0218600
• Dąbrowski, Adam, and Szymon Krawczuk. 2021. “Analysis of a Mechanical Vibration Filter and Amplifier for Sounding Rocket Applications.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202107.0056.v1
• Dagum, Leonardo, and S. Zhu. 1992. “Three Dimensional Particle Simulation of High Altitude Rocket Plumes.” In 27th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1992-2913. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2913
• Dahlene, D., W. Martin, and C. Pearson. 1969. “Liquid Expulsion by Direct Pressurization of a Spinning Propellant Tank.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-527. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-527
• Dahlke, C. W., and George Batiuk. 1990. HYDRA 70 MK66 Aerodynamics and Roll Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada226182
• Daimon, Yu, Hideyo Negishi, Nobuhiro Yamanishi, Yoshio Nunome, Masaki Sasaki, and Takeo Tomita. 2012. “Combustion and Heat Transfer Modeling in Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chambers (Optimal Solution Procedures for Heat Flux Estimation of a Full-Scale Thrust Chamber).” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-4009. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4009
• Daines, W., and D. Boyd. 1977. “Nozzle Contour Optimization for Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-944
• Daines, W., J. Mayberry, R. K. Lund, and R. Abel. 1974. “Prediction of Thrust Losses Occurring in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1201
• Dalgarno, Alex, and Eustratios Constantinides. 1978. Calculations Pertaining to the Energy Balance and Plasma Motions in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada058684
• Dalgarno, Alexander, and Eustratios Constantinides. 1979. Calculations Pertaining to the Energy Balance and Plasma Motions in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada083010
• Dalins, I., and V. McCarty. 1969. Seismographic Recording of Large Rocket Engine Operation. MFS-20545. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690000650
• Dambach, Erik, Kevin Cho, Timothée Pourpoint, and Stephen Heister. 2010. “Ignition of Advanced Hypergolic Propellants.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6984. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6984
• Damé, Luc, and Safinaz A. Khaled. 2013. “Solar Activity Monitoring of Flares and CMEs Precursors through Lyman-Alpha Imaging and Tracking of Filaments and Prominences.” Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 8 (S300): 523–24. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1743921313011824
• Danberg, James, and Paul Weinacht. 2002. “Approximate Computation of Pitch-Damping Coefficients.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5048. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5048
• Daniel, D., and J. Milton. 1980. “A Drag and Stability Analysis of Hypersonic Spin Stabilized Projectiles.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1587. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1587
• Daniels, Peter. 1970a. The Effect of Fin Slots and Fin Tabs on the Dynamic Stability Characteristics of the Navy Low Drag Bomb. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0705986
• Daniels, Peter, and Samuel R. Hardy. 1975. Roll-Rate Stabilization of a Missile Configuration with Wrap-Around Fins in Incompressible Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada019928
• Daniels, Peter, and Samuel R. Hardy. 1978. Theoretical and Experimental Methods in the Solution of Missile Nonlinear Roll Problems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada055718
• Danilov, A. D. 1970a. “Negative Ions and the Ionospheric D Region.” In Chemistry of the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1746-3_6
• Danilov, A. D. 1970b. “Results of Rocket Investigations of Parameters of the Upper Atmosphere.” In Chemistry of the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1746-3_1
• Dar, Arnon. 2008. “Influence of Supernovae, Gamma-Ray Bursts, Solar Flares, and Cosmic Rays on the Terrestrial Environment.” In Global Catastrophic Risks. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198570509.003.0017
• Darwell, H., and H. Leeming. 1965. “Mechanical Behavior of Cast-Double-Base Propellants in Rocket Motors.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-161. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-161
• Darwell, H., and G. Trubridge. 1967. “The Design of Rocket Nozzles to Reduce Gas Misalignment.” In 2nd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1967-1521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1521
• Das, Debendra K., Glen R. Moore, and Charles T. Boyer. 1988. “Heat Transfer Studies on a Rocket Nozzle for Naval Application.” Naval Engineers Journal 100 (1): 29–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1988.tb01450.x
• Das, Jagadish, Amarveer Pratap Rana, Deepan Chowdhury, Bhaskara Rao Latchipatula, and Michael Gozin. 2026. Hypergolic Propellants Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidizer. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527853267.ch21
• Dasgupta, Anubhav, Alexander Ephraim, and Surabhi Singh. 2025. “Detecting Low-Frequency Oscillations of Separated Shocks in Supersonic Overexpanded Nozzle Flows Using Shock Detection.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3029
• Dave, Pragnesh N., Shalini Chaturvedi, Riddhi Thakkar, and Ruksana R. Sirach. 2022. “A Short Review: The Effect of Nanomaterials for Thermal Decomposition of Solid Propellant Oxidizer AP.” Journal of applied chemical science international 13 (4): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.56557/jacsi/2022/v13i47625
• Davidsen, A. F., G. F. Hartig, and W. G. Fastie. 1977. “(Abstract) Observation of Lyman-Alpha Emission in 3C 273 with a Rocket-Borne Telescope.” Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 89: 615. https://doi.org/10.1086/130178
• Davidson, Kyle. 2021. “Flight Stability Analysis of a Flexible Rocket Using Finite Elements and Reduced-Order Modeling.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14657442.v1
• Davidy, Alon. 2009. “Heat Transfer Analysis and Surface Recession in Carbon-Carbon Rocket Nozzle Throat.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5424. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5424
• Davies, E. T. J. 1964. “British and American Work on the Motion of Unguided Rockets during the Burning Period.” In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50018-5
• Davis, T. N. 1973. Study of Artificially Generated and Natural Auroras. NASA-CR-133298. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730018661
• Davis, T. N. 1974. Television Observations of Artificial Aurora and Analyses of Flight Data from NASA Payload 12.18 NE. NASA-CR-140379. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750005379
• Davis, John M. 1989. “Soft X-Ray Astronomy Using Grazing Incidence Optics.” In Solar X-ray Astronomy Sounding Rocket Program. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900001481
• Davis, J. 1996. “Robust Technology Development of Rocket Propulsion for Reusable Launch Vehicles.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3112. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3112
• Davis, Roger, Melvin Bulman, and Clement Yam. 2006. “Numerical Simulation of a Thrust Augmented Rocket Nozzle.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-5205. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-5205
• Davis, C., and C. Davis. 1997. “Streamlining Spacecraft Hypergolic Propellant Logistics Operations at KSC/CCAS.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-2814. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2814
• Davis, J., A. De Caprio, R. Haggerty, et al. 1970. High Resolution X-Ray Images of the Sun Using a Grazing Incidence Telescope from a Solar Pointing Aerobee Rocket Final Report, Apr. 1968: Mar. 1970. NASA-CR-110354. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700020578
• Davis, J. M., R. Haggerty, A. S. Krieger, et al. 1973. High Resolution Studies of the Solar X-Ray Corona from Aerobee Rockets. NASA-CR-132984. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730017122
• Davis, H., and C. Jones. 1974. “Expendable Solid Rocket Motor Upper Stages for the Space Shuttle.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1091. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1091
• Davis, Noah S., and John H. Keefe. 1956. “Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide as a Propellant.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 48 (4): 745–48. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50556a025
• Davis, T. N., G. D. Mead, and J. M. Mead. 1969. Artificial Aurora Experiment: Position Measurements of Auroral Rays and Comparison with Predictions. NASA-TM-X-63578. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690020503
• Davis, Tom, Jr. 1988. “Launch Vehicle Operations Cost Reduction through Artificial Intelligence Techniques.” In 2nd Space Logistics Symposium. AIAA 1988-4734. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4734
• Davison, C. 1916. “The Abnormal Propagation of Sound by the Atmosphere.” Nature 98 (2448): 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1038/098071a0
• Day, E. 1980. “Qualification of Minuteman Stage III Motor for Spin Stabilized Perigee Stages.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1269
• Day, Donald W. 2013. “Circular Error Probability (CEP) of in a De-Reefed Parachute Payload Recovery System in Stratospheric Flights.” In AIAA Balloon Systems (BAL) Conference. AIAA 2013-1375. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1375
• Day, K. A., and N. J. Mitchell. 2009. “The 16-Day Wave in the Arctic and Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-25213-2009
• Day, K. A., and N. J. Mitchell. 2013. “Mean Winds, SAO and QBO in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere over Ascension Island (8° S 14° W).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-13-6779-2013
• Day, K. A., M. J. Taylor, and N. J. Mitchell. 2011. “Mean Winds, Temperatures and the 16- and 5-Day Planetary Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere over Bear Lake Observatory (42° N 111° W).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-30381-2011
• Dayman, B., Jr., and D. Kurtz. 1968. “Forebody Effects on Drogue Drag in Supersonic Flow.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-8. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-8
• Dayton, Allen D. 1963. Spinning Unguided Rocket Trajectory Digital Computer Program (Spurt). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0404815
• de Almeida, Daniel Soares, and Cristiane Maria de Moraes Pagliuco. 2014. “Development Status of the L75: A Brazilian Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 6 (4): 475–84. https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v6i4.386
• de Andrade Janene Gonini, Gabriel, Amanda Aliano, Luiza Moresco, Isabella Pasquali, and Amir Antonio Martins Oliveira. 2021. “Convergent and Divergent Angles of a Solid-Fuel Rocket Nozzle and Its Influences on the Motor’s Thrust Curve.” In Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-0521
• de Araujo, Raul P., Pedro T. Lacava, Luiz Eduardo N. de Almeida, and Flavio A. Cunha. 2016. “Burning Rate and Temperature Measurements of HTPB/AP/Al Propellants at Standard Rocket Motor Tests.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4599. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4599
• de Iaco Veris, Alessandro. 2020. “Fundamental Concepts on Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54704-2_1
• de Mendonça, F., J. H. Sobral, and D. B. Rai. 1969. “Equatorial Atmosphere Measurements Obtained with the Sounding Rocket Grenade Experiment.” Radio Science 4 (9): 741–50. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs004i009p00741
• De Meneses, F. C., P. Muralikrishna, and B. R. Clemesha. 2008. “Height Profiles of OI 630 Nm and OI 557.7 Nm Airglow Intensities Measured via Rocket-Borne Photometers and Estimated Using Electron Density Data: A Comparison.” Geofísica Internacional 47 (3). https://doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2008.47.3.76
• de Oliveira, Wilson Luiz, Heloise Assis Fazzolari, and Carlos Alberto de Paiva Carvalho. 2025. “Development of a PID Attitude Control System for Sounding Rockets in the International Rocket Engineering Competition.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2025-36-0105
• de Oliveira, Wilson Luiz, Heloise Assis Fazzolari, Cesar Monzu Freire, and Carlos Alberto de Paiva Carvalho. 2024. “6 Degrees of Freedom Simulation of an Unguided Sounding Rocket Using Matlab/Simulink.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-36-0095
• de Oliveira, Denny Mauricio, E. Zesta, Piyush M. Mehta, et al. 2022. Perspectives on the Thermosphere Response to Extreme Magnetic Storms: Current Status of Neutral Mass Density Modeling. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu22-8476
• De Pauw, J. F., L. E. Steffens, and J. A. Yuska. 1968. Description and Flight Performance Results of the WASP Sounding Rocket. NASA-TM-X-1518. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680007625
• De Soto, S., and H. Friedman. 1964. “Flame-Spreading and Ignition Transients in Solid Grain Propellants.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-122
• Dean, L., and L. G. Smith. 1982. An Improved Pulse-Height Analyzer for Energetic Particle Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA-CR-168946. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820016895
• Debreceni, Michael, Donald Jaekle, and T. Kuo. 2003. “Development of a Titanium Propellant Tank.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4604. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4604
• Debreceni, Michael, Donald Jaekle, and T. Kuo. 2004. “Development of a Composite Wrapped Propellant Tank.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3505
• Debreceni, Michael, William Lay, T. Kuo, and D. Jaekle Jr. 1996. “Design and Development of a Communications Satellite Propellant Tank.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2749. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2749
• “Debris from Spallation of Foam Insulation of Cryogenic Fuel Tanks in Space Launch Sytems.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0039.0053
• Deeley, R. M. 1911. “Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 88 (2198): 211–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/088211b0
• “Definition of the Standard Atmosphere.” 1954. Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.59161/cgpm1954res4e
• Degelsmith, Lisa, Claude Freaner, and Samuel Wagner. 1993. “Cost Methodology for a Responsive Launch Vehicle System.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2419. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2419
• Degtyarev, A., A. Kushnarov, and N. Kocherga. 2006. “Structures for Multiple Launch Configurations of Zenit Launch Vehicle: Gained Experiences, Perspective and Aspects of Protection against Space Debris.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-b5.5.10
• DeHoff, Bryan, Edgar K. Tucker, and R. McAmis. 1993. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Testing at Arnold Engineering Development Center.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/931447
• Del Casal, E. 1983. “Debris from Spallation of Foam Insulation of Cryogenic Fuel Tanks Inspace Launch Systems.” In 18th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1983-1457. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1457
• Delannoy, Guy, and Bernard Loubere. 1987. “A Physical Method for Predicting Thrust Imbalance of Solid Rocket Motor Pairs for a Satellites Launcher.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1740. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1740
• Delapierre, Melanie, and Sergio Pellegrino. 2015. “Spin-Stabilized Membrane Antenna Structures.” In 2nd AIAA Spacecraft Structures Conference. AIAA 2015-1403. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1403
• Delcher, R., A. Dergevorkian, and S. Barkhoudarian. 1989. “Fiberoptics for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Environments.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2416
• Delcher, R., D. Dinnsen, and S. Barkhoudarian. 1991. “Fiber Optics in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Environments.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920059986
• Delcher, R., D. Dinnsen, S. Barkhoudarian, and I. Cannon. 1990. Determination of the Durability of the Fiberoptics in Rocket Engine Environments. AIAA PAPER 90-2229. Rockwell International Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900055699
• DeLeeuw, J. H., and W. E. R. Davies. 1972. “Measurement of Temperature and Density in the Upper Atmosphere Using an Electron Beam.” Canadian Journal of Physics 50 (10): 1044–52. https://doi.org/10.1139/p72-144
• Delil, A. A. M., and J. F. Heemskerk. 1982. “Multilayer Insulation Blankets for Spacecraft Applications. Thermal Model Accounting for Outgassing and Different Ways of Gas Migration.” In Proceeding of International Heat Transfer Conference 7. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ihtc7.90
• Della Posta, Giacomo, Francesco Salvadore, Fulvio Stella, Agostino Neri, and Matteo Bernardini. 2024. “Large Eddy Simulations of an Ascending Space Launcher at Lift-Off.” In 30th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (2024). AIAA 2024-3290. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3290
• DeLombard, Richard, Kenneth Hrovat, and Kevin McPherson. 1999. “Experiment-to-Experiment Disturbance of Microgravity Environment.” In 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-576
• Delpeyrat, Julien, and Ervan Kassarian. 2018. “Student Rocket SERA-3 Flight Data Analysis.” In 2018 SpaceOps Conference. AIAA 2018-2382. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2382
• Demas, L. J., and R. L. Kinsley. 1971. “Functional Testing of Sounding Rocket Systems in a Simulated Flight Environment.” In ANNUAL TECHNICAL MEETING AND EQUIPMENT EXPOSITION. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710045811
• Dembrow, D. W., and L. B. Jamieson. 1964. Theoretical vs Actual Nike-Apache Sounding Rocket Performance. NASA-RP-224. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640013420
• Demore, J. 1965. “Microwave Attenuation Characteristics of Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Products.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-183
• Deng, Biao, Yuan Guo, An Zhang, and Sheng-jin Tang. 2017. “Finite Element Analysis of Large Rocket Launcher.” In Proceedings of the 2017 5th International Conference on Frontiers of Manufacturing Science and Measuring Technology (FMSMT 2017). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/fmsmt-17.2017.223
• Deng, Lei, Hongjun Xiang, Xichao Yuan, et al. 2026b. “Static and Dynamic Aerodynamic Characterization and External Ballistic Analysis of Fin-Stabilized Projectile Using a Coupled CFD/MATLAB Framework.” AIP Advances 16 (9): 095202. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0353233
• Deng, Pan, Tianshu Zhang, Wei Chen, and Jianguo Liu. 2016. “Measurements of Density, Pressure and Temperature in the Middle Atmosphere with Rayleigh Lidar.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 10155, edited by Sen Han, JiuBin Tan. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2243974
• Deng, Zhuyu, Weixing Zhou, Yuyang Bian, and Pengyu Zhang. 2026a. “Numerical Investigation of Zoned Closed-Loop Regulation for Nose Cone Transpiration Cooling under Unsteady Aerodynamic Thermal Loads.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7076615
• Denisenko, P. F., and V. V. Sotsky. 2021. “Reconstruction of Electron-Density Height Profiles Based in the Bottomside Ionosphere on Topside Satellite Sounding Data with the IRI Model.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 61 (2): 241–58. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793221020067
• Denker, John. 1969a. Altitude Simulation by Test Cell 1-42B during Rocket Motor Firings of Short Duration. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0862744
• Denker, John. 1969b. Altitude Simulation by Test Facility 1-42B during Repeated Start-Stop Operation of a Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0862908
• Dennis, Jacob, Timothee Pourpoint, and Steven Son. 2011. “Ignition of Gelled Monomethylhydrazine and Red Fuming Nitric Acid in an Impinging Jet Apparatus.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5706
• Dennis, Jacob, Steven Shark, James Villarreal, Carlos Ballesteros, and Angelo Colangelo. 2009. “Daedalus Astronautics at ASU: Development of a Staging Sounding Rocket and Experimental Solid Rocket Motors.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-209
• Dennis, Jacob, Steven Son, and Timothee Pourpoint. 2012. “Critical Ignition Criteria for Monomethylhydrazine and Red Fuming Nitric Acid in an Impinging Jet Apparatus.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-4325. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4325
• Denny, Matthew, and Robert A. Frederick. 2015. “Using Real-Time Radioscopy to Measure the Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Propellant.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4104. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4104
• Denton, E. H. 1970. Rocket-Borne Cryogenic Air Samplers. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710030745
• “The Deployment Experiment of Solar Sail with a Sounding Rocket.” 2004. In 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-a.5.10
• “Deployment Experiment Result of Solar Sail Using Sounding Rocket.” 2004. In 55th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-04-i.7.09
• Dequay, L., A. Lusk, and S. Nunez. 1991. “Integrated Flow and Structural Modeling for Rocket Engine Component Test Facility Propellant Systems.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2402. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2402
• Der, James, and Christine Stevens. 1987. “Liquid Propellant Tank Ullage Bubble Deformation and Breakup in Low Gravity Reorientation.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2021
• Derghazarian, Sevag, Larisa Goncharenko, Mateo Cardona Serrano, et al. 2025. “Incoherent Scatter Radar Observations of the F Region of the Ionosphere above the Eastern US during the April 2024 Solar Eclipse.” Preprint, EGUsphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-5389
• Derkevorkian, Armen, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, and Lee Peterson. 2019. “Effects of Structural Parameters on the FSI Simulation of Supersonic Parachute Deployments.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3276. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3276
• DeRoo, Casey T., Randall L. McEntaffer, Benjamin D. Donovan, et al. n.d. “Curved Diffractive X-Ray Optics for X-Ray Astronomy.” In SPIE Optical Engineering & Applications 2019. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210013349
• DeRoo, Casey, Randall L. McEntaffer, Ted Schultz, et al. 2013. “Pushing the Boundaries of X-Ray Grating Spectroscopy in a Suborbital Rocket.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8861, edited by Stephen L. O’Dell, Giovanni Pareschi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2022244
• DeSain, John, Thomas Curtiss, Kelly Metzler, and Brian Brady. 2010. “Testing Hypergolic Ignition of Paraffin Wax/LiAlH4 Mixtures.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6636. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6636
• “Design and Dynamics of Jet and Swirl Injectors.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0019.0103
• Design and Fabrication of a CCD Camera for Use with Relay Optics in Solar X-Ray Astronomy. 1984. NASA-CR-174334. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850009035
• The Design and Performance of Model 2.041 Quadraloop Telemetry Antennas for the NASA JAVELIN, Flight 12.03. 1964. NASA-CR-69095. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660005240
• “Design of Gas-Pressurized Propellant Feed Systems.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0135.0153
• “Design of Liquid-Propellant Space Engines.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0373.0388
• “Design of Nozzle and Fin Locking Unit for MRECM Rocket: A Study.” 2011. International Journal of Current Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.14741/ijcet/22774106/spl.4.2016.69
• “Design of Propellant Tanks.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0285.0304
• “Design of Rocket-Engine Control and Condition-Monitoring Systems.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0219.0283
• “Design of Thrust Chambers and Other Combustion Devices.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0067.0134
• “Design of Turbopump Propellant Feed Systems.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0155.0218
• Design, Construction, Test and Field Support of a Containerless Payload Package for Rocket Flight. 1977. NASA-CR-149997. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770019240
• Despain, Alvin M. 1966. Antenna Impedance in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0636999
• DeSpirito, James. 2008. “Effects of Base Shape on Spin-Stabilized Projectile Aerodynamics.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-6738. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6738
• DeSpirito, James. 2012. “Transient Lateral Jet Interaction Effects on a Generic Fin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2907. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2907
• DeSpirito, James. 2013. Lateral Reaction Jet Flow Interaction Effects on a Generic Fin-Stabilized Munition in Supersonic Crossflows. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada592880
• Dessler, A. J. 1959. “Upper Atmosphere Density Variations Due to Hydromagnetic Heating.” Nature 184 (4682): 261–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/184261b0
• Deters, R. A., D. F. Eisenhut, and R. F. Gates. 1966. The Fine Guidance Sensor: An Electronic Scanning Star Tracker. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660049162
• Devane, John F., and Edward A. Johnson. 1979. Investigation of Magnetic Field Phenomena in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada075356
• Devane, John F., and Edward A. Johnson. 1980. Investigation of Magnetic Field Phenomena in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada087526
• “Development of Low-Outgassing Resins and Electrical Conductive Paints for Thermal Control and Space Applications.” 1982. In Spacecraft Radiative Transfer and Temperature Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865572.0191.0200
• Dewangan, Hukum Chand, Nitin Sharma, Prashik Malhari Ramteke, and Subrata Kumar Panda. 2026. “Influence of Concentric Cutouts on Axially Compressed Laminated Shell Panel Buckling Behavior.” International Journal of Applied Mechanics 18 (06): 2650036. https://doi.org/10.1142/s1758825126500365
• Dewitt, R. 1969. “Pressurant Gas Requirements for the Pressurized Discharge of Liquid Hydrogen from Propellant Tanks.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-526. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-526
• Dhanasekaran, Jananee, and Vikram Ramanan. 2019. “Study of Regression Rates in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4416
• Dhandapani, Chandru, Jason Rabinovitch, and Guillaume Blanquart. 2020. “Combustion Studies of MMA/GO x for a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3280
• Dharavath, Malsur, P. Manna, and Debasis Chakraborty. 2023. “Numerical Exploration of Low Altitude Rocket Plume in Aircraft Vicinity.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 221–32. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v68i4.2016.341
• Di Marco, P., and W. Grassi. 2002. “Influence of Electric and Gravitational Force Fields on Nucleate Boiling of FC72 on a Wire: Results of a Sounding Rocket Campaign.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 608. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1449722
• Diachenko, M. I., and A. N. Temnov. 2015. “The Investigation of the Stability of the Propellant Intake in Carrier Rocket with Monopropellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of Dynamics and Vibroacoustics 2 (2): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.18287/2409-4579-2015-2-2-28-34
• Dicken, G., and J. Thacher. 1964. “Shear Strain Measurement in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-506
• Dickens, Kevin, Diane Linne, and Nicholas Georgiadis. 2003. “Experiment and Modeling of a Rocket Engine Heat Flux Environment for Materials Testing.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-283
• Dickinson, W. 1975. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Processing and Recovery Operations at Kennedy Space Center.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1174. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1174
• Didier, Boury, Aude Copey, Phillippe Cloutet, Eric Robert, and Nathalie Cesco. 2012. “Large Solid Rocket Motors for Future European Launcher.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3888. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3888
• Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger. 1996a. “Acoustic Methods for Probing the Upper Atmosphere.” In The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1_10
• Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger. 1996b. “Electromagnetic Waves in the Upper Atmosphere.” In The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1_12
• Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger. 1996c. “Pollution of the Upper Atmosphere.” In The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1_6
• Dietrich, F. J., and A. E. Leach. 1971. Advanced Thrust Chamber Designs. NASA-CR-72996. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720007140
• Dietrich, Nicholas, Tomoko Matsuo, and Chih-Ting Hsu. 2022. “Specifying Satellite Drag through Coupled Thermosphere-Ionosphere Data Assimilation of Radio Occultation Electron Density Profiles.” Space Weather 20 (8): e2022SW003147. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003147
• Dietz, J. M., R. F. Mallina, and C. F. Spahn. 1946. Launchers and Improved Components for 4.5 in. Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb815549
• Dillenius, Marnix, Thomas Canning, Teresa Lesieutre, and Samuel McIntosh. 1992. “Aeroelastic Tailoring Procedure to Optimize Missile Fin Center of Pressure Location.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-80. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-80
• Dillon, R., Jr. 1996. “Flight Dynamics of Fin Stabilized Projectiles.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-458. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-458
• DiMiceli, Jacob Daniel. n.d. “Attitude Determination of a Student Satellite Using on-Orbit Magnetometer and Temperature Data.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.62
• Dinesh, Mengu, and Rajiv Kumar. 2022a. “Effect of Protrusion Configuration on Combustion Stability of Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2378-4_18
• Ding, Feng, Gang Tao, and Peng Wen. 2024a. “High Plateau Drift Characteristics of Spin-Stabilized Projectile from Individual Recoilless Rifle with Rifling.” Physics of Fluids 36 (4): 047102. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0203055
• Ding, Feng, Gang Tao, Peng Wen, Zhonghui Jiang, Guipeng Ding, and Chunqiao Pang. 2024b. “Research on the Spin-Stabilized Projectile Spin Drift of Recoilless Rifle with Rifling.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2891 (12): 122021. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2891/12/122021
• Ding-Ding, Wang, Zheng Long-Xi, Lu Jie, Tan Wen-Hao, and Li Qing. 2024. “Investigation on Effect of Injector Orifice Diameter on Injector Atomization and Combustion Characteristics of Pulse Detonation Combustor.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 41 (4): 845–52. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2023-0088
• Dinh, Ian. n.d. “Design of Main Parachute Recovery System for AUSROC2.5 Rocket.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/345519
• Dirksen, R. J., M. Sommer, F. J. Immler, D. F. Hurst, R. Kivi, and H. Vömel. 2014. “Reference Quality Upper-Air Measurements: GRUAN Data Processing for the Vaisala RS92 Radiosonde.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-3727-2014
• Djatmiko, Agus Budi, Ronald Gunawan Putra, Aji Digdoyo, Fauzhia Rahmasari, and Saepul Anwar. 2023. “Design of Vibration Reduction Tools in RX 450 Rocket Payload.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2981. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0181793
• Do, Minh Hoang, Chin E. Lin, and Yei Chin Chao. 2018. “Sounding Rocket Booster Design, Manufacture and Testing.” International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 6 (5): 344–47. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2018.6.5.404
• Dobben, D., M. Baker, R. Sullivan, and S. Saha. 2024. “Manufacturability of a Prseus-Based Conformal Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In SAMPE 2024. NA SAMPE. https://doi.org/10.33599/nasampe/s.24.0188
• Dobrodomov, O. O. 2025. “Grain Design Influence and Manufacturing Technologies on the Performance of Solid-Propellant Rocket Boosters for Ultra-Light Launch Vehicles and Uavs.” System design and analysis of aerospace technique characteristics 37 (2): 14–23. https://doi.org/10.15421/472511
• Dobrodomov, Oleksandr, Vladislav Proroka, Oleksii Dobrodomov, Artem Shvets, Maksym Dalik, and Ihor Bilotserkovskyi. 2026. “Universal High-Precision Thrust Stand for Solid Rocket Motor Static Fire Tests.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 35 (1): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.15421/452557
• Dobrokhodov, Vladimir, Oleg Yakimenko, and Christopher Junge. 2002. “Simulink Implementation of the 6DoF Model of Controlled Circular Parachute.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4970. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4970
• Dodge, C., G. Nunz, and R. Riebling. 1972. “Experimental Evolution of an Earth-Storable Bimodal Rocket Engine.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1128
• Doering, J. P., P. D. Feldman, and J. H. Moore. 1970. Rocket Measurement of the Secondary Electron Spectrum in an Aurora. NASA-CR-116858. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009520
• Doering, J. P., P. D. Feldman, and J. H. Moore. 1971. Rocket Measurement of the Secondary Electron Spectrum in an Aurora. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710040938
• Doherr, K.-F. 1975. “Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of Parachute-Load-Systemdynamic Stability.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1397. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1397
• Doherr, Karl-Friedrich. 1993. “Stable Cross Type Parachute with Inflation Aid.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1201
• Doherr, K. 2003. “Extended Parachute Opening Shock Estimation Method.” In 17th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2003-2173. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2173
• Doherr, Karl-Friedrich, Olle Norrvi, and William Pepper. 1993. “200 Kg Space Payload Recovery System.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1223. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1223
• Doherr, K.-F., and H. Schilling. 1991. “9DOF-Simulation of Rotating Parachute Systems.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-877
• Doherty, Patricia H., William J. Burke, Frank Marcos, and Susan Delay. 2013. Stormtime Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interactions and Dynamics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada580638
• Dolgih, Dmitriy E. 2025. “Dynamic Loading Conditions of Radial Bearings of Rocket Steering Units of Liquid Rocket Engine Steering Units.” Journal of Dynamics and Vibroacoustics 11 (2): 46–55. https://doi.org/10.18287/2409-4579-2025-11-2-46-55
• Dombrowski, Micah P. n.d. “Sounding-Rocket Studies of Langmuir-Wave Microphysics in the Auroral Ionosphere.” PhD diss., Dartmouth College. https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.1956
• Donahue, T. M., and R. R. Meier. 1967. Distribution of Sodium in the Daytime Upper Atmosphere as Measured by a Rocket Experiment. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670050887
• Donat, James. 1993. “Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Flexseal Design.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1122
• Donders, Nicolas, Genevieve Vigil, Adam Kobelski, et al. n.d. “Why Developing a Full-Sun UV Spectrograph Sounding Rocket Is Difficult but Necessary.” In 20th Annual International Astrophysics Conference (AIAC). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220016066
• Doornbos, Eelco. 2007. “Thermosphere Density Model Calibration.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-5446-7_11
• Doornbos, Eelco. 2012. “Empirical Modelling of the Thermosphere.” In Springer Theses. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25129-0_2
• Doran, Eric, Jonny Dyer, Kevin Lohner, Zach Dunn, Brian Cantwell, and Greg Zilliac. 2007. “Nitrous Oxide Hybrid Rocket Motor Fuel Regression Rate Characterization.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5352. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5352
• Dorey, L.-H., P. Grenard, Lionel Matuszewski, and L. Selle. 2014. “Experimental and Numerical Study of a Cooled Rocket Combustion Chamber.” In Proceedings of the 15th International Heat Transfer Conference. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ihtc15.cmb.009238
• Doriath, G. 1997. “High Burning Rate Solid Rocket Propellants.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 4 (1–6): 646–60. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v4.i1-6.610
• Dotson, K., S. Koshigoe, and K. Pace. 1995. “Vortex Driven Pressure Oscillations in the Titan IV Solid Rocket Motor Upgrade.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2732. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2732
• Doupnik, J. R. 1980. Energy Input to the Auroral Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada083038
• Downing, J., Harold V. Hawkins, McClow Jr., Pedersen John H., and Paul E. 1956. Recovery Systems for Missiles and Target Aircraft. Part III. High Subsonic and Transonic Track Borne Parachute Tests. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0122635
• Doyle, T. E. 2000. “Ultrasonic Method for Inspection of the Propellant Grain in the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 509. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1306254
• Dpc, Ruiz. 2016. “Optimized Launch of a Rocket Launcher Type, from La Guajira: Colombia.” Journal of Physical Mathematics 7 (2). https://doi.org/10.4172/2090-0902.1000182
• Draim, J. E., and C. E. Stalzer. 1960. “Sea Launch of Large Solid-Propellant Rocket Vehicles.” In Re-Entry and Vehicle Design. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2885-3.50018-0
• Draper, James S., and James P. Moran. 1973. A Study of Wind Tunnel Simulation of High Altitude Rocket Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0755840
• Driggers, G. 1975. “Application Oriented Testing of Rocket Nozzle Materials.” In 16th Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1975-818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-818
• Drynan, David. n.d. “The Parachute Recovery System Design for the AUSROC 2.5 Rocket.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/299127
• Dsouza, Lisa, Adithya Vijay, Ullas Aj, et al. 2024. “Numerical Analysis of Pintle Nozzle Geometry Optimization for Improved Thrust in Rocket Engines.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-90622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-90622
• Du, Kun Ming. 2013. “Simulation Analysis on the Problem of Opening Main Parachute Used in UAV Recovery System.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 390: 57–61. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.57
• Du, Feiping. 2017a. “Choi-Williams Ditribution Analysis for Fault Detection of the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.59c106e9d462b80292389e5d
• Du, Feiping. 2017b. “Wavelet Packet Analysis of Time-Frequency Characteristic of the LOX/Kerosene Rocket Engine Due to Heavy Impact.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.59c106e9d462b80292389e85
• Dual Reticle Star Tracker Final Project Report. 1969. NASA-CR-109722. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700026841
• Duan, Fang, Jianye Liu, Rongbing Li, and Dan Li. 2005. “Real-Time Attitude-Independent Sun-Sensor/magnetometer Calibration Algorithm for Micro-Satellite.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5985, edited by Cheng Wang, Shan Zhong, Xiulin Hu. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.658334
• Dubey, Ritesh, S. Anfal, Ming Hsun Wu, and Srinibas Karmakar. 2026. “Atomization and Spray Combustion Characterization of Hypergolic Gel Fuel with Hydrogen Peroxide for Green in-Space Thrusters.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2026062254
• Dubois, I., M. Habiballah, and R. Lecourt. 1995. “Numerical Analysis of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-607. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-607
• Dubrow, B., E. Guth, and M. Wong. 1964. “Ballistics of Solid Propellants during Thrust Modulation.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-130
• Duce, Lynn, and Ted Nenni. 1995. “Flight Termination System for Destruction of Unpressurized Solid Propellant Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2706
• Ducret, Eric, Robert Arnaud, and Richard Rigollet. 1996. “Design and Development of the EUROSTAR 2000+ Propellant Tank.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3289
• Dudeney, J. R., and W. R. Piggott. 1978. “Antarctic Ionospheric Research.” In Antarctic Research Series. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/ar029p0200
• Dudenhoeffer, Arthur W. 1982. Models for Ballistic Wind Measurement Error Analysis. Volume I. Model Formulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada118016
• Dudok de Wit, Thierry, and Sean Bruinsma. 2017. “The 30 Cm Radio Flux as a Solar Proxy for Thermosphere Density Modelling.” Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 7: A9. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2017008
• Duff, A. 1970. “An Advanced Upper Atmosphere Meteorological Sounding Facility.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1392. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1392
• Duffy, K., P. Baker, E. Barr, and A. Mellor. 1991. “Dynamic Analysis of Drop Weight Impact Rocket Propellant Ignition.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2193. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2193
• Duft, Denis, Mario Nachbar, and Thomas Leisner. 2019. “Unravelling the Microphysics of Polar Mesospheric Cloud Formation.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19 (5): 2871–79. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-2871-2019
• Dukeman, Greg. 2002. “Atmospheric Ascent Guidance for Rocket-Powered Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4559
• Dulchinos, John, and Nicholas J. Guarino. 1969. Signal Processing for Arcas Falling Sphere Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0691892
• Dulk, George A. 1963. Faraday Rotation near the Transverse Region of the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0406825
• Dumnov, G. 1996. “Unsteady Side-Loads Acting on the Nozzle with Developed Separation Zone.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3220. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3220
• Dunaway, G. L. 1966a. Aerobee NASA 4.51 UG (23 May 1966) Meterological Data Report. NASA-CR-75855. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020012
• Dunaway, G. L. 1966b. Aerobee NASA 4.92 (20 May 1966) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-76049. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020455
• Dunaway, G. L. 1966c. Aerobee NASA 4.95 GS Meteorological Data Report, 20 May 1966. NASA-CR-77312. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025350
• Duncan, Louis D., and Bernard F. Engebos. 1969. A Rapidly Converging Iterative Technique for Computing Wind Compensation Launcher Settings for Unguided Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0693253
• Duncan, Louis D., and Ronald J. Ensey. 1964. Six Degree of Freedom Digital Simulation Model for Unguided Fin-Stabilized Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0452106
• Dunfee, D., and G. Oss. 1967a. “Development of a Frangible Sounding Rocket Vehicle.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1331
• Dunkelman, L., and J. P. Hennes. 1965. Photographic Observations of Nightglow from Rockets. NASA-TM-X-56664. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660012913
• Dunker, Christina, and Justin A. Hill. 2025. Enhancing Reentry Risk Analysis for Space Objects: Methodologies and Improvements. https://doi.org/10.52202/083079-0140
• Duperier, A. 1951. “Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere and Meson Production.” Nature 167 (4243): 312–13. https://doi.org/10.1038/167312a0
• Dupont, Cédric, Andrea Tromba, and Sophie Missonnier. 2017. “Multidisciplinary System Optimisation on the Design of Cost Effective Space Launch Vehicle.” In Advances in Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67988-4_1
• Dupuis, A. 1991. “Prediction and Indirect Measurement of Skin Friction of Spin Stabilized Projectiles.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-680. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-680
• Duraisamy, Vijay Vishal, Francisco Pastrana, Collin Topolski, Kristina Andrijauskaite, Sathya N. Gangadharan, and Pedro J. Llanos. 2017. “Design, Development and Testing of a Suborbital Nanolab Research Experiment in Microgravity.” In AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. AIAA 2017-5361. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5361
• Durfee, R. 1968. “A Study of Energy Release in Rocket Propellants by a Projectile Impact Method.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-150. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-150
• Durin, G., F. Bouvier, G. Mastrangelo, and E. Robert. 2011. “Ariane 5 Solid Rocket Booster Dynamic Behavior with Respect to Pressure Oscillations.” In Progress in Propulsion Physics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201102149
• Dussollier, Gabriel, and Alain Teissier. 1993. “Ariane 5 Main Stage Oxygen Tank Pressurization.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1969. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1969
• Dutton, J. 1965. “Density and Temperature Variability in the Upper Stratosphere and the Mesosphere.” In 2nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1965-12. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-12
• Dwivedi, Y. D., and Vasishta Bhargava. 2018. “Prediction of Aerodynamic Characteristics for Slender Bluff Bodies with Different Nose Cone Shapes.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3124819
• Dyer, H., and C. Warner. 1971. “Studies of Staged Combustion Rocket Motor Combustion Characteristics.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-739. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-739
• Dyess Jr. and William W. 1976. Load Analysis and Critical Area Stress Analysis of the 126-AR00036 and 126-AR00037 Parachute Testers When Installed on the F-4C/D Aircraft Centerline Station. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb022406
• Dyke, J. M. 1987. Gas-Phase Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Metals and Metal Oxides of Importance in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada187771
• Dym, Clive L., and Nicholas J. Hoff. 1966. Perturbation Solutions for the Buckling Problem of Axially Compressed Thin Cylinder Shells. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0642939
• Dym, C. L., and N. J. Hoff. 1968. “Perturbation Solutions for the Buckling Problems of Axially Compressed Thin Cylindrical Shells of Infinite or Finite Length.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 35 (4): 754–62. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3601301
• Dymek, M. K. 1980. “Photochemical Model of Ion Composition and Electron Density in the Ionosphere at 70–300 Km.” In Low Latitude Aeronomical Processes. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-024439-6.50027-2
• “Dynamic Simulation of Deposition Processes of Spacecraft Molecular Contamination.” 2021. Tehnicki vjesnik - Technical Gazette 28 (1). https://doi.org/10.17559/tv-20200216081552
• Dynamics of Multiple Launch Rocket Systems. 2017. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118724811.ch12
• Dyrud, Lars, and Gary Bust. 2013. Global Observing System Simulation Experiments of the Ionosphere, Thermosphere and Plasmasphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada592714
• Dyson, Pl. 1972. “A Method for Determining the Electron Density Distribution about the F2 Peak of the Ionosphere.” Australian Journal of Physics 25 (3): 293–98. https://doi.org/10.1071/ph720293
• Dzik, Marek, Bartosz Hyzy, Szymon Zycinski, Michal Tomporowski, and Piotr Lyzwa. 2024. Swirl Injectors in Hybrid Rocket Engine: Design, Parameters Validation and Applicability in a N2O/ABS Hybrid Rocket Booster. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0143
• E21 Committee. n.d. Practice for QCM Measurement of Spacecraft Molecular Contamination in Space. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/e2311-04r09
• Earle, Greg, Fred Herrero, John Foster, Mike Buonsanto, and P. Satya-Narayana. 1992. “Experimenter’s Data Package for the Descending Layers Rocket.” In Project Initiation Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930007272
• Early, L. J. 1966. Development of a Small Animal Payload and Integration with a Sounding Rocket. NASA-SP-109. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660024250
• Earth Storable Bimodal Engine, Phase 1. 1973. NASA-CR-133617. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730021079
• “Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” 2008. In An Introduction to Space Weather. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511801365.006
• “Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” 2022. In An Introduction to Space Weather. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108866538.006
• Eather, Robert H. 1980. Ionization and Emission Processes in the Auroral and Equatorial Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada095296
• Eather, Robert H., Peter Y. Ning, and Cyril Lance. 1998. Optical Ionosphere Research. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada400139
• Eaton, J. 1971. “Simulated Altitude Testing for Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-679. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-679
• Eaton, Andrew, and Edward Mathias. 2000. “Simulating Heat Transfer to a Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle-Case-Joint Thermal Barrier.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3807. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3807
• Eberspeaker, Philip J., and Ira S. Smith. 2003. An Overview of the NASA Sounding Rocket and Balloon Programs. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030032187
• Eberstein, I. J., and J. S. Theon. 1978. “Vertical Temperature and Density Patterns in the Arctic Mesosphere Analyzed as Gravity Waves.” Tellus 30 (4): 341–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1978.tb00849.x
• Ebrahimi, Houshang B., Jay Levine, and Alan Kawasaki. 1998. Numerical Investigation of Twin-Nozzle Rocket Plume Phenomenology. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada405686
• Eckart, M. E., J. S. Adams, C. N. Bailey, et al. 2012. The Transition-Edge-Sensor Array for the Micro-X Sounding Rocket. GSFC.ABS.6327.2012. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120012843
• Eckart, Megan E., Wonsik Yoon, Benjamin Zeiger, Simon R. Bandler, and Dan McCammon. 2019. “Design of optical/IR Blocking Filters for the Lynx X-Ray Microcalorimeter.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 5 (02): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.5.2.021020
• Ecker, A. 1991. “Experiment Facilities for Microgravity Missions.” In Materials science forum, vol. 77. Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.77.159
• Eckermann, Stephen D., and Robert A. Vincent. 1989. “Falling Sphere Observations of Anisotropic Gravity Wave Motions in the Upper Stratosphere over Australia.” In Middle Atmosphere. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5825-0_22
• Eckstrom, C. V. 1975a. Effects of 1980 Technology on Weight of a Recovery System for a One Million Pound Booster. NASA-TM-X-72666. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750012359
• Eckstrom, C. 1975b. “Evaluation of All-Parachute and Hybrid /Parachute-Retrorocket/ Recovery Systems for a One-Million-Pound Booster.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1392. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1392
• “Ecological Aspects of Rocket Burns and Launches.” 2013. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-20
• “Ecological Aspects of Rocket Burns and Launches.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-25
• Edmonds, D. S., M. J. Omoth, P. L. Peoples, and H. Zeck. 1964. “Performance and Cost Analysis of Advanced of Rocket and Airbreathing Launch Systems.” In 3rd Manned Space Flight Meeting. AIAA 1964-1233. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1233
• Edmondson, James L., and E. Claude Sanders Jr. 1949. A Free-Flight Technique for Measuring Damping in Roll by Use of Rocket-Powered Models and Some Initial Results for Rectangular Wings. NACA-RM-L9I01. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085993
• Edwards, A. D. 1962. Atlanta Optical Observation of a High Altitude Release of Water over Wallops Island, VA. on March 2, 1962. Georgia Inst. of Tech. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620001276
• Edwards, Howard D. 1964. Study of Photochemistry, Physical State and Motion of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0607059
• Edwards, Howard D. 1981. Upper Atmosphere Chemical Release and Smoke Trail Triangulation 1978: 1981. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada119925
• Eerkens, Jozef W. 1973. Rocket Radiation Handbook, Volume 2. Model Equations for Photon Emission Rates and Absorption Cross-Sections. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada007946
• “Effect of Acoustic Oscillation on Flow Development in a Simulated Nozzleless Rocket Motor.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0791.0822
• “Effect of Distributed Injection of Air into the Afterburning Chamber of a Ram-Rocket Engine on the Efficiency of Combustion of Boron Particles.” 2017. Физика горения и взрыва, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.15372/fgv20170605
• “Effect of Sting Plunging on Measured Nonlinear Pitch Damping.” 1978. In 10th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1978-832. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-832
• “Effect of Swirling on Burning Rate for Solid Rocket Motor (SRM).” 1994. In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3197
• “The Effect of Vertical Eddy Transport on the Composition of the of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0307.0316
• “Effects of Aerodynamic Heating and TPS Thermal Performance Uncertainties on the Shuttle Orbiter.” 1980. In Entry Heating and Thermal Protection. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865435.0247.0268
• “Effects of Geomagnetic Storms on the Mid-Latitude D Region Ionosphere.” 2025. In Book of Proceedings Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere. Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31401/ws.2025.proc.21
• Eichelberger, R. P. 1962. The Saturn Telemetry System. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630018655
• Eidell, Michael, Robert Nance, Gregory McGowan, James Carpenter, and Frankie Moore. 2012. “Computational Investigation of Roll Damping for Missile Configurations.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2904. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2904
• Eisa, H., M. Y. M. Ahmed, M. Khalil, and S. Saleh. 2024. “Dynamic Behavior of a Wheeled Rocket Launcher Using Transfer Matrix Method of Multibody System.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2811 (1): 012034. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2811/1/012034
• Ekimogloy, Vasilios, Lucian Stelk, and Luke Raque. 2026. “Managing Safety Hazards for a Liquid Rocket Engine Test System.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-112651. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-112651
• Eko, Alih John, Xuesen Zeng, Mazhar Peerzada, Tristan Shelley, Jayantha Epaarachchi, and Cam Minh Tri Tien. 2026. “Thermodynamic Effects and Boil-off Management in Cryogenic Propellant Tanks: A Systematic Review.” Journal of Physics: Energy 8 (1): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7655/ae3643
• Él’yasberg, P. E., and V. D. Yastrebov. 1961. “Determination of Upper-Atmosphere Density from the Results of Measurements of the Flight of the Third Soviet Artificial Earth Satellite.” In Artificial Earth Satellites. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5929-4_15
• El-Nady, Amr, Mahmoud Y. Ahmed, Mohamed ALsenbawy, and Ahmed Sarhan. 2015b. “Investigation of Dual-Thrust Rocket Motor with Subsonic Intermediate Nozzle.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4176. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4176
• El-Nady, Amr, Ahmed Sarhan, Mohamed Al-Sanabawy, and Mahmoud Mohamed. 2015a. “Investigation of Dual-Thrust Rocket Motor with Sonic Flow through an Intermediate Nozzle.” International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 16 (AEROSPACE SCIENCES): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21608/asat.2015.22903
• Elchert, K. 1982. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Separation System.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1982-1556. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1556
• Eldred, Charles, Richard Powell, and Douglas Stanley. 1993. “Single Stage Rocket Options for Future Launch Vehicles.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-4162. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4162
• Elgabaili, Mohamed, Kenneth J. Desabrais, and Hamid Johari. 2013. “Added Mass of a Model Round Parachute Canopy during Inflation.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1321
• Elkshen, M., H. Belal, and M. A. Al-Sanabawy. 2020. “Mitigation of Irregular Burning in a Small Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 973 (1): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/973/1/012002
• Elliott, R. D. 1966. Methods for Predicting Aerodynamic Heating Rates to High-Velocity Bodies in the Upper Atmosphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4564563
• Elston, R. A. 1963. Description of a Control System for Rocket-Motor Mass Measurement. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0407325
• Elwert, G. 1968. “The Significance of the Polarization of Solar Short-Wavelength X-Rays.” In Structure and Development of Solar Active Regions. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6815-1_67
• Ely, O., and R. Hockenberger. 1965. “Rocket Exhaust Effects on Radio Frequency Transmission.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-185. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-185
• Emmons, Donald L. 1965. Analysis of the Chemically-Reactive Mixing Region between a Turbulent Rocket Exhaust and a Confined Air Stream. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb011931
• Endeshaw, Lake, and Sandro Maria Radicella. 2025. “Day-to-Day Longitudinal Variability of Total Electron Content (TEC) in the African Equatorial Region Affected by the Equatorial Ionosphere Anomaly.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/au.174371595.55838706/v1
• Endo, Takao, Takeshi Mano, and Takumi Ujino. 1995. “H-II Solid Rocket Booster Design and Development.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2738. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2738
• Engberg, Tyler, and Umesh Korde. 2011. “Acoustic Modeling of Rocket Payload Bays within Launch Fairings.” In 52nd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 2011-2135. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2135
• Engebos, Bernard F. 1972. Effects of Vertical Wind on Tactical Rockets and Artillery Shells. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0753349
• Engel, J. 2023. “Satellites, Rockets, and Thinking about Space.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003363897-9
• Epstein, M. 1967. Propellant Tank Pressurization Analysis Program. MFS-1506. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670000624
• Epstein, M. 1969. Propellant Tank Pressurization Analysis Program. MFS-12623. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690000007
• “An Equivalent Propellant Sloshing Model of Ellipsoid Cylindrical Tank.” 2018. In 2018 2nd International Conference on Systems, Computing, and Applications (SYSTCA 2018). Francis Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.25236/systca.18.052
• Eramya, Allen, Jason Cline, Matthew Braunstein, and Sergey Gimelshein. 2007. “Numerical Modeling of Transient Plume Impingement during High Altitude Rocket Staging.” In 39th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2007-4410. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-4410
• Erazo, Santiago, Joseph A. Day, Jacob Gamertsfelder, Prashant Khare, and John M. Quinlan. 2021. “Pintle Injector Spray Atomization: Liquid Sheet Breakup Quantification.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3630. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3630
• Erdem, Erinc, Kahraman Albayrak, and Tugrul Tinaztepe. 2006. “Parametric Study of Secondary Gas Injection into a Conical Rocket Nozzle for Thrust Vectoring.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4942. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4942
• Erdos, John I. 1977. Unsteady Plume and Blast Field Generated by a Rocket Launch. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada050000
• Ergin, Mehmet Kemal, Mustafa Baysal, Büsra Kahraman, Serhan Enes Kalmis, Arif M. Karabeyoglu, and Uğur Kokal. 2024. Erosion Impact on Thrust Alignment in Hybrid Rocket Motor Nozzle Extensions Using Various Materials. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0215
• Ericksen, R., J. Guiteras, and J. Larrivee. 1966. “A Parachute Recovery System Dynamic Analysis.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-25. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-25
• Erickson, Lance K. 2010. “Chapter 2: Rockets and Propulsion.” In Government Institutes eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5771/9781605906843-19
• Erickson, Nicholas, James Green, Nicholas Nell, et al. 2021. “DEUCE: A Sounding-Rocket Ultraviolet Spectrograph for Flux-Calibrated B Star Observations across the Lyman Limit.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 7 (01): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.7.1.015002
• Ericsson, L. 1969. “A New Treatment of Roll-Pitch Coupling for Ballistic Re-Entry Vehicles.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-101
• Ericsson, L. 1980. “Wing-Body Pitch Damping at Arbitrary Mach Number.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1801. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1801
• Ericsson, L. 1985. “Regarding Parametric Investigations of Slender Cone Nose Bluntness Effects.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-349. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-349
• Ericsson, L. 1987. “Transition Effects on Slender Cone Pitch Damping.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-493. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-493
• Erline, Thomas F., and Alan F. Hathaway. 1999. Dispersion Analysis of the XM881 Armor-Piercing, Fin-Stabilized, Discarding Sabot (APFSDS) Projectile,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada361333
• Ernstmeyer, James, Timothy J. Tanigawa, and Neil B. Myers. 1997. Electron Density and Temperature during the CHARGE-2B Sounding Rocket Mission. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada346495
• Escher, W. J. D. 1962. Attitude and Propellant Flow Control System and Method Patent. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-XMF-00185. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700025223
• Escher, W., D. Pryor, and E. Hyde. 1999. “Development of a 12-Thrust Chamber Kerosene/oxygen Primary Rocket Subsystem for an Early (1964) Air-Augmented Rocket Ground Test System.” In 9th International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1999-4896. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4896
• Esguerra, Elvin. 2026. “Quantifying Convective Aerodynamic Heating during Ascent of a High-Powered Student Rocket.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-111868. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-111868
• Esker, D., and A. Sedrick. 1972. “Thrust Stand for Evaluation of Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Performance.” In 7th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1972-1029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1029
• Eslambolchi, Ali, and Hamid Johari. 2013. “Simulation of Flowfield around a Ram-Air Personnel Parachute Canopy.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1281. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1281
• Espinosa, Christine, and Yves de Lassat de Pressigny. 2007. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation of Parachute Dynamic Behaviour.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2510
• Essenhigh, Robert H. 2006. “Prediction of theStandard AtmosphereProfiles of Temperature, Pressure, and Density with Height for the Lower Atmosphere by Solution of the (S−S) IntegralEquations of Transferand Evaluation of the Potential for Profile Perturbation by Combustion Emissions.” Energy & Fuels 20 (3): 1057–67. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef050276y
• Essenwanger, Oskar. 1963. Wind, Wind Shear and Turbulence Representation for Atmospheric Ballistics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403114
• Est, Brian, and H. Nelson. 1992. “Effects of Fin Vertical Position on Lift and Fin Center of Pressure for Missiles with Noncircular Fuselage Cross Sections.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-78. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-78
• Estey, Paul, and George Whittinghill. 1992. “Hybrid Rocket Motor Propellant Selection Alternatives.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3592
• Estler, W. Tyler. 1989. Accuracy Analysis of the Space Shuttle Rocket Motor Profile Measuring Device. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.89-4171
• Etheridge, F. G. 1960. “Some Comments on the Selection of Rocket Nozzle Expansion Ratios.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/600376
• Etter, Jerry, and Louis Shamey. 1991. “Kane’s Dynamical Equations and an Initial Value Problem for a Spacecraft Yo-Yo Despin System.” In Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1991-2746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2746
• “Evaluation of Ground-Launch Firings for the Improved 2.75-Inch Rocket.” 1979. In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1297
• Evan, Daniel A., Andrew Holland, James Endicott, et al. 2022. “The Focal Plane Camera for the off-Plane Grating Rocket Experiment.” In X-Ray, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy X, edited by Andrew D. Holland, James Beletic. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2637135
• Evans, D. C. 1965a. Observed Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Mars. NASA-TM-X-56654. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660012950
• Evans, D. C. 1965b. Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Mars. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650052879
• Evans, D. C. 1966. Ultraviolet Reflectivity of Mars. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670003426
• Evans, D. C., and L. Dunkelman. 1969. “Airglow and Star Photographs in the Daytime from a Rocket.” Science 164 (3886): 1391–93. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.164.3886.1391
• Evans, Brian, Nicholas Favorito, and Kenneth Kuo. 2005. “Study of Solid Fuel Burning-Rate Enhancement Behavior in an X-Ray Translucent Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3909. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3909
• Evans, Brian, Kenneth Kuo, Eric Boyd, and Andrew Cortopassi. 2009. “Comparison of Nozzle Throat Erosion Behavior in a Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor and a Simulator.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5421
• Evans, Brian, Kenneth Kuo, Peter Ferrara, Jeffrey Moore, Patrick Kutzler, and Eric Boyd. 2007. “Nozzle Throat Erosion Characterization Study Using a Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor Simulator.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5776. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5776
• Evans, Brian, Grant Risha, Nick Favorito, et al. 2003. “Instantaneous Regression Rate Determination of a Cylindrical X-Ray Transparent Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4592
• Evans, G., and P. Smith. 1978. “The Suppression of Combustion Instability in Smokeless Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1568
• Everett, C., E. Cashwell, and R. Schrandt. 1972. Monte Carlo Transport Routine for the ‘‘u. s. Standard Atmosphere’’ (1962) to an Altitude of 90 Kilometers.. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4635208
• “Examination of Extremely Big Mesospheric Electric Fields from Rocket Borne Measurements on October 21 1989.” 2026. In Book of Proceedings Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere. Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31401/ws.2026.proc.29
• “Examination of Ultraviolet Radiation Theory for Bow Shock Rocket Experiments.” 1992. In 27th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1992-2871. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2871
• Excelco Developments INC Silver Creek NY. 1963. Investigation and Evaluation of High Strength Steels in Heavy Gauges for Large Diameter Solid Propellant Rocket Engine Cases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0424490
• “Experimental Investigation of Bipropellant Exhaust Plume Flowfield, Heating, and Contamination and Comparison with the CONTAM Computer Model Predictions.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0261.0292
• “An Experimental Investigation of Unstable Combustion in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0455.0494
• “Experimental Investigations of Unstable Burning in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0495.0525
• “External Autoignition Test for Simulating Flight Aeroheating of Staging Rocket Motor.” 1986. In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1578. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1578
• “Extreme Ultraviolet Observations of Solar Flares.” 1972. In Solar Activity Observations and Predictions. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865046.0117.0125
• Eyi, Sinan, and Mine Yumusak. 2013. “Aerodynamic Design Optimization of Three Dimensional Rocket Nozzles Using Adjoint Method.” In 21st AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-2851. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2851
• Ezell, W. F. 1960. “Altitude Start Capability of Existing Large Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/600372
• F44 Committee. n.d.-a. Specification for Aircraft Emergency Parachute Recovery Systems. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/f3408_f3408m-21
• F44 Committee. n.d.-b. Standard Specification for Aircraft Emergency Parachute Recovery Systems. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/f3408_f3408m-20
• Fabiani, Marco, Mario Tindaro Migliorino, Daniele Bianchi, and Francesco Nasuti. 2024. “Radiative Wall Heat Transfer Evaluation in Hybrid Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1608
• Fabignon, Y. 1993. “Ablation Rate Calculation of Thermal Insulations in Segmented Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1884. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1884
• Fabrication of X-Ray Telescopes for Sounding Rocket Flights. 1981. NASA-CR-165112. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820009128
• Fabrizi, R., and A. Annovazzi. 1989. “Ariane 5 P230 Booster: Grain Design and Performance Study.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2420
• Fachini-Filho, F., D. Bastos-Netto, and W. Gill. 1986. “Thrust Level Modulation in Solid Fueled Rocket Motors.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1579
• Faenza, Martina, Adrien J. Boiron, Bastien Haemmerli, and Constans J. Verberne. 2019. “The Nammo Nucleus Launch: Norwegian Hybrid Sounding Rocket over 100km.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4049. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4049
• Fagherazzi, Matteo, Marco Santi, Francesco Barato, and Daniele Pavarin. 2021. “Design and Testing of a 3D Printed Regenerative Cooled Nozzle for a Hydrogen Peroxide Based Bi-Propellant Thruster.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3235. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3235
• Fahr, H. J., G. Lay, and C. Wulf-Mathies. 1978. “Derivation of Interstellar Helium Gas Parameters from an Euv-Rocket Observation.” In Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022021-5.50089-6
• Fahy, Edward F., and Marcel Schein. 1949. “Observations on Large Cosmic-Ray Bursts at an Altitude of 3500 Meters.” Physical Review 75 (1): 207–8. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.75.207
• “Failures, Lessons Learned, Flight Termination, and Aborts.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0941.0974
• Fain, D. L., J. M. Hall, and D. F. Johnson. 1968. Design, Development and Fabrication of a Precision Autocollimating Solar Sensor (PASS). NASA-CR-73260. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690004025
• Fain, M. Z., D. R. Johnson, and R. K. Melugin. 1970. “A Solar Eclipse Sensor for Sounding Rocket Missions.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032988
• Fakhruddin, Md. H. N., Chaya Mishra, Md Amaan Farooqi, and K. Mojesh. 2026. “Design Modelling and Analysis of Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” International Journal of Space, Drone Aircraft and Rocket Science 7 (1): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.34218/ijsdars_07_01_001
• Fakkaew, Wichaphon, Theeraphong Wongratanaphisan, and Matthew O. T. Cole. 2013. “An Analysis and Design Framework for Robust Control of a Multi-Axis Active Vibration Isolation System with Unknown Payload.” Journal of Vibration and Control 21 (6): 1100–1114. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546313494099
• Falcone, P., D. Stephenson, C. Melius, J. Lathrop, and D. Sweeney. 1989. “Significant Vibrational Reactions in High Altitude Rocket Plumes.” In 24th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1989-1768. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1768
• Fallon, Edward, II. 1991. “Parachute Dynamics and Stability Analysis of the Queen Match Recovery System.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-879. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-879
• Fan, Chien, Clifford Gee, and Michael Fong. 1993. “Monte Carlo Simulation of Molecular Flux on Simple Spacecraft Surfaces Due to Self- and Ambient-Scatter of Outgassing Molecules.” In 28th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1993-2867. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2867
• Fan, Haigui, Wenguang Gu, Longhua Li, Peiqi Liu, and Dapeng Hu. 2021a. “Buckling Design of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Based on Energy Barrier Approach.” International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 21 (12): 2150165. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455421501650
• Fan, Chao, Jintao Liu, Huaijun Gong, Jie Fang, and Jikang Li. 2026. “Analysis of Propellant Distribution Characteristics in Vane-Type Propellant Tank during Satellite Lateral Maneuver.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3304 (1): 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3304/1/012022
• Fan, Meng, and John Steinhoff. 2008. “Computation of Flow over a Rigid Parachute and Its Inflation Using Vorticity Confinement.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-365. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-365
• Fang, J. 1984. “Application of Combustion Time-Lag Theory to Combustion Stability Analysis of Liquid and Gaseous Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1984-510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-510
• Fang, Xin, Feng Li, Lei-lei Sun, and Tao Li. 2023. “Pseudorandom Modulation Continuous-Wave Narrowband Sodium Temperature and Wind Lidar.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (8): 2263–72. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-2263-2023
• Fansler, Kevin S., and Edward M. Schmidt. 1976. Muzzle-Blast Influence on Trajectory of Asymmetrical Fin-Stabilized Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb012784
• Farhall, Richard, Robert Sinclair, and Doug Meyer. 2007. “Design and Testing of the BQM-167A Parachute Recovery System.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2512. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2512
• Farr, Emily, Nicholas E. Kruczek, Kevin France, et al. 2023. “Lyman-Ultraviolet Imaging Filter Development for the FLUID Rocket Payload.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677932
• Fassl, F. A. 2011. “High-Frequency Instabilities in Rocket Thrust Chambers: An Engineering Approach.” In Progress in Propulsion Physics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201102317
• Fastie, W. G. 1971. Rocket Flight Performance of a Preprototype Apollo 17 UV Spectrometer S-169. NASA-CR-115469. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720012735
• Fastie, W. G., H. W. Moos, P. D. Feldman, and R. C. Henry. 1975. Rocket and Spacecraft Studies of Ultraviolet Emissions from Astrophysical Targets. Johns Hopkins University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750056215
• Fatuev, Igor Y. 2006. “Analysis of Peculiarities of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Startup.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c4.p.1.05
• Fausch, Rico, Gregor Möller, Aziz Belkhiria, Jean-Paul Kneib, and Peter Wurz. 2023. In Situ Chemical Composition and Density Measurements of Earth’s Thermosphere, Exosphere, and Ionosphere with CHESS. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12717
• Faust, D. 1978. “Technological Experiments Exposed to Low Gravity during Sounding Rocket Flights – Project Texus.” In Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022021-5.50115-4
• Favaregh, Noah, and Drew Landman. 2006. “Global Modeling of Pitch Damping from Flight Data.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6145
• Faye, Delphine, Alexandra Jakob, Michel Soulard, and Philippe Berlioz. 2010. “Zeolite Adsorbers for Molecular Contamination Control in Spacecraft.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 7794, edited by Sharon A. Straka, Nancy Carosso. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.860468
• Fayock, B., G. P. Zank, and J. Heerikhuisen. 2013a. “Analysis of Solar Lyman Alpha Radiation in the Heliosphere.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4811084
• Fedynskiy, A. V. 1964. Some Data on the Composition of the Upper Layers of the Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640017048
• Fei, Wang, Jia He, He Qingsong, and Zhao Miao. 2025. “Dynamic Modeling and Coning Motion Characteristic Analysis of Object-Parachute System.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3109 (1): 012062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3109/1/012062
• Fejer, J. A., W. J. Heikkila, and O. Holt. 1965. Comparison of Rocket-Borne Probes for Electron Density Measurements Quarterly Status Report No. 5, Aug. 1: Oct. 31, 1965. NASA-CR-70858. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660009897
• Feldman, P. D., R. P. Cebula, P. D. Tennyson, and R. C. Henry. 1985. “Recent Rocket Observations of the Ultraviolet Spectrum of the Zodiacal Light.” International Astronomical Union Colloquium 85: 31–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100084281
• Feldman, U., and G. A. Doschek. 1991. “The Solar Spectrum between 914 and 1177 A.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 75. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910043277
• Felix, B., C. Lefebvre, and M. Tyson. 1965. “Titan Iii Solid Motor System Integration.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-153. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-153
• Fell, Patrick J. 1994. Preliminary Study of Satellite Attitude Determination for the LANDSAT 7 Spacecraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada278876
• Feng, Jingyuan, Wei Xu, Xudong Gu, et al. 2025. “Rocket-Induced Lower Ionosphere Disturbances Derived from Measurements of VLF Transmitter Signals.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2025-3338
• Feng, X., Y. Zhang, and Q. Chen. 1993. “A Digital Controller for Variable Thrust Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2485. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2485
• Fenili, André. 2014. “Mathematical Modeling and Nonlinear Attitude and Trajectory Tracking Control of a One Stage Rocket with Varying Mass.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1637. AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4904595
• Feodosiev, V. I., and G. B. Siniarev. 1959a. “Flow of the Combustion Products through the Nozzle of a Rocket Motor.” In Introduction to Rocket Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3201-0.50011-5
• Feodosiev, V. I., and G. B. Siniarev. 1959b. “Forces and Moments Acting on the Rocket in Flight.” In Introduction to Rocket Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3201-0.50012-7
• Feodosiev, V. I., and G. B. Siniarev. 1959c. “The Processes in the Combustion Chamber of a Rocket Motor.” In Introduction to Rocket Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3201-0.50010-3
• Feodosiev, V. I., and G. B. Siniarev. 1959d. “Rocket Flight Trajectory.” In Introduction to Rocket Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3201-0.50013-9
• Ferbee, R. C. 2009. Using the Saturn V and Titan III Vibroacoustic Databanks for Random Vibration Criteria Development. NASA/TM-2009-215902. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100042567
• Ference, M., W. G. Stroud, J. R. Walsh, and A. G. Weisner. 1956. “Measurement of Temperatures at Elevations of 30 to 80 Kilometers by the Rocket-Grenade Experiment.” Journal of Meteorology 13 (1): 5–12. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1956)013<0005:motaeo>2.0.co;2
• Ferguson, Bruce W. 1991. “Suborbital Missions: The Joust.” In NASA, Washington, Proceedings of the Second Annual Symposium on Industrial Involvement and Successes in Commercial Space. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920014401
• Ferl, Robert J. 2014. “Suborbital Vehicles to Study Transition Adaptation to Spaceflight – Why Biologists Should Care about the New Suborbital Flight Opportunities.” Gravitational and Space Research 2 (2): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2014-0016
• Fermi, Enrico. 2017. “Guglielmo Marconi and the Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves in the Upper Atmosphere.” Il Colle di Galileo 6 (1): 9–18. https://doi.org/10.13128/colle_galileo-20558
• Fernandez-Gomez, Isabel, Andreas Goss, Michael F. Schmidt, et al. 2021. The Impact of Severe Storms on Forecasting the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System through the Assimilation of SWARM-Derived Neutral Mass Density into Physics-Based Models. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10552
• Ferragut, N. J. 1976a. Rocket/launcher Structural Dynamics. Management and Technical Services Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052288
• Ferragut, N. J. 1976b. Stage Separation Study of Nike-Black Brant V Sounding Rocket System. Management and Technical Services Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052317
• Ferragut, Nelson J., and James J. Rast. 1986. “Development of a Reclosable Clamshell Nose Fairing for Sounding Rocket NASA 21.003UI.” In AIAA 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems, October 28-30, 1986, Ocean City, Maryland: A Collection of Technical Papers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028469
• Ferreira, Daniel Roberto, and Wladimyr Dourado. 2018. “Design of Typical Cooling Jacket for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine by Computational Fluid Dynamics.” In 17th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0121
• Ferrenberg, Aj. 1984. “Liquid Rocket Injector Atomization Research.” In Liquid Particle Size Measurement Techniques. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp32618s
• Ferris, J. C. 1967. Static Stability Investigation of a Single- Stage Sounding Rocket at Mach Numbers from 0.60 to 1.20. NASA-TN-D-4013. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670020050
• Ferriter, John M., and John J. Reba. 1978. A Computer Program for Analyzing Projectile Flight Trajectory. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada053866
• Ferry, G. V. 1970. Noctilucent Cloud Observation in Connection with the Flight of a Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032009
• Ferry, G. V., and N. H. Farlow. 1972. Upper Atmospheric Dust Concentrations in Polar Regions. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730027458
• Fester, Dale A. 2003. “Main Tank Injection (MTI) Pressurization of Liquid Rocket Propellant Tanks.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-iaa.2.3.06
• Fevig, Ronald Adrey, David Delene, Ismail Gultepe, Nick Craine, and Gary Pundsack. 2022. “Rocket Plume Sampling Using a Balloon Deployed Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2022 Academic High Altitude Conference. Iowa State University Digital Press. https://doi.org/10.31274/ahac.15677
• Fialer, Philip A. 1970. Irregularities in the Quiet Ionosphere and Their Effect on Propagation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0714203
• Field, E. C., and M. Lewinstein. 1978. Analysis of Electron Density-Profiles in the Lower Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada057254
• Field, Robert E., Harry M. Ryan, Vineet Ahuja, Ashvin Hosangadi, and Chung P. Lee. 2007. Runtime and Pressurization Analyses of Propellant Tanks. SSTI-2200-0077. NASA Stennis Space Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070003730
• Fields, Travis. 2014. “Development and Feasibility of a Non-Invasive, Wireless Parachute Load Distribution Measuring System.” In 30th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology and Ground Testing Conference. AIAA 2014-2799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2799
• Figueroa, Jose A. 2024. “Navigating the Depths: The Impact on Space Cost Drivers of Autonomous Submersible Maritime Rocket Launch Systems in the Puerto Rico Trench.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4876. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4876
• Figueroa, Fernando, William W. St.Cyr, David VanDyke, Greg McVay, Mark Mitchell, and Lester Langford. 2003. Strain Gage Measurement System to Determine Cryogenic Propellant Tank Level. SE-2002-11-00075-SSC. NASA Stennis Space Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040008399
• Filipiak, Dariusz, Piotr Zalewski, and Joanna Postek. 2022. “Air-Rocket Space Launch System: As Responsive Space System.” Przegląd Nauk o Obronności, no. 13: 101–14. https://doi.org/10.37055/pno/155207
• Filippov, S. 2017. “Buckling and Optimal Design of Ring-Stiffened Thin Cylindrical Shell.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315166605-47
• Fine, Jonathan E. 1979. Analysis of Wind Tunnel Test Results of Fluidic Generator for High-Altitude Rocket. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069172
• Fine, La, and J. W. Wright. 1959a. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere 3. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-3
• Fine, La, and J. W. Wright. 1959b. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere 4. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-4
• Fine Attitude Control System, Volume I Final Report. 1965. NASA-CR-75392. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660018034
• Finger, Frederick G., and Harold M. Woolf. 1967. “Diurnal Variation of Temperature in the Upper Stratosphere as Indicated by a Meteorological Rocket Experiment.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 24 (2): 230–39. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1967)024<0230:dvotit>2.0.co;2
• Fint, Jeffry, Fritz Kuck, and Frank Sciorelli. 2005. “Development of Channel Wall Nozzles for Use on Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-4371. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4371
• Fischer, Jacob, Stefanos Fasoulas, Matthias Nützel, and Anja Schmidt. 2026. “Launch Emission Assessment Tool (LEAT v1.0): Part I – Development of a Tool to Calculate Altitude-Dependent Rocket Launch Emissions for Use in Chemistry-Climate Models.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-3050
• Fishel, K. 1981. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Dewatering System.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1528. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1528
• Fisher, P. C. 1966. Rocket Study of Stellar X-Ray Emissions Final Report. NASA-CR-74276. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660014535
• Fisher, C. H. 1971. Survey of Instrumentation Applicable to the Study of Rocket Exhaust Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0723644
• Fisher, S. 1985. “High-Speed Laser Schlieren and Ultraviolet Diagnostics of Gas/gas Rocket Ignition and Combustion.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-231
• Fisher, C. A., and C. W. Bert. 1973. “Dynamic Buckling of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell with Discrete Rings and Stringers.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 40 (3): 736–40. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423082
• Fisher, P. C., W. C. Jordan, and A. J. Meyerott. 1969. Night Sky X-Ray Sources. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700051270
• Fishman, Norman. 1965. Solid Propellant Ignition Studies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0474229
• Fiske, James, Michael Ricci, Ken Ricci, and John Hull. 2006. “The Launch Ring: Circular EM Accelerators for Low Cost Orbital Launch.” In Space 2006. AIAA 2006-7279. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7279
• Fitzgerald, J. 1968. “Rocket Grain Stress Analysis: Fact or Fiction.” In 3rd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1968-518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-518
• Fitzsimmons, Jeff. 1996. “Cost Analysis of a DC-X Reusable Launch Vehicle: Is It Affordable?” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1996-4414. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4414
• Flachbart, R. H., L. J. Hastings, A. Hedayat, et al. 2008. “Testing the Effects of Helium Pressurant on Thermodynamic Vent System Performance with Liquid Hydrogen.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 985. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2908510
• Flanagan, S., G. Flandro, and H. Thomas. 1995. “A New Approach to Velocity Coupling (Solid Rocket Propellant Combustion).” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2734. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2734
• Flandro, G. 1964. “Roll Torque and Normal Force Generation in Acoustically Unstable Rocket Motors.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-145
• Flandro, Gary A., Sean R. Fischbach, and Joseph Majdalani. 2007. “Nonlinear Rocket Motor Stability Prediction: Limit Amplitude, Triggering, and Mean Pressure Shift.” Physics of Fluids 19 (9): 094101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2746042
• Flandro, Gary, Sean Fischbach, Joseph Majdalani, and Jonathan French. 2004b. “Nonlinear Rocket Motor Stability Prediction: Limit Amplitude, Triggering, and Mean Pressure Shift.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4054. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4054
• Flandro, Gary, Joseph Sims, and Joseph Majdalani. 2004a. “Nonlinear Longitudinal Mode Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Preburners.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4162. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4162
• Flandro, Gary, Joseph Sims, and Joseph Majdalani. 2004c. “On Nonlinear Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3516. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3516
• Fletcher, Lyndsay. 1996. “The Height Distribution of Hard X-Rays in Impulsive Solar Flares.” In Magnetodynamic Phenomena in the Solar Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0315-9_133
• The Flight Environment: Standard Atmosphere. 2021. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118949818.ch2
• “Flight Testing of Hybrid-Powered Vehicles.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0553.0592
• Flores, C. C., and L. W. Gurkin. 1982. “Performance Enhancement of Existing Two-Stage Sounding Rocket Vehicles through the Use of Tandem Booster Systems.” In Proceedings of the 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064516
• Flores, Wilmer, Otero Michelle, and Kareem A. Ahmed. 2019. “Acoustic Mode Analysis of Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1579
• Flores, A., Jr. 1986. Flip-Flop Recovery System for Sounding Rocket Payloads. AIAA PAPER 86-2543. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028472
• Flowerday, T. W., and W. B. Hanson. 1965. Investigations of the Neutral Composition of the Upper Atmosphere Final Report. NASA-CR-64843. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650023906
• Flowers, B. J. 1976. “Development of the Hawk/Nike Hawk Sounding Rocket Vehicles.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052769
• “Fluid-Dynamics Experiment Sensitivity to Accelerations Prevailing on Microgravity Platforms.” 2002. In Physics of Fluids in Microgravity. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482265057-20
• “Flutter of Cantilevered Columns Subjected to a Rocket End Thrust and Having an Intermediate Concentrated Mass.” 1994. In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1994-1622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1622
• Flynn, R. Y., and J. R. Groves. 1964. Aerobee Parachute Recovery Pack Modifications. NASA-TM-X-55142. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650008590
• Fogell, Nicholas A., Lorenzo Iannucci, and Keith Bergeron. 2017. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulation Study of a Semi-Rigid Ram-Air Parachute Model.” In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2017-3547. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3547
• Fong, L. 1964. “Propellant Surface Flame Propagation in Rocket Motors.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-125. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-125
• Fong, L., R. Lovine, and B. Paul. 1964. “Diffusional Analysis of Composite Propellant Ignition, and Its Application to Solid Rocket Ignition.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-117. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-117
• Fontaine, R. 1965. “Sensitivity of Rocket Engine Stability to Propellant Feed Systems Dynamics.” In Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1965-558. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-558
• Fontana, M. G. 1957. “Corrosion Problems with Fuming Nitric Acid: ROCKET FUEL REQUIRES NEW TESTS.” Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 4 (12): 423–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb019413
• Fontijn, Arthur. 1998. Wide Temperature Range Kinetics of Plume Reactions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada347236
• Fontijn, Arthur. 2006. Wide-Temperature Range Kinetics of Propellant Combustion Reactions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada455701
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 1981. Structure of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada098061
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 1984. Dynamical-Chemical Coupling in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada214685
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 1987. “Modelling the Propagation of Atmospheric Tides from the Lower to the Middle and Upper Atmosphere.” Physica Scripta T18: 240–48. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1987/t18/024
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 1992. Self-Consistent Modeling of the Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Magnetosphere System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada253232
• Forbes, J. M. 1998. Planetary Waves in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada340358
• Forbes, Jejjrey M. 1999. Meteorological Influences on the Ionosphere-Thermosphere System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada387095
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 2002. Vertical Coupling and Variability in the Tropical Atmosphere/Ionosphere System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada402521
• Forbes, Jeffrey M. 2005. Density Variations and Other Parameters from UARS Wind Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada433526
• Ford, L., and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). 1967. Comparison and Evaluation of the Helium Pressurization and Radiflo Methods of Leak Rate Determination.. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4455029
• “Formation of Condensed Combustion Products at the Burning Surface of Solid Rocket Propellant.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0749.0776
• “Formulae for the Additional Forces in the Equations of Motion of a Rocket.” 1964. In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50016-1
• Forsythe, Victoriya V., Timothy Duly, Donald Hampton, and Vu Nguyen. 2020. “Validation of Ionospheric Electron Density Measurements Derived from Spire CubeSat Constellation.” Radio Science 55 (1): e2019RS006953. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019rs006953
• Fortney, W. D. 1965. Instrumentation and Flight Report for Aerobee 150 Flights 4.122 CG and 4.123 CG. NASA-TM-X-55493. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660018740
• Foster, J. C. 1984. High Time-Resolution Studies of the Auroral Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada150945
• Foster, W., Jr., R. Sforzini, and B. Shackelford Jr. 1981. “Thrust Imbalance of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motors.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1610. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1610
• Foster, W., Jr., and P. Shu. 1986. “Thrust Imbalance of Solid Rocket Motor Pairs on Space Shuttle Flights.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1375. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1375
• Fougnie, Alexandre. n.d. “Low Order Modeling of High-Frequency Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/31761767z3506z4985z9474zf30b4ff89686
• Foukal, Peter. 1998. “Solar Irradiance Variations and Climate.” In From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/sp050p0103
• Foulds, Craig, Michael Eades, Vishal Patel, and Paolo Venneri. 2024. “Fast Cadence Commercial Multi-Launch NTP Vehicle with Combined Boil-Off and Zero Boil-Off Tank Systems.” In Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space (NETS 2024). American Nuclear Society. https://doi.org/10.13182/nets24-43893
• Fox, Matthew W., Xiaoqing Pi, and Jeffrey M. Forbes. 1997. First Principles and Applications-Oriented Ionospheric Modeling Studies, and Wave Signatures in Upper Atmosphere Density,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada325072
• Fräenz, M., Dominique Delcourt, Lina Hadid, et al. 2022. Effects of Spacecraft Outgassing and Charging Observed by BepiColombo at Mercury. https://doi.org/10.5194/epsc2022-79
• Frampton, Kenneth D. 2002. “Decentralized Vibration Control in a Launch Vehicle Payload Fairing.” In Noise Control and Acoustics. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-33352
• “France’s Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine History.” 2006. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0785.0814
• Francis, E., and R. Thompson. 1980. “Bond Stress Transducer Design for Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1278. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1278
• Franklin, D. E., and C. H. Kunz. 1973. Production Quality Assurance Testing of a Thiokol Minuteman LGM-30G Stage III Rocket Motor at Simulated Pressure Altitude, Motor PQA-103. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0909985
• Franklin, D. E., and C. R. Tinsley. 1970. Altitude Developmental Testing of the J-2S Rocket Engine in Rocket Development Test Cell (J-4) (Tests J4-1902-08, -11, and -12). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0867628
• Franzè, Renato. 2023. Guidance, Navigation and Control for the Autonomous Return-to-Launch-Site Functionality of Experimental Free-Falling-Units Ejected at High Altitude from a Sounding Rocket. https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-077
• Franzmann, Christian, Friedrich Leopold, and Christian Mundt. 2021. “Experimental Determination of Pitch Damping Coefficients Using a Wire Suspension.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0836. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0836
• Fraser, Lorence W. 1985. “High Altitude Research at the Applied Physics Laboratory in the 1940s.” Johns Hopkins APL Technical Digest. https://secwww.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/content/techdigest/pdf/V06-N01/06-01-Fraser.pdf
• Frauenholz, R. 1980. “Maneuver Reconstruction Techniques for Open-Loop Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1980-1699. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1699
• Frazier, Scott, and Daniel Moser. 1995. “Low Cost First Stage for Small Launch Vehicles.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-3088. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3088
• Fredga, K. 1966. Monochromatic Pictures of the Sun in the Mg II Line at 2802.7 Angstrom. NASA-TM-X-55455. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015356
• Fredga, K., and R. S. Lee. 1966. Temperature Control Unit for Sounding Rocket Applications. NASA-TN-D-3491. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660027859
• Freeberg, Johann, and Jacob Hogge. 2019. “Spray Cone Formation from Pintle-Type Injector Systems in Liquid Rocket Engines.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0152. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0152
• Freeman, Paul Timothy, and Bor-Chin Chang. n.d. “Coning Reduction in Spinning Flying Vehicles.” PhD diss., Drexel University. https://doi.org/10.17918/etd-3887
• French, K. 1968. “The Initial Phase of Parachute Inflation.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1968-927. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-927
• French, J. R. 1987. “AMROC Industrial Launch Vehicle: A Low Cost Launch Vehicle.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/871336
• French, K. 1988. “Flight Test Experience with an RPV Emergency (Parachute) Recovery System.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2139. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2139
• French, Jonathan, Esam Abu-Irshaid, Joseph Majdalani, and Gary Flandro. 2007. “Hydrodynamic Stability Analysis of Solid Rocket Motors with Arbitrary Grain Design.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5808. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5808
• French, Ainslie D., Mario Panelli, Giuseppe Di Lorenzo, Antonio Schettino, and Fabio Paglia. 2017. “Combustion Instability and Pressure Oscillation Numerical Simulation in a Solid Rocket Motor.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4952
• Fresconi, Frank, and Ilmars Celmins. 2018. “Experimental Flight Characterization of Spin-Stabilized Projectiles at High Angle of Attack.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0769. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0769
• Fresconi, Frank, Bernard Guidos, Ilmars Celmins, and Wayne Hathaway. 2015. Flight Behavior of an Asymmetric Body through Spark Range Experiments Using Roll-Yaw Resonance for Yaw Enhancement. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada623629
• Frey, M., and G. Hagemann. 1998. “Status of Flow Separation Prediction in Rocket Nozzles.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3619
• Frey, M., and G. Hagemann. 1999. “Flow Separation and Side-Loads in Rocket Nozzles.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2815. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2815
• Friedman, Herbert. 1963. “Solar X-Ray Emission.” In The Solar Corona. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2872-3.50012-7
• Friedman, J. 1969. “Space Storable Propellant Performance Demonstration.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-505
• Friedman, H. 1971a. “Astronomy: Twenty-Five Years of Rocket and Satellite Astronomy.” Nature 234 (5326): 181–83. https://doi.org/10.1038/234181a0
• Friedman, H. 1971b. Space Astronomy and Upper Atmospheric Sounding. NASA-CR-125398. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720008093
• Friedman, H. 1979. “10. X-Ray and Extreme Ultraviolet Observations of the Sun.” In Harvard University Press eBooks. Harvard University Press. https://doi.org/10.4159/harvard.9780674366688.c12
• Friedman, H., S. Bowyer, E. T. Byram, and T. A. Chubb. 1964. “X-Ray Emission from Neutron Stars.” Science 144 (3618): 562–63. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.144.3618.562-c
• Friedman, H., E. T. Byram, and T. A. Chubb. 1967b. “Distribution and Variability of Cosmic X-Ray Sources.” Science 156 (3773): 374–78. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.156.3773.374
• Friedman, H. A., W. S. Hines, and G. D. Cunial. 1967a. Designer’s Guide and Computer Program for Ablative Materials in Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0816546
• Friedman, P. A., and R. J. Kenny. 1965. “Propellant Tank Pressurization by Internal Combustion.” In NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Conf. on Propellant Tank Pressurization and Stratification, Vol. 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760072670
• Friedman, H., S. W. Lichtman, and E. T. Byram. 1951. “Photon Counter Measurements of Solar X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Light.” Physical Review 83 (5): 1025–30. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.83.1025
• Friedman, H. L., and R. H. White. 1967. The Integrated-Circuit Control and Timing System of the High-Altitude Rocket-Radar Project. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022264
• Friedrich, Jochen, Holger Koch, Marc Hainke, and Christian Kranert. 2025. “Interaction of Solid Particles with a Moving Solidification Front under Microgravity Conditions during the Texus56 and Texus58 Sounding Rocket Missions – an Experimental and Theoretical Study.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5146535
• Fritts, D. C., B. B. Balsley, and W. L. Ecklund. 1984. “VHF Echoes from the Arctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere, Part II: Interpretations.” In Dynamics of the Middle Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-6390-0_6
• Fritz, D., and R. Sackheim. 1982. “Study of a Cost Optimized Pressure Fed Liquid Rocket Launch Vehicle.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1108. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1108
• Fritzemeier, Marilyn L., and Raymund P. Skowronski. 1995. “Investigation of Cleanliness Verification Techniques for Rocket Engine Hardware.” In NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center, Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950025385
• Froechtenigt, J. F. 1974. Investigation of SL 1115 X-Ray Telescope. NASA-CR-144075. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760006898
• Frolik, S., and B. Austin. 2001. “Development of Hypergolic Liquid Fuels for Use with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-13. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-13
• Frolik, S., B. Austin, J. Rusek, and S. Heister. 2000. “Development of Hypergolic Liquid Fuels for Use with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3684. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3684
• Froning, r, H., M. Little, and P. Czysz. 1995. “Use of an Almost-Developed Propellant Tank for Flight Demonstration of Spaceplane Art.” In International Aerospace Planes and Hypersonics Technologies. AIAA 1995-6099. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-6099
• Fryklund, Donald H. 1981. Applied Research and Development of Falling-Sphere Densitometer Payloads of Improved Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada108316
• Fuchs, Michael. 1989. “Laser Burn Rate Control of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1989-302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-302
• Fuentes, M., and J. Thirkill. 1964. “Evaluation of Tvc Systems for Solid-Propellant Motor Application.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-159. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-159
• Fugono, Nobuyoshi. 1969. “Measurement of Upper Atmosphere Using Rockets and Satellites.” SHINKU 12 (3): 72–88. https://doi.org/10.3131/jvsj.12.72
• Fujii, Hironori, Kohichiro Oyama, Susumo Sasaki, Yoshiki Yamagiwa, Michiel Kruijff, and Juan Sanmartin. 2004. “A Proposed Bare-Tether Experiment on Board a Sounding Rocket.” In 2nd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. AIAA 2004-5718. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5718
• Fujii, Keisuke, Shigeya Watanabe, Takuji Kurotaki, and Masao Shirouzu. 2000. “Aerodynamic Heating Measurements on Nose and Elevon of Hypersonic Flight Experiment Vehicle.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-267. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-267
• Fujimoto, R., and J. Shigemoto. 1979. “Flight Simulated Hardware Test Facilityfor Sounding Rocket Attitude Control.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-512. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-512
• Fujiwara, Hitoshi, Yasunobu Miyoshi, Hidekatsu Jin, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, and Kaori Terada. 2011. “Characteristics of Temperature and Density Structures in the Equatorial Thermosphere Simulated by a Whole Atmosphere GCM.” In Aeronomy of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_24
• Fujiwhara, S. 1916. “On the Abnormal Propagation of Sound Waves in the ATMOSPHERE.1.” Monthly Weather Review 44 (8): 436–39. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1916)44<436:otapos>2.0.co;2
• Fukui, Katsura. 1990. Anomalous Increase of Lyman Alpha Flux during the Solar Maximum Phase of Cycle 21 Observed by the AE-E Satellite. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada225652
• Fukushima, Yukio, Takeshi Fujita, and Masanori Nagatomo. 1992. “H-II Solid Rocket Booster Design and Development.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1659. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1659
• Fuller, Robert N. 1965a. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Barbados, 16-23 November 1965). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662204
• Fuller, Robert N. 1965b. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Barbados, 20-23 September 1965). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662203
• Fuller, Robert N. 1966a. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Barbados, July 1964-AUGUST 1965). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662198
• Fuller, Robert N. 1966b. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Yuma 13-15 June 1966). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662717
• Fuller, Robert N. 1967. Upper Atmosphere Winds from Gun Launched Vertical Probes (Barbados, February 17-25 1966). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0662718
• Fulmer, R., and D. Wirtz. 1965. “Measurement of Individual Particle Velocities in a Simulated Rocket Exhaust.” In 2nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1965-11. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-11
• Fulton, John D. 1966. “Microorganisms of the Upper Atmosphere: III. Relationship between Altitude and Micropopulation.” Applied Microbiology 14 (2): 237–40. https://doi.org/10.1128/am.14.2.237-240.1966
• Fulton, D. L., and C. D. Penn. 1971. Advanced Thrust Chamber (Nontubular). BC-71-27. Rockwell International Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710020110
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Acoustic Waves in Combustion Chambers.” 1995a. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0357.0376
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Aerodynamic Effects on Primary and Secondary Spray Breakup.” 1995b. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0247.0279
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Coaxial Injector Atomization.” 1995c. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0145.0189
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Experimental Procedures Aiding the Design of Acoustic Cavities.” 1995d. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0377.0399
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: High-Frequency Injection-Coupled Combustion Instability.” 1995e. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0345.0355
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Impinging Jet Injector Atomization.” 1995f. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0215.0246
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Injector Flame Stabilization Effects on Combustion Instability.” 1995g. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0281.0305
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Liquid-Propellant Droplet Vaporization: A Rate-Controlling Process for Combustion Instability.” 1995h. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0307.0343
• “Fundamental Mechanisms of Combustion Instabilities: Shear Coaxial Injector Spray Characterization.” 1995i. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0191.0213
• “Fundamentals of Supercritical Mixing and Combustion of Cryogenic Propellants.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0339.0367
• Furst, J., and J. Hazell. 1970. “Three Methods of Reducing the Impact Dispersion of the Skylark Sounding Rocket.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1375. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1375
• G-11 Probabilistic Methods Committee. 2012. Solid Rocket Booster Reliability Guidebook: Volume II Probabilistic Design and Analysis Methods for Solid Rocket Boosters. https://doi.org/10.4271/air5006/2
• Gabriel, Werner, and Werner Gabriel. 1997. “Development of a Side-Ejecting Sea Recovery System Which Is Centrally Located on a Sounding Rocket Payload.” In 14th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1997-1530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1530
• Gabriel, A. H., W. R. S. Garton, L. Goldberg, et al. 1971. Rocket Observations of the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum during the Total Eclipse of 1970 March 7. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710064214
• Gabris, E. A., Q. M. Hansen, B. S. Leonard, and M. D. Pearson. 1967. A Gyroless Solar Pointing Attitude Control System for the Aerobee Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041811
• Gabris, E. A., Q. M. Hansen, and S. J. Rusk. 1970. “A Gyroless Control System for Sub-Arc-Second Solar Pointing of a Sounding Rocket Payload.” In INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF AUTOMATIC CONTROL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700052306
• Gaffin, R. 1977. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Nozzle Flexible Seal Pivot Point Dynamics.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-986. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-986
• Gajera, Viraj. 2026. “Computational Multiphysics Modeling of Instability Staged Combustion Propulsion, Radiative Convective Ablative/TPS Interfacial Heat Transfer, Supersonic Retro Propulsive Landing Dynamics for Reusable Heavy Lift Architectures and Subcooled Liquid Management in High Pressure Rocket Engine and Booster Return Trajectories.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11332943/v1
• Galeazzi, M., K. Prasai, Y. Uprety, et al. 2011. DXL: A Sounding Rocket Mission for the Study of Solar Wind Charge Exchange and Local Hot Bubble X-Ray Emission. GSFC.JA.5273.2011. Miami Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110023018
• Galfetti, Luciano, Matteo Boiocchi, Christian Paravan, et al. 2016. “Hybrid Combustion Studies on Regression Rate Enhancement and Transient Ballistic Response.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_25
• Gallais, Patrick. n.d. “Roll-Lock-in Phenomenon.” In Atmospheric Re-Entry Vehicle Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73647-9_12
• Galletly, G. D., and J. Blachut. 1987. “Elastic Buckling of Internally Pressurized Cylinder—Bulkhead Combinations.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Mechanical Engineering Science 201 (4): 259–62. https://doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_118_02
• Galli, Federica. n.d. “Offline State of Health Estimation and Prediction of a Reusable Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine to Guide Maintenance Planning.” PhD diss., Normandie. https://doi.org/10.70675/97c77627zc51bz4cb0za02bzf5547129624d
• Gallo, Giuseppe, Mai Fukada, and Harunori Nagata. 2025. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation on the Regression to Spread Transition Mechanism in Axial-Injection End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1523. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1523
• Galowin, Lawrence S., and Albertus E. Schmidlin. 1967. “Flueric Sun Sensor-Actuator, a Solar Attitude Control System.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/670553
• Gangeh, Ali J., Hieu Bui, Emmett Moore, Shreya Chandra, and Paul Erickson. 2023. “Design of a Low-Thrust LOX/Kerosene Pressure-Fed Liquid Rocket Engine.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-72230. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-72230
• Gantmakher, F. R., and L. M. Levin. 1964a. “Equations of Motion of a Rocket.” In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50007-0
• Gantmakher, F. R., and L. M. Levin. 1964b. “Fundamentals of Rocket Dispersion.” In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50009-4
• Gantmakher, F. R., and L. M. Levin. 1964c. “Rocket Motion in Three Dimensions.” In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50013-6
• Gantmakher, F. R., and L. M. Levin. 1964d. “SPIN-STABILIZED ROCKETS.” In The Flight of Uncontrolled Rockets. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-013747-6.50014-8
• Gantner, Brennan, James Green, Matthew Beasley, et al. 2010. “FIRE: Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Rocket Experiment: A Sounding Rocket Telescope.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 7732, edited by Monique Arnaud, Stephen S. Murray, Tadayuki Takahashi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.857288
• Gantner, Brennan, James Green, Matthew Beasley, Robert Kane, and Ted Schultz. 2011. “First Results from the Far-Ultraviolet Imaging Rocket Experiment (FIRE).” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8145, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893918
• Gany, A., L. Caveny, and M. Summerfield. 1977. “Aluminized Solid Propellants Burning in a Rocket Motor Flow Field.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-929. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-929
• Gao, Bo, Shuo Tang, and Zhi Xu. 2017. “Separation Modeling of the Internal Air-Launch Rocket from a Cargo Aircraft.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2253. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2253
• Gao, Bo, Dingyou Ye, and Xiao Hou. 1999. “Numerical Simulation of Gas-Particle Two-Phase Turbulent Flows in the Combustion Chamber of Spinning Solid Rocket Motor.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2799
• Gao, Xinglong, Qingbin Zhang, Qin Chen, and Wenkai Wang. 2020. “Fluid-Structure Interactions on Steerable Cruciform Parachute Inflation Dynamics.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 751 (1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/751/1/012010
• Gao, Xinglong, Qingbin Zhang, and Qiangang Tang. 2015. “Transient Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Complex Parachute Inflation with Fixed Payload.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 28 (4): 04014097. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000430
• Gao, Huiliang, and Dan Zhu. 2025. “Thermal Protection Analysis of Hypersonic Reentry Nose Cone with Multirow Disk Spike Using Lateral Single/Multijets: A Computational Investigation.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 147 (6): 061202. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067366
• Garcia, Alexandre, and Guilherme da Silveira. 2015. “Proposal of Static Margin Limit during Launch Phase for the VS-30 Orion Sounding Rocket.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-36-0160
• Garcon, Francois, Jean-Claude Raffin, Joelle Fontaine, and S. Wolf. 2003. “New Roll Damping, Pitch Damping and Magnus Measurement Rigs at ONERA.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-454. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-454
• Gardner, W. R. 1971. Soft X-Ray Astronomy Proportional Counter Electronics. NASA-CR-115509. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720018093
• Garing, J. S., and B. Schurin. 1973. “Infrared Observations of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_27
• Garmire, G. P. 1974. High Angular Resolution Cosmic X-Ray Astronomy Observations in the Energy Range 0.15-2 keV and XUV Observations of Nearby Stars from an Attitude Controlled Rocket. NASA-CR-140408. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740027132
• Garmire, G. P. 1976. “X-Ray Astronomy Program at CIT.” In NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Binaries. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760019031
• Garner, Trevor W. 2010. ARL Support of NRL Rocket Experiments to Investigate Ionospheric Phenomena. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada529149
• Garny, Hella. 2025. “Intrinsic Predictability from the Troposphere to the Mesosphere/ Lower Thermosphere (MLT).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173724172.26620314/v1
• Garrard, William. 1991. “Application of Inflation Theories to Preliminary Parachute Force Andstress Analyses.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-862. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-862
• Garrard, W., and T. Konicke. 1981. “Stress Measurements in Bias Constructed Parachute Canopies during Inflation and at Steady-State.” In 7th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1945. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1945
• Garvey, John, Eric Besnard, Geoff Elson, and Kelly Carter. 2003. “The Incremental Development of a Cost-Effective Small Launch Vehicle for Nanosat Payloads.” In AIAA Space 2003 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2003-6390. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-6390
• Gary, G. A., E. A. West, J. M. Davis, and D. Rees. 2007. CIV Interferometer for a Solar Sounding Rocket Program. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070018824
• Gasparoni, Bernardo, Jeferson Leles, and Tamires Lima. 2026. “Design and Aerodynamic Testing of Parachute Geometries for Rocket Recovery.” In International Brazilian-Ukrainian Scientific Conference of Students, PhD Candidates and Young Researchers “Aerospace Technologies”. State University “Kyiv Aviation Institute”. https://doi.org/10.18372/kai.2026.conf02.a12
• Gasperini, Federico, McArthur Jones, Brian J. Harding, and Thomas J. Immel. 2022. “Direct Observational Evidence of Altered Mesosphere Lower Thermosphere Mean Circulation from a Major Sudden Stratospheric Warming.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.167160790.04526766/v1
• Gassmann, George J. 1963. Electron Density Profiles of Wavemotions in the Ionosphere Caused by Nuclear Detonations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0626694
• Gassmann, G. L. 1973. Analog Model 1972 of the Arctic Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0762280
• Gatza, Brody, and Cheng Huang. 2025. “Component-Based Reduced-Order Modeling of Rocket Combustion Dynamics in Multi-Injector Configurations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0357. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0357
• Gaug, Nicholas, Morgan Gregg, Michael Pena, Harry Shrager, Vincent Nguyen, and Alfonso Lagares. 2024. “Design and Drop Test of Sounding Rocket Parachute System.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-85643. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-85643
• Gault, W. A., and D. M. Hunten. 1963. “Twilight Lithium in the Upper Atmosphere: High Abundance of Twilight Lithium, November 1962.” Nature 198 (4879): 469–469. https://doi.org/10.1038/198469a0
• Gautam, Vivek, and Ashwani Gupta. 2007. “Characterization of Cryogenic Flow and Atomization from a Coaxial Rocket Injector.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5567
• Gawlik, H., and E. Riester. 1970. “Comparison of a Booster-Ram Rocket Combination with a Two-Stage Rocket for an Acceleration Mission.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7551-7_25
• Ge, Mingcheng, Lei Dai, Linna Liang, et al. 2026. “Metal Coordination Compounds Base on Cyanoborohydride and 2-Imidazolidinone: Activity Fuels for Hypergolic and AP Composite Propellant Applications.” Inorganic Chemistry 65 (33): 19506–16. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.6c03005
• Gebert, Glenn, Ralph Klestadt, and Youn Oh. 1999. “Rocket Plume Interference Effects on Slender Bodies at High Angles of Attack.” In 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-989. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-989
• Gebrayel El Reaidy, Georges, Frank R. Wagner, Delphine Faye, and Jean-Yves Natoli. 2022. “Laser-Induced Contamination Deposit Growth Mechanisms on Space Optics.” Optical Engineering 61 (09): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.61.9.096110
• Gee, Kent L., Makayle S. Kellison, Bradley W. McLaughlin, et al. 2025. “Examining the Launch Pad Noise Environment for a Small-Lift Launch Vehicle.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 158 (4_Supplement): A240-A240. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0040740
• Geiger, A. 1965. “Analysis of the Effects of Rocket Exhaust Fluctuations on Fsk Telemetry.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-184. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-184
• Geisler, R. 1993. “My Memoirs of Solid Propellant Development at the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1783. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1783
• Geisler, R., and C. Beckman. 1998. The History of the BATES Motors at the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada405742
• Gellin, S. 1979. “Effect of an Axisymmetric Imperfection on the Plastic Buckling of an Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 46 (1): 125–31. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3424483
• General Dynamics Corp Pomona Ca Pomona Div. 1960. Pye Wacket. Lenticular Rocket Feasibility Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0317697
• Generales, D. J. 1963. “Weightlessness: Its Physical, Biological, and Medical Aspects.” In Medical and Biological Problems of Space Flight. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2865-5.50010-5
• “Generalized Two-Impulse Scheme for Reorienting a Spin Stabilized Vehicle.” 1962. In Guidance And Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864827.0649.0668
• Geng, Dan, Zengliang Zhao, Li Wan, Chao Zhao, and Jinxian Peng. 2022. “Analysis of Data from near Space Meteorological Rocket Sounding in Northwest China in Winter.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 42 (3): 396. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2022.03.210527065
• Genkin, L., M. Baer, and J. Falcovitz. 1996. “MOC Computation of Intermediate-Altitude Rocket Plumes with Shock Waves.” In 31st Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1996-1883. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1883
• “Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Cosmodromes Worldwide.” 2016a. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-18
• “Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Launches from Russian Cosmodromes.” 2016b. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-17
• George Washington Univ Washington Dc. 2001. Test Standards for Flight Termination Receivers/Decoders. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada385535
• Gérard, Jean-Claude. 1980. “A Review of Optical F-Region Processes in the Polar Atmosphere.” In Exploration of the Polar Upper Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8417-2_14
• Gerard, J.-C., and D. W. Rusch. 1979. “The Auroral Ionosphere: Comparison of a Time-Dependent Model with Composition Measurements.” Journal of Geophysical Research 84. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790064337
• Gernand, Jeffery, Amanda Gillespie, Mark Monaghan, and Nicholas Cummings. 2010. “Constellation Ground Systems Launch Availability Analysis: Enhancing Highly Reliable Launch Systems Design.” In SpaceOps 2010 Conference. AIAA 2010-2180. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-2180
• Ghaffar, Zulkifli Abdul, Salmiah Kasolang, and Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid. 2017. “Jet-Swirl Injector Spray Characteristics in Combustion Waste of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Thrust Chamber.” In Engineering and Technical Development for a Sustainable Environment. Apple Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315207322-13
• Ghafourian, A., S. Mahalingam, H. Dindi, and J. Daily. 1991. “A Review of Atomization in Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-283
• Ghazi, A., and R. T. Watson. 1984. Intercomparison of Stratospheric/mesospheric Data; Proceedings of the Topical Meeting, Graz, Austria, June 25-July 7, 1984. ISSN: 0273-1177. Commission of the European Communities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850047625
• Ghini, Carolina, and Augusto Mazzoni. 2026. “Doppler-Based GNSS Variometry for Velocity Estimation in High-Dynamic Sounding Rocket Missions.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9493522/v1
• Ghoreyshi, Mehdi, Keith Bergeron, Adam Jirasek, Jurgen Seidel, and Gregory Noetscher. 2023. “High-Fidelity Simulations of Flight Dynamics and Trajectory of a Parachute-Payload System Leaving the C-17 Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0419. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0419
• Ghoreyshi, Mehdi, Keith Bergeron, Adam Jirasek, Jürgen Seidel, and Greg Noetscher. 2024. “High-Fidelity Simulations of Flight Dynamics and Trajectory of a Parachute-Payload System Leaving the C-17 Aircraft.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3915184/v1
• Ghosh, S. N. 2002. “Effects of Solar UV, EUV and X-Ray Radiation on the Upper Atmosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0071-9_4
• Giacconi, Riccardo. 1981. “X-Ray Astronomy in the Einstein Era.” In X-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9949-3_1
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, and H. Manko. 1968. A Continuation of a Program of High Angular Resolution Studies of Celestial X-Ray Sources Final Report, 19 Feb.: 1 Aug. 1968. NASA-CR-96716. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680025331
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, H. Manko, and J. R. Waters. 1967a. A Program of High Angular Resolution Studies of Celestial X-Ray Sources. NASA-CR-752. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670013451
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1966a. Analysis of Sounding Rocket Data Regarding Celestial X-Ray Sources Final Report. NASA-CR-80112. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670010321
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1966b. A Program of X-Ray Astronomy from Sounding Rocket Final Report. NASA-CR-79097. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660030701
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1967b. Results of a Sounding Rocket Experiment to Study Celestial X-Ray Sources Final Report. NASA-CR-85787. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022531
• Giacconi, R., P. Gorenstein, H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1967c. An X-Ray Survey of the Cygnus Region. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670053919
• Giacconi, Riccardo, Herbert Gursky, Frank R. Paolini, and Bruno B. Rossi. 1962. “Evidence for x Rays from Sources outside the Solar System.” Physical Review Letters 9 (11): 439–43. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.9.439
• Giacconi, R., H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1965b. Spectral Data from the Cosmic x-Ray Sources in Scorpius and near the Galactic Centre. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650051111
• Giacconi, R., H. Gursky, and J. R. Waters. 1966c. Survey of Extraterrestrial Non-Solar X-Radiation by Rocket Borne Instruments Final Report. NASA-CR-71522. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660012151
• Giacconi, R., J. C. Lindsay, W. S. Muney, W. P. Reidy, and T. Zehnpfennig. 1965a. Solar X-Ray Images Obtained Using Grazing Incidence Optics. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660035999
• Gibart, Jules. n.d. “Non-Linear Stability of a Liquid Propelled Rocket Engine in Closed Loop Regulation.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/a3daf536z34f7z4ce1zab60z57865f27ae3b
• Gibby, H. 1964. “Ignition Transient Control through Inhibiting of Propellant Grain.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-124
• Gidzak, Vladimyr, Michael Barnhardt, Travis Drayna, Ioannis Nompelis, Graham Candler, and William Garrard. 2008. “Simulation of Fluid-Structure Interaction of the Mars Science Laboratory Parachute.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-6910. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6910
• Gielda, Thomas, T. Walter, and Ramesh Agarwal. 1992. “Single Stage Rocket Performance: Prediction and Test.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1386. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1386
• Gilchrist, B. E., and L. G. Smith. 1979. Rocket Radio Measurement of Electron Density in the Nighttime Ionosphere. NASA-CR-157442. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790018416
• Gilcrease, Arthur A. 1982. Engineering and Instrumentation Support of the AFGL Research Rocket Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada128987
• Giles, J. W., H. W. Moos, and W. R. McKinney. 1976. “The Far Ultraviolet (1200-1900 a) Spectrum of Jupiter Obtained with a Rocket-Borne Multichannel Spectrometer.” Journal of Geophysical Research 81. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770034005
• Gillerlain, J., Jr. 1979. “Fin-Cone Interference Flow Field.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-200
• Gillerlain Jr. and Joseph D. 1976a. Experimental Investigation of a Fin-Cone Interference Flow Field at Mach 5. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada029999
• Gillerlain Jr. and Joseph D. 1976b. Use of Phase-Change Paints to Study Fin-Body Interference Heating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada027029
• Gillis, Clarence L., and Jesse L. Mitchell. 1957. Determination of Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics from Free-Flight Model Tests with Results at Transonic Speeds for Three Airplane Configurations. NACA-TR-1337. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092326
• Ginzburg, V. L., L. V. Kurnosova, L. A. Razorenov, and M. I. Fradkin. 1963. “Some Results Obtained from the Study of Cosmic Rays and Radiation Belts with Soviet Satellites and Space Rockets.” Space Science Reviews 2 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00208815
• Gipps, Graham De Visme. n.d. “Phenomena in the F2 Region of the Ionosphere over S.E. Queensland.” PhD diss., University of Queensland Library. https://doi.org/10.14264/4e41eb2
• Girard, Timothy J., and Richard M. Payton. 1994. “Method of Conservatively Predicting Long-Term Outgassing and Deposition Levels Based on Diffusion-Limited Outgassing Theory.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2261, edited by A. Peter M. Glassford. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.190136
• Girard, Sébastien, and Philippe Reijasse. 2008. “Experimental Study of Flow Separation in a 2D-Overexpanded Nozzle with Internal Shock Wave.” In 38th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4149. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4149
• Girata, P., Jr., and W. McGregor. 1983. “Particle Sampling of Solid Rocket Motor /SRM/ Exhausts in High-Altitude Test Cells.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-245. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-245
• Gitter, Y. K., and J. W. Leachman. 2024. “Tuning Hydrogen Boil-off via Inert Gas Insulation Purge in a Vapor Cooled Shielded Fuel Tank.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1301 (1): 012053. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1301/1/012053
• Givishvili, Givi. 2024. “Oxygen and Cooling of the Upper Atmosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4976055
• Glaab, J. A. 1985. “Extending the Capabilities of Sounding Rocket Class Experiments.” In ESA The Seventh ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860009390
• Glaese, J., H. Kennel, G. Nurre, S. Seltzer, and H. Shelton. 1975. “A Low Cost LST Pointing Control System.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1975-1057. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1057
• Glaser, Christopher. n.d. “Development of Modular Stepped Design Methodology Enabling High Regression Rates on Hybrid Rocket Engines.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/f1ce8de3z843fz413bzb76czffc77f6b5ce9
• Glass, James F., B. David Goracke, and Daniel J. H. Levack. 1998. “Very High Thrust-to-Weight Rocket Engines.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 420. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.54902
• Glatt, Benjamin. 1961. Determination of Rocket-Motor Mass by Measurement of the Natural Frequency of a Mass-Spring System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0262056
• Glick, R. L., and J. R. Osborn. 1982. Solid Rocket and Space Propulsion Studies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada122239
• Gloger, Jonathan, Claudio Lettieri, and Louis Souverein. 2021. “Loss and Thrust Modeling of Rocket Engine High Density Turbopumps.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1115/1.0003139v
• Glowacki, Walter J. 1971. NOL Hypervelocity Wind Tunnel. Report No. 2: Nozzle Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0727591
• Glushko, V. P. 1976. “Development of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Engineering and Its Influence on Science and Technology in the USSR.” In Space Activity Impact on Science and Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020365-2.50007-x
• Gobinath, Aadhavan, and Bashir Minas. 2026. “Analytical Design and MATLAB Implementation of a Liquid-Centered Coaxial Swirl Injector Element for LOX/GCH4 Rocket Engines.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/8242
• Goddard, R. H. 1924. “The High-Altitude Rocket.” Monthly Weather Review 52 (2): 105–6. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1924)52<105:thr>2.0.co;2
• “Goddard’s Rocket for Exploring Upper Air.” 1924. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 5 (1): 15b-16. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-5.1.15b
• Goiko, V. L., V. A. Poryazov, and A. Yu. Krainov. 2020. “Calculation of the Ignition Delay Time of Metallized Solid Propellant by a Convective High-Temperature Flow.” In Nonequilibrium Processes: Recent Accomplishments. TORUS PRESS. https://doi.org/10.30826/nepcap9a-35
• Goldberg, J. E. 1961. Thin Cylindrical Shell under Internal Pressure and Concentrated Normal Load. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0686493
• Goldberg, Louis. 1967a. “The Application of Parameter Management to Roll Rate Control in the Ballistic Missile Target System.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1326. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1326
• Goldberg, Richard A., Gerald A. Lehmacher, Frank J. Schmidlin, et al. 1997. Equatorial Dynamics Observed by Rocket, Radar, and Satellite during the CADRE/MALTED Campaign: Programmatics and Small-Scale Fluctuations: 1. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000038161
• Goldberg, Richard A., Francis J. Schmidlin, Artem Feofilov, M. Bedrick, and R. Lynn Rose. 2012. Comparison of Temperature Measurements in the Middle Atmosphere by Satellite with Profiles Obtained by Meteorological Rockets. GSFC.ABS.6170.2012. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120009174
• Goldey, Charles L., William T. Laughlin, and Leslie A. Popper. 1996. “Radiometric Probe Design for the Measurement of Heat Flux within a Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2815, edited by James M. Palmer. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.257145
• Goldfinger, D. C., J. S. Adams, R. Baker, et al. 2016a. “Status of the Micro-X Sounding Rocket X-Ray Spectrometer.” In SPIE Proceedings. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170005573
• Goldin, Roni, Syamantak Nath, Joseph K. Lefkowitz, and Benveniste Natan. 2024. “Hypergolic Ignition of a Kerosene-Based Gel Fuel with Hydrogen Peroxide in Rocket Motors.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 23 (2): 67–78. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2023051032
• Goldman, S. R., A. J. Scannapieco, L. Baker, and S. L. Ossakow. 1975. Coupled Barium Cloud-Ionosphere Systems. 4. Striation Penetration into an Inhomogeneous Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada015618
• Goldsborough, Mark. 2005. “Reduced Cost Small Satellite Launch Vehicle.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3794. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3794
• Golembiewski, Cara M., Raymond G. Cruddace, and Michael P. Kowalski. 1998. “Collimator Design for the J-PEX Sounding Rocket.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3445, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Mark A. Gummin. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.330277
• Golian, S. E., E. H. Krause, and G. J. Perlow. 1946. “Additional Cosmic-Ray Measurements with the V-2 Rocket.” Physical Review 70 (9–10): 776–77. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.70.776
• Golub, L. 1984. A Normal Incidence, High Resolution X-Ray Telescope for Solar Coronal Observations. NASA-CR-173518. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840015344
• Golub, L. 1985. A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-176169. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850027436
• Golub, Leon. 1987. A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-180109. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870006616
• Golub, Leon. 1989. A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope (NIXT) Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-185438. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890017416
• Golub, Leon. 1996. A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope (NIXT) Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-203098. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970008135
• Golub, Leon. 1997. A Normal Incidence X-Ray Telescope (NIXT) Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-204493. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970023202
• Golub, Leon. 1998a. The Global Coronal Structure Investigation. NASA/CR-1998-207448. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980022694
• Golub, V. V., S. V. Efremov, and A. S. Saveliev. 2012. “Asymmetric Flow Separation in De Laval Nozzle.” In 28th International Symposium on Shock Waves. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-25685-1_25
• Golub, L., K. L. Harvey, M. Herant, and D. F. Webb. 1989. X-Ray Bright Points and He I Lambda 10830 Dark Points. Solar Physics Research Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900001486
• Golub, Leon, and Marc Herant. 1989. “Analysis of the 23 June 1988 Flare Using NIXT Multilayer X-Ray Images.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900058977
• Golub, L., G. Nystrom, E. Spiller, and J. Wilczynski. 1985. Construction of a Multilayered X-Ray Telescope for Solar Coronal Studies from Space. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870023690
• Goncalves de Miranda, Fabienne, Jean-Luc Estivalezes, and Gerard Lavergne. 2000. “Numerical Simulation of Droplets Dispersion in a Cold-Flow Rocket.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-818
• Gonini, Gabriel de Andrade Janene, A. Aliano, L. T. Moresco, I. B. Pasquali, and Amir Antônio Martins Oliveira. 2023. “Convergent and Divergent Angles of a Solid-Fuel Rocket Nozzle and Its Influences on the Motor’s Thrust Curve.” Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21 (4): 20. https://doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i4.89674
• Gonthier, B., and J. Tauzia. 1985. “Burning Rate Enhancement Phenomena in End-Burning Solid Propellant Grains.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1435. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1435
• Gonzalez, Marcos. 2023. Design and Testing for a Passive Stabilizer Fin for a Rocket. https://doi.org/10.46254/sa03.20220418
• Gooch, J., B. Kirkwood, H. Knoebel, H. Krone, and D. Skaperdas. 1965. High Resolution Radio Frequency Measurements of Faraday Rotation and Differential Absorption with Rocket Probes. NASA-CR-70319. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660007804
• Goodrick, T. 1979. “Simulation Studies of the Flight Dynamics of Gliding Parachute Systems.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-417. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-417
• Goodrick, T. 1981. “Comparison of Simulation and Experimental Data for a Gliding Parachute in Dynamic Flight.” In 7th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1924. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1924
• Gordon, Sanford, and Bonnie J. McBride. 1959. Theoretical Performance of Liquid Hydrogen with Liquid Oxygen as a Rocket Propellant. NASA-MEMO-5-21-59E. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228039
• Gorelyi, K. I., S. I. Kozlov, P. M. Nagorskii, and B. B. Tsybikov. 2008. “Disturbance of the Upper Atmosphere after Crash Launch of the Proton Carrier Rocket.” Cosmic Research 46 (5): 401–7. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0010952508050067
• Gorenstein, P., and D. Fabricant. 1979. X-Ray Structure of Clusters of Galaxies. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800029248
• Gorenstein, P., D. Fabricant, K. Topka, F. R. Harnden Jr., and W. H. Tucker. 1978. Soft X-Ray Structure of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780066118
• Gorenstein, P., H. Gursky, and E. M. Kellogg. 1968. The Location of the X-Ray Source in Vela. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690034605
• Gorenstein, P., B. Harris, H. Gursky, and R. Giacconi. 1971. “A Rocket Payload Using Focusing X-Ray Optics for the Observation of Soft Cosmic X-Rays.” Symposium - International Astronomical Union 41: 183–183. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900103493
• Gorenstein, P., and S. Mickiewicz. 1968. Reduction of Cosmic Background in an X-Ray Proportional Counter through Risetime Discrimination. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680050899
• Goucem, Mahdi, and Raouf Khiri. 2023. “Optimizing Supersonic Rocket Efficiency: A Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Characteristics and Angle of Canard Deflection.” International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE) 16 (5): 207. https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v16i5.24129
• Gough, M. P., and H. L. Collin. 1974. “Energetic Electron Precipitation as a Source of Ionization in the Night-Time D Region over the Mid-Latitude Rocket Range, South Uist (Abstract Only).” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-026
• Gourlay, Christopher M. n.d. “The Flow-Field Generated by Inclined Ramp Tabs in a Rocket Nozzle Exhaust.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/363815
• Gowan, E. H. 1929. “Low Frequency Sound Waves and the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 124 (3125): 452–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/124452a0
• Gradl, Paul, and Will Brandsmeier. 2016. Manufacturing Process Developments for Regeneratively-Cooled Channel Wall Rocket Nozzles. M16-5432. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170000428
• Gradl, Paul, Sandy E. Greene, Christopher Protz, et al. 2018. “Additive Manufacturing of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Devices: A Summary of Process Developments and Hot-Fire Testing Results.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180006344
• Gradl, Paul R., Christopher S. Protz, John C. Fikes, et al. n.d.-b. “Lightweight Thrust Chamber Assemblies Using Multi-Alloy Additive Manufacturing and Composite Overwrap.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy Forum 2020. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205004830
• Gradl, Paul, Chris Protz, John Fikes, Dave Ellis, and Laura Evans. n.d.-a. “Large Scale and Multi-Alloy Rocket Engine Component Development Using Various Metal Additive Manufacturing Techniques.” In JANNAF Liquid Propulsion Subcommittee (LPS) Additive Manufacturing for Propulsion Applications Technical Interchange Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205004369
• Graefe, A. F., and L. J. Gordon. 1957. Investigation of Liquid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0139048
• Graham, Kenneth J. 2010. Mitigation of Fuel Fire Threat to Large Rocket Motors by Venting. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada532243
• Grahn, S., and L. Stenmark. 1979. “The Swedish Materials Science Experiment in the Texus 1 and 2 Rockets: A Technical Description.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-521
• “Grain Design and Development Problems for Very Large Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0003.0031
• “Grain Design and Geometrical Analysis and Burn Rate of Rocket Motors.” 2024. International Journal of Progressive Research in Engineering Management and Science. https://doi.org/10.58257/ijprems36994
• Grammer, Daniel, and Mary Bowden. 2025. “Neutron Scintillators for Cosmic Ray Detection in High Altitude Ballooning.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-100544. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-100544
• Granata, Andrés Eduardo Villa. 2025. “Assessment of High-Precision Pointing Requirements for Attitude Determination and Control of Small Satellites.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.35869/11093/9758
• Grant Athay, R. 1960. “Rocket and Satellite Observations of the Solar Ultra-Violet Spectrum.” Nature 186 (4730): 1036–1036. https://doi.org/10.1038/1861036a0
• Grant, E., Jr., R. Lancaster, and M. Summerfield. 1964. “A Study of the Ignition of Solid Propellants in a Small Rocket Motor.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-153. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-153
• Grassl, H. J. 1971. Sounding Rocket Flight Report, MUMP 9 and MUMP 10. NASA-CR-122557. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720013143
• Grasso, Francesco, and Peter A. Gnoffo. 1990. “A Numerical Study of Hypersonic Stagnation Heat Transfer Predictions at a Coordinate Singularity.” In GAMM-Conference on Numerical Methods in Fluid Mechanics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910049570
• Gray, J. W., J. W. Hardin, C. F. J. R. Milliner, and H. C. Needleman. 1970. “1970 Solar Eclipse Sounding Rocket Project.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032979
• Grayson, G., and E. Distefano. 1993. “Propellant Acquisition for Single-Stage Rocket Technology.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2283
• Grayson, Gary, Alfredo Lopez, Frank Chandler, Leon Hastings, Ali Hedayat, and James Brethour. 2007. “CFD Modeling of Helium Pressurant Effects on Cryogenic Tank Pressure Rise Rates in Normal Gravity.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5524. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5524
• Grazing Incidence Imaging Telescope for X-Ray Astronomy Using Sounding Rockets. 1979. NASA-CR-162356. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790025958
• Grazing-Incidence Telescopes for Celestial X-Ray Astronomy Using Aerobee Rockets Final Report. 1970. NASA-CR-113911. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700032483
• Greatrix, D. 1995a. “Acceleration-Based Combustion Augmentation Modelling for Noncylindrical Grain Solid Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2876. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2876
• Greatrix, D. 1995b. “Correlation of Pressure Rise with Radial Vibration Level in Solid Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2880. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2880
• Greatrix, David. 2004. “Numerical Transient Burning Rate Model for Solid Rocket Motor Simulations.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3726
• Greatrix, David. 2009. “Parametric Evaluation of Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Behavior.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5251. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5251
• Greatrix, David R. 2012a. “Air-Breathing Rocket Engines.” In Powered Flight. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2485-6_13
• Greatrix, David R. 2012b. “Hybrid Rocket Engines.” In Powered Flight. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2485-6_12
• Greatrix, David R. 2012c. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Powered Flight. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2485-6_11
• Greatrix, David R. 2012d. “Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” In Powered Flight. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2485-6_10
• Greatrix, David R. 2013a. “Nonuniform Particle Regression and Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Suppression.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-4082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4082
• Greatrix, David R. 2013b. “Uniform Particle Regression and Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Suppression.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-4081. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4081
• Greatrix, David R. 2014. “Use of Reactive Particles for Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Suppression.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3493. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3493
• Greatrix, David R. 2018. “LF and HF Combustion Instability in Hybrid Rocket Engines.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4527. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4527
• Greatrix, David. 2021a. “Numerical Evaluation of the Use of Aluminum Particles for Enhancing Solid Rocket Motor Combustion Stability.” Preprint, Ryerson University. https://doi.org/10.32920/14640180.v1
• Greatrix, David R. 2021b. “Scale Effects on Solid Rocket Combustion Instability Behaviour.” Preprint, Ryerson University. https://doi.org/10.32920/14638521
• Greatrix, David R. 2021c. “Solid Rocket Burning Rate Modeling Considerations for Multidimensional Motor Geometries.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3694. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3694
• Greatrix, D., and D. Greatrix. 1997. “Transverse Vibration and Rocket Combustor Internal Ballistics.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3338
• Greatrix, David R., and Jerry Karpynczyk. 2005. “Rocket Vehicle Design for Small-Payload Delivery to Orbit.” Canadian aeronautics and space journal 51 (3): 123–31. https://doi.org/10.5589/q05-013
• Greeb, M. E. 1972. Fabrication and Test of Eight Sets of STRAP 3 Flight Hardware. NASA-CR-130088. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720022020
• Greeb, M. E., and D. J. Shrewsberry. 1970. “Stellar Tracking Rocket Attitude Positioning (STRAP) System.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032986
• Green, L. 1966. “Simulation of Rocket Engine Starting Transients Using a Shock Tube Combustion Driver.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-761
• Green, Steven, Russell Burkey, and James Sudermann. 2010. “Time Frequency Analysis of Spacecraft Propellant Tank Spinning Slosh.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6978. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6978
• Green, B., B. Wood, O. Uy, and R. Cain. 1999. “Satellite Contamination and Materials Outgassing Effects Databases.” In Space Technology Conference and Exposition. AIAA 1999-4592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4592
• Green, L., Jr. 1963. “Fluid-Mechanical Factors in Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-516. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-516
• Greene, Benjamin, Mark B. McClure, and Harry T. Johnson. 2004. “Destruction or Decomposition of Hypergolic Chemicals in a Liquid Propellant Testing Laboratory.” Chemical Health and Safety 11 (1): 6–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chs.2003.09.017
• Greene, William, and David Vaughan. 1998. “Simulation and Testing of in-Tank Propellant Densification for Launch Vehicles.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3688. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3688
• Greenwood, T., R. Prozan, A. Ratliff, and D. Seymour. 1970. “Analysis of Liquid Rocket Propellant Engine Exhaust Plumes.” In 5th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1970-844. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-844
• Gregg, Thomas. 1988. “PNS Simulation of Rocket Exhaust Nozzle Flows.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3345. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3345
• Gregorek, Gerald M. 1976. “International Model Rocket Engine Standards.” In Space Activity Impact on Science and Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020365-2.50043-3
• Gregoriou, G. 1986. “Aeromechanical Calculations for a Rocket Featuring a Range of 120 Kmand Different Control Systems.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2041. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2041
• Gregory, J. B. 1958. “The Mesopause Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 181 (4611): 753–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/181753a0
• Greifinger, Carl, and Phyllis Greifinger. 1978. Effect of Lateral Gradients on ELF Propagation in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada068124
• Greiner, B., and R. Frederick Jr. 1992. “Results of Labscale Hybrid Rocket Motor Investigation.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3301. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3301
• Grenda, J., S. Venkateswaran, and C. Merkle. 1991. “Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability Analysis by CFD Methods.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2085. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2085
• Grey, Jerry. 1953. Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0036007
• Grey, Jerry. 1954. Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0042856
• Grieb, Daniel Joseph. n.d. “Design and Analysis of a Reusable N2O-Cooled Aerospike Nozzle for Labscale Hybrid Rocket Motor Testing.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2012.7
• Griffith, R. M. 1961. “Pressures and Densities Derived from Rocket-Grenade Data.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 42 (8): 588–89. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-42.8.588
• Grimminger, George. 1959. “Density of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 183 (4664): 811–12. https://doi.org/10.1038/183811b0
• Grimshaw, Nicholas. 2008. “ROCKET TOWER.” In Transparente Kunststoffe. DE GRUYTER. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8294-0_20
• Griner, Gary. 1967b. “Reduction of Rocket Wind Dispersion by Adjusting the Thrust-Time Curve.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1322. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1322
• Gringauz, K. I., V. A. Rudakov, and A. V. Kaporskii. 1961. “Instrumentation for Rocket Measurements of Free-Electron Concentration in the Ionosphere.” In Artificial Earth Satellites. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5959-1_3
• Grodzovskii, G. L. 1968. “Bodies of Revolution with Minimal Drag Coefficient and Low Heat Transfer at High Supersonic Speeds.” Fluid Dynamics 3 (5): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01029537
• Groh, Rainer, and Alberto Pirrera. 2019. “Localised Post-Buckling States of Axially Compressed Cylinders and Their Energy Barriers.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0231
• Groll, A. 1975. NVA Upper Air Temperature and Wind Analysis for a 12-Level European Area Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada013192
• Gros, Charles G. 1963. Aerodynamic Heating and Other Parameters Affecting Space Vehicle Operations: An Annotated Bibliography. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0436090
• Grosse, Matthias. 2009. “Effect of a Diaphragm on Performance and Fuel Regression of a Laboratory Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor Using Nitrous Oxide and Paraffin.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5113. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5113
• Grosse, Jens, Stephan T. Seidel, Markus Krutzik, Marco Scharringhausen, and Tim van Zoest. 2014. “Thermal and Mechanical Design of the MAIUS Atom Interferometer Sounding Rocket Payload.” In AIAA SPACE 2014 Conference and Exposition. AIAA 2014-4210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-4210
• Grossi, Marco, Alessio Sereno, Daniele Bianchi, and Bernardo Favini. 2023. “Role of Finite-Rate Kinetics on the Performance Predictions of Solid Rocket Motor Nozzles.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1314. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1314
• Groteluschen, M. 1967. “Design Criteria for Remote- Site Sounding Rocket Launchers.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1355. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1355
• Groves, G. V. 1959a. “Air Density in the Upper Atmosphere from Satellite Orbit Observations.” Nature 184 (4681): 178–79. https://doi.org/10.1038/184178a0
• Groves, G. V. 1959b. “Determination of Upper-Atmosphere Air-Density Profile from Satellite Observations.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 252 (1268): 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1959.0133
• Groves, G. V. 1960. “Upper-Atmosphere Wind Studies by Skylark Rocket Sodium Experiment.” Nature 187 (4742): 1001–2. https://doi.org/10.1038/1871001a0
• Groves, G. V. 1966. “Theory of the Rocket-Grenade Method of Measuring Temperature, Pressure, Density and Wind Velocity in the Upper Atmosphere.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 290 (1420): 44–73. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1966.0038
• Groves, Gerald V. 1977. Determination of Air Density, Temperature and Winds at High Altitude. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada037860
• Groves, J. R., and T. E. Thompson Jr. 1969. Aerobee 350, Flight 17.03 GE: Instrumentation Information and Calibration Data. NASA-TM-X-63664. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690028315
• Grubelich, Mark, John Rowland, and Larry Reese. 1993. “A Hybrid Rocket Engine Design for Simple Low Cost Sounding Rocket Use.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2265. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2265
• Gruszczynski, M., V. Thorp, W. Heim, and N. Swanson. 1991. “Design, Development, and Test of the Atlas Liquid Hydrogen Propellant Tank Foam Insulation System.” In 26th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1991-1438. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1438
• Guan, Le, Gang Yu, Xia He, and Run Li. 2025. “Inflation Process of Radially Closed Parachute.” Physics of Fluids 37 (2): 025109. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0249139
• Gubarev, M., B. Ramsey, S. L. O’Dell, et al. 2012. “Flight Programs and X-Ray Optics Development at MSFC.” In 2012 Astronomical Telescope and Instrumentation (SPIE) Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130000608
• Guelhan, Ali. 2017. “Main Achievements of the Rocket Technology Flight Experiment ROTEX-T.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2208. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2208
• Gui, Yifei, Jiaxin Xu, and Juhui Ren. 2023. “Dynamic Buckling Analysis of the Cylindrical Shell with Radial Stiffness and Damping Constraints under Axially Impact.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2455 (1): 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2455/1/012001
• Guidotti, J. G. 1976. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Sounding-Rocket Program. NASA-TM-X-71162. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760022257
• Guirguis, R. H. 2006. “An Ignition Model for Liquid-Solid Powder Hypergolic Reactions.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 845. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2263374
• Gulyaeva, T. L. 2025. “Global Electron Content and Neutral Density of the Thermosphere at Launches in 2019–2023.” Космические исследования / Cosmic Research 63 (4): 349. https://doi.org/10.7868/s3034550225040018
• Gulyaeva, T. L., and R. Yu. Lukianova. 2025. “Global Electron Content and Neutral Density of the Thermosphere during Starlink Satellite Launches in 2019–2023.” Cosmic Research 63 (4): 328–41. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0010952524601221
• Gummadidala, Nitin Kumar, Gunda Shiva Krishna, and B. D. Y. Sunil. 2025. “Design and Structural Analysis of Rocket Convergent – Divergent Nozzle.” International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6 (9): 2048–58. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0925.3327
• Gundersen, Martin A. 2001. Plasma-Enhanced Combustion for Reduction of Rocket Plume Soot. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada397824
• Gunter, E. J., and R. D. Flack. 1981. Experimental Measurements of the Space Shuttle Main Engine Fuel and Oxygen Turbopump Vibration Characteristics. Virginia Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820058263
• Guo, Quanfeng, Yang Liu, Shilei Mao, et al. 2020. “Outgassing Test of Contamination Sensitive Unit for Space Optical Instruments.” In AOPC 2020: Telescopes, Space Optics, and Instrumentation, edited by Ziyang Zhang, Suijian Xue. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577010
• Gurevich, Aleksander V. 2010. Nonlinear Structuring and High-Energy Electrons: Role in Ionosphere and in Thunderstorm Atmosphere Processes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada535278
• Gurkin, L. W. 1982. Development and Flight Tests of a New Middle Atmosphere Electric Field Payload. AIAA PAPER 82-1715. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064497
• Gurkin, L. W. 1992. “The NASA Sounding Rocket Program and Space Sciences.” ASGSB bulletin: publication of the American Society for Gravitational and Space Biology 6 (1). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040121842
• Gurnee, Eli Z. n.d. “The Effects of Atomic Oxygen on the Outgassing Properties of Spacecraft Materials.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2014.179
• Gursky, Herbert. 2003. Science from Sounding Rockets. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471263869.sst027
• Guseinov, Sh. L., S. G. Fedorov, V. A. Kosykh, and V. A. Vaulin. 2023. “Hypergolic Propellants Based on High-Test Hydrogen Peroxide and Organic Compounds.” Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 96 (10): 873–88. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1070427223100014
• Gush, H. P. 1981. “Rocket Measurement of the Cosmic Background Submillimeter Spectrum.” Physical Review Letters 47 (10): 745–48. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.47.745
• Gush, H. P. 1993. “Rocket Measurement of the Submillimeter Cosmic Background Spectrum.” In 18th International Conference on Infrared and Millimeter Waves. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2298435
• Gush, H. P., and H. L. Buijs. 1964. “The near Infrared Spectrum of the Night Airglow Observed from High Altitude.” Canadian Journal of Physics 42 (6): 1037–45. https://doi.org/10.1139/p64-097
• Gush, H. P., M. Halpern, and E. H. Wishnow. 1990. “Rocket Measurement of the Cosmic-Background-Radiation Mm-Wave Spectrum.” Physical Review Letters 65 (5): 537–40. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.65.537
• Guzik, Monica C., David W. Plachta, and Justin P. Elchert. 2011. “Modeling a Transient Pressurization with Active Cooling Sizing Tool.” In NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110016178
• Haas, W. R., and S. Prince. 1984. Atmospheric Dispersion of Hypergolic Liquid Rocket Fuels. Volume 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada149597
• Haber, Jerold M. 1995. “Risk Acceptability: Space and Missile Launch Hazards.” In Risk and Safety Assessments: Building Viable Solutions. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1995-0445
• Haber, Jerry. 2013. “Meteorology and Range Safety.” In Safety Design for Space Operations. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-096921-3.15001-9
• Haberl, David, Kenneth Tagscherer, Francesco Longhetti, and Olga Rybalt. 2024. Design, Evaluation and Testing of an Ethanol/LOX Sounding Rocket Propelled by a Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Engine within the Student Initiative WARR. https://doi.org/10.52202/078379-0035
• Habib, Tamer Mekky. 2023a. “Magnetometer-Only Kalman Filter Based Algorithms for High Accuracy Spacecraft Attitude Estimation (a Comparative Analysis).” International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 3 (3): 433–48. https://doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v3i3.988
• Habiballah, M., I. Dubois, P. Gicquel, and R. Foucaud. 1992a. “Experimental Study of Combustion Processes Involved in Hypergolic Propellant Coaxial Injector Operation.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3388
• Habiballah, M., I. Dubois, L. Vingert, D. Lourme, and D. Scherrer. 1992b. “High Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines: A Review of Studies Carried out at ONERA for the Ariane Launcher.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-774. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-774
• Hablanai, Hari. 1987. “Design of a Spacecraft Pointing Control System for Tracking Moving Objects.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1987-2597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2597
• Habu, Hiroto, Masa-yuki Yamamoto, Shigeto Watanabe, and Miguel Folkmar Larsen. 2013. “Rocket-Borne Lithium Ejection System for Neutral Wind Measurement.” In TERRAPUB eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5047/aisi.009
• Hackett, R. M., and R. S. Juruf. 1976. “Three-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis of Acoustic Instability of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770003431
• Haddock, F. T. 1961. Radio Astronomy Experiments from Satellites and Rockets.. Michigan Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620000622
• Haessig, D. 1995. “Modern Control Solution to a Precision Pointing System Stability Problem.” In Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC’95, vol. 1. American Autom Control Council. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1995.529401
• Hafkemeyer, H. P. 1985. “Analyzer for Outgassing Effects of Spacecraft Surfaces.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/851365
• Hafkemeyer, H. P. 2003. “COMPTAS — A Propellant Tank Simulation Engineering S/W Based on EcosimPro.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2003-01-2606
• Hagelbarger, D. W., Leslie T. Loh, H. W. Neill, M. H. Nichols, and E. A. Wenzel. 1951. “Does Diffusive Separation Exist in the Atmosphere below 55 Kilometers?” Physical Review 82 (1): 107–8. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.82.107
• Hager, R. W. 1956. “Shock Testing with the Rocket-Powered Pendulum.” In Symposium on Impact Testing. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp47585s
• Hagfors, T. 1960. Density Fluctuations in a Plasma in a Magnetic Field, with Applications to the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0248447
• Hagis, W. 1963. SNAP PROGRAMS-UPPER ATMOSPHERE EXPERIMENTAL RE-ENTRY STUDY. Final Summary Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4702266
• Hahn, J. 1964. “Regression Rate of Char Front in Ablative- Cooled Rocket Motor Underpulse Operation.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-262. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-262
• Haidinger, F., J. Goergen, and D. Haeseler. 1998. “Numerical Prediction of Flow Separation for Advanced Nozzle Concepts.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3368. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3368
• Haisch, B. M., T. E. Whittemore, E. G. Joki, W. J. Brookover, and G. J. Rottman. 1988. “A Multilayer X-Ray Mirror for Solar Photometric Imaging Flown on a Sounding Rocket.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890052910
• Haldeman, Charles W. 1980. Wind Tunnel Tests of a Gerdien Capacitor Vehicle Combination. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada091719
• Hale, L. C. 1970. “Direct Rocket Measurements of the Ionosphere during the Solar Eclipse of November 12,1966.” In Solar Eclipses and the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1839-2_6
• Halferty, Grace, Dmitry Vorobiev, Brian Fleming, Dana Chafetz, and Jack Williams. 2023. “Design of the Spectroscopic Ultraviolet Multi-Object Observatory (SUMO) Prototype for Deployment on the INFUSE Sounding Rocket.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2676544
• Hall, David F. 1980. “Flight Experiment to Measure Contamination Enhancement by Spacecraft Charging.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0216, edited by Mark A. Kahan. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.958455
• Hall, David. 1987. “Spacecraft Contamination Flight Measurement Program.” In 22nd Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1987-1624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1624
• Hall, Leslie, Michael Applebaum, and William Eppard. 2011. “Debris Transport Modeling Techniques on Launch Vehicle Systems.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-1112. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1112
• Hall, D., T. Stewart, and R. Hayes. 1985. “Photo-Enhanced Spacecraft Contamination Deposition.” In 20th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1985-953. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-953
• Hall, D., and J. Wakimoto. 1984. “Further Flight Evidence of Spacecraft Surface Contamination Rate Enhancement by Spacecraft Charging.” In 19th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1984-1703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1703
• Hallgren, D. S., and C. L. Hemenway. 1971. “Sounding Rocket Samplings of Cosmic Dust.” In COSPAR. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710058954
• Hallit, Ramona. 1996. “The Compatibility of 1100 Aluminum Alloy with Gelled Inhibited Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-12. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-12
• Halsmer, Dominic, J. Damon Bennett, Max DeHaven, and Vidar Ligard. 1999. “Control of a Thrust Alignment Table for Modeling the Coning Dynamics of a Spinning Spacecraft with a Follower Force.” In 1999 Flight Mechanics Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990064191
• Halsmer, D., and D. Mingori. 1992. “The Passive Coning Attenuator (PCA): Internal Mass Motion and Axialthrust Combine to Produce Asymptotic Nutational Stability.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4544. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4544
• Hamed, A., and C. Vogiatzis. 1995. “Assessment of Turbulence Models in Overexpanded 2D-CD Nozzle Flow Simulations.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2615. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2615
• Hamed, A., C. Vogiatzis, A. Hamed, and C. Vogiatzis. 1997. “Three Dimensional Flow Computations and Thrust Predictions in 2DCD Overexpanded Nozzles.” In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-30. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-30
• Hammad, K., and M. Naraghi. 1989. “Radiative Heat Transfer in Rocket Thrust Chambers and Nozzles.” In 24th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1989-1720. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1720
• Hammond, P. R. 1965. Electron Acceptors as Electron Scavengers in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0362715
• Hampton, C., K. Ramesh, and James Smith. 2003. “Importance of Chemical Delay Time in Understanding Hypergolic Ignition Behaviors.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-1359. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1359
• Hampton, C., and J. Smith. 2004. “Atmospheric Effects on the Chemical Delay Time for Hypergolic Bipropellants.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1381. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1381
• Han, Yeoung-Min. 2005. “Combustion Characteristics of Fuel-Rich Gas Generator with Impinging Injector for a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 33 (6): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2005.33.6.064
• Han, Leibao, and Yufeng Han. 2024. “Effect of Surface Ablation on Aerodynamic Heating over a Blunt Cone in Hypersonic Airflow.” Physics of Fluids 36 (3): 036110. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0196415
• Hancock, Thomas J., and J. Stephen Lingard. 2022. “Subsonic Wind Tunnel Investigation into the Effects of Parachute Canopy Material on Inflation Time.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2739. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2739
• Hanford, D. 1969. “Cost Optimization of Mixture Ratio Control Systems for a Low Cost Launch Vehicle.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-441. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-441
• Hanin, M. 1983. “Roll Divergence of a Canard-Controlled Missile with Freely Spinning Tail.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2080
• Hankins, R. 1986. “Development Status of the Transtar Pump-Fed Storable Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1572. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1572
• Hanlon, Peter, and Charles Poole. 1989. “Flight Qualification Testing of a 2600 Lb and a 3400 Lb Capacity, Sounding Rocket Payload Recovery System.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-944
• Hannum, N., H. Kasper, and A. Pavli. 1976. “Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Fatigue Life in Reusable Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-685. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-685
• Hansen, Peter, Raymond Lauzzana, Hajime Sakai, and John Strong. 1977. Theoretical Study of Background Radiance in Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada057249
• Hansen, Peder Bagge, Martin Wienold, and Heinz-Wilhelm Hübers. 2025. “Feasibility of a Space-Borne Terahertz Heterodyne Spectrometer for Atomic Oxygen and Temperature in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 18 (20): 5749–62. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-18-5749-2025
• Hanson, W. B., W. R. Coley, and R. A. Heelis. 1980. Study of Upper Atmosphere Wind Motions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada097733
• Haqq, Hakiki. 2020. “Analysis Ballistic Flight and Design of Control System RKX200TJ/Booster at Rocket Booster and Climb Phases.” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 18 (2): 169. https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2020.v18.a3438
• Harang, Ove. 1966. Alo Resonant Spectrum for Upper Atmosphere Temperature Determination. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0641359
• Harari, Zaki. 2026. “Derivation of a Revised Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation That Predicts Combustion Oscillations.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/7242
• “A Hard-Mounted Ultrahigh-Accuracy Pointing Control System.” 1972. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1972-854. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-854
• Hardesty, Donald R. 1970. Unsteady Combustion in Gaseous Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0726118
• Hargus, William A., Stephen A. Schumaker, and Eric J. Paulson. 2018. “Air Force Research Laboratory Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine Development.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4876. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4876
• Harisrinivasan, Ukeshkumar, Roshan Vignesh Baskaran, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018. “Design of a Pintle Nozzle for the Augmented Thrust Propulsion Using Multiple Internal Expansion Waves.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4483. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4483
• Harri, J. 1964. The Aerodynamic Heating of a Vehicle Traveling at Supersonic Velocities through a Compressible Fluid. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4597699
• Harrington, Walter J., and Roberts C. Bullock. 1962. Study of the Gun-Boosted Rocket System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0294752
• Harris, Charles. 1963. Development of Nondestructive Testing Techniques for Large Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0402393
• Harris, Jim. 2003. “Ultralight Propellant Tank for NASA Space Technology 5.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4608
• Harris, Walter, John Clarke, Jack Caldwell, et al. 1992. “A High Resolution UV Spectrograph for Sounding Rocket Measurement of Planetary Emission Line Profiles.” In In: Instrumentation for planetary and terrestrial atmospheric remote sensing; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-27076 09-35). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930043104
• Harrison, A. W. 1970. “Altitude Profile of Airglow Hydroxyl Emission.” Canadian Journal of Physics 48 (19): 2231–34. https://doi.org/10.1139/p70-281
• Harrison, R. 1973. The 20 Kilovolt Rocket Borne Electron Accelerator. NASA-CR-134168. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740005837
• Harrison, E., and G. Gibson. 1980. “Orbital Analysis for the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite Missions.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-236
• Harrje, David T. 1959. Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0212816
• Harrje, David T., and William A. Sirignano. 1966. Nonlinear Aspects of Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors Sixth Yearly Progress Report, 1 Jun. 1965: 31 May 1966. NASA-CR-77672. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660026500
• Harry, David. 1992. “Optimization in Solid Rocket Booster Application.” In 4th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. AIAA 1992-4688. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4688
• Hart, Christin. 2009. “Satellite Attitude Determination Using Magnetometer Data Only.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-220. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-220
• Hartwig, Jason William. 2016. “Optimal Propellant Management Device for a Small-Scale Liquid Hydrogen Propellant Tank.” In Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803989-2.00014-0
• Hartwig, Jason W., Enrique Rame, and John McQuillen. 2016. “Pulse Chilldown Tests of a Tank-to-Tank Liquid Hydrogen Propellant Transfer Line.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-2186. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2186
• Harvazinski, Matthew E. 2021. “Bulk Mode Investigations of a Liquid Rocket Injector.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1248
• Harvazinski, Matthew E., and Tomas Houba. 2022. “Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of the Wall Heat Flux in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0069. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0069
• Harvazinski, Matthew E., and Tomas Houba. 2023. “Conjugate Heat Transfer Analysis of the Wall Heat Flux in a Liquid Rocket Engine Using Wall Models.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0134
• Harwell, Kenneth E., and W. Michael Farmer. 1978. Particle Size Measurements in Solid Propellant Rocket Exhaust Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073556
• Harwell, W., J. Quadrini, A. Sherman, and R. McIntosh. 1975. “Cryogenic Heat Pipe Experiment: Flight Performance Onboard a Sounding Rocket.” In 10th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1975-729. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-729
• Harwit, M., and J. R. Houck. 1970. “Rocket Observations of Far Infrared Radiation Which May Emanate from the Upper Atmosphere.” In COSPAR. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710033329
• Harwit, Martin O., James R. Houck, Barrie W. Jones, Judith L. Pipher, and Baruch T. Soifer. 1970. High Altitude Infrared Rocket Astronomy. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0724131
• Harwit, Martin O., James R. Houck, Barrie W. Jones, Judith L. Pipher, and Baruch T. Soifer. 1971. Infrared Rocket Astronomy. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0729456
• Hashimoto, Yoshio, and Toshikatsu Saitoh. 2003. “Finite Element Dynamic Response Analysis of Rocket-Launcher System at Lift-off.” TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 69 (687): 3029–33. https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.69.3029
• Hasinger, G. 2008. “Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In Astronomy and Astrophysics Library. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-34412-4_25
• Haslett, R., G. R. Pinter, and P. Sanicola. 1966. “Cryogenic Helium Pressurization System for the Descent Stage of the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM).” In Pure and Applied Cryogenics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-012409-4.50038-3
• Hatalsky, W., P. Sollow, and J. Taylor. 1967. “The Effect of Fin Design on the Induced Rolling Moment Characteristics of Sounding Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1313. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1313
• Hauer, Stanley, George Tabata, and Robert Waters. 1963. “Launch Vehicle Cost Analysis and System Evaluation.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1410. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1410
• Haugen, Steinar. 1998. “Non-Eroding Nozzle Throat Material for Rocket Motors with AP-Based Propellant.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3972. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3972
• Hauptman, M. 1965. “Feasibility of an Electromagnetic Technique for Independent Rocket Exhaust Velocity Measurement.” In Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1965-601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-601
• Hautala, K. T., and H. Schmidt. 1999. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Made of Austenitic Stainless Steel at Ambient and Elevated Temperatures.” In Light-Weight Steel and Aluminium Structures. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043014-0/50130-x
• Hawkins, Willard R. 1963. “Space Flight Dynamics—Weightlessness.” In Physiology of Man in Space. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-0080-4.50011-x
• Hawks, R. J. 1965. A Theoretical Investigation of the Rolling Motion of the Nike Cajun and Nike Apache Rocket Vehicles. NASA-TM-X-55282. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650022971
• Hayakawa, Satio, Koji Ito, Toshio Matsumoto, et al. 1980. “Rocket Observation of near Infrared Airglow.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 32 (11): 691–707. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.32.691
• Hayakawa, Satio, Koji Ito, Toshio Matsumoto, and Tetsuo Nishimura. 1973. “Rocket Observation of Twilight Airglow in the near Infrared Region.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 25 (3): 281–96. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.25.281
• Hayakawa, S., T. Kato, F. Makino, et al. 1970. “A Rocket Observation of Cosmic X-Rays in the Energy Range between 0.15 and 20 keV.” In Non-Solar X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3311-4_17
• Hayes, Jerry. 1967. “Application of the Root Locus Technique to the Stability Analysis of Spinning Vehicles.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1317. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1317
• Hays, Michael J., Jennifer R. Robinson, Andrew J. Herron, and Andrew M. Smith. 2024. “Evaluating Liftoff Debris for NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) Prior to the Artemis I Launch.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1143
• Hazell, J., P. Cope, and I. Walker. 1967. “The Development and Operation of the Stabilised Skylark Rocket.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1347. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1347
• Hearn, Henry. 2002. “Investigations into Tank Venting for Propellant Resupply.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3982. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3982
• “Heat Transfer Measurements and Correlation for the Fin-Slot Region of a Solid Rocket Motor.” 1994. In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3291. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3291
• “Heat Transfer Stability Analysis of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0359.0373
• “Heating of the Upper Atmosphere.” 2014. In Magnetohydrodynamics of the Sun. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139020732.011
• Heatwole, Scott E. 2024. Current Usage of Sounding Rockets to Study the Upper Atmosphere. Wallops Flight Facility. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240008720
• Heavey, Karen R., James F. Newill, and Jubaraj Sahu. 2001. A Multidisciplinary Approach to Aerodynamic Loading of a 2.75-in Rocket with Fins. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada396965
• Heavy, Karen R., Jubaraj Sahu, and Stephen A. Wilkerson. 2002. A Multidisciplinary Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and Structural Dynamics (SD) Analysis of a 2.75-in Rocket Launcher. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada402247
• Hecht, J. H., and Lynette J. Gelinas. 2023. Some Outstanding Questions on Atmospheric Gravity Wave Phenomena in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.97c43413
• Hedayat, A., K. C. Knight, and R. H. Champion Jr. 1998b. Transient Analysis of X-34 Pressurization System. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990009082
• Hedayat, A., T. E. Steadman, T. M. Brown, K. C. Knight, C. E. White Jr., and R. H. Champion Jr. 1998a. Pressurization, Pneumatic, and Vent Subsystems of the X-34 Main Propulsion System. AIAA Paper 98-3519. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980236000
• Hedin, A. E. 1991. “Extension of the MSIS Thermosphere Model into the Middle and Lower Atmosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 96. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910040911
• Hedin, A. E., and Alfred O. Nier. 1965. “Diffusive Separation in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 70 (5): 1273–74. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz070i005p01273
• Hedin, A. E., and A. O. Nier. 1966. A Determination of the Neutral Composition, Number Density, and Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere from 120 to 200 Kilometers with Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometers. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660061263
• Heelis, R. A. 1988. Electrodynamics of the High Latitude Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada206819
• Heelis, R. A. 1990. Electrodynamics of the High Latitude Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada223229
• Heelis, R. A. 2001. Sensor Development for in-Situ Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada421082
• Heelis, R. A. 2002. Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada417309
• Heelis, R. A. 2003. Sensor Development Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada423268
• Heidmann, M. F. 1957. Propellant Vaporization as a Criterion for Rocket-Engine Design: Experimental Effect of Fuel Temperature on Liquid-Oxygen: Heptane Performance. NACA-RM-E57E03. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930089938
• Heidmann, M. F., and C. M. Auble. 1955. Injection Principles from Combustion Studies in a 200-Pound-Thrust Rocket Engine Using Liquid Oxygen and Heptane. L-3572. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Lewis Flight Propulsion Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019330
• Heilmann, Ralf K., Alexander Bruccoleri, Alan Garner, et al. 2025. “Characterization of Soft x-Ray Critical-Angle Transmission Gratings for the REDSoX Polarimetry Sounding Rocket.” In Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XII, edited by Jessica A. Gaskin, Daniele Spiga. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3064417
• Heinrich, H. G. 1972. “A Linearised Theory of Parachute Opening Dynamics.” Aeronautical Journal 76 (744): 723–31. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000044481
• Heinrich, H. G., J. G. Ballinger, and P. E. Ryan. 1959. Pressure Distribution in Transonic Flow of Ribbon and Guide Surface Parachute Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0210257
• Heinrich, Helmut G., and Thomas R. Hektner. 1970. Opening Dynamics of a T-10 Parachute with Inflation Aids. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0869329
• Heinrich, H. G., and L. Jamison Jr. 1964. “Parachute Stress Analysis during Inflation and at Steady State.” In Entry Technology Conference. AIAA 1964-1306. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1306
• Heinrich, H., and R. Noreen. 1968. “Analysis of Parachute Opening Dynamics with Supporting Wind Tunnel Experiments.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1968-924. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-924
• Heinrich, Helmut G., Robert A. Noreen, and David P. Saari. 1974. A Parachute Opening Shock Theory Based on Non-Linear Time Histories of Inflow Velocity and Projected Area. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada005271
• Heinrich, H. G., T. Riabokin, S. K. Ibrahim, E. L. Haak, and R. J. Niccum. 1961. Theoretical Parachute Investigations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0603723
• Heinrich, Helmut G., and Lawrence W. Rust Jr. 1965a. Dynamic Stability of a Parachute Point-Mass Load System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0468360
• Heinrich, H. G., and L. W. Rust Jr. 1965b. Dynamic Stability of a System Consisting of a Stable Parachute and an Unstable Load. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0468399
• Heinrich, H., and D. Saari. 1975a. “Exploratory Parachute Canopy Stress Measurements during Inflation and at Steady State.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1374. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1374
• Heinrich, H., and D. Saari. 1975b. “Parachute Opening Shock Calculations with Experimentally Establishedvelocity and Area Functions.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1382. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1382
• Heister, Stephen. 2008. Modeling Liquid Rocket Engine Atomization and Swirl/Coaxial Injectors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada494724
• Heister, S., and N. Messersmith. 1995. “Launch Competition for Rocket Propulsion Education.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-3056. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3056
• Helfand, Bernard. 1953. Preliminary Wind Studies for Loki. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0010030
• Hellman, Barry. 2006. “Hybrid Launch Vehicle Staging Optimization for Minimum Cost.” In Space 2006. AIAA 2006-7259. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7259
• Helmy, A. 1994. “Chronicle Review of the Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2881. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2881
• Hemenway, C. L., and R. K. Soberman. 1965. Meteoric Dust in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650053552
• Hemenway, C. L., R. K. Soberman, and G. Witt. 1963. Particle Sampling from Noctilucent Clouds. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630025387
• Hemsch, M. 1985. “Nonlinear Applications of Slender-Body Theory to Missile Aerodynamics.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1775. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1775
• Hemsch, M., and J. Nielsen. 1983. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Missile Control Fins in Nonlinear Flow Fields.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2083. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2083
• Hendershot, K. 1970. “Ground Test Technique for Investigating Rocket Plume Effects under High Altitude Conditions.” In Test Effectiveness in the 70’s Conference. AIAA 1970-399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-399
• Hendry, R., and A. Yau. 1982. “Waterhole: An Auroral Modification Experiment.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1717. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1717
• Hennes, J. P. 1965. A Measurement of the Ultraviolet Nightglow Spectrum. NASA-TM-X-56822. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660017737
• Hennings, Elsa. 2005. “Design of a Payload Recovery/Trajectory Control System.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1677. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1677
• Henry, Michael, Sanjay Patel, and Eric Campagna. 2017. “2,000 Pound High Altitude Low Opening Ballistic Parachute System Development.” In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2017-3535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3535
• Henry, Robert M., and Roderick S. Quiroz. 1970. “Preliminary Results from a Meteorological Rocket Experiment.” Nature 226 (5251): 1108–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/2261108a0
• Herbert, P. 1967. “Determination of the Attitude of the Skylark Rocket in Free Space.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1318
• Herbertz, Armin, Jens Kauffmann, and Martin Sippel. 2001. “Systems Analysis of a Future Semi-Reusable Launcher, Based on a High Thrust Bleed Cycle Rocket Engine.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3688. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3688
• Herbertz, Armin, Markus Ortelt, Ilja Müller, and Hermann Hald. 2012. “Transpiration Cooled Ceramic Thrust Chamber Applicability for High-Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3990. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3990
• Herdiana, Dana, Rasyadi S. Arifin, and Agung N. Yudha. 2023. “Parachute Design for Payload on LSU02 VTOL Aircraft.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2592. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0115922
• Herdy, Roger, Matt Thomas, Gerald Crocker, Kirk Christensen, and Richard Cohn. 2009. “A Low Cost, Portable, Responsive Nano-Satellite Launch System.” In AIAA SPACE 2009 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2009-6459. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6459
• Herman, J. R. 1963. Theoretical Determination of the Impedance Characteristics of a Capacitive Ionosphere Rocket Probe. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403135
• Hermance, Clarke E. 1961. Comparison of Solid Propellant Burning Rates in Strands and Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0261589
• Hermina, W. 1986. “Monte Carlo Simulation of High Altitude Rocket Plumes with Nonequilibrium Molecular Energy Exchange.” In 4th Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. AIAA 1986-1318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1318
• Hermsen, R. 1981. “Aluminum Combustion Efficiency in Solid Rocket Motors.” In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-38. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-38
• Hernandez, Linda, Raul Palacios, Debra Ortega, et al. 2019. “The Effect of Surface Roughness on LCH4 Boiling Heat Transfer Performance of Conventionally and Additively Manufactured Rocket Engine Regenerative Cooling Channels.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4363
• Heroux, Leon. 1976. “Applications of Beam-Foil Spectroscopy to the Solar Ultraviolet Emission Spectrum.” In Topics in Current Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81052-7_8
• Herr, P. N., and L. Choenman. 1973. “Demonstration of a Pulsing Liquid Hydrogen/liquid Oxygen Thruster.” In Propulsion Joint Specialist Conf.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730023888
• Herrington, L. 1964. “Correlation of Motor and Strand Burning Rate.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-150. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-150
• Hertzelle, Wendell, and Michael Waite. 1996. “Design of a Small H2O2/HTPB Hybrid Sounding Rocket Motor.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-8. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-8
• Herud, F., and L. Carey. 1987. “Growth Agena Rocket Engines for Upper Stage Launch Vehicles.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1935. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1935
• Hess, W. N. 1969. Generation of an Artificial Aurora. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690056376
• Hessler, R. O. 1980. “Prediction of Finite Pressure Oscillations in Stable Rocket Motors.” In NASA. Langley Research Center The 17th JANNAF Combust. Meeting, Vol. 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810007752
• Hessman, F. 1979. “Induced Roll Technology for Missile Configurations with Forward Surfaces.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-223. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-223
• Hesstvedt, Eigil. 1965. “On the Spatial Distribution of Some Hydrogen Components in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Tellus 17 (3): 341–49. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1965.tb01426.x
• Hesstvedt, Eigil. 2012. “On the Spatial Distribution of Some Hydrogen Components in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 17 (3): 341. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v17i3.9072
• Heuston, M. C., J. G. Fish, and E. C. Bradley. 1967. “Accuracy of Launch Vehicle Cost Analysis.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/670393
• Heyborne, C. 1993. “Solid Propulsion Integrity Program Development of Solid Rocket Motornozzle Design and Analysis Capabilities.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2014
• Hibbs, Richard G., Andre C. LeClair, and Alok K. Majumdar. n.d.-a. Cryogenic Propellant Tank Drain Simulation with a Stratified Ullage Nodal Model. Amentum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260004101
• Hibbs, Richard, Andre LeClair, and Alok Majumdar. n.d.-b. “Validation of a Stratified Ullage Nodal Model Simulating Cryogenic Tank Pressurization.” In 31st Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250004067
• Hiers, Robert S. 2018. “The Fallacy of Altitude-Dependent Rocket Thrust for Thrust/Drag Accounting.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4863. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4863
• Hiers, Robert S., and Robert Knapke. 2019. “The Optimum Rocket Nozzle Expansion Ratio: An Air – to – Air Missile Demonstration.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4382. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4382
• Hiers, Robert, H. MacKinnon, R. Whitney, and N. Nugent. 2003. “Validation of Stream Thrust Probes for Rocket Engine Thrust Measurement.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5183
• Higgins, W. T., L. A. Jacobson, and J. B. Rankin. 1964. Project West Ford Payload Telemetry System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0602928
• Higgins, M., and R. Speelman III. 1973. “A Stability Analysis of Tandem Parachute Mid-Air Recovery Systems.” In 4th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1973-461. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-461
• Higginson, Aleida. 2016. “Patches of Low Electron Density Help to Heat the Ionosphere.” Eos 97. https://doi.org/10.1029/2016eo054593
• “High Altitude and Satellite Rocket: Symposium 18th-20th July 1957.” 1957. Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 61 (564): 835–835. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0368393100134844
• “High Frequency Pressure Instrumentation for Rocket Instability Studies.” 1960. In Liquid Rockets And Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864759.0189.0200
• “The High-Latitude D Region.” 2002. In The High-Latitude Ionosphere and its Effects on Radio Propagation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511535758.009
• “The High-Latitude F Region and the Trough.” 2002. In The High-Latitude Ionosphere and its Effects on Radio Propagation. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511535758.007
• “High-Pressure Arc Test Performance of Carbon-Carbon Nose Tips.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0351.0367
• “High-Speed Flow Effects in Hybrid Rockets.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0277.0322
• Hill, Daniel Eugene. n.d. “Dynamics and Control of Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft with Sloshing Fluid Stores.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-8688
• Hill, R., and M. Coody. 1983. “Vibration and Acoustic Environments for Payload/cargo Integration.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-329. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-329
• Hills, Robert S. 1985. Design Sounding Rocket Payload System to Study Vehicle Charging Phenomena. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada162149
• Hilton, D. A. 1977. “Near Noise-Field Characteristics of Nike Rocket Motors for Application to Space-Vehicle Payload Environmental Testing.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 61 (S1): S44-S44. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2015685
• Hilton, Paul F. 1981. Reduction and Analysis of Rocket-Borne and Balloon-Borne Sensor Data. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada104037
• Himeno, Takehiro, Toshinori Watanabe, and Akira Konno. 1999. “Numerical Analysis of Two-Phase Flow Behavior in a Liquid Propellant Tank.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2177. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2177
• Himeno, T., T. Watanabe, and A. Konno. 2001. “Numerical Analysis for Propellant Management in Liquid Rocket Tank.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3822
• Himmell, L. C., and J. G. Trulio. 1974. Numerical Solution of the Navier-Stokes Equations for Rocket Plumes at 120 Km Altitude. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0784332
• Hines, Colin O. 1991. “The Saturation of Gravity Waves in the Middle Atmosphere. Part III: Formation of the Turbopause and of Turbulent Layers beneath It.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 48 (11): 1380–86. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1380:tsogwi>2.0.co;2
• Hinteregger, H. E. 1965a. “Absolute Intensity Measurements in the Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum of Solar Radiation.” Space Science Reviews 4 (4). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00177091
• Hinteregger, H. E. 1965b. “Rocket Spectra of the Chromosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3587-3_10
• Hirano, Yoichi. 2011. “Buckling Modes and Developable Postbuckling Modes of Axially Compressed Short Circular Cylindrical Shells.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 54 (183): 25–29. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.54.25
• Hirata, Naoki, Koichi Yonemoto, and Takahiro Fujikawa. 2018. “System Optimization of Suborbital Winged Rocket Using Evolutionary Algorithm Combined with Gradient-Based Method.” Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2018.71 (0): J33. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2018.71.j33
• Hirayama, Haruna, Masataka Irie, Ryosuke Higo, Atsushi Tanabe, and Hiroshi Katanoda. 2023. “Verification of Small Hybrid Rocket Recovery System by Parachute.” Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2023.76 (0): B22. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2023.76.b22
• Hirayama, Yuya, and Shinichiro Ogawa. 2025. “Development of Multi-Measurement Technology for Micro-Rocket Torch Flame.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0793
• Hisler, A. 1964. Sounding Rocket Reliability Reassessment. NASA-TN-D-2222. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650001400
• Hisler, A. 1965. The ‘‘Delta p’’ Approach from Nike Combustion Instability. NASA-TM-X-56943. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660026016
• Hisler, A. 1966. A Nike Failure Study. NASA-TM-X-55549. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660024212
• “History of Rockets & Space Flight.” 2022. In Introduction to Aerospace Flight Vehicles. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. https://doi.org/10.15394/eaglepub.2022.1066.n3a
• Hitt, Matthew A. 2018. “Preliminary Additively Manufactured Axial-Injection, End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Regression Rate Study.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4598. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4598
• Hitt, Matthew A. 2019. “Porosity and Temperature Effects on Axial-Injection, End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Regression.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3835. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3835
• Hitt, Matthew A. 2021. “Axial-Injection, End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Sensitivity Study.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3498. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3498
• Hitt, Matthew A., Joseph F. Agnew, and Robert A. Frederick. 2020. “Porosity Effects on Axial-Injection, End-Burning Hybrid Rocket Motor Regression.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3756. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3756
• Hitt, Matthew A., and Robert A. Frederick. 2017. “Survey of Previous and Recent Enhancements of Hybrid Rocket Motor Regression Rates.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4969. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4969
• Ho, Franklin D., John C. Lomax, and Mark Mueller. 2025. “Optimizing Parachute Payload Delivery through Wind Gust Analysis.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2348. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2348
• Ho, Son H., and Muhammad M. Rahman. 2006. “Zero Boil-Off Cryogenic Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank with Axial Cold-Spray System.” In Advanced Energy Systems. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-15341
• Hochstein, J. I., H.-C. Ji, and J. C. Aydelott. 1986. Effect of Subcooling on the on-Orbit Pressurization Rate of Cryogenic Propellant Tankage. AIAA PAPER 86-1253. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860055139
• Hodge, B., and Robert Taylor. 1991. “Application of the Discrete-Element Surface Roughness Model to Rocket Nozzle Heat Transfer Computation.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2435. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2435
• Hoertel, F. W. 1961. Vapor Deposition of Tungsten on Rocket Nozzle Inserts. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0259441
• Hoff, N. J. 1965. “Low Buckling Stresses of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells of Finite Length.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 32 (3): 533–41. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3627255
• Hoff, R. 1967. Time Response Test of Thrust Chamber Thermocouples in Simulated Rocket Firing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4228957
• Hoff, N. J. 1975. “The Effect of Geometric Nonlinearities on the Creep Buckling Time of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 42 (1): 225–26. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423525
• Hoff, N. J., and L. W. Rehfield. 1965. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells at Stresses Smaller than the Classical Critical Value.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 32 (3): 542–46. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3627256
• Hoffman, William. 1987. “Development Status of the Transtar Pump-Fed Storable Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1937. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1937
• Hogan, J. S., and C. Prabhakara. 1967. Vertical Motions in the Upper Atmosphere Deduced from Rocket Measured Temperatures. NASA-TM-X-60767. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680003810
• Hohn, Oliver M., and Ali Guelhan. 2015. “Impact of Retro Rocket Plumes on Upper Stage Aerodynamics during Stage Separation.” In 20th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2015-3679. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3679
• Hoidale, Marjorie M. 1963a. Meteorological Data Report Aerobee Ne 3.129. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0429020
• Hoidale, M. M. 1963b. Meteorological Data Report, Aerobee Ne 3.127. NASA-CR-52377. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640000704
• Hoidale, M. M. 1964. Aerobee Nasa 4.82 Gg, 11 August 1964 Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-59269. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640023779
• Hoidale, M. M. 1965a. Aerobee Nasa 127 Ua /S/n Af 142/ (15 April 1965) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-62875. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650014757
• Hoidale, M. M. 1965b. Aerobee Nasa 4.49 Gs /S/n Nasa 128-3/ (12 April 1965). NASA-CR-62874. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650014756
• Hoidale, M. M. 1965c. Aerobee Nasa 4.56 Gg /S/n Nasa 133/. NASA-CR-57825. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650011706
• Hoidale, M. M. 1965d. Aerobee Nasa 4.57 Gg /S/n Nasa 143/ Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-57831. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650011703
• Hoidale, M. M. 1965e. Aerobee Nasa 4.63 Gs /S/n Nasa 133/ (17 March 1965) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-57804. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650011710
• Hoidale, M. M. 1966a. Aerobee NASA 4.144 DG (NRL NB 3.165) (18 July 1966) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-77332. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025511
• Hoidale, M. M. 1966b. Aerobee NASA 4.159 GG (15 July 1966) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-77331. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660025512
• Hoidale, M. M. 1966c. Aerobee NASA 4.165 AU (21 April 1966) Meteorological Data Report. NASA-CR-76054. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020915
• Hoidale, M. M. 1966d. Meteorological Data Report, Aerobee NASA 4.106 NP (9 May 1966). NASA-CR-76571. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660024101
• Holcomb, J. 1989. “Three-Dimensional Navier-Stokes Rocket Plume Calculations.” In 9th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1989-1986. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1986
• Holguin, Mike, and Mike Labbee. 1988. “Launch Vehicle to Payload Interface Standardization: The Quest for a Low Cost Launch System.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-165. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-165
• Holifield, Laura, and Matthew W. Tufts. 2024. “Uncertainty Quantification of Hypersonic Aerodynamic Heating.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0672. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0672
• Hollingshead, Joshua, Makayla L. Ianuzzi, Jeffrey D. Moore, and Grant A. Risha. 2021. “Laboratory Synthesis and Ignition Delay Droplet Testing of White Fuming Nitric Acid.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3356. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3356
• Holster, J. 1973. “Liquid Rocket Propellant Feedline Dynamics.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1286. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1286
• Holt, S. S. 1974. Processings of the Workshop on Electron Contamination in X-Ray Astronomy Experiments. NASA-TM-X-70673. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020133
• Holt, S. S., E. A. Boldt, R. E. Rothschild, and P. J. Serlemitsos. 1974. A New Measurement of the Her X-1 X-Ray Pulse Profile. NASA-TM-X-70578. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750004791
• Holt, Kimberly, Alok Majumdar, Todd Steadman, Ali Hedayat, and Frank R. Fogle. 2000. Numerical Modeling and Test Data Comparison of Propulsion Test Article Helium Pressurization System. AIAA Paper 2000-3719. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000090555
• Holtz, J. R. 1976. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sounding Rocket Program. NASA Headquarters. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052304
• Holubek, А. V. 2020. “Studying the Motion of a Launch Vehicle and Observed Space Debris Objects during Launch Preparation.” Kosmičeskaâ tehnika. Raketnoe vooruženie 2020 (1): 76–84. https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2020.01.076
• Holzworth, Robert H. 2012. Lightning in the Ionosphere with C/NOFS. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada575703
• Homidzoda, Shahobuddin, and Bakhtier Eshov. 2026. “Numerical Modeling of the Influence of Aerodynamic Heating on the Thermomechanical Behavior of C/c+sic Composite in the Nose Cone of a Spacecraft.” “Polytechnic Bulletin” Series “Intellect Innovations Investments”. https://doi.org/10.65599/iii6340
• Homma, Yasuyuki. 1965. “On the Elatic Shell Buckling of Circular Cylindrical Shell under the Transient Pressure.” Journal of Zosen Kiokai 1965 (118): 241–48. https://doi.org/10.2534/jjasnaoe1952.1965.118_241
• Honn, Francis J., Robert E. Martin, and David R. Wolf. 1956. Development of an Organic Lacquer Resistant to Fuming Nitric Acid. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0091774
• Hoover, Richard B. 1992. Multilayer and Grazing Incidence X-ray/EUV Optics; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-24, 1991. SPIE-1546. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930055661
• Hoover, T. B., and A. W. Hutchison. 1957. “Estimation of Water in Fuming Nitric Acid.” Analytical Chemistry 29 (4): 518–22. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50162a027
• Hoover, R. B., D. Shealy, and S.-H. Chao. 1986. “Spectral Slicing X-Ray Telescope.” Optical Engineering 25. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860061641
• Hoover, Richard B., Arthur B. C. Walker Jr., Craig E. Deforest, Richard Watts, and Charles Tarrio. 1993. “Ultrahigh Resolution Photographic Films for X-ray/EUV/FUV Astronomy.” In In: Multilayer and grazing incidence X-ray(EUV optics for astronomy and projection lithography; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 19-22, 1992 (A93-39601 15-74). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930055654
• Hopkins, H., W. Konopka, J. Leng, and R. Oman. 1972. “The Simulation of High Pressure Hydrogen/oxygen Rocket Engines.” In 7th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1972-1027. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1027
• Hopko, Russell N. 1951. A Flight Investigation of the Damping in Roll and Rolling Effectiveness Including Aeroelastic Effects of Rocket Propelled Missile Models Having Cruciform, Triangular, Interdigitated Wings and Tails. NACA-RM-L51D16. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680068649
• Hopko, R. N., and H. K. Strass. 1958. Some Experimental Heating Data on Convex and Concave Hemispherical Nose Shapes and Hemispherical Depressions on a 30 Deg Blunted Nose Cone. NACA-RM-L58A17A. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690093417
• Hopper, F. 1971. “Active Precession Control for Spin Stabilized Space Vehicles.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1971-952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-952
• Horenstein, M., and N. Roberts. 1993. “Comparison of Electrostatic and Aerodynamic Forces during Parachute Opening.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1210
• Horiuchi, F. Y. 1961. “A Parametric Study of the Dynamic Motion of a Spinning and Non-Spinning Re-Entry Vehicle with Non-Linear Aerodynamic Characteristics.” In Re-Entry. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-395690-3.50006-5
• “Horizontal Inhomogeneity in the D-Region Ionosphere during an X-Class Solar Flare Determined by OCTAVE VLF Observations.” 2023. URSI Radio Science Letters 4. https://doi.org/10.46620/22-0050
• Hornstein, B. 1965. Research Study of Light Emission Caused by Pressure Fluctuations in Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0622524
• Horowitz, R. 1966. Direct Measurements of Density in the Thermosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660048325
• Horowitz, D., Y. Kamm, and Alon Gany. 2008. “Optimization of Grain and Structure Design of a Solid Rocket Motor.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 7 (5): 437–51. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v7.i5.60
• Horton, J., II. 1964. “Experimental Evaluation of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors under Acceleration Loads.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-133. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-133
• Horvath, Jack J. 1989. Nitric Acid Oxide Mixing Ratio Measurements Using a Rocket Launched Chemiluminescent Instrument. NASA-CR-182957. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890008588
• Horwill, Chris. n.d. “Development and Testing of a Static Hybrid Rocket.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/345066
• Hosack, G., and R. Stromsta. 1969. “Performance of the Aerobell Extendible Nozzle Rocket Engine.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-4. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-4
• Hosangadi, Ashvin, and Nateri Madavan. 2008. “Simulation of Propellant Explosions Resulting from Crew Launch Vehicle Tank Failure.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-6912. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6912
• Hosokawa, Shunsuke, Akira Iwasaki, Isao Kudo, Mitsumori Tanimoto, and Yoshito Arai. 1989. “In Situ Observation System of Solidification Process Using a Sounding Rocket.” In 24th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1989-1742. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1742
• Hou, Luyao, Danqi Yang, Yaqun Qi, and Ping Jin. 2025. “Effect of Momentum Ratio on Hypergolic Propellant Atomization Characteristics of Liquid/liquid Swirl Coaxial Injectors.” In Fifth International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials (ICMEM 2024), edited by Jinyang Xu, Gupta Manoj. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3059857
• Houba, Tomas, and Matthew E. Harvazinski. 2021. “Initial Investigations of Wall Models for Liquid Rocket Injector Simulations.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1249. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1249
• Houba, Tomas, and Matthew E. Harvazinski. 2022. “Wall Function Evaluation for Liquid Rocket Injector Simulations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0070
• Houlahan, Padraig. 2025. “Rocket Launches.” In Python Experiments in Physics and Astronomy. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003600046-8
• Hoult, D. P. 1969. Acoustic Waves in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0697713
• Hoult, C., and F. Wright. 1969. “Rocket Transportation for Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-159. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-159
• Houser, Thomas. 1972. Rates and Mechanisms of Reactions of Fluorine Containing Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0752564
• Houston, A. D. 1966. Study to Define Agena Vibration and Acoustic Environment. NASA-CR-66196. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660029205
• Houston, J., Douglas Counter, R. Jeremy Kenny, and John Murphy. 2010. “Liftoff Acoustic Environment of the Sounding Rocket ATK Launch Vehicle (ALV-X1): Prediction versus Measurement.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 127 (3_Supplement): 1742–1742. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3383511
• Houston, R. E., Jr., and L. E. Larson. 1969. A Measurement of the Effective Recombination Coefficient in the Lower Ionosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690050971
• Howard, Justin. n.d. “Hyshot Launch Risk Hazard Analysis.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/345537
• Howard, C. 1970. “A Digital Output Roll Stabilized Gyro Platform for Sounding Rocket Attitude Monitoring and Control.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1407. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1407
• Howison, J. F. 1967. Recent Developments in Neutralization of Meteorological Rocket Falling Mass Hazards. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041791
• Hu, Changhuai, Yi Chen, Yun Wu, et al. 2025. “Gliding Arc Plasma Excitation on the Atomization Performance of Pre-Combustion Injector in Multi-Swirl Combustor.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5082172
• Hu, Haifeng, Xinni Gao, YuShan Gao, and Jianwen Yang. 2024. “Shock Wave and Aeroelastic Coupling in Overexpanded Nozzle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202403.1429.v1
• Hu, K., Y. Zhang, X. Cai, Z. Ma, and P. Zhang. 1994. “Study of High Thrust Ratio Approaches for Single-Chamber Dual-Thrust Solid Rocket Motors.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3333
• HU Xiong, ZHANG Xunxie, and ZHANG Dongya. 2005. “Effects of Atmospheric Gravity Waves on the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Circulations.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 25 (2): 111. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2005.02.111
• Huang, C. 1985. “A Practical Approach to the Boundary Layer of the Thrust Chamber of a Rocket Engine.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1389. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1389
• Huang, C. W. 2000. Solar Wind-Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada387921
• Huang, Zhengyu, Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, Armen Derkevorkian, and Lee D. Peterson. 2018. “Simulation of Parachute Inflation Dynamics Using an Eulerian Computational Framework for Fluid-Structure Interfaces Evolving in High-Speed Turbulent Flows.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-1540. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1540
• Huang, Daniel Z., Philip Avery, Charbel Farhat, Jason Rabinovitch, Armen Derkevorkian, and Lee D. Peterson. 2020. “Modeling, Simulation and Validation of Supersonic Parachute Inflation Dynamics during Mars Landing.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0313. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0313
• Huang, Richard, and Clarence Brown Jr. 1967. “Feasibility and Design Study of an Unguided Solar Orbital Launch Vehicle.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1302
• Huang, Minchao, Yuqiang Cheng, Jia Dai, and Jian Li. 2024a. “Analysis of the Response Characteristics of the Tank Pressurization System and a Single Thruster.” In Performance Analysis of a Liquid/Gel Rocket Engine During Operation. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6485-3_3
• Huang, Minchao, Yuqiang Cheng, Jia Dai, and Jian Li. 2024b. “Mathematical Model of the Operation of a Pump-Fed Liquid Rocket Engine.” In Performance Analysis of a Liquid/Gel Rocket Engine During Operation. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6485-3_7
• Huang, Minchao, Yuqiang Cheng, Jia Dai, and Jian Li. 2024c. “Simulation Analysis of the Starting Process of the Pump-Fed Liquid Rocket Engine.” In Performance Analysis of a Liquid/Gel Rocket Engine During Operation. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6485-3_8
• Huang, W., and N. Reddy. 1986. “Magellan Spacecraft: Attitude Determination, Updates and Gyro Parameter Calibration.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2042. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2042
• Huang, Bowen, Jinglei Xu, and Kaikai Yu. 2023. “Maximum Thrust Nozzle Based on Height Constraint.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.0263.v1
• Huang, Yuhui, Jin Zhou, and Zhenguo Wang. 2000. “Numeric Simulation for Combustion Instability of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3297
• Huber, Martin C. E., J. G. Timothy, Jeffrey S. Morgan, Gerard Lemaitre, Giuseppe Tondello, and Giampiero Naletto. 1991. “The Fabrication of Toroidal and Coma-Corrected Toroidal Diffraction Gratings from Spherical Master Gratings Using Elastically-Deformable Substrates: A Progress Report.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920062568
• Hubert, C., and N. Goodzeit. 1983. “The Effects of Propellant Motion on a Spinning Satellite with Vaned Tanks.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1983-2262. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2262
• Hudgins, J. I., and J. R. Lease. 1969. The Tone Range/telemetry Interferometer Tracking System for Support of Sounding Rocket Payloads. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009276
• Hudson, Gary C. 1987. “Low-Cost Commercial Launch Vehicle: Liberty.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/871334
• Hudson, Gary C. 2005. “An Air-Launched Low-Cost Launch Vehicle.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 746. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1867137
• Hudson, Gary, Tom Brosz, David Ross, Clifton Home, and Eric Laursen. 1981. “A Modular Lom Cost Launch Vehicle System: The Percheron Pfoject.” In 4th Space manufacturing; Proceedings of the Fifth Conference. AIAA 1981-3255. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-3255
• Hudson, Gary, and Maxwell Hunter II. 1987. “Liberty: A Low-Cost, Commercial Expendable Launch Vehicle.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1794. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1794
• Huerta, Joseph. 1969. An Experimental Investigation at Supersonic Mach Numbers of Base Drag of Various Boattail Shapes with Simulated Base Rocket Exhaust. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0855156
• Huffman, Robert E. 1961. The Formation of Ions in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0273999
• Hughes, Emma Kate. 2025. “Feasibility of LH2 Magnetic Positive Positioning to Minimize Spacecraft Propellant Tank Heat Leaks.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2288. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2288
• Hulburt, E. O. 1957. “Physics of the Upper Atmosphere.” In Meteorological Research Reviews. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-29-7_1
• Hulka, James. 2008. “Scaling of Performance in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Combustion Devices.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5113. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5113
• Hultqvist, B. 1965. Some Comments on Electrostatic Analysers. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660033362
• Humble, Ronald. 2000. “Bipropellant Engine Development Using Hydrogen Peroxide and a Hypergolic Fuel.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3554
• Humble, Ronald, Rosario Nici, Ronald Humble, and Rosario Nici. 1997. “Rocket Propulsion Education at the United States Air Force Academy.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3276. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3276
• Hummel, S., and E. Tesch. 1979. “Laser Gyros in Precision Spacecraft Attitude Determination Systems.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1716. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1716
• Humphreys, Todd, Mark Psiaki, Eric Klatt, Steven Powell, and Paul Kintner. 2004. “Magnetometer-Based Attitude and Rate Estimation for a Spacecraft with Wire Booms.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5338
• Hungerford, W. J., and J. A. Munford. 1966. Manufacturing and Test Procedures for Aerobee 350 Burst Diaphragms. NASA-TM-X-55654. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670008306
• Hunley, J. D. 2008a. “The Art of Rocket Engineering.” In University Press of Florida eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813031781.003.0009
• Hunley, J. D. 2008b. “The Atlas Space-Launch Vehicle and Its Upper Stages, 1958–1990.” In University Press of Florida eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813031781.003.0004
• Hunley, J. D. 2008c. “From Pompton Lakes to White Sands: Other Liquid-Propellant Rocket Developments, 1930–1954.” In University Press of Florida eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813031774.003.0005
• Hünlich, Rolf. 1978. “The Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells with Free Edges.” In Theory of Nonlinear Operators. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112573921-039
• Hunsucker, Robert, and Robert Freyman. 1981. Ionosphere Research. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada108905
• Hunt, B. G. 1972. “Photochemical Heating of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Tellus 24 (1): 47–55. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1972.tb01532.x
• Hunt, G. W., G. J. Lord, and A. R. Champneys. 1999. “Homoclinic and Heteroclinic Orbits Underlying the Post-Buckling of Axially-Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” In Advanced Series in Nonlinear Dynamics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812814876_0014
• Hunter, Davis, and William Hill. 2017. “Design, Construction, and Flight of a High Power Rocket Vehicle and Autonomous Payload.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-2022. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2022
• Hurlbert, Kathryn Miller. 1997. “The Two-Phase Extended Evaluation in Microgravity (TEEM) Flight Experiment: Description and Overview.” In Space technology and applications international forum (STAIF - 97). ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.52045
• Hurlbert, Kathryn Miller, Karen D. Pickering, Howard Slade, and Kris K. Cyrus. 2002. “Immobilized Microbe Microgravity Water Processing System (IMMWPS) Flight Experiment Integrated Ground Test Program.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-2355
• Hussein, Mennatallah M., Lilly Etzenbach, and Olivier de Weck. 2026. “Sensor and Actuator Evaluation for Liquid Rocket Engines Combustion Instability.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1001. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1001
• Hutchinson, Virgil, and John Olds. 2004. “Estimation of Launch Vehicle Propellant Tank Structural Weight Using Simplified Beam Approximation.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3661. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3661
• Hutt, J., and J. Cramer. 1996. “Advanced Rocket Injector Development at the Marshall Space Flight Center.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1996-4266. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4266
• Huynh, C., A. Ghafourian, S. Mahalingam, and J. Daily. 1992. “Combustor Design for Atomization Study in Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-465
• Hwang, Seung-Hyun, Eui-Seung Chung, Jeong-Joo Park, and Gwang-Rae Cho. 2006. “Korean Sounding Rocket Program in Korea.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-b1.p.1.01
• Hwang, Wei-Chun, Po-Hsiung Lin, and Hungjui Yu. 2020. “The Development of the Storm Tracker and Its Applications for Atmospheric High-Resolution Upper-Air Observations.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-47
• Hwang, Soosul, Chang-Yul Oh, Haeseung Jung, and Keunsu Ma. 2016. “Development of Improved Security Command Insertion Device for Flight Termination System.” In SpaceOps 2016 Conference. AIAA 2016-2337. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2337
• “Hybrid Rocket Engines.” 2019. In Rocket Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108381376.012
• “Hybrid Rocket Propulsion for Sounding Rocket Applications.” 1991. In NASA, Washington, Workshop on the Suborbital Science Sounding Rocket Program, Volume 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920013360
• Hyde, R. S. 2002. A Solid Rocket Motor Manufacturer’s View of Sensors and Aging Surveillance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada406078
• Hyde, Stephen, and Victor Argueta. 2025. “Evaluating Performance of Simple Gas-on-Liquid Injector Designs in a Small Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0109. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0109
• Ibos, C., C. Lacroix, A. Goy, and P. Bordenave. 1999. “Fluid-Structure Simulation of a 3D Ram Air Parachute with SINPA Software.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1713. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1713
• Ibrahim, S. K., and R. A. Engdahl. 1974. Parachute Dynamics and Stability Analysis. NASA-CR-120326. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740022320
• ICAO Standard Atmosphere. 2021. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108691055.016
• Ichimiya, T., K. Takayama, T. Dote, et al. 1961. “Measurement of Positive-Ion Density in the Ionosphere by Sounding Rocket.” Nature 190 (4771): 156–58. https://doi.org/10.1038/190156b0
• Ichinomiya, Kosuke, Takahiro Fujikawa, and Koichi Yonemoto. 2019. “Initial Solution Generation for Conceptual Design Optimization Problems of Suborbital Winged Rocket.” Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2019.72 (0): C22. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2019.72.c22
• Idzorek, J. 1988. “Development of a High Area Ratio Nozzle Thrust Stand.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-2964. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2964
• IJssel, José van den, Christian Siemes, Sabin-Viorel Anton, Natalia Hładczuk, and Pieter N. A. M. Visser. 2025. Thermosphere Density from Accelerometer and GNSS Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-1601
• Ilsen, V. 1961. “Comparison of High-Altitude Simulators for Rocket Testing.” In Propulsion Space Science and Space Exploration. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-395682-8.50007-8
• Imafuku, Shigenori, Ryota Kojima, Shita Mitsuda, and Takakazu Morita. 2018. “Low-Frequency Combustion Instabilities Caused by Velocity Oscillations in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2018.24 (0): GS0508. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2018.24.gs0508
• Imbaratto, David Michael. n.d. “The Interaction between Throttling and Thrust Vectoring of an Annular Aerospike Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.133
• Immich, H., and B. Hufenbach. 1994. “Analysis of Variable Mixture Ratio of a Rocket-Propelled SSTO Launcher.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3314. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3314
• Immich, H., J. Kretschmer, and D. Preclik. 2001. “Thrust Chamber Technology Developments for Future Launch Vehicle Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3544. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3544
• Immler, F., J. Dykema, T. Gardiner, D. N. Whiteman, P. W. Thorne, and H. Vömel. 2010. “A Guide for Upper-Air Reference Measurements.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amtd-3-1807-2010
• “Impact of the STS Ground/Launch Particle Contamination Environment on an Optical Sensor.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0073.0095
• “An Improved Theoretical Aerodynamic Derivatives Computer Program for Sounding Rockets.” 1979. In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-504. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-504
• “Improvements in Rocket Engine Nozzle and High Altitude Plume Computations.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0197.0214
• “In-Flight Contamination and Changes of Thermo-Optical Properties Measurements.” 1982. In Spacecraft Radiative Transfer and Temperature Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865572.0201.0211
• Inan, Umran S. 2001. Optical and VLF Imaging of Lightning-Ionosphere Interactions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada624664
• Inan, Umran S. 2002. Optical and VLF Imaging of Lightning-Ionosphere Interactions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada626303
• Inan, Umran. 2007. Optical and VLF Imaging of Lightning-Ionosphere Interactions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada573357
• Inatomi, Yuko, Yuki Kimura, Katsuo Tsukamoto, Yoshiki Takagi, Shinsuke Takeuchi, and Nobuaki Ishii. 2014. “S-520 Sounding Rocket Experiments of Materials Science under Microgravity.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 12 (ists29): Th_31-Th_34. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.12.th_31
• “Induced Environment Contamination Monitor/ Space Transport System (IECM/STS-2) Summary.” 1983. In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0338, edited by Carl R. Maag. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933635
• Infantono, A., T. B. Adji, and H. A. Nugroho. 2014. “Modeling of the 3D-View Geometry Based Motion Detection System for Determining Trajectory and Angle of the Unguided Fighter Aircraft-Rocket.” In WIT Transactions on Information and Communication Technologies, vol. 1. WIT Press. https://doi.org/10.2495/intelsys130171
• “The Influence of a Time Variable Solar H-Lyman-Alpha Line Profile on Lism-Parameter Deductions from Interplanetary Glow Spectra.” 2001. In COSPAR Colloquia Series. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0964-2749(01)80030-5
• “Influence of Corrugation-Roughness Shape on Aerodynamic Heating in Thick Turbulent Boundary Layers.” 1980. In Entry Heating and Thermal Protection. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865435.0332.0359
• “The Influence of Erosive Burning on Acoustic Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0423.0451
• “Influence of Rocket Burn and Launch on Ionospheric Radio Communication.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-23
• Ingenito, Antonella. 2019. “Numerical Investigation of a Low Thrust Paraffin/N2O Hybrid Rocket.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4194. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4194
• Ingram, C., J. Nicolaides, and D. Tarkowski. 1970. “Nonlinear Aerodynamic Characteristics of Sounding Rockets.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1383. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1383
• “Injector Head for RD-170 Engine Combustion Chamber.” 2007. In Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866906.0253.0282
• Inman, F., and C. Trowbridge. 1978. “Nested Extendible Exit Cone Solid Rocket Nozzle Engineering Evaluation Program.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1070
• Inoue, H. 1991. “Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3410-1_47
• “Instability Phenomenology and Case Studies: Combustion Instability in the RD-0110 Engine.” 1995a. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0089.0112
• “Instability Phenomenology and Case Studies: Instability Phenomena in Earth Storable Bipropellant Rocket Engines.” 1995b. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0113.0142
• “Instability Phenomenology and Case Studies: Instability Phenomena in Liquid Oxygen/Hydrogen Propellant Rocket Engines.” 1995c. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0039.0071
• “Instability Phenomenology and Case Studies: Overview of Combustion Instabilities in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” 1995d. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0003.0037
• “Instrumentation for Research on Combustion Instability in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1960. In Liquid Rockets And Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864759.0119.0143
• “The Interaction of Energetic Electrons and Ions with the Upper Atmosphere.” 1989a. In Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511573118.004
• “The Interaction of Energetic Solar Photons with the Upper Atmosphere.” 1989b. In Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511573118.003
• International Standard Atmosphere. 2010. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511844652.021
• “The International Standard Atmosphere.” 2017. In Aerodynamics for Engineering Students. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100194-3.00017-1
• “The International Standard Atmosphere.” 2026. In Aerodynamics for Engineering Students. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-399544-3.00016-5
• “Introduction to Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” 1992. In Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866197.0001.0022
• “Introductory Considerations on Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” 1964. In Heterogeneous Combustion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864896.0451.0484
• “Ion and Neutral Composition of the Upper Atmosphere.” 1989. In Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511573118.006
• “Ionosphere-Thermosphere Interaction.” 2022. In Cross-Scale Coupling and Energy Transfer in the Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821366-7.00003-2
• Irvine, Thomas F., R. W. Graham, G. Morrell, et al. 1960. “A Six-Part Survey: Rocket Heat-Transfer Literature.” Journal of Heat Transfer 82 (3): 155–69. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3679899
• Ishibashi, Eiki, Shunichi Okaya, Takao Endo, and Takumi Ujino. 1995. “H-II-Solid Rocket Booster Thrust Vector Control System.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2740. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2740
• Ishikawa, Ryoko, Javier Trujillo Bueno, David E. McKenzie, et al. 2025. Determining the Magnetic Field in the Atmosphere of a Solar Active Region Observed by the CLASP2.1 Sounding Rocket Experiment. National Astronomical Observatory of Japan. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250006678
• Ishikawa, Ryohko, Song Donguk, Takenori Okamoto, et al. n.d. “Solar Sounding Rocket Experiment CLASP2 & CLASP2.1.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220007743
• Ishikawa, R., R. Kano, D. Song, et al. 2018. “Sounding Rocket Experiment CLASP2: Development of the UV High-Precision Polarization Spectroscopy Device.” In Astronomical Society of Japan. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180007498
• Ishikawa, Shin-nosuke, Toshifumi Shimizu, Ryohei Kano, et al. 2016. “In-Flight Performance of the Polarization Modulator in the CLASP Rocket Experiment.” In International Society for Optical Engineering. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160010403
• Ishimoto, Shinji. 1995. “Guidance Algorithm for Suborbital Flight Experiment of Unmanned Lifting Entry Vehicle.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1995-3286. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3286
• Ishita. 2022. “Effect of Inelasticity on Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shell.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-2794-1_116
• Islam, Md Suzon. 2024. “Optimizing Space Exploration: A Comprehensive Analysis of AI Integration in Rocket Launch and Landing Systems.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.173108983.33145483/v1
• Isochi, Hikaru, Hiroyoshi Maeda, Yuji Hashimoto, Yohei Seo, Tsutomu Uematsu, and Harunori Nagata. 2013. “S192021 Air Drag Coefficient Estimation Using Supersonic Flight Data of a CAMUI Type Hybrid Rocket.” Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2013 (0): _S192021-1-_S192021-4. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2013._s192021-1
• Istituto Nazionale Di Geofisica Rome (Italy). 1995. Electromagnetic Measurements of the Ionosphere at the Ionospheric Station of Rome. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada304155
• Italian Satellite Instruments Tested in Wallops Rocket Flight. 1963. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630005097
• Ivanov, Mark. 2015. Low Density Supersonic Decelerator Flight Dynamics Test-1 Flight Design and Targeting. Jet Propulsion Lab., California Inst. of Tech. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170008179
• Ivanov, Petr. 2021. “Computation of Aerodynamic Load on Gliding Parachute While Its Deploying and Overloading, Acting on the Airdrop Object.” Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta 28 (2): 115–26. https://doi.org/10.34759/vst-2021-2-115-126
• Ivanov, A. V. 2022. “Dynamics of Rocket Engine Turbopump Turbine Seal Clearance Changes.” Journal of Dynamics and Vibroacoustics 8 (3): 31–41. https://doi.org/10.18287/2409-4579-2022-8-3-31-41
• Ivanov, V. E., Andrey S. Kirillov, Tatyana I. Sergienko, and Ake Steen. 1993. “Modelling of the Altitude Distribution of Green Line (lambda5577A) Luminosity in Aurora.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2050, edited by Sergej Leontyev. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.164815
• Ivchenko, N., Y. Yuan, and E. Linden. 2017. “Post-Flight Trajectory Reconstruction of Suborbital Free-Flyers Using GPS Raw Data.” Journal of Geodetic Science 7 (1): 94–104. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0011
• Iwagami, N., Yoshiko Koizumi-Kurihara, and Junichi Kurihara. 2013. “Imaging Attitude Finder for a Sounding Rocket and Magnesium Ion Imager for Airglow Spatial Pattern.” In TERRAPUB eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5047/aisi.004
• Iwasaka, Yasunobu, and Haruo Horii. 1974. “Carbon Dioxide Density and 15.MU. Band Radiation in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 26 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.26.1
• Iyenagbe, Ugheoke Benjamin, Mustapha Shaibu, Lawal Nasiru Muhammed, and Onche Emmanuel Ogo. 2024. “The Role of Material Selection in the Design Optimization of a Cold Gas Propellant Tank Pressurized System for Nanosatellite.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/au.172223602.29611427/v1
• Iyer, Prashant G. 2023a. “Modelling of 12-DoF Parachute: Riser: Payload System Dynamics Using Kane’s Method.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2728306/v1
• Iyer, Hrishikesh. 2026. “Nose Cone Geometry’s Effect on Rocket Aerodynamic and Thermal Performance.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3714
• Jabri, Hajar, Abdelaziz Sahibeddine, and Rachid Amrousse. 2024. “Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) Decomposition as Green Propellant.” In Advances in chemical and materials engineering book series. IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3373-0669-8.ch007
• Jacchia, Luigi G., and Jack W. Slowey. 1981. Analysis of Data for the Development of Density and Composition Models of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada106420
• Jackson, J. E., and S. J. Bauer. 1961. Rocket Measurement of a Daytime Electron Density Profile up to 620 Kilometers. NASA-TN-D-413. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228127
• Jackson, J. E., J. A. Kane, and J. C. Seddon. 1956. “Ionosphere Electron-Density Measurements with the Navy Aerobee-Hi Rocket.” Journal of Geophysical Research 61 (4): 749–51. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz061i004p00749
• Jackson, J. E., J. A. Kane, and H. A. Whale. 1962. RF Impedance Probe Measurements of Ionospheric Electron Densities. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630014249
• Jackson, John E., and J. Carl Seddon. 1958. “Ionosphere Electron-Density Measurements with the Navy Aerobee-Hi Rocket.” Journal of Geophysical Research 63 (1): 197–208. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz063i001p00197
• Jacob, Eric. 2008. “Oxidizer Enhanced Hybrid Rocket Engine: Regression Rates and Performance.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-1427. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1427
• Jacob, Eric, and Gary Flandro. 2008. “Thrust Oscillations in Large Solid Rocket Boosters.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4601
• Jacob, Eric, Gary Flandro, Paul Gloyer, and Jonathan French. 2010. “Nonlinear Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability Behavior Using UCDS Process.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6800. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6800
• Jacobi, Christoph, Peter Hoffmann, Manja Placke, and Gunter Stober. 2011. “Some Anomalies of Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Parameters during the Recent Solar Minimum.” Advances in radio science 9: 343–48. https://doi.org/10.5194/ars-9-343-2011
• Jacobi, Christoph, Khalil Karami, and Aleš Kuchař. 2024b. Long-Term Trends of Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Gravity Wave Proxies Derived from Combined LF Spaced Receiver and VHF Doppler Wind Observations. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-4692
• Jacobi, Christoph, Friederike Lilienthal, Коротышкин Дмитрий Викторович, E. G. Merzlyakov, and Gunter Stober. 2021. Influence of Geomagnetic Disturbances on Midlatitude Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Mean Winds and Tides. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-3163
• Jacobs, Mark K. 1999. “Launch Systems Operations Cost Modeling.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.57498
• Jacobs, E., and J. Yeager. 1975. “Tailoff Thrust and Impulse Imbalance between Pairs of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motors.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1171. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1171
• Jacobsen, Tore A. 1982. “Observations of Plasma Heating Effects in the Ionosphere by a Rocket Borne Electron Accelerator.” In Artificial Particle Beams in Space Plasma Studies. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-4223-6_12
• Jacobson, S. M., and R. A. Minzner. 1966. Density-Altitude Data from 150 Rocket Flights and 26 Searchlight Probings, 1947 through 1964. NASA-CR-74329. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660014353
• Jacobson, I. D., and J. B. Morton. 1972. Boundary Layer Stability on a Yawed Spinning Body of Revolution and Its Effect on the Magnus Force and Moment. NASA-CR-2060. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720016348
• Jacques, L. 1975. “General Principles for the Aerodynamic Design of Solid Rocket Nozzles.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1338
• Jacques, L. 1979. “Performance Prediction of Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors and Application to High Expansion-Ratio Nozzles.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1295. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1295
• Jacques, L., and J. Roux. 1983. “Computer Aided Preliminary Design of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1254. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1254
• Jadhav, Shruti Dipak, Tapas Kumar Nag, Atri Bandyopadhyay, and Raghvendra Pratap Singh. 2022. “Experimental and Computational Investigation of Sounding Solid Rocket Motor.” REST Journal on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 1 (3): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.46632/jame/1/3/5
• Jaen, Juliana, Toralf Renkwitz, Huixin Liu, et al. 2023. “Long-Term Studies of the Summer Wind in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere at Middle and High Latitudes.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-1465
• Jain, S. R., K. N. Murthy, and B. C. Thanoo. 1988. “Ignition Delay Studies on Hypergolic Fuel Grains.” Defence Science Journal 38 (3): 273–86. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.38.5849
• James, C., Jr. 1981. “Aerodynamics of Rocket Plume Interactions at Supersonic Speeds.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1905. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1905
• James, R. L., Jr., and K. H. Williams. 1966. Flight Demonstration of a Nose-Mounted Rotating-Solid-Propellant Rocket Control System and a Comparison with Analog Studies. NASA-TN-D-3335. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660011640
• James, R. L., Jr., and A. T. Young. 1964. Test-Stand Study of a Vehicle Upper Stage Employing a Rotating Solid-Rocket Attitude Control System and a Comparison with Analog Studies. NASA-TN-D-2997. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650025460
• Jamison, Lelan. 1966. “A Method for Calculating Parachute Opening Forces for General Deployment Conditions.” In Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1966-1501. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1501
• Jan, Darrell, and Kim Aaron. 1990. “Propulsive Effect of Spacecraft Propellant Tank Rupture Following Hypervelocity Impact by a Micrometeoroid.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-614. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-614
• Janardan, B., B. Daniel, and B. Zinn. 1974. “Scaling of Rocket Nozzle Admittances.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1128
• Janda, Mathew D., Robert J. Sinclair, and Debra Gardinier. 2013. “Tailoring a Parachute Recovery System for Commercial Space.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1261. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1261
• Jang, YeongHyeon, Jongkwang Kwon, and Wonjae Lee. 2026. “Review of Flight Termination System Requirements and Airworthiness Certification Approaches for Unmanned Aircraft Systems.” Journal of the KNST 9 (3): 963–68. https://doi.org/10.31818/jknst.2026.9.9.3.963
• Jann, Thomas. 2026. “Analyzing the Behavior of a Whole Aircraft Rescue Parachute System by Flight Dynamic Simulation.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3843. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3843
• “Japan’s Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine History.” 2006. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0815.0842
• Jaquet, Byron M. 1961. Aerodynamic Characteristics at a Mach Number of 3.10 of Several Fourth-Stage Shapes of the Scout Research Vehicle. NASA-TN-D-916. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227876
• Jasztal, Michał, Artur Kłosiński, and Marta Stańska. 2022. “Application Supporting the Design of Parachute Geometry for the Sounding Rocket Recovery System.” Journal of KONBiN 52 (2): 101–16. https://doi.org/10.2478/jok-2022-0018
• Jeffrey, A. 1992. “Skin Friction Analysis for Spin Stabilized Projectiles.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4639. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4639
• Jenab, Kouroush, Sam Khoury, Troy Fine, and Saeid Moslehpour. 2015. “Cause-Consequence Analysis for NASA’s Space Transportation System (STS)-Solid Rocket Booster (SRB).” International Journal of Business and Management 10 (8). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v10n8p23
• Jenab, Kouroush, Nikita Ottosen, and Saeid Moslehpour. 2016. “Application of Scenario-Driven Hazard Analysis in the Solid Rocket Booster.” International Journal of Engineering & Technology 5 (1): 16. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v5i1.4673
• Jeng, San-Mou, and Ron Litchford. 1991. “Nonlinear Analysis of Longitudinal-Mode Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Instability.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-1985. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1985
• Jenke, Leroy M. 1976. Experimental Roll-Damping, Magnus, and Static-Stability Characteristics of Two Slender Missile Configurations at High Angles of Attack (0 to 90 Deg) and Mach Numbers 0.2 through 2.5. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada027027
• Jenkins, Kenneth R. 1962. “Empirical Comparisons of Meteorological Rocket Wind Sensors.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 1 (2): 196–202. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1962)001<0196:ecomrw>2.0.co;2
• Jenkins, C. 1970. “Attitude Control Systems for Sounding Rockets.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1405. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1405
• Jenkins, R. A. 1990. Characterization of Rocket Propellant Combustion Products: Description of Sampling and Analysis Methods for Rocket Exhaust Characterization Studies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/6524606
• Jenkins, E. B., C. L. Joseph, D. Long, P. M. Zucchino, and G. R. Carruthers. 1988. “IMAPS: A High-Resolution, Echelle Spectrograph to Record Far-Ultraviolet Spectra of Stars from Sounding Rockets.” In Ultraviolet Technology II. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890042126
• Jenkins, R. B., J. P. Taylor, and H. J. Honecker Jr. 1973. “Development of the Astrobee F Sounding Rocket System.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038417
• Jens, Elizabeth T., Victor A. Miller, Flora S. Mechentel, Brian J. Cantwell, and Scott Hubbard. 2015. “A Visual Study of the Combustion of High-Regression Rate and Classical Hybrid Rocket Fuels.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3830. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3830
• Jens, Elizabeth T., Pavan Narsai, Brian Cantwell, and G. Scott Hubbard. 2014. “Schlieren Imaging of the Combustion of Classical and High Regression Rate Hybrid Rocket Fuels.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3849. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3849
• Jensen, Dale. 2001. “Launch Vehicle Rocket Propulsion Improvement.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3554
• Jensen, Dale. 2005. “Advanced Performance, Liquid Propellant, Rocket Engine.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-4566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4566
• Jeong, Junyeong, Hyeonjun Im, and Sejin Kwon. 2024. 600 Seconds of Qualification Test on a Low-Toxic Hypergolic Bi-Propellant Thruster. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0002
• Jeong, Junyeong, Seungho Lee, and Sejin Kwon. 2023. “Demonstration of Composite Hypergolic Solid Fuel for Hydrogen Peroxide Hybrid Rocket.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0892. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0892
• Jeremic, Radun. 2004. “Some Aspects of Rocket Propellant Performances and Solid Rocket Propellant Development Tendencies.” Vojnotehnicki glasnik 52 (1): 67–74. https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg0401067j
• Jermey, C., and L. Schiff. 1985. “Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Standard Dynamics Model in Coning Motion at Mach 0.6.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1828. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1828
• Jesen, F. R. 1977. Study of Structural Damping in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Undergoing Unstable Acoustic Oscillations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada054152
• Jewell, R. E. 1964. A Technique for Predicting Localized Vibration Response in Rocket Vehicle Structure. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640008624
• Jha, Ishayyu. 2024. “A Comparative Analysis of the Rotation Detonation Engine and Liquid Rocket Engine in Thrust, Impulse, and Flow Rate.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4889182
• Ji, Jialong, and Bing Sun. 2015. “Research on Structural Optimization for Regenerative-Cooling Thrust Chamber.” In Volume 1A: Symposia, Part 2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-09332
• Jia, Linxiang. 1987. “An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Nozzle Deposition Heat Transfer in Aluminized Solid Rocket Motors.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2232. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2232
• Jia, Qian, Han Chi Cheng, and Li Hua Su. 2012. “A Study on the Numerical Analysis of Three-Dimensional Parachute Inflation Process.” Advanced materials research 479-481: 2582–85. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.479-481.2582
• Jia, Ruyan, Zhenyu Jiang, and Weihua Zhang. 2015. “Numerical Analysis of Flow Separation and Side Loads of a Conical Nozzle during Staging.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230 (5): 845–55. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410015599798
• Jialong Ji and Bing Sun. 2014. “Life Analysis of Regenerative-Cooling Thrust Chamber.” In 2014 ISFMFE - 6th International Symposium on Fluid Machinery and Fluid Engineering. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2014.1217
• Jiang, Genghui, Cheng Cheng, Pei Zhang, and Changli Hu. 2025b. “Physics-Data Hybrid Reduced Order Model for Flow and Heat Transfer Analysis of Rocket Nozzle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5773970
• Jiang, Jiawei, Lihan Fei, Yuxin Song, Zuohua Huang, and Chenglong Tang. 2025a. “Hypergolic Ignition Behaviors and Propulsive Performance of a Mixture of [AMIm][DCA] with Methanol, Ethanol, and n-Propanol Reacting with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” ACS Omega 10 (16): 16548–58. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c11624
• Jiang, Qi, Jiuhou Lei, Xinan Yue, et al. 2024b. “Electron Density Profile Derived from Ionogram Using Ray Tracing Inversion Method.” Radio Science 59 (10): e2024RS008086. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024rs008086
• Jiang, Xingyu, Peng Shi, and Shengping Gong. 2024a. “Adaptive Attitude Control of Rigid-Elastic Coupling Launch Vehicle Based on Rate Gyro Weighting.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5025150
• Jiao, Zilong, Lixiang Jiang, Jipeng Sun, Jianguo Huang, and Yunfei Zhu. 2019. “Outgassing Environment of Spacecraft: An Overview.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 611 (1): 012071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/611/1/012071
• Jiao, Nianming, Yanqiang Zhang, Long Liu, Jean’ne M. Shreeve, and Suojiang Zhang. 2017. “Hypergolic Fuels Based on Water-Stable Borohydride Cluster Anions with Ultralow Ignition Delay Times.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 5 (26): 13341–46. https://doi.org/10.1039/c7ta04038e
• Jie, Tan, Min Gong, Xiaofeng Sun, Zheng Chen, and Fuqun Liu. 2022. “Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Heating of a Lateral Jet Controlled Rocket.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-4171. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4171
• Jiljo K. Moncy and Kesavabrahmaji Karuturi. 2023. “Unscented Kalman Filter Based Attitude Estimation Using Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Aided Mems Gyros.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 35–44. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v73i1.2021.87
• Jiménez, Judit Pérez-Coll, and Nickolay Ivchenko. 2025. SPIDER-2 Sounding Rocket: Electromagnetic Fields in Pulsating Aurora. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-16366
• Jin, Sol. 2025. “Thrust Coefficient Analysis of Pintle Nozzle Thruster for DACS through Ground and High-Altitude Simulation Tests.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 29 (3): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2025.29.3.052
• Jin, Xu-hong, Fei Huang, Xuan Liu, and Xiao-li Cheng. 2018. “Monte Carlo Simulation for Ambient Scatter of Outgassing Molecules from Cylindrical Spacecraft Surfaces.” DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, no. mso. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtcse/mso2018/20458
• Jin, Ping, Xianwei Shang, and Guobiao Cai. 2024. “Dynamic Characteristic Comparison between Pressure Fluctuations Coupling with a Moving Part Model of a Liquid Rocket Engine Flow Regulator.” Physics of Fluids 36 (11): 115157. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0236275
• Jitpraphai, Thanat, and Mark Costello. 2001. “Dispersion Reduction of a Direct Fire Rocket Using Lateral Pulse Jets.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-104. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-104
• Jo, Eric. 2026. “Aerodynamic Heating from Compression Corner Interactions in Hypersonic Flow.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-115448. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-115448
• Johari, Hamid, and K. J. Desabrais. 2002. Aerodynamics of Parachute Opening. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada411095
• Johari, Hamid, and Kenneth Desabrais. 2003. “A Coupled Fluid-Structure Parachute Inflation Model.” In 17th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2003-2146. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2146
• Johari, Hamid, Kenneth Desabrais, and Calvin Lee. 2007. “Effects of Inflation Dynamics on the Drag of Round Parachute Canopies.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2562
• John, Jerin, Purushothaman Nandagopalan, Ankur Miglani, Pranay Mudaliar, and Seung Wook Baek. 2024. “Effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Ferric Chloride on Hypergolic Ignition of Solidified Ethanol Fuels.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4939737
• Johnson, Kyle Jacob. n.d. “Axisymmetric Air Augmented Methanol/gox Rocket Mixing Duct Experimental Thrust Study.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2013.13
• Johnson, I. 1974a. “Optimal Rocket Thrust Profile Shaping Using Third Degree Spline Function Interpolation.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-823
• Johnson, D. 1986. “Status Report of a New Recovery Parachute System for the F111 Aircraft Crew Escape Module.” In 9th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1986-2437. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2437
• Johnson, Donald. 1989. “Testing of a New Recovery Parachute System for the F111 Aircraft Crew Escape Module: An Update.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-891. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-891
• Johnson, G. R., and M. R. L’Ecuyer. 1968. An Experimental Investigation of the Pressure and Velocity Profiles in a Spinning, Cold-Flow Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0849591
• Johnson, Thomas, Drew Landman, Peter Parker, and Ray Rhew. 2009. “A Multi-Component Force Transducer Design from an Existing Rocket Payload Attachment Fitting.” In U.S. Air Force T&E Days 2009. AIAA 2009-1716. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1716
• Johnson, Andrew, and Dimitri Papamoschou. 2008. “Shock Motion and Flow Instabilities in Supersonic Nozzle Flow Separation.” In 38th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-3846. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-3846
• Johnson, Andrew D., and Dimitri Papamoschou. 2010. “Instability of Shock-Induced Nozzle Flow Separation.” Physics of Fluids 22 (1): 016102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3278523
• Johnson, D., and C. Peterson. 1984. “High-Speed, Low-Altitude Payload Delivery Using a Single Large Ribbon Parachute.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-803. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-803
• Johnson, F. S., J. D. Purcell, R. Tousey, and K. Watanabe. 1952. “Direct Measurements of the Vertical Distribution of Atmospheric Ozone to 70 Kilometers Altitude.” Journal of Geophysical Research 57 (2): 157–76. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz057i002p00157
• Johnson, Marty, Ozer Sacarcelik, and Tony Harris. 2004. “Weight Optimized Structural and Acoustic Actuators for the Control of Sound Transmission into Rocket Payload Compartments.” In Noise Control and Acoustics. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-61205
• Johnson, C. Y., G. W. Sjolander, E. S. Oran, T. R. Young, P. A. Bernhardt, and A. V. Da Rosa. 1980. “F Region above Kauai: Measurement, Model, Modification.” Journal of Geophysical Research 85. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800065019
• Johnson, Joshua, John Wee, and Scott Schoneman. 2007. “Economic Benefits of Using Previously Procured Air Force Rocket Motors for the Minotaur-Family of Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2007-6012. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6012
• Johnson, G., and D. Winfield. 1967. “On a Singular Control Problem in Optimal Rocket Guidance.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-582. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-582
• Johnston, Jack, Joe Gibbs, Cameron Fraser, and Kevin Worrall. 2024. Real-Time Adaptive Apogee Prediction for a Suborbital Student Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0114
• Johnston, M. H., R. B. Owen, and R. E. Shurney. 1983. Optical Observations of Unidirectional Solidification in Microgravity. NASA-TP-2110. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830008221
• “Joint DoD/NASA Advanced Launch System: Pathway to Low-Cost, Highly Operable Space Transportation.” 1990. In Space Commercialization: Launch Vehicles and Programs. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865992.0202.0216
• Jojic, B., and D. Blagojevic. 1976. “Theoretical Prediction of Erosive Burning Characteristics of Solid Rocket Propellant Based on Burning Rate Dependence of Pressure and Initial Temperature and Its Energetic Characteristics.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-697. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-697
• Jolley, W., J. Hooper, P. Hilton, and W. Bradfield. 1985. “Studies on Coning in End-Burning Rocket Motors.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1179. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1179
• Jonathan, Allday. 2018. “Intermission: The Saturn V Booster Rocket.” In Apollo in Perspective. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351069748-3
• Jones, L. M. 1961. Upper Air Structure Measurements with Small Rockets. Michigan Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630007283
• Jones, B. B., B. C. Boland, R. Wilson, and S. T. F. Engstrom. 1970. “A High-Resolution Solar Spectrum 2000 Å–2200 Å.” In Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra and Related Ground-Based Observations. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3293-3_43
• Jones, J., and W. Knauss. 1965. “Propellant Failure Criteria.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-157. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-157
• Jones, L. M., L. T. Loh, H. W. Neill, M. H. Nichols, and E. A. Wenzel. 1951. “Diffusive Separation in the Upper Atmosphere.” Physical Review 84 (4): 846–47. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.84.846
• Jones, F. E., and H. S. W. Massey. 1956. “Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 177 (4510): 643–45. https://doi.org/10.1038/177643a0
• Jones, R. D., J. C. Mitchell, and R. G. Scharrer. 1963. High-Resolution Telemetry System for Diagnostic Rockets. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4652980
• Jones, J., A. Over, and G. Funk. 2001. “Microgravity Gaseous Combustion Flight Hardware.” In 2001 Conference and Exhibit on International Space Station Utilization. AIAA 2001-5046. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-5046
• Jones, L. M., and J. W. Peterson. 1967. Falling Sphere Measurements, 30 to 120 Km. NASA-CR-86707. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680018083
• Jones, L. M., and J. W. Peterson. 1968. “Falling Sphere Measurements, 30 to 120 Km.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_21
• Jones, Gregg, Christopher Protz, Brad Bullard, and James Hulka. 2006. “Local Heat Flux Measurements with Single and Small Multi-Element Coaxial Element-Injectors.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20060048167
• Jones, B., and J. Tharayil. 1982. “Development of a Third Stage Motor for the Black Brant X Sounding Rocket.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1720. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1720
• Jones, Kenneth, and Lowell Zoller. 1989. “Advanced Solid Rocket Motor.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2621. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2621
• Jonsson, R., S. Wallin, and P. Holm. 1982. “The Microgravity Research Program in Sweden.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1719. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1719
• Joo, D. M., M. K. Kim, S. M. Park, N. Y. Lee, and H. Kim. 2025. “Validation of a Semi-Empirical Code for Rocket Aerodynamic Performance Prediction and Multi-Objective Optimization.” Journal of computational fluids engineering 30 (4): 47–69. https://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2025.30.4.047
• Jorgensen, Dean. 1991. “On Accounting for Parachute Canopy Porosity in Estimating Parachute Peak Inflation Load.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-848. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-848
• Joselyn, Jo Ann. 1998. “The Human Impact of Solar Flares and Magnetic Storms.” In From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/sp050p0067
• Joyce, Eric, and Michael Snyder. 2009. “Solid Rocket Motor Design for a High Altitude Composite Rocket.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5083. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5083
• Juda, M., W. Cui, D. McCammon, et al. 1992. “Thermal Detectors for X-Ray Astronomy: Current Performance and Limitations.” In In: EUV, X-ray, and gamma-ray instrumentation for astronomy III; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-24, 1992 (A93-29476 10-35). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930045519
• Jung, Philippe. 2003. “History of Dauphin & Eridan Sounding Rockets.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-iaa.2.3.05
• Jurado, E., J. Shade, and M. Weise. 1990. “Selection of Monitoring Techniques for a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2698. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2698
• Juran, W., and R. Stechman. 1967. “Ignition Transients in Small Hypergolic Rockets.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-515. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-515
• Just, Herbert. 1991. “Ariane-5 Booster Recovery System: Description of the Parachute Assembly and the Test Philosophy.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-839. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-839
• Justice, D. 1965. “Launch Environment Factors Affecting the Design of Launch Sites for Large Rocket-Powered Missiles.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-188. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-188
• Justiz, Charles, Charles Dalton, Alex Ignatiev, and Ronald Sega. 1993. “Return Flux Contamination of an Outgassing Spacecraft in Low Earth Orbit.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-725. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-725
• Justus, C. G., and R. G. Roper. 1968. “Some Observations of Turbulence in the 80 to 110 Km Region of the Upper Atmosphere.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_14
• Justus, C. G., and A. Woodrum. 1972. Atmospheric Pressure, Density, Temperature and Wind Variations between 50 and 200 Km. NASA-CR-2062. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720017686
• Justus, C. G., and A. Woodrum. 1973a. Short and Long Periodic Atmospheric Variations between 25 and 200 Km. NASA-CR-2203. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730008777
• Justus, C. G., and A. Woodrum. 1973b. “Upper Atmospheric Planetary-Wave and Gravity-Wave Observations.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 30. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740029285
• Jyoti, Botchu Vara Siva, and Seung Wook Baek. 2014. “Rheological Characterization of Hydrogen Peroxide Gel Propellant.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 15 (2): 199–204. https://doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2014.15.2.199
• Kacpura, Thomas, and Julio Acevedo. 1998. Terrier-Black Brant Sounding Rocket Microacceleration Environment. Paper-13. Aerospace Design and Fabrication, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980237813
• Kacynski, Kenneth, Albert Pavli, and Tamara Smith. 1987. “Experimental Evaluation of Heat Transfer on a 1030:1 Area Ratio Rocket Nozzle.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2070
• Kaeppler, Stephen Roland. n.d. “A Rocket-Borne Investigation of Auroral Electrodynamics within the Auroral-Ionosphere.” PhD diss., University of Iowa. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.vqmju27g
• Kageyama, Lisa, Landon T. Kamps, and Harunori Nagata. 2019. “Effect of Aft Chamber Volume on Hybrid Rocket Combustion Efficiency.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4334
• Kaifler, Natalie, Bernd Kaifler, Markus Rapp, and David C. Fritts. 2022. “The Polar Mesospheric Cloud Dataset of the Balloon Lidar Experiment (BOLIDE).” Earth system science data 14 (11): 4923–34. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-14-4923-2022
• Kalivretenos, C. 1971. “A Wind Tunnel Simulation of Rocket and Launcher Interference Effects.” In 6th Aerodynamics Testing Conference. AIAA 1971-269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-269
• Kalugin, Vladimir T., Alexander Y. Lutsenko, and Dinara K. Nazarova. 2018. “Calculation of Rocket Nose Fairing Shells Aerodynamic Characteristics.” Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 21 (1): 22–29. https://doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2018-21-1-22-29
• Kamat, Om. 2025. “Plume Shaping for Altitude Compensating Rocket Nozzles: Theory and Experimental Validation of Cosine Loss Cancellation.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-100084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-100084
• Kamps, Landon T., Shota Hirai, Yassine Ahmimache, Raymond Guan, and Harunori Nagata. 2017. “Investigation of Graphite Nozzle-Throat-Erosion in a Laboratory-Scale Hybrid Rocket Using GOX and HDPE.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4736. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4736
• Kan, J. R. 1986. Pi2 Pulsations and the Westward Traveling Surge in the Magnetosphere: Ionosphere Coupling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada180270
• Kana, D., and L. Vargas. 1975. “Prediction of Payload Vibration Environments by Mechanical Admittance Test Techniques.” In 16th Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1975-812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-812
• Kanal, Madhoo. 1977. Effects of Non-Thermal Electrons on the Morphology of the Top-Side Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada053232
• Kanal, Madhoo. 1978. Electron Transport in an Inhomogeneous Medium Representative of the Terrestrial Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada065293
• Kanazaki, Masahiro, Hideyuki Yoda, Kazuhisa Chiba, Koki Kitagawa, and Toru Shimada. 2017. “Design Methodology of a Hybrid Rocket-Powered Launch Vehicle for Suborbital Flight.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 30 (6): 04017071. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000778
• Kanda, Takeshi. 2019. “Off-Design Combustion in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine with High-Frequency Instability.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 62 (6): 331–33. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.62.331
• Kandhakumar, Gopal, Chinnasamy Kalaiarasi, and Poomani Kumaradhas. 2016. “Structure and Charge Density Distribution of Amine Azide Based Hypergolic Propellant Molecules: A Theoretical Study.” Canadian Journal of Chemistry 94 (2): 126–36. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2015-0416
• Kandieva, Kanykei, Christoph Jacobi, Karami Khalil, A. I. Pogoreltsev, E. G. Merzlyakov, and Коротышкин Дмитрий Викторович. 2021. Non-Zonal Structures of the Midlatitude Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Dynamics Studied by Using Atmospheric Models and Radar Observations. https://doi.org/10.5194/dach2022-164
• Kandula, Max, Ravi Margasahayam, Michael P. Norton, Raoul E. Caimi, and N. Voska. 2002. Acoustical and Flowfield Characterization of a Tabletop Rocket Motor. DYNACS Engineering Co., Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020050485
• Kane, J. A. 1969. “Rocket Measurements of the Lower Ionosphere.” In OBLIQUE IONOSPHERIC RADIOWAVE PROPAGATION AT FREQUENCIES NEAR THE LOWEST USABLE HIGH FREQUENCY, NATO, AGARD, TECHNICAL MEETING, 11TH, U. OF LEICESTER. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700043036
• Kane, J. A. 1970. “D-Region Electron Density Measurements during the Solar Eclipse of May 20,1966.” In Solar Eclipses and the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1839-2_12
• Kang, Ji-Yoon, Ensil Kang, and Jae-Sang Park. 2026a. “Derivation of Buckling Design Criteria Using Numerical Vibration Correlation Technique for Semi-Monocoque Propellant Tank Structures.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 54 (6): 591–98. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2026.54.6.591
• Kang, Sang Guk, Myung Gon Kim, Sang Wuk Park, Chun-Gon Kim, and Cheol-Won Kong. 2007. “Liquid Nitrogen Storing and Pressurization Test of a Type III Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In Key engineering materials, vol. 334-335. Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.397
• Kang, Hongjae, and Sejin Kwon. 2015. “Development of 500 N Scale Green Hypergolic Bipropellant Thruster Using Hydrogen Peroxide as an Oxidizer.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4062. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4062
• Kang, Qingyi, Liuying Wang, Gu Liu, et al. 2026b. “Early Localized Corrosion of 2219-T8 Aluminum Alloy for Liquid-Propellant Tanks under Accelerated Nitric-Acid Exposure: Al-Selective Dealloying of θ-Al₂Cu.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7517981
• Kannapel, M., A. Przekwas, A. Singhal, and N. Costes. 1987. “Liquid Oxygen Sloshing in Space Shuttle External Tank.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2019. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2019
• Kanner, Howard S., Donna M. Freeland, Derek T. Olson, T. David Wood, and Mark V. Vaccaro. 2011. “Solid Rocket Booster (SRB): Evolution and Lessons Learned during the Shuttle Program.” In AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120001534
• Kanner, Howard, and Kyle Hamlin. 2006. “Ice Impact Testing on the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-723
• Kanner, Howard, and John Hengel. 2001. “Solid Rocket Booster Compartment Pressure Flight Data Analysis.” In 15th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2995. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2995
• Kanner, Howard, and Thomas Reinarts. 2001. “Rocket Booster Aerothermal Flight Data Analysis.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-983. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-983
• Kanner, Howard, C. Stuckey, and Darrell Davis. 2002. “Recession Curve Generation for Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Thermal Protection System Coatings.” In 8th AIAA/ASME Joint Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference. AIAA 2002-3334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3334
• Kantor, Arthur J. 1969. STRONG WIND AND VERTICAL WIND SHEAR ABOVE 30 Km. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0696598
• Kao, S. K., and N. J. Lordi. 1977. Characteristics of the Motions, Turbulence Intensity, Diffusivity, Flux of Momentum and Sensible Heat in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA-CR-2782. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770010722
• Kaplan, Joseph. 1937. “Measurement of Pressures in the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 139 (3530): 1112–1112. https://doi.org/10.1038/1391112b0
• Kaplan, Joseph. 1939. “Nitric Oxide in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 144 (3638): 152–152. https://doi.org/10.1038/144152a0
• Kaplan, Nathan, and Rodney J. Andrus. 1948. “Corrosion of Metals in Red Fuming Nitric Acid and in Mixed Acid.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 40 (10): 1946–47. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50466a021
• Kapp, J. 1978. “Design, Analysis, Fabrication and Test of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Motor Case.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-954. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-954
• Karabadzhak, G., Yu. Plastinin, E. Szhenov, et al. 2000. “Mir-Based Measurements of the Ultraviolet Emissions from Rocket Exhaust Plume Interactions with the Atmosphere at 380-Km Altitude.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-105
• Karam, Robert D. 1987. “Outgassing of Spacecraft Composites.” In Composite Structures 4. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3455-9_3
• Karam, Robert D. 1989. “Sensitivity Studies in the Outgassing of Spacecraft Composites.” In Composite Structures 5. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1125-3_31
• Karlgaard, Chris D., Jake Tynis, and Clara O’Farrell. 2018. “Reconstruction of the Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment Sounding Rocket Flight Test.” In 2018 Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-3624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3624
• Karlgaard, Chris D., Jake Tynis, Clara O’Farrell, and Bryan Sonneveldt. 2019. “Reconstruction of the Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment Sounding Rocket Flight Tests with Strengthened Disk-Gap-Band Parachute.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0014
• Karnesky, A., and S. Colucci. 1973. “Recent Occurrences of Combustion Instability in Solid Rocket Motors: An Overview.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1296. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1296
• Karpov, Boris G. 1965. Liquid Filled Gyroscope: The Effect of Reynolds Number on Resonance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0479430
• Karr, G. R. 1974. “Dual Falling Sphere Determination of Density and Transition Flow Parameter.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740038029
• Karthikeyan, T., S. K. Aravindhkumar, and J. Arun Kumar. 2016. “Design and Analysis of Aerospike Nozzle to Improve Thrust in Hybrid Rocket Engine.” International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 36 (7): 347–51. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v36p265
• Karthikeyan, Goutham, and Toru Shimada. 2016. “Quasi 1-D Numerical Analysis of Combustion Instability in Hybrid Rocket Motor Incorporating Boundary Layer Lags.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4751
• Kartuzova, Olga, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2011. “Modeling Interfacial Turbulent Heat Transfer during Ventless Pressurization of a Large Scale Cryogenic Storage Tank in Microgravity.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-6037. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6037
• Kartuzova, Olga V., and Mohammad Kassemi. 2017. “A CFD Prediction of Microgravity Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control and Validation against the Tank Pressure Control Experiment.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4660
• Kartuzova, Olga V., and Mohammad Kassemi. 2019. “CFD Jet Mixing Model Validation against Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Microgravity Experiment.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4282. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4282
• Kartuzova, Olga V., and Mohammad Kassemi. 2024. “CFD Modeling of Tank Pressurization and Axial Jet Mixing Experiments with and without Non-Condensable Gas in the Ullage.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0546. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0546
• Kartuzova, Olga V., and Mohammad Kassemi. 2025. “Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Tank Self-Pressurization in the Ground-Based K-Site Experiment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0353
• Kartuzova, Olga, Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel Hauser. n.d. “A Computational Study of the Effect of Fill Level during Tank Self-Pressurization and Validation against Ground-Based K-Site Experiment.” In 31st Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250004156
• Kartuzova, Olga V., Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel M. Hauser. 2023a. “CFD Model Development of a Cryogenic Storage Tank Self-Pressurization in Normal Gravity and Validation against SHIIVER Experiment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1412
• Kartuzova, Olga V., Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel M. Hauser. 2023b. “Modeling Autogenous Pressurization and Draining of a Cryogenic Storage Tank in Normal Gravity.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1414. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1414
• Kartuzova, Olga V., Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel M. Hauser. 2024. “Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Predicting Propellant Tank Pressurization and Pressure Collapse in the Ground-Based K-Site Hydrogen Slosh Experiment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0547. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0547
• Kartuzova, Olga V., Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel M. Hauser. 2026. “Development of a Gradient Based Phase Change CFD Model and Validation against Zero Boil-Off Tank Experiment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0569. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0569
• Kasahara, Jiro, Akira Kawasaki, Ken Matsuoka, et al. 2019. “Research and Development of Rotating Detonation Engine System for the Sounding Rocket Flight Experiment S520-31.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2121. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115842
• Kaspar, Štěpán, and Robert Grim. 2025. “Advanced Passive Safety Systems for Aircraft: A Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (9): 1095–1106. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2024-0370
• Kasper, H. J. 1977. Graphical Method for Predicting Life of a Rocket Thrust Chamber with Half-Hard Zirconium-Copper Liner and Electroformed Nickel Closeout. NASA-TM-X-3499. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770013219
• Kasper, H. J. 1985. “Thrust Chamber Life Prediction.” In NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Advan. High Pressure O2(H2 Technol.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850018554
• Kassemi, Mohammad. n.d. “Cryogenic Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization and Active Pressure Control.” In AIAA Online Short Course: Cryogenic Fluid Management for Storage & Transfer of Liquid Propellants in Space. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240001073
• Kassemi, M., D. Hauser, O. Kartuzova, and S. Hylton. n.d.-a. “Development and Validation of Two-Phase CFD Models for Key Elements of Propellant Tank CFM Operations in 1G and Microgravity – an Overview.” In 2023 AIAA SciTech Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220017783
• Kassemi, M., and S. Hylton. n.d. CFD Analysis of Noncondensable Gas Effects on Zero-Boil-Off Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control of a Two-Component Volatile Fluid: 1G Validation and Microgravity Predictions. Case Western Reserve University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250007548
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Sonya Hylton, and Olga Kartizova. 2013. “Effect of Residual Noncondensables on Pressurization and Pressure Control of a Zero-Boil-Off Tank in Microgravity.” In American Society for Gravitational and Space Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140012553
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Sonya Lynn Hylton, and Olga Kartuzova. n.d.-b. “The ZBOT-NC Experiment: Effects of Non-Condensable Gases on Propellant Tank Pressurization and Pressure Control.” In 28th European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA) Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240002613
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Sonya Hylton, and Olga Kartuzova. n.d.-c. “The Zero-Boil-Off Tank Experiment: The Effects of Non-Condensable Gases on Pressurization and Pressure Control of Propellant Tanks in Microgravity.” In 28th European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA) Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240010737
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Sonya Hylton, and Olga Kartuzova. 2017. “Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiment: Ground-Based Validation of Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control Two-Phase CFD Model.” In American Society for Gravitational and Space Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180000924
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Sonya Hylton, and Olga V. Kartuzova. 2018b. “Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiment – Ground-Based Validation of Two – Phase Self-Pressurization CFD Model & Preliminary Microgravity Results.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4940. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4940
• Kassemi, Mohammad, Olga Kartuzova, and Sonya Hylton. 2015. “Effect of Interfacial Turbulence and Accommodation Coefficient on CFD Predictions of Pressurization and Pressure Control in Cryogenic Storage Tank.” In Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150021282
• Kassoy, D. R. 1997. Nonlinear, Rotational-Acoustic Processes in Solid Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada329605
• Kassoy, David. 2013. “Mechanical Disturbances Arising from Thermal Power Deposition in a Gas with Application to Supercritical Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2013-567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-567
• Kastner, S. O., W. E. Behring, and A. K. Bhatia. 1983. “The Solar O III Spectrum. II: Longer Wavelengths, Line Widths, and the He II Lyman Alpha Radiation Field.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 53: 129. https://doi.org/10.1086/190887
• Katchen, L., W. Nordberg, W. S. Smith, and J. Theon. 1966a. Rocket Observations of the Structure of the Mesosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660022987
• Katchen, L., W. Smith, P. Swartz, and J. Theon. 1966b. Temperature, Pressure, Density, and Wind Measurements in the Upper Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 1964. NASA-TR-R-245. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660022995
• Kaufman, Frederick. 1980. Measurement of Rate Constants of Elementary Gas Reactions of Importance to Upper Atmosphere and Combustion Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada207138
• Kaufman, Frederick. 1985. Measurement of Rate Constants of Elementary Gas Reactions of Importance to Upper Atmosphere and Combustion Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada158824
• Kaushik, Mrinal. 2018. “The Standard Atmosphere.” In Theoretical and Experimental Aerodynamics. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1678-4_1
• Kavadas, A., and J. A. Koehler. 1969. “A Stabilized Rocket-Released Magnetometer.” Canadian Journal of Physics 47 (14): 1517–27. https://doi.org/10.1139/p69-194
• Kavanaugh, D., and C. Nichols. 1980. “A Post Burn Outgassing and Thrust Prediction for the IUS Solid Rocket Motors.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1104. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1104
• Kawano, Kazuki, Hiroshi Gotoda, Yusuke Nabae, Yuya Ohmichi, and Shingo Matsuyama. 2023. “Complex-Network Analysis of High-Frequency Combustion Instability in a Model Single-Element Rocket Engine Combustor.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 959: A1. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2023.52
• Kaya, Nobuyuki, Masashi Iwashita, Kohei Tanaka, Shinichi Nakasuka, and Leopold Summerer. 2006. “Rocket Experiment on Microwave Power Transmission with Furoshiki Deployment.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c3.3.03
• Kayat, M. A. 1978. A Soft X-Ray Image of the Cygnus Loop SNR. Leicester, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041459
• Kays, Marvin, and Robert O. Olsen. 1967. “Rocket Temperature and Wind Sensors for Synoptic observations1.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 48 (9): 676–83. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-48.9.676
• Kayser, D. C. 1988. Measurements of the Thermospheric Meridional Wind from the S85-1 Spacecraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada198100
• Kayser, David C., William T. Chater, Charles K. Howey, and James B. Pranke. 1986. The Upper Atmosphere Composition Spectrometer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada175788
• Kazaroff, John, and Albert Pavli. 1990. “Advanced Tube-Bundle Rocket Thrust Chamber.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2726
• Ke, Peng, and Chunxin Yang. 2011. “A Novel Algorithm for Simulating the General Parachute-Payload System: Solver and Applications.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2582. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2582
• Keast, David N. 1961. “Measurement of Rocket Engine Noise.” Noise Control 7 (2): 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2369436
• Keba, Ruslan, and Anatolii Kulabukhov. 2024. “Methodological Support for Determining the Pitch Angle Program of a Launch Vehicle during the Insertion of Spacecraft into Circular Orbits.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 33 (4–29): 80–85. https://doi.org/10.15421/452454
• Keck, E. 1975. “A Computer Simulation of Parachute Opening Dynamics.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1379. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1379
• Keefe, R. T., E. A. Rawls, and D. A. Kross. 1982. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Water Entry Cavity Collapse Loads.” In Shock and Vibration Inform. Center The Shock and Vibration Bull., No. 52. Part 2. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830022423
• Keefer, Jane A. 1975. Ambient Electron Density Profiles from High Altitude Nuclear Effects Chemistry Codes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada009941
• Keenan, F. P., R. J. Thomas, W. M. Neupert, V. J. Foster, C. J. Greer, and S. S. Tayal. 1996. “Solar EUV Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph (SERTS) Observations of Fe XII Emission Lines.” In Astrophysics in the Extreme Ultraviolet. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3988-5_85
• Keller, George E. 1968. Use of Ionic Mobilities for Measurements in the Lower Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0671608
• Keller, Alex, Fabio Bendana, Vincent Phong, and R. Mitchell Spearrin. 2024. “Additively-Manufactured Shear Tri-Coaxial Rocket Injector Mixing and Combustion Characteristics.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4867669
• Kelley, Henry. 1963. “Singular Extremals in Lawden’s Problem of Optimal Rocket Flight.” In Summer Meeting. AIAA 1963-221. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-221
• Kellogg, W. W. 1964. “Pollution of the Upper Atmosphere by Rockets.” Space Science Reviews 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00180267
• Kellogg, W. 1973. “Pollution of the Upper Atmosphere Revisited.” In International Conference on the Environmental Impact of Aerospace Operations in the High Atmosphere. AIAA 1973-492. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-492
• Kelso, John M. 1967. Ray Tracing in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0820670
• Keltz, W. L., and C. G. Ringwall. 1970. Study of Fluidic Roll Control for Sounding Rocket Applications. NASA-CR-73499. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009270
• Kempner, J., and Y.-N. Chen. 1969. “Postbuckling of an Axially Compressed Oval Cylindrical Shell.” In Applied Mechanics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-85640-2_18
• Kendall, R., and R. Rindal. 1964. “Analytical Evaluation of Rocket Nozzle Ablation.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-101
• Kendall, B. R. F., and J. O. Weeks. 1974. “Transient Desorption of Water Vapor: A Potential Source of Error in Upper Atmosphere Rocket Experiments.” Journal of Geophysical Research 79. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740044964
• Kendle, D. 1970. “Ullage Mixing Effects on Tank Pressurization Performance.” In 6th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1970-681. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-681
• Kennedy, B. C., and H. B. Niemann. 1966. Omegatron Mass Spectrometer for Partial Pressure Measurements in Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660054951
• Kenner, P. 1967. “Analysis of Tip-off Motion Due to Multi-Spring Separation of Two Spinning Bodies.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1316. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1316
• Kenny, Jeremy, Chris Hobbs, Ken Plotkin, and Debbie Pilkey. 2009. “Measurement and Characterization of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Plume Acoustics.” In Confederation of European Aerospace Societies. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023641
• Kent, G. S., and W. Keenliside. 1974. “Laser Radar Observations of Seasonal Changes in Atmospheric Density in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 31 (5): 1409–12. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1409:lroosc>2.0.co;2
• Kent, Barry J., Bruce M. Swinyard, and Elizabeth L. Martin. 1994. “Contamination Control and Material Screening for the Extreme Ultraviolet Coronal Diagnostic Spectrometer on SOHO.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2210, edited by Thierry M. Dewandre, Joachim J. Schulte-in-den-Baeumen, Emmanuel Sein. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188106
• Kerebel, A., and P. Dugat. 1986. “Development of a Telecommunication Spacecraft Propellant Tank.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1502. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1502
• Keskinen, M. J. 1989. Scaling Laws for the Spectrum of Interchange Instabilities in the High Latitude Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada209993
• Keskinen, Michael J. 1997. Development of Multiscale Ionosphere-Thermosphere Forecasting Techniques and Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada629247
• Kessler, Michael. 2005. “Air Rocket Thrust Experiment Involving Computerized Data Acquisition, Calibration, and Uncertainty Analysis.” In 2005 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–15328
• Kestenbaum, H., R. Novick, and J. R. P. Angel. 1971. A Bragg Spectrometer for Stellar X-Ray Astronomy. AFOSR-72-0289TR. Columbia University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720029373
• Ketner, D., and K. Hess. 1979. “Particle Impingement Erosionin Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Booster Nozzles.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1250. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1250
• Keynton, Robert J. 1961. Static Longitudinal Stability of a Rocket Vehicle Having a Rear-Facing Step Ahead of the Stabilizing Fins. NASA-TN-D-993. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227828
• Khaled, Safinaz A., Luc Damé, Mohamed A. Semeida, et al. 2020. Variations of the Hydrogen Lyman Alpha Line throughout Solar Cycle 24 on ESA/PROBA-2 and SORCE/SOLSTICE Data. “Prof. Marin Drinov” Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2020.09.10
• Khaled, Bensayah, and Kamri Khadidja. 2021. “Numerical Investigation of Supersonic Flow Separation in Thrust-Optimized Contour Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of the Serbian Society for Computational Mechanics 16 (2): 43–55. https://doi.org/10.24874/jsscm.2022.16.02.03
• Khalil, M., H. Abdalla, and O. Kamal. 2009. “Trajectory Prediction for a Typical Fin Stabilized Artillery Rocket.” International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 13 (AEROSPACE SCIENCES): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.21608/asat.2009.23742
• Khalimonov, Oleg, Alexander Robitaille, and Hoi Dick Ng. 2024. Design and Development of the Largest Student-Built Liquid Rocket Engine for Suborbital Flight: A Comprehensive Overview and Lessons Learned. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0008
• Khamlak, Maryna. 2026. “Methodology for Ensuring Safety and Operational Reliability of Reusable Launch Vehicle Composite Structures under High-Intensity Vibroacoustic Loads.” American Journal of Engineering and Technology 08 (06): 01–61. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/book-26-01
• Khan, Tajwali, and Ihtzaz Qamar. 2019. “Factors Affecting Characteristic Length of the Combustion Chamber of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” Mehran University Research Journal of Engineering and Technology 38 (3): 729–44. https://doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.1903.16
• Khan, Sher Afghan, Javed Shoukat Shaikh, Krishna Kumar, Khizar Ahmed Pathan, and Fayaz Husain Kharadi. 2025. “Estimation of the Damping Derivative in Pitch for a Wedge at Supersonic Mach Numbers Using Design of Experiments.” Journal of Advanced Research in Experimental Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer 18 (1): 106–17. https://doi.org/10.37934/arefmht.18.1.106117
• Khassanchine, R. H., A. N. Timofeev, A. N. Galygin, V. I. Kostiuk, and V. M. Tsvelev. n.d. “Influence of Electron Radiation on Outgassing of Spacecraft Materials.” In Space Technology Proceedings. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-4319-8_5
• Khattatov, Boris. 2003. Advanced Modeling of the Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada422256
• Khattatov, Boris, Michael Murphy, Marianna Gnedin, Tim Fuller-Rowell, and Valery Yudin. 2004. Advanced Modeling of the Ionosphere and Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada429055
• Khawand, George, Bob Loibl, Dan Nissen, and Michael Witt. 2000. “Design and Qualification of a Single Tank for Dual Applications: Helium Pressurant or Xenon Propellant.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3890. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3890
• Khobragade, Nikhil, John Wylie, Jonas Gustavsson, and Rajan Kumar. 2019. “Control of Flow Separation in a Rocket Nozzle Using Microjets.” New Space 7 (1): 31–42. https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2018.0037
• Kibbey, Timothy P. 2024. “Residual Thrust in a Solid Rocket Motor: A Model Applied to the Mars Ascent Vehicle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0212. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0212
• Kielpinski, Dave, and Erik Streed. 2011. Laser Stabilization for Doppler Lidar of the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada536872
• Kierski, Jan, Arthur Pazik, and Dawid Cieśliński. 2023. “Solid Rocket Boosters Separation System Development for the ILR-33 Amber 2K Rocket.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2023 (3): 16–27. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2023-0014
• Kim, Yoontae. n.d. “Buckling of a Cracked Cylindrical Shell Reinforced with an Elastic Liner.” PhD diss., Northeastern University. https://doi.org/10.17760/d20001156
• Kim, S. 1991. “Numerical Study of High-Area-Ratio H2/O2 Rocket Nozzles.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2434. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2434
• Kim, Seong-Lyong. 2004. “Aerodynamic Heating Analysis and Flight Test of KSR-III Rocket.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 32 (8): 54–63. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2004.32.8.054
• Kim, Branden. 2026. “A Computational Study of Rocket Escape Dynamics with Drag, Variable Mass, and Rotational Instability.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6987718
• Kim, Hyeongseok, Sanghyun Chae, and Kwanjung Yee. 2018. “Unguided Rocket Trajectory Analysis under Rotor Wake and External Wind.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 46 (1): 41–51. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2018.46.1.41
• Kim, Y., C. Chen, J. Ziebarth, and Y. Chen. 1992. “Prediction of High Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3763. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3763
• Kim, Junhong, S. Chung, and Jong Kim. 2004. “Modeling of Lifted Turbulent Flame by the Flame Edge Theory and Its Implication in Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1337. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1337
• Kim, Garam, Sergey Dubikovsky, Peng Hao Wang, and Ronald Sterkenburg. 2020a. “Open-Ended Capstone Project: Designing and Manufacturing of a Low-Cost Carbon Fiber Reinforced Composite Suborbital Rocket Payload Housing Using a 3D Printed Core.” International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace. https://doi.org/10.15394/ijaaa.2020.1492
• Kim, Chungman, Hongjae Kang, and Jongkwang Lee. 2025a. “Experimental Study on Ignition Behaviors of Green Hypergolic Propellants Depending on Fuel Properties: Nabh4-Promoted Fuels / H2o2 Oxidzier.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5316742
• Kim, Chungman, Hongjae Kang, Kyounghwan Lee, and Jongkwang Lee. 2023. “Research and Review of Impinging Jet Test for Low-Toxicity Hypergolic Propellant.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 27 (3): 78. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2023.27.3.078
• Kim, Chungman, Hongjae Kang, Kyounghwan Lee, and Jongkwang Lee. 2024b. “Ignition Characteristic of Low-Toxic Hypergolic Propellant According to Fuel Properties.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 52 (2): 131–37. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2024.52.2.131
• Kim, Chungman, Hongjae Kang, Eunkwang Lee, and Jongkwang Lee. 2025c. Influence of Fuel Properties on the Ignition Behavior of NaBH4-Promoted Hypergolic Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide. https://doi.org/10.52202/083090-0011
• Kim, Kyu-Seop, Yehyun Kim, Sangwoo Jung, Junyeong Jeong, and Sejin Kwon. 2019. “Research Studies of Impingement Characteristics for Hypergolic Propellant.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 23 (5): 90. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2019.23.5.090
• Kim, Jaewoo, Soojong Kim, Jinkon Kim, and Heejang Moon. 2010. “Experimental Investigations of Tapered Fuel Regression Rate of Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-7119. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7119
• Kim, Soojong, Jinkon Kim, Heejang Moon, et al. 2009. “Combustion Characteristics of the Cylindrical Multi-Port Grain for Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5112. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5112
• Kim, Won-Gi, Jaeyoul Ko, and Jaemyung Ahn. 2025b. Impact Dispersion Area Estimation for State Uncertainty Using Numerical Approximation. https://doi.org/10.52202/083096-0018
• Kim, K. H., H. -J. Ko, K. Kim, Y. -S. Jung, S. -H. Oh, and K. -J. Cho. 2012. “Transient Thermal Analysis of a Cryogenic Oxidizer Tank in the Liquid Rocket Propulsion System during the Prelaunch Helium Gas Pressurization.” Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 21 (1): 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1810232812010018
• Kim, Joung-Keun, and Young-Won Lee. 2011. “The Stydy on Determination Method of Initial Optimal Nozzle Expansion Ratio in Pintle Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 39 (8): 744–49. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2011.39.8.744
• Kim, Jeongjin, Jungseob Lee, Jungkun Jin, and Dohyung Lee. 2020b. “The Relationship between Grain Design and Non-Uniform Ablation of Solid Rocket Insulation.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 24 (2): 28. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2020.24.2.028
• Kim, Soojong, Jungpyo Lee, Heejang Moon, Honggye Sung, and Jinkon Kim. 2011c. “Empirical Estimation of Entrainment Regression Rate in Liquefying Solid Fuel for Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5823
• Kim, Hyoungwoo, Hanyoung Ryu, Juhoon Son, et al. 2024a. “Aerodynamic Heating Analysis on Rocket Fairings Using CFD and DSMC.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 28 (4): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2024.28.4.011
• Kim, Jaewoo, Jungsoo So, Soojong Kim, Jinkon Kim, and Heejang Moon. 2011b. “Effect of a Midst Mixing Chamber on Fuel Regression of a Laboratory Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5910. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5910
• Kim, Hyeongseok, and Kwanjung Yee. 2020. “Downwash Effect on the Unguided Rocket under Rotor Wake and External Wind.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 63 (3): 80–89. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.63.80
• Kim, Hong-Rae, Dong-Seo Yoo, Jong-Kwon Choi, and Young-Keun Chang. 2011a. “Cost Model for Annual Cost Spread Estimation of Space Launch Vehicle Development.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 39 (6): 576–84. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2011.39.6.576
• Kim, Min Seok, Isang Yu, Wan Chan Kim, Dong Hae Shin, and Youngsung Ko. 2017. “Measurement of Heat Flux in Rocket Combustors Using Plug-Type Heat Flux Gauges.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 18 (4): 788–96. https://doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2017.18.4.788
• Kimata, Hiroyuki, Masato Taguchi, Xiaopeng Xue, and Koichi Mori. 2015. “Unsteady Aerodynamic Simulation of Supersonic Flexible Parachute Including Fluid-Structure Interaction.” In 23rd AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2015-2186. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2186
• Kinefuchi, Kiyoshi, Hideto Kawashima, Daizo Sugimori, et al. 2020. “Effect of Pressurant Gas Species on Thermal Behavior of a Cryogenic Tank.” Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (0): J19101. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.j19101
• King, M. 1982. “Prediction of Metal Combustion Efficiency in Low Port-to-Throat Arearatio and Nozzleless Solid Rocket Motors.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1202. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1202
• King, E. J., and John Salvaggi. 1975. Analysis of Liquid Rocket Tankage for Model LR58-RM-4 Liquid Propellant. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada022573
• King-Hele, D. G. 1958. “Theory of Rocket Flight.” Nature 182 (4639): 821–22. https://doi.org/10.1038/182821b0
• King-Hele, D. G. 1959. “Density of the Upper Atmosphere from Analysis of Satellite Orbits: Further Results.” Nature 184 (4695): 1267–70. https://doi.org/10.1038/1841267a0
• King-Hele, D. G. 1963. “Decrease in Upper-Atmosphere Density since the Sunspot Maximum of 1957–58.” Nature 198 (4883): 832–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/198832a0
• King-Hele, D. G. 1964. “Variations in Upper-Atmosphere Density between Sunspot Maximum and Minimum.” Nature 203 (4948): 959–60. https://doi.org/10.1038/203959a0
• King-Hele, D. G. 1966a. “Semi-Annual Variation in Upper-Atmosphere Density.” Nature 210 (5040): 1032–1032. https://doi.org/10.1038/2101032a0
• King-Hele, D. G. 1968. “Semi-Annual Variation in Upper Atmosphere Density.” Nature 217 (5131): 833–34. https://doi.org/10.1038/217833a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and D. M. C. Walker. 1959. “Irregularities in the Density of the Upper Atmosphere: Results from Satellites.” Nature 183 (4660): 527–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/183527a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and D. M. C. Walker. 1960a. “Density of the Upper Atmosphere and Its Dependence on the Sun, as Revealed by Satellite Orbits.” Nature 186 (4729): 928–31. https://doi.org/10.1038/186928a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and D. M. C. Walker. 1960b. “Variation of Upper-Atmosphere Density with Latitude and Season: Further Evidence from Satellite Orbits.” Nature 185 (4715): 727–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/185727a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and D. M. C. Walker. 1961. “Density of the Upper Atmosphere Determined from Satellite Orbits, and Its Variation during 1957–61.” Nature 191 (4784): 114–18. https://doi.org/10.1038/191114a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and Doreen M. C. Walker. 1968. “Semi-Annual Variation in Upper-Atmosphere Density: Evidence of a 33-Month Periodicity.” Nature 219 (5155): 715–16. https://doi.org/10.1038/219715a0
• King-Hele, D. G., and Doreen M. C. Walker. 1969. “Variations in Upper Atmosphere Density at Heights of 140–180 Km between July and October 1968.” Nature 222 (5189): 153–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/222153a0
• King-Helk, D. G. 1967. “Upper Atmosphere Density in 1966–67: The Dominance of a Semi-Annual Variation at Heights near 200 Km.” Nature 216 (5118): 880–880. https://doi.org/10.1038/216880a0
• Kingsbury, H., and J. Vinson. 1965. “On the Lobar and Longitudinal Vibrations of Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-172. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-172
• Kinnett, Ryan L. n.d. “System Integration and Attitude Control of a Low-Cost Spacecraft Attitude Dynamics Simulator.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2010.40
• Kinsley, R. L. 1969. Development of Realistic Vibration Test Levels for Sounding Rocket Subsystems. NASA-TM-X-63798. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700008067
• Kintner, Paul M. 1993. Studies of Electrostatic Waves and VLF-Wave Particle Interaction in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada266013
• Kintner, Paul M. 1997. Studies of Electrostatic Waves, VLF-Wave Particle Interactions, and Propagations in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada628007
• Kintner, P. M., R. Arnoldy, C. Pollock, et al. 1997. The SCIFER Sounding Rocket Experiment. Cornell Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980197385
• Kintner, P. M., and M. Kelley. 1982. “Plasma Waves Produced by the Xenon Ion Beam Experiment on the Porcupine Sounding Rocket.” In Artificial particle beams in space plasma studies; Advanced Research Institute. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830052971
• Kirby, D., and R. Van Vooren. 1964. “Solid Rocket Motor Thrust Vector Control System Selection.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-230. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-230
• Kirci, Orhan, and Chingiz M. Hajiyev. 2024. “Optimized TRIAD-Based Nanosatellite Attitude Determination Using Horizon Sensor and Magnetometer.” WSEAS TRANSACTIONS ON SYSTEMS AND CONTROL 19: 240–46. https://doi.org/10.37394/23203.2024.19.26
• Kirshina, A. A., A. A. Levikhin, and A. Yu. Kirshin. 2022. “Numerical Method for Calculating the Nozzle Thrust of a Wide-Range Rocket Engine.” Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 22 (5): 1016–24. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2022-22-5-1016-1024
• Kirshman, David J. 2002. “Contamination Environment Resulting from IUS Stage II Motor Post-Burn Outgassing.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 4774, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, O. Manuel Uy. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.481649
• Kishore Nath, N., and P. Mallesham. 2023. “Development of Composite Ablative Liners for Solid Rocket Motor Flex Nozzles.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 254–61. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v65i3.2013.846
• Kitahara, Tsukasa, Takuya D. Kawahara, Fumitoshi Kobayashi, Masaki Tsutsumi, Yasunori Saito, and Akio Nomura. 2003. “Sodium Temperature Lidar for Probing the Upper Atmosphere over Antarctica.” Review of Laser Engineering 31 (1): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.2184/lsj.31.68
• Kiviranta, Joonas, Kristell Pérot, Patrick Eriksson, and Donal Murtagh. 2018. “An Empirical Model of Nitric Oxide in the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Based on 12 Years of Odin-SMR Measurements.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-39
• Klanner, Lisa, Katharina Höveler, Dina Khordakova, et al. 2021. “A Powerful Lidar System Capable of 1 h Measurements of Water Vapour in the Troposphere and the Lower Stratosphere as Well as the Temperature in the Upper Stratosphere and Mesosphere.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 14 (1): 531–55. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-531-2021
• Kleb, William. 1996. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Aerospace Vehicle during a Subsonic Pitch-over Maneuver.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-825. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-825
• Klein, L., and G. Penzias. 1967. “Spectral Radiance Measurements of Model Rocket Exhaust Gases at Simulated Altitude, Using a Rapid Scanning Spectrometer.” In 5th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1967-10. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-10
• Klevatt, Paul. 1995. “Design Engineering and Rapid Prototyping for the DC-X Single Stage Rocket Technology Vehicle.” In 36th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1995-1425. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1425
• Klimas, P., and D. Rogers. 1975. “Helium Bubble Survey of a Parachute Opening Flowfield Using Computergraphics Techniques.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1368. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1368
• Klinger, D. 1981. “Separate-Bias Smoothing for Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1761
• Knab, Oliver, Manuel Frey, Josef Görgen, Katharina Quering, Dietmar Wiedmann, and Chris Mäding. 2009. “Progress in Combustion and Heat Transfer Modelling in Rocket Thrust Chamber Applied Engineering.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5477. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5477
• Knab, O., D. Preclik, and D. Estublier. 1998. “Flow Field Prediction within Liquid Film Cooled Combustion Chambers of Storable Bi-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3370
• Knacke, T. W. 1985. Parachute Recovery Systems Design Manual, Chapters 1 through 4 Offprint. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada157839
• Knapp, C., and W. Barton. 1967. “Control Led Recovery of Payloads at Large Glide Distances, Using the Para-Foil.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1356. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1356
• Knauber, Roy. 1995a. “Roll Torques Produced by Fixed Nozzle Solid Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2874. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2874
• Knauber, Roy. 1995b. “Thrust Misalignments of Fixed Nozzle Solid Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2873. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2873
• Knauer, C., and R. Edman. 1991. “Design and Fabrication Techniques for a Large Titanium 15-3-3-3 Propellant Tank.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-1838. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1838
• Kniffen, R. 1992. “Development Status of the 200,000 LBF Thrust Hybrid Rocket Booster.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1657. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1657
• Knoche, H.-G., and G. Gregoriou. 1978. “Aeroballistic Optimization of Unguided Artillery Rockets.” In 16th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1978-114. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-114
• Knothe, A. H. 1970. “Range Safety: Do We Need It?” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700044253
• Knuth, William, Martin Chiaverini, Daniel Gramer, and J. Sauer. 1999. “Solid-Fuel Regression Rate and Combustion Behavior of Vortex Hybrid Rocket Engines.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2318
• Ko, W., and L. Schuster. 1983. “Pre-Flight Transient Dynamic Analysis of B-52 Carrying Space Shuttlesolid Rocket Booster Drop-Test Vehicle.” In 2nd Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1983-2698. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2698
• Ko, Malcolm, Run-Lie Shia, Debra Weisenstein, Jose Rodriguez, and Nien-Dak Sze. 1999. Global Stratospheric Impact of Solid Rocket Motor Launchers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada413823
• Kobald, Mario, Ulrich Fischer, Konstantin Tomilin, et al. 2017. “Sounding Rocket ‘HEROS’: A Low-Cost Hybrid Rocket Technology Demonstrator.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4902
• Kobayashi, Kan, Yu Daimon, Nobuyuki Iizuka, HIroshi Tamura, Tohru Mitani, and Takuo Onodera. 2011. “Studies on Combustion Instability for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-6028. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6028
• Koch, James R., Ercan Dumlupinar, Jeffrey A. Housman, et al. 2021. “CFD Analysis of Space Launch System Solid Rocket Booster Separation within the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2966. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2966
• Kochetkov, Yu. M., and M. K. Mkrtchyan. 2024. “Profiling of Supersonic Rocket Engine Nozzles Subject to Compliance with Real Combustion Product Properties Using the Grid-Characteristic Method.” Russian Engineering Research 44 (12): 1713–17. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068798x24703192
• Koda, Takaya, Yousuke Ogino, and Keisuke Sawada. 2013. “Flowfield Calculation Coupled with Fuel Surface Regression in Combustion Chamber for Swirling-Oxidizer-Type Hybrid Rocket Engine.” In 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2013-715. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-715
• Kodikara, Timothy. 2020. Forecasting of the Upper Atmosphere via Assimilation of Electron Density Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-13024
• Kodikara, Timothy, and Kefei Zhang. 2019. “Forecasting of the Thermosphere via Assimilating Electron Density and Temperature Data.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10500883.1
• Kodikara, Timothy, K. F. Zhang, Nicholas Michael Pedatella, and Claudia Borries. 2021. The Impact of Solar Activity on Forecasting the Upper Atmosphere via Assimilation of Electron Density Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-10756
• Koelle, Dietrich. 1992a. “Cost-Optimized Launch Vehicle Design.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1281. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1281
• Koelle, Dietrich. 1992b. “Launch Cost Assessment of Operational Winged Launch Vehicles.” In AlAA 4th International Aerospace Planes Conference. AIAA 1992-5021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-5021
• Koiter, W., I. Elishakoff, Y. Li, and J. Starnes Jr. 1994b. “Buckling of an Axially Compressed Imperfect Cylindrical Shell of Variable Thickness.” In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1994-1339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1339
• Kokan, Timothy, Daniel J. Levack, Matthew R. Long, and William Sack. 2014. “Low Cost Small LOX/HC Launch Vehicle Enabled by Affordable Propulsion.” In AIAA SPACE 2014 Conference and Exposition. AIAA 2014-4342. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-4342
• Kolb, C. E., S. B. Ryali, and J. C. Wormhoudt. 1988. “The Chemical Physics of Ultraviolet Rocket Plume Signatures.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0932, edited by Robert E. Huffman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.946873
• Kolegov, G. A. 1961. “Variations in Density of the Upper Atmosphere from Data Obtained from the Measured Period of Rotation of Artificial Earth Satellites.” In Artificial Earth Satellites. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5929-4_16
• Kolesnik, Sergey, and Alexei Borisevich. 2026. “Seasonal Variations in Daily Maximum of Electron Density in the F2 Ionospheric Layer Depending on Solar Activity According to the Tomsk Ionospheric Station Data.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 12 (2): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-122202605
• Kolesovas, J., and D. Svitra. 1976. “Mathematical Modeling of the Combustion Process in the Chamber of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Lithuanian Mathematical Journal 15 (4): 632–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00969794
• Kolusz, Adam, Tomasz Palacz, Zuzanna Rydz, and Mateusz M. Guzik. 2019. “Investigation of the Effect of Composite Material on Rocket Fin Flutter Speed.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4052. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4052
• Komerath, Narayanan. 2017. “Rocket-Augmented Two Stage Runway Based Space Access Architecture.” In Volume 12: Transportation Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70253
• Konicke, T., and W. Garrard. 1981. “Stress Measurements in a Ribbon Parachute Canopy during Inflation and at Steady State.” In 7th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1944
• König, Nils, Peter Braesicke, and T. von Clarmann. 2019. “Tropopause Altitude Determination from Temperature Profile Measurements of Reduced Vertical Resolution.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 12 (7): 4113–29. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4113-2019
• “The KOOKABURRA Meteorological Rocket System.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0079.0083
• Koomen, M. J., R. E. McCullough, R. T. Seal, and R. Tousey. 1967b. Photographs of Particles from an Aerobee Rocket at 130-Km to 204-Km Altitude. Naval Research Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022745
• Koomen, M. J., J. D. Purcell, and R. Tousey. 1970. Rocket Observations of the Corona on March 7, 1970. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700057723
• Koomen, M. J., G. D. Sandlin, and R. Tousey. 1967a. Photographs of Coronal Streamers from a Rocket on 9 May 1967. NASA-CR-96359. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680023981
• Koomen, M., R. Scolnik, and R. Tousey. 1956a. “Distribution of the Night Airglow (OI) 5577A and NaDlayer Measured from a Rocket.” Journal of Geophysical Research 61 (2): 304–6. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz061i002p00304
• Kopecek, J. 1970. “Range Safety Information Analysis.” In Launch Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-247. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-247
• Kopp, Harold J., and John N. Nielsen. 1963. Trajectory Error Analysis Computer Program for Two-Degree of Freedom Trajectories. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0424008
• Koppenwallner, G. 2001. “Species Separation in Rocket Exhaust Plumes and Analytic Plume Flow Models.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 585. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1407640
• Korendyke, Clarence M., Dianne K. Prinz, and Dennis G. Socker. 1994. “Optical Design of a near-Ultraviolet Coronagraph for a Sounding Rocket Platform.” Optical Engineering 33 (02): 479–83. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.152194
• Kornblum, J. J. 1970. Collection Efficiency for Inertial Impaction and Sounding Rocket Collection of Meteoric Dust. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700060652
• Kornuta, Jeffrey A., and S. M. Guo. 2008. “Rocket Nozzle Payload Design for a High-Altitude Student Platform.” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education 36 (3): 235–47. https://doi.org/10.7227/ijmee.36.3.7
• Korolev, S. A. 2019. “Research of Influence of Reactive Jet on Dispersion of Rocket Turns When Shooting from a Moving Carrier.” Intellekt. Sist. Proizv. 17 (3): 75. https://doi.org/10.22213/2410-9304-2019-3-75-79
• Koshin, Dai, and Kaoru Sato. 2025. “Influence of the Stratospheric Quasi-Biennial Oscillation on the Seasonal Variation of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Based on a Longterm Reanalysis JAWARA.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.175097855.52298822/v1
• Koskinen, H. E. J., G. Holmgren, and P. M. Kintner. 1982. An Observation of LHR Noise with Banded Structure by the Sounding Rocket S29 Barium-GEOS. UIO-SR-82-03. Uppsala Ionospheric Observatory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830015735
• Koskinen, H. E. J., G. Holmgren, and P. M. Kintner. 1983. “Observations of LHR Noise with Banded Structure by the Sounding Rocket S29 Barium-GEOS.” Journal of Geophysical Research 88. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830050028
• Kosmann, W. J., E. R. Dionne, and R. W. Klemetson. 1978. “Characterization of the Non Axial Thrust Generated by Large Solid Propellant Rocket Motors in Three Axis Stabilized Ascent.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780059676
• Kosovtsov, Yuri, and Volodymyr Hrabchak. 2022. “The Inverse Problem of External Ballistics for Identifi Cation of Aerodynamic Coeffi Cients of a Spin-Stabilized Projectile within the Modifi Ed Point-Mass Trajectory Model.” Озброєння та військова техніка 29 (1): 28–35. https://doi.org/10.34169/2414-0651.2021.1(29).28-35
• Koster, John R. 1976. Study of the Equatorial Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada042548
• Koster, John R. 1977. Study of the Equatorial Ionosphere: The Equatorial Evening Minimum in the Total Electron Content of the Ionosphere and Its Role in Equatorial Scintillation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada050647
• Kotarski, Andrzej. 2019. “A Concept of Suborbital Scientific Mission and Technology Validation.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2019 (3): 66–74. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2019-0018
• Kouchiyama, Jiro, Yasuhiro Funo, Shigeyuki Ogawa, Teruo Fujiwara, and Megumu Nishida. 1989. “Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for TR-I Rocket Roll Control System.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1989-3623. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3623
• Kouchiyama, J., Y. Funo, S. Ogawa, T. Fujiwara, M. Nishida, and K. Hasegawa. 1990. “Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation for Tr-i Rocket Roll Control System.” In Automatic Control in Aerospace 1989. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-037027-9.50030-6
• Koustov, Alexander V., Sydney Ullrich, Pavlo V. Ponomarenko, Mehdi Ghalamkarian Nejad, David R. Themens, and Robert G. Gillies. 2022. “Occurrence Rates of SuperDARN Ground Scatter Echoes and Electron Density in the Ionosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10511662.1
• Kovács, Dániel G., Sebastien Paris, Guillaume Grossir, and Christophe F. Schram. 2020. “An Experimental Approach to Determine the Aerodynamic Pitch Damping Coefficient of Slender Bodies in the Transonic Regime.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3105
• Kowaleczko, Grzegorz, Mariusz Pietraszek, and Tomasz Kwaśniak. 2025. “Simulation Study of Payload Delivery with the Use of a Classic Parachute.” Journal of Konbin 55 (2): 111–25. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0055.1560
• Koyagi, Yuki, Wakana Tsuru, Hiroshi Suda, and Kazuhiko Yokota. 2021. “Numerical Analysis of New Rocket Nozzle in Low Altitude.” Proceedings of Conference of Kanto Branch 2021.27 (0): 11E07. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekanto.2021.27.11e07
• Kozlov, Alexander, Jose Hinckel, and Adalberto Comiran. 1996. “Investigation of a Nozzle Tap-off Liquid Rocket Engine Scheme.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3118. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3118
• Kozlov, Stanislav, and Andrey Lyakhov. 2023. “Photodetachment Rates for O⁻ and O₂⁻ in the D Layer of the Ionosphere as Function of Solar Zenith Angle and Solar Activity.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 9 (4): 95–98. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-94202312
• Kozuma, Roger, Emmett Cox, Herbert Engel, Walter Greenwood, and Robert Hamann. 1983. Engineering Services in Support of the AFGL Sounding Rocket Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada131929
• Kramlikh, A. V., P. N. Nikolaev, and D. V. Rylko. 2023. “Onboard Two-Step Attitude Determination Algorithm for a SamSat-ION Nanosatellite.” Gyroscopy and Navigation 14 (2): 138–53. https://doi.org/10.1134/s2075108723020050
• Kräuchi, Andreas, and Rolf Philipona. 2016. “Return Glider Radiosonde for in-Situ Upper-Air Research Measurements.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-35
• Krause, Maya, and Jürgen Blum. 2004. “Growth and Form of Planetary Seedlings: Results from a Sounding Rocket Microgravity Aggregation Experiment.” Physical Review Letters 93 (2): 021103. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.93.021103
• Kraushaar, W. L. 1974. “Soft X-Ray Bremsstrahlung and Fluorescent Line Production in the Atmosphere by Low Energy Electrons.” In NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Workshop on Electron Contamination in X-ray Astronomy Expt.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020141
• Krebs, Richard P., and Clint E. Hart. 1959. Analysis of Flow-System Starting Dynamics of Turbopump-Fed Liquid-Propellant Rocket. NASA-MEMO-4-21-59E. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980232087
• Kreeger, Richard, Neil Walker, Richard Kreeger, and Neil Walker. 1997. “Supersonic Axial Stage Separation of an Unguided Rocket.” In 15th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1997-2250. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2250
• Kreidler, J. 1964. “Erosive Burning- New Experimental Techniques and Methods of Analysis.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-155. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-155
• Krein, T. 1973. “An Attitude Control System for a Stellar X-Ray Source Mapping Payload.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-291. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-291
• Krevor, Zachary, and Alan Wilhite. 2007. “An Approach for Calculating the Cost of Launch Vehicle Reliability.” In AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2007-9920. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-9920
• Krieger, R. 1980. “A Technique for Developing Low Drag Nose Shapes for Advanced Supersonic Missile Concepts.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-361. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-361
• Krieger, A. S., G. S. Vaiana, and L. P. Vanspeybroeck. 1970. X-Ray Photographs of the Sun on March 7, 1970. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700064314
• Krishna, Addepalli V. N. 2020. “Predicting and Improvising the Performance of Rocket Nozzle Throat Using Machine Learning Algorithms.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12 (SP4): 16–20. https://doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201461
• Krishnan, A., A. Przekwas, and K. Gross. 1992. “Computational Analysis of Liquid Hypergolic Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1552. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1552
• Krishnan, Subramaniam, and Jeenu Raghavan. 2024. “Stage Optimization and Trajectories.” In Rocket Propulsion Primer. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5644-5_5
• Kross, D., L. Kiefling, N. Murphy, and E. Rawls. 1983. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Initial Water Impact Loads and Dynamics: Analysis, Tests, and Flight Experience.” In 24th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1983-956. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-956
• Kross, D., and R. Webb. 1979. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Decelerator Subsystem Rocket Sled Test Program.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-437. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-437
• Kruczek, Nicholas E., Nicholas J. Nell, Kevin C. France, Patrick Behr, Emily Farr, and Stefan Ulrich. 2025. “The FLUID Sounding Rocket: Lyman Ultraviolet Imaging of Nearby Galaxies.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3064020
• Krueger, Arlin J. 1969. “Atmospheric Absorption Anomalies in the Ultraviolet near an Altitude of 50 Kilometers.” Science 166 (3908): 998–1000. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.166.3908.998
• Krumins, M. V. 1972. A Review of Sphere Drag Coefficients Applicable to Atmospheric Density Sensing. NASA-CR-126742. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720017345
• Kruse, R. 1965. “Laboratory Characterization of Solid Propellant Mechanical Properties.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-147. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-147
• Kruse, Hanna, Jubel Kurian, Margee Pipaliya, and Rohith Shenoy. 2023. “System Design Review (SDR): Concept Generation for a Cost Efficient, Super-Heavy Launch Vehicle.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-71414. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-71414
• Kryvoruka, J., and W. Ashurst. 1973. “Reentry Vehicle Finned Roll Rate Control: Aerodynamic and Flight Dynamic Analysis.” In 11th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1973-183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-183
• Kubal, T., Richard Arnold, T. Pourpoint, Osvaldo Campanella, and William Anderson. 2010b. “Rheological Characterization of Hydroxypropylcellulose/Monomethylhydrazine and\r\nSilica/Red Fuming Nitric Acid Gels.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-7140. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7140
• Kubal, Travis, E. Dambach, Steven Son, William Anderson, and Timothee Pourpoint. 2010a. “Aspects of Monomethylhydrazine and Red Fuming Nitric Acid Ignition.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6902
• Kubota, N., and J. Kimura. 1976. “Oscillatory Burning of High Pressure Exponent Double-Base Propellants.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-668. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-668
• Kuby, W. 1964. “The Internal Environment of a Solid Propellant Rocket Nozzle.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-158. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-158
• Kukushkin, V., and A. Ivanchenko. 1993. “The Pasty Propellant Rocket Engine Development.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1754. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1754
• Kulikov, Mikhail Yu., Mikhail V. Belikovich, Alexey G. Chubarov, Svetlana O. Dementyeva, and Alexander M. Feigin. 2024. “Technical Note: Nighttime OH and HO 2 Chemical Equilibria in the Mesosphere – Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-614
• Kulikov, Mikhail Yu., Mikhail V. Belikovich, Alexey G. Chubarov, and Alexander M. Feigin. 2022. “Retrieval of Daytime O and H Distributions at the Altitudes of the Mesosphere: Lower Thermosphere from Satellite Measurement Data.” In 28th International Symposium on Atmospheric and Ocean Optics: Atmospheric Physics, edited by Oleg A. Romanovskii, Gennadii G. Matvienko. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2645002
• Kulkarni, A., M. Kumar, and K. Kuo. 1980. “Review of Solid-Propellant Ignition Studies.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1210
• Kumar, G. Dinesh, and Abishek Garg Agarwal. 2024. “Design and Numerical Analysis of Double-Base Swirl Injector for Ethanol/Hydrogen-Peroxide Based Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-5100
• Kumar, Sushil, and Sandip K. Chakrabarti. 2010. “Tweek Atmospherics: Diagnostics Tools to Probe D-Region Ionosphere.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3512873
• Kumar, S., and W. B. Hanson. 1980. “The Morphology of Metallic Ions in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 85. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810032954
• Kumar, R. Krishna, and Clarke E. Hermance. 1971. Fundamental Processes in Solid Propellant Ignition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0730384
• Kumar, Sunil, Jens Oberheide, Jiarong Zhang, Nicholas Michael Pedatella, and Xian Lu. 2025b. “Linking Arctic Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.174643346.60278154/v1
• Kumar, Sunil, Jens Oberheide, Jiarong Zhang, Nicholas Michael Pedatella, and Xian Lu. 2025c. “Linking Long-Term Arctic Surface Variability and Changes in the Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/au.175693400.09542200/v1
• Kumar, Ashutosh, Rakesh Kumar Shukla, Kushagra S. Gusain, and Aakash Sadar. 2021. “Study of Effect of Mach Number on Coefficient of Drag of Sounding Rocket by Computational Method.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1104 (1): 012029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1104/1/012029
• Kumar, Laveet, and Ahmad Khalaf Sleiti. 2024. “Modeling and Analysis of Effect of Various Tank Geometries and Relief Pressure on Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) Boil-Off Losses.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.46855/energy-proceedings-11076
• Kumar, Mrinal, Yifei Sun, and Siddharth S. Thakur. 2014. “On the Stochastic Modeling of Subcritical Primary Atomization in Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0312. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0312
• Kundu, Rohan, Parthasarathi Ghosh, and Pavitra Sandilya. 2026. “A Numerical Investigation on the Applicability of Various Rate Qquations to Predict Boil-Off Characteristics of Liquid Cryogens.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7223918
• Kunhardt, E. E. 1993. “Space Power Experiments aboard Rockets.” In The Behavior of Systems in the Space Environment. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2048-7_27
• Kunz, C. H. 1967. Altitude Developmental Testing of the J-2 Rocket Engine in Propulsion Engine Test Cell (J-4) (Test J4-1801-03). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0824527
• Kuo, T.-J. 1966. D-Region Probe Theory and Experiment Scientific Report No. 285. NASA-CR-80374. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670003667
• Kuo, K., R. Kokal, M. Paulauskas, P. Alaksin, and L. Lee. 1993. “Flame-Spreading Phenomena in the Fin-Slot Region of a Solid Rocket Motor.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2310
• Kurdyaeva, Yuliya A., Olga P. Borchevkina, and С. П. Кшевецкий. 2020. Modeling the Propagation of Atmospheric Waves from Various Tropospheric Disturbances and Studying Their Influence on the Upper Atmosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-459
• Kurdyaeva, Yuliya, Sergey Kulichkov, Sergey Kshevetskii, Olga Borchevkina, and Elena Golikova. 2019. “Propagation to the Upper Atmosphere of Acoustic-Gravity Waves from Atmospheric Fronts in the Moscow Region.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-16
• Kurniawan, Bobi. 2019. “Contrast Stretching Method for CMUcam 3 Camera and Histogram Equalization Method for Rocket Payload Ground Station.” Telekontran: Jurnal Ilmiah Telekomunikasi, Kendali dan Elektronika Terapan 1 (1): 7. https://doi.org/10.34010/telekontran.v1i1.1559
• Kurzke, Joachim, and Ian Halliwell. 2018. “Gas Properties and Standard Atmosphere.” In Propulsion and Power. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75979-1_14
• Kurzke, Joachim, Ian Halliwell, and Robert Hill. 2025. “Gas Properties and Standard Atmosphere.” In Propulsion and Power. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-65026-0_20
• Kushnarenko, Galina, Galina Kuznetsova, and Olga Yakovleva. 2022. “Daytime Electron Density at Ionospheric F1-Layer Heights during Geomagnetic Storms (Irkutsk).” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8 (1): 58–61. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-81202207
• Kutepov, Alexander A., Artem Feofilov, L. Rezac, and Konstantinos S. Kalogerakis. 2026. New Model of the 15 µm Cooling of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-13388
• Kutin, M., and M. Kutin. 1997. “Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment (LASRE) Rocket Engine.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3319
• Kutter, Bernard. 2006. “Commercial Launch Services: An Enabler for Launch Vehicle Evolution and Cost Reduction.” In Space 2006. AIAA 2006-7271. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7271
• Kuznetsov, N. 1993. “Closed-Cycle Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1956. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1956
• Kuznetsov, S. I. 2002. “Quasi-Periodic X-Ray Oscillations in the Source Scorpius X-1.” Astronomy Letters 28 (12): 811–20. https://doi.org/10.1134/1.1525832
• Kvifte, G. 1973. “Alkali Chemistry Problems of the Upper Atmosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_16
• Kwak, Dochan, and Cetin C. Kiris. 2010. “Simulation of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Subsystem.” In Scientific Computation. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0193-9_6
• Kwan, Wiehan, and Ralf Stark. 2002. “Flow Separation Phenomena in Subscale Rocket Nozzles.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4229. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4229
• Kwon, Oh-Sung, Byung-Hun Kim, In-Hyun Cho, and Youngsung Ko. 2010. “Required Pressurant Mass for Cryogenic Propellant Tank with Pressurant Temperature Variation.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 38 (12): 1202–8. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2010.38.12.1202
• Kyrölä, E., and T. Summanen. 1996. “Solar Wind Observations by Lyman Alpha.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 382. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.51351
• L’Heureux, J. 1987. “Computational Solution for the Free Surface in a Propellant Tank.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2020. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2020
• LaBelle, James. 2003. Sounding of the Ion Energization Region: Resolving Ambiguities. Dartmouth Coll. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030055633
• LaBotz, R. J., and R. L. Ewen. 1982. “Thrust Chamber Technology for Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Rocket Engines.” In Space Mankind’s Fourth Environment. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-028708-9.50040-3
• Lach, C. 1989. “Evaluation of the Resiliency Characteristics of Several Candidate Solid Rocket Booster O-Ring Materials.” In 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1989-1353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1353
• Lacombe, Alain, Thierry Pichon, and Marc Lacoste. 2009. “3D Carbon-Carbon Composites Are Revolutionizing Upper Stage Liquid Rocket Engine Performance by Allowing Introduction of Large Nozzle Extension.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2009-2678. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2678
• Lacovic, R. 1977. Propellant Management Report for the Titan Centaur TC-5 Extended Mission. NASA-TM-73749. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770026288
• Ladanyi, Dezso J. 1952. Ignition Delay Experiments with Small-Scale Rocket Engine at Simulated Altitude Conditions Using Various Fuels with Nitric Acid Oxidants / Dezso J. Ladanyi. NACA-RM-E51J01. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086908
• Ladner, Pat, and Jess Sponable. 1992. “Single-Stage-Rocket Technology: Program Status and Opportunities.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1382. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1382
• LaGow, H. E., and R. Horowitz. 1958. “Comparison of High-Altitude Rocket and Satellite Density Measurements.” Physics of Fluids 1 (6): 478–79. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1724370
• Laithier, Frederic, Andre Beaurain, Jean-Louis Thomas, and Vianney Duthoit. 1999. “Upper Stage Storable Propellant 100 kN Engine Power Pack.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2602. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2602
• Lak, Tibor, Mai Nguyen, and Susan Hauver. 1990. “Fixed Orifice Pressurization System for the Space Shuttle LO2 Tank.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2350. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2350
• Lam, Quang, Parimal Pal, Raymond Welch, and Walter Grossman. 1996. “Magnetometer Based Attitude Determination System Using a Reduced Order Kalman Filter.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-3629. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3629
• Lambert, W. L., E. J. Mastrolia, and J. D. McConnell. 1974. Determination of Failure Limits for Sterilizable Solid Rocket Motor. NASA-CR-143251. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750020040
• Lamy, H., H. Lamy, and Joachim Balis. 2023. Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Wind Speed Determination Using Data from the Radio Forward Scatter BRAMS Network. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-7032
• Lancisi, Mark, and Paul Spas. 1996. “Structural Dynamics Developments for Single Stage Rocket Technology.” In Dynamics Specialists Conference. AIAA 1996-1196. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1196
• Landers, Michael, Les Hall, and Lamar Auman. 2000. “Aerodynamic Predictions of Pitch and Roll Control for Canard-Controlled Missiles.” In 18th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2000-4516. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4516
• Lands, Jack, Jr. 1966. “Development of a Terminal Landing Rocket System for Apollo-Type Vehicle.” In Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1966-1523. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1523
• Lane, J. H., V. M. Maksimovic, C. C. G. Edgar, and B. R. Payne. 1982. Black Brant X: The Low Cost Development of an Advanced Sounding Rocket System. AIAA PAPER 82-1741. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064515
• Lane, J. H., and E. E. Mayo. 1980. “Recent Sounding Rocket Highlights and a Concept for Melding Sounding Rocket and Space Shuttle Activities.” In ESA European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Res.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810002426
• Lane, J. H., and E. J. Redman. 1970. “Postflight Analysis Including Six-Degree-of- Freedom Trajectory Simulation of the Behavior of an Aerobee 350 Sounding Rocket in the Presence of a Very Large Thrust Misalignment.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032966
• Lang, V. I. 1991. Relaxation Processes of Vibrationally Excited H2O in the Mesosphere and Thermosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada241853
• Langel, G., G. Obermaier, G. Taubenberger, and R. Pierro. 1998. “Technology Demonstration for Advanced Storable Propellant Turbopump Engine.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3677. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3677
• Langhenry, M., and J. Parks. 1991. “Reconstruction of Flight Specific Impulse for Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2428. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2428
• Langill, A., Jr. 1965. “Solid Rocket Motor Specific Impulse Correlation: Captive Test Data to Flight Test Results.” In Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1965-205. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-205
• Langowski, Martin, Christian von Savigny, J. P. Burrows, et al. 2016. “Retrieval of Sodium Number Density Profiles in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from SCIAMACHY Limb Emission Measurements.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 9 (1): 295–311. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-9-295-2016
• Lankford, D. 1987. “Application of CONCHAS-SPRAY to Rocket Nozzle Analysis.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2129. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2129
• Lankford, D., M. Simmons, and B. Heikkinen. 1992. “A Detailed Numerical Simulation of a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engineground Test Experiment.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3604. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3604
• Lant, Christian T., Terry V. Reid, William B. Dial, et al. 2008. “Zero Boil-Off Tank Experiment to Characterize Pressure Control Behavior in Microgravity.” In Earth & Space 2008. American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/40988(323)94
• Lapidus, I. Richard. 1970. “Motion of a Pulsed Rocket.” American Journal of Physics 38 (11): 1361–62. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1976113
• Lapilli, Gabriel. 2015. “Characterization of Elastomeric Diaphragm Motion within a Spacecraft Propellant Tank.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4075. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4075
• “Large Eddy Simulation of Combustion Instability in a Subcritical Hydrogen Peroxide/kerosene Liquid Rocket Engine: Intermittency Route to Period-2 Thermoacoustic Instability.” 2023. Physics of Fluids 35 (6): 065145. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0151462
• “Large-Scale Hybrid Motor Testing.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0513.0552
• Laroche, E., M. Habibbalah, and P. Kuentzmann. 2000. “Numerical Analysis of Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability: Preliminary 3D Acoustic Calculations.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3497. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3497
• Larsen, Harold. 1967. “Aerodynamic Design Considerations and Wind Tunnel Test of a High Altitude Air Sampler.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1310
• Larsen, T. Røed. 1980. “Effects of Ionospheric Disturbances on High Latitude Radio Wave Propagation.” In Exploration of the Polar Upper Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-8417-2_37
• Larson, Jerry, and Robert A. Corwin. 2013. “SpaceLoft XL Sounding Rocket Recovery System Development.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1311. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1311
• Larson, Erik, and David Stapleton. 2007. “Unique Considerations for Public Risk Analysis of Piloted Reusable Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6637. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6637
• Laštovička, Jan. 2011. “Long-Term Trends in the Upper Atmosphere – Recent Progress.” In Aeronomy of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_30
• Laštovička, Jan. 2023. “Progress in Investigating Long-Term Trends in the Mesosphere, Thermosphere and Ionosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-302
• Lastovicka, J., and P. Triska. 1974. “Solar Lyman Alpha Control of the A3 Ionospheric Absorption on 2775 kHz.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-044
• Latimer, J., J. Mazzotta, and R. Proctor. 1965. Photography of Chemiluminescent Studies of Upper Atmosphere Wind Phenomena. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021670
• Laudadio, J. F. 1972. Prediction of Pressure Fluctuation in Sounding Rockets and Manifolded Recovery Systems. NASA-TM-X-65991. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730018154
• Laudadio, J. F. 1973. “Prediction of Pressure Fluctuation in Sounding Rockets and Manifolded Recovery Systems.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038404
• “The Launch Loop: A Low Cost Earth-to-High-Orbit Launch System.” 1985. In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1368. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1368
• “Launch Vehicle and Payload Environments: Vibration, Shock, Acoustic, and Thermal Issues.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0669.0712
• “Launch Vehicle Dynamics.” n.d. In Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69203-4_5
• “Launch Vehicle Financial Analysis and Project Management.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0975.1022
• “Launch Vehicle Stress Analysis.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0623.0668
• Lavier, H. W. 1955. Air Permeability of Parachute Cloths. Part 3. Effect of Loading on Elastic Properties of Parachute Cloths without Air Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0062924
• Lavy, Akiva, and Ora Bialik. 1988. “Evaluation of Measurement Errors in Rocket Motor Tests.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3108. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3108
• Lawden, Derek F. 1958. “The Employment of Aerodynamic Forces to Obtain Maximum Range of a Rocket Missile.” Aeronautical Quarterly 9 (2): 97–109. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001925900001335
• Lawhead, R. B., and L. P. Combs. 1963. “Modeling Techniques for Liquid Propellant Rocket Combustion Processes.” In Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2759-7.50105-9
• Lawrence, J. T. 1965. Some Aspects of the Flight Dynamics of the Aerobee 350 in Region of Pitch-Roll Coupling. NASA-TM-X-55236. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021461
• Lawrence, T., R. Beshears, S. Burlingame, et al. 2001. “Fabrication of Composite Combustion Chamber/Nozzle for Fastrac Engine.” In Proceedings of the 4th Conference on Aerospace Materials, Processes, and Environmental Technology. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010067249
• Lawver, B., D. Rousar, and W. Boyd. 1984. “Ignition Characterization of the GOX/ethanol Propellant Combination.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1467
• Layachi, Hemza, Mohamed Amine Bennaceur, Khaled Teffah, and Hatem Houhou. 2025. “Multi-Criteria Conceptual Design Analysis of Single Stage Suborbital Launch Vehicle.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 17: e1425. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v17.1374
• Layfield, B., and M. Carpenter. 1995. “Monte Carlo Technique for Developing Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Parachute Loads.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1582. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1582
• Layzer, D. 1967. Gravity Shock Waves and Stratification in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670042257
• Le, Vu Dan Thanh, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Lac Hong Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh Dang, Ngoc Doan Tran, and Jae-Hung Han. 2021. “Effectiveness Analysis of Spin Motion in Reducing Dispersion of Sounding Rocket Flight Due to Thrust Misalignment.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 22 (5): 1194–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-021-00383-x
• Le Ban, Huu, and Pavel Konečný. 2021. “Effect of Some Disturbance Factors on Falling Point Distribution of Unguided Rocket.” Advances in Military Technology 16 (2): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.3849/aimt.01446
• Leadbetter, S. A., W. Stephens, J. L. Sewall, J. W. Majka, and J. R. Barret. 1976. “Vibration Characteristics of 1/8-Scale Dynamic Models of the Space-Shuttle Solid-Rocket Boosters.” In Shock and Vibration Symp.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760016541
• Leathe, Nicholas. 2018. NASA Sounding Rocket Payload. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/1416483
• LeBlanc, Edgar J. 1981. Design and Fabrication of Quadrupole Ion Mass Spectrometer for Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada104319
• Lebsock, K. 1978. “High Pointing Accuracy with a Momentum Bias Attitude Control System.” In 7th Communications Satellite Systems Conference. AIAA 1978-569. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-569
• Lechniak, Jason A., Christopher C. Chinske, Ryan W. Carr, and Timothy R. Jorris. 2015. “Calculating Expectation of Casualty for Hypersonic Reusable Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2015-1908. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1908
• LeClair, Andre, and Alok Majumdar. n.d. “Nodal Modeling of Helium Pressurization and Autogenous Pressurization and Draining Using a Multi-Node-Ullage Approach.” In AIAA SciTech Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240015892
• Lee, Roland E. 1963. Heat Transfer to the Throat Region of a Solid Propellant Rocket Nozzle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0406455
• Lee, Roland E. 1964. Measurements and Correlation of Heat Transfer in a Solid Propellant Rocket Nozzle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0614626
• Lee, L. H. N. 1968. “Discussion: ‘Free-Edge Plastic Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells’ (Batterman, S. C., 1968, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 35, Pp. 73–79).” Journal of Applied Mechanics 35 (3): 621–22. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3601273
• Lee, C. 1984. “Experimental Investigation of Full-Scale and Model Parachute Opening.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-820. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-820
• Lee, Calvin. 1993. “Radial Reefing Method for Accelerated and Controlled Parachute Opening.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1209
• Lee, Hobin. 2009. “Ignition Delay Investigation in a Pyrotechnic Cartridge with Loosely-Packed Propellant Grains.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5191. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5191
• Lee, Changjin. 2012. “Internal Flow Dynamics and Regression Rate in Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 13 (4): 507–14. https://doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2012.13.4.507
• Lee, Taeyoung. 2019. “Spacecraft Attitude Estimation with a Single Magnetometer Using Matrix Fisher Distributions on SO(3).” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1173. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1173
• Lee, Yongseon. 2020. “Measuring the Attitude of a Spin-Stabilized Projectile Using Solar/Geomagnetic Sensors.” Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 23 (6): 565–73. https://doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2020.23.6.565
• Lee, Kihwan. 2023. “Study on Localization of Main Noise Sources in an Exhaust Plume of a Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 27 (3): 1. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2023.27.3.001
• Lee, Alexander. 2026. “Assessment of Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine Pressure Measurement Methods.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-114331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-114331
• Lee, Jeongsub, Sungyong An, and Sejin Kwon. 2008. “Development of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Utilizing Hydrogen Peroxide as a Monopropellant.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5110. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5110
• Lee, Seong-Jin, Joseph Conner, and Andrew Arena. 2014. “Aspects of Autonomous Recovery System for High Altitude Payloads by Using a Parafoil.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2014-2555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2555
• Lee, Donald H., and David D. Evans. 1963. The Development of a Heated-Hybrid Generated Gas Pressurization System for Propellant Tanks. JPL-TR-32-375. Jet Propulsion Laboratory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004607
• Lee, Kwang-Jin, Yeoung-Min Han, Jong-Gyu Kim, and Hwan-Seok Choi. 2012. “A Study on the Ignition Characteristics of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber with Regenerative Cooling.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 16 (6): 73–78. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2012.16.6.073
• Lee, Y., and W. Henricks. 1985. “A STS Vibroacoustics Payload Environment Prediction System.” In Shuttle Environment and Operations II Conference. AIAA 1985-7009. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-7009
• Lee, Ingyu, Gijeong Jeong, and Youngbin Yoon. 2021. “Effects of Deflectors in Liquid-Liquid Pintle Injector with Various Momentum Ratio.” International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS) 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.2218/iclass.2021.5961
• Lee, Deok Jin, Yoon-Hwan Kim, and Jang-Seong Park. 2020a. “A Study on Algorithms of Statistical Estimation for Rocket Break-up Dispersion Area and Ground Impact Location.” Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 57 (12): 90–104. https://doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2020.57.12.90
• Lee, Dongeun, and Changjin Lee. 2015. “Fuel-Rich Combustion Characteristics of Hybrid Rocket Engine.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3828. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3828
• Lee, Keum-Oh, Byoungjik Lim, Dae-Jin Kim, Moongeun Hong, and Keejoo Lee. 2020b. “Technology Trends in Additively Manufactured Small Rocket Engines for Launcher Applications.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 24 (2): 73. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2020.24.2.073
• Lee, Su-Ji, In-Sang Moon, Il-Yoon Moon, and Seong-Up Ha. 2015. “Combustion Test of Oxidizer-Rich Single Triplex Injector Preburner for Staged Combustion Cycle Rocket Engine.” In Volume 1A: Symposia, Part 2. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-09287
• Lee, Jungpyo, Heejang Moon, Honggye Sung, and Jinkon Kim. 2011. “Combustion Characteristics of Initial Port Diameter Variation of Solid Fuel in Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5754. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5754
• Lee, Kyounghwan, Seonghyeon Park, Hongjae Kang, and Jongkwang Lee. 2022a. “Non-Ignition Evaluation Method for Hypergolic Propellant Using Microreactor.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 26 (2): 20. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2022.26.2.020
• Lee, Minsoo, Minkyu Shin, Jeongyeol Cha, Jaebong Lee, Youngyun Jung, and Youngsung Ko. 2024b. “A Study on the Change in the Consumption of Pressurant Gas According to the Pressurization Speed of the Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 52 (9): 741–47. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2024.52.9.741
• Lee, Chang-Min, Chang-Hoon Sim, and Jae-Sang Park. 2023. “Thermal Insulation Performance Comparison Using Boil-Off Mass and Boil-Off Rate for Common Bulkhead Structures of Space Launch Vehicles.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 51 (4): 227–34. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2023.51.4.227
• Lee, Sook, Taek-joon Son, Sang-Min Choi, and Jin-Hyo Bae. 2022b. “Study on Deriving the Buckling Knockdown Factor of a Common Bulkhead Propellant Tank.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 26 (3): 10. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2022.26.3.010
• Lee, S. K., and E. V. Wilms. 1961. Analysis of Missile Launchers. Part j. Phase 1 (Four Degree of Freedom Multiple Launcher). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0268435
• Lee, Gil-Yong, and Woong-Sup Yoon. 2002. “Direct Prediction of Liquid Rocket Combustion Instabilities with Emphasis Placed on Velocity- and Pressure-Coupled Responses.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3698. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3698
• Lee-Glauser, Gina, and Goodarz Ahmadi. 1993. “Vibration Isolation of a Launch Vehicle Payload and Its Subsystem.” In 34th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1993-1598. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1598
• Leendertse, J. J. 1961. Wave-Induced Motions of a Rocket Vehicle Drifting in a Vertical Attitude. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0252880
• Legostaeva, Yuliya, Alexei Shindin, and Savely Grach. 2022. “Response of Ionospheric Electron Density Profile to the Action of Powerful HF Radio-Wave Radiation.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8 (3): 69–75. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-83202211
• Leighton, Russell A. 1982. Quick-Look Structural Analysis Techniques for Solid Rocket Propellant Grains. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada119841
• Leite Filho, W. C., J. Guimaraes, and L. Galembeck. 2017. “MIMO Attitude Control for a Spinning Rocket.” In Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65283-2_31
• Lemberger, B., C. Patanchon, Y. Deniges, and J. Sauvel. 1991. “Inner View of Solid Rocket Motor during Static Firing.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-1949. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1949
• Lemoine, L. 1975. “Solid Rocket Nozzle Thermostructural Behavior.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1339
• LeMoyne, R. 2005. “Fundamental Multidisciplinary Thrust to Weight Ratio Optimization of a Diverging Conical Nozzle.” In AIAA/CIRA 13th International Space Planes and Hypersonics Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2005-3205. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3205
• LeMoyne, Robert. 2006. “Fundamental Trajectory Averaged Multidisciplinary Thrust to Weight Ratio Optimization of a Diverging Conical Nozzle.” In 14th AIAA/AHI Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2006-7995. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7995
• LeMoyne, Robert. 2008. “Multidisciplinary Cost and Performance Optimization of a Two Stage Liquid Propulsion Based Launch Vehicle.” In 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2008-2642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2642
• Leng, Xiangwen, Xu Zhang, Bo Li, and Lin Shao. 2016. “The Analysis of the Dispersion Characteristic of Impact Point Sequence Coordinates with Armament Projecting on Fixed Targets.” In Proceedings of the 2016 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence: Technologies and Applications. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icaita-16.2016.68
• Leonard, John W., Michael L. Accorsi, and Christopher H. M. Jenkins. 1999. New Structural Model for Parachute Inflation Simulations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada370098
• Lerner, G., and M. Shuster. 1979. “Magnetometer Bias Determination and Attitude Determination for near-Earth Spacecraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1695. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1695
• Lesieutre, Daniel J. 2017. “Prediction of Sparrow Missile Aerodynamic Characteristics with a Nonlinear Engineering Level Missile Prediction Method.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3399
• Lesieutre, Daniel, Michael Mendenhall, and Marnix Dillenius. 1988. “Prediction of Induced Roll on Conventional Missiles with Cruciform Fin Sections.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-529. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-529
• Lessey, Joseph. 1989. “Evolution of Solid Rocket Booster Component Testing.” In Maintainablity of Aerospace Systems Symposium. AIAA 1989-5045. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-5045
• Lettau, Heinz. 1951. “Diffusion in the Upper Atmosphere.” In Compendium of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-70-9_27
• Levi, Saar, David Peles, Syamantak Nath, Keren Mizrahi, and Joseph K. Lefkowitz. 2026. “Combustion of Hypergolic Hybrid Rocket Fuel in Hydrogen Peroxide Spray Environment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2870. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2870
• Levin, D., G. Candler, R. Collins, P. Erdman, and E. Zipf. 1991. “Comparison of Theory with Experiment for the Bow Shock Ultraviolet Rocket Flight.” In 26th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1991-1411. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1411
• Levin, Deborah A., Leonard H. Caveny, and David M. Mann. 1993. “Ultraviolet Emissions Quantified by Rocket Payloads.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1764, edited by Robert E. Huffman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.140868
• Levine, H. G., J. E. Ball, D. Shultz, et al. 2009. “The Fastrack Suborbital Platform for Microgravity Applications.” In European Low Gravity Research Association (ELGRA) 2009 Biennial Symposium and General Assembly. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130012561
• Levine, A., R. Petre, G. C. Smith, K. D. Evans, D. Rolf, and S. Rappaport. 1979. X-Ray Images of Puppis a and IC 443. Massachusetts Inst. of Tech. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790043694
• Levoe, Clarence E., David McA. Mason, and J. B. Rittenhouse. 1957. “Inhibiting Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid in Fuming Nitric Acid on Corrosion of Austenitic Chromium-Nickel Steels.” CORROSION 13 (5): 51–58. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-13.5.51
• Levy, A. 1968. “Trends and Developments in Solid Rocket Motor Materials.” In 3rd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1968-503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-503
• Lewak, John. 1967. “The Application of a Fin-Flare Combination for Stabilizing the Upper Stage of a Two-Stage Vehicle.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1314. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1314
• Lewandowski, E. M. 1992. “New Apparatus for Captive Model Testing of Submerged Bodies in Coning Motion.” In SNAME 23rd American Towing Tank Conference. SNAME. https://doi.org/10.5957/attc-1992-030
• Lewis, B. W., C. S. Stokes, E. W. Smith, and W. J. Murphy. 1974. Rocket Having Barium Release System to Create Ion Clouds in the Upper Atmosphere. Patent Number: US-PATENT-3,813,875. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740019247
• Leyser, Thomas B., Tima Sergienko, Urban Brändström, Björn Gustavsson, and Michael T. Rietveld. 2023. “On Mechanisms for HF Pump-Enhanced Optical Emissions at 557.7 and 630.0 Nm from Atomic Oxygen in the High-Latitude F-Region Ionosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2023-21
• Leyser, T. B., Tima Sergienko, Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Tomoe Taki, and Urban Brändström. 2026. “Thermospheric Shock Waves and Lensing of Light in the Barium Release, Optical and Radio Rocket Experiment.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2925
• Lezcano, Kevin F., Elio Lezcano, Liz Monges, Jesus Bobadilla, Marcos Denis, and Jorge H. Kurita. 2022. “Two-Speed Parachute Design Applied to Medium Payload, a Case Study.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2736. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2736
• Li, De Ying. 2012. “Design and Implementation of a Rocket Launcher with Improved High Speed & Accuracy.” Advanced materials research 466-467: 1334–38. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.466-467.1334
• Li, Kai, and Gang Chen. 2019. “Analysis of Parachute Recovery Process for UAV Based on Launch Rocket.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 569 (3): 032066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/569/3/032066
• Li, Lian-Bo, Tao Chen, Wei-Xuan Li, and Rong-Fu Yu. 2023a. “Comparative Study on Ignition Delay Time and Burning Rate of Modified Double-Base Propellant and Fuel-Rich Propellant.” Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 95 (3): e20220762. https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320220762
• Li, Na, Jinsong Chen, Xiaobin Wang, Zhimei Tang, and Zonghua Ding. 2023g. Variations of Tidal Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere over China Region. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12901
• Li, Zheng, Xiang Chen, Hua Zhang, Jingyuan Li, and Yanan Sun. 2026c. “The Prediction of Short-Term Atmospheric Density in Lower Thermosphere.” Space Weather 24 (4): e2025SW004896. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025sw004896
• Li, Lianbo, Tao Chen, Leying Zhang, and Yan Liu. 2019b. “Study on Ignition Delay Time of Al/Mg Fuel-Rich Propellant under Tangential Air Flow.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 332 (3): 032036. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/332/3/032036
• Li, Yue, and Cheng Cheng. 2024. “Comparison of the Flow Field and Thrust Characteristics of Solid Rocket Motor with Conventional Nozzle and Canted Nozzle.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8048-2_268
• Li, Yi, Thino Eggers, and Bodo Reimann. 2012a. “A Dynamics Study for the Hot Stage Separation of a Multistage Rocket with a Coupled CFD Flight Mechanics Approach.” In 18th AIAA/3AF International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2012-5820. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5820
• Li, Qian, Wei Gao, and Jiubin Tan. 2016a. “Justification of General Procedure of Optimizing Algorithms under Pure Coning Motion.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (1): 117–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2014-0143
• Li, Hancheng, Benjiamin Garcia, Nicolas Produit, and Roland Walter. 2025e. “Progress of the Cosmic X-Ray Background Explorer (CXBe) Project.” In Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2025). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.0728
• Li, Baoquan, Haitao Li, Sizhong Zhou, and Bo Jiang. 2013. “The Lyman-Alpha Imager Onboard Solar Polar Orbit Telescope.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9042, edited by Yongtian Wang, Xiaocong Yuan, Yunlong Sheng, Kimio Tatsuno. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2035494
• Li, Minghao, Jiuqi Liu, Youhua Ye, et al. 2025b. Design of a Reusable Suborbital Rocket Payload Module Based on Parachute Recovery Technology. https://doi.org/10.52202/083092-0025
• Li, Chunlai, Jianyong Lu, and Jingyuan Li. 2023f. “Variation in the Longitude-Latitude Distribution and Latitude-Altitude Distribution of OI 135.6 Nm Airglow during Magnetic Storms.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 43 (5): 807. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2023.05.2023-0022
• Li, Mingliang, Yulu Peng, Mei Zhao, Xiaobo Yang, and Sheng Wang. 2022c. “Research on Rocket Telemetry Image Classification Based on CNN.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2283 (1): 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2283/1/012012
• Li, Hancheng, Nicolas Produit, and Roland Walter. 2021b. “Measuring the Cosmic X-Ray Background Accurately.” In Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2021). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.395.0589
• Li, Wenbin, Ping Ren, and Hu Zhang. 2026b. “In-Situ Measurement of Internal Wall Heat Flux in Solid Rocket Motor and Numerical Assessment of Sensor-Induced Measurement Uncertainty.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7162268
• Li, Xie, Geshi Tang, Zheng Li, Cuilan Li, and Shushi Liu. 2014d. “A Method of Calibrating Thermosphere Density Based on Temperature Parameters.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 34 (6): 830. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2014.06.830
• Li, Hancheng, Roland Walter, Nicolas Produit, and Fiona Hubert. 2022a. “Measuring the Cosmic X-Ray Background Accurately.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2151283/v1
• Li, Ke Yong, Fenfen Xiong, Cheng Zhang, and Shi Shi Chen. 2012b. “Range Prediction and Trajectory Correction of Long Range Rocket with Attitude Stabilization.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 232: 299–304. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.299
• Li, Xuefeng, Fan Xu, and Guoqiang Xu. 2022b. “Multistage Rocket Trajectory Re-Planning.” In Navigation: Science and Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4637-0_7
• Li, Geng, Zhan Zhong, Peng Chena, et al. 2024. “Experimental Study of the Low-Pressure Hypergolic Limit of Hydrogen Peroxide/Catalytic Fuel.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5037469
• Li, Jing, and Changsheng Zhou. 2024. “The Effect of the Stress Equilibrium Factor on the Composite Case of the Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2764 (1): 012099. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2764/1/012099
• Liang, P., R. Jensen, and Y. Chang. 1986. “Numerical Analysis of SSME Preburner Injector Atomization and Combustion Processes.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-454. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-454
• Liang, Yan-Ping, Shixue Liang, Zhiqiang Wan, and Xiaodan Ren. 2026. “Influence of Random Geometric Imperfection Morphology on Localized Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics: S0219455428500460. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455428500460
• Liang, Linna, Ye Zhong, Jiamin Chen, Jianguo Zhang, Tonglai Zhang, and Zhimin Li. 2022a. “Energetic Bimetallic MOF: A Promising Promoter for Ionic Liquid Hypergolic Ignition.” Inorganic Chemistry 61 (37): 14864–70. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c02479
• Liberto, Ralph R. 1961. Storable Propellant Data for the Titan II Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0263328
• “Lidar Complex of a Small Station of High-Altitude Atmosphere Sounding of IAO SB RAS.” 2020. Оптика атмосферы и океана, no. 5. https://doi.org/10.15372/aoo20200510
• Liechty, Derek. 2005. “Aeroheating Characteristics for a Two-Stage-To-Orbit Concept during Separation at Mach 6.” In 35th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-5139. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5139
• Lieske, Robert F., and Joseph W. Kochenderfer. 1966. Determination of Performance Parameters for Fin-Stabilized Free-Flight Missiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0809790
• Liggett, Mark W., and Gerald R. Karr. 1994. “Liquid Hydrogen Microgravity Flight Experiment Concept.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2522-6_24
• Lightner, Jeremiah A., and Morris B. Cohen. 2024. Broadband Scattering off the HAARP-Disturbed D-Region Ionosphere. https://doi.org/10.46620/ursiatrasc24/iuaj1117
• “Lightning Effects in the Middle and Upper Atmosphere.” 2003. In Lightning. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107340886.015
• Lilienthal, Friederike, Erdal Yiğit, Nadja Samtleben, and Christoph Jacobi. 2020. “Interaction of Small-Scale Gravity Waves with the Terdiurnal Solar Tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-2019-339
• Lin, T. 1978. “Numerical Study of Re-Entry Vehicle Aerodynamics in Steady Coning Motion.” In 4th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1978-1358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1358
• Lin, Xianyou. 1989. “Rocket-Boosted Test for a Ribbon Parachute.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-890. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-890
• Lin, R. P. 1990. “Cosmic and Solar Gamma-Ray x-Ray and Particle Measurements from High Altitude Balloons in Antarctica.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 198. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.39002
• Lin, R. P. 1998. “Solar Flare Particles.” In From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/sp050p0091
• Lin, C., and H. Chiu. 1995. “Numerical Analysis of Spray Combustion in Hybrid Rocket.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2687. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2687
• Lin, C., and M. Hasan. 1992. “Self-Pressurization of a Spherical Liquid Hydrogen Storage Tank in Amicrogravity Environment.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-363
• Lin, T., L. Sproul, and R. Muskat. 1995. “Persistent Roll Resonance Induced by missile/RV Aeroelastic Behavior.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-65. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-65
• Lin, Wei-Che, and Gregory Young. 2023. “Hypergolic Ignition of Solid Fuels with Reactive Additives Using Hydrogen Peroxide.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 22 (6): 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2023048649
• Lin, Wei-Che, and Gregory Young. 2025a. “Experimental Study of Polyethylene-Based Hypergolic Solid Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide in a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5363928
• Lind, D. L., and N. McIlwraith. 1965. The Pressure Profile of a Rocket Payload after Nose-Cone Ejection. NASA-TN-D-2964. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021135
• Lindemann, F. A., and Gordon M. B. Dobson. 1923. “The High Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 111 (2782): 256–256. https://doi.org/10.1038/111256c0
• Linder, Björn, Peter Preusse, Qiuyu Chen, et al. 2024. “Scale Separation for Gravity Wave Analysis from 3D Temperature Observations in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) Region.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 17 (12): 3829–41. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-17-3829-2024
• Lindley, Taylor J., and Hunter Burch. 2026. VLF Magnetic Field Receiver Design for Sounding Rocket Missions. https://doi.org/10.46620/ursigass26/cunj7528
• Lindsay, E. E., and D. H. Fikes. 1976. Experimental Results from a Static Stability and Pressure Test of the Minuteman Instrumented Payload Delivery System Launch Vehicle Configuration at Mach Numbers from 1.6 to 5.0. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb014423
• Lindsay, E. Earl, and J. L. Jordan. 1975. Experimental Static Stability Studies of Several Tactical Missile Configurations at Mach Numbers from 1.76 to 3.01. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada009137
• Lindsey, G., and M. Williams. 1964. “Structural Integrity of an Ablating Rocket Subjected to Axial Acceleration.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-151
• Lindzen, Richard S. 1968. “Lower Atmospheric Energy Sources for the Upper Atmosphere.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_6
• “Linear Acoustic Gains and Losses in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1964. In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-134
• Lingard, David Mark. n.d. “A Study of Wind Measurement in the D-Region of the Ionosphere.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/366378
• Lingard, J. 1984. “A Semi-Empirical Theory to Predict the Load-Time History of an Inflating Parachute.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-814. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-814
• Lingard, J. 1995. “The Effects of Added Mass on Parachute Inflation Force Coefficients.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1561. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1561
• Lingard, John, and Matt Darley. 2005. “Simulation of Parachute Fluid Structure Interaction in Supersonic Flow.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1607. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1607
• Lingard, John, Matt Darley, John Underwood, and Glen Brown. 2007. “Simulation of the Mars Science Laboratory Parachute Performance and Dynamics.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2507. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2507
• Lingard, J. S., Arrun Saunders, John C. Underwood, Steven Rogers, James Merrifield, and Luca Ferracina. 2017. “Supersonic Parachute Testing Using a MAXUS Sounding Rocket Piggy-Back Payload.” In 24th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2017-3724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3724
• Lingenfelter, Richard E. 1994. “Solar Flare Neutrons and Gamma Rays.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 294. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.45204
• Liou, K., Larry J. Paxton, Yongliang Zhang, and Robert Schaefer. 2023. Doppler Shifted Auroral Lyman-Alpha Spectra Observed by DMSP/SSUSI. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-8308
• Lipanov, A. M., L. N. Kolesnikova, and A. Yu. Leshchev. 2020. “On the Effectiveness of Using the Real Law of Solid Propellant Burning Rate as a Function of Solid Rocket Motor Pressure.” Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 56 (2): 172–80. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0010508220020082
• Lips, H. 1976. “Metal Combustion in High Performance Hybrid Rocket Propulsion Systems.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-640. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-640
• “Liquid Bipropellant Injectors.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0141.0165
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” n.d. In Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69203-4_3
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in Germany.” 2006a. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0737.0784
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in India.” 2006b. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0881.0886
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in the People’s Republic of China.” 2006c. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0865.0880
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in the United Kingdom or Britain.” 2006d. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0843.0864
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines in the United States (Summary).” 2006e. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0303.0530
• “Liquid Propellant Rocket-Engine Organizations Worldwide, 1932 to 2003.” 2006. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0293.0302
• Liquid Rocket Disconnects, Couplings, Fittings, Fixed Joints, and Seals. 1976. NASA-SP-8119. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770017247
• “Liquid Rocket Engines.” 2019. In Rocket Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108381376.009
• “Liquid-Propellant Droplet Vaporization and Combustion.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0295.0321
• Litchford, Ron, and San-Mou Jeng. 1992. “Liquid Rocket Spray Combustion Stability Analysis.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3227. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3227
• Litwhiler, Dale. 2008. “Wind Tunnel Evaluation and Calibration of Model Rocket Nosecone Pitot Static Probes.” In 2008 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–3345
• Litzinger, Thomas, and Suresh Iyer. 2010. “Hypergolic Reaction of Dicyanamide-Based Fuels with Nitric Acid.” Energy & Fuels 25 (1): 72–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef101373a
• Liu, Xinfu. 2017. “Fuel-Optimal Rocket Landing with Aerodynamic Controls.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2017-1732. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1732
• Liu, Weiqiang, Qizhi Chen, and Baoyuan Wu. 1998. “Transpiration Cooling of Rocket Thrust Chamber with Liquid Oxygen.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-890. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-890
• Liu, Yuwei, yuqiang Cheng, and Jianjun Wu. 2026c. “Safety-Constrained Start-Up Control of Reusable LOX/Kerosene Rocket Engines via Offline Reinforcement Learning.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6931999
• Liu, Jiahao, Junhao Cong, Xinyang Li, Yinghong Wang, and Bowen Jiang. 2025c. “Efficient Measurement Method for Determining Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Propellants.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5189503
• Liu, Junhui, Andrew T. Corrigan, Ryan F. Johnson, and Ravi Ramamurti. 2019a. “Effect of Nozzle Inflow Conditions on Shock-Cell Structure and Noise in Overexpanded Jets.” In 25th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 2019-2495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2495
• Liu, Quanjun, Shicong Dai, Ying Wang, Yudong Wang, and Changwan Min. 2017a. “In-Flight Lateral Control Departure Parameter Estimation for Reusable Launch Vehicle Using Retrospective Cost Adaptive Control.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2284. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2284
• Liu, Yangyi, Fani Derveni, and Jia-Liang Le. 2026b. “Interaction of Localized Defects in Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 93 (6): 061006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4071577
• Liu, Tong, Yiping Jiang, Bo Chen, Jian Liu, Yufang He, and Wu Chen. 2026a. “Characterizing North-South Ionospheric Gradients during Geomagnetic Storms: A Variogram Enhancement for Wide Area Ionospheric Models.” Space Weather 24 (1): e2025SW004416. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025sw004416
• Liu, Junhui, and Yu Yu Khine. 2020. “Nozzle Boundary-Layer Separation near the Nozzle Exit in Highly Overexpanded Jets.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2561. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2561
• Liu, Guiping, Jeffrey H. Klenzing, Sarah E. McDonald, Fabrizio Sassi, and D. E. Rowland. 2024c. WACCM-X Simulations with NAVGEM-HA Meteorological Analyses and SABER Observations of Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Temperature. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-2912
• Liu, Shashi, Changmeng Liu, and Xiao Hou. 2025b. “Dynamic Simulation for Propellant Grain Integrity of Solid Rocket Motors Based on Physics-Informed Deep Learning and Finite Element Model Updating.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5442703
• Liu, Shashi, Changmeng Liu, and Xiao Hou. 2025e. “Inverse Simulation of Solid Rocket Motor Grain Integrity Using Physics-Informed Deep Learning and Finite Element Model Updating.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5614635
• Liu, Lei, Y. Jade Morton, and Yunxiang Liu. 2022a. “ML Prediction of Global Ionospheric TEC Maps.” Space Weather 20 (9): e2022SW003135. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022sw003135
• Liu, Weiqiang, and Chen Qizhi. 1996. “Recession Analysis for Carbon-Carbon Composite Nozzle of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3214
• Liu, Weidong, Zhenguo Wang, Jin Zhou, and Fengchen Zhuang. 1996. “Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Flow in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine with PISO Algorithm.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3124
• Liu, Weidong, Zhenguo Wang, Fen Zhuang, and Cheng Zhuang. 1995. “Numerical Analysis of Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-3117. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3117
• Liu, Linmei, Yuan Xia, Yong Yang, et al. 2025f. “Nocturnal Temperature and Wind Structures of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region over Yuzhong (36°N, 104.2°E) Based on Sodium Lidar Observation.” Space Weather 23 (10): e2025SW004597. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025sw004597
• Liu, Yangkun, Jiyao Xu, Anne K. Smith, and Xiao Liu. 2023e. Seasonal and Interannual Variations of Global Tides of Neutral Winds in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-10550
• Liu, Yang, Jiangang Yang, Yuanbo He, Zheng Ni, and Yue Wu. 2021. “Concept and Key Technology Analysis of Electric Pump-Fed Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 781 (4): 042016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/781/4/042016
• Liu, Kun, and Yulin Zhang. 2000. “A Study on Versatile Simulation of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Systems Transients.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3771. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3771
• Liu, Huawei, Lin Zhang, Xinhua Yu, Huashu Liu, Bin Wang, and Yuanyuan Luo. 2019b. “The Influence of Flow Separation Mode on Side-Loads in a Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1300 (1): 012090. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1300/1/012090
• Livingston, John. 2004. “Comparative Analysis of Rocket and Airbreathing Launch Vehicles.” In Space 2004 Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5948. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5948
• Llanos, Pedro J., Nikita Amberkar, Vijay Duraisamy, et al. 2022. “Qualification and Validation Ground Tests for a Multiple Payload aboard Miura 1 Rocket.” In ASCEND 2022. AIAA 2022-4211. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4211
• Llanos, Pedro J., Kristina Andrijauskaite, Vijay Vishal Duraisamy, Sathya Gangadharan, Jay Morris, and Michael J. Wargovich. 2021. “Microgravity Effect on Murine T Cells Exposed to Suborbital Flight aboard Blue Origin’s New Shepard Vehicle.” Preprint, bioRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.13.443970
• Llanos, Pedro J., Kristina Andrijauskaite, Vijay V. Duraisamy, et al. 2019. “Challenges of ERAU’s First Suborbital Flight aboard Blue Origin’s New Shepard M7 for the Cell Research Experiment in Microgravity (CRExIM).” Gravitational and Space Research 7 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2019-0001
• Llanos, Pedro J., Kristina Andrijauskaite, Sathya Gangadharan, Jay Morris, and Michael J. Wargovich. 2024. “Murine T Cells Exposure to Suborbital Space Flight aboard Blue Origin’s New Shepard Vehicle.” European Journal of Applied Sciences 12 (2): 382–404. https://doi.org/10.14738/aivp.122.16867
• Llanos, Pedro J., and Christopher Hays. 2017. “Flight Operations Quality Assurance Analysis for Contingency Scenarios of SpaceShipTwo Using ERAU’s Suborbital Space Flight Simulator.” In AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. AIAA 2017-5111. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5111
• Llinas, J. 1968. “Electron Beam Measurements of Temperature and Density in the Base Region of a Clustered Rocket Model.” In 2nd Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1968-236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-236
• Loban, A. V., and D. A. Lovtsov. 2015. “Information Technology Robust Telemetry Control Rockets: Status and Prospects.” Rocket-Space Device Engineering and Information Systems 3: 68–78. https://doi.org/10.17238/issn2409-0239.2015.3.68
• Lobbia, Marcus, Daniel K. Coleman, Jerry Rowan, et al. 2026. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Supersonic Parachute Inflation behind Slender and Blunt Bodies at Earth and Mars.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3822
• “Local Time and Seasonal Variations in the D-Region Ionosphere: Does It Reflect Sudden Stratospheric Warming Effects?” 2023. URSI Radio Science Letters 4. https://doi.org/10.46620/22-0045
• Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Sunnyvale, Calif. (USA). 1971. Nuclear Shuttle Systems Definition Study. Phase III. Volume VII. RNS Tank Pressurization Analysis. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4209775
• Lockman, W. K. 1967. Free-Flight Base Pressure and Heating Measurements on Sharp and Blunt Cones in a Shock Tunnel. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670060153
• Loesch, H., and P. Pawlowski. 1973. “Heat Pipe and Phase Changing Material /PCM/ Sounding Rocket Experiment.” In 8th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1973-759. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-759
• Logan, Willy, Roger Davis, Nesrin Sarigul-Klijn, and Marti Sarigul-Klijn. 2007. “Forebody Strake Effects on Air-Launch Rocket Aerodynamic Characteristics at High Angle of Attacks.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-459. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-459
• Lohr, Jonathan, and Huu Trinh. 1992. “Mixing Characteristics of Injector Elements in Liquid Rocket Engines- a Computational Study.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3767. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3767
• Loncaric, Sonny. 2021. “Structural Vibrations and Internal Ballistic Modelling of a Star-Grain Solid Rocket Motor.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14657292
• Loncaric, Sonny, David Greatrix, and Zouheir Fawaz. 2003. “Internal Ballistic Modeling of a Star-Grain Solid Rocket Motor.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4505
• London, Adam, and Alan Epstein. 2007. “Micro Launch Vehicles: A Path to Low Cost Space Access?” In AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2007-6143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6143
• Long, Moses. 1967. “Balancing Considerations for Rocket Vehicles and Components.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1345. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1345
• Long, K. F. 2011. “Astronautics: The Development and Science of Rockets.” In Deep Space Propulsion. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0607-5_5
• Long, Matthew, William Anderson, and Ronald Humble. 2002. “Bicentrifugal Swirl Injector Development for Hydrogen Peroxide and Non-Toxic Hypergolic Miscible Fuels.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4026. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4026
• Long, Zhang, and Qian Linfang. 2023. “Study on Characteristics of Dynamic Equilibrium Angle of the Spin-Stabilized Projectile.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2478 (11): 112013. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2478/11/112013
• Long, K. S., P. B. Reid, W. H.-M. Ku, D. D. Mitchell, R. Novick, and R. L. Pisarski. 1979. Imaging Proportional Counter for X-Ray Astronomy. Columbia Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800033328
• Lopera, Javier, Terry Ng, Mehul Patel, and Srikanth Vasudevan. 2007. “Coning Motion Control of a Blunt-Nose Projectile Using Small Deployable Strakes.” In 25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2007-3812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-3812
• Lopez, Lisa, and Ashwin RajKumar. 2025. Application of a Nitrogen Gas Diffuser in the Oxidizer Tank of a Bi-Propellant Feed System. https://doi.org/10.52202/083090-0099
• Loposer, J. Dan, and Charles B. Rumsey. 1954. Flight Measurements of Average Skin-Friction Coefficients on a Parabolic Body of Revolution (NACA RM-10) at Mach Numbers from 1.0 to 3.7. NACA-RM-L54G14. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030068110
• Lopp, Kenneth P. 1960. “Fire Safety Design Considerations for Rocket Powered Vehicles.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/600375
• Lord, D. 1978. “A Distributed Microcomputer Telemetry System for Spacecraft Applications.” In International Telemetering Conference. AIAA 1978-1706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1706
• Lord, G. J., A. R. Champneys, and G. W. Hunt. 1999. “Computation of Localized Post Buckling in Long Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells.” In Advanced Series in Nonlinear Dynamics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812814876_0013
• Lores, M., and B. Zinn. 1973. “Nonlinear Longitudinal Combustion Instability in Rocket Motors.” In 11th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1973-217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-217
• Loughrey, Stuart. n.d. “Flight Testing of a Prototype Flyback Rocket Booster.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2017.1023
• “Low Frequency Oscillations in Liquid Rocket Combustion Chambers.” 2008. In Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866913.0001.0042
• “Low-Cost Expendable Launch Vehicles.” 1992. In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3433. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3433
• “Low-Cost Satellites and Satellite Launch Vehicles.” 1990. In Space Commercialization: Launch Vehicles and Programs. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865992.0227.0234
• Low-Density Phenolic Nylon Nosecap, Scout Reentry Heating Program, Reentry E Final Report. 1965. NASA-CR-66089. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660014182
• Lu, Zhiliu. 2021. “Comparison of Cylindrical and Non-Cylindrical Grain Internal Ballistic Behavior of Hybrid Rocket Engines and Solid Rocket Motors.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14654895
• Lu, Han, Xinlin Bai, Zhigang Xu, Gengshun Hou, and Zhang Zhang. 2024. “Research on the Jet Milling Process of Oxidizer for Solid Propellant.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2671 (1): 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2671/1/012017
• Lu, Lei, Li Feng, and Hui Li. 2026. “Standard Dataset of Lyman-Alpha Solar Flare Events.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 46 (1): 247. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2026.01.2025-0079
• Lu, Ping, Kenneth Horneman, David Neal, John Schierman, and Shelly Su. 2011. “Pitch-Over Maneuver and Guidance for Rocket-Back Boosters.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6501. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6501
• Lübken, Franz-Josef, Gerd Baumgarten, Jens Hildebrand, and Francis J. Schmidlin. 2016. “Simultaneous and Co-Located Wind Measurements in the Middle Atmosphere by Lidar and Rocket-Borne Techniques.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2016-106
• Lucena Neto, Eliseu, and Francisco Alex Monteiro. 2019. “Buckling of Axially-Compressed Cylindrical Panels with Circular Edge Frames Attached.” In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Solid Mechanics. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.mecsol2019.msl19-0029
• Lucena Neto, E., F. A. C. Monteiro, and P. T. M. L. Soares. 2016. “Exact Solution for Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Panels with Stringers Attached to the Straight Edges.” Journal of Engineering Mechanics 142 (6): 04016028. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001068
• Luchikhina, E. A., and L. E. Tonkov. 2016. “Detached Eddy Simulations of Side-Loads in an Overexpanded Nozzle Flow.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 158: 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/158/1/012064
• Luchikhina, E. A., and L. E. Tonkov. 2017. “Detached Eddy Simulations of the Side-Loads in an Overexpanded Nozzle Flow.” Vestnik Udmurtskogo Universiteta. Matematika. Mekhanika. Komp’yuternye Nauki 27 (1): 121–28. https://doi.org/10.20537/vm170110
• Luchini, C., P. Wynne, M. Hudson, and S. Rooke. 1996. “Hydrocarbon Hybrid Rocket Fuel Regression Rate Studies.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2595. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2595
• Luckert, H. 1973. “Static Stability and Drag Studies for Bodies of Revolution in Supersonic Flow.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-295. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-295
• Lucy, Melvin. 1967. “Spin Acceleration Effects on Some Full-Scale Solid Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1332. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1332
• Ludlow, D., and N. Qin. 1998. “Computational Prediction of Pitch Damping for High Mach Number Blunt Projectiles.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-394. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-394
• Ludtke, William P. 1973. Effects of Canopy Geometry on the Infinite Mass Opening-Shock Factor of a Cross Parachute with a W/L Ratio of 0.264. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0768755
• Ludtke, W. 1986. “Notes on a Generic Parachute Opening Force Analysis.” In 9th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1986-2440. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2440
• Ludtke, William P. 1991. Notes on the Cause of Parachute Critical Velocity. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada244417
• Ludwig, C., and M. Dreyer. 2012. “Analyses of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurization Based upon Ground Experiments.” In AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2012-5199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5199
• Luers, J. K., and A. Soltes. 1971. Optimum Radars and Filters for the Passive Sphere System. NASA-CR-111952. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720004440
• Luhmann, Janet G., Coleman Jr., and Paul J. 1982. An Experimental Study of Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Using Magnetometers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada130057
• Lui, C. 1996. “Asbestos-Free Nozzle Flexible Boot Load Characterization for the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2778. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2778
• Luke, G., and D. Adams. 1992. “Use of Nozzle Trip Rings to Reduce Nozzle Separation Side Force during Staging.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3617. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3617
• Lukianova, Renata, Alexander Kozlovsky, and Mark Lester. 2021. “Upper Stratosphere-Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Perturbations during the Intense Arctic Polar Night Jet in 2019-2020.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507451.1
• Luo, Xiao-lin. 2015. “A Method to Quickly Predict Dispersion for Impact Point of High Spin Rate Projectile.” In Proceedings of the 2015 Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/jimet-15.2015.106
• Luo, Jing, Yanyan Chen, Limin Zhang, et al. 2022. “Numerical Investigation on Regenerative Heat-Driven Cryocoolers for Zero Boil-Off Storage of Liquid Hydrogen.” In Volume 4: Cycle Innovations; Cycle Innovations: Energy Storage. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2022-81737
• Luo, Fa-geng, Kai-liang Dai, Kun-hai Quan, and Rui-yuan Liu. 1994. “A Comparison of the International Reference IONOSPHERE(IRI-90)WITH the Electron Density Profile of the Ionosphere Observed in China.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 14 (4): 305. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss1994.04.305
• Luo, Jin, Honglei Xia, Wenquan Zhang, Siwei Song, and Qinghua Zhang. 2020. “A Promising Hydrogen Peroxide Adduct of Ammonium Cyclopentazolate as a Green Propellant Component.” Journal of Materials Chemistry A 8 (25): 12334–38. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0ta03010d
• Luppen, Zachary Allen. n.d. “Introducing Formal Methodologies to Monitor Small Aerospace System Telemetry.” PhD diss., Iowa State University. https://doi.org/10.31274/td-20240329-441
• Lyalin, Victor, and Victor Morozov. 2005. “Comparative Analysis of the Recovery Parachute Systems Efficiency.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1682. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1682
• Lydon, M., and D. Miller. 2004. “Development and Testing of a High Altitude Sounding Rocket at the USAF Academy.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4202. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4202
• Lydon, M., and R. Simmons. 1993. “Hybrid Sounding Rocket Development at the United States Air Force Academy.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2264. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2264
• Lydon, M., and P. Va. 1995. “Hybrid Sounding Rocket Development and Flight Test at the United States Air Force Academy.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2943. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2943
• Lykhachova, O., and R. Schmidt. 2013. “Deformation and Buckling of Axially Compressed Elastic Cylindrical Shells with Transversal Cut in Experiments and Numerical Simulations.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Application. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15684-53
• Lyman-Alpha Radiation. 2005. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471743984.vse4703
• Lympany, Shane V., and Krishan K. Ahuja. 2017. “Acoustic Damping of Propellant Injectors with through-Flow in Liquid Rocket Combustors.” In 23rd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 2017-4040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4040
• Lyu, Leqi, Xin Jin, and Huiqiang Zhang. 2025. “Numerical Investigation on the Atomization Process in a Hydrogen-Oxygen Gas-Liquid Coaxial Injector.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5759945
• Ma, Paul. 1991. “Computation of Solar Array Power Loss from MMH/N2O4 Rocket Motor Plume Contamination.” In 26th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1991-1330. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1330
• Ma, Ruiping. 1997. “Wind and Wind Shear Observed by ZN-1 Rocket at Hainan Station.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 17 (1): 70. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss1997.01.070
• Ma, Xin, Hanxian Fang, Sicheng Wang, and Shujie Chang. 2021. “Impact of the Ionosphere Disturbed by Rocket Plume on OTHR Radio Wave Propagation.” Radio Science 56 (4): e2020RS007183. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020rs007183
• Maag, Carl R., and Patricia A. Hansen. 1991. “Flight Experiment to Investigate Microgravity Effects on Solidification Phenomena of Selected Materials.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1557, edited by James D. Trolinger, Ravindra B. Lal. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.49580
• MacAllister, L. C., and W. K. Rogers Jr. 1955. Aerodynamic Properties of the 2.75-INCH Rocket T131. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0085539
• Macaraeg, M. G. 1986. “Application of CFD to Aerothermal Heating Problems.” In AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860010086
• Macha, J. 1993. “A Simple, Approximate Model of Parachute Inflation.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1206. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1206
• Machado, Humberto. 2008. “Two-Dimensional Simulation of Ablation Due to Aerodynamic Heating in a Sounding Rocket.” In 40th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2008-4248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4248
• Machado, Humberto, and Felipe Franciscani. 2018. “Thermal Analysis of VSB-30 Rocket Payload.” In Anais do X Congresso Nacional de Engenharia Mecânica. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.conem2018.con18-0467
• Mackison, D., R. Gutshall, and F. Volpe. 1972. “Star Scanner Attitude Determination for the OSO-7 Spacecraft.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1972-922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-922
• MacLean, Steven M. n.d. “Modeling and Simulation of a Sounding Rocket Active Stabilization System.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2017.43
• Macmillan, R. H. 1950. “Two Aspects of Rocket Flight: Stabilizing Finless Rockets by Spinning and the Potentialities of Multi-Stage Rocket Projectiles.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 22 (2): 46–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb031860
• Macpherson, Duncan. 1962. An Explicit Solution to the Powered Flight Dynamics of a Rocket Vehicle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0293892
• Madden, R. 1970. “A Statistical Analysis of the Roll Rate of a Launch Vehicle under Theinfluence of Random Fin Misalinements.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1382. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1382
• Madden, T., and W. Thompson. 1964. Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Oscillations of the Earth-Ionosphere Cavity. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0607080
• Maeda, K. 1969. “Mid-Latitude Electron Density Profile as Revealed by Rocket Experiments.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 21 (2): 557–67. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.21.557
• Maeda, K. 1971. “Study on Electron Density Profile in the Lower Ionosphere.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 23 (2): 133–59. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.23.133
• Maeda, Kazunari, Keichiroh Muraoka, Yu Korenaga, and Hiroshi Katanoda. 2019. “Three-Dimensional Flight Trajectory Prediction for Launch of the First Prototype of Small Scale Hybrid Rocket.” Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2019 (0): OS3-13. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2019.os3-13
• Maeding, C., D. Wiedmann, K. Quering, and O. Knab. 2011. “Improved Heat Transfer Prediction Engineering Capabilities for Rocket Thrust Chamber Layout.” In Progress in Propulsion Physics. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201102239
• Magalhães, Jorge, and Francisco Brójo. 2024. “Design of a Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle and Numerical Investigation of Operation at Overexpanded Conditions.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 23 (6): 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v23.i6.10
• Maggi, Pierre. 2021. “X-Ray Astronomy.” In Multimessenger Astronomy in Practice. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/2514-3433/ac2256ch6
• Maggio, Dominic R., Courtney Mario, Brett Streetman, Ted Steiner, and Luca Carlone. 2023. “Vision-Based Terrain Relative Navigation on High Altitude Balloon and Sub-Orbital Rocket.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0875. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0875
• Maheskumar, Pon., R. Girimurugan, G. Sivaraman, S. Purushothaman, and M. Vairavel. 2021. “Thermal Analysis on Regenerative Cooled Liquid Propellant Rocket Thrust Chamber Using ANSYS.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1059 (1): 012068. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1059/1/012068
• Maheswari, G. Lalitha, K. Sreejith, and M. Deepu. 2025. “Nozzle Flow Separation in Thrust Optimized Contour Bell Nozzle.” In Volume 4: Gas Turbines; Pressure Technologies; Robotics & Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece-india2025-160384
• Mahmoud, O., H. AbdELbaset, and M. Alsanabawy. 2014. “Investigation of the Dispersion of Unguided Finned Missile.” International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 16 (16): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21608/amme.2014.35479
• Maicke, Brian A. 2015. “Evaluation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Modeling for Nozzle Flow Separation.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4174. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4174
• Maicke, Brian A. 2018. “Simulation of Swirl in Rocket Nozzles at off-Design Pressure Ratios.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4482. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4482
• Maiolino, Jaqueline Vaz, Célio Costa Vaz, and Marcelo Lopes de Oliveira e Souza. 2022. “In-Flight Qualification of the Suborbital Microgravity Platform in Brazil.” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 9 (12): 527–33. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.912.58
• Majoros, J., and I. M. Sarlat. 1966. Solid Boost Thrust Decay Control for Stage Separation. AIAA PAPER 66-971. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670033564
• Majumdar, Alok, and Andre LeClair. 2024. “Nodal Modeling of Liquid Propellant Feed and Pressurization System.” In 71st JANNAF Propulsion Meeting/14th Liquid Propulsion Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240003493
• Majumdar, Alok K., and Andre Leclair. 2025. “Nodal Modeling of Tank Pressurization and Draining Using a Multi-Node-Ullage Approach.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0358
• Majumdar, Alok K., Andre C. LeClair, and Ali Hedayat. 2016a. “Numerical Modeling of Pressurization of Cryogenic Propellant Tank for Integrated Vehicle Fluid System.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160009708
• Majumdar, Alok, Andre LeClair, Ramon Lopez Otero, and Jacob Brodnick. 2026. “CFD-Assisted Nodal Modeling of Sloshing in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In Thermal Fluid Analysis Workshop Workshop (TFAWS 2026). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260007790
• Majumdar, Alok, and Todd Steadman. 1998. Numerical Modeling of Pressurization of a Propellant Tank. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980236009
• Majumdar, Alok, and Todd Steadman. 1999. Numerical Modeling of Pressurization of a Propellant Tank. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000025232
• Majumdar, Alok, Juan Valenzuela, Andre LeClair, and Jeff Moder. 2015. “Numerical Modeling of Self-Pressurization and Pressure Control by Thermodynamic Vent System in a Cryogenic Tank.” In Space Cryogenics Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170006183
• Makam, Ishaan. 2025. “A Multivariate Investigation of Bio-Inspired Geometries on Rocket Fins in Subsonic and Supersonic Flow.” Journal of High School Science 9 (3). https://doi.org/10.64336/001c.144090
• Makhija, Amit, Kowsik Bodi, and Debasis Chakraborty. 2024. “Numerical Estimation of Convective Heat Transfer Coefficient and Heat Flux for a Supersonic Rocket Nozzle.” Defence Science Journal 74 (2): 189–96. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.74.19633
• Makino, F., D. A. Leahy, and N. Kawai. 1985. “Observation of X-Ray Spectrum of GX301-2.” In X-Ray Astronomy in the Exosat Era. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5448-9_59
• Makino, Tadao, Hiromasa Yamamoto, and Hiroyuki Sekiguchi. 1976. “On the Zenith Angle Dependence of the Infrared Oxygen Emission of 1.27 .MU.m Airglow Observed from High Altitude.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 28 (3): 243–49. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.28.243
• Makinson, Kevin, and Christopher Morrison. 2023. “Probabilistic Risk Analysis Methods for Nuclear Launch Safety.” In Nuclear and Emerging Technologies for Space (NETS 2023). American Nuclear Society. https://doi.org/10.13182/nets23-41879
• Makled, Ah. 2015. “Aluminized Polyethylene Regression Rate Evaluation for Hybrid Rocket Motor.” International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 16 (AEROSPACE SCIENCES): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.21608/asat.2015.22949
• Makled, Ah. 2016. “Erosive Burning Modeling for Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering 8 (13): 243–60. https://doi.org/10.21608/iccee.2016.35124
• Makower, W., Margaret White, and E. Marsden. 1909. “Investigations on the Electrical State of the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 43 (196): 216–216. https://doi.org/10.1049/jiee-1.1909.0052
• Maksimovic, V. 1979. “A Parachute System for Upper Atmospheric Studies.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-520. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-520
• Malaga, Alfonso. 1986. Theory of VHF Scattering by Field-Aligned Irregularities in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada173132
• Malhotra, Garima, and Aaron J. Ridley. 2021. “Impacts of Spatially Varying Eddy Diffusion in the Lower Thermosphere on the Ionosphere and Thermosphere Using GITM: Sensitivity Study.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10508712.1
• Malik, T. I., and R. K. Tagirov. 1988. “Semiempirical Method of Calculating Overexpanded Turbulent Separated Flow in a Conical Laval Nozzle.” Fluid Dynamics 23 (6): 851–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01051818
• Malina, R. F., S. Bowyer, and F. Paresce. 1979. First Spectrum of an Extra-Solar Object in the Extreme Ultraviolet the White Dwarf HZ 43. California Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800029235
• Malmuth, Norman D., and Alexander V. Fedorov. 2008. Mathematical Fluid Dynamics of Store and Stage Separation, Multi-Body Flows and Flow Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada482146
• Malmuth, Norman D., V. Shalaev, and A. Fedorov. 2005. Mathematical Fluid Dynamics of Store and Stage Separation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada434694
• Malone, G. A., L. Vecchies, and R. Wood. 1974. Nondestructive Tests of Regenerative Chambers. NASA-CR-134656. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750003986
• Mandić, Slobodan, Saša Živković, Siniša Jovančić, and Bojan Pavković. 2018. “Air to Ground Rocket Dispersion Minimization.” Scientific Technical Review 68 (2): 11–16. https://doi.org/10.5937/str1802011m
• Mane, Shreya. 2022. “Nozzle Flow Separation Phenomena and Control for Different Conditions.” REST Journal on Advances in Mechanical Engineering 1 (3): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.46632/jame/1/3/2
• Manea, Silvio, Rene Gonçalves, Francisco Machado, José Rocco, Koshun Iha, and Maria Suárez-Iha. 2009. “Electrical and Electrostatic Discharge Solid Rocket Booster Ignition.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5258. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5258
• Mange, P. 1972. “The Exosphere and Geocorona.” In The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3132-5_5
• Mani, Mahmood, M. Dadkhah, and A. Gili. 2000. “A Simple Code for Calculation of Mixture Ratio in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine, and Its Evaluation.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3765. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3765
• Manimaran, A., and Somashekhar S. Hiremath. 2019. “Dynamic Modeling, Simulation and Experimental Investigation on Cryogenic Tank Pressurization System.” International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 40 (4): 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2019.1611154
• Manjith, Aaditya. 2026. “Isolating the Effect of Geometric Porosity on Supersonic Mars Parachute Drag: A Controlled CFD Investigation Using Historical Mission Porosities.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/8400
• Manning, J. C. 1971. Some Flight Induced Environmental Data Obtained from Two Sidewinder-Arcas Sounding-Rocket Launches. NASA-TM-X-2368. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710028038
• Manski, Detlef, and James Martin. 1988. “Evaluation of Innovative Rocket Engines for Single-Stage Earth-to-Orbit Vehicles.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-2819. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2819
• Manson, A. H., M. W. J. Merry, and R. A. Vincent. 1969. “Relationship between the Partial Reflection of Radio Waves from the Lower Ionosphere and Irregularities as Measured by Rocket Probes.” Radio Science 4 (10): 955–58. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs004i010p00955
• Mantler, Raymond L., Adelbert O. Tischler, and Rudolph V. Massa. 1953. An Investigation of High-Frequency Combustion Oscillations in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. NACA-RM-E53B27. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930087848
• Manuilova, Rada O., and Valentine Yankovsky. 2020. Seasonal-Latitudinal Distributions of the Populations of the States O2(b1, v = 0: 2) in the Daytime Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-55
• Mao, Huina, Thomas Sinn, Massimiliano L. Vasile, and Gunnar Tibert. 2016b. “Simulation and Control of a Space Web Deployed by Centrifugal Forces in a Sounding Rocket Experiment.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2016-4421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4421
• Mao, Xuerui, and Shuxing Yang. 2015. “Optimal Control of Coning Motion of Spinning Missiles.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 28 (2): 04014068. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000398
• Maple, E., W. A. Bowen, and S. F. Singer. 1951. “Evidence for Ionosphere Currents from Rocket Experiments near the Geomagnetic Equator.” Physical Review 82 (6): 957–58. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.82.957
• Maples, Dupree. 1979. Aerodynamic Heating of Conventional Weapons. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069807
• Marchal, David. n.d. “A Numerical Approach to Acoustic Damping in Liquid Rocket Engines.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/f979a107z81daz4adaz8ebcz4b565a806683
• Marchese, V., E. Rakowsky, and L. Bement. 1972. “A Fluidic Sounding Rocket Motor Ignition System.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1197
• Marchgraber, Reinhold M., and Ralph W. Armstrong. 1962. Solar Radiation Measurement Instrumentation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0274298
• Margasahayam, Ravi, and Raoul Caimi. 1999. Rocket Noise Prediction Program. Dynacs Engineering Co., Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990040528
• Margasahayam, Ravi, Raoul E. Caimi, Sharon Hauss, and N. Voska. 2002. Rocket Launch Trajectory Simulations Mechanism. KSC-2002-062. DYNACS Engineering Co., Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020052379
• Margetson, J. 1978. “Burst Pressure Predictions of Rocket Motors.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1567
• Marius Ionut, Marmureanu, and Fuiorea Ion. 2014. “Attitude Dynamics of a Spinning Rocket with Internal Fluid Whirling Motion.” Incas Bulletin 6 (2): 75–83. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2014.6.2.7
• Markelov, G., M. Endemann, and D. Wernham. 2008. “Numerical Analysis of ALADIN Optics Contamination Due to Outgassing of Solar Array Materials.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 100 (9): 092029. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/100/9/092029
• Markgraf, M., O. Montenbruck, F. Hassenpflug, P. Turner, B. Bull, and Frank Bauer. 2001. A Low Cost GPS System for Real-Time Tracking of Sounding Rockets. Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010069267
• Markley, F. Landis, and John L. Crassidis. 2014a. “Attitude Control.” In Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0802-8_7
• Markley, F. Landis, and John L. Crassidis. 2014b. “Filtering for Attitude Estimation and Calibration.” In Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0802-8_6
• Markley, F. Landis, and John L. Crassidis. 2014d. “Static Attitude Determination Methods.” In Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0802-8_5
• Marklund, G. T., R. A. Heelis, and J. D. Winningham. 1986. “Rocket and Satellite Observations of Electric Fields and Ion Convection in the Dayside Auroral Ionosphere.” Canadian Journal of Physics 64 (10): 1417–25. https://doi.org/10.1139/p86-251
• Marks, Spence T., and Eugene D. Boyer. 1963. A Second Test of an Upper Atmosphere Gun Probe System,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0405889
• Marlow, Harold C. 1966. Rat Scat Cross Section Measurements of 017-2, Rocket Exhaust Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0379735
• Marmo, Frederick F., Jerome Pressman, Leonard M. Aschenbrand, Adolph Jursa, and Murray Zelikoff. 1956. “Formation of an Artificial Ion Cloud; Photoionization of NO by Solar Lyman Alpha at 95 Km.” Journal of Chemical Physics 25 (1): 187–187. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1742832
• Marongui, M., and R. White. 1987. “Non-Steady Plume-Wall Interactions in Rocket Launch Tubes.” In 22nd Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1987-1601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1601
• Marques, João Pedro Caldeira de Sousa, Alain de Souza, and Filipe Szolnoky Cunha. 2024. “Design of a Helicopter System Recovery for a Sounding Rocket.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 25 (2): 662–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-023-00696-z
• Marsh, Daniel R. 2011. “Chemical–Dynamical Coupling in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” In Aeronomy of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_1
• Marsh, Daniel Robert, Félix Sainsbury-Martinez, and Tracy Moffat-Griffin. 2026. Towards Predicting the Weather of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-13898
• Marshall, Herman L., Sarah Heine, Alan Garner, Rebecca Masterson, and Ralf Heilmann. 2023. “Status of the Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft x-Ray Polarimeter (REDSoX).” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677873
• Marshall, Herman ., Norbert . Schulz, Ralf K. Heilmann, et al. 2017. “The Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft x-Ray Polarimeter (REDSoX Polarimeter).” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XX, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274107
• Martelli, Emanuele, Barbara Betti, Francesco Nasuti, and Marcello Onofri. 2017b. “Effect of the Adiabatic Index on the Shock Reflection in Overexpanded Nozzle Flow.” In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 1. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46213-4_14
• Martelli, F., and G. Bidini. 1993. “Analysis of Transients in Gas-Propulsion Systems with Attitude Control Rocket System.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 10 (4). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.1993.10.4.309
• Martelli, E., L. Saccoccio, P. P. Ciottoli, C. E. Tinney, W. J. Baars, and M. Bernardini. 2020. “Flow Dynamics and Wall-Pressure Signatures in a High-Reynolds-Number Overexpanded Nozzle with Free Shock Separation.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 895: A29. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.280
• Marteru, F. 1996. “Attitude Determination and Control for Small Spacecraft.” In UKACC International Conference on Control. Control ‘96, vol. 1996. IEE. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960623
• Martin, Wayne A. 1961. Deep Drawn Pre-Prdocution Units A2 1st Stage Polaris Rocket Motor Chambers and A2 1st Stage Polaris Aft Closures. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0269912
• Martin, Christopher, and Stuart Bowyer. 1989. “Evidence for an Extragalactic Component of the Far-Ultraviolet Background and Constraints on Galaxy Evolution for z between 0.1 and 0.6.” Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 338. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890043786
• Martin, James, and Mark Jackson. 1994. “Pressure-Fed Rocket Experiments.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3160. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3160
• Martin, S., and R. Sievers. 1970. “Development of a Fluidically Controlled Hydrazine Roll-Rate Control System.” In 6th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1970-650. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-650
• Martín Canales Romero, Juan. 2012. “Sounding Rocket Program in Peru.” In SpaceOps 2012 Conference. AIAA 2012-1275893. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-1275893
• Martin Co., Nuclear Div., Baltimore. 1961. Upper Atmosphere Re-Entry Study High Altitude Burnup. Volume II. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4791901
• Martin-Loef, J. 1967. Sound Ranging Computations for Sounding Rocket Recovery. REPT.-67-K2. TUAB Teleutredningar A.B. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670024887
• Martinez, Gerardo, Marco Inzunza-Ibarra, Ivann Ferrel, Brandi Herrera, and Ou Ma. 2011. “Development of a Suborbital Flight Experiment for Validating a Satellite Inertia Identification Method.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8044, edited by Khanh D. Pham, Henry Zmuda, Joseph Lee Cox, Greg J. Meyer. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.887253
• Martinez, Sebastien, Ethan Koh, Renato Dell’Osso, et al. 2026. “Reaction Wheel Roll Stabilization and Control for an L1 High-Power Rocket.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-112924. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-112924
• Martinkovic, Paul J. 1970. Bipropellant Attitude Control Rocket (ACR) Plume Effects on Solar Cells, Optics and Thermal Paint. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0876328
• Martins, Artur Amorim, and Claus Franz Wehmann. 2024. “Impacts of the Spill Hole in the Stability of a Model Rocket Parachute.” Revista Brasileira de Física Tecnológica Aplicada 11 (2). https://doi.org/10.3895/rbfta.v11n2.18034
• Martyn, D. F. 1945. “‘Anomalous’ Behaviour of the F2 Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 155 (3934): 363–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/155363a0
• Martyn, Df. 1956. “Processes Controlling Ionization Distribution in the F2 Region of the Ionosphere.” Australian Journal of Physics 9 (1): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.1071/ph560161
• Marxman, G. 1969. “Nonlinear Solid Propellant Burning Rate Behavior during Abrupt Pressure Excursions.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-172. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-172
• Marxman, G., and M. Gilbert. 1963. “Turbulent Boundary Layer Combustion in the Hybrid Rocket.” In Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2759-7.50048-0
• Maryna, Khamlak. 2025. “Numerical Analysis of Vibroacoustic Loads on Composite Payload Fairings of Launch Vehicles: A Review of Methods and Approaches.” American Journal of Engineering And Technology 07 (12): 119–26. https://doi.org/10.37547/tajet/volume07issue12-12
• Masaki, M., and J. Yakura. 1968. “Transitional Boundary Layer Considerations for the Heating Analyses of Lifting Reentry Vehicles.” In Entry Vehicle Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1968-1155. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-1155
• Maschio, Leandro José, Emmanuel Péres de Araújo, Luís Gustavo Ferroni Pereira, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, and Ricardo Vieira. 2021. “Assessing the Performance of a Green Liquid Fuel Hypergolic with Hydrogen Peroxide in a 50 n Bipropellant Thruster.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 20 (1): 21–30. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2020032684
• Masek, T. 1978. Rocket Model Satellite Positive Ion Beam System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada063253
• Maseland, H. 1965. “A Rocket Experiment for Measuring Soft X-Rays from the Sun.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3590-3_27
• Maskery, A., C. Puissant, M. Glogowski, and M. Micci. 1995. “Shear Coaxial Injector Spray Combustion Experiments in a Single Element Rocket Chamber.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2424. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2424
• Mason, A. 1992. “Rocket Motor Vulnerability Considerations in Relation to Bullet Impact and Fuel Fires.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3047. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3047
• Mason, D., S. Folkman, and M. Behring. 1979. “Thrust Oscillations of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Motor during Static Tests.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1138. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1138
• Mason, David McA., and J. B. Rittenhouse. 1958. “Mechanism of Inhibiting Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid in Fuming Nitric Acid on Liquid-Phase Corrosion of Aluminum and Steel Alloys.” CORROSION 14 (7): 59–61. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-14.7.59
• Mason, David McA., Lois L. Taylors, and J. B. Rittenhouse. 1957. “Inhibiting Effect of Hydrofluoric Acid in Fuming Nitric Acid on Liquid and Gas Phase Corrosion of Several Metals.” CORROSION 13 (12): 55–61. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-13.12.55
• Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States), William Johnson, and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). 1974. Density Variations in the Lower Thermosphere. Scientific Report No. 2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4170414
• Massey, D. E. 1986. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Data Storage and Analysis Using a Microcomputer. NASA-TP-2629. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870003285
• Masters, P. A. 1974. Computer Programs for Pressurization (RAMP) and Pressurized Expulsion from a Cryogenic Liquid Propellant Tank. NASA-TN-D-7504. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020126
• Masters, P., and C. Aukerman. 1982. “Deposit Formation in Hydrocarbon Rocket Fuels with an Evaluation of a Propane Heat Transfer Correlation.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1290. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1290
• Matamba, Tshimangadzo Merline, Donald William Danskin, Rendani Rejoyce Nndanganeni, and Mpho Tshisaphungo. 2023. “Space Weather Impacts on the Ionosphere over the African Mid-Latitude Region.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2915750/v1
• Matejka, D. 1970. “Aeroelastic Bending of a Sounding Rocket Vehicle.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1400. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1400
• Matheson, E. R. 2002. “A Mechanistic Study of Delayed Detonation in Impact Damaged Solid Rocket Propellant.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 620. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1483578
• Mathews, Joshua D., Timothee L. Pourpoint, and Jason Gabl. 2018. “High Performance Hybrid Rocket Colloidal Dispersion Propellants.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4662. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4662
• Mathieu, A., B. Monteuuis, and V. Gounot. 1990. “Ceramic Matrix Composite Materials for a Low Thrust Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2054. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2054
• Matos, Isabel, Rodrigo De Melo Silveira, Lia Pimont, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, and Pedro Lacava. 2021. “Measurement of the Regression Rate in a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor by Acquiring the Helmholtz Frequency in the Combustion Chamber.” In Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-0883
• Matos, Isabel, Leonardo Henrique Gouvêa, and Pedro Lacava. 2022a. “Measurement of Regression Rate in Hybrid Rocket Using Combustion Chamber Pressure.” In Procceedings of the 19th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2022.cit22-0061
• Matos, I. P. B., R. M. Silva, Lia Junqueira Pimont, and Pedro Teixeira Lacava. 2022b. “Measurement of the Regression Rate in a Hybrid Rocket Motor by Acquiring the Helmholtz Frequency in the Combustion Chamber.” Revista de Engenharia Térmica 21 (2): 51. https://doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v21i2.87922
• Matsuhara, Hideo, Mitsunobu Kawada, Toshio Matsumoto, et al. 1994. “Rocket-Borne Instrument for Observations of near-Infrared and Far-Infrared Extended Astrophysical Emission.” PASJ: Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 46 (6). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950044198
• Matsumoto, T. n.d. “Rocket Observation of the Diffuse Infrared Radiation.” In Lecture Notes in Physics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0118821
• Matsumoto, T., D. M. Chisel, and J. M. Shigemoto. 1976. A Real-Time Control System with Video Feedback for Sounding Rocket Payloads. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052310
• Matsuno, Shinsuke, Hiroyasu Saitoh, Fumiteru Akamatsu, and Masashi Katsuki. 2003. “Spray Characteristics of Hypergolic Propellant for Bi-Propellant Thrusters.” Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2003 (0): 503–4. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2003.503
• Matsuno, Shinsuke, Hiroyasu Saitoh, Fumiteru Akamatsu, and Masashi Katsuki. 2005. “Atomization Characteristics of Liquid Propellant with Hypergolic Ignition.” Journal of High Temperature Society 31 (1): 63–68. https://doi.org/10.7791/jhts.31.63
• Matsuoka, M., S. Miyamoto, J. Nishimura, M. Oda, Y. Ogawara, and M. Wada. 1970. “Angular Size and Position of the X-Ray Source Cyg-X-1.” In Non-Solar X- and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3311-4_18
• Matsuura, Yoshiki. 2023. “Experimental Investigation of Solid Rocket Motor Slag.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0566
• Matsuura, Yoshiki, and Yosuke Tashiro. 2013. “Hypergolic Propellant Ignition Phenomenon with Oxidizer Two-Phase Flow Injection.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-4154. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4154
• Matthews, George B. 1957. Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors: Determination of Combustion Time Lag Parameters in a Liquid Bipropellant Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0127419
• Mattice, J. 1982. “The Design of a Recoverable Liquid Propellant Rocket Stage for Providing Separation Velocity to Large Contamination-Sensitive Payloads.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1739. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1739
• Mattson and Tagg. 1995. “We Develop Missiles, Not Air.” https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA309953.pdf
• Matula, Thomas L., and Darryl J. Mitry. 2000. “Public Attitudes toward Overland Rocket Flight.” In Space 2000. American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/40479(204)68
• Matusiewicz, Adam, Robert Magiera, Adam Synowiec, et al. 2024. Suborbital Inexpensive Rocket (Sir) – Overview of the Project Results and Further Development Plan of Perun Suborbital Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/078356-0021
• Matuura, Nobuo. 1966. “The Condition of the Upper Atmosphere Based on the Electron Density Profiles of the f Region.” Canadian Journal of Physics 44 (1): 175–205. https://doi.org/10.1139/p66-012
• Matveev, Valery, Vasilii M. Zubanov, Leonid S. Shabliy, and Anastasia Korneeva. 2018. “Optimization of Nozzle Shape of Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engine.” In International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0006890003650370
• Matyushin, M. M., and A. V. Kuimov. 2021. “Forming the Rational Telemetry Message Traffic of Rocket and Space Engineering under the Restrictions on the Resources of Data-Transmission Channels.” Manned Spaceflight, no. 3(40): 66–81. https://doi.org/10.34131/msf.21.3.66-81
• Maydew, R. C. 1964. Comparison of Wind Tunnel and Flight Data for a Hypersonic Instrumentation Rocket. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4000106
• Mayer, Wolfgang, and Gerd Kruelle. 1992. “Rocket Engine Coaxial Injector Liquid/gas Interface Flow Phenomena.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3389. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3389
• Mayer, W., and G. Krulle. 2023. “Injection, Atomization and Mixing of Propellants in Liquid Rocket Engines Using Coxial Injectors.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/iclass-94.940
• Mayer, Wolfgang, and Hiroshi Tamura. 1995. “Flow Visualization of Supercritical Propellant Injection in a Firing LOX/GH2 Rocket Engine.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2433. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2433
• Maynard, L. 1969. “Software Concepts for a Minimum Cost Design Launch Vehicle System.” In Aerospace Computer Systems Conference. AIAA 1969-978. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-978
• Mayne Jr. and Arloe W. 1979. Roll-Damping Derivative Calculations for Spinning Sharp and Blunt Cones in Supersonic and Hypersonic Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada065594
• Mayo, E. E. 1966. Effects of Payload Weight and Length on the Mass and Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Apache and Cajun Sounding Rockets (Capache). NASA-TM-X-55440. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660014270
• Mayo, E. E. 1967. Nose Selection and Vehicle Motion Dynamics for the Second Stage of a Two-Stage Sounding Rocket System. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041784
• Mayo, E. E., and M. B. Nolan. 1967. An Evaluation of an Operational Sounding Rocket to Fulfill a New 100 Kilometer Requirement. NASA-TM-X-55738. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670012746
• Mazzone, Alessandro, Mario Rosario Chiarelli, and Gianpietro Di Rito. 2024. Conversion of a Two-Stage Expendable Rocket into a Reusable System and Analysis of Its Re-Entry Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0104
• Mbatha, N., V. Sivakumar, S. B. Malinga, H. Bencherif, and S. R. Pillay. 2009. “Study on the Impact of Sudden Stratosphere Warming in the Upper Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Regions Using Satellite and HF Radar Measurements.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-23051-2009
• McAdams, Kristin Lynn. n.d. “Sounding Rocket Based Investigations of HF Waves in the Auroral Ionosphere.” PhD diss., Dartmouth College. https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.2820
• McAdams, A. J. 1955. “Injury and Death from Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Journal of the American Medical Association 158 (12): 1022. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1955.02960120022007a
• McAmis, R., D. Lankford, and R. Torick Jr. 1991. “Application of a Chemically Reacting Navier-Stokes Code for Predicting Nozzle Performance of a High Area Ratio Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-307. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-307
• McAnally, J., and C. Engel. 1979. “Reentry Aerodynamic Heating Methods for Sounding Rocket Payloads.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-508. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-508
• McBride, Donald, John Henfling, and Edward Clark. 1999. “Pressure Data for the Experimental Validation of a Vortex-Based Parachute Inflation Code.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1747. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1747
• McCabe, M. K., and H. C. McAllister. 1982. “Identification of Fe I Lines in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 48. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820049149
• McCarty, R. 1975. “A Computer Subroutine for the Load-Elongation Characteristics of Parachute Suspension Lines.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1362. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1362
• McCarty, Robert E. 1978. Simulation of the Dynamic Tensile Characteristics of Nylon Parachute Materials. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada063497
• McCormack, P. D. 1964. “A Driving Mechanism for High Frequency Combustion Instability in Liquid Fuel Rocket Engines.” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 68 (645): 633–37. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0368393100080433
• McCoy, Robert L. 1976. The Effect of Wind on Flat-Fire Trajectories. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb012872
• McCrary, Parker D., Patrick S. Barber, Steven P. Kelley, and Robin D. Rogers. 2014. “Nonaborane and Decaborane Cluster Anions Can Enhance the Ignition Delay in Hypergolic Ionic Liquids and Induce Hypergolicity in Molecular Solvents.” Inorganic Chemistry 53 (9): 4770–76. https://doi.org/10.1021/ic500622f
• McCurdy, Ross C., Jake A. McCoy, Michael Labella, Alexandra Higley, James H. Tutt, and Randall L. McEntaffer. 2025. “Nanofabrication of a Variable-Line-Spaced, Blazed Master Grating for the off-Plane Grating Rocket Experiment Pathfinder Mission.” In Optics for EUV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Astronomy XII, edited by Jessica A. Gaskin, Daniele Spiga. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3063288
• McDaniel, Melissa, Christine Evans, and Dan Lesieutre. 2010. “The Effect of Tail Fin Parameters on the Induced Roll of a Canard-Controlled Missile.” In 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2010-4226. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4226
• McDonald, M. 1979. Design and Fabrication of Quadrupole Ion Mass Spectrometer for Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada083022
• McDonald, A. 1985. “Design Evolution of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motors.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1265. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1265
• McDonald, Allan. 1989a. “Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor Enhancements.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2620. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2620
• McDonald, Allan. 1989b. “Return to Flight with the Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2404. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2404
• McDonald, Allan. 1992. “Chemical Rocket Propulsion and the Environment.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1660
• McDonald, Allan J. 2010. Solid Rocket Motor Failure. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae106
• McDonald, Allan J., and Robert R. Bennett. 1995. “Atmospheric Environmental Implications of Propulsion Systems.” In NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center, Aerospace Environmental Technology Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950025326
• McDonald, Helena, Sebastian D. Eastham, and Raymond L. Speth. 2025. Reducing the Environmental Impacts of Rocket Launch Emissions through Launch Parameter Variations. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-13478
• McDonnell, J. A. M. 1967. Detection of Meteoritic Dust from a Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680032499
• McElwain, Brian, and Erin Noonan. 2001. “Design and Evaluation of a Microrocket Propellant Tank.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3
• McEntaffer, Randall L., Webster Cash, and Ann Shipley. 2005. “Sounding Rocket Payload Development for x-Ray Observations of the Cygnus Loop.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5900, edited by Oberto Citterio, Stephen L. O’Dell. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.615423
• McEntaffer, Randall L., Webster Cash Jr., Ann Shipley, and Eric Schindhelm. 2006. “A Sounding Rocket Payload for x-Ray Observations of the Cygnus Loop.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 6266, edited by Martin J. L. Turner, Günther Hasinger. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.671519
• McEwan, A. 1970. “An Investigation of Parachute Opening Loads, and a New Engineering Method for Their Determination.” In 3rd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1970-1168. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1168
• McGall, J. 1967. C-1 Engine. Propellant Valve Qualification, Volume 2, Book 3 Final Report. NASA-CR-61733. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680013349
• McGarvey, J. F. 1967. Evaluation of Error in Application of WKB METHOD to Linearized Post Burnout Equation of Motion of a Sounding Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041781
• McGarvey, J. F. 1973. “Recovery of Sounding Rocket Payloads by Center-of-Gravity Position Control.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038411
• McGarvey, James F. 1976. “Application of Parametric and Non-Parametric Statistics to Sounding Rocket Dispersion Including Large Sample and Small Sample Theory.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052287
• McGarvey, J. F. 1979. Theory of Prediction of Solar Eclipse as Observed from a Sounding Rocket Using Rocket Trajectory and Eclipse Ephemeris. AIAA PAPER 79-0511. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041760
• McGinnis, F., III, and W. Jordan. 1973. “Impingement of Small, Very High Pressure Solid Rocket Motor Plumes upon Nearby Surfaces.” In 8th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1973-730. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-730
• McGrath, David. 1996. “Thiokol Solid Rocket Motors on the Saturn V Launch Vehicle.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-3151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3151
• McHugh, M., and C. Rinsland. 2003. “Studies of the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere from ATMOS Measurements.” In Fourier Transform Spectroscopy. OSA. https://doi.org/10.1364/fts.2003.ftud4
• McInerny, Sally Anne, and Semih M. Ölçmen. 2005. “High-Intensity Rocket Noise: Nonlinear Propagation, Atmospheric Absorption, and Characterization.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 117 (2): 578–91. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1841711
• McIntosh, R., G. Knowles, and R. Hembach. 1972. “Sounding Rocket Heat Pipe Experiment.” In 7th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1972-259. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-259
• McKenna, E. 1979. “Post Burnout Thrust and Outgassing Characteristics of Solid Propellant Rocket Motorsseparated Payload Collision Avoidance and Instrument Contamination.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-513. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-513
• McKenna, Edward. 1990. Sounding Rocket Flight Data Summary, 1977-October 1990. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada233656
• McKenzie, David E., Ryohko Ishikawa, Javier Trujillo Bueno, et al. n.d.-a. “Demonstration of Chromospheric Magnetic Mapping with CLASP2.1.” In 54th Meeting of the Solar Physics Division. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230012101
• McKenzie, David E., Ryohko Ishikawa, Javier Trujillo Bueno, et al. n.d.-b. Space-Based UV Spectropolarimetry for Chromospheric Magnetic Field Measurements. Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220002958
• McKenzie, D. L., P. B. Landecker, and J. H. Underwood. 1976. Crystals and Collimators for X-Ray Spectrometry. Aerospace Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760064814
• McKown, R. 1989. “Low Cost Design Approaches for the Advanced Launch System (ALS) Propulsion System.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2749. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2749
• McLaughlin, Craig A., Dhaval M. Krishna, Piyush M. Mehta, et al. 2013. Thermosphere Density Variability, Drag Coefficients, and Precision Satellite Orbits. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada582025
• McMillion, L. G. 1997. A Simple Method for Predicting RF Attenuation through a Rocket Exhaust Plume. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada443181
• McQuaid, Michael J. 2003. Computationally Based Measures of Amine Azide Basicity and Their Correlation with Hypergolic Ignition Delays. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada420016
• Meacham, Michael B., Andrew Kennett, Derik J. Townsend, and Benjamin Marti. 2013. “Rocket Sled Propelled Testing of a Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerator.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1351. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1351
• Mead, in B, Franklin, Jr. 1995. “Early Developments in Hybrid Propulsion Technology at the Air Force Rocket Propulsion Laboratory.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2946. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2946
• Meadors, Constance, J. Elasser, A. Wright, and M. Hudson. 2000. “Design of an Optical Port in the Combustion Chamber of a Labscale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3888. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3888
• Meadows, G. 1976. “Spacecraft Contamination by Ion Thrusters with 2- and 3-Electrode Extraction Systems.” In 12th International Electric Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-1055. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1055
• Meadows, Edith B., and John W. Townsend. 1956. “Neutral Gas Composition of the Upper Atmosphere by a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer.” Journal of Geophysical Research 61 (3): 576–77. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz061i003p00576
• Measurement of Upper Atmospheric Ionization and Wind with a Combined Payload Second Quarterly Report, 1 Nov. 1964: 31 Jan. 1965. 1965. NASA-CR-67035. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650024617
• “Measurements of Infrared Optical Properties of A12O3 Rocket Particles.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0180.0196
• “Mechanical Properties and the Design of Solid Propellant Motors.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0067.0100
• “Mechanisms of Formation of the Solar Spectrum.” 2008. In Ultraviolet and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Solar Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511585968.005
• Mechentel, Flora S., and Brian J. Cantwell. 2018. “Small-Scale Gaseous Oxygen Hybrid Rocket Testing Facility Upgrades for Regression Rate and Combustion Efficiency Studies.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4439. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4439
• Mechentel, Flora S., A. M. Coates, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2017. “Small-Scale Gaseous Oxygen Hybrd Rocket Testing for Regression Rate and Combustion Efficiency Studies.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4643. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4643
• Mechentel, Flora S., Blake Hord, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2019. “Optically Resolved Fuel Regression of a Clear PMMA Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4192
• Mechtly, E. A. 1974. “Accuracy of Rocket Measurements of Lower Ionosphere Electron Concentrations.” Radio Science 9 (3): 373–78. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs009i003p00373
• “Medical and Training Requirements for Suborbital Flight.” n.d. In Springer Praxis Books. Praxis. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74644-9_4
• Mehta, R. C. 2025. “Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of Underexpanded, Fully-Expanded and Overexpanded Supersonic Jets Emanating from a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle.” Scholars Journal of Engineering and Technology 13 (22): 552–68. https://doi.org/10.36347/sjet.2025.v13i07.008
• Meier, R. R. 1966. Rocket Determination of the Daytime Sodium Distribution in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA-CR-79293. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670001418
• Meier, R. R., R. R. Conway, D. E. Anderson Jr., P. D. Feldman, and E. P. Gentieu. 1985. “The Ultraviolet Dayglow at Solar Maximum. III: Photoelectron-Excited Emissions of N2 and O.” Journal of Geophysical Research 90. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850058060
• Meier, Maycon, Emma Schmidt, Patrick Martinez, John Quinlan, and Brandon Runnels. 2023. “Diffuse Interface Method for Solid Composite Propellant Ignition and Regression.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/3085
• Meira, L. G., Jr. 1971. Rocket Measurements of Upper Atmospheric Nitric Oxide and Their Consequences to the Lower Ionosphere. NASA-CR-1690. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009660
• Meisl, C. 1986. “Life Cycle Cost Considerations for Launch Vehicle Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1408. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1408
• Melcher, J., Rodney Burton, and Herman Krier. 1999. “Combustion of Aluminum Particles in Solid Rocket Motor Flows.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2630. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2630
• Melcher, John, Herman Krier, and Rodney Burton. 2001. “Burning Aluminum Particles inside a Laboratory-Scale Solid Rocket Motor.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3947. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3947
• Melof, Brian, and Mark Grubelich. 2001. “Investigation of Hypergolic Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3837
• Melrose, B. T. 1972. A Unique Modulation System for Two Channel Data Transmission. NASA-CR-127039. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720018470
• Melzig, H. D., and P. K. Schmidt. 1965. Parachute Canopies during Inflation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0631777
• Mendenhall, Jeffrey A., David N. Burrows, Laura J. Cawley, et al. 1996. “CCD Sounding Rocket Observations of the Soft x-Ray Background.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2808, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund, Mark A. Gummin. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.256016
• Mendillo, Michael. 2003. Disturbances of the Low Latitude Ionosphere during Extremes of Geomagnetic Activity. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada628775
• Mendillo, Michael J., Jeffrey L. Baumgardner, J. Wroten, and Carlos R. Martinis. 2025. Recent Observations of Rocket Exhaust Effects on the Ionosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-3801
• Mendonça de Azevedo, Arthur, Elisan dos Santos Magalhães, and Humberto Machado. 2022. “Estimation of Heat Convection Coefficient in a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Nozzle.” In Procceedings of the 19th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2022.cit22-0437
• Mendoza, Paull Acosta, Rene Gonçalves, Leonardo Gouvêa, and Luís Ferroni Pereira. 2024. “Composition Optimization of a Hypergolic Green Propellant Based on Monoethanolamine and N-Butanol.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4731656
• Menees, G., and C. Park. 1974. “Nitric Oxide Formation by Meteoroids in the Upper Atmosphere.” In 7th Fluid and PlasmaDynamics Conference. AIAA 1974-591. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-591
• Meneses, F. C. 2011. “A Representative Airglow Volume Emission Profile from Rocket-Bor-0ne Photometer Data by an Artificial Neural Network Technique.” Journal of Computational Interdisciplinary Sciences 2 (2). https://doi.org/10.6062/jcis.2011.02.02.0037
• Meng, C. I., and P. T. Newell. 1988. Investigations of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Relevant to Operational Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada195972
• Meng, Xing, and Olga P. Verkhoglyadova. 2021. “Quantifying Contributions of External Drivers to the Global Ionospheric State.” Space Weather 19 (9): e2021SW002752. https://doi.org/10.1029/2021sw002752
• Merifield, P. M., and J. Rammelkamp. 1964. Photo Interpretation of White Sands Rocket Photography Report No. 2. NASA-CR-68274. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660002882
• “Merits of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines and Their Applications.” 2006. In History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868870.0005.0022
• Mermagen, W. H. 1964. High ‘g’ Telemetry for Ballistic Range Instrumentation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0444246
• Merryman, H. L., and L. R. Smith. 1974. Performance of a UTC FW-4S Solid Propellant Rocket Motor under the Command Effects of Simulated Altitude and Rotational Spin. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada002149
• Merryman, H. L., and L. R. Smith. 1975. Altitude Qualification Test of the Aerojet SVM-6 Solid-Propellant Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb007226
• “Metal Combustion in Deflagrating Propellant.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0287.0291
• “Metals, Energetic Additives, and Special Binders Used in Solid Fuels for Hybrid Rockets.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0413.0456
• Meteorological Satellites and Sounding Rockets. 1965. NASA-EP-27. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660001138
• “A Method of Strength Analysis of Solid Propellant Rocket Grains.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0101.0120
• Meyer, Rudolf X. 1938. Magnetohydrodynamics and Aerodynamic Heating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608024
• Meyer, R. A. 1958. Wind Tunnel Investigation of Conventional Types of Parachute Canopies in Supersonic Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0208856
• Meyers, S. C. 1973. “Aeroelastic Analysis of Sounding Rocket Vehicles.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038402
• Miao, Ji, Xiaona Sun, Yanshou Luo, and Jun An. 2024a. “Optimizing and Designing Upper-Stage Separation Spring of Lifting-Body Rocket.” Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 42 (1): 108–16. https://doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20244210108
• Miao, Yunfei, Guoping Wang, Xiaoting Rui, and Bo Li. 2023. “Dynamics Modelling and Influencing Factor Analysis of a Rocket-Launcher Coupling System Considering Uncertain Parameters.” Journal of Vibration and Control 30 (13–14): 2816–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775463231186202
• Micci, Michael M. 1997. Contributions of Atomization, Vaporization and Combustion to Liquid Rocket Acoustic Energy. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada329776
• Micci, M., and L. Caveny. 1980. “MHD Measurement of Acoustic Velocities in Rocket Motor Chambers.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1127. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1127
• Michel, R. W. 1983. Combustion Performance and Heat Transfer Characterization of LOX/hydrocarbon Type Propellants, Volume 1. NASA-CR-171713. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840003251
• Michigan Univ Ann Arbor. 1963. The Feasibility of a Rotating Detonation Wave Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0410035
• Mickola, Richard H. 1961. Performance Summary of the Supersonic Diffuser and Its Application to Altitude Testing of Captive Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0256347
• Micrometeorite Paraglider Experiment. 1963. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630007868
• “The Mighty Little Aerobee.” n.d. In James Van Allen. University of Iowa Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt20mvbft.12
• Migliorino, Mario Tindaro, Giorgio Gubernari, Daniele Bianchi, et al. 2023. “Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Paraffin-Based 1000 N Thrust Class Hybrid Rocket Including Nozzle Erosion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2351. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2351
• Mikeska, A. 1965. “Stresses in an Ablating, Viscoelastic, Case- Bonded Cylinder.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-177. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-177
• Mikkelsen, C., and G. Roys. 1982. “Application of the Saderholm Erosive Burning Model to Nozzleless Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1146. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1146
• Miles, Drew M. 2025. “Great Observatories Maturation: A Review of NASA Astrophysics Development through Suborbital Rocket and Balloon Programs.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 11 (04): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.11.4.042220
• Miles, Drew M., Randall L. McEntaffer, Ted B. Schultz, et al. 2017. “An Introduction to the Water Recovery x-Ray Rocket.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XX, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2274249
• Millard, W. 1970. “Performance and Flight Characteristics of the Sandhawk Family of Rocket Systems.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1398. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1398
• Millard, Steven. 2008. “Risk Considerations for the Launch of the SpaceX Falcon 1 Rocket.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7121. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7121
• Millard, W., W. Barton, and P. Hoekstra. 1982. “Development Flight Test Results and Performance Capabilities for theMalemute II Rocket Motor.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1726
• Millard, Jerry M., Taylor W. Luan, and Mack W. Dowdy. 1992. “Hot Rocket Plume Experiment: Survey and Conceptual Design.” In In: Optical system contamination: Effects, measurement, control III, Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-32476 12-19). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930048480
• Miller, Wayne O. 1974a. Black Brant IV a Rocket Probe Receiver Experiment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada003356
• Miller, R. W. 1974b. Cyclic Fatigue Analysis of Rocket Thrust Chambers. Volume 1: OFHC Copper Chamber Low Cycle Fatigue. NASA-CR-134641-VOL-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740026129
• Miller, R. W. 1974c. Cyclic Fatigue Analysis of Rocket Thrust Chambers. Volume 2: Attitude Control Thruster High Cycle Fatigue. NASA-CR-134641-VOL-2. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740026130
• Miller, Clarence D. 1977. “Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylinders.” Journal of the Structural Division 103 (3): 695–721. https://doi.org/10.1061/jsdeag.0004591
• Miller, T. M. 1984. Ionic Reactions in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada141185
• Miller, A. J., and F. G. Finger. 1972. Results of a Rocket-Nimbus Sounder Comparison Experiment. NASA-CR-62081. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720021785
• Miller, C. G., P. A. Gnoffo, and J. R. Micol. 1984a. “Heat-Transfer Distributions for Biconics at Incidence in Hypersonic-Hypervelocity Real-Gas Flows.” In Shock tubes and waves. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850043327
• Miller, C. G., J. R. Micol, P. A. Gnoffo, and S. E. Wilder. 1983. “Heat-Transfer Distributions on Biconics at Incidence in Hypersonic-Hypervelocity He, N2, Air, and CO2 Flows.” In AIAA Thermophys. Conf.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830018879
• Miller, Eugene, and Scott Mitsom. 1984. The Suppression of Afterburning in Solid Rocket Plumes by Potassium Salts. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada151209
• Miller, Matthew J., Bradley A. Steinfeldt, and Robert D. Braun. 2014. “Supersonic Inflatable Aerodynamic Decelerators for Use on Sounding Rocket Payloads.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2014-1092. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1092
• Miller, A. J., H. M. Woolf, and F. G. Finger. 1968. “Small-Scale Wind and Temperature Structure as Evidenced by Meteorological Rocket Systems.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 7 (3): 390–99. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1968)007<0390:sswats>2.0.co;2
• Miller, C. G., III, J. R. Micol, and P. A. Gnoffo. 1984b. Laminar Heat-Transfer Distributions on Biconics at Incidence in Hypersonic-Hypervelocity Flows. NASA-TP-2213. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850007756
• Miller, C. F., Jr. 1969a. A Graphic Method for Determining the Absolute Attitude of Sounding Rocket Vehicles. NASA-TN-D-5172. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690014404
• Miller, C. F., Jr. 1969b. Graphically Determining Sounding Rocket Vehicle Attitudes. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700034725
• Miller, C. F., Jr. 1971. Vehicle Attitude: An Analysis of Flight 4.272 UA. NASA-TM-X-65570. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710018262
• Miller, Peter L., Jr. 1975. A Method for the Calculation of Parachute Opening Forces for High Altitude Balloon Payloads. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada014805
• Milligan, Ryan O., Hugh S. Hudson, Phillip C. Chamberlin, Iain G. Hannah, and Laura A. Hayes. 2020. “Lyman-Alpha Variability during Solar Flares over Solar Cycle 24 Using GOES-15/EUVS-E.” Space Weather 18 (7): e2019SW002331. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019sw002331
• Milligan, J. E., and T. P. Stecher. 1963. Observational Astrophysics from Rockets. Stellar Spectra. NASA-TM-X-50021. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640000560
• Milos, Marko, and Vladica Bozic. 1998. “Small Motor Measurement Method for Determining Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Propellants.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3390. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3390
• Milton, J., D. Daniel, and R. Watt. 1982. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Hypersonic Spin Stabilized Projectiles.” In 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1982-52. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-52
• Mimasu, Yuya, Tomohiro Narumi, and Jozef van der Ha. 2008. “Attitude Determination by Magnetometer and Gyros during Eclipse.” In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6932. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6932
• Mimno, Harry Rowe. 1938. “Long-Distance Radio Reception and the E-Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 142 (3586): 163–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/142163c0
• Minakov, Yurii. 2025. “Prospects for the Use of Rocket Fuel Based on Kerosene-Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-032
• Mingireanu, F. 2016. “Small Launcher Enabled by Hybrid Rocket Motor Technology.” International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 17 (17): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.21608/amme.2016.35171
• Mingori, D., and Y. Yam. 1986. “Nutational Stability of a Spinning Spacecraft with Internal Mass Motion and Axial Thrust.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2271. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2271
• Minnesota Univ Minneapolis Inst Of Tech. 1962. Theoretical Parachute Investigations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0605144
• Minor, Jody. 2001. “Satellite Contamination and Materials Outgassing Knowledgebase.” In 35th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2001-2957. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2957
• Minor, Jody, Bobby E. Wood, B. David Green, and Sopo K. Yung. 2004. “NASA’s SEE Program Review and Satellite Contamination and Materials Outgassing Knowledgebase Update.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5526, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, John C. Fleming, Michael G. Dittman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.562673
• “Minor Neutral Constituents in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” 1972. Radio Science 7 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs007i001p00001
• Miron, Y., and H. E. Perlee. 1974. The Hard Start Phenomena in Hypergolic Engines. Volume 1: Bibliography. NASA-CR-134313. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020114
• Mironer, A., and J. Otis. 1986. “Thermodynamic Performance of Liquid-Helium Dewars for Sounding-Rocket Payloads.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2534. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2534
• Mironer, A., R. Urquhart, and C. Krebs. 1982. “Venting of Sounding: Rocket Payloads.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1729. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1729
• Mirzamoghadam, A. 1991. “Advanced Liquid Rocket Chamber Wall Cooling Design Criteria.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-1982. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1982
• Mishina, Yuki, Ryoya Umeoka, and Takeshi Kanda. 2020. “Study of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine High-Frequency Combustion Instability.” Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2020 (0): J19104. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2020.j19104
• Mishra, D. P. 2017a. “Hybrid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315175997-9
• Mishra, D. P. 2017b. “Liquid-Propellant Injection System.” In Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315175997-10
• Mishra, D. P. 2017c. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315175997-8
• Mishra, D. P. 2017d. “Rocket Nozzle.” In Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315175997-4
• Mishra, D. P. 2017e. “Solid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Fundamentals of Rocket Propulsion. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315175997-7
• Misterek, D., J. Murdock, and S. Koshigoe. 1991. “Gas Dynamic Flow in a Spinning, Coning Solid Rocket Motor.” In 22nd Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1991-1671. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1671
• Mitcham, Grady L., Willard S. Blanchard, and Earl C. Hastings Jr. 1952. Summary of Low-Lift Drag and Directional Stability Data from Rocket Models of the Douglas XF4D-1 Airplane with and without External Stores and Rocket Packets at Mach Numbers from 0.8 to 1.38 TED No. NACA DE-349. NACA-RM-SL52G11. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029440
• Mitchell, Royce. 1992. “The Advanced Solid Rocket Motor.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1992-1655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1655
• Mitchell, C. N., and P. S. Cannon. 2002. Multi-Instrument Data Analysis System (MIDAS) Imaging of the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada445580
• Mitchell, Walter E., Jr., and Orren C. Mohler. 1969. “Revision of the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum in the Range 3650-3000 A.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 18: 379. https://doi.org/10.1086/190194
• Mitchell, R., and N. Ryan. 1964. “Flame Spread on Solid Propellant.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-128
• Mitcheltree, R. A. 1991. A Parametric Study of Dissociation and Ionization Models at 12 Km/sec. AIAA PAPER 91-1368. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910058811
• Mitikov, Yu.А. 2015. “Kerosene Fuel Tank Super-Cold Pressurization System Parameters Mathematical Modeling.” Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 21 (5(96)): 43–47. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2015.05.043
• Mitikov, Yurii A., and Serhii A. Kuda. 2015. “Influence of Hot Helium Input Speed on Parameters of Pressurization System of Prolongated Fuel Tank.” Collection of Scientific Publications NUS 459 (3): 66–69. https://doi.org/10.15589/jnn20150310
• Mitikov, Yurii, and Olexiy Shynkarenko. 2022. “Reduction of the Pressurization System Final Mass for a Modern Rocket Launcher.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 14: e0122. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v14.1238
• Mitikov, Y. O., and M. V. Tykha. 2012. “An Increase of the Performance of the Generator System of a Pressurization Tank with Liquid Oxygen.” Kosmìčna nauka ì tehnologìâ 18 (5(78)): 24–28. https://doi.org/10.15407/knit2012.05.024
• Mitra, S. K. 1946. “Geomagnetic Control of Region F2 of the Ionosphere.” Nature 158 (4019): 668–69. https://doi.org/10.1038/158668a0
• Mitra, S. K. 1950. “Upper Atmosphere.” MAUSAM 1 (1): 84–85. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v1i1.3969
• Mitra, A. P. 1970. “The Chemistry of the D-Region.” In Solar Eclipses and the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1839-2_4
• Mittal, Vedansh, Kripal, and G. Srinivas. 2026. “Structural Design Evolution of a High-Power Solid Rocket Motor for Sounding Rockets: A Case Study on Bolted Connections, Testing, and Validation.” Engineering Research Express 8 (11): 115506. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ae7014
• Miyajima, H., K. Nakahashi, H. Hirakoso, and E. Sogame. 1983. “Performance of a Low Thrust LO2/LH2 Engine with a 300:1 Area Ratio Nozzle.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1313. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1313
• Miyazato, Yoshiaki, Masashi Kashitani, Hiroshi Katanoda, and Kazuyasu Matsuo. 1995. “Characteristics of Overexpanded Flow in a Supersonic Nozzle.” Journal of the Visualization Society of Japan 15 (Supplement2): 23–26. https://doi.org/10.3154/jvs.15.supplement2_23
• Miyoshi, Masaya, Koichi Mori, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2009a. “Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation Process.” In Computational Fluid Dynamics 2008. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01273-0_64
• Miyoshi, Masaya, Koichi Mori, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2009b. “Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation Process by IB Method.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 57 (670): 419–25. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.57.419
• Mkrtchyan, Kochetkov N. Yu. M. K. 2023. “Theoretical Studies of Parabolic and Hyperbolic Equations of Motion to Refine the Design Parameters of Processes in a Liquid Rocket Engine.” Vestnik Mashinostroeniya: 221–24. https://doi.org/10.36652/0042-4633-2023-102-3-221-224
• Mkrtchyan, Kochetkov Yu. M. M. K. 2024. “Profiling of Supersonic Rocket Engine Nozzles under the Condition of Observing the Real Properties of Combustion Products by the Grid-Characteristic Method.” Vestnik Mashinostroeniya: 811–15. https://doi.org/10.36652/0042-4633-2024-103-10-811-815
• Mkrtchyan, Mger, and Yury Kochetkov. 2021. “Gas Dynamic Characteristics Computing of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine for Laminar Flows.” Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta 28 (2): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.34759/vst-2021-2-166-176
• Mlodnosky, R. F., and O. K. Garriott. 1962. “The v. l. f. Admittance of a Dipole in the Lower Ionosphere.” In International Conference on The Ionosphere. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630012870
• Mocio, Mark. 2001. “Demonstrating Low Cost Access to Space for Small Satellites: The DoD Space Test Program Medium Launch Vehicle 2005 Mission.” In AIAA Space 2001 Conference and Exposition. AIAA 2001-4582. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4582
• The Model of Combustion Instability. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118890035.ch7
• “Modeling Liquid-Propellant Spray Combustion Processes.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0251.0293
• Modelling Nonsteady Combustion in a Solid Rocket Motor. 2020. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119525721.ch8
• “Modification of the Ionosphere Caused by Rocket and Space Vehicle Burn and Launch.” 2013. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-16
• “Modification of the Ionosphere Caused by Rocket and Space Vehicle Burn and Launch.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-21
• “Modular Heavy Payload Autonomously Guided Ram-Air Parachute.” 2009. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 81 (3). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2009.12781caf.006
• Moe, Kenneth. 1966. “On the Relationship of Geomagnetic Storms to the Density of the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 18 (2): 141–50. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.18.141
• Moe, Kenneth, and Mildred M. Moe. 2011. “Operational Models and Drag-Derived Density Trends in the Thermosphere.” Space Weather 9 (5): 2010SW000650. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010sw000650
• Moen, Marina. 2011. “Feasibility of Orion Crew Module Entry on Half of Available Propellant Due to Tank Isolation Fault.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6655
• Mogavero, M. 1976. “A Method for Controlling Roll Rate on Spin-Restricted Sounding Rockets.” In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1976-1854. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1854
• Mohammed, Al Kadhimi Ali Noori. 2020. “Measurement of the Density and the Composition of the Upper Atmosphere by the Electron-Ion Trap Sensor.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 928 (2): 022039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/928/2/022039
• Mohatkar, Shubham D. 2024. “Design and Analysis of Composite Rocket Motor Casing.” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12 (5): 4079–81. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.62497
• Moiseev, M. G., E. A. Nikulicheva, and V. S. Suminova. 2004. “Convergent-Divergent Nozzle under Highly Overexpanded Conditions.” Fluid Dynamics 39 (3): 503–10. https://doi.org/10.1023/b:flui.0000038569.29058.7e
• Mokin, Yu. A., С. Т. Калашников, and R. K. Shvaleva. 2022. “Estimate of Variance of an Aerodynamic Drag Coefficient of a Rotary Body with Small Random Surface Distortions of Composite Thermal Protection Coating at Supersonic Flow.” Composite Materials Constructions, no. 1: 5–10. https://doi.org/10.52190/2073-2562_2022_1_5
• Molchanov, A. G., and Yu. V. Platov. 2011. “Gasdynamic Propagation of Rocket Exhaust Products in the Upper Atmosphere.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 51 (6): 806–11. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793211060119
• Moldoveanu, Cristian-Emil, Maximilien Du Parc, and Pamfil ȘOmoiag. 2017. “Aspects Regarding the Unguided Rocket Effectiveness.” Review of the Air Force Academy 15 (1): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2017.15.1.11
• Molozzi, A. R., and J. R. Richardson. 1966. The Measured Impedance of a Dipole Antenna in the Ionosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660050756
• Momenthy, A. M. 1964. “Propellant Tank Pressurization-System Analysis.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0525-6_32
• Moncy, Jiljo K., and Kesavabrahmaji Karuturi. 2021. “Extended Kalman Filter-Based Attitude Estimation Using Magnetometer- and Sun Sensor-Aided MEMS Gyros.” In Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1777-5_14
• Montag, W. H., D. F. Detwiler Jr., and L. Hall. 1986. Application of Boost Guidance to NASA Sounding Rocket Launch Operations at the White Sands Missile Range. AIAA PAPER 86-2523. Conatec, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028466
• Montag, W. H., V. M. Maksimovic, and J. E. Lindahl. 1982. “Black Brant X Third Stage Dispersion Dynamics.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064539
• Montag, W., and L. Walker Jr. 1979. “Nike Black Brant V High Altitude Dynamic Instability Characteristics.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-507. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-507
• “Monte Carlo Trajetory Simulations of a Roll Stabilized 122mm Artillery Rocket.” 2012. In International Conference on Software Technology and Engineering (ICSTE 2012). ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.860151_ch29
• Montesano, Giovanni. 2021. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Considerations for Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics Modeling.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14652105.v1
• Montgomery, R. 1970. “Range Safety on the Eastern Test Range.” In Launch Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-246. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-246
• Montre, Trevor Allen. n.d. “Experimental Investigation of a 2-D Air Augmented Rocket: Effects of Nozzle Lip Thickness on Rocket Mixing and Entrainment.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2011.217
• Moody, D. R. 1970. “Lockseal for Thrust Vector Control of Rocket Motors.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/700777
• Moody, D. R., and M. Nakai. 1965. “Selection of a Least “Cost” Hydraulic System for Launch Vehicle Engine Position Control.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/650319
• Moog, R., D. Bacchus, and L. Utreja. 1979a. “Performance Evaluation of Space Shuttle SRB Parachutes from Air Drop and Scaled Model Wind Tunnel testsSolid Rocket Booster Recovery System.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-464. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-464
• Moog, R., and D. A. Kross. 1982. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Reentry and Decelerator System Loads and Dynamics.” In Shock and Vibration Inform. Center The Shock and Vibration Bull., No. 52. Part 2. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830022424
• Moog, R., J. Sheppard, and D. Kross. 1979b. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Decelerator Subsystem Drop Test Results.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-463. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-463
• Moon, Junseok, and Changjin Lee. 2024. “PI Thrust Control of Hybrid Rocket with Thrust Hysteresis.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 52 (2): 149–55. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2024.52.2.149
• Moore, Wendell F. 1961. Small Rocket Lift Device. Phase 1. Design, Fabrication, and Static Testing. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0253783
• Moore, W. M. 1963. A Solid-State Data-Storage Digital Telemetry System for Obtaining Reentry Research Data Using Solid-Fuel Rocket Vehicles. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630027461
• Moore, Frank G. 1972. Body Alone Aerodynamics of Guided and Unguided Projectiles at Subsonic, Transonic and Supersonic Mach Numbers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0754098
• Moore, Frank G. 1993. State-of-the-Art Engineering Aeroprediction Methods with Emphasis on New Semiempirical Techniques for Predicting Nonlinear Aerodynamics on Complete Missile Configurations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada273680
• Moore, Roscoe M. 1998. “Risk Analysis and the Regulation of Reusable Launch Vehicles.” Journal of Air Law and Commerce 64 (1): 245. https://doi.org/10.25172/jalc.64.1.13
• Moore, James W. 2013. “An Airborne Parachute Compartment Test Bed for the Orion Parachute Test Program.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1289
• Moore, C. E., C. M. Brown, G. D. Sandlin, S. G. Tilford, and R. Tousey. 1977. “The Presence of Si I Series in the Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum: 3000 to 1200 A.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 33. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770048211
• Moore, Frank G., and Tom C. Hymer. 2000. Improvements in Pitch Damping for the Aeroprediction Code with Particular Emphasis on Flare Configurations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada375056
• Moore, F., and T. Hymer. 2001. “Semiempirical Prediction of Pitch Damping Moments for Configurations with Flares.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-101
• Moore, Jeffrey, Kenneth Kuo, and Peter Ferrara. 2007. “Flame Spreading in a Simulated Fin-Slot Rocket Motor.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5780. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5780
• Moore, Frank, and L. Moore. 2008a. “A New Method to Predict Nonlinear Roll Damping Moments.” In 38th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4375. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4375
• Moore, Frank, and Linda Moore. 2008b. “New Methods to Predict Nonlinear Pitch Damping Moments.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-215. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-215
• Moore, James, and Aaron Morris. 2011. “A Hybrid Parachute Simulation Environment for the Orion Parachute Development Project.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2583. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2583
• Moore, Dennis, Jack Phelps, Donna Freeland, et al. 2011. “The Reusable Solid Rocket Booster (RSRB): An Booster System.” In AIAA SPACE 2011 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2011-7156. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-7156
• Moore, C. E., R. Tousey, G. D. Sandlin, C. M. Brown, S. G. Tilford, and M. L. Ginter. 1975. Ultraviolet Solar Identifications Based on Extended Absorption Series Observed in the Laboratory Spectrum of Si I. Hulburt (E. O.) Center for Space Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760036569
• Moore, Jeffrey, Robert Wehrman, Peter Ferrara, and Kenneth Kuo. 2006. “Development of a Correlation between Internal Flow Field and Heat-Flux Measurements in a Simulated Fin-Slot Rocket Motor.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4772. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4772
• Mora, Serge, Martine Le Berre, and Yves Pomeau. 2026. “Falling Sphere through Drag Crisis.” Physical Review Fluids 11 (2): 024401. https://doi.org/10.1103/27kx-pcvw
• Moran, Kenneth, and Philip Beran. 1995. “Fin-Interference Effects on the Aerodynamics of a Swept-Fin Missile.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1899. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1899
• Morel, Grégory, Vincent Fabbro, Olivier Boisot, and Laurent Féral. 2025. “Ionospheric Scintillation Modeling II. Theoretical Study of Power Spectral Densities of Ionospheric Scintillation.” Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 15: 54. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2025050
• Moreno, Eduardo, Mario Ivan Martínez Hernández, Rodolfo Palomino Merino, Mario Rodriguez Cahuatzi, and Guillermo Tejeda Muñoz. 2017. “Measurement of the Cosmic Ray Rate as a Function of the Altitude and Atmospheric Variables Using a Portable Detector.” In Proceedings of 35th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2017). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.301.0346
• Moretti, A., Jéro^me Rodriguez, and Phillippe Ferrando. 2009. “A New Measurement of the Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3149419
• Morey, T. F., and M. M. Koshar. 1961. “Autogenous Pressurization System Analysis of Propellant Tank Pressurization.” In Propulsion Space Science and Space Exploration. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-395682-8.50010-8
• Mori, Hidehiko, Jiro Kochiyama, Makoto Miwada, et al. 1992. “Development of the Attitude and Rate Control System of the TR-IA Rocket Using Fiber Optic Gyros.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4319
• Mori, D., and J. Onoda. 1979. “Shock and Vibration Characteristic of Solid Rocket Vehicles.” In High Velocity Deformation of Solids. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67208-8_34
• Morin, Richard L. 1978. Motor Drive Systems for Sounding Rocket Payloads,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada063254
• Morita, W. H. 1964. “Parametric Booster Tankage Design Studies (Rocket Booster Propellant Tank Design for Six Material-Construction Variations).” In 5th Annual Structures and Materials Conference. AIAA 1964-1001. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1001
• Morita, Yasuhiro. 2020. “Research on Innovative High Performance and Low-Cost Solid Rocket Fuel.” Impact 2020 (5): 36–38. https://doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.5.36
• Morita, Yasuhiro, Takayuki Imoto, Shinichiro Tokudome, and Hirohito Ohtsuka. 2012a. “Epsilon Rocket Launcher and Future Solid Rocket Technologies.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 10 (ists28): Tg_19-Tg_24. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.10.tg_19
• Morita, Takakazu, Koki Kitagawa, Saburo Yuasa, Shigeru Yamaguchi, and Toru Shimada. 2012b. “Low-Frequency Combustion Instability Induced by the Combustion Time Lag of Liquid Oxidizer in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 10 (ists28): Pa_37-Pa_41. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.10.pa_37
• Morita, A., T. Nagaoka, and H. Isoda. 1981. “Effect of Pressure Oscillation on the Burning Rate of Solid Propellant.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1521
• Morita, Yasuhiro, Hirohito Ohtsuka, and Kensaku Tanaka. 2013b. “A New Challenge in Robust Control of the Advanced Solid Rocket Launcher.” In Artificial Intelligence and Applications / 794: Modelling, Identification and Control / 795: Parallel and Distributed Computing and Networks / 796: Software Engineering / 792: Web-based Education. ACTAPRESS. https://doi.org/10.2316/p.2013.794-017
• Morita, Takakazu, Saburo Yuasa, Toru Shimada, and Shigeru Yamaguchi. 2013a. “Model of Hybrid Rocket Combustion in Classical Hybrid Rocket Motors.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-4134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4134
• Morote, Jesus. 2006. “Resonant Lock-In of Unguided Rockets Having Nonlinear Aerodynamic Properties.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-830. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-830
• Morote, Jesus. 2009. “Control of Roll Lock-In and Catastrophic Yaw for Cruciform Finned Missiles.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-5717. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5717
• Morrell, Virginia E. 1956. Effect of Combustion-Chamber Pressure and Nozzle Expansion Ratio on Theoretical Performance of Several Rocket Propellant Systems. NACA-RM-E50C30. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086117
• Morris, James E. 1967. Wind Measurements in the Subpolar Mesopause Region. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0650813
• Morris, Aaron, Leah Olson, and Thomas Taylor. 2011. “Load Asymmetry Observed during Orion Main Parachute Inflation.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2611. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2611
• Morris, R. A., W. R. Powell, and S. N. Bundick. 1991. “A Precision Transportable Tracking Telemetry System.” In ITC/USA/’‘91: International Telemetering Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920064885
• Morrison, A. M., J. E. Holmes, and W. R. Lawrence. 1975. An Investigation of the Damping in Pitch Characteristics of a Ten Degree Cone. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada015336
• Morton, Donald C. 1969. “Rocket Observations of Mass Loss from Hot Stars.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3405-0_4
• Morton, D. C., G. Bruzual A., R. L. Kurucz, and H. Spinrad. 1977. The Ultraviolet Spectra of Alpha Aquilae and Alpha Canis Minoris. Princeton University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770043282
• Moser, Daniel, and Scott Frazier. 1994. “Low Cost Liquid Upper Stage for Small Launch Vehicles.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3024. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3024
• Moser, D., and E. Keith. 1992. “Composite Propellant Tank Study for Very Low Cost Space Transportation.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3708. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3708
• Moses, Harry E. 1966. Resonance Scattering of Lyman-Alpha Radiation by Hydrogen in the Ground State. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0628493
• Moses, J. Daniel. 1989a. Plasma Properties of Hot Coronal Loops Utilizing Coordinated SMM and Solar Research Rocket Observations. NASA-CR-186094. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910020623
• Moses, J. Daniel. 1989b. Solar X-Ray Astronomy Sounding Rocket Program. NASA-CR-183447. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900001480
• Moses, J. Daniel, and John M. Davis. 1988. “The Flight Test of a Grazing Incidence Relay Optics Telescope for Solar X-Ray Astronomy Utilizing a Thinned, Back-Illuminated CCD Detector.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890052908
• Moses, J. Daniel, R. Schueller, K. Waljeski, and John M. Davis. 1989. Advances in Photographic X-Ray Imaging for Solar Astronomy. Brandeis Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900001487
• Mosley, W. 1970. “Tomorrow: Low Cost Launch Operations.” In Launch Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-242. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-242
• Mosseev, Yuri. 1999. “The Decelerator Pitch-Dependent Performances Prediction Based on 3D Aeroelastic Analysis.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1717. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1717
• Mossman, Jason B., and David R. Perkins. 2001. Rocket Propulsion Technology Impact on TSTO Launch System Cost. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada411282
• Mota, Fábio Antônio da Silva, Gabriel Silva Dias, Lihan Fei, and Chenglong Tang. 2025. “New Hypergolic Green Propellants for in-Space Propulsion: Pahyp Fuels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In 3º Congresso Aeroespacial Brasileiro. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220794.1443123
• Motes, R. A. 2016. “Rocket Equation.” In Space Flight Isn’t Rocket Science. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/3.2604984.ch17
• “Motion of a Rocket.” 2008. In Special Relativity for Beginners. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812771612_0021
• Mouis, A., S. Pal, and R. Santoro. 1995. “Impinging Jet Injector Atomization Studies in a Rocket Environment.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2356. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2356
• Mouri, Kazuki, Takumi Ujino, and Mamoru Endo. 1995. “H-II-Solid Rocket Booster Development Overview.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2737
• Moustafa, A., H. Abdalla, and M. El-Sanabawy. 2012. “Parameters Affecting the Erosive Burning of Solid Rocket Motor.” International Conference on Applied Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering 15 (15): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.21608/amme.2012.36905
• Mudrov, Denys. 2026. “Justification for the Use of a Pressure-Fed Propellant Supply System in Pulse Detonation Engines.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/3083-7057-2026-1-079
• Muehlner, Joachim W. 1962. Trends in Missile and Space Radio Telemetry. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0407379
• Mueller, Donn, Margaret Scott, and Stephen Turns. 1991. “Secondary Atomization of aluminum/RP-1 Liquid Rocket Slurry Fuels.” In Conference on Advanced SEI Technologies. AIAA 1991-3625. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3625
• Muetzel, Matthew, Tim Drake, Mary Otten, Colin Cummins, and Sanjay Jayaram. 2024. “Project RADARS Rocket Altitude Determination and Response System.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-85882. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-85882
• Mukhey, A. 1965. Data Acquisition during Static Rocket Testing. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660039637
• Mullaly, J. R., R. J. Hecht, T. E. Schmid, and C. T. Torrey. 1975. Development of Sputtered Techniques for Thrust Chambers. NASA-CR-134824. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750021175
• Müller, Ilja, Markus Kuhn, and Ivaylo Petkov. 2017. “Liquid Rocket Engine Concept for SMILE Launcher.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2349. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2349
• Muller, Laurène, Michel Libsig, Bastien Martinez, et al. 2020. “Wind Tunnel Measurements of the Dynamic Stability Derivatives of a Fin-Stabilized Projectile by Means of a 3-Axis Freely Rotating Test Bench.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2782. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2782
• Multhaup, H. A. 1967. The Vibration Environment of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670046975
• Multi-Dimensional Modeling of Pressurization and Expulsion of Multi-Phase Hydrogen Propellant. 1993. NASA-CR-195156. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950008488
• “Multiaxial Force/Torque Measurement: Thrust Stands for Jet Engines and Rocket Engines.” 2010. In Instrumentation Design Studies. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781439819487-12
• Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation Analysis for Onset of Combustion Instability in Liquid Rocket Engines. 2023. https://doi.org/10.37285/bsp.sasat2023.19
• Muney, W. S., and J. H. Underwood. 1966. A Glancing Incidence Solar Telescope for the Soft X-Ray Region. NASA-TM-X-55671. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670009590
• Muney, W. S., and J. H. Underwood. 1967. A Glancing Incidence Solar Telescope for the Soft X-Ray Region. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670045075
• Munro, G. H. 1948. “Short-Period Changes in the F Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 162 (4127): 886–87. https://doi.org/10.1038/162886a0
• Munro, G. H. 1961. “Possible Solar Flare Effects in the F Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 192 (4800): 347–347. https://doi.org/10.1038/192347a0
• Munro, Meaghan. 2022. “Novel Optical Diagnostics for the Study of Shock Separation in Rocket Nozzles.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2612. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2612
• Munson, A. N. 1967. Flight Vibration Data of Astrobee 1500, NASA Flight 16.02 Final Report. NASA-TM-X-63128. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680009741
• Muraca, R. J. 1967. External and Internal Air Loads on Sounding Rockets. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041772
• Muraca, R. 1970. “The Laminar Boundary Layer on Spinning Bodies of Revolution.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1377. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1377
• Murai, Sho, Wataru Miura, Bat-orshikh Chuluundorj, Kazuaki Hatanaka, Mitsutomo Hirota, and Tsutomu Saito. 2018. “Influence of Nozzle Contraction Ratio on Thrust and Deflection Angle in Subsonic FTV Nozzle.” Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2018 (0): OS14-6. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2018.os14-6
• Murakami, Yui, Yuki Komori, and Kenichi Takahashi. 2020. “Characteristic Length and Combustion Efficiency of Aluminized Solid Fuel for Hybrid Rocket.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 19 (1): 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2020027812
• Murata, Eigoro, and Masayasu Sakai. 1973. “Experiments on Heat Transfer in a Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 21 (236): 559–62. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.21.559
• Murayama, Shingo, Masaki Takahashi, and Seisuke Fukuda. 2025. “Event-Camera Based Relative Navigation Systems for a Rocket Upper-Stage.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1217
• Murdock, John, and Richard Welle. 1999. “Downstream Gas Effect on Nozzle Flow-Separation Location.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2644. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2644
• Murgatroyd, R. J. 1965. “Winds in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences 288 (1415): 575–89. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspa.1965.0245
• Murgatroyd, R. J. 1968. “Temperature, Density and Pressure Variations in the Stratosphere and the Mesosphere.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_8
• Murph, J. 1980. “Convective Heating of Solid Propellant during Ignition.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1275. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1275
• Murphy, Charles H. 1963. On the Quasi-Linear Substitution Method for Missile Motion Caused by Strongly Nonlinear Static Moment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0410213
• Murphy, J. 1964. “An Experimental Investigation of the Erosive Burning Characteristicsof a Nonhomogeneous Solid Propellant.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-107. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-107
• Murphy, C. 1970a. “Gravity-Induced Angular Motion of a Spinning Missile.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1970-968. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-968
• Murphy, C. 1970b. “Nonlinear Motion of a Missile with Slight Configurational Asymmetries.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-534. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-534
• Murphy, Charles H. 1971. Gravity-Induced Angular Motion of a Spinning Missile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0730641
• Murphy, C. 1977. “Influence of Moving Internal Parts on Angular Motion of Spinning Projectiles.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1138. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1138
• Murphy, Charles H. 1978. Angular Motion of Spinning Almost Symmetric Missiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada063538
• Murphy, C. 1982. “Angular Motion of a Spinning Projectile with a Viscous Liquid Payload.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1343. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1343
• Murphy, C. 1983. “Liquid Payload Roll Moment Induced by a Spinning and Coning Projectile.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2142. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2142
• Murphy, Charles H. 1984. A Relationship between Liquid Roll Moment and Liquid Side Moment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada140658
• Murphy, R. J. 1989. “Solar Abundances Using Gamma-Ray Line Spectroscopy of a Solar Flare.” In Cosmic Gamma Rays, Neutrinos, and Related Astrophysics. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0921-2_23
• Murphy, Charles H., and William H. Mermagen Sr. 2005. Aero-Elastic Motion of a Spin-Stabilized Projectile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada441027
• Murray, B. 1976. Proposal to National Aeronautics and Space Administration for Continuation of a Grazing Incidence Imaging Telescope for X-Ray Astronomy Using Sounding Rockets. NASA-CR-156695. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780012084
• Murrell, J. 1978. “Precision Attitude Determination for Multimission Spacecraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1248
• Murrow, H. N. 1965. Parachutes for Meteorological Rocket Applica- Tions. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650024041
• Murrow, Harold N. 1970. “Passive Falling Sphere Systems.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 51 (1): 36–39. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477-51.1.36
• Murthy, S. N. B., and J. R. Osborn. 1965. “Stability Criteria for Longitudinal Pressure Oscillations in a Rocket Motor.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 37 (5): 872–78. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1909466
• Musker, Antony. 2003. “Highly Stabilised Hydrogen Peroxide as a Rocket Propellant.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4619
• Muthaiah, M., Suraj Saini, and S. Varunkumar. 2023. “Whistling Potential of Throttling Orifices and Its Connection to Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4559948
• Myers, Neil, and W. Raitt. 1990. “A Summary of the CHARGE-2 Electron Beam Rocket Experiment.” In 21st Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1990-1554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1554
• Myung Brian Lee, Ki. 2017. “Wedgetail: A Sounding Rocket to Lift off Rocketry Education in Australia.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.59c106ead462b80292389fb1
• Nachbar, W., and N. J. Hoff. 1962. “The Buckling of a Free Edge of an Axially-Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shell.” Quarterly of Applied Mathematics 20 (3): 267–77. https://doi.org/10.1090/qam/140215
• Nachtrieb, Robert T. 1992. Application of the Saha Equation to High Temperature (> or = 6000K) Rocket Exhaust. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada261648
• Nagahara, Shogo, and GRAINE Collaboration. 2025. “East-West Effect of Cosmic Ray at 35 Km Altitude in the GRAINE 2023 Balloon Experiment.” In Proceedings of 39th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2025). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.501.1341
• Nagai, Yutaka, Hideo Takamatsu, and Tatsumi Narita. 1996. “Nutation Resonance Phenomenon Induced by Radial Thruster Firings on JCSAT Spin-Stabilized Spacecraft.” In 16th International Communications Satellite Systems Conference. AIAA 1996-1046. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1046
• Nagarajan, Rithvik, Braden Anderson, Callum MacDonald, et al. 2025. “Lessons Learned from the Launch of a Student-Built LOX/Jet-A Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0120. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0120
• Nagasawa, Shunsaku, Takahiro Minami, Tadayuki Takahashi, and Shin Watanabe. 2025. “First-Principles Response Simulation of Wide-Gap CdTe-DSDs for the FOXSI Solar Sounding Rocket Experiment.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3064088
• Nagasawa, Shunsaku, Athanasios Pantazides, Kristopher Cooper, et al. 2026. “SpaceWire-Based Data Acquisition Network for the Solar Flare Sounding Rocket Experiment FOXSI-4 and FOXSI-5.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 12 (01): 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.12.1.014004
• Nagata, Harunori, and Mitsunori Ito. 2014. “Scale Effect on Solid Fuel Regression in CAMUI-Type Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In Progress in Scale Modeling, Volume II. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10308-2_20
• Nagler, Jacob. 2026. “Analytic Design of Multilayer Thermal-Protection Coatings for Nozzle Throats under High Heat-Flux.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9193746/v1
• Nagy, J. A. 1965. Flight Performance Data from the Scout x-258 Rocket Motor. NASA-TN-D-2756. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650013559
• Nair, Pranay Prem, and Mayur Kukreja. 2025. “Reusable Launch Vehicle and Rocket Study.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/4543
• Nair, Anil P., Daniel I. Pineda, R. Mitchell Spearrin, and Dave E. Crisalli. 2019. “Low-Cost Student-Manufacturable Liquid Oxygen-Ethanol Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0613. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0613
• Nak, Jeremy. n.d. “Rocket Nozzle Parameter Calculation.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/d6b86b1
• Naka, Genya. 2021. “Numerical Model of Radiative and Convective Heat Flux for Fuel Regression Rate of Wax-Based Hybrid Rocket.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2040
• Nakagawa, Ichiro, and Koki Yasuda. 2019. “Basic Research on Improvement of Combustion Efficiency of Wax Fuel Hybrid Rocket.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4265. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4265
• Nakahashi, Kazuhiro, Fumiya Togashi, Takeshi Fujita, and Yasushi Ito. 2002. “Numerical Simulations on Separation of Scaled Supersonic Experimental Airplane from Rocket Booster at Supersonic Speed.” In 32nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-2843. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-2843
• Nakashino, Kyoichi, and M. Natori. 2001. “Shape Characteristics of Spin-Stabilized Structures under Microgravity Environment.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-1344. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1344
• Nakasuka, Shinichi, Tsukasa Funane, Yuya Nakamura, et al. 2005. “Sounding Rocket Flight Experiment for Demonstratin..” In 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-05-c3.3.01
• Naletto, Giampiero, Marco Perin, Giuseppe Tondello, et al. 1993. “Spectroscopic Characterization of the EUV Toroidal Grating for the HiRES Rocket.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2006, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.162848
• Nallasamy, R., M. Kandula, L. Duncil, and P. Schallhorn. 2008. “Numerical Simulation of the Base Flow and Heat Transfer Characteristics of a Four-Nozzle Clustered Rocket Engine.” In 40th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2008-4128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4128
• Nam, Chang-Ho, Yoonwan Moon, Soon Young Park, and Jinhan Kim. 2019. “Estimation Methods for Turbine Nozzle Throat Area Reduction of a LOx/Kerosene Gas Generator Cycle Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 23 (5): 101. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2019.23.5.101
• Namasondhi, Tom. n.d. “Identification of Dynamical Paramenters for a Short-Range Rocket System Firing.” PhD diss., Chulalongkorn University. https://doi.org/10.58837/chula.the.1975.1
• Namera, Yoshinori, Ryoji Takaki, Akira Oyama, Kozo Fujii, and Makoto Yamamoto. 2010. “Aerodynamic Shape Design of the Vertical Landing Rocket Vehicle.” In 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2010-4367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4367
• Naoumov, Viatcheslav. 2009. “Simulation of High-Temperature Pressurization of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Tanks.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-1600. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1600
• Naoumov, Viatcheslav I., Nidal Al-Masoud, and Christopher Shanley. 2025. “Research Project: Study of Combustion of Bees’ Wax Enriched by Aluminum Powder in Hybrid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1095. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1095
• Naraghi, Mohammad H. N. 1995. “RTE: A Computer Code for Rocket Thermal Evaluation.” In The Sixth Annual Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950020934
• Naraghi, M., and E. Armstrong. 1988. “Three Dimensional Thermal Analysis of Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In 23rd Thermophysics, Plasmadynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1988-2643. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2643
• Naraghi, M. H., S. Dunn, and D. Coats. 2006. Dual Regenerative Cooling Circuits for Liquid Rocket Engines (Preprint). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada454591
• Naraghi, Mohammad H., and Matthieu Foulon. 2008. “A Simple Approach for Thermal Analysis of Regenerative Cooling of Rocket Engines.” In Volume 10: Heat Transfer, Fluid Flows, and Thermal Systems, Parts A, B, and C. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67988
• Narayan, Ashish, Subodh Kumar, Nitish Kumar Gautam, Prasanna Phatate, and Ritesh Kumar. 2025b. “Supersonic Flow over a Different Nose Cone to Reduce Aerodynamic Characteristic: A Comparative Study.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (6): 688–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2024-0288
• Narayanan, A. 2014. “Cryogenic Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber Test Facility.” Indian Journal of Cryogenics 39 (1): 86–91. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2014.00806.1
• Narayanan, V., and R. Padmanabha Pillai. 1971. “Ground Wind Characteristics at Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station.” MAUSAM 22 (4): 604–6. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v22i4.5027
• Nardo, S. V., and Ronald W. Sadler. 1962. Heat Transfer and Temperature Distribution in a Hemispherical Nose Cone in Hypersonic Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0273837
• Narsai, Pavan, Eddy Momanyi, Krishna Venkataraman, Brian J. Evans, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2015. “Indirect Heat Flux Measurements at the Nozzle Throat of a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4132. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4132
• Narsai, Pavan, Krishna Venkataraman, Keith Javier Stober, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2016. “Measuring Time-Varying Fuel Regression Rates with Image Processing in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4871. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4871
• NASA Sounding Rocket Survey for Future Development. 1966. NASA-TM-X-55685. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670009409
• NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program: Research Summaries, 1990: 1991. Report to the Congress and the Environmental Protection Agency. 1992. NASA-TM-107987. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920024855
• Nascimento, Erick Giovani Sperandio, Noéle Bissoli Perini de Souza, and Davidson Martins Moreira. 2019. “Evaluating the Impact of HCL Atmospheric Dispersion Caused by an Aborted Rocket Launch in Different Stability Conditions.” International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science 6 (7): 577–85. https://doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.6764
• Nast, T. C., and W. S. Williams. 1967. “The Effects of Propellant Leakage on the Heat Transfer to a Cryogenic Propellant Tank Utilizing High-Performance Multilayer Insulations.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0489-1_24
• Nath, Syamantak, Iker Laso, and Joseph Lefkowitz. 2022. “Parametric Ignition Study of a Green Hypergolic Hybrid Rocket Fuel.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1484. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1484
• Nath, Syamantak, Lovely Mallick, and Joseph Lefkowitz. 2023c. “Spray Ignition Studies on a Green Hypergolic Hybrid Rocket Propellant.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1831. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1831
• Nath, Syamantak, Lovely Mallick, and Joseph Lefkowitz. 2024. “Chemical Species Involved in Hypergolic Ignition of a Green Hybrid Rocket Propellant.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1644. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1644
• National Bureau of Standards. 1927a. Standard Atmosphere Chart. National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.mp.78
• National Bureau of Standards. 1927b. Standard Atmosphere Chart (Supersedes M 78). National Institute of Standards and Technology. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.mp.82
• National Space Science Programme of Unstabilized Skylark Rockets. 1986. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898075.020
• Naumann, Robert. 1995. “Suborbital Industrial Microgravity Research: Voucher Demonstration Project.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1995-3764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3764
• Nava, B., S. M. Radicella, R. Leitinger, and P. Coïsson. 2006. “A near-Real-Time Model-Assisted Ionosphere Electron Density Retrieval Method.” Radio Science 41 (6): 2005RS003386. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005rs003386
• Naval Proving Ground Dahlgren VA. 1944. Trajectories of British UP3 Rocket Forward Fired from Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0309990
• Navaneethan, Mansu, T. Sundararajan, K. Srinivasan, and T. Jayachandran. 2024. “Simulations with Compressible Multiphase Formulation on Heat Transfer Studies in a Rocket Thrust Chamber with Experimental Validation.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 16 (9): 091011. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4065855
• Nave, L., and G. Coffey. 1973. “Sea Level Side Loads in High-Area-Ratio Rocket Engines.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1284. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1284
• Navidad, Sergio Ramírez, Mariano Sánchez Nogales, Rafael Polonio, and Alba Rozas. 2024. European Autonomous Flight Termination Systems Based in Smart Avionics. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0042
• “Navier-Stokes Prediction of Aerodynamic Characteristicsof a 7.62mm Spin-Stabilized Projectile at Supersonic Speeds.” 2025. Journal of Science and Technology - HaUI 61 (7E). https://doi.org/10.57001/huih5804.2025.247
• Nawrocki, P. J., K. Watanabe, and L. G. Smith. 1961. The Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0253271
• Nazarenko, Andrey I., Vasiliy S. Yurasov, Paul J. Cefola, Ronald J. Proulx, and George R. Granholm. 2001. “Monitoring of Variations of the Upper Atmosphere Density.” In Dynamics of Natural and Artificial Celestial Bodies. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1327-6_65
• Needleman, H. C., and C. D. Tackett. 1973. “Field Refurbishment of Recoverable Sounding Rocket Payloads.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038418
• Neely, R., and P. Veit. 1974. “Solid Rocket Motor Grain Design Verification through Cold Gas Pressurization and Motor Dissection.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1202. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1202
• Neely, Andrew, Ayhan Yesil, Hans Riesen, and Judy Odam. 2009. “In-Flight Mapping of Heating on a Hypersonic Nose Cone.” In 16th AIAA/DLR/DGLR International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2009-7265. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-7265
• Neff, R. 1972. “Ablative Nose Shape Change Effects on Re-Entry Vehicle Aerodynamic Performance.” In 2nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1972-974. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-974
• Negaard, Gordon R. 1979. Analysis of a Pyroceram Radome Subjected to Aerodynamic Heating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada363019
• Negishi, Hideyo, Yu Daimon, Hideto Kawashima, and Nobuhiro Yamanishi. 2011. “Flowfield and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Cooling Channel Flows in a Subscale Thrust Chamber.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5844. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5844
• Negishi, Hideyo, Akinaga Kumakawa, Nobuhiro Yamanishi, and Akihide Kurosu. 2008. “Heat Transfer Simulations in Liquid Rocket Engine Subscale Thrust Chambers.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5241
• Nein, M. E., and R. R. Head. 1962. “Experiences with Pressurized Discharge of Liquid Oxygen from Large Flight Vehicle Propellant Tanks.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0531-7_30
• Nein, M. E., and J. F. Thompson. 1965a. Experimental and Analytical Studies of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurant Requirements. NASA-TM-X-53165. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650013558
• Nein, M. E., and J. F. Thompson. 1965b. Prediction of Propellant Tank Pressurization Requirements by Dimensional Analysis. NASA-TM-X-53218. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650017698
• Nein, M. E., and J. F. Thompson. 1966a. Experimental and Analytical Studies of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressurant Requirements. NASA-TN-D-3177. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660007649
• Nein, M. E., and J. F. Thompson. 1966b. Prediction of Propellant Tank Pressurization Requirements by Dimensional Analysis. NASA-TN-D-3451. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660019780
• Nelius, M. A., and J. E. Harris. 1965. Measurement of Nonaxial Forces Produced by Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors Using a Spin Technique. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0474410
• Nell, Nicholas, Nicholas E. Kruczek, Kevin France, Stefan Ulrich, Patrick Behr, and Emily Farr. 2023. “FLUID: A Rocket-Borne Pathfinder Instrument for High Efficiency UV Band Selection Imaging.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677781
• Nelson, Lauren May. n.d. “Rayleigh Flow of Two-Phase Nitrous Oxide as a Hybrid Rocket Nozzle Coolant.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.147
• Nelson, H. 1988. “Effect of Sideslip on Fin-Fin Interference in Supersonic Missile Aerodynamics.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-214
• Nelson, Andrea, Michael Aftosmis, Marian Nemec, and Thomas Pulliam. 2005. “Aerodynamic Optimization of Rocket Control Surfaces Using Cartesian Methods and CAD Geometry.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-4836. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4836
• Nelson, D., and A. Palazotto. 1979. “A Parametric Study Relating to the Buckling of Axially Compressed Stringer Stiffened Cylindrical Shells with Cutouts.” In 20th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1979-751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-751
• Nelson, H., and M. Talpallikar. 1990. “Influence of Fin Planform Shape on Lift and Center of Pressure for Supersonic Missiles.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1990-3090. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3090
• Nemeth, Michael, and Melvin Anderson. 1989. “Axisymmetric Shell Analysis of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Field Joint.” In 30th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1989-1343. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1343
• Nerem, R., and F. Pake. 1973. “A Model and Calculation Procedure for Predicting Parachute Inflation.” In 4th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1973-453. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-453
• Nesbitt, J. A. 1990. “Thermal Response of Various Thermal Barrier Coatings in a High Heat Flux Rocket Engine.” In Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films 1990. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85166-813-7.50051-6
• Netter, Gaston, Ulrich Renner, and Michael Dreyer. 1999. “Design and Verification of a Standard Surface Tension Propellant Tank.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2178. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2178
• Neubert, Torsten, and Peter M. Banks. 1990. “Plasma Density Enhancements Created by the Ionization of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere by Artificial Electron Beams.” In AGARD, Ionospheric Modification and its Potential to Enhance or Degrade the Performance of Military Systems. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910009218
• Neubert, T., P. M. Banks, B. E. Gilchrist, A. C. Fraser-Smith, and P. R. Williamson. 1990a. “The Interaction of an Artificial Electron Beam with the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere: Effects on Spacecraft Charging and the near-Plasma Evironment.” Journal of Geophysical Research 95. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900057472
• Neubert, T., B. E. Gilchrist, P. M. Banks, M. J. Mandell, and S. Sasaki. 1990b. “The Sheath Structure around a Negatively Charged Rocket Payload.” Journal of Geophysical Research 95. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900047725
• Neuhaus, Jason, and Patrick Kenney. 2006. “A Generic Multibody Parachute Simulation Model.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6622
• Neumaier, Wayne, Mark Wells, Anthony Brinkley, and Thomas Talty. 2012. “Development of a 90% Hydrogen Peroxide Mono-Propellant Propulsion System for the Warm Gas Test Article.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3755. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3755
• Neumeyer, F. 1967. “Drift Angle Acuity in Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-624
• Neupert, Werner M. 1965. “Intensity Variations in the Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum Observed by OSO-I.” Symposium - International Astronomical Union 23: 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900179380
• Nevins, C. D. 1975. “Designing for Solid Rocket Booster Reusability.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750061534
• Newcomb, Fred N. 1963. Viscous-Damping Mechanisms as Applied to Four Inch Rocket Launcher Mount. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403672
• Newell, Homer E. 1951. “Temperatures and Pressures in the Upper Atmosphere.” In Compendium of Meteorology. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-940033-70-9_25
• Newell, H. E. 1964. Rocket Sounding of the Upper Atmosphere. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650035269
• Newell, H. E. 1965. The NASA Space Science and Applications Program. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003114
• Newell, Reginald E. 1968. “The General Circulation of the Atmosphere above 60 Km.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_12
• Newell, H. E. 1980b. Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science. NASA-SP-4211. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810012433
• Newell Jr. and H. E. J. W. Siry. 1946. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb955538
• Newell Jr. and H. E. J. W. Siry. 1947a. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 3. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb955508
• Newell Jr. and H. E. J. W. Siry. 1947b. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 3. Part 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb956424
• Newell Jr. and H. E. J. W. Siry. 1947c. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 4. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb955509
• Newell Jr. and H. E. J. W. Siry. 1948. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 5. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb955510
• Newman, M., and I. Ojalvo. 1966. “Natural Vibrations of a Stiffened Pressurized Cylinder with an Attached Mass.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-449. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-449
• Newman, M. M., and J. R. Stahmann. 1963. Natural Interference Control Techniques. Part i: Lightning Protection of Aerospace Rocket Vehicle Launching Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0409692
• Newnham, E. V. 1931. “Measurement of Pressure and Temperature in the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 128 (3238): 878–79. https://doi.org/10.1038/128878b0
• Newton, Roland. 1965. “Free Vibrations of Rocket Nozzles.” In Symposium on Structural Dynamics and Aeroelasticity. AIAA 1965-1138. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-1138
• Ney, Edward P., and Kenneth M. Merrill. 1980. Study of Sources in AFGL Rocket Infrared Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada084098
• Nguyen, Han. 2007. “Thermodynamic Analysis of a Cryogenic Upper Stage Supercritical Tank with Active Pressurization.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5499. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5499
• Nguyen, Minh Phu. 2020. “Contour Design for Solid-Propellant Rocket-Engine Nozzle.” Journal of Science and Technique 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v15.n01.105
• Nguyen, Dung The. 2021. “Internal Ballistics Calculations of the Solid Propellant Rocket Engine with Two Combustion Chambers.” Journal of Science and Technique 16 (3). https://doi.org/10.56651/lqdtu.jst.v16.n03.282
• Nguyen, Quang. 2025. “A Comparative Study of Turbulence Models for Predicting the Aerodynamic Drag of a Spin-Stabilized Projectile.” Vojnotehnicki glasnik 73 (1): 115–35. https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg73-54634
• Nguyen, Han, and Thomas Gormley. 1993. “Pressurization System Design Study for the NLS LO2 Tank.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2272. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2272
• Nguyen, Le-Duy, Changhyun Kim, Taehoon Kim, and Kyu Hyung Do. 2026a. “Effect of Filling Ratio on Self-Pressurization and Boil-Off Characteristics of a Membrane-Type Cryogenic Storage Tank​.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7117545
• Nguyen, Le-Duy, Changhyun Kim, Taehoon Kim, and Kyu Hyung Do. 2026b. “Experimental Investigation of Filling-Ratio Effects on Self-Pressurization and Boil-Off in a Prismatic Membrane Cryogenic Tank.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7506234
• Nguyen, Tuan M., Pavel P. Popov, and William A. Sirignano. 2017. “Driving Mechanisms of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Longitudinal Combustion Instability.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-0822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0822
• Nguyen, Tuan M., and William A. Sirignano. 2018. “Spontaneous and Triggered Longitudinal Combustion Instability in a Single-Injector Rocket Engine.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4948. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4948
• Nguyen, Calvin, Andre Verspieren, and James C. Thomas. 2025b. “Combustion of 3D Printable Hybrid Rocket Fuels.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2097. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2097
• Nicholas Grimshaw &Partner. n.d. “Rocket Tower.” In Transparent Plastics. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8287-2_20
• Nichols, M. H., and E. J. Schaefer. 1964. Upper Air Neutral Composition Measurements by a Mass Spectrometer. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650027638
• Nichols, M. H., and E. J. Shaefer. 1963. Neutral Composition Obtained from a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630022509
• Nicolaides, John, Robert Eikenberry, and Charles Ingram. 1967. “The Determination of Aerodynamic Stability Coefficients from Sounding Rocket Flight Data.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1327. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1327
• Nicolet, Marcel. 1964. Ionospheric Processes and Nitric Oxide. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0609844
• Nicoud, F., J. C. Traineau, and M. Prévost. 1993. “Evolution of Heat Flux with Mass Flow Rate in a Subscale Setup for the Ariane 5 Solid Rocket Booster.” In Engineering Turbulence Modelling and Experiments. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89802-9.50074-5
• Nie, Tao, and Wei Qiang Liu. 2011a. “Numerical Study on 3D Coupled Heat Transfer of Thrust Chamber with Regenerative Cooling.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 52-54: 1057–61. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.52-54.1057
• Nie, Tao, and Wei Qiang Liu. 2011b. “Research on Cooling Effect with Cooling Groove Structure Parameters of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 108: 7–11. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.108.7
• Nie, Tao, and Wei Qiang Liu. 2012. “Numerical Study on Coupled Heat Transfer of Thrust Chamber with Raised Structure.” Advanced materials research 516-517: 107–10. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.107
• Niederer, P. G. 1969. Development of an Extremely Lightweight, High- Altitude Decelerator. AIAA PAPER 68-949. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700039294
• Nielsen, F. B. 1966. Combustion Termination System for 120-INCH-DIAMETER Solid Rocket Motor (Titan Iii-c). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0804269
• Nielsen, D., J. Townsend, K. Kappus, T. Driskill, I. Torres, and R. Parks. 2005. Modal Survey of ETM-3, a 5-Segment Derivative of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. ATK-Thiokol Propulsion. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050111481
• Niemi, Eugene, Jr. 1991. “An Impulse Approach for Determining Parachute Opening Loads for Canopies of Varying Stiffness.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-874. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-874
• Niemi, Eugene E., Jr. 1992. Selection of Opening Model for Parachute Scaling Studies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada250882
• Nier, Alfred O. 1970. “Upper Atmosphere Investigations by Rocket and Satellite-Borne Mass Spectrometers.” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 7 (1): 247–247. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1315809
• Nier, A. O., and D. R. Hickman. 1973. Study of Neutral Composition of Lower Thermosphere at Fort Churchill. Minnesota, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730056542
• Nigodjuk, V. E., and A. V. Sulinov. 2016. “Peculiarities of the Working Process of Low-Thrust Hypergolic-Propellant Liquid Rocket Engines with a Thrust of Less than 1 N.” VESTNIK of Samara University. Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering 15 (4): 114–25. https://doi.org/10.18287/2541-7533-2016-15-4-114-125
• Niino, M., A. Kumakawa, N. Yatsuyanagi, and A. Suzuki. 1982. “Heat Transfer Characteristics of Liquid Hydrogen as a Coolant for the LO2/LH2 Rocket Thrust Chamber with the Channel Wall Construction.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1107. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1107
• Nikol’skij, G. M. 1982. “Extreme Ultraviolet Observational Data on the Solar Spectrum.” In Encyclopedia of Physics / Handbuch der Physik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-80907-1_5
• Nikolaishvili, S. Sh., Yu. V. Platov, and S. A. Chernouss. 2015. “The Dynamics of a Gas–dust Cloud Expansion in the Upper Atmosphere at a Shutdown of Solid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 55 (5): 663–69. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793215050102
• Nimmer, R. P., and J. Mayers. 1979. “Limit Point Buckling Loads of Axially Compressed, Circular Cylindrical Shells—the Effect of Nonlinear Material Behavior.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 46 (2): 386–92. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3424560
• Nisar, Khurram, and Liang Guoxhu. 2008. “Design and Optimization of Three Dimensional Finocyl Grain for Solid Rocket Motor.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4696. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4696
• Nisbet, John S. 1960. “Electron-Density Distribution in the Upper Ionosphere from Rocket Measurements.” Journal of Geophysical Research 65 (9): 2597–99. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz065i009p02597
• Nisbet, J. S., T. P. Quinn, and J. Widmaier. 1966. Measurements of Electron Density in the Upper Ionosphere by Propagation Measurements between Sections of a High Altitude Rocket. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660050747
• Nishii, S., K. Fukuda, and N. Kubota. 1989. “Combustion Tests of Two-Stage Pulse Rocket Motors.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2426. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2426
• Nishizawa, Shu, and Takashi Iwasa. 2019. “Proposal of Scalable Displacement Prediction Method for Post-Buckling Behavior of Cylindrical Shell under Axial Compression.” Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference 2019.28 (0): E04. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmesec.2019.28.e04
• “Nitric Acid or Perchloric Acid-Based Monopropellants.” 2023. In Encyclopedia of Monopropellants. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110751390-008
• Niu, Xiaoting, Xianzhu Jiang, and Xiaoming Gu. 2024. An Improved Al Particle Combustion Model for Simulating the Aluminized Hybrid Rocket Motor Combustion. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0109
• Niyama, Aaquib, Neil Chhadwa, and Harsh Gohil. 2024. “A Novel Approach to Two-Stage Model Rocket Design: Integrating Sensors, Cameras, Electrical Ignition, and Electrical Separation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4996620
• Noel, Milton B., and Paul F. Massier. 1962. Development of a Light-Weight Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber with Brazed Ribs and Brazed Outer Wire Trap. JPL-TR-32-219. Jet Propulsion Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620002673
• Noga, Tomasz, and Rafał Dziczkaniec. 2025. “Ensuring Maritime Safety during a Rocket Flight – ILR-33 Amber 2K Suborbital Flight Case Study.” Safety & Defense 11 (1): 53–62. https://doi.org/10.37105/sd.247
• Noga, Tomasz, and Rachita Puri. 2020. “Microgravity, Atmosphere Sounding, Astronomy, Technology Validation: An Overview of Suborbital Rockets’ Missions and Payloads.” International Journal of Space Science and Engineering 6 (2): 179. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijspacese.2020.110365
• Nohekhan, Mojtaba, and Hossein Abbasi. 2026. “Tri-Spectral Transmission-Based Measurement of Optical Depth for Self-Absorption Correction in Cold Atmospheric-Pressure Argon Plasma Jets.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7231482
• Nohmi, Masahiro, Takeshi Yamamoto, Osamu Itose, and Jun Saitou. 2010. “Rocket Separation Mechanism for Pico Mother and Daughter Satellite “KUKAI”.” Journal of System Design and Dynamics 4 (6): 984–95. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsdd.4.984
• Nolan, M. B., and J. J. Celmer. 1973. Preliminary Guided Rocket Feasibility Study. NASA-TM-X-70474. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730024047
• “Nonlinear Effects in Instability of Solid- Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1964. In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-140. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-140
• Nordberg, W. 1963. Rocket Soundings in the Mesosphere. NASA-TM-X-54618. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640006811
• Nordberg, W. 1966. Recent Observations of the Structure of the Upper Stratosphere and Mesosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660027294
• Nordberg, W. 1967. Interaction between Upper and Lower Atmosphere. NASA-TM-X-55951. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670029726
• Nordberg, W., and W. Smith. 1963a. Grenade and Sodium Rocket Experiments at Wallops Island, Virginia. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630028616
• Nordberg, W., and W. Smith. 1963b. Rocket Measurement of the Structure of the Upper Stratosphere and Mesosphere. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660022748
• Nordberg, W., and W. Smith. 1964. The Rocket-Grenade Experiment. NASA-TN-D-2107. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640006403
• Nordberg, W., and G. Warnecke. 1964. Inferences of Stratospheric and Mesospheric Circulation Systems from Rocket Experiments. NASA-TM-X-51597. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640009696
• Nordberg, W., and G. Warnecke. 1965. Inferences of Stratospheric and Mesospheric Circulation Systems from Rocket Experiments. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650019950
• Norman, P. W. 1963. Perturbation Methods Applied to the Reflection of Radio Waves from the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0297419
• Norman, A., I. Cannon, and L. Asch. 1989. “The History and Future of Safety Monitoring in Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2410. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2410
• Norris, R. 1979. “Simulation of Rocket Plume Interference on the X-24B at Transonic Speeds.” In 5th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference for Future Space Systems. AIAA 1979-1666. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1666
• “Nose-Tip Shape Optimization for Minimum Transpiration Coolant Requirements.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0404.0423
• Nossa, Eliana, Jonathan Krall, Joseph Huba, and Douglas Drob. 2021. “Daytime Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Neutral Winds and Their Relationship with Lower E Region Layers over Arecibo.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10509462.1
• Novick, R. 1973. Multidisciplinary Research in the Space Sciences. Scope B: Experimental X-Ray Astronomy. NASA-CR-139653. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740024156
• Novin, Parsa, Kyle Kim, and Andrew Darby. 2025. “Implementation and Uses of Telemetry Communications in a Sounding Rocket.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-99724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-99724
• Novozhilov, Boris, Vladimir Marshakov, and Vasily Novozhilov. 2018. “Solution of Inverse Problem of the Theory of Nonsteady Solid Propellant Combustion under the Pressure Drop in Rocket Engine.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2046. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5081588
• Nowak, R. J., C. W. Albertson, and L. R. Hunt. 1984. Aerothermal Tests of a 12.5 Percent Cone at Mach 6.7 for Various Reynolds Numbers, Angles of Attack and Nose Shapes. NASA-TP-2345. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850009013
• Nuclear Utility Services, Inc., Washington, D. C. and USDOE. 1963. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR ROCKET FLIGHT OPERATIONS. Quarterly Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4647166
• Nuclear Utility Services, Inc., Washington, D.C. 1964. ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY ASPECTS OF NUCLEAR ROCKET FLIGHT OPERATIONS. Quarterly Progress Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4076159
• Nufer, Brian. 2010. “A Summary of NASA and USAF Hypergolic Propellant Related Spills and Fires.” In SpaceOps 2010 Conference. AIAA 2010-1994. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-1994
• Nugent, L. J. 1966. “Laser Radar Probe for the Measurement of Metastable Nitric Oxide in the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 211 (5056): 1349–51. https://doi.org/10.1038/2111349a0
• Nugraha, Anggara Trisna, and Dadang Priyambodo. 2020. “Development of Rocket Telemetry in Chamber Gas Pressure Monitoring with the MPXV7002DP Gas Pressure Sensor.” Journal of Electronics Electromedical Engineering and Medical Informatics 2 (3): 103–7. https://doi.org/10.35882/jeeemi.v2i3.3
• “Numerical Investigation on Thrust Characteristics of an Annular Expansion–deflection Nozzle.” 2023. Physics of Fluids 35 (5): 056119. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0150129
• Numerical Method and Simulations of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Process. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118890035.ch8
• “Numerical Simulation of High-Frequency Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines.” 1996. In Recent Advances in Spray Combustion: Spray Combustion Measurements and Model Simulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866432.0331.0347
• “Numerical Simulation of Internal Flow Field in Solid Rocket Motor with Complex Grain.” 2018. In 2018 9th International Conference on Civil Engineering, Materials and Machinery (ICCEMM 2018). Francis Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.25236/iccemm.2018.019
• Numerical Study of the Liquid Oxygen Draining in a Spinning Tank with Baffles for Hybrid-Propulsion Rocket. 2023. https://doi.org/10.37285/bsp.sasat2023.07
• “Numerical Study on Effect of Dent Dimensions on Buckling Resistance of Thin Stainless Steel Cylindrical Shell under Lateral Pressure.” 2018. i-manager’s Journal on Structural Engineering. https://doi.org/10.26634/jste.7.2.14484
• Nurick, W. H. 1974. Space Shuttle Orbit Maneuvering Engine, Reusable Thrust Chamber Program. Task 6: Data Dump Hot Fuel Element Investigation. NASA-CR-141677. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750010239
• Nusca, Michael. 2007. “Utility of Computational Modeling for the Study of Combustion Instability in Small MMH-NTO Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5562
• Nusca, Michael. 2008. “Investigation of Combustion Instability in Small MMH-NTO Liquid Rocket Engines Using CFD.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4545. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4545
• Nusca, Michael. 2010. “Modeling Combustion Instability in Small MMH-NTO Liquid Rocket Engines Using CFD: Injector-Chamber Coupling.” In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2010-1518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-1518
• Nwokocha, Funmilola, Andrei Zagrai, David Hunter, Dale Amon, and Nickolas Demidovich. 2022. “Electro-Mechanical Impedance Experiment and Real-Time Data Acquisition for Suborbital Spaceflight.” In Proceedings of the 13th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring. Destech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/shm2021/36303
• Nylund, Amund, and Jan-Erik Rønningen. 2006. “Technical and Educational Improvements of the Student Rocket Program at NAROM and Andoya Rocket Range.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e1.1.04
• O’Brien, Timothy, and Daniel Farrell. 2003. “Modeling 3-D External Overexpanded and Underexpanded Nozzle Effects with the 2-D Boeing SCHNOZ Code.” In 12th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies. AIAA 2003-7070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-7070
• O’Farrell, Ana Luiza Oliveira Guimarães, Carlos Alberto Rios Brito Júnior, Felipe Portela Aguilar De Oliveira, and Luis Claudio de Oliveira Silva. 2025. “The Psm Initiative: Brazil’s Standardized Approach to Suborbital Microgravity Research.” In 3º Congresso Aeroespacial Brasileiro. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220794.1443137
• Oakley, Phil, Webster Cash, Randy McEntaffer, Ann Shipley, and Ted Schultz. 2009. “The EXOS Sounding Rocket Payload.” In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Stephen L. O’Dell, Giovanni Pareschi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.827494
• Oberheide, Jens. 2022. “Day-to-Day Variability of the Semidiurnal Tide in the F-Region Ionosphere during the January 2021 SSW from COSMIC-2 and ICON.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10511911.1
• “Observational Techniques in X-Ray Astronomy.” 1989. In X-ray Detectors in Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511735554.003
• Odom, James. 1972. “Solid Rocket Motors for the Space Shuttle Booster.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/720804
• Oestlund, J., T. Damgaard, and M. Frey. 2001. “Side-Load Phenomena in Highly Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3684. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3684
• Offermann, D. 1974. “A Helium Cooled Mass Spectrometer Ion Source for Upper Atmosphere Research.” In Rarefied Gas Dynamics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398150-9.50055-9
• Ogawa, Hiroyuki, Satoshi Nonaka, and Yoshifumi Inatani. 2004. “A Concept and Its Aerodynamic Design of a Sub-Orbital Reusable Rocket.” In 34th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-2538. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2538
• Ogawa, Shinichiro, Daisuke Sasaki, and Shoya Yoshinaga. 2024. “Effect of Burning Surface Regression on Internal Flow Field in Solid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0213. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0213
• Oh, Se-Yoon;Kim, Chan-Ki;Lee, Jong-Geon;Ahn, Seung-Ki;. 2002. “An Experimental Study on the Inflation Characteristics of Parachute Canopies.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 30 (7): 11–19. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2002.30.7.011
• Ohashi, Hideo. 1968. “Turbopumps of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 71 (591): 527–34. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.71.591_527
• Ohman, L. 1967. “A Simplified Approach to Predicting the Onset of Spin-Yaw Instability of a Rapidly Ascending Rolling Ballistic Missile in the Absence of Asymmetric Forces.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1319
• Oigawa, Tomokazu, Hiroyuki Shinagawa, and Satochi Taguchi. 2020. “Time-Dependent Responses of the Neutral Mass Density to Magnetospheric Energy Inputs into the Cusp Region in the Thermosphere: A High-Resolution Two-Dimensional Local Modeling.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-86164/v1
• Ojeda, Carlos, Kenton T. Prescott, and Tekilanand Persaud. 2017. “Production and Manufacture of Low-Cost Liquid Rocket Engines for Sounding Rockets.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4841. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4841
• Okano, Yasuhito, and Takanori Haga. 2026. “Robust Wall-Modeled LES with Flux Reconstruction Scheme toward Accurate Heat Flux Prediction in Rocket Engine Combustors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0387
• Okayasu, A., K. Higashino, and S. Warashina. 1983. “Small LOX/LH2 Turbopump for a 1-Ton Thrust Class Rocket Engine.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1388
• Olds, John. 1996. “Options for Flight Testing Rocket-Based Combined-Cycle (RBCC) Engines.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2688. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2688
• Olds, John, and Peter Bellini. 1998. “Argus, a Highly Reusable SSTO Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Launch Vehicle with Maglifter Launch Assist.” In 8th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1998-1557. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-1557
• Oliveira, Elcio J., Paolo Gasbarri, and Ijar Milagre da Fonseca. 2015. “Flight Dynamics Numerical Computation of a Sounding Rocket Including Elastic Deformation Model.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2015-2710. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2710
• Oliveira Junior, Wilson Luiz de, Heloise Assis Fazzolari, and Cesar Monzu Freire. 2025. “CFD Methodology for the Aerodynamic Characterization of Sounding Rocket.” In 3º Congresso Aeroespacial Brasileiro. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220794.1443100
• Oliver, J., and M. Nygaard. 1979. “Development of Inflatable Structures for Electron Echo Vsounding Rocket Instruments.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-510
• Oliver, R. C., and S. E. Stephanou. 1963. Chemical Corrosion of Rocket Liner Materials and Propellant Performance of Some Liquid Propellant Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0297221
• Olney, D. J., and R. G. Cruddace. 1979. Free-Flying Shuttle Payloads: An Extrapolation of Sounding Rocketry into the Shuttle Era. AIAA PAPER 79-0485. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041742
• Olney, D. J., and L. F. Shiftlett. 1982. Development of a Magnetic Acquisition and Attitude Control System for Spinning Rocket Payloads. AIAA PAPER 82-1734. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820064509
• Olsavsky, Samuel, Paislee Adlington, Nathan Bonafield, and Patrick Browning. 2024. “Roll Reduction System for Mid-Power Rocket.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-85779. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-85779
• Olsen, R. 1969. Results from Several Experiments at White Sands Missile Range Aimed at Assessment of Falling-Sphere Density Data. White Sands Missile Range. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009279
• Olsen, James F. 1979. Engineering Services in Support of Sounding Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada087801
• Olsen, W., and A. Karchmer. 1976. “Lip Noise Generated by Flow Separation from Nozzle Surfaces.” In 14th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1976-3. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-3
• Olsen, R. O., and B. W. Kennedy. 1974. The Utilization of Starute Decelerators for Improved Upper Atmosphere Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada005589
• Olsen, R. O., F. J. Schmidlin, D. U. Wright, and J. R. Luers. 1978. “Comparisons of the in-Situ Measurements from the Rocket Nimbus Satellite Comparison Series II.” In COSPAR. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780064778
• Olsen, R. O., F. J. Schmidlin, D. U. Wright, and J. R. Luers. 1979. “Comparisons of Atmospheric Temperatures Derived from Falling Sphere and Grenade Experiments Conducted at Wallops Island in 1975.” In COSPAR: Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023417-5.50021-1
• Olson, Britton, and Sanjiva Lele. 2012. “Low Frequency Unsteadiness in Nozzle Flow Separation.” In 42nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2012-2974. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2974
• Olson, Britton J., and Sanjiva K. Lele. 2013. “A Mechanism for Unsteady Separation in over-Expanded Nozzle Flow.” Physics of Fluids 25 (11): 110809. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4819349
• Oltrogge, Daniel L., Burton H. Catledge, Salvatore Alfano, and Robert Gist. 2025. Addressing Unaddressed Launch Risk with a Topology-Based LCOLA Approach. https://doi.org/10.52202/083079-0017
• Olwendo, J., P. J. Cilliers, and Ou Ming. 2019. “Comparison of Ground-Based Ionospheric Scintillation Observations with in Situ Electron Density Variations as Measured by the Swarm Satellites.” Radio Science 54 (10): 852–66. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018rs006734
• Oman, Richard A., and Vincent S. Calia. 1973. Nonequilibrium Cluster Formation in Rocket Exhausts. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0760205
• “On the Axial Velocity Profile in Nozzleless Solid Rocket Motors.” 1982. In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1145
• “On the Correlation between EUV Solar Radiation Proxies and Their Long-Term Association.” 2021. In Workshop Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere. Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31401/ws.2021.proc.05
• “On the Efficiency of Using a Real Pressure Dependence of the Solid Propellant Burning Rate in a Solid Rocket Motor.” 2020. Физика горения и взрыва, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.15372/fgv20200208
• Onel, Alexandru-Iulian, Oana-Iuliana Popescu, Ana-Maria Neculaescu, Tudorel-Petronel Afilipoae, and Teodor-Viorel Chelaru. 2019. “Liquid Rocket Engine Performance Assessment in the Context of Small Launcher Optimisation.” Incas Bulletin 11 (3): 135–45. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2019.11.3.12
• Opoka, S. 2026. “On Intrinsic Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylinder.” In Shell Structures, Theory and Applications. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003759553-45
• “An Optimal Smoothing Algorithm for Viking Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” 1977. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1038. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1038
• Orbekk, Erland. 2008. “Thrust Vector Model and Solid Rocket Motor Firing Validations.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5055. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5055
• Order-n Equations of Flexible Rocket Dynamics. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119015635.ch12
• Ornob, Shadman Shahriyar, Chunna Li, and Xujian Chen. 2026b. “Inverse Reconstruction of Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle Centerline Flow from Wall-Pressure Measurements Using a Conditioned Neural Network Surrogate.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6501901
• Orr, Jeb Stuart. n.d. “Modeling and Simulation of Rotary Sloshing in Launch Vehicles.” In 31st AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210000785
• Orr, Jeb. 2011. “A Flight Dynamics Model for a Multi-Actuated Flexible Rocket Vehicle.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2011-6563. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6563
• Osama, Islam, Ahmed R. Gomaa, and Ahmed Elsabbagh. 2025. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation for Structural Design of a Rocket Launcher Boom.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6431118/v1
• Osantowski, John F. 1983. “Contamination Sensitivity of Typical Mirror Coatings: A Parametric Study.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0338, edited by Carl R. Maag. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933641
• Osawa, T., and H. Hewitt. 1986. “The External Drag of a Simple Axisymmetric Body of Revolution in Subsonic and Supersonic Flow with Variable Mass Flowthrough Ratios.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1828. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1828
• Osborn, J. R., and L. R. Davis. 1961. Effects of Injection Location on Combustion Instability in Premixed Gaseous Bipropellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0253633
• Osborn, J. R., and R. M. Schiewe. 1958. An Experimental Investigation of High Frequency Combustion Pressure Oscillations in a Gaseous Bipropellant Rocket Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0161563
• Osborne, Eric, Robert Light, David Hardy, and Matt Steele. 2001. “Solid Rocket Motor Random Vibration.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3925. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3925
• Oschwald, M., Renaud Lecourt, U. Brummund, A. Cessou, and Oskar J. Haidn. 1997. “Optical Diagnostics of Atomization and Combustion for Cryogenic Liquid Rocket Propulsion.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion: 825–36. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.v4.i1-6.770
• Osheku, Charles Attah, Oluleke O. Babayomi, and Oluwaseyi T. Olawole. 2019. “Analytical Prediction for Grain Burn Time and Burning Area Kinematics in a Solid Rocket Combustion Chamber.” In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.82822
• Osherov, A., and B. Natan. 1999. “Combustion Instability in a Small Liquid Rocket Motor.” Aeronautical Journal 103 (1023): 245–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000027913
• Oss, George K. 1966. Development of the Frangible Arcas Meteorological Rocket Vehicle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0630932
• Ostapenko, V. A. 2016. “The Field of Lyman-Alpha Radiation Plus Current Sheets and Physics of Different Zones of the Solar Atmosphere.” IOSR Journal of Applied Physics 08 (04): 69–79. https://doi.org/10.9790/4861-0804036979
• Osterholt, Douglas J., and Douglas M. Knox. 2011. Measuring Fluctuating Pressure Levels and Vibration Response in a Jet Plume. NF1676L-11196. ATA Engineering, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110008441
• Ostlund, Jan, and Mattias Jaran. 1999. “Assessment of Turbulence Models in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle Flow Simulations.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2583. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2583
• Ostrowski, Peter P. 1979. Laser Ignition of Solid Propellant Formulations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073316
• Otsubo, Naoyuki, Kunio Hirata, and Hirotaka Otsu. 2008. “659 Enhancement of Rocket Engine Thrust Using Variable Area Ratio Nozzle.” Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2008.57 (0): 439–40. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2008.57.439
• Otsuki, Tsuyoshi, Takahiro Fujikawa, and Koichi Yonemoto. 2022. “Separation Characteristics of a Two-Stage-To-Orbit Winged Rocket by Aerodynamic Interaction Analysis.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-2689-1_42
• Ott, Richard H. 1993. “NASA’s Commercial Microgravity Program.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930039054
• Ott, Richard. 2016. “Random Vibration Environment Standard Deviation Variation Verification for Solid Rocket Motors.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4702. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4702
• Ott, Richard, Jr., Henry Horstman, and Richard Lahn. 1967. “The Determination of the Orientation of a Uniformly Rotating or Rapidly Rotating Vehicle Utilizing the Outputs from Solar Sensors and a Lateral Magnetometer.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1348. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1348
• Ottinger, R. S., and L. J. Van Nice. 1966a. BOOSTER ROCKET ALTITUDE ABORT PROGRAM. Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, January 4-April 4, 1966. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4513574
• Ottinger, R. S., and L. J. Van Nice. 1966b. BOOSTER ROCKET ALTITUDE ABORT PROGRAM. Second Quarterly Progress Report for Period Ending January 4, 1966. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4538344
• Overmier, David. 1967. “Development of Airframe Heat Protection for a High Performance Sounding Rocket.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1338
• “Overview and History of Hybrid Rocket Propulsion.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0001.0036
• “An Overview of the Hubble Space Telescope Pointing Control System Design and Operation.” 1992. In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4616. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4616
• Owens, Scott M., Jeffery S. Gum, Charles Tarrio, et al. 2005. Narrow-Band EUV Multilayer Coating for the MOSES Sounding Rocket. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050136633
• Ozawa, Kohei, Kazushi Omiya, Nobuyuki Tsuboi, and Kazuhiro Ishii. 2022. “Attempts of Time-Resolved Fuel Regression Measurements of an Altering-Intensity Swirling-Oxidizer-Flow-Type Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3565. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3565
• Ozawa, Yu, Issei Onda, Tomoya Takahashi, et al. 2020. “Rapid Opening with Rigid Bone Parachute Mechanism.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2020 (0): 2P2-C05. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2020.2p2-c05
• Özer, Ali Can, Bülent Sümer, and Yusuf Özyörük. 2019. “Examination of Flow Field inside Grain Port and Grain Regression Characteristics of a Nozzleless Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4221. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4221
• Ozerov, V. D. 2002. “Autogeneration of an Instability of a Plasma Composition Equilibrium in the Plasmaspheric Transition Region during a Postsunset High-Altitude Launch of the Vertikal’-10 Rocket.” Cosmic Research 40 (2): 123–28. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1015141218683
• Pace, N., D. F. Rahlmann, A. M. Kodama, R. C. Mains, and B. W. Grunbaum. 1974. “A Monkey Metabolism Pod for Space Flight Weightlessness Studies.” In Life Sciences and Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-021783-3.50026-x
• Page, T. 1974. “Lyman-Alpha Imagery of Comet Kohoutek, and Far-UV Magnitudes of Stars.” In Scientific investigations on the Skylab satellite; Conference. AIAA 1974-1247. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1247
• Pak, Z. 1993. “Some Ways to Higher Environmental Safety of Solid Rocket Propellant Application.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1755. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1755
• “Pakistan’s Space Program: From Sounding Rockets to Satellite Setbacks.” 2021. Space and Defense 12 (2). https://doi.org/10.32873/uno.dc.sd.12.02.1072
• Palo, Scott E. 2001. A Low-Cost, Remotely-Deployable Meteor Radar System for Mesosphere/Ionosphere Coupling Studies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada387697
• Paluszek, Michael. 2023a. “Attitude Control.” In ADCS - Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-399915-1.00023-1
• Paluszek, Michael. 2023b. “Attitude Estimation.” In ADCS - Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-399915-1.00025-5
• Paluszek, Michael. 2023c. “Recursive Attitude Estimation.” In ADCS - Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-399915-1.00026-7
• Pan, Tingyu, Tingdi Chen, Dongsong Sun, et al. 2021. “Metastable Helium Faraday Filter for Helium Lidar to Measure the Density of the Thermosphere.” Optics Express 29 (3): 4431. https://doi.org/10.1364/oe.415986
• Pan, Yanhui, Xiaohong Guo, Haichen Lin, and Shengjun Luo. 2020. “Lossless Compression Method for Rocket Telemetry Data Based on Reorganizing Frame Information.” In Proceedings of the 2020 International Conference on Computers, Information Processing and Advanced Education. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3419635.3419671
• Pan, Mingjun, Qiang Zhou, and Zheqing Huang. 2023. “Numerical Simulation of Transpiration Cooling in Porous Nose Cone under Hypersonic Conditions.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4597356
• Pandya, Shishir. 2008. “Effects of Solid Rocket Booster Case Breach on Vehicle and Crew Safety.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-6576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6576
• Panel, The Rocket. 1952. “Pressures, Densities, and Temperatures in the Upper Atmosphere.” Physical Review 88 (5): 1027–32. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.88.1027
• Paneth, F. A. 1939. “Composition and Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 143 (3634): 1074–76. https://doi.org/10.1038/1431074a0
• Pantano, Carlos, and Roberto Montanez. 2024. “Fluid-Structure Inflation Simulations of a Parachute with High-Speed Dynamic Reefing.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4655
• Pany, Chıtaranjan. 2021. “Estimation of Correct Long-Seam Mismatch Using FEA to Compare the Measured Strain in a Non-Destructive Testing of a Pressurant Tank.” International Journal of Smart Vehicles and Smart Transportation 4 (1): 16–28. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijsvst.2021010102
• Panzarella, Charles, and Mohammad Kassemi. 2003. “Simulations of Zero Boil-Off in a Cryogenic Storage Tank.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-1159. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1159
• Papamoschou, Dimitri, and Andrew Johnson. 2006. “Unsteady Phenomena in Supersonic Nozzle Flow Separation.” In 36th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-3360. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3360
• Papamoschou, Dimitri, and Andreas Zill. 2004. “Fundamental Investigation of Supersonic Nozzle Flow Separation.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1111. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1111
• Papetla, N., S. P. Das, S. Tiwari, and D. K. Agarwal. 2026. “Effect of Pressurant Gas on Sloshing in LN2 Tank.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-2620-8_18
• Pappert, R. A., and L. R. Hitney. 1988. ELF Scattering in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada198948
• Paravan, Christian, Jakub Glowacki, Stefania Carlotti, Filippo Maggi, and Luciano Galfetti. 2016. “Vortex Combustion in a Lab-Scale Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4562
• Park, Hee-Ho. 2005. “A Study on Regenerative Cooling System for Thrust Chamber Protection.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 33 (3): 78–85. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2005.33.3.078
• Park, Youn Mi, Seh Wan In, and Sang Kwon Jeong. 2005. “The Size Optimization of the Liquid Helium Pressurant Tank for Liquid Propellant Rocket.” In Key engineering materials, vol. 277-279. Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.277-279.776
• Park, Tae Seon, and Tae Jun Jeon. 2024. “Thermal Recycling Analysis in Regenerative Cooling Channels Based on Liquid Rocket Engine Cycles.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4801252
• Park, Seonghyeon, Hongjae Kang, Youngchul Park, and Jongkwang Lee. 2020. “A Review of the Technical Development on Green Hypergolic Propellant.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 24 (4): 79. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2020.24.4.079
• Park, Soo Hyung, and Jang Hyuk Kwon. 2003. “Comparisons of Steady and Unsteady Methods for Pitch-Damping Prediction.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3671. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3671
• Park, Kyung-Su, Yang Na, and Changjin Lee. 2016. “Internal Flow Characteristics and Low-Frequency Instability in Hybrid Rocket Combustion.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_23
• Parkash, Atam, and Anuranjan Sharda. 2023. “Investigation of the Effect of Throat Diameter on Thrust Force Developed in CD Rocket Nozzle Using CFD.” In Manufacturing Technologies and Production Systems. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003367161-5
• Parker, Loyd. 1967. “Operational Range Safety.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1358
• Parker, Timothy, and Ronald Humble. 1994. “Theoretical Upper Limits on Enthalpy Rocket Performance.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2872. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2872
• Parker, K., and M. Summerfield. 1964. “The Ignition Transient in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-126. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-126
• Parkin, Kevin L. G. 2004. “Feasibility and Performance of the Microwave Thermal Rocket Launcher.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 702. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1721019
• Parkinson, W. H. 1969a. Instrumentation and Flight Performance of HCO High Resolution Wavelength Spectrometer: NASA Aerobee Flight 4.185 US. NASA-CR-107441. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700005542
• Parkinson, T. D. 1969b. Rocket Investigation of the Aurora Borealis: Some of Its Prominent Optical Features and Its Ion Composition. NASA-CR-101681. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690020824
• Parkinson, W. H., and J. L. Kohl. 1979. Computer Assisted Performance Tests of the Lyman Alpha Coronagraph. NASA-CR-163622. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800024954
• Parkinson, W. H., E. M. Reeves, and J. L. Kohl. 1974. Rocket Spectrometer for Investigation of the Far Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum. NASA-CR-119089. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750025911
• Parsons, W. 1970. “Minimizing Launch Cost by Institutionalization of Launch Facilities.” In Launch Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-244. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-244
• Partel, G. 1970. “The ‘Bora-Sond’ Upper Atmosphere Sounding Vehicle.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1388
• “Particle Sampling of Solid Rocket Motor Exhausts in High-Altitude Test Cells.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0293.0311
• Patel, Chintan S. n.d. Validation of Two Phase Flow Modeling Techniques in Loci-Stream Using Axial Jet Pressure Control and Autogenous Pressurization Experiment. Qualis Corp (Jacobs Space Exploration Group). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240006546
• Patel, Chintan. 2026. “Validation of Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Self-Pressurization in a Flight-Scale Liquid Hydrogen Tank.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0568
• Patel, Chintan, and Lana Asaad. n.d. “Validation of Multi-Species Two-Phase Turbulent Flow CFD Model for Cryogenic Tank Pressurization.” In 78th Annual Meeting of the APS Division of Fluid Dynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250010268
• Patel, Dev, Justice Bassett, and Kurt Rouser. 2025. “Effect of Nozzle Throat Diameters on Kerosene-NOS Liquid Rocket Performance.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-99101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-99101
• Patel, Chintan, and Brandon Williams. 2024. “Validation of Loci-Stream for Autogenous Pressurization of Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0544. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0544
• Patel, Chintan, Hong Q. Yang, and Brandon Williams. 2024. “Validation of Gas-Liquid Sharp Interface Model in Loci-Stream for Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization under Normal Gravity.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0543. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0543
• Patterson, R. 1982. “Flight Performance Summary for Three NASA Terrier-Malemute II Sounding Rockets.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1727. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1727
• Pauckert, R. P., and R. D. Tobin. 1975a. Space Shuttle Orbit Maneuvering Engine Reusable Thrust Chamber Program. NASA-CR-144441. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750024091
• Pauckert, R. P., and R. D. Tobin. 1975b. Space Shuttle Orbit Maneuvering Engine Reusable Thrust Chamber. Task 10: Data Dump Comparison of 8- and 10- Inch Diameter Thrust Chambers. NASA-CR-141675. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750010240
• Pavelitz, Steven, and B. Anderson. 1995. “Comparison of the NASA Marshall Engineering Thermosphere Model and the Russian Upper Atmosphere Density Model.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-554
• Paxton, Kenneth. 2021. Aerodynamics Experimental Facility Spark Shadowgraph Range Upgrade: 2021. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1135318
• Payload’s on-Orbit Environment. 2012. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118345214.ch2
• Payload’s on-Orbit Environment. 2021. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119384342.ch2
• Payne, Peter R. 1973. “A New Look at Parachute Opening Dynamics.” Aeronautical Journal 77 (746): 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000040331
• Payne, Peter R., and E. G. U. Band. 1976. Research on Parachute Opening. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada038193
• Payne, B., and E. Mayo. 1979. “Terrier Black Brant VC Design Characteristics and Program Statusrocket Development.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-501. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-501
• Peak, Meyrick J., and Jennifer G. Peak. 1982. “Lethal Effects on Biological Systems Caused by Solar Ultraviolet Light: Molecular Considerations.” In The Role of Solar Ultraviolet Radiation in Marine Ecosystems. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-8133-4_29
• Pearce, J. B. 1968. Rocket Measurement of Nitric Oxide between 60 and 96 Kilometers. NASA-CR-100729. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690014432
• Pearson, H. 1962. “The Polytropic Expansion of Air through a Convergent Nozzle at Infinite Pressure Ratio—an Interesting Anomaly.” Aeronautical Quarterly 13 (4): 301–7. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001925900002535
• Pearson, Allan E. 1972. Optimal Control of a Gliding Parachute System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0776355
• Pearson, M. L. 1981. Structural Analysis of Cylindrical Thrust Chambers, Volume 3. NASA-CR-165242. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810018658
• Pecker, Charlotte, and F. Rohrlich. 1963. “Some Attempts at Identification of Spectrum Lines in the Solar Rocket Ultraviolet Spectrum.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 8: 227. https://doi.org/10.1086/190089
• “Peculiarities of Magneto-Ionospheric Effects during Launch of a Group of Rockets.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-19
• Pedersen, Paul E. 1961. Study of Parachute Performance at Low Supersonic Deployment Speeds: Effects of Changing Scale and Clustering. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0267502
• Pedersen, P. E. 1964. Study of Parachute Performance and Design Parameters for High Dynamic Pressure Operation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0607036
• Pedersen, A. 1965. “Measurements of Ion Concentrations in the D-Region of the Ionosphere with a Gerdien Condenser Rocket Probe.” Tellus 17 (1): 2–45. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2153-3490.1965.tb00192.x
• Pei, Jing, Andrew Puetz, Camilo Duarte, Luke Miller, and Paul Rothhaar. 2019. “Suppression of Nonlinear Rotary Slosh Dynamics Using the SLS Adaptive Augmenting Control System Demonstration on a Quadcopter Testbed.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200002420
• Pekkari, L. 1994. “Aeroelastic Analysis of Side Load in Supersonic Nozzles with Separated Flow.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3377. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3377
• Pelevin, F. V., and A. V. Ponomarev. 2018. “To Calculation of Regenerative Cooling of a Liquid Fuel Rocket Engine Chamber.” Russian Aeronautics 61 (1): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799818010117
• Pelevin, Fedor V., and Aleksey V. Ponomarev. 2021. “A REGENERATIVE COOLING SYSTEM FOR THE CHAMBER OF A LIQUID-PROPELLANT ROCKET ENGINE WITH INTERCHANNEL COOLANT FLOW THROUGH A METAL MESH.” Space engineering and technology: 65–77. https://doi.org/10.33950/spacetech-2308-7625-2020-4-65-77
• Pempie, Pascal. 2003. “Consideration on Launch Vehicle Cost Modelisation.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-v.2.08
• Pensado, Alejandro R., Nelson G. Guecha-Ahumada, Justin Shafner, et al. 2026. “Modeling and Simulation of the Dragonfly Drogue Parachute Opening Loads Using POST2.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3809. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3809
• Pepermans, Lars, Mark Rozemeijer, Esmée Menting, Noah Suard, and Sayyam Khurana. 2018. “Systematic Design of a Parachute Recovery System for the Stratos III Student Built Sounding Rocket.” In 2018 Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-3626. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3626
• Pepitone, T., and I. Jacobson. 1977. “Resonant Behavior of a Symmetric Missile Having Roll Orientation-Dependent Aerodynamics.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1127. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1127
• Pepper, W. 1977. Development of a Parachute Recovery System for a Reentry Nose Cone (NRV). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/5306498
• Pepper, W. 1984a. “Development of an 8-Ft-Dia Ribbon Parachute for Recovery of a Test Device at Transonic Speeds.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-793
• Pepper, W. 1984b. “Development of the Parachute Recovery System for the LBRV-2 Reentry Vehicle.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-802. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-802
• Pepper, W. B., and F. M. Collins. 1981. “Development of the ARIES Parachute System.” In AIAA Aerodyn. Decelerator and Balloon Technol. Conf.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820007150
• Pepper, W., Jr. 1979. “Preliminary Report on Development of an Interim Parachute Recovery System /IRS/ for a Reentry Vehicle.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-468. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-468
• Perel, J. 1983. Ion Source for a Rocket Payload. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada135051
• Perez, M. 1964. “Optimum Utilization of Impregnated Throat Inserts in Rocket Nozzles by Surface Encapsulation and Preferential Venting.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-105
• Pérez Roca, Sergio. n.d. “Model-Based Robust Transient Control of Reusable Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/8da63282z9e21z49c0z9f67z0156f62140d8
• “Performance Optimization of a Straight-Scheme Hybrid Rocket Motor.” 2017. Физика горения и взрыва, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.15372/fgv20170603
• Peri, Subrahmanya Hari Prasad. 2021. “Prediction of Nozzle Flow Separation in 2d MOC Nozzle with and without Boundary Layer Correction.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1761
• Perigo, David, Richard Schwane, and Henry Wong. 2003. “Unsteady Numerical Simulations of the Flow in a Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle under Free Shock Separation Conditions.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3676
• Perlmutter, Isaac, and Vincent DePierre. 1965. Steels for Solid-Propellant Rocket-Motor Cases. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0612646
• Perrot, Yohann, and Abdellah Hadjadj. 2006. “Computations of Nozzle Flow Separation with Film Injection.” In 3rd AIAA Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2006-3029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3029
• Perschbacher, T., and J. Potvin. 1999. “The Improved Ideal Parachute Model and Its Application to the Study of the Inflation Dynamics of Slider-Reefed Ram-Air and Round Parachutes.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1750
• Persson, Lennart. 1970. “Hybrid Motors in Sounding Rockets Technical and Economical Advantages.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7551-7_26
• “Perturbations in the Ionosphere Caused by Rocket Launches.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-8
• “Perturbations in the Middle and Outer Ionosphere.” 2013. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-7
• “Perturbations in the Middle and Outer Ionosphere.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-12
• Peschka, Walter. 1992. “Liquid Hydrogen as a Rocket Propellant.” In Liquid Hydrogen. Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9126-2_5
• Petek, F. 1964. “Mechanical Behavior of a Minuteman Stage Iii Rocket Motor during a Hydraulically Simulated Ignition Transient.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-232. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-232
• Peters, Bruce, Michael Brost, William Marx, and Stephan Davis. 2006. “Integrated Cost / Performance Assessment of Launch Vehicle Impact on Space Exploration Architectures.” In Space 2006. AIAA 2006-7201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-7201
• Peters, Spence E., Jr. 1977. A Comparison of Measured Upper Air Temperatures and Temperatures Derived Using the Lapse Rate of the US Standard Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada054960
• Peterson, C. 1996. “The Fluid Dynamics of Parachute Inflation.” Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 28 (1): 361–87. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fluid.28.1.361
• Peterson, Lee D., Armen Derkevorkian, Jason Rabinovitch, Charbel Farhat, and Philip Avery. 2018. “Model Verification and Validation Assessment for a Simulation of Supersonic Parachute Inflation during Martian Entry.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-1539. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1539
• Peterson, J., and J. Garfield. 1976. “The Automated Design of Multistage Solid Rocket Vehicles.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-744. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-744
• Peterson, R., and P. Uney. 1978. “Development and Qualification of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Reaction Control System Propellant Tank.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1026. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1026
• Peterson, C., D. Waye, L. Rollstin, and I. Holt. 1986. “Design and Performance of a Parachute for Supersonic and Subsonic Recovery of an 800-Lb Payload.” In 9th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1986-2435. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2435
• Petrarolo, Anna, Alexander Ruettgers, and Mario Kobald. 2019. “Data Clustering of Hybrid Rocket Combustion Flame.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4193. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4193
• Petre, R. 1981. “A Wide-Field Soft X-Ray Camera.” In NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray Astronomy in the 1980’s. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820018193
• Petri, W. n.d. “4.5.1 Rocket Propulsion.” In Landolt-Börnstein - Group VI Astronomy and Astrophysics. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/10201941_50
• Pettus, J. 1966. “Persistent Re-Entry Vehicle Roll Resonance.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-49. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-49
• Petty, Dillon M., Nicole G. Zimmerli, and Ana Clecia Alves Almeida. n.d. “Design of a GRCop-42 Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber Assembly and Feed System.” In Region III Student Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230002373
• Pfaff, Robert. n.d. “Completing a Prototype Rocket Instrument That Uses Precise Laser Measurements of Miniscule Sensor Displacements to Determine Upper Atmosphere Properties.” In Annual IRAD Poster Session & Innovator of the Year Award Ceremony. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230016457
• Pfaff, Robert F., Jr., Richard A. Goldberg, F. J. Schmidlin, et al. 1999. The Guara Campaign: Rocket-Radar Investigations of the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere at the Magnetic and Geographic Equators. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990102890
• Pfeifer, Gerald R. 2009. “Aerojet: Attitude Control Engines.” In Remembering the Giants: Apollo Rocket Propulsion Development. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100027315
• Pfister, W. 1967. “Auroral Investigations by Means of Rockets.” Space Science Reviews 7 (5–6): 642–88. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00542893
• Pfister, W., and J. C. Ulwick. 1965. “Plasma Sheath Effects on Rocket Antennas.” In Interactions of Space Vehicles with an Ionized Atmosphere. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9754-8.50008-2
• Pfitzer, E. A., P. P. Yevich, E. A. Greene, and K. H. Jacobson. 1959. “Acute Toxicity of Red Fuming Nitric Acid-Hydro-Fluoric Acid Vapor Mixture.” Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1 (1): 67. https://doi.org/10.1097/00043764-195901000-00041
• Phelps, Edson H., Fredrick S. Lee, and Raymond B. Robinson. 1955. Corrosion Studies in Fuming Nitric Acid. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0090526
• Phelps, A. V., and G. J. Schulz. 1964. Atomic Collision Processes Relating to the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608958
• Phibbs, R. G., and F. L. Staffanson. 1969. A Capability Model for Passive Spheres at High Altitudes. Utah Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009274
• Philbrick, Charles R., Gerard Faucher, and Patricia Bench. 1978. “Composition of the Mid-Latitude Winter Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” In Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022021-5.50031-8
• Philipson, Lloyd L. 1995. “Risk Assessments for Space and Missile Launch Hazards.” In Risk and Safety Assessments: Building Viable Solutions. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1995-0453
• Phillips, J. F., R. C. McNutt, and E. F. Croomes. 1969. “Determination of Nitrogen Dioxide in Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Analyst 94 (1124): 1047. https://doi.org/10.1039/an9699401047
• Phillips, A., and R. A. Vincent. 1989. “Radar Observations of Prevailing Winds and Waves in the Southern Hemisphere Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” In Middle Atmosphere. Birkhäuser Basel. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5825-0_12
• Physical Mechanism and Numerical Modeling of Liquid Propellant Atomization. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118890035.ch2
• “Physics of Measurement of the Wire Temperature Sensing System for Rocket Systems.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0167.0174
• “Physiological and Biological Effects of Weightlessness in Humans and Animals the Cardiovascular System.” 2004. In Space and Life. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203602102.ch5
• Pialat, Amélie, Alexandros A. Kitos, Tomasz G. Witkowski, et al. 2022. “Achieving Short Ignition Delay and High Specific Impulse with Cyanoborohydride-Based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids.” New Journal of Chemistry 46 (44): 21212–20. https://doi.org/10.1039/d2nj03372k
• Picanço, Giórgio Arlan da Silva. 2026. “An Assimilative Vary–Chap Model for the Topside Ionosphere Electron Density.” URSI Radio Science Letters 8. https://doi.org/10.46620/26-0087
• Picciolo, G. L., E. M. Powers, and E. Rich Jr. 1966. An Experiment to Detect Microorganisms in the Upper Atmosphere Flown on Aerobee NASA 4.150. NASA-TM-X-55642. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670007216
• Pickell, James R. 1976. Dispersion Control System for Sounding Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada027530
• Piergallini, J. R., and A. M. Stoll. 1980. Technique and Measurement of Heat Flux and Flame Temperature in Rocket Plume Exposures. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada086533
• Pierman, B. C. 1969. Sounding Rocket Parameters versus Flight Reliability. NASA-TM-X-63558. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690018398
• Piesik, E., and D. Roberts. 1969. “A Method to Define Low-Altitude Rocket Exhaust Characteristics and Impingement Effects.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-568
• Pietrzyk, J., J. Schuster, and E. Kroeger. 1993. “EOTV Propellant Tank Pressure Control and Liquid Dynamics.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2399
• Pignalberi, Alessio, Fabio Giannattasio, Michael Pezzopane, Igino Coco, and Tommaso Alberti. 2023. On the Correlation between Electron Density and Temperature in the Topside Ionosphere through Swarm Satellites Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5696
• Pilger, Christoph, and Patrick Hupe. 2026. Infrasound Detection Highlights of Rockets from and to Space. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-4824
• Pilkey, Debbie, and Robert Jeremy Kenny. 2011. “A Review of Large Solid Rocket Motor Free Field Acoustics, Part I.” In Acoustical Society of America. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120001760
• Pincus, B. R., J. S. Stephenson, and T. E. Thompson Jr. 1971. Sounding Rocket Instrumentation Data Aerobee 350, Flight 17.05GT-CG. NASA-TM-X-65539. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710016361
• Pinier, Jeremy T. 2024. “Ground Winds Experienced by the Space Launch System Rocket on the Pad before the Artemis I Launch.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0016. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0016
• Pinson, L. D. 1964. Longitudinal Spring Constants for Liquid- Propellant Tanks with Ellipsoidal Ends. NASA-TN-D-2220. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650001031
• Pippin, John, and Alyssa S. Avery. 2026. “Development of Low Altitude Sounding Rocket for Collecting Eulerian Slices of Atmospheric Boundary Layer.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4784
• Piquet, Arthur. n.d. “Physical Analysis and Numerical Simulation of the Separation Phenomenon in over-Expanded Nozzle Flow.” PhD diss., Normandie. https://doi.org/10.70675/34f562cfz06b4z42ebzad8aza13025bfd186
• Pires, Armando, and Jose Alonso. 1990. “Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Design: An Intelligent System.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2737
• Pirk, Rogério, Luís Eduardo Loures da Costa, and Jonas Fulindi. 2017. “Application of a Systemic Hazard Analysis to Launch and Rescue Operation of a Microgravity Suborbital Space Vehicle.” In Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanicl Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0375
• Pirnaris, Panagiotis, and Theodoros Sarris. 2023. “Analysis of in-Situ Measurements of Electron, Ion and Neutral Temperatures in the Lower Thermosphere-Ionosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2023-18
• Piskin, Onur Can, Cagla Doksoz, and Habibe Gürsoy Demir. 2026. “Investigating the Aerodynamic Behavior of Rockets with Varying Nose Cone Geometries in Subsonic Flight.” Journal of Aviation 10 (2): 211–18. https://doi.org/10.30518/jav.1674179
• Placco, L. 2023. “High-Fidelity Simulation of a Supersonic Parachute for Mars Descent.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 33. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902677-20
• Plachta, David, Carl Aukerman, and Steven Oleson. 1995. “Advanced Propulsion Trade Study for Upper Stages of Low Cost Launch Vehicles.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2570. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2570
• Plane, V. C. 1963. Total Impulse Measuring System for Solid Propellant Rocket Engine: Phase I Report. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0605853
• Plane, V. C. 1964a. Total Impulse Measuring System for Solid Propellant Rocket Engine. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0605491
• Plane, V. C. 1964b. Total Impulse Measuring System for Solid Propellant Rocket Engine: Installation and Operation Handbook. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0606515
• Plane, V. C. 1964c. Total Impulse Measuring System for Solid Propellant Rocket Engine: Phase II Report. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0606557
• Plane, John Maurice Campbell, Shane Daly, Wuhu Feng, Michael Gerding, and Juan Carlos Gomez Martin. 2020. “Meteor-Ablated Aluminum in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10504516.1
• Plane, John M. C., Wuhu Feng, Juan Carlos Gómez Martín, Michael Gerding, and Shikha Raizada. 2018. “A New Model of Meteoric Calcium in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2018-493
• Plane, John M. C., Jörg Gumbel, Konstantinos S. Kalogerakis, Daniel R. Marsh, and Christian von Savigny. 2023. “Opinion: Recent Developments and Future Directions in Studying the Chemistry of the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-680
• Platou, Anders S. 1963b. The Magnus Force on a Finned Body. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403767
• Platov, Yu. V. 2011. “Condensation of Combustion Products in Rocket Engines Exhaust in the Upper Atmosphere.” Recent Patents on Space Technology 1 (1): 46–50. https://doi.org/10.2174/1877611611101010046
• Platov, Yu. V., G. N. Kulikova, and S. A. Chernouss. 2003. “Classification of Gas-Dust Structures in the Upper Atmosphere Associated with the Exhausts of Rocket-Engine Combustion Products.” Cosmic Research 41 (2): 153–58. https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1023335014306
• Platov, Yulii V., and Sergey Sh. Nikolayshvili. 2016. “Physical Mechanisms of Upper Atmosphere Optical Phenomena Associated with Rocket Engine Operation.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_34
• Platov, Yu. V., A. I. Semenov, and B. P. Filippov. 2011. “Condensation of Combustion Products in the Exhaust Plumes of Rocket Engines in the Upper Atmosphere.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 51 (4): 550–56. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793211040153
• Platus, Daniel H. 1967. A Simple Analysis of Reentry Vehicle Roll Resonance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0810587
• Platus, D. 1978. “Reentry-Vehicle Dispersion from Entry Angular Misalignment.” In 4th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1978-1367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1367
• Platus, D. H. 1980. Roll Resonance Control of Angle of Attack for Reentry Vehicle Drag Modulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada093741
• Platus, D. H. 1998. Missile and Spacecraft Coning Instabilities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada349546
• Podgorny, Alexander, Igor Podgorny, and Alexei Borisenko. 2023. “MHD Simulation in the Solar Corona to Obtain Conditions for the Acceleration of Cosmic Rays during Solar Flares.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202302.0486.v1
• Podlesnyi, Aleksey, Aleksey Naumenko, and Mark Cedrik. 2019. “Estimating Antenna Coupling Factor for Problem of Topside Ionosphere Sounding from Space by Chirp Signals.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 5 (4): 101–7. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-54201914
• Poe, R., and H. Small. 1965. “Air Density in the Lower Thermosphere.” In 2nd Annual Meeting. AIAA 1965-506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-506
• Pollock, Ross D., Joseph K. Britton, Nicholas D. C. Green, et al. 2024. “Prevention of G-Induced Effects on Vision and Consciousness during Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight.” Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 95 (12): 897–901. https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6511.2024
• Pong, Christopher, Matthew Knutson, David Miller, et al. 2012. “High-Precision Pointing and Attitude Determination and Control on ExoplanetSat.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-4783. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4783
• Pongratz, M. 1972. Determination of Sounding Rocket Position and Attitude from Radar and Magnetometer Data. NASA-CR-127110. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720018865
• Ponomarev, Nikolay, Alexander Ponomarev, and Vladimir Komarov. 2009. “Experimental Investigations of Flow Restricted Shock Separation in High-Area-Ratio Nozzle with Exit Cone.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5145
• Ponomaryov, N., A. Voinov, G. Dumnov, G. Dumnov, N. Ponomaryov, and A. Voinov. 1997. “Dual Bell Nozzles for Rocket Engines of Launch Vehicle Upper Stages and Orbitral Transfer Vehicles.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3089. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3089
• Pont, Bjarni, Jochem Beurskens, Joris Dalderup, et al. 2019. “REXUS-25 Rocket Flight of a CubeSat Cosmic-Ray Detector.” In Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.358.0124
• Ponti, Fabrizio, Stefano Mini, Luca Fadigati, Adriano Annovazzi, and Enrico Corti. 2021. “Influence of Nozzle Radiation on Solid Rocket Motors Tail-off Thrust.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 20 (3): 45–64. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2021038491
• Popov, Pavel, Athanasios Sideris, and William A. Sirignano. 2013. “Stochastic Modeling of Transverse Wave Instability in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-3777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3777
• Popov, Pavel P., Athanasios Sideris, and William A. Sirignano. 2014a. “Propellant Feed System Influence on Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0134
• Popov, Pavel P., Athanasios Sideris, and William A. Sirignano. 2014b. “Stochastic Modelling of Transverse Wave Instability in a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 745: 62–91. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2014.96
• Popov, Pavel P., Athanasios Sideris, and William A. Sirignano. 2016. “Low-Probability Events Leading to Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-1932. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1932
• Popov, Pavel P., and William A. Sirignano. 2015. “Transverse Combustion Instability in a Rectangular Rocket Motor.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4210
• Poppoff, I. . G., and R. C. Whitten. 1963. Ionization and De-Ionization in the Lower Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0418467
• Porcelli, G., and E. Vogel. 1978. “Modular Spin-Stabilized, Tandem Solid Rocket Upper Stage.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1309
• Portz, Ron. 2004. “Launch Vehicle Design Features for Minimum Cost.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-3562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-3562
• “Postfire Sampling of Solid Rocket Motors for Contamination Sources in High-Altitude Test Cells.” 1984. In Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865640.0312.0327
• Potemra, T. 1963. Heating of the Electrons in the f Region of the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0405334
• Pottasch, StuartR. 1964. “On the Interpretation of the Solar Ultraviolet Emission Line Spectrum.” Space Science Reviews 3 (5–6). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00177958
• Potvin, J. 1997. “Testing a New Model of Ram-Air Parachute Inflation.” Aeronautical Journal 101 (1007): 299–314. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000066161
• Potvin, J. 2001b. “More Scaling Laws for Ram-Air Parachute Inflation.” In 16th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2001-2072. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2072
• Potvin, Jean. 2022. “Matching the Physics or the Peak Load? Simple Rules for Parachute Inflation Testing at the Full- and Sub-Scales.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2703
• Potvin, Jean, Richard Charles, and Kenneth Desabrais. 2007. “Comparative DSSA Study of Payload-Container Dynamics Prior to, during and after Parachute Inflation.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2564. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2564
• Potvin, Jean, and Gary Peek. 2007. “Testing without Load Cells-Can Opening Shock Be Estimated from Video Data Only?” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2551. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2551
• Potvin, Jean, and John Rangel. 2026. “Parachute-Smart Machine Learning Algorithm for Inflation Time Assessment from Test Data.” In 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2026-3800. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3800
• Potvin, Jean, and Eric Ray. 2019. “Opening Shock Factor Calculation for Orion Main Parachute Disreefing.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3486. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3486
• Pouliquen, M. 1978a. “Altitude Simulation Testing of the HM7 LOX/LH2 Rocket Engine for theAriane Launcher.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-968. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-968
• Pouliquen, M. 1978b. “Performance Characteristics of HM7, LOX/LH2 Rocket Engine for the Ariane Launcher.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1036. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1036
• Pouliquen, M. 1982. “HM 60 Cryogenic Rocket Engine for the Ariane V Launcher.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1250. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1250
• Pourpoint, Timothee, and William Anderson. 2005. “Environmental Effects on Hypergolic Ignition.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3581. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3581
• Povinelli, L., and R. Rosenstein. 1964. “Alumina Size Distributions from High-Pressure Composite Solid-Propellant Combustion.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-115. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-115
• Powell, J. 2004. “StarTram: Ultra Low Cost Launch for Large Space Architectures.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 699. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1649651
• Powell, James. 2006. “StarTram: An Ultra Low Cost Launch System to Enable Large Scale Exploration of the Solar System.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 813. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2169288
• Prasad, G. 2022. “Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis on the Reusable Launch Vehicle.” Incas Bulletin 14 (1): 119–24. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2022.14.1.10
• Prasanna, T. R., M. Jegannath, Sulthan A. Rahman, Vishnu Natarajan, Vigneshwaran Sankar, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018. “Radiation Effects on Ignition Delay and Flame Spread in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4902
• Prasanraj, S. 2019. “Advanced Composite Materials in Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” International Journal of Engineering Research and V8 (12). https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv8is120284
• Pratap, Mahendra, Anil Kumar Agrawal, and Swadesh Kumar. 2019. “Design and Selection Criteria of Main Parachute for Re Entry Space Payload.” Defence Science Journal 69 (6): 531–37. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.69.12681
• Preclik, D., D. Wiedmann, W. Oechslein, and J. Kretschmer. 1998. “Cryogenic Rocket Calorimeter Chamber Experiments and Heat Transfer Simulations.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3440. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3440
• “Prediction of the Stability of Unsteady Motions in Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors.” 1992. In Nonsteady Burning and Combustion Stability of Solid Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866159.0719.0779
• Preliminary Vibration, Acoustic, and Shock Design and Test Criteria for Components on the SRB, ET, and SSME. 1976. NASA-TM-X-64868. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770005171
• Pressley, H., and R. Glick. 1983. “Burning Rate Measurements in Solid Rocket Motors.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-481. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-481
• Pressly, E. C. 1965. Sounding Rockets. NASA-TM-X-55123. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650006344
• Pressly, Eleanor C., Smith Jr., and Charles P. 1954. Upper Atmosphere Research Report Number 21. Summary of Upper Atmosphere Rocket Research Firings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb957191
• “Pressure Exponent of Controllable Solid Rocket Propellants.” 1972. In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1135. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1135
• “Pressures and Temperatures for Standard Atmosphere.” 2000. In Chemistry of the Upper and Lower Atmosphere. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-012257060-5/50023-x
• “Pressurization of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Tanks.” 2019. In Chemical Kinetics in Combustion and Reactive Flows. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108581714.009
• Pria, Gaia Lucrezia Dalla, Eric Almqvist, Luis Arancibia Parra, et al. 2024. Open Source Sounding Rocket-Based Free-Falling Platform to Conduct Reduced Gravity Research. https://doi.org/10.52202/078356-0029
• Price, J. F. 1963. Physiological and Psychological Effects of Space Flight: A Bibliography Volume II. Weightlessness and Subgravity. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0293855
• Price, E. 1964. “Axial Mode, Intermediate Frequency Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-146. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-146
• Price, H. 1980. “Cooling of High Pressure Rocket Thrust Chambers with Liquid Oxygen.” In 16th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1980-1260. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1260
• Price, E., and G. Dehority. 1967. “Velocity Coupled Axial Mode Combustion Instability in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 2nd Solid Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1967-1523. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1523
• Price, J., A. Lawrie, J. Rollins, R. Grove, and J. Miller. 1992. “Design and Qualification of the Eurostar 2000 Propellant Tank.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3606
• Price, D. A., Jr. 1967. Sources, Mechanisms, and Control of Roll Resonance Phenomena for Sounding Rockets. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670064188
• Price, D. A., Jr., and P. S. Woods. 1968. Dynamic Stability Study for Sounding Rockets Final Report. NASA-CR-95054. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680016252
• Priester, W., H. A. Martin, and K. Kramp. 1960. “Earth Satellite Observations and the Upper Atmosphere: Diurnal and Seasonal Density Variations in the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 188 (4746): 202–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/188202a0
• Prince, Joseph K., Teresa R. Sterner, and Erik K. Vermulen. 1996. Launch Area Toxic Risk Analysis Program (LATRA) Toxicology Review. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada332950
• Princeton Univ Nj. 1952. Combustion Instability in Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0036008
• Prins, William, Scott Meyer, and Paul Cox. 1992. “Advanced Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Thrust Vector Control Flexseal Development Status.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3553. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3553
• Pritz, W., and R. Schoner. 1972. “Verification of a Comprehensive Thrust Chamber Compatibility Model for Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1078. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1078
• Priyadarshini, Sushree, Mohapatra Kumar Gourab, Utpal Mandal, and Angshuman Roy. 2023. “A Comparative Study on Various Flight Termination System Technologies.” Defence Science Journal 73 (3): 351–61. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.73.18334
• “Probing the Upper Atmosphere.” 1958. Analytical Chemistry 30 (9): 19A-34A. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60141a712
• “Probing the Upper Atmosphere.” 1989. Analytical Chemistry 61 (7): 467A-467A. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00182a725
• “Problems in Modeling a Spin Stabilized Vehicle.” 1985. In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1456. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1456
• Procópio, Heuller Aloys Carneiro, Luiz Eduardo Galvão Martins, and Carlos Henrique Netto Lahoz. 2024. “Safety Requirements Identification in Suborbital Payload Experiments.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 16: e3124. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v16.1351
• Produit, Nicolas, Hancheng Li, and Roland Walter. 2023. “The Cosmic X-Ray Background Explorer (CXBe).” In Proceedings of 38th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2023). Sissa Medialab. https://doi.org/10.22323/1.444.0911
• A Program of High Resolution X-Ray Astronomy Using Sounding Rockets. 1972. NASA-CR-130166. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730004185
• “Propellant Ignition and Flame Propagation.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0405.0435
• “Propellant Ignition by High Convective Heat Fluxes.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0653.0672
• “Propellant Injection Systems and Processes.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0001.0018
• Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere. 2014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102547.0625.0632
• Properties of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere. 2024. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107252.0695.0702
• Propulsion Division Propulsion and Vehicle Engineering Laboratory. 1965. Proceedings of the Conference on Propellant Tank Pressurization and Stratification, Volume 2. NASA-TM-X-57140. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750065471
• Proroka, Vladislav Arkadiyovych, and Vladimir Ivanovich Lypovskyi. 2019. “Prospects of Anisogrid Lattice Structures Using in Adapters of Launch Vehicle.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 27 (4): 25–34. https://doi.org/10.15421/451905
• Prozan, R., and G. Luke. 1999. “CFD Prediction of Nozzle Flow Separation without Boundary Layer Resolution.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2645. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2645
• Przekwas, A., A. Singhal, L. Tam, and K. Davidian. 1986. “Computational Simulation of Liquid Rocket Injector Anomalies.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1424. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1424
• Pshenychka, Yevhenii. 2026. “Cooling of Low-Thrust Liquid Rocket Engines with Liquid and Alkali Metals.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/3083-7057-2026-1-032
• Psiaki, Mark. 1998. “Autonomous LEO Orbit Determination from Magnetometer and Sun Sensor Data.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4308. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4308
• Psiaki, Mark. 2003. “Global Magnetometer-Based Spacecraft Attitude and Rate Estimation.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5561. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5561
• Psiaki, Mark, and Hee Jung. 2001. “Tests of Magnetometer/sun-Sensor Orbit Determination Using Flight Data.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4428. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4428
• Puening, Ron. 1990. “Cost Effectiveness Perspectives for Launch Vehicle Health Monitoringsystems.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2707. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2707
• Purcell, Steven, Weldon Daines, and Leon Christensen. 1992. “Simulation of the Pressure Gradient in a Segmented Solid Rocket Motor during the Ignition Transient.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3822
• Purdy, Ellyssa Marie. 2023. “Actively Minimize Rocket Roll-Rate during the Coast Phase.” Proceedings of the Wisconsin Space Conference. https://doi.org/10.17307/wsc.v1i1.386
• Purinton, David, John Blevins, Victor Pritchett, Davy Haynes, and Mike Carpenter. 2011. “Aerodynamic Characterization and Simulation of a Solid Rocket Booster during Reentry Flight.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-14. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-14
• Purvis, J. 1981. “Theoretical Analysis of Parachute Inflation Including Fluid Kinetics.” In 7th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1925. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1925
• Purvis, J. 1984. “Numerical Prediction of Deployment, Initial Fill, and Inflation of Parachute Canopies.” In 8th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1984-787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-787
• Pusat Teknologi Roket LAPAN, Effendi Dodi Arisandi, and Sendy Destya. 2019. “Display of Rocket Payload Data in Real Time.” In Pengembangan Iptek Litbangyasa Pesawat Terbang, Roket dan Satelit. Pustekbang. https://doi.org/10.30536/p.siptekgan.2019.v23.16
• “The PWN-8B Meteorological Rocket System.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0053.0061
• Qaumi, Taruansh Singh. 2021. “Aerodynamic Optimization of the Von Karman Nose Cone for a Supersonic Sounding Rocket.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14635638
• Qaumi, Taruansh. 2024. “Numerical and Experimental Modal Analysis of a 1-Stage Rocket Aerostructure.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/26862379
• Qin, Guotai. 2013. “Relationship between Severe Geomagnetic Storm, Energetic Particle Storms and Thermosphere Density Strong Disturbances.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 33 (1): 39. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2013.01.039
• Qin, Fei, He Guoqiang, Liu Peijin, and Li Jiang. 2006. “Algorithm Study on Burning Surface Calculation of Solid Rocket Motor with Complicated Grain Based on Level Set Methods.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4774. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4774
• Qin, Jason, and Christopher Smead. 2021. “Determining the Relationship between the Velocity and Drag Coefficient of a Model Rocket.” Journal of Student Research 10 (3). https://doi.org/10.47611/jsrhs.v10i3.1684
• Qin, Jianxiu, Huiqiang Zhang, and Bing Wang. 2016. “Numerical Investigation on Combustion Instability in a Small MMH/NTO Liquid Rocket Engine.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-5087. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5087
• QIN Guotai, QIU Shiyan, HE Aiqing, et al. 2002. ““SZ-2” Atmospheric Density Detector Measurement Result （i） Change of the Thermosphere Density in the Sunshine and Shaded Area.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 22 (2): 136. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2002.02.20020206
• QIN Guotai, QIU Shiyan, HE Aiqing, et al. 2003. “SZ-2’ Atmospheric Density Detector Measurement Result II. Change of the Thermosphere Density during Solar and Geomagnetic Activity.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 23 (2): 135. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2003.02.20030208
• Qu, Zhen, Yong Li, Jintao Liu, Kun Cai, Jun Long, and Can Yao. 2023. “Experimental Study on Liquid Sloshing Characteristics in a Propellant Tank with Perforated Damping Structure on a Satellite.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2576419/v1
• Quadrelli, Marco, Jonathan Cameron, and Viktor Kerzhanovich. 2001. “Modeling, Simulation, and Control of Parachute/balloon Flight Systems for Mars Exploration.” In 16th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2001-2026. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2026
• Queen, Eric, and Ben Raiszadeh. 2002. “Mars Smart Lander Parachute Simulation Model.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4617. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4617
• Queiroz de Oliveira, George Stephane, João Lucas Lobato Soares, and Rene Gonçalves. 2018. “Behavior Analysis Simulation of Solid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 17th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2018.cit18-0798
• Quentmeyer, R. 1990. “Rocket Combustion Chamber Life-Enhancing Design Concepts.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2116. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2116
• Quentmeyer, R., H. Kasper, and J. Kazaroff. 1978. “Investigation of the Effect of Ceramic Coatings on Rocket Thrust Chamber Life.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1034. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1034
• Quero granado, Elena. n.d. “Development of a 1.5-D Combustion Chamber Model of a Hybrid Rocket Engine for a System Design Tool.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/4f780682z491bz4132zb05dzcea0ef719362
• Quesada, Antonio F. 1971. Application of Vector and Matrix Methods to Triangulation of Chemical Releases in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0729448
• Quilici, J. 1984. “Nozzle Development for the Proposed AGM-130 Rocket Motor.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1415. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1415
• Quinn, Jason. 1999. “Cost Trade-off for a Pressure Fed Liquid Rocket to LEO.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2622
• Quiroz, Roderick S. 1961. Seasonal and Latitudinal Variations of Air Density in the Mesosphere (30 TO-80 Kilometers). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0254761
• Quiroz, Roderick S. 1968b. “Synoptic Density Maps of the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 7 (6): 969–76. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1968)007<0969:sdmotu>2.0.co;2
• Quiroz, R. S. 1972. On the Relative Need for Satellite Remote Soundings and Rocket Soundings of the Upper Atmosphere. NOAA, National Meteorological Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720042724
• Rachele, Henry, and Manuel Armendariz. 1967. “Surface Wind Sampling for Unguided Rocket Impact Prediction.” Journal of Applied Meteorology 6 (3): 516–18. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1967)006<0516:swsfur>2.0.co;2
• Račkauskas, Saulius, Algimantas Fedaravičius, and Survila Arvydas. 2019. “Numerical Study on Internal Ballistics Characteristics of a Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” Mechanika 25 (3): 187–96. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.mech.25.3.23742
• Radhakrishnan, Kanmaniraja, Min Son, Keonwoong Lee, and Jaye Koo. 2018. “Lagrangian Approach to Axisymmetric Spray Simulation of Pintle Injector for Liquid Rocket Engines.” Atomization and Sprays 28 (5): 443–58. https://doi.org/10.1615/atomizspr.2018022652
• Radke, Christopher Daniel. n.d. “Experimental Characterization of a Liquid-Liquid Co-Axial Swirl Rocket Injector Using Non-Invasive Optical and X-Ray Techniques.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-1431
• Radke, Christopher D., Terrence R. Meyer, and Theodore Heindel. 2014. “Effect of Injector Exit Geometry on Atomization of a Liquid-Liquid Double Swirl Coaxial Injector Using Non-Invasive Laser, Optical and X-Ray Techniques.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3787
• Rafferty, C. A. 1968. Altitude Developmental Testing of the J-2 Rocket Engine in Propulsion Engine Test Cell (J-4) (Test J4-1801-10). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0827403
• Ragusa, J. 1983. “Payload/cargo Processing at the Launch Site.” In Shuttle Environment and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1983-2603. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2603
• Rahardiyanti, Kandi, Shandi Prio Laksono, Khaula Nurul Hakim, et al. 2025. “Performance of Rocket Data Communication System Using Wire Rope Isolator on Sounding Rocket RX.” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 38 (2): 783. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v38.i2.pp783-793
• Rahmatullah, M. 1963. Some Aspects of Stratospheric Circulation Derived from Meteorological Rocket Firings over the United States during the Winter of 1961. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630023280
• Rahmatullah, M. 1972. Upper Atmosphere Wind and Temperature Structure at Sonmiani Derived from the Rocket Grenade Experiments Conducted during 1965: 1967. NASA-CR-133401. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730018604
• Rahn, Daniel, Hendrik Riedmann, and Oskar Haidn. 2019. “Conjugate Heat Transfer Simulation of a Subscale Rocket Thrust Chamber Using a Timescale Based Frozen Non-Adiabatic Flamelet Combustion Model.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3864. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3864
• Raitt, W. J. 1978. Studies of the Dynamics of the High Latitude Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada064530
• Raj, Arun, S. Santhoshbabu, Sanjeev Kumar, et al. 2025. Design, Development & Qualification of Human Rated Solid Rocket Booster for Gaganyaan Mission. https://doi.org/10.52202/080554-0014
• Rajagopal, Manikanda. 2015. “Numerical Modeling of Regenerative Cooling System for Large Expansion Ratio Rocket Engines.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 7 (1): 011012. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4028979
• Rajan, K. M., and K. Narasimhan. 2005. “Design and Structural Analysis of a Thrust Chamber for a Spinning Supersonic Rocket – a Case Study.” Aeronautical Journal 109 (1094): I-VI. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000701
• Rakisheva, Zaure, Anna Sukhenko, and Rustam Povetkin. 2014. “Computer Simulation Model of Sun Sensor and Magnetic Sensor for Attitude Determination of a Small Satellite.” Applied Mathematical Sciences 8: 7359–66. https://doi.org/10.12988/ams.2014.49765
• Ramadhan, Rizky, Andoko Andoko, and Suprayitno Suprayitno. 2024. “Simulation of Divergent Angle of Hybrid Rocket Engine Nozzle Using Ansys CFD.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2859. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0223224
• Ramanamurty, Y. V., and K. Rawer. 1974. “Results Obtained from Rocket-Borne Field Strength Measurements.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-013
• Ramaty, R., and N. Mandzhavidze. n.d. “Solar Flares: Gamma Rays.” In The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1888/0333750888/2292
• Ramsdale, D. J. 1968. Error Propagation in the Rocket Grenade Experiment. NASA-CR-93209. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680008126
• Ramsden, Philip. 1976. “Rocket Vehicle Safety during Development and Operational Use.” In Space Activity Impact on Science and Technology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020365-2.50039-1
• Ramsey, P. E. 1974. Determination of Aerodynamic Stability and Drag of the Titan 3 C SRM during Entry. NASA-CR-134402. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740024302
• Ramsey, Marc, Robert Pitz, Thomas Jenkins, Yu Matsutomi, Changjin Yoon, and William Anderson. 2011a. “Experimental Velocity Profiles in the Cap Shock Pattern of a Thrust Optimized Rocket Nozzle.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-1167. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1167
• Ramsey, James, Donald Sessler, and Lien Yang. 1995. “Peacekeeper Flight Termination Ordnance System.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2409. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2409
• Rand, James L. 1963. The Aerodynamic Heating of a Composite Flat Plate. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0419249
• Randhawa, Jagir S. 1966. ROCKET-BORNE OZONESONDE. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0639958
• Randhawa, J. S. 1967. “Ozonesonde for Rocket Flight.” Nature 213 (5071): 53–54. https://doi.org/10.1038/213053a0
• Ranganathan, Jaganathan, Stephen D. Bongiorno, and Srikanth Panini Singam. n.d. “Design and Analysis of the Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft X-Ray (REDSoX) Polarimeter Mirror Module Assembly.” In SPIE Optics & Photonics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240010155
• Rantanen, R. 1977. “Spacecraft Contamination Modeling.” In 12th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1977-739. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-739
• Ranzi, I., and P. Dominici. 1961. Backscatter Sounding during Ionospheric Storms. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0268084
• Rao, M. M. 1967. Studies of the Equatorial Ionosphere Using Rocket Techniques. NASA-CR-89742. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670030459
• Rao, Ganti L. 1970. Investigations on Travelling Ionospheric Disturbances (TID’S) BY THE CW Doppler Phase-Path Sounding Array. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0723318
• Rao, S. S., and A. K. Singh. 2021. “Probing the Upper Atmosphere Using GPS.” In GPS and GNSS Technology in Geosciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818617-6.00011-1
• Raper, J. L., R. R. Lundstrom, and F. C. Michel. 1973. “The Viking Parachute Qualification Test Technique.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730046640
• Rapp, Douglas. 1993. “Reliability Assessment of Thrust Chamber Cooling Concepts Using Probabilistic Analysis Techniques.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2163. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2163
• Rapp, Lucien. 2025. “Launch Vehicle (Alternatively: Launcher, Carrier Rocket).” In The Spationary. Brill | Nijhoff. https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004725034_100
• Rapp, M., F.-J. Lübken, and T. A. Blix. 2003. “Small Scale Density Variations of Electrons and Charged Particles in the Vicinity of Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-3-3469-2003
• Rappaport, Saul. 1987. X-Ray Astronomy Experiments from Sounding Rockets. NASA-CR-180112. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870007286
• Rasheed, Naida, Nathan Drummond, and Matthew Willson. 2025. The Wind Weighting System: High-Fidelity Wind Compensation Software for Launch Operations. https://doi.org/10.52202/083096-0005
• Rashis, Bernard, and Aleck C. Bond. 1961. Free-Flight Skin-Temperature and Surface-Pressure Measurements on a Highly Polished Nose Having a 100 Deg Total-Angle Cone and a 10 Deg Half-Angle Conical Flare Section up to a Mach Number of 4.08. NASA-TN-D-807. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040047118
• Rasmussen, R., A. Lanzaro, N. Sinnott, and D. Schafer. 1967. “Attitude Control for Spinning Sounding Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1349. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1349
• Rastogi, R., and H. Singh. 1978. “Pressure Dependence of Burning Rate of Composite Solid Propellants.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1011. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1011
• Ratkowski, Anthony J., and James C. Ulwick. 1993. “Rocket Measurements of High-Latitude Summer Mesospheric [O], OH, O2 Delta and Spacecraft Glow.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2050, edited by Sergej Leontyev. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.164825
• Ratovsky, Konstantin, and Irina Medvedeva. 2026. “Comparative Analysis of Responses of Minimum Frequency of Ionogram Reflections and Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere Temperature to Winter Sudden Stratospheric Warmings.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 12 (1): 40–49. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-121202606
• Rault, Didier, and Michael Woronowicz. 1993. “Spacecraft Contamination Investigation by Direct Simulation Monte Carlo: Contamination on UARS/HALOE.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-724
• Ravi, Isu, Stephan McCandliss, and Russell Pelton. 2021. “Lyman-Alpha Filter Prototype to Enable Astronomical Photometry in the Lyman Ultraviolet.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594300
• Ravinder Reddy, P., A. Dhanalaxmi, M. Rakesh, and G. Chandramouli. 2019. “Analysis of Characteristics of Launcher Missile System and Its Optimization to Reduce Tip-Off Effect during Launch.” In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24314-2_52
• Rawer, K., D. Bilitza, and W. Singer. 1995. The High Latitudes in the International Reference Ionosphere; Meeting C4 of Commission C, COSPAR Scientific Assembly, 30th, Hamburg, Germany, July 11-21, 1994. No Number:. Albert-Ludwigs-Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950053487
• Ray, Eric. 2013. “Reconstruction of Orion EDU Parachute Inflation Loads.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1260. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1260
• Razgonyaev, Valery, and W. Mason. 1995. “Refined Lift and Side Force Wing-Body-Tail Interference Coefficients for Aircraft and Missile Aerodynamics.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3451. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3451
• “Real Time Spacecraft Attitude Determination by Star Pattern Recognition: Further Results.” 1979. In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-254. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-254
• Reamer, H. H., D. M. Mason, and B. H. Sage. 1953. “Volumetric Behavior of Red and White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 45 (5): 1094–97. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50521a059
• Reardon, John, and H. Nelson. 1993. “Rocket Plume Base Heating Methodology.” In 28th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1993-2823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2823
• Reasenberg, Robert D., Biju R. Patla, James D. Phillips, and Rajesh Thapa. 2012. “Design and Characteristics of a WEP Test in a Sounding-Rocket Payload.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 29 (18): 184013. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/29/18/184013
• Reasenberg, Robert D., and James D. Phillips. 2010. “A Weak Equivalence Principle Test on a Suborbital Rocket.” Classical and Quantum Gravity 27 (9): 095005. https://doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/27/9/095005
• “Recent Advances in the Estimation of Sounding Rocket Structural Loads.” 1976. In 4th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1976-1857. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1857
• Reddy, K., and B. Roberts. 1975. “Inflation of a Multi-Element Parachute Structure.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1353
• Redmond, James M., Terry D. Hinnerichs, and Gordon G. Parker. 1994. “Load-Limiting Parachute Inflation Control.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2190, edited by Nesbitt W. Hagood. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.175230
• Redmond, J., G. G. Parker, and T. D. Hinnerichs. 1995. “Optimal Load Limiting Parachute Inflation Control.” Aeronautical Journal 99 (987): 306–12. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000028487
• Reed, Brian. 1993. “Small Hydrogen/oxygen Rocket Flowfield Behavior from Heat Flux Measurements.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2162. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2162
• Rees, D., M. P. Neal, C. H. Low, A. D. Hind, K. Burrows, and R. S. Fitchew. 1972. “Neutral Wind Measurement during Daytime in the Thermosphere.” Nature 240 (5375): 32–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/240032a0
• Reeves, F., and R. Chassay. 1976. Space Processing Applications Rocket Project, SPAR 1. NASA-TM-X-3458. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770009139
• “Refined Results on Buckling of the Axially Compressed Circular Cylinder.” 2009. In Shell Structures: Theory and Applications (Vol. 2). CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780203859766-33
• Regan, F. J. 1964. Roll Damping Moment Measurements for the Basic Finner at Subsonic and Supersonic Speeds. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0600975
• Regan, Frank J., John E. Holmes, and Mary E. Falusi. 1966. Pitch Damping Tests of the M823 Research Store with Cruciform and Split- Skirt Stabilizers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0644804
• Regener, Victor H. 1943. “Absorption Curve and Production of Slow Cosmic-Ray Protons at Low Altitude.” Physical Review 64 (7–8): 252–53. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.64.252
• Rehfield, L. W. 1970. Effect of Edge Restraint on the Buckling of Axially Compressed Circular Cylindrical Shells. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0873254
• Rehri, A., and J. Pennanech. 1973. “Study of the Influence of Asymmetries on the Flight Behaviour of a Sounding Rocket.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-283
• Reich, Alton. 2012. “System for the Automated Mitigation of Hypergolic Propellant Leaks.” In Volume 7: Operations, Applications and Components. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/pvp2012-78495
• Reichmuth, D. M., T. V. Nguyen, and J. L. Pieper. 1991. Primary Helium Heater for Propellant Pressurization Systems. AIAA PAPER 91-2408. Aerojet-General Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910059607
• Reid Parmerter, R. 1969. “Stresses in Case-Bonded Solid-Propellent Rocket Motors under Transverse Body-Force Loading: Paper Discusses Study of Two-Dimensional Plane-Stress Models of Star Configurations in Elastic Cases under Lateral Body-Force Loading.” Experimental Mechanics 9 (12): 571–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02316660
• Reidy, J. A., and Andrew John Kavanagh. 2024. Investigating Seasonal to Decadal Variability in the Electron Density of the Mesosphere Using Historical EISCAT Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu24-17646
• Reijasse, Philippe, Bernard Corbel, and Didier Soulevant. 1999. “Unsteadiness and Asymmetry of Shock-Induced Separation in a Planar Two-Dimensional Nozzle: A Flow Description.” In 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3694. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3694
• Reijasse, Ph., L. Morzenski, D. Blacodon, and J. Birkemeyer. 2001a. “Flow Separation Experimental Analysis in Overexpanded Subscale Rocket-Nozzles.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3556. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3556
• Reijasse, Ph., L. Morzenski, P. Naudin, and F. Geneau. 2001b. “Fluctuating Side-Load Measurements in Overexpanded Subscale Rocket-Nozzles.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3557. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3557
• Reilly, M. H. 1979. Equations of Powered Rocket Ascent and Orbit Trajectory. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069296
• Reinarts, Thomas, Eugene Ungar, and C. Butler. 1995. “Adiabatic Two-Phase Pressure Drop in Microgravity: TEMP2A-3 Flight Experiment Measurements and Comparison with Predictions.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-635. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-635
• Reinhard, David, Jean Vergnolle, David Reinhard, and Jean Vergnolle. 1997. “Atmospheric Re-Entry Demonstrator (ARD): Its Parachute Recovery Assembly.” In 14th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1997-1438. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1438
• Reinisch, B. W., and K. Bibl. 1981. Digital Ionospheric Sounding in the Arctic. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada104163
• Reinisch, Bodo, and Gary Sales. 2000. Measuring Electrodynamics of the Ionosphere by Digital Ionosondes and Other Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada401996
• Reinisch, Bodo, and Gary Sales. 2001. Measuring Electrodynamics of the Ionosphere by Digital Ionosondes and Other Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada402979
• Reis, Ronaldo C., Lucas d. Silva, Cristiane M. Pagliuco, Daniel S. Almeida, and Daniel Bourdon. 2019. “Design and Testing of Centrifugal Fuel Pump for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine L75.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4432. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4432
• Reis, George, and Wayne Sundberg. 1967. “Calculations of the Aeroelastic Bending of a Sounding Rocket Based on Flight Data.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1344. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1344
• Remondiere, A. 1970. “The Attitude Control System ‘CASSIOPEE’.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1404. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1404
• Ren, Yongjie, KangKang Guo, Songjiang Feng, Yiheng Tong, Wei Lin, and Wansheng Nie. 2023. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Transverse Combustion Instability in 2d Multi-Injector Rocket Combustor.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4435489
• Ren, Yushuai, Dong Zhang, and Fan Deng. 2017. “Research on the Influence of Fluidic Thrust Vector Parameters on the Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle of the Air-Breathing Hypersonic Vehicle.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2113. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2113
• Renard, C. 1966. Study of the Ionosphere by Means of Rocket Measurements of the VLF Field Radiated from a Ground Source. III. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670055504
• Renkwitz, Toralf, Mani Sivakandan, Juliana Jaen, and Werner Singer. 2023. “Ground-Based Noontime D-Region Electron Density Climatology over Northern Norway.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2023-815
• Rense, William A. 1953. “Intensity of Lyman-Alpha Line in the Solar Spectrum.” Physical Review 91 (2): 299–302. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.91.299
• Research in X-Ray Astronomy. 1997. NASA/CR-1997-208225. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980210629
• Reske, Edward, and Jacob Brodnick. 2024. “Validation of a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model of Axial Jet Mixing for Cryogenic Propellant Tank Pressure Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0545. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0545
• “Resonances in the Shukhov Tower, in the Sobolev Equation, and in the Tanks of Spin-Stabilized Rockets.” 2014. In Mathematical Understanding of Nature. American Mathematical Society. https://doi.org/10.1090/mbk/085/38
• “Resonant Burning of Solid Propellants: Review of Causes, Cures and Effects.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0603.0619
• “Return of the Expendable Rocket.” 2017. In The History of Human Space Flight. University Press of Florida. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvx072b5.33
• “Review of Experimental Research on Combustion Instability of Solid Propellants.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0561.0602
• “Review of Solid-Fuel Regression Rate Behavior in Classical and Nonclassical Hybrid Rocket Motors.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0037.0126
• Reynolds, David, Karsten Caillet, Matthew Foley, Aditya Swami, and Andrés Chiva. 2026. “Design, Simulation and Testing of a Linear Quadratic Regulator for Attitude Control of a Fin-Tab Rocket.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-112867. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-112867
• Rezaei, H., M. R. Soltani, and A. R. Mohammadi. 2017. “Experimental Study of Fuel Regression Rate in a HTPB/N2O Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Scientia Iranica 0 (0): 0–0. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2017.4317
• Rhisat, Fahad Nizam, and Majid Molki. 2024. “Optimizing Aerodynamic Heating of a Mars Landing Vehicle: The Impact of Nose Angle and Aspect Ratio.” In Volume 9: Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2024-144718
• Ricchiuti, Valentina, Daniel Fugett, and Carlos E. Soares. 2022. “Modeling of Contamination Vent Path for Outgassing Components underneath Thermal Blankets on Europa Clipper.” In Space Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2022, edited by Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge, Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2633991
• Rice, Michael. 1999. A Comprehensive Investigation of Advanced Range Telemetry. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada375937
• Rice, Eric E., Edward Bangsund, Martin J. Chiaverini, and Daniel J. Gramer. 1998. ORBITEC Advanced Cryogenic Solid Hybrid Rocket Engine and Propellant Developments: A 1998 Status Report. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada409805
• Rice, Tina, Gary Flandro, and Paul Gloyer. 2010. “Effects of Unsteady Heat Release on Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-7153. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7153
• Richards, R. N. 1967. Advanced Propulsion Applications to New Sounding Rocket Design. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670041763
• Richards, P. G., J. A. Fennelly, and D. G. Torr. 1994. EUVAC: A Solar EUV Flux Model for Aeronomic Calculations. ISSN: 0148-0227. Univ. of Alabama, Huntsville, AL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950033446
• Richardson, I. A., and J. W. Leachman. 2017. “Modeling the Effects of Dissolved Helium Pressurant on a Liquid Hydrogen Rocket Propellant Tank.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278: 012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012037
• Richman, Sack. 1967. “Theoretical and Experimental Results Using Fiberglass as an Ablative Material on the Black Brant III Nose Cone.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1341. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1341
• Richmond, A. D. 1991. “The Neutral Upper Atmosphere.” In Geomagnetism. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-378674-6.50011-x
• Richmond, Arthur D. 2011. Modeling Density Variation in the Thermosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada545425
• Rickman, T. O., and R. Holquin. 1962. Niki-Zues Automatic Destruct Range Safety Program for the IBM 7090 Computer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0296296
• Riesland, Dave, and Joseph Lutgen. 2011. “Terminator—Flight Termination System for High Altitude Ballooning.” In 2011 Academic High Altitude Conference. Iowa State University Digital Press. https://doi.org/10.31274/ahac.8127
• Rifà, Alba Badia, Daniel Cantos Gálvez, Adam El Ghaib Bougrine, Javier Hidalgo Marí, Marc Martí Arasa, and Arnau Pena Sapena. 2022. “Final Testing, Pre-Launch Activities, Launch and Post-Launch Analysis of a Sounding Rocket Made by Students in Spain.” In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSEA). https://doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.002
• Riley, D. C. 1973. “Two Concepts for the Reduction of Payload Attitude Slewing Times.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038407
• Rinchu, P., Anjana K. Ashokan, T. G. Aswathy, Jasmine George, and V. V. Srilakshmi. 2025. “Surface Texture Modifications and Nose Cone Geometries: A Review of Aerodynamic Enhancements.” International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 13 (3): 1972–84. https://doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2025.67740
• Ringas, Nicolas. 2022. “Propellant Feed Assembly Design for a Pressure-Fed 1 kN Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Test Platform.” In Southern Space Studies. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-89887-8_2
• Rini, Matteo. 2023. “Tracking Isotopes in the Upper Atmosphere.” Physics 16: s19. https://doi.org/10.1103/physics.16.s19
• Rinnert, K. 1973. “Electron Density Profiles in the Lower Ionosphere Deduced from Long Path VLF Wave Propagation.” Radio Science 8 (10): 829–36. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs008i010p00829
• Risha, Grant, Abdullah Ulas, Eric Boyer, Surajit Kumar, and Kenneth Kuo. 2001. “Combustion of HTPB-Based Solid Fuels Containing Nano-Sized Energetic Powder in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3535
• Rittenhouse, J. B. 1957. “The Corrosion and Ignition of Titanium in Fuming Nitric Acid.” In Symposium on Titanium. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp44152s
• Rittenhouse, J. B., and C. A. Papp. 1958. “Inhibition of Titanium in Fuming Nitric Acid.” CORROSION 14 (6): 41–42. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-14.6.41
• Rittenhouse, John B., Stephen P. Vango, and Julia S. Whittick. 1955. Corrosion and Ignition of Titanium Alloys in Fuming Nitric Acid. 2. Study of Additional Chemical and Metallurgical Factors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0151286
• Rittenhouse, John B., and Julia S. Whittick. 1956. Corrosion and Ignition of Titanium Alloys in Fuming Nitric Acid. 4. Study of Additional Titanium Alloys. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0091121
• Ritz, W. F., and C. E. Whitsett. 1979. A Detached Experiment Carrier Aids Adaptation of Experiments from Sounding Rockets to Space Shuttle. AIAA PAPER 79-0484. NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041741
• Rivera, L. 1995. “Liquid Rocket Booster Feasibility Study for the Space Shuttle.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-7. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-7
• Riyadl, Ahmad, Robertus Heru Triharjanto, and Pujo Widodo. 2023. “Impact Point Dispersion Prediction for 300 Mm R-Han 300 Artillery Rocket.” Indonesian Journal of Aerospace 21 (1): 51–64. https://doi.org/10.55981/ijoa.2023.27
• Roach, R., V. Burnley, G. Flandro, and J. Burnette. 1990. “Internal Ballistics Interactions in Spinning Rocket Nutation Instability.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-42. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-42
• Robbins, H. J., and Z. E. Zebrowski. 1966. Attitude Control System for Sounding Rockets Patent. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-XGS-01654. Aerojet-General Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710015274
• Roberts, W. T. 1965. Chemiluminescent Measurements of Upper Atmospheric Winds. AIAA PAPER 65-508. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650046175
• Roberts, B. 1968. “A Contribution to Parachute Inflation Dynamics.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1968-928. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-928
• Roberts, B. 1975. “A Discussion of Parachute Inflation Theories.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1351. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1351
• Roberts, B. 1979. “Parachute Inflation Control Using an Attached Apex Drogue.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-449. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-449
• Roberts, Quentin W. 2023. “Investigation of Pre-Ignition Propellant Mixing in Rotating Detonation Rocket Engine.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-71901. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-71901
• Roberts, T., and R. Beddini. 1989. “A Comparison of Acoustic and Steady State Erosive Burning in Solid Rocket Motors.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2664. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2664
• Robertson, Grace, and Eliseo Iglesias. 2025. “Subsonic Analysis of a NACA 0009 Rocket Fin.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-98103. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-98103
• Robertson, A. F., and J. Loftus. 1958. Self-Ignition Properties of Two Propellant Types. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.rpt.5851
• “The ROBIN Falling Sphere.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0115.0139
• Robinson, Ross B. 1961. Aerodynamic Characteristics in Pitch and Sideslip of a 1/15-Scale Model of the Scout Vehicle at a Mach Number of 2.01. NASA-TN-D-793. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040006327
• Robinson, M. 1970. “The Estimation of Pitch Damping Derivatives of Missile Configurations at Subsonic Speeds.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-537. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-537
• Robinson, M. 1994. “Composite Cryogenic Propellant Tank Development.” In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1994-1375. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1375
• Robinson, Franklin L., and Avram Bar-Cohen. n.d. “Flow Boiling in Microgap Coolers: Suborbital Flight Results.” In Thermal & Fluids Analysis Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205006219
• Robison, Delbert E. 1953. Experimental Rocket Motor Performance with White Fuming Nitric Acid and JP-4 at 1000 PSIA Combustion Pressure. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0013096
• Roble, Raymond G. 2003. Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Modeling Using the TIME-GCM. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada628807
• Roble, Raymond G. 2014. Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Modeling Using the TIME-GCM. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada623757
• Rochefort, J. S., and Alvin J. Yorra. 1976. Design of Sounding Rocket Payloads. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada028205
• Rochester, G. D., and J. G. Wilson. 2013. “A Heavy Cosmic Ray Primary at 95,000′ Altitude.” In Cloud Chamber Photographs of the Cosmic Radiation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-3153-2.50011-9
• Rock, S. G., and S. D. Habchi. 1997. Advanced Computational Model for Rocket Plume Effects on Escape System Aerodynamic Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada353481
• “The Rocket and Its Limits.” 2007. In Living Off the Land in Space. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68316-4_3
• “Rocket Dangers.” 2015. In Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Space Dangers: Outer Space Perils, Rocket Risks and the Health Consequences of the Space Environment, edited by Dirk C. Gibson. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. https://doi.org/10.2174/9781608059911115010016
• “Rocket Dynamics and Transfer Orbits.” 2004. In Orbital Motion, Fourth Edition. Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420056884.ch12
• “Rocket Engine Nozzle Concepts.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0437.0467
• “Rocket Engine Propulsion ‘System Reliability’.” 1992. In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3421
• “Rocket Engine Pump Feed System Patent (1961).” 2009. In African American Studies Center. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/acref/9780195301731.013.33875
• “Rocket Nozzle Performance.” 2019. In Rocket Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108381376.005
• “Rocket Propulsion.” n.d. In Modeling and Simulation in Science, Engineering and Technology. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4438-3_8
• “Rocket Propulsion.” 2022. In Introduction to Aerospace Flight Vehicles. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. https://doi.org/10.15394/eaglepub.2022.1066.n34
• “Rocket Propulsion: Classification of Different Types of Rocket Propulsion System and Propulsive Efficiency.” 2019. International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 3 (12): 99–102. https://doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2019.v03i12.018
• “Rocket Takeoff Risks.” 2015. In Terrestrial and Extraterrestrial Space Dangers: Outer Space Perils, Rocket Risks and the Health Consequences of the Space Environment, edited by Dirk C. Gibson. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS. https://doi.org/10.2174/9781608059911115010017
• Rocket Thrust Modulation. 2006. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527610105.ch14
• Rocket Thrust Modulation. 2015. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9783527693481.ch14
• “Rockets and Space Vehicles.” 1997. In Advanced Dynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861307.0085.0113
• Rodgers, C. D. 1977. “Morphology of Upper Atmosphere Temperatures.” In Dynamical and Chemical Coupling Between the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1262-1_1
• Rodi, Patrick E., Henry Stoldt, Colin Hill, and Craig T. Johansen. 2019. “Design of a Sounding Rocket Flight Experiment to Validate Transonic Drag Minimized Waveriders.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2812
• Rodier, R. W., R. D. Moog, and D. A. Kross. 1984. 136-Foot Main Parachute for Recovery of Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Boosters. AIAA PAPER 84-0804. Pioneer Parachute Co., Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840047186
• Rodighiero, Chantel. n.d. “Separation of the Third Stage Rocket from the SPARTAN Hypersonic Vehicle.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/5b16d36
• Rodriguez, Jacob, and Joseph Kalman. 2024. “Statistical Surface Heat Flux Analysis in Simulated Solid Rocket Propellants Flames.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-84443. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-84443
• Rodriguez, J. M., M. K. W. Ko, and N. D. Sze. 1984. The Diurnal Variation of the Neutral Sodium Species in the Upper Atmosphere. a Model Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada154988
• Roehrig, O. 1982. “German Scientific Sounding Rocket Program.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1750
• Roelke, Evan, Justin S. Green, and Soumyo Dutta. 2025. “Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiment-2 (ASPIRE2) Parachute Modeling and Flight Mechanics Performance.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2422. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2422
• Rofe, B. 1962. “Mesospheric Density and Winds Determined by the Falling Sphere Method at Woomera.” Nature 194 (4835): 1231–33. https://doi.org/10.1038/1941231a0
• Rogers, Peter H. 1980. “Propagation of Sonic Booms in the Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 68 (S1): S29-S29. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2004656
• Rogers, Jerry D. 1990. “Ultraviolet Absorption Cross Sections and Atmospheric Photodissociation Rate Constants of Formaldehyde.” Journal of Physical Chemistry 94 (10): 4011–15. https://doi.org/10.1021/j100373a025
• Rogers, T., R. McEntaffer, T. Schultz, B. Zeiger, P. Oakley, and W. Cash. 2013. “The OGRESS Sounding Rocket Payload.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8859, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2023762
• Rogers, T., T. Schultz, J. McCoy, D. Miles, J. Tutt, and R. McEntaffer. 2015. “First Results from the OGRESS Sounding Rocket Payload.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9601, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183237
• Rogers Jr. and Walter K. 1953. The Transonic Free Flight Range. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0013358
• Rogers Jr. and Walter K. 1958. The Transonic Free Flight Range. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0200177
• Roland, Jorden, David Edwards, and Adam Harris. 2016. “Electronic Nose Cone Separation Ring (eNSR) for Deployment of Rocket Recovery Parachute.” In AIAA Space 2016. AIAA 2016-5364. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-5364
• “The Role of Binder in Composite Propellant Combustion.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0227.0249
• Rollins, J., R. Grove, and L. Hobbs. 1986. “Design and Qualification of the EUROSTAR Propellant Tank.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1659. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1659
• Rollins, J., R. Grove, and A. Lewis. 1984. “Design and Qualification of the Arabsat Propellant Tank.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1480. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1480
• Rollins, J., R. Grove, W. Schatz, and K. Valliappan. 1983. “Design and Operational Performance of the Insat-I Propellant Tank Assembly.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1273. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1273
• Rollins, J., R. Grove, and D. Walling Jr. 1988. “Design and Qualification of a Surface Tension Propellant Tank for Anadvanced Spacecraft.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-2848. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2848
• Rollstin, L. 1973. “A Rocket System for Hypersonic, High Reynolds Number Aerothermodynamic Research.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-304. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-304
• Rollstin, L. 1982. “Real-Time Tracking and Targeting Computations and Rocket Vehicle Aeroballistics for the PLACES Ionospheric Plasma Test Series.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1723
• Rollstin, L. 1986. “A Rocket System for Development Testing of a Retardation Parachute for a Supersonic Store.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2558. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2558
• Romano, Angelo, Fabio Pisano, Daniele Cardillo, and Francesco Battista. 2026. “Numerical Analysis of Rocket Plume Impingement during Reusable Launcher Landing and Development of an Optimized Correlation for Wall Heat Flux Prediction.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202603.1386.v1
• Rosanova, G. 2013. NASA Sounding Rocket Program Educational Outreach. GSFC.ABS.7522.2013. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130011061
• Rosch, Gene, and Andrei L. Schor. 1990. “The Cost of Unreliability in the Avionics Suite of a Launch Vehicle.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/901837
• Roschke, E. J. 1955. The Effect of Nose Truncation on the Aerodynamic Properties of 9-CALIBER Long Army-Navy Spinner Rocket Models near Sonic Velocity. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0061551
• Rose, Robert K. 1958. Experimental Determination of the Heat Flux Distribution in a Rocket Nozzle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0218493
• Rosen, Robert, Marvin Glickstein, and Russell Joyner. 2003. Liquid-Fueled Rockets. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471263869.sst016
• Ross, Donald M. 1969. “Principles and Procedures Essential to Low Cost Launch Vehicle Goals.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/690679
• Ross, Brian, and Christopher Madden. 1994. “Space Debris Reentry Risk Analysis.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-591. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-591
• Ross, R., Jr., and J. Womack. 1973. “Slosh Testing of a Prototype Electric Propulsion Mercury Propellant Tank with Positive Expulsion Diaphragm.” In 10th Electric Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1120. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1120
• Rossetti, F. 2023. “Numerical Tank Self-Pressurization Analyses in Reduced Gravity Conditions.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 37. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-49
• Rossi, B. 1965. X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Astronomy. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650045119
• Rossi, B. B. 1967a. “Recent Advances in X-Ray Astronomy.” In INTERNATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL UNION. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680044007
• Rossi, B. B. 1967b. Some Recent Results of X-Ray Astronomy. NASA-CR-89759. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680025238
• Rossoni, M. 1990. “McDonnell Douglas Delta II Main Liquid Oxygen Tank Bi-Level Pressurization System.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2060. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2060
• Rotenberg, Y. 1986. “Numerical Simulation of Self Pressurization in a Small Cryogenic Tank.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_108
• Rothschild, William, and Ernest Schuster. 1999. “Airbreathing Propulsion System Design Concepts for a Reusable First Stage Rocket Booster.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2380. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2380
• Rottman, G. J., P. D. Feldman, and H. W. Moos. 1973a. “Far Ultraviolet Spectra and Altitude Profiles of the Dawn Airglow.” Journal of Geophysical Research 78. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730034445
• Rout, R., H. Mukunda, and V. Jain. 1978. “Erosive Burning Characteristics of Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1097. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1097
• Rout, R., H. Mukunda, and V. Jain. 1984. “A Numerical Approach to Predict Erosive Burning of Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1437. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1437
• Rowland, Douglas E. n.d. “Distributed Observations of Auroral Electrodynamics from the Geospace Dynamics Constellation.” In AGU Fall Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220013353
• Royall, John F., Jr., and Benjamine J. Garland. 1957. Characteristics of the Nike-Cajun (CAN) Rocket System and Flight Investigation of Its Performance. NACA-RM-L57D26. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930089896
• Rubin, S., G. A. Searle, and R. G. Wagner. 1988. “Stiffnesses of a Solid-Rocket Motor from an Ambient Vibration Survey.” In JPL, Model Determination for Large Space Systems Workshop, Volume 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930075337
• Rubio, Roberto, and Harold N. Ballard. 1967. Time Response and Aerodynamic Heating of Atmospheric Temperature Sensing Elements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0660321
• Ruf, Joseph, David McDaniels, and Andrew Brown. 2009. “Nozzle Side Load Testing and Analysis at MSFC.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-4856. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4856
• Ruf, Joseph, David McDaniels, and Andrew Brown. 2010. “Details of Side Load Test Data and Analysis for a Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle and a Parabolic Contour Nozzle.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6813. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6813
• Rugge, H. R. 1974. A Rocket Spectroscopic Payload in Support of the Apollo Telescope Mount Experiments. NASA-CR-141117. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750004931
• Rui, Xiaoting. 2016. “Study on System Design Method of Firing Precision for Multiple Rocket Launcher.” Journal of Mechanical Engineering 52 (7): 164. https://doi.org/10.3901/jme.2016.07.164
• Ruiz, B. Ian. 1995. ARIM-1: The Atmospheric Refractive Index Measurements Sounding Rocket Mission. NASA-CR-200741. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960017260
• Rumsey, Charles B., and Dorothy B. Lee. 1958. Heat-Transfer Measurements in Free Flight at Mach Numbers up to 14.6 on a Flat-Faced Conical Nose with a Total Angle of 29 Degrees. NACA-RM-L57L03. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930089952
• Runkle, R., and R. Drobnik. 1979. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Decelerator Subsystem: Air Drop Test vehicle/B-52 Design.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-466. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-466
• Runkle, R. E., and W. R. Woodis. 1979. Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Decelerator Subsystem Drop Test 3: Anatomy of a Failure. AIAA PAPER 79-0431. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790042626
• Runyan, R., L. Deken, and J. Miller. 1992. “Structural Dynamics of a Small Rocket Thrust Stand.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3787
• Rupert, R. 1965. “Assurance of Service Life of the Mira 150a Variable Thrust Rocket Engine.” In Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1965-608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-608
• Rupert, G. F. 1967. Engineering Design of a Pitot-Static Probe Payload Engineering Report No. 2. NASA-CR-93251. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680008398
• Rust, David. 1998. “Solar Flares.” In From the Sun: Auroras, Magnetic Storms, Solar Flares, Cosmic Rays. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/sp050p0081
• Rutishauser, David, Chirold Epp, and Edward Robertson. 2012. “Free-Flight Terrestrial Rocket Lander Demonstration for NASA’s Autonomous Landing and Hazard Avoidance Technology (ALHAT) System.” In AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2012-5239. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5239
• Rutledge, William. 1993. “Launch Vehicle Cost Trends and Potential for Cost Containment.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-4063. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4063
• Ryan, James. 1966. “Aerodynamic Deceleration from as High as Mach 4.0 for the Alarr (Air Launched Air Recoverable Rocket) Project.” In Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1966-1520. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1520
• Ryan, Stephen G. 2009. “Vibration Challenges in the Design of NASA’s Ares Launch Vehicles.” In 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conference: 22nd Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090037675
• Ryan, N. W., R. L. Coates, and A. D. Baer. 1963. “Participation of the Solid Phase in the Oscillatory Burning of Solid Rocket Propellants.” In Ninth Symposium (International) on Combustion. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-2759-7.50043-1
• Rybakiewicz, Łukasz, and Aleksandra PlachÁ. 2023. “Testing the Breaking Force of Rocket Projectile Suspensions to Parachute.” Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia 165 (3): 67–81. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.9219
• Rysev, O. 1993. “Mathematical Simulation in Parachute Design.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1202. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1202
• Ryu, Chul-Sung. 2009. “Formability Evaluation of a Copper Alloy for Regenerative Cooling Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 37 (9): 939–45. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2009.37.9.939
• Ryu, Chul-Sung, Hwan-Seok Choi, and Dong-Ju Lee. 2005. “Structure Design of Regenerative Cooling Chamber of Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 33 (12): 109–16. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2005.33.12.109
• Sá Gontijo, Maurício, Renato Filho, Anieli Schrammel, Olexiy Shynkarenko, Jungpyo Lee, and Artur Elias De Morais Bertoldi. 2025. “Preliminary Design of a 25 kN Pressure-Fed Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-1931
• Saad, Michel A., Gene J. Antonides, and Samuel R. Goldwasser. 1973. Effect of Pressure on Ignition of Hypergolic Liquid Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0772756
• Sabadell, A., and M. Summerfield. 1964. “The Measurement of Temperature Profiles through Solid Propellant Flames Using Fine Thermocouples.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-106. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-106
• Sabapathy, Santhosh. 2026. “Effect of Static Fin on the Stability and Aerothermodynamic Characteristics of the Re-Entry Vehicle.” SAE International Journal of Aerospace 19 (1): 01-19-01-0003. https://doi.org/10.4271/01-19-01-0003
• Sabirzyanov, A. N., A. I. Glazunov, A. N. Kirillova, and K. S. Titov. 2018. “Simulation of a Rocket Engine Nozzle Discharge Coefficient.” Russian Aeronautics 61 (2): 257–64. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799818020150
• Sackheim, Robert, and Kathy Gavitt. 1999. “An Ultra Low Cost Commercial Launch Vehicle That You Can Truly Afford to Throw Away.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2621. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2621
• Saha, H. 1976. Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber Wall Temperature Distribution Calculation and Analysis. NASA-CR-148288. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760019183
• Sahara, Hironori, Shinichi Nakasuka, and Chisato Kobayashi. 2006. “Propulsion System on Hydrogen Peroxide Mono-Propellant for Panel ExTension SATellite (PETSAT).” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c4.1.07
• Sahu, Jubaraj, Gene R. Cooper, and Richard J. Benney. 1997. 3-D Parachute Descent Analysis Using Coupled Computational Fluid Dynamic and Structural Codes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada330375
• Saiki, Solomon, Ayodeji Olaoluwa Alake, Peter Ogoegbunam Onyechi, George Chijioke Okewih, and Ayodele Temitope Adekunle. 2026b. “Effect of Fin Geometry on the Stability and Aerodynamic Performance of a Model Rocket.” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 28 (3): 044–052. https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2026.28.3.0236
• Saiki, Solomon, Uzuh Onyinye Christian, and George Chijioke Okewih. 2026c. “Model Rocket Engine Gimbal and Thrust Vector Control for Solid Rocket Motor.” International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications 16 (5): 349–66. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.16.05.2026.p17329
• Saiki, Solomon, John Daniel Ekanem, Aderibigbe Olumide Aderemi, Usman Ibrahim Tope, John Philip Oluwasegun, and Adepoju Ibrahim Tope. 2026a. “Comparative Study of Different Nose Cone Geometries for Model Rocket Aerodynamic Performance.” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Advances 28 (3): 094–104. https://doi.org/10.30574/gjeta.2026.28.3.0238
• Saito, Takuma, Akira Oyama, Hiroaki Kobayashi, and Yusuke Maru. 2019. “Study on Multi-Objective Design Optimization of Air Breathing Engine Fan for Sounding Rocket.” Proceedings of Design & Systems Conference 2019.29 (0): 1205. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmedsd.2019.29.1205
• Saito, Yuji, Tsutomu Uematsu, Hikaru Isochi, Masashi Wakita, Tsuyoshi Totani, and Harunori Nagata. 2016. “Estimation of Hybrid Rocket Nozzle Throat Erosion History.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 14 (ists30): Pa_145-Pa_151. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.14.pa_145
• Saka, Osuke. 2026. “Are Drivers of Northern Lights in the Ionosphere?” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-5205
• Sakai, Hajime. 1980. Study of Background Radiance in Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada092927
• Sakaki, Kazuhiko. 2018. “Influence of Nozzle Expansion Ratio of Circular and Rectangular Cross-Section Nozzle on Velocity and Temperature of Copper Particle with HP Cold Spraying by CFD and Experimental Analysis.” Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2018 (0): J0440003. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2018.j0440003
• Sakaki, Kazuki, Minho Choi, Shinji Nakaya, Mitsuhiro Tsue, and Tetsuo Hiraiwa. 2015. “Fundamental Combustion Characteristics of Ethanol/Liquid Oxygen Rocket Engine Combustor with Planar Pintle-Type Injector.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 58 (1): 15–22. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.58.15
• Sakowski, Barbara A. 2014a. “Sinda/Fluint Stratfied Tank Modeling.” In NASA Glenn Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150002093
• Sakowski, Barbara. 2014b. “SINDA/FLUINT Stratified Tank Modeling for Cryrogenic Propellant Tanks.” In NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150002709
• Sakowski, Barbara, Daniel M. Hauser, and M. Kassemi. 2019. “SINDA/FLUINT and Thermal Desktop Multi-Node Settled and Unsettled Propellant Tank Modeling of Zero Boil off Test.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190031763
• Sakr, Mohamed. 2021. “Computational Algorithm for Hybrid Rocket Motor Preliminary Design.” Kafrelsheikh Journal of Information Sciences 2 (1): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.21608/kjis.2021.188315
• Sakurai, Yuta, Kohei Noguchi, Shingo Tajima, Toshiyuki Katsumi, and Satoshi Kadowaki. 2020. “Study on Laser Ignition Using Electrolysis of Green Monopropellant for Thruster.” Proceedings of Conference of Hokuriku-Shinetsu Branch 2020.57 (0): G022. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmehs.2020.57.g022
• Salas, Ariana Rossell Tapia, María Paulina Pantoja Gavidia, Deni Hernandez, Abril Alejandra Vázquez Sánchez, Atenea Marlene Jiménez Vázquez, and María Rocío López Esquivel. 2024. Geometric Comparison of a Natural Rubber Pad for Vibration Mitigation in the Payload of a Sounding Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/078369-0135
• Sale, D. H. 1964. Elastomeric Insulation for Solid Propellant Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0609001
• Salgado Sánchez, Pablo. n.d. “Instabilities in Vibrated Fluids and Manipulation of Liquids in Microgravity: Theory and Experiment.” PhD diss., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. https://doi.org/10.20868/upm.thesis.65769
• Salinas, David, and Robert E. Ball. 1973. Transient Axial Response of a Gun Launched Rocket Motor Case during Launch. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0758128
• Salisbury, Frank B. 1969. “Expected Biological Responses to Weightlessness.” BioScience 19 (5): 407–10. https://doi.org/10.2307/1294474
• Salita, Mark. 1991. “Comparison of Four Boundary Layer Solutions for Fuel Regression Ratein Classical Hybrid Rocket Motors.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2520. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2520
• Salleh, Zuraidah, Ahmad Hussein Abdul Hamid, Alif Abni Adnan, et al. 2024. “The Effects of Fin Cant Angle and Fin Height on the Performance of a Low Altitude Rocket.” International Journal of Integrated Engineering 16 (8). https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2024.16.08.030
• Samantra, Ashis Kumar, K. S. Santhosh, Khalid Rashid, and A. Jayashree. 2020. “Study of Expansion Ratio on Dual Bell Nozzle of LOX-RP1 Engine for Replacing the Existing Bell Nozzle to Dual Bell Nozzle.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 912 (4): 042039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/912/4/042039
• Samara, Marilia. n.d. “Sounding Rocket Investigations of Whistler, Upper Hybrid and Langmuir Waves in the Auroral Ionosphere.” PhD diss., Dartmouth College. https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.81
• Samardžić, Marija. 2023. “Wind Tunnel Measurement of Pitch-Damping Derivative Using Forced Oscillation Technique.” In Sustainable Aviation. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42041-2_5
• Sambamurthi, Jay. 1995. “Plume Particle Collection and Sizing from Static Firing of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2590. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2590
• Sammour, M., and H. Mostafa. 2007. “Design Qualification of a Single-Grain Rocket Motor for Shelf Life Extension Program of Multi-Grain Rocket Motor.” International Conference on Aerospace Sciences and Aviation Technology 12 (ASAT CONFERENCE): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21608/asat.2007.23903
• Samokhvalova, E. A., and A. V. Shlyakhtenkova. 2019. “World Launch Vehicle Operations Trends.” Politechnical student journal, no. 39. https://doi.org/10.18698/2541-8009-2019-10-536
• Samuelson, L. 1968. “Creep Deformation and Buckling of a Circular Cylindrical Shell Underaxial Compression and Internal Pressure.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-108. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-108
• Sana, Trinesh, Sanjay K. Mishra, and Ingrid Mann. 2026. “Electrostatics and Collision Dynamics of Ice and Anthropogenic Smoke Particles in the Mesosphere/Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, EGUsphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-2931
• Sana, V., and B. Raghunandan. 1998. “A Reverse Engineering Approach to Modelling Transient Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3964. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3964
• Sanal Kumar, Vr, Chandrasekaran Nichith, S. Vigneshwaran, et al. 2016. “Diagnostic Investigation of Nozzle Flow Choking Time and Stage Separation Sequence of a Multi-Stage Rocket.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4770. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4770
• Sanders, Isabelle C., Fabio A. Bendana, China Hagstrom, and Raymond M. Spearrin. 2020. “Assessing Oxidizer Injector Design via Thermochemical Imaging of PMMA Combustion in a Hybrid Rocket Motor Geometry.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3747. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3747
• Sanders, Isabelle C., Fabio A. Bendana, Nicholas Kuenning, and Raymond M. Spearrin. 2022. “Spatially-Resolved Characteristic Velocity (c*) Measurements for Hybrid Rocket Combustion Analysis Using Laser Spectroscopy.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2233. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2233
• Sanders, E. Claude, and James L. Edmondson. 1951. Damping in Roll of Rocket-Powered Test Vehicles Having Swept, Tapered Wings of Low Aspect Ratio. NACA-RM-L51G06. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086787
• Sanders, J. H., and G. A. Jerman. 1993. “Failure Analysis of a Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) Fuel Isolation Valve.” In Handbook of Case Histories in Failure Analysis. ASM International. https://doi.org/10.31399/asm.fach.v02.c9001294
• Sanders III, Sells George A., and Ray. 2007. Mini-Rocket User Guide. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada471792
• Sandford, D. J., C. L. Beldon, R. E. Hibbins, and N. J. Mitchell. 2010. “Dynamics of the Antarctic and Arctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere – Part 1: Mean Winds.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-17527-2010
• Sandford, D. J., H. G. Muller, and N. J. Mitchell. 2006. “Observations of Lunar Tides in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere at Arctic and Middle Latitudes.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-6-4643-2006
• Sandford, D. J., M. J. Schwartz, and N. J. Mitchell. 2007. “The Wintertime Two-Day Wave in the Polar Stratosphere, Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-7-14747-2007
• Sandfry, Ralph, michael Bettner, Tim Lawrence, and Michael Sobers. 2007. “Engineering Education Lessons from a Sounding Rocket Capstone Design Course.” In 2007 Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–2541
• Sandstrom, Rune. 1971. “The Load on the Brake Parachute of a Jet Aeroplane under the Influence of the Engine Wake.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 43 (11): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034832
• Sanjaya, Arief Budi, Haryadi Abrizal, Muhammad Dito Saputra, et al. 2024. “Analytical Calculation Approach for Rocket Nose Cone Structure with Orthotropic Material.” Aviation 28 (3): 163–74. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2024.22194
• Sankar, Vigneshwaran, A. Aravind, D. Giridharan, Pavithra Murugesh, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2017. “Wall Heat Flux Mapping of Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber with Dual Impinging GH2/GO2 Jets.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4766. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4766
• Sankar, S., A. Brena De La Rosa, A. Isakovic, and W. Bachalo. 1991. “Liquid Atomization by Coaxial Rocket Injectors.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-691. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-691
• Sankar, S. V., J. Y. Zhu, and William D. Bachalo. 2023. “Experimental Studies on the Behaviour of Coaxial Rocket Injector Sprays.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/iclass-94.1210
• Sann, R. I., and B. W. Shaffer. 1967. Optimum Relaxation Time for a Maxwell Core during Forced Vibration of a Rocket Assembly. NASA-CR-92986. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680007277
• Sann, R. I., and B. W. Shaffer. 1970. Optimum Relaxation Time for a Maxwell Core during Forced Vibration of a Rocket Assembly. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032772
• Sant, Thomas, and Keith Allen. 2011. “A Statistical Analysis of Parachute Opening Force Data Sources.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2621. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2621
• Santacesaria, Matteo, Mattia Bertolini, Alessandro Castelvetri, et al. 2024. Concept Design of an Ultra-Fast Rocket-Based Delivery System for Earth Point-to-Point Transportation. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0059
• Santhosh, Thomas, and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. 2019. “Heat Transfer Aspects and Analysis of Regenerative Cooling in Semi-Cryogenic Thrust Chamber with Fixed and Variable Aspect Ratio Coolant Channels.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 502: 012066. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/502/1/012066
• Santolini, Valerio, and Christian Paravan. 2024. Innovative Methodology for Evaluating Combustion Efficiency in Swirled Rocket Engines. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0108
• Santoni, Fabio, and Paolo Tortora. 2000. “Magnetic Attitude Determination and Control of Small Spinning Spacecraft.” In Astrodynamics Specialist Conference. AIAA 2000-4350. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4350
• Sarae, Wataru, Joji Yusa, and Seiji Tsutsumi. 2025. Development and Results of the Movable Launcher 5 (ML5) for the H3 Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/083092-0014
• Saravanan, G., S. Shanmugam, and A. R. Veerappan. 2021. “Regression Rate Performance of Paraffin Wax and Bees Wax –Gox with Varied Grain Configuration in a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93 (10): 1632–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2021-0051
• Sarkar, Shivalika, Sunita Tiwari, and A. K. Gwal. 2015. “Plasma Instabilities in the Ionosphere at the Crest of Anomaly Region.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1670. AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4926706
• Sarlin, Scott P., Oswald H. W. Siegmund, and James C. Green. 1994. “Advanced, Two-Dimensional, High-Resolution Microchannel Plate Detector for Sounding Rocket Experiments.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2280, edited by Oswald H. W. Siegmund, John V. Vallerga. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.186836
• Sarotte, Camille. n.d. “Improvement of Monitoring and Reconfiguration Processes for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” PhD diss., Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE). https://doi.org/10.70675/7e4e5805z21f6z4e0bz8874z44abf9aa6d38
• Sarsar, R. B., S. D. Naik, and R. J. Mukhedkar. 2023. “Study on Extending Range of Artillery Rocket Using Control Surfaces.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 153–57. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v63i2.2011.518
• Sarzi-Amade, Nicola, Thomas P. Bauer, James R. Wertz, and Markus Rufer. 2016. “Sprite, a Very Low-Cost Launch Vehicle for Small Satellites.” In Proceedings of the 12th Reinventing Space Conference. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34024-1_13
• Sasmal, G. P., J. I. Hochstein, and T. L. Hardy. 1993. “Influence of Heat Transfer Rates on Pressurization of Liquid/slush Hydrogen Propellant Tanks.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930038684
• Sasmal, G. P., J. I. Hochstein, M. C. Wendl, and T. L. Hardy. 1991. Computational Modeling of the Pressurization Process in a NASP Vehicle Propellant Tank Experimental Simulation. AIAA PAPER 91-2407. Washington Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910057148
• Sassi, Fabrizio, Manbharat Singh Dhadly, Jens Oberheide, and D. E. Rowland. 2023. Requirements on Neutral Wind Observations in the Upper Atmosphere to Advance Thermospheric Predictions. https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.340c375d
• Sasso, Steven. 1989. “Solid Rocket Motors for Future Space Launch Vehicles.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2417. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2417
• Sato, Teruo. 2013. “AntarcticF2-Region Disturbances Associated with Geomagnetic Storms.” In Antarctic Research Series. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/ar004p0101
• Sato, Yukiya, Kou Ishikawa, Ryoji Imai, Daisuke Nakata, and Masaharu Uchiumi. 2018. “Study on Propellant Supply System for Small-Scale Supersonic Flight Experiment Vehicle: (Studies on Suppression Mechanism of Sloshing and Gas Entrainment in Propellant Tank).” Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2018 (0): OS14-9. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2018.os14-9
• Sato, Motohiro, and Kenta Shimazaki. 2011. “Approximate Formulation for Bifurcation Buckling Loads of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells with an Elastic Core.” Interaction and multiscale mechanics 4 (4): 313–20. https://doi.org/10.12989/imm.2011.4.4.313
• Satokin, V. 2025. “A Construction Structured Model Supporting Frame of Starting Complex Rockets Space Setting for Her Finite-Element Analysis.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-074
• Saunders, C. 1979. “The SPAR 76-19 Experiment: Charged Water Drop oscillationsSpace Processing Applications Rocket.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-224. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-224
• Sawada, Makoto, Renata S. Cumbee, Cor P. de Vries, et al. 2025. “Strategies for the in-Orbit Gain Tracking Using the Modulated X-Ray Sources for the Resolve Microcalorimeter Spectrometer on the X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 11 (04): 1–33. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.11.4.042019
• Scarboro, Robert E. 1982. Design and Fabricate Rocket Attitude Control System (ACS) for Accurate Payload Orientation and Control Functions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada123735
• Schadow, K. 1970. “Investigation of Boron Combustion for Its Application in Air Augmented Rockets.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7551-7_19
• Schaefer, Hermann J. 1958. “‘Air’ Dose, Tissue Dose, and Depth Dose of the Cosmic-Ray Beam in the Atmosphere.” Radiation Research 9 (1): 59. https://doi.org/10.2307/3570781
• Schaefer, Edward J. 1963. “The Dissociation of Oxygen Measured by a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer.” Journal of Geophysical Research 68 (4). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004170
• Schaefer, Ryan. 1998. “Thrust Augmentation Investigation of a Shrouded Solid Rocket Motor.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-8. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-8
• Schaeffer, R. C., P. D. Feldman, and E. C. Zipf. 1972. “Dayglow Forbidden O I 6300 and 5577 a Lines in the Early Morning Ionosphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 77. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730030740
• Schallhorn, Paul, Charles Tatro, Bernard Kutter, et al. 2011. The External Payload Carrier: A Suborbital Research Platform. KSC-2011-013. NASA Kennedy Space Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110008431
• Schatzle, P., and W. Curry. 1979. “Flight Simulation of a Vehicle with a Two-Stage Parachute System.” In 6th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-448. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-448
• Schauer, W., and R. Schmucker. 1977. “Recent Results of Hypergolic Ignition with Hybrid Propellants.” In 15th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1977-16. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-16
• Scheer, D. D. 1980. “Analytical Investigation of Two Hydrogen Oxygen Rocket Engine Systems for Low-Thrust Application.” In JANNAF Propulsion Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800008878
• Scherer, K., and D. L. Judge. 1992. “Indications for Axial Asymmetries in the Interplanetary Hydrogen Distribution Derived from PIONEER-10 Lyman-Alpha Data.” In Solar Wind Seven. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042049-3.50058-2
• Schermerhorn, V., and F. J. Demeritte. 1960. Pitch Damping Tests of the Pershing Re-Entry Body. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0319088
• Schieble, Judy. 2014. “Elementary Rocket Launch II.” Proceedings of the Wisconsin Space Conference. https://doi.org/10.17307/wsc.v0i0.2
• Schiehlen, W. 1973. “A Fine Pointing System for Large Orbiting Telescopes.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1973-882. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-882
• Schiff, L. 1972a. “Computation of Supersonic Flow Fields about Bodies in Coning Motion Using a Shock-Capturing Finite-Difference Technique.” In 10th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1972-27. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-27
• Schilder, Nicole, Patrick Naumann, and Jordan Faber. 2023. “Predicting Performance and Roll-Rate Minimization of a High-Powered Model Rocket.” Proceedings of the Wisconsin Space Conference. https://doi.org/10.17307/wsc.v1i1.372
• Schiminovich, David, Peter Friedman, and Christopher Martin. 1997. “First Results from a Rocket Experiment to Map the Far-Ultraviolet Background.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.53739
• Schlueter, S., F. Jordan, and L. Stockham. 1993. “Burn Rate Variability Requirements for the Space Shuttle Advanced Solid Rocket Motor.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2059. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2059
• Schmidlin, F. J., Richard A. Goldberg, A. Feofilov, and R. Rose. 2010. Satellite (Timed, Aura, Aqua) and in Situ (Meteorological Rockets, Balloons) Measurement Comparability. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110007133
• Schmidlin, F. J., Hyo Sang Lee, and W. Michel. 1987. “Improved Resolution Atmospheric Density Measurements Based on Simulations.” In ESA, Proceedings of the 8th ESA Symposium on European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880006839
• Schmidlin, F. J., H. S. Lee, and W. Michel. 1989. “Evidence for Accurate Temperatures from the Inflatable Falling Sphere.” In ESA, European Rocket and Balloon Programs and Related Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900004519
• Schmidlin, F. J., E. T. Northam, and W. R. Michel. 1985. Results of Wind Simulations in the Mesosphere Using Precision C-Band Radars and the Inflatable Falling Sphere Technique. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860062894
• Schmidt, J. M. 1955. Analog Computer Simulation of Flight Characteristics of Two 90MM Fin Stabilized Shell T108E40 and T316. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0086529
• Schmidt, E. 1980. “Disturbances to the Launch of Fin-Stabilized Projectiles.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1589. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1589
• Schmidt, Edward M. 1983. The Aerodynamics Range: A National Historic Mechanical Engineering Landmark. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada128042
• Schmidt, C. 1991. “Lightweight Piston/diaphragm Positive Expulsion Propellant Tank.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-3388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3388
• Schmidt, Garfield. 1992. “Estimating off-Nominal Performance of a Solid Rocket Motor for Thrust Vector Control Guidance.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4597
• Schmidt, R., and B. Mann. 1996. “Reusable Launch Vehicle/X-33 Preliminary Structural Analysis for Dynamic Launch Environments.” In Dynamics Specialists Conference. AIAA 1996-1199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-1199
• Schmidtke, G. 2015. “Extreme Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Measurements since 1946.” History of geo- and space sciences 6 (1): 3–22. https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-6-3-2015
• Schmitz, Robert, and John Newcomb. 1993. “Microgravity Flight Research in a Dynamic and Changing Environment.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-370
• Schneeberger, Marcel, Harold Fish, Jacobus D. deClercq Zubli, Muriel C. Hervey, and Walter Gleason. 1980. Data Processing Support for Experimental Studies of the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada087943
• Schneider, Dean A. 1975. Analysis of a Helium Pressurant Loading System for a Fluid Supply System (FSS). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada013774
• Schneiders, G., and W. Ziegltrum. 1982. “Mission Analysis and Data Processing of Sounding Rockets.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1725. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1725
• Schoeler, H. 1987. Kinetic Energy Finned Projectile Aerodynamic Heating Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada195832
• Schoenman, L. 1982. A Technology Data Base for the Design of 500 to 5000-Lb Thrust Class Liquid Rocket Engines Utilizing Hydrogen and Oxygen as Propellants. Aerojet Liquid Rocket Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840055370
• Schoenman, Len. 1993. “4000 F Materials for Low Thrust Rocket Engines.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2406. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2406
• Schoenster, J. A., and H. B. Pierce. 1972. Effects of Experimentally Measured Pressure Oscillations on the Vibration of a Solid Rocket Motor. NASA-TN-D-6931. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730002206
• Scholz, E., L. Loechel, and M. Roberts. 1992. “Advanced Cryogenic Propellant Tank Development Status.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3707. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3707
• Schomberg, Kyll A., Graham Doig, John Olsen, and Andrew J. Neely. 2014. “Geometric Analysis of the Linear Expansion-Deflection Nozzle at Highly Overexpanded Flow Conditions.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-4001. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-4001
• Schoneman, Scott, Steven Buckley, George Stoller, Luis Marina, and Christopher Morris. 2000. “Orbital Suborbital Program (OSP) ‘Minotaur’ Space Launch Vehicle: Low Cost Space Lift for Small Satellites Using Surplus Minuteman Motors.” In Space 2000 Conference and Exposition. AIAA 2000-5068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5068
• Schorr, A., and K. Speas. 1995. “Reusable Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) Pressure Perturbation Characterization: An Overview.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2722. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2722
• Schrempp, Christoph, Stefanos Fasoulas, and Ernst Messerschmid. 1996. “Direct Measurement of Oxygen during a Ballistic Flight on a Sounding Rocket.” In Advanced Measurement and Ground Testing Conference. AIAA 1996-2231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2231
• Schröder, Helmut, Wolfgang Riede, Hamid Kheyrandish, Denny Wernham, and Yngve Lien. 2017. “Investigation of UV Laser Induced Depositions on Optics under Space Conditions in Presence of Outgassing Materials.” In International Conference on Space Optics — ICSO 2006, edited by Errico Armandillo, Josiane Costeraste, Nikos Karafolas. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2308066
• Schühle, Udo, Jean-Philippe Halain, Stefan Meining, and Luca Teriaca. 2011. “The Lyman-Alpha Telescope of the Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on Solar Orbiter.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8148, edited by Silvano Fineschi, Judy Fennelly. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.893573
• Schuler, B. C., and R. W. Stone Jr. 1976. Rate-Control System (RCS) for Zero-Gravity Experiments. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052314
• Schultz, E. D. 1969. Research Directed toward Defining the Variability of the Atmosphere between 30 and 200 Kilometers Interim Scientific Report. NASA-CR-86314. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700007804
• Schultz, Abraham. 1987. “A Technique for Computing the Rate of Change of Electron Density in the Ionosphere.” Radio Science 22 (5): 706–14. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs022i005p00706
• Schulze, N., B. Maxfield, and C. Boucher. 1995. “Flight Demonstration of Flight Termination System and Solid Rocket Motor Ignition Using Semiconductor Laser Initiated Ordnance.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2980. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2980
• Schunk, Robert W. 2002. Assimilation Ionosphere Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada626262
• Schunk, Robert W. 2014. Scientific Studies of the High-Latitude Ionosphere with the Ionosphere Dynamics and ElectroDynamics: Data Assimilation (IDED-DA) Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada612454
• Schutte, Adriaan, and Peter Thoreau. 2016. “The Austral Launch Vehicle: 2014 Progress in Reducing Space Transportation Cost through Reusability, Modularity and Simplicity.” In Proceedings of the 12th Reinventing Space Conference. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-34024-1_15
• Schwanekamp, Tobias. 2014. “Cryogenic Propellant Tank and Feedline Design Studies in the Framework of the CHATT Project.” In 19th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2014-2370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2370
• Schwighamer, R. J. 1977. “Materials and Processes for Shuttle Engine, External Tank, and Solid Rocket Booster.” In A New Era in Space Transportation. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-021710-9.50013-6
• Scialdone, John J. 1982. “Characterization of the Outgassing of Spacecraft Materials.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0287, edited by Giovanni G. Fazio, Edgar Miller. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.932000
• Science Communication INC Mclean VA. 1960. Properties of the Upper Atmosphere. Rocketsonde and Satellite Measurements of Pressure, Temperature, Density, and Composition through Early 1960. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0243886
• Scippa, Sergio, and Philippe Gil. 1993. “Ariane 5: Solid Rocket Booster Development Testing Results.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-4275. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4275
• Scott, R. B. 1963. Model Specification Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Rocketdyne Model YLR105-NA-7, Sustainer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0410255
• Seamans, Thomas F., and Bruce E. Dawson. 1967. Hypergolic Ignition at Reduced Pressures. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0816832
• “Seasonal Effects on Distributions of Minor Neutral Constituents in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” 1972. Radio Science 7 (1): 23–43. https://doi.org/10.1029/rs007i001p00023
• Seaton, S. L. 1947. “Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Physical Review 71 (8): 557–557. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.71.557
• Seddon, J. Carl. 1953. “Propagation Measurements in the Ionosphere with the Aid of Rockets.” Journal of Geophysical Research 58 (3): 323–35. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz058i003p00323
• Seddon, J. C. 1963. Preliminary Report on the Single Station Doppler-Interferometer Rocket Tracking Technique. NASA-TN-D-1344. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630002612
• Sedlak, René, Alexandra M. Zuhr, Carsten Schmidt, et al. 2020. “Intra-Annual Variations of Spectrally Resolved Gravity Wave Activity in the Upper Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere (UMLT) Region.” Atmospheric measurement techniques 13 (9): 5117–28. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-5117-2020
• Sedney, Raymond, Philip Hall, and Nathan Gerber. 1988. “Dynamics of a Fluid Contained in a Spinning, Coning Cylinder.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-609. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-609
• Seedhouse, Erik. 2013a. “Suborbital Market.” In Suborbital. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03485-0_2
• Seedhouse, Erik. 2013b. “Suborbital Science.” In Suborbital. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03485-0_7
• Seedhouse, Erik. 2013c. “Suborbital Spaceflight.” In Suborbital. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-03485-0_1
• Seedhouse, Erik. 2014. “Suborbital Flight: A Primer.” In Virgin Galactic. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09262-1_1
• Segado, M. A., C. L. Hannon, J. G. Brisson, and J. G. Weisend. 2010. “Collins Cryocooler Design for Zero-Boil-off Storage of Liquid Hydrogen and Oxygen in Space.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3422310
• “Segmented Tungsten Nose Tips for High-Performance Flight Vehicles.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0382.0403
• Seidel, Hans H. 1965. Transient Chamber Pressure and Thrust in Solid Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0613962
• Seidel, A. 1974. “A Completely Electroformed Lightweight Regenerative Thrust Chamber for Cryogenic Rocket Engines.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1183
• Seiner, J., and M. Gilinsky. 1995. “Nozzle Thrust Optimization While Reducing Jet Noise.” In Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-2191. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2191
• Seitz, Timo, and Peter M. Gerlinger. 2021. “Comparison of Hybrid RANS/LES Models for Rocket Combustion Chamber Simulations.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1543. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1543
• Seliga, T. A., and R. W. Vogt. 1962. Rocket Instrumentation for the Measurement of AC Conductivity, with a Capacitive Probe, and Long Wave Propagation in the Lower Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403442
• Sellappan, R., and P. Bainum. 1976. “The Motion and Stability of Spin Stabilized Spacecraft with Hinged Appendages.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1976-784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-784
• Selmi, Mohamed. 1996. “Numerical Study of Viscous Flows inside Partially Filled Spinning and Coning Cylinders.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 118 (2): 335–40. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2817382
• Semenov, Vasiliy V. 2003. “Improvement of Efficiency of Liquid Rocket Engine for First Stage of Launcher.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-s.2.09
• Senchev, Maxim, Ivan Zubrilin, Artem Yurtaev, and Yuliya Komisar. 2022. “Analysis of the Kerosene Combustion Simulation for a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” Thermal processes in engineering 14 (1): 42–48. https://doi.org/10.34759/tpt-2022-14-1-42-48
• Sendelbeck, R. S., and N. J. Hoff. 1972. “Loading Rig in Which Axially Compressed Thin Cylindrical Shells Buckle near Theoretical Values: A Holding and Alignment Test Rig for Use When Buckling Thin Circular Cylindrical Shells Is Described. the Consistency of High Buckling Values Is Demonstrated along with Results Concerning Different Holding Restrictions.” Experimental Mechanics 12 (8): 372–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02321695
• Sengupta, Debasis, and J. V. Cole. 2010. Quantum Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Hypergolic Reactions between an Energetic Ionic Liquid and Nitric Acid. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada522002
• Sengupta, Debasis, Maciej Z. Pindera, J. Vernon Cole, and Ghanshyam L. Vaghjiani. 2023. “QSPR and Artificial Neural Network Predictions of Hypergolic Ignition Delays for Energetic Ionic Liquids.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2023-twmn8
• Senol, A., and G. Romine. 1984. “Three Dimensional Refraction-Diffraction of EM Waves through Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” In 17th Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1984-1597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1597
• Seo, Mansu, Hana Park, DonGyu Yoo, Youngsuk Jung, and Sangkwon Jeong. 2014. “Pressure-Volume-Temperature Gauging Method Experiment Using Liquid Nitrogen under Microgravity Condition of Parabolic Flight.” Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics 16 (2): 64–69. https://doi.org/10.9714/psac.2014.16.2.064
• Serafimov, K., I. Kuticv, S. Chapkunov, et al. 1979. “Dynamical Behaviour of the Daytime Topside Ionosphere Inferred from VERTICAL-6 Rocket Data.” In COSPAR: Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023417-5.50052-1
• Sergeant, R. 1965. “Base Heating Scaling Criteria for a Four- Engine Rocket Cluster Operating at High Altitude.” In Aerothermochemistry of Turbulent Flows Conference. AIAA 1965-826. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-826
• Seshime, Takahiro, Takanori Haga, Hiroshi Gotoda, Yusuke Nabae, and Ryoichi Kurose. 2026. “Spatiotemporal Dynamics of High-Frequency Combustion Instability in a Single-Element Liquid Rocket Engine Combustor.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 159 (4_Supplement): A315-A315. https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0045842
• “Setting the Stage: The Worldwide Rocket Craze of the 1920s–30s.” 2017. In America’s First Rocket Company: Reaction Motors, Inc.. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624104428.0001.0012
• Sevier, H. 1967. “Fin Structural Design for High Performance Sounding Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1342. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1342
• Seward, F. D., R. J. Grader, A. Toor, G. A. Burginyon, and R. W. Hill. 1974. “Electrons at Low Altitudes: A Difficult Background Problem for Soft X-Ray Astronomy.” In NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Proc. of the Workshop on Electron contamination in X-ray Astronomy Expt.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020134
• Sextro, Tristen, James H. Tutt, Randall L. McEntaffer, et al. 2025. “Electron Multiplying CCDs for the Pathfinder off-Plane Grating Rocket Experiment.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3064555
• Seybold, Calina, George Chen, Paolo Bellutta, Andrew Johnson, Larry Matthies, and Sam Thurman. 2007. “Suborbital Flight Test of a Prototype Terrain-Relative Navigation System.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2007 Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-2896. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2896
• Sforza, Pasquale M. 2017. “Liquid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In Theory of Aerospace Propulsion. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809326-9.00011-7
• Shadram, Zeinab, Tuan M. Nguyen, Athanasios Sideris, and William A. Sirignano. 2019. “Neural Network Closure Models for Estimating Flame Variables in a Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2008
• Shahneh, Zare. 2014. “Vortex Generator Effect on Mittigation of Separation in Transnic Flow Nozzle.” In Second International Conference on Advances in Mechanical, Aeronautical and Production Techniques - MAPT 2014. Institute of Research Engineers and Doctors. https://doi.org/10.15224/978-1-63248-037-8-94
• Shaidullin, Ruslan, Albert Bekerov, and Andrey Sabirzyanov. 2021. “Flow Swirl Impact at the Rocket Engine Nozzle Inlet on the Flow Coefficient.” Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta 28 (2): 142–51. https://doi.org/10.34759/vst-2021-2-142-151
• Shakeri, Farhad. 2015. “Cycle-Related Solar Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) Variability.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.53846/goediss-5318
• Shanbhogue, Santosh, Raman Sujith, and Sathyanarayanan Chakravarthy. 2003. “Aeroacoustic Instability in a Solid Rocket Motor with Finocyl Grain.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4632. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4632
• Shandling, J., and D. Platus. 1985. “Control of Missile Dispersion via Roll Rate Modulation.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1778. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1778
• Shankar, Siddarth. 2012. “Characteristics of the Quasi-16 Day Wave in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT): A Review over an Equatorial Station Thumba (8.5oN, 76.5oE).” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/33641
• Shankar, Ravi, Sandeep Kumar, Lalit Zambare, and T. V. Jagadeeswar Rao. 2019. “Comparison of Methods for Prediction of Solid Rocket Motor Burn Rate.” In 31st International Symposium on Ballistics. DEStech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics2019/33089
• Shantz, I., and F. J. Demeritte. 1958. Static and Dynamic Stability Tests of a Proposed Version of the Gimlet Rocket. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0309255
• Sharan, Ashneel Ajinesh. 2022. “Analyzing the Effects of Tropical Cyclone on Critical Frequency of the F2-Region Ionosphere in South Pacific Region.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4087719
• Sharkey, J., G. Nurre, G. Beals, and J. Nelson. 1992. “A Chronology of the on-Orbit Pointing Control System Changes on the Hubble Space Telescope and Associated Pointing Improvements.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4618
• Sharma, R. D. 2014. “Technical Note: A New Mechanism of 15 μm Emission in the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere (MLT).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-14-25083-2014
• Sharma, Sanjeev, and Rekha Panchal. 2017. “Effect of Non-Homogeneity on Orthotropic Creep Stresses in a Pressurized Circular Cylinder.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1897. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5008681
• Sharn, Charles F. 1962. Solid-Propellant Rocket Ignition Systems. IV. Evaluation of the NOL ‘‘Hi-Lo’’ (Rocket-in-Rocket) Igniter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0299280
• Sharp, Tiffany, and John Godwin. 2025. Cambrian Executive Microgravity Research Feasibility of Microbial Payloads in Suborbital Microgravity: Viability of E. Coli K12, S. Cerevisiae and S. Boulardii on DLR Mapheus-14 Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/083074-0047
• Sharpes, R. E., and W. J. Carroll. 1973. “Model Support Roll Balance and Roll Coupling.” In The 8th Aerospace Mech. Symp. te. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740003568
• Shaw, E., J. Eccher, C. Rose, W. Hawkins, J. Jensen, and M. Watts. 1973. “A Digital Attitude Control System for Orientation of Rocket Launchedscientific Payloads.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-292. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-292
• Sheiko, Zakhar. 2025. “Analysis and Comparison of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines and Solid-Propellant Rocket Motors as Propulsion Systems for Aerial Attack Vehicles Based on the Example of Soviet Air-to-Surface Missiles.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-039
• Sheils, Tyler, Noel Cervantes, Mark Carpenter, and Roy J. Hartfield. 2023. “Statistical Analysis of Tapered Grain Solid Rocket Motor Performance.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1315. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1315
• Sheils, Tyler, and Roy J. Hartfield. 2024. “Analytical Methods for Grain Regression of Tapered Solid Rocket Motor Geometries.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0638. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0638
• Shekhar, Himanshu. 2009. “Estimation of Pressure Index and Temperature Sensitivity Coefficient of Solid Rocket Propellants by Static Evaluation.” Defence Science Journal 59 (6): 666–69. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.59.1573
• Sheldon, W. R., J. R. Benbrook, and E. A. Bering. 1988. “Rocket Investigations of Electron Precipitation and VLF Waves in the Antarctic Upper Atmosphere.” Reviews of Geophysics 26. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890027757
• Shelhamer, Mark, and Kara Beaton. 2012. “Pre-Flight Sensorimotor Adaptation Protocols for Suborbital flight1.” Journal of Vestibular Research 22 (2–3): 139–44. https://doi.org/10.3233/ves-2011-0434
• Shelley, J. S., R. LeClaire, and J. Nichols. 2001. Metal Matrix Composites for Liquid Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada410056
• Shellman, C. H. 1992. Variability of the Electric Field Strength in the Earth-Ionosphere Waveguide Due to Variations in the Electron Density Profile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada264808
• Shelton, Andrew B., Christopher Martin, and Walter A. Silva. 2018. “Computing Aerodynamic Damping of a Generic Missile with CFD.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-0535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0535
• Sheng, Haoqiang, Xiaobin Huang, Zhijia Chen, Zhengchuang Zhao, and Hong Liu. 2020. “Low-Temperature Hypergolic Ignition of 1-Octene with Low Ignition Delay Time.” Journal of Physical Chemistry A 125 (1): 423–34. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpca.0c08999
• Sheng Lim, Yau, and Mohd Fadhli Zulkafli. 2026. “One-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction Study of a Movable Rocket Fin at Various Cant Angles for Aerodynamic Performance and Stability Analysis under Transient Conditions.” Progress in Aerospace and Aviation Technology 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.30880/paat.2026.06.01.006
• Shepherd, Gordon G. 1996. “WINDII on UARS: A View of Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Dynamics.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 48 (1): 125–33. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.48.125
• Sher, Ibrahim, Adnan M. Maqsood, Jehanzeb Masud, Usman Zia, Muhammad Farhat Asim, and Uzair Yusuf. 2022. “Dynamic Analysis of High Alpha Coning Motion Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Supersonic Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0433. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0433
• Sherburne, R. K., and W. L. Weeks. 1953. “Momentum Thrust of a Rocket.” American Journal of Physics 21 (2): 139–40. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1933370
• Sherman, A. 1969. “Payload Optimization Factors for Storage of Liquid Hydrogen in a Low-Gravity Environment.” In 4th Space Simulation Conference. AIAA 1969-1007. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-1007
• Shi, John J. 1999. Prediction of X-33 Engine Dynamic Environments. Boeing North American, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990041161
• Shi, John J. 2005. Rocket Engine Nozzle Side Load Transient Analysis Methodology: A Practical Approach. Boeing Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050182061
• Shi, Mingxuan, Manish Pokhrel, Jonathan C. Gladin, Elena Garcia, and Dimitri N. Mavris. 2017. “Convergent Nozzle Gross Thrust Coefficient and Discharge Coefficient Calculation with Boundary Layer Ingestion (BLI) Effects.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-5057. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5057
• Shi, Dongbo, Feng Wei, Yu Zhang, and Lianzhong Wang. 2011. “Applications of GPS on Meteorological Rocket Telemetry and Tracking.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 31 (5): 666. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2011.05.666
• Shi, Chenhong, Jinpeng Yang, and Zhishu Xu. 2020. “Research on Thrust Vector Control of Nonlinear Solid Rocket Motor Nozzle Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Technology.” MATEC Web of Conferences 309: 04008. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202030904008
• Shi, Zhongjiao, and Liangyu Zhao. 2016. “Effects of Aeroelasticity on Coning Motion of a Spinning Missile.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230 (14): 2581–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410016629501
• Shibato, Yoji, and Shinsuke Kuroda. 2005. “History of Liquid Propellant Rockets in Japan.” In 56th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-05-e4.4.05
• Shigemoto, J., R. Windsor, G. Sakoda, and R. Fujimoto. 1982. “Parachute Suspended Solar Pointing Control System.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1733. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1733
• Shim, J. S., M. Kuznetsova, L. Rastätter, et al. 2012. “CEDAR Electrodynamics Thermosphere Ionosphere (ETI) Challenge for Systematic Assessment of Ionosphere/thermosphere Models: Electron Density, Neutral Density, NmF2, and hmF2 Using Space Based Observations.” Space Weather 10 (10): 2012SW000851. https://doi.org/10.1029/2012sw000851
• Shimada, Toru, Nobuhiro Sekino, and Mihoko Fukunaga. 2008. “Numerical Investigation of Roll Torque Induced by Solid Rocket Motor Internal Flow.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4891. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4891
• Shimizu, Kazuya, Taro Shimizu, and Nobuyuki Tsuboi. 2008. “Study on Development of Unified Simulation Method for Atomization and Combustion in a Coaxial Injector Flow.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-1021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1021
• Shin, Kyung Su, Hoi-Gu Jang, Soon Hee Park, and Sung June Cho. 2023. “Characteristics of Ignition Delay of Hypergolic Ionic Liquids Combined with 1-Amino-4-Methylpiperazine.” RSC Advances 13 (27): 18960–63. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3ra03752e
• Shin, Min Kyu, Jeong Hwa Oh, Jeong Yeol Cha, and Young Sung Ko. 2024. “Steady-State Combustion Characteristics of a Pentad Impinging-Jet Injector Using Green Hypergolic Propellant.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 25 (3): 990–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-024-00734-4
• Shin, Jongmin, Tae-Seong Roh, and Hyoung Jin Lee. 2022. “Comparison of the Semi-Empirical Heat Transfer Coefficient for a Liquid Rocket Nozzle with Regenerative Cooling Jacket.” Journal of Propulsion and Energy 3 (1): 51–60. https://doi.org/10.6108/jpne.2022.3.1.051
• Shindin, Alexey Vladimirovich, Evgeny Sergeev, Savely M. Grach, et al. 2021. “HF Induced Modifications of the Electron Density Profile in the Earth’s Ionosphere Using the Pump Frequencies near the Fourth Electron Gyroharmonic.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10507250.1
• Shipeng, Li, and Ning-fei Wang. 2015. “Combustion Behavier of a High Burning Rate AP-HTPB Solid Propellant under Transient Pressure Condition.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4223. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4223
• Shirouzu, Masao, and Kunio Soga. 1986. “On the normal force and the rolling moment due to wing-tail interference of a sounding rocket model.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 34 (386): 153–60. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.34.153
• Shklovskii, I. S., and V. G. Kurt. 1961. “The Determination of the Density of the Atmosphere at an Altitude of 430 Kilometers by the Sodium Vapor Diffusion Method.” In Artificial Earth Satellites. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-5929-4_8
• The Shock and Vibration Bulletin. Part 1: Invited Papers, Vibrations and Acoustics, Blast and Shock. 1979. NASA-CR-162471. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800007938
• Shockley, Liberty M., and Robert Bettinger. 2020. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination Using Terrestrial Illumination Matching.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1097. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1097
• Shoffstall, Ms, and Jm Stoltzfus. 2003. “Oxygen Hazards Analysis of Space Shuttle External Tank Gaseous Oxygen Pressurization System.” In Flammability and Sensitivity of Materials in Oxygen-Enriched Atmospheres: 10th Volume. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp11591s
• Shoun, C. W. 1960. “Bleed Gas from a Solid Propellant Rocket Engine to Power an Auxiliary Power Supply.” In Ballistic Missile and Space Electronics. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-395519-7.50018-5
• Shoyama, Tadayoshi, and Kazuaki Hirakawa. 2024. Development of Tri-Propellant Rocket Engine for Reusable SSTO. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0065
• Shpund, Z., and D. Levin. 1995. “The Influence of Payload Size on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Rotating Cross-Type Parachute.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1555
• Shrewsberry, D. J. 1973. “STRAP 4 Sounding Rocket Attitude Control System.” In Significant Accomplishments in Technol., 1972. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730019088
• Shrewsberry, D. J., T. J. Budney, D. C. Riley, and B. C. Schuler. 1973. “STRAP IV: High Accuracy, Low Drift Attitude Control System.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730038406
• Shteinberg, Alexander S. n.d. “High-Temperature Decomposition and Thermal Explosion of Liquid Propellant Components: Hydrogen Peroxide and Hydrazine.” In Fast Reactions in Energetic Materials. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78861-4_11
• Shukla, Poorva, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2018. “Active Flight Path Control for an Induced Spin Flight Termination System.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0528. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0528
• Shulga, A. A., and G. A. Shcheglov. 2021. “Ballistic Design of a Launch Vehicle with a Reusable Payload Fairing.” Engineering Journal: Science and Innovation, no. 9 (117). https://doi.org/10.18698/2308-6033-2021-9-2109
• “Shuttle Eleven Cove Aerodynamic Heating by Ingested Flow.” 1978. In Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865336.0027.0048
• Shynkarenko, Olexiy, and Paulo Gabriel Cunha Martins. 2017. “Flow Analysis inside the Combustion Chamber and the Nozzle of a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In Procceedings of the 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanicl Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-0990
• Shyu, Lih Shyng, and Yung Chia Hsiao. 2014. “Mini UAV Design and Manufacture with Bungee Launched / Parachute Recovery.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 610: 97–100. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.97
• Si, Wufei, Ganglei Huang, Yiding Zhu, Shiyi Chen, and Cunbiao Lee. 2019. “Hypersonic Aerodynamic Heating over a Flared Cone with Wavy Wall.” Physics of Fluids 31 (5): 051702. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098543
• Siddiqui, J. M. H. 1974. Ultraviolet Source for Rocket Measurements of Nitric Oxide in the Upper Atmosphere. NASA-CR-136909. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740013916
• Siddiqui, K., and I. Smith. 1988. “Production of Igniter Particulates and Their Effect on Heat Flux Measurement in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors Using Thin Platinum Film Gauges.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3353
• Siebenhaar, Adam, and William Campbell. 1987. “XLR-132A Storable Propellant Rocket Engine Turbopump Development Status.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2116. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2116
• Sierra, Pablo, Juan M. Tizón, Javier Vilas, and José F. Moral. 2017. “Efficient Simulation of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Cycle.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-5007. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5007
• Sigal, Asher, and Asher Sigal. 1997. “Analysis of the Roll Moments of Finned Missiles.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3494. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3494
• Silbert, M., A. Moltedo, and E. Bedy Sr. 1986. “Parachute Recovery Location Aids.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2545. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2545
• Silevitch, Michael B. 1988. On the Dynamics of the Auroral Ionosphere during the Breakup of a Substorm. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada193368
• Silton, Sidra, and Vishal Bhagwandin. 2012. “Computational Analysis of a Spinning Fin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2906. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2906
• Silton, Sidra I., and Craig J. Coyle. 2015. “Effect of Canard Deflection on Fin Performance of a Fin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2586. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2586
• Silton, Sidra I., and Craig J. Coyle. 2016. “Effect of Canard Deflection for Roll Control on Fin Performance of a Fin-Stabilized Projectile.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-0309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0309
• Silver, David M. 1992. “Modeling of Spacecraft Contamination Outgassing as a Diffusion Controlled Process.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1754, edited by A. Peter M. Glassford. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.140750
• Silver, David M., Richard C. Benson, Jeffrey W. Garrett, and A. Peter M. Glassford. 1994. “Outgassing Issues and Measurement Protocols for Spacecraft Coatings.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2261, edited by A. Peter M. Glassford. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.190137
• Sim, Jaeheon, Chih-Kuang Kuan, and Wei Shyy. 2011. “Simulation of Spacecraft Fuel Tank Self-Pressurization Using Eulerian-Lagrangian Method.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-1318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1318
• “Similarity and Scaling Effects in Hybrid Rocket Motors.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0489.0512
• Simmonds, J. G., and D. A. Danielson. 1970. “New Results for the Buckling Loads of Axially Compressed Cylindrical Shells Subject to Relaxed Boundary Conditions.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 37 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3408495
• Simmons, Benjamin, Jeffrey Marchetta, and John Hochstein. 2005. “Reduced Gravity Cryogenic Propellant Tank Re-Supply Simulation and Geyser Prediction.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-1150. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1150
• Simon, Wayne E. 1956. Investigation of the Causes of High Dispersion of the Production 90MM Fin-Stabilized Shell, Heat, T108E40. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0088799
• Simons, J. C. 1961. “Current WADD Weightless Research.” In Weightlessness—Physical Phenomena and Biological Effects. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6279-9_11
• Sims, L. W. 1963. Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Supersonic Parachute Phenomena. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0334868
• “Simulation and Analysis of Thrust Chamber Flowfields: Cryogenic Propellant Rockets.” 2004a. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0527.0551
• “Simulation and Analysis of Thrust Chamber Flowfields: Storable Propellant Rockets.” 2004b. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0493.0525
• Sinanoğlu, O., B. Skutnik, and R. Tousey. 1966. “Search for Quarks in the Far Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Physical Review Letters 17 (14): 785–88. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.17.785
• Singer, S. F. 1953. “Synoptic Rocket Observations of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 171 (4364): 1108–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/1711108a0
• Singer, J. 1969. “The Influence of Stiffener Geometry and Spacing on the Buckling of Axially Compressed Cylindrical and Conical Shells.” In Theory of Thin Shells. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-88476-4_15
• Singh, R. P., L. C. P. Huang, and R. A. Cook. 1975. SENS-5D Trajectory and Wind-Sensitivity Calculations for Unguided Rockets. NASA-CR-141402. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760010978
• Singh, Neeraj, Dibakar Rakshit, and Jayati Sarkar. 2024. “Computational Fluid Dynamics-Based Study of Boil-Off Andpressurization in a Cryogenic Tank.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4989549
• Singh, Nagendra, K. H. Wright Jr., and Nobie H. Stone. 1990. Current Collection from Space Plasmas. NASA-CP-3089. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910008400
• Singleton, Donald George. n.d. “Perturbations of the Electron Density of the F-Layer of the Ionosphere.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/366044
• Sinha, Neeraj, Donald Kenzakowski, and William Calhoon. 2002. “Particulate Dispersion in Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4289
• Sinton, S. 1993. “Rocket Propulsion and the Environment.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2171. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2171
• Sivakumar, V., and R. Palaninathan. 2012. “FE Analysis of Contact Pressure Prediction on O-Rings Used in Solid Rocket Booster Segment Joints.” International Journal of Science and Engineering Applications: 8–16. https://doi.org/10.7753/ijsea0101.1003
• Sivathanu Pillai, A. 2022a. “Brief History of Rockets.” In Introduction to Rocket Science and Space Exploration. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003323396-3
• Sivathanu Pillai, A. 2022b. “Rocket Design Methodology, Test and Evaluation, World Launch Sites.” In Introduction to Rocket Science and Space Exploration. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003323396-6
• Sivjee, G. G. 1984. High Time Resolution Thermospheric Temperature and Wind Studies in the Arctic. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada150114
• Sivolella, Davide. 2014. “Power to Orbit: Solid Rocket Booster.” In To Orbit and Back Again. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0983-0_4
• “Six EUV Solar Radiation Proxies: A Comparative Analysis.” 2023. In Book of Proceedings Solar Influences on the Magnetosphere, Ionosphere and Atmosphere. Space Research and Technology Institute, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. https://doi.org/10.31401/ws.2023.proc.01
• Skellett, A. M. 1938. “Meteoric Ionisation in the E Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 141 (3567): 472–472. https://doi.org/10.1038/141472b0
• Skoog, A. Ingemar. 2006. “Swedish Sounding Rocket Projects.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-e4.3.02
• “The Skua Meteorological Rocket System.” 1969. In Stratospheric Circulation. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864964.0031.0046
• Slater, David C., S. Alan Stern, John Scherrer, Webster Cash, James C. Green, and Erik Wilkinson. 1995. The Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrograph Sounding Rocket Payload: Recent Modifications for Planetary Observations in the EUV/FUV. NASA-CR-201442. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960042969
• Slayton, Donald, and Mark Daniels. 1989. “Reliable, Low Cost Launch Services.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2853
• Sliusariev, Volodymyr. 2025. “Optimization of Cooling Channels of Liquid Rocket Engines Using a Differential Heat Transfer Model.” Aerospace Technic and Technology, no. 6. https://doi.org/10.32620/aktt.2025.6.03
• Sloan, G. J. 1969. Recent Passive Density Sensor Effort at the Naval Ordnance Laboratory. Naval Ordnance Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009268
• “Smaller Rockets for Scientific Purposes – Skua and Petrel.” 1986. In History of British Space Science. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511898075.011
• Smalley, Kurt, Andrew Brown, Joseph Ruf, and John Gilbert. 2007. “Flow Separation Side Loads Excitation of Rocket Nozzle FEM.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2007-2242. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2242
• Smallwood, William L. 1966. Beryllium Erosion Corrosion Investigation for Solid Rocket Nozzles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0372384
• Smallwood, W. L. 1967. Beryllium Erosion Corrosion Investigation for Solid Rocket Nozzles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0382136
• Smeltzer, Stanley, and Lynn Bowman. 2002. “Buckling Design Studies of Inverted, Oblate Bulkheads for a Propellant Tank.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2002-1525. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-1525
• Smelyanskiy, Vadim, Dmitry Luchinsky, Vyatcheslav Osipov, Dogan Timuchin, and Serdar Uckun. 2008. “Development of an on-Board Failure Diagnostics and Prognostics System for Solid Rocket Booster.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-5268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-5268
• Smirnov, Artem, Yuri Shprits, Hermann Lühr, Fabricio S. Prol, and Chao Xiong. 2023. Neural Network Model of Electron Density in the Topside Ionosphere (NET). https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-10055
• Smirnov, Artem, Yuri Shprits, Fabricio S. Prol, et al. 2022. Neural Network Model of Electron Density in the Topside Ionosphere (NET). https://doi.org/10.5194/iag-comm4-2022-9
• Smit, Benjamin, and Adam Gorrell. 2026. “Supersonic Ballistic Trajectory Error Analysis for High Powered Rocket Systems.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-107627. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-107627
• Smith, Peter D. n.d. “Minimum Weight Structural Design of an Axially Stiffened Cylindrical Shell Subject to Axial Compression and Internal Pressure.” PhD diss., Drexel University. https://doi.org/10.17918/00002823
• Smith, L. H. 1965a. Cosmic Ray Primary Electron Flux Measurement with Rigidity above 5 Bv. (Thesis). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4591083
• Smith, L. G. 1965b. Langmuir Probes for Measurements in the Ionosphere. NASA-CR-68188. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003578
• Smith, L. B. 1969a. Data from Falling Sphere Experiments Including Comparison Tests between Different Systems. Sandia Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009278
• Smith, W. S. 1969b. Meteorological Data from Falling Sphere Technique Compared with Data from Other Sounding Methods. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700009280
• Smith, J. 1970a. “Real-Time Prediction of Solar Flare Locations and Region Activity Levels.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1373. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1373
• Smith, Andrew M. 1970b. “Rocket Spectroscopy of ζ Puppis below 1100 Å.” In Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra and Related Ground-Based Observations. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3293-3_28
• Smith, A. M. 1972. Interstellar Lines in the Ultraviolet Spectrum of Zeta Oph. NASA-TM-X-65883. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720016245
• Smith, A. M. 1975. “A Discussion on Astronomy in the Ultraviolet: A Study of Interstellar Lines in the Rocket Spectrum of δ Scorpii.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 279 (1289): 317–22. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1975.0064
• Smith, S. 1983. “Improvements in Rocket Engine Nozzle and High Altitude Plume Computations.” In 18th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1983-1547. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1547
• Smith, Tamara. 1988. “Boundary Layer Development as a Function of Chamber Pressure in the NASA Lewis 1030:1 Area Ratio Rocket Nozzle.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3301. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3301
• Smith, Randall. 2003. The Ultra-Soft X-Ray Background: A Probe of the Hot Interstellar Medium and the Local Bubble: ADP-99. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030018454
• Smith, Justin, and Jeffrey Cullina. 2011. “CFD Assessment of Fin Manufacturing Defect to Set Fin Cant Angle and Achieve Nominal Roll Rate.” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3665. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3665
• Smith, Robert E., and Joel Ferrell. 1964. “High-Altitude Tests of Rocket Engines in Ground Test Facilities.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640811
• Smith, Sh, Nd Ghadiali, A. Zahoor, and Mr Wilson. 1982. “Fracture Tolerance Analysis of the Solid Rocket Booster Servo-Actuator for the Space Shuttle.” In Design of Fatigue and Fracture Resistant Structures. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp28872s
• Smith, W. S., L. B. Katchen, and J. S. Theon. 1968. “Grenade Experiments in a Program of Synoptic Meteorological Measurements.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_20
• Smith, L. G., and D. E. Klaus. 1978. “Rocket Observations of Electron Density Irregularities in the Equatorial e Region.” In Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022021-5.50059-8
• Smith, Jonathon M., and Jeffrey Klenzing. 2022. “Growin: Modeling Ionospheric Instability Growth Rates.” Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12: 26. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022021
• Smith, L. G., and K. L. Miller. 1974. “The Measurement of O2 Number Density by Absorption of Lyman Alpha.” Journal of Geophysical Research 79. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740047921
• Smith, Tamara, Albert Pavli, and Kenneth Kacynski. 1987. “Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Thrust Performance of a 1030:1 Area Ratio Rocket Nozzle at a Chamber Pressure of 2413 kN/sq m (350 Psia).” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2069. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2069
• Smith, Anne K., Nicholas M. Pedatella, Daniel R. Marsh, and Tomoko Matsuo. 2017. “On the Dynamical Control of the Mesosphere–Lower Thermosphere by the Lower and Middle Atmosphere.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 74 (3): 933–47. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-16-0226.1
• Smith, Thomas G., Ross D. Pollock, Joseph K. Britton, et al. 2022. “Physiological Effects of Centrifuge-Simulated Suborbital Spaceflight.” Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 93 (12): 830–39. https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.6153.2022
• Smith, G. W., and R. H. Sforzini. 1972. Pulse Performance Analysis for Small Hypergolic-Propellant Rocket Engines. NASA-TM-X-64673. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720017173
• Smith, I., and K. Siddiqui. 1977. “The Measurement of Igniter Heat Flux in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-901. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-901
• Smith, J., and R. Stechman. 1981. “Monomethylhydrazine versus Hydrazine Fuels: Test Results Using a 100 Pound Thrust Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1573. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1573
• Smith, W. S., J. S. Theon, D. U. Wright Jr., J. F. Casey, and J. J. Horvath. 1972. Measurements of the Structure and Circulation of the Stratosphere and Mesosphere, 1970. NASA-TR-R-391. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730002930
• Smith, L. G., and L. H. Weeks. 1966. Molecular Oxygen Densities from Rocket Measurements of Lyman-Alpha Absorption Profiles. NASA-CR-392. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660008606
• Smollett, Roy J. 1955. Results of a Telemetering Investigation of Parachute Opening Altitude of the Universal Parachute Pack on the Mine Case Mk 36. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0077438
• Smoot, L., and D. Underwood. 1965. “Prediction of Microwave Attenuation Characteristics of Rocket Exhausts.” In 6th Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1965-181. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-181
• Snyder, David. 2013. Research Topics in the Upper Atmosphere. Iowa State University. Library. Digital Press. https://doi.org/10.31274/ahac.8154
• Snyder, Michael, and Eric Joyce. 2009. “Optimization of Fuselage Design for a Sounding Rocket Using Composite Materials.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5084
• Snyder, L., and H. Thompson. 1971. “Three-Dimensional Thrust Nozzle Design for Maximum Axial Thrust.” In 9th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1971-42. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-42
• Sobczak, Kamil M., Pawel Surmacz, Bartosz Bartkowiak, et al. 2017. “Test Campaign of a Green Liquid Bi-Propellant Rocket Engine Using Catalytically Decomposed 98% Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizer.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4926. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4926
• Soberman, Robert K. 1956. “High-Altitude Cosmic-Ray Neutron Intensity Variations.” Physical Review 102 (5): 1399–1409. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.102.1399
• Sobin, A. J., S. P. Poynor, and E. Cross. 1977. “Booster Engines Derived from the Space Shuttle Main Engine.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770059130
• Sodha, M. S., and P. K. Kaw. 1965. “Modulation of Electromagnetic Waves by Acoustic Waves in a Plasma. II. Effects in the Ionosphere and Rocket Exhausts.” Canadian Journal of Physics 43 (5): 965–68. https://doi.org/10.1139/p65-093
• Sodha, M. S., and S. K. Mishra. 2017. “Modification of Electron Density in F Layer of Ionosphere by Dust Suspension.” Physics of Plasmas 24 (4): 043705. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4979988
• Sodium Vapor Experiment Quarterly Progress Report No. 3, 1 Jan.: 31 Mar. 1966. 1966a. NASA-CR-75255. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660017534
• Sodium Vapor Experiment Quarterly Progress Report No. 4, 1 Apr.: 30 Jun. 1966. 1966b. NASA-CR-76500. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660022641
• Sofieva, V. F., E. Kyrölä, J. Tamminen, and M. Ferraguto. 2004. “Atmospheric Density, Pressure and Temperature Profile Reconstruction from Refractive Angle Measurements in Stellar Occultation.” In Occultations for Probing Atmosphere and Climate. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09041-1_25
• Sofyan, Sofyan, and Vicky Wuwung. 2018. “RX-320 Rocket Static Pressure Combustion Chamber Prediction and Validation by Using Invers Method.” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 16 (1): 45. https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2018.v16.a2866
• Sola, F. 1989. “Development of the Explorer Solid Rocket Motor.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2954. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2954
• “Solar Flares.” 2008. In Ultraviolet and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Solar Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511585968.011
• Solar Pointing Aerobee Rocket Control System (SPARCS) Final Report. 1969. NASA-CR-73439. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700019516
• “Solar System X-Rays.” 2010. In Exploring the X-ray Universe. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511781513.005
• “Solar Ultraviolet Radiation and Magnetism.” 2006. In Ultraviolet Radiation in the Solar System. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3730-9_2
• “The Solar UV Variability.” 2006. In Ultraviolet Radiation in the Solar System. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3730-9_3
• Solar x Ray Astronomy Rocket Program. 1990. NASA-CR-183494. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920005717
• “Solid Fuel Rocket Motor Seals.” 1995. Sealing Technology 1995 (14): 13. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1350-4789(00)80005-7
• “Solid Propellant Ignition Studies with High Flux Radiant Energy as a Thermal Source.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0673.0692
• “Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” n.d. In Rocket and Spacecraft Propulsion. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-69203-4_4
• “Solid Propellant Rocket Motors as Acoustic Oscillators.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0295.0358
• “Solid Rocket Combustion Instability-An American Historical Account.” 1992. In Nonsteady Burning and Combustion Stability of Solid Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866159.0001.0016
• “Solid Rocket Motors.” 2019. In Rocket Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108381376.008
• “Solid-Fuel Pyrolysis Phenomena and Regression Rate, Part 1: Mechanisms.” 2007a. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0127.0166
• “Solid-Fuel Pyrolysis Phenomena and Regression Rate, Part 2: Measurement Techniques.” 2007b. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0167.0206
• “Solid-Propellant Ignition Theories and Experiments.” 1984. In Fundamentals of Solid-Propellant Combustion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865671.0239.0304
• Soller, Sebastian, Nico Rackemann, and Gerhard Kroupa. 2017. “Laser Ignition Application to Cryogenic Propellant Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In Laser Ignition Conference 2017. OSA. https://doi.org/10.1364/lic.2017.lfa4.3
• Solomon, Gedlu, and Yishak Tamiru. 2026. “Evaluation of Propellant Slosh Effects and Baffle Requirements in a Hybrid Rocket Oxidizer Tank.” Research & Development 7 (3): 84–95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.rd.20260703.11
• Somayajulu, Y. V., M. B. Avadhanulu, and K. S. Zalpuri. 1974. “Comparison of Electron Density Profiles in the Lower Ionosphere at Equator and Mid-Latitudes.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-021
• “Some Research Problems in the Steady-State Burning of Composite Solid Propellants.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0183.0206
• Son, Min, Kijeong Yu, Jaye Koo, Oh Chae Kwon, and Jeong Soo Kim. 2015. “Injection Condition Effects of a Pintle Injector for Liquid Rocket Engines on Atomization Performances.” Journal of ILASS-Korea 20 (2): 114–20. https://doi.org/10.15435/jilasskr.2015.20.2.114
• Son, Min, Kijeong Yu, Kanmaniraja Radhakrishnan, and Jaye Koo. 2016. “Design Procedure of a Movable Pintle Injector for Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-1453. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1453
• Song, Rui, Martin Kaufmann, Manfred Ern, Jörn Ungermann, Guang Liu, and Martin Riese. 2018. “Three-Dimensional Tomographic Reconstruction of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT).” Atmospheric measurement techniques 11 (5): 3161–75. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-3161-2018
• Soni, Delisha. 2026. “An Analytical Study on the Influence of Rocket Nozzle Geometry on Thrust Generation.” International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research 8 (3). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2026.v08i03.82406
• Sonneveldt, Bryan S., Ian G. Clark, and Clara O’Farrell. 2019. “Summary of the Advanced Supersonic Parachute Inflation Research Experiments (ASPIRE) Sounding Rocket Tests with a Disk-Gap-Band Parachute.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3482. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3482
• Soriano, Steven, Olga Kartuzova, Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel Hauser. n.d.-a. Modeling Self-Pressurization and Spray Bar Pressure Control of a Cryogenic Storage Tank in Normal Gravity. HX5, LLC. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240006408
• Soriano, Steven, Olga Kartuzova, Mohammad Kassemi, and Daniel Hauser. n.d.-b. Validation of a Two-Phase CFD Model for Autogenous Pressurization and Expulsion. HX5, LLC. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240006400
• Sosa, Jonathan, Zane Berry, Robert Burke, Kareem A. Ahmed, and Daniel Micka. 2020. “Exploration of Nozzle Flow Circumferential Attenuation and Efficient Expansion for Rotating Detonation Rocket Engines.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0197
• Sotter, G. 1964. “Vortex Generation in Solid Propellant Rockets.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-144
• Soudarin, Célia, Caroline Chabaud, Romain Beauchet, et al. 2026a. “Comparison of Ionic Liquid and Sodium Borohydride with Triglyme in Hypergolic Systems with Hydrogen Peroxide.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0352. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0352
• Soudarin, Célia, Showy Chen, Romain Beauchet, et al. 2024. “Hypergolic Ignition between Triglyme and Hydrogen Peroxide.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1787
• Souza, Gabriel de Almeida, Larissa Barbosa, Glênio Ramalho, and Alexandre Zuquete Guarato. 2019. “Low Cost Real Time Rocket Telemetry System Design.” In Proceedings of the 25th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2019.cob2019-1585
• Sozen, Mehmet, Philip Davis, and Philip Davis. 2008. “Transpiration Cooling of a Liquid Rocket Thrust Chamber Wall.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4559
• Space Environment (Natural and Artificial). Earth Upper Atmosphere. n.d.-a. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30244424
• Space Environment (Natural and Artificial). Guide to Reference and Standard Atmosphere Models. n.d.-b. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30237419
• “Space Launch Vehicle Structures and Layout.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0407.0462
• Space Product Assurance. Particles Contamination Monitoring for Spacecraft Systems and Cleanrooms. n.d. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30300991
• Space Systems � Measured Parameters at Firing Bench and Flight Tests of Liquid Rocket Engines. n.d. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30235922u
• Space Systems. Re-Entry Risk Management for Uncrewed Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Orbital Stages. n.d.-a. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30192798u
• Space Systems. Re-Entry Risk Management for Unmanned Spacecraft and Launch Vehicle Orbital Stages. n.d.-b. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30368423
• Space Systems. the Measured Parameters at Firing Bench and Flight Tests of Liquid Rocket Engines. n.d. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30235922
• “Space Telescope Pointing Control System.” 1980. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1980-1784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1784
• “Space Transportation System Solid Rocket Booster Thrust Vector Control System.” 1979. In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1139. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1139
• “Spacecraft Contamination.” 2008. In The Space Environment and Its Effects on Space Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862533.0295.0318
• “Spacecraft Contamination.” 2016. In The Space Environment and Its Effects on Space Systems, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624103537.0651.0702
• “Spacecraft Contamination: A Review.” 1980. In Space Systems and Their Interactions with Earth’s Space Environment. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865459.0680.0706
• Spalding, D. Brian. 1979. “LIQUID-PROPELLANT ROCKET.” In Combustion and Mass Transfer. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-022106-9.50012-7
• Spangelo, Inge, and Klaus H. Well. 1995. “Rocket Ascent with Heat-Flux and Splashdown Constraints.” In Automatic Control in Aerospace 1994 (Aerospace Control ‘94). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042238-1.50005-7
• Spearman, M. 1979. “The Role of Wind Tunnels in Predicting Sounding Rocket Aerodynamics.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-505
• “Spectrometers and Imagers for Observing the Solar Ultraviolet and X-Ray Spectrum.” 2008. In Ultraviolet and X-ray Spectroscopy of the Solar Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511585968.008
• “Spectroscopic Components of the Airglow.” 1962. In Observations of the Night Airglow. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4832-1272-2.50007-1
• Spence, D. 1969. “Effects of Mission Environments on the Mechanical Properties of Dacron Parachute Material.” In 4th Space Simulation Conference. AIAA 1969-1018. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-1018
• Spiller, Eberhard, R. A. McCorkle, J. S. Wilczynski, et al. 1991. “Normal-Incidence Soft X-Ray Telescopes.” Optical Engineering 30. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910064265
• Spiridakos, Dimitrios P., Nicholas C. Markatos, and D. P. Karadimou. 2020. “Mathematical Modeling of Aerodynamic Heating and Pressure Distribution on a 5-Inch Hemispherical Concave Nose in Supersonic Flow.” In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91041
• Spradley, L. W. 1975. Convection Measurement Package for Space Processing Sounding Rocket Flights. NASA-CR-143997. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760003104
• Sprague, Robert W. 1955. “Solubility of Oxygen in White and Red Fuming Nitric Acids.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 47 (11): 2396–98. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50551a055
• Sprague, R. A. 1994. Atmospheric Effects Assessment Program: Ionospheric Sounding. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada276447
• Sprattling, W., Jr. 1967. “Static Firing of NASA’s 260-Inch-Diameter Solid Rocket Motors.” In Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1967-236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-236
• Sridhar, Srivatsav Sanjay, Yash Raj, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2023. “Momentum Thrust Enhancement of Liquid Rockets at Vacuum by Spraying High Heat Capacity Nano-Granules to the Subsonic Region of the Rocket Nozzle.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4114. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4114
• Sriganapathy, A. J., Makudesh Arjun Kumar. A, and R. Diwakar. 2022. “Design and Analysis of Aerospike Bell Nozzle to Improve Thrust in Rocket Engine.” IARJSET 9 (6). https://doi.org/10.17148/iarjset.2022.9607
• Srinivasan, Navneeth, S. Varunkumar, and Preeti Aghalayam. 2021. “Supercritical Injection, Combustion and Acoustic Interactions in a Semi-Cryogenic Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Injector.” International Conference on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems (ICLASS) 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.2218/iclass.2021.5850
• Srivastava, Nimisha, and T. Jayachandran. 2022. “A Two-Phase Numerical Comparison between a Submerged Nozzle and an External Nozzle for a Solid Rocket Motor.” In Proceeding of Proceedings of the 26thNational and 4th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference December 17-20, 2021, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ihmtc-2021.1420
• Srivastava, Nimisha, and T. Jayachandran. 2023. “Multi-Phase Flow Simulation of a Solid Rocket Motor with a Thrust Vectoring Submerged Nozzle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1130
• Srivastava, Lokesh, Lanka Krishnanand, Nayani KishoreNath, and Degavath Laxman. 2022a. “Experimental Performance Evaluation of Small Solid Rocket Motor with Composite Case for Environmental Conditions.” Defence Science Journal 72 (3): 485–94. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.72.17863
• Srivastava, Sn, and S. Niranjan. 1968. “A Transistorized Rocketsonde for Measurement of Upper Atmosphere Temperature.” MAUSAM 19 (2): 217–18. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v19i2.5238
• “Stability Testing Methodology: Scaling Techniques for Liquid Rocket Combustion Stability Testing.” 1995. In Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866371.0545.0564
• Staffanson, F. L. 1971. “Density Accuracy from the Accelerometer Inflatable Falling Sphere.” Journal of Geophysical Research 76. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720031490
• Staker, William P. 1950. “A Determination of the High Altitude Latitude Dependence in Cosmic-Ray Neutron Intensity.” Physical Review 80 (1): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.80.52
• “The Standard Atmosphere.” 1964. In Stability and Control of Airplanes and Helicopters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-634450-9.50033-6
• “The Standard Atmosphere.” 1976. In One-Dimensional Compressible Flow. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-020414-7.50016-2
• “Standard Atmosphere Data.” 2013. In An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-384866-6.00029-5
• Stanley, Sarah. 2020. “Drivers of Upper Atmosphere Climate Change.” Eos 101. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020eo151265
• Stanley, Sarah. 2023. “Probing Rare Hot Plasma Flows in the Upper Atmosphere.” Eos 104. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023eo230343
• Stanley, Douglas, and Richard Powell. 1990. “Evaluation of Abort Capabilities of Rocket-Powered Single-Stage-to-Orbit Launch Vehicles.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-296. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-296
• Starfire 1 Consort III Launch. 1990. NONP-NASA-VT-2000081529. Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000064717
• Stark, Ralf. 2005. “Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzles, a Simple Criteria.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3940. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3940
• Stark, Ralf H. 2013. “Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzles: An Overview.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-3840. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3840
• Stark, Ralf, and Chloé Génin. 2011. “Experimental Study on Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-389. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-389
• Stark, Ralf, and Chloe Genin. 2012b. “Optimisation of a Rocket Nozzle Side Load Reduction Device.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3970. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3970
• Stark, R., and C. Génin. 2017. “Flow Separation in Rocket Nozzles under High Altitude Condition.” In 30th International Symposium on Shock Waves 2. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44866-4_82
• Starke, Juergen, Jean-Pierre Belmont, Jose Longo, Philippe Novelli, and Wilhelm Kordulla. 2008. “Some Considerations on Suborbital Flight in Europe.” In 15th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies Conference. AIAA 2008-2525. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-2525
• Starkey, Ryan P., Matthew S. Cannella, John Brendel, and Steve M. Harrington. 2014. “Development of a Pistonless Rocket Engine Pump Suborbital Flight Test Demonstrator.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3784
• Startzell, Dale E., and Fred J. Demeritte. 1958. Effect of Fin Cant and Nose Shapes on Free Spin of Basic Finner. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0307473
• Staschus, Claire, and Robert A. Frederick. 2016. “An Overview of Combustion Instabilities and Rocket Engine Injector Design.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4724
• Stasiowska, Dagmara, Piotr Slawecki, and Barbara Szaflarska. 2022. “How to Turn One Small Experiment into a Giant Leap: Experiences on the Process of Hybrid Rocket Biological Payloads Design.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0036. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0036
• States, David. 2001. “Unity IV Hybrid Rocket Motor, Nozzle, Fuel and Ignition Systems.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3533. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3533
• “Status of Nozzleless Solid Rocket Motor Internal Ballistics Analysis.” 1977. In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-910. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-910
• Stauffis, C. R., G. A. Malone, and R. A. Duscha. 1973. “Nondestructive Evaluation of Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chambers for Rocket Engines.” In Symposium on Electrodeposited Metals for Selected Applications. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740053446
• Staunton, B., and D. Mingori. 1993. “Attitude Dynamics of Spinning Rockets in Space with Internal Fluid Motion.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1993-3758. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3758
• Steadman, Todd, Alok Majumdar, and Kimberly Holt. 1999. PTA1 Helium Pressurization System Model. Sverdrup Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990092483
• Steadman, Todd, Alok Majumdar, and Kimberly Holt. 2001. “Numerical Modeling of Helium Pressurization System of Propulsion Test Article (PTA).” In The Tenth Thermal and Fluids Analysis Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020050416
• Stecher, T. P. 1965. The Reflectivity of Jupiter in the Ultraviolet. X-613-64-391. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660028678
• Stecher, Theodore P. 1970. “Photoelectric Rocket Spectra at 10 Å Resolution.” In Ultraviolet Stellar Spectra and Related Ground-Based Observations. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3293-3_27
• Stechman, R. 1984. “Bipropellant Rocket Engines: Experience at Thrust Levels for Station-Keeping and Attitude Control.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1231
• Stechman, R., and C. Drenning. 1981. “Qualification Test Results, 5 Lb/f/ /22 Newton/ Earth Storable Bipropellant Rocket Engine.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1408. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1408
• Steeves, R., R. Ammons, and J. Hedberg. 1973. “Open-Loop Tracking of Moving Targets with an Aerobee Sounding Rocket.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-302
• Steinberg, S., B. Uselton, and P. Siemers III. 1972. “Viking Configuration Pitch Damping Derivatives as Influenced by Support Interference and Test Technique at Transonic and Supersonic Speeds.” In 7th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1972-1012. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1012
• Stepanov, Nikita, Victor Sergeev, Maria Shukhtina, Yasunobu Ogawa, and Xiangning Chu. 2021. “Electron Density and Conductance in the Auroral Ionosphere during Substorms. Influence of Solar Wind and Plasma Sheet State.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10509107.1
• Stephan, Andrew. 2009. Operational SSULI Algorithm for Dayside Ionosphere HmF2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada531094
• Stephen, Eric J., Gregg Abate, Thomas E. McLaughlin, et al. 2019a. “Investigation of Mach Number Effects on the Aerodynamic Loading of an Articulating Nose Cone Missile.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3166. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3166
• Stephen, Eric J., Gregg Abate, Thomas E. McLaughlin, et al. 2019b. “Investigation of Mach Number Effects on the Aerodynamic Loading on an Articulating Nose Cone Missile.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0599. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0599
• Stephen, Eric J., Thomas E. McLaughlin, Brett Bixler, Benjamin Dickinson, and Joshua Turner. 2019c. “Investigation of Nose Cone Enhancement to Improve the Effectiveness of an Articulating Nose Cone on a Subsonic Missile.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3165. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3165
• Stephens, J. R., and W. Cartagena. 2015. Liquid Hydrogen Propellant Tank Sub-Surface Pressurization with Gaseous Helium. M15-4383. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150016269
• Steppert, Michael, and Philipp Epple. 2017. “Numerical Investigation of the Drag of Rockets at Subsonic, Transonic and Supersonic Speeds.” In Volume 7: Fluids Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71872
• Sterhardt, J. A. 1965. NASA Sounding Rocket Program: Summary of Sounding Rocket Flights. NASA-TM-X-55429. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660011698
• Stern, Alan S. 1996. EUVS Sounding Rocket Payload. NASA-CR-205488. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980025532
• Stern, Alan. 2010. “Microgravity and Other Research Applications Using the Emerging Human Suborbital Vehicles.” In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2010-568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-568
• Sterne, T. E. 1958. “Density of the Upper Atmosphere.” Science 128 (3321): 420–420. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.128.3321.420
• Sternfeld, H. 1972. “Effect of Injection Velocity Ratio and Combustion Chamber Pressure on Experimental Performance of Throttleable LO2/GH2-Rocket Engines with Coaxial Injectors.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1079. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1079
• Sternfeld, H. 1978. “Heat-Transfer Coefficients in Liquid Rocket Engines with Thrust Variation.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1033
• Stevens, F., T. On, and T. Clare. 1974. “Wrap-around vs. Cruciform Fins: Effects on Rocket Flight Performance.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-777
• Stever, H., and Myron Uman. 1989. “Some Lessons Learned from the Redesign of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster.” In Maintainablity of Aerospace Systems Symposium. AIAA 1989-5040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-5040
• Stewart, K. 1981. “The Attitude Determination and Control System for the Solar Mesosphere Explorer Satellite.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1809. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1809
• Stewart, Christine E. 2013. “Spacecraft Parachute Recovery System Testing from a Failure Rate Perspective.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140003545
• Stewart, Mark. 2017. “Pressurization of a Flightweight, Liquid Hydrogen Tank: Evaporation & Condensation at the Liquid/Vapor Interface.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4916. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4916
• Stewart, Mark E. M., and Jeffrey P. Moder. 2016. “Self-Pressurization of a Flightweight, Liquid Hydrogen Tank: Simulation and Comparison with Experiments.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170001292
• Stewart, D., K. C. Tang, Sunhee Yoo, Quinn Brewster, and Igor Kuznetsov. 2005. “Multi-Scale Modeling of Solid Rocket Motors: Time Integration Methods from Computational Aerodynamics Applied to Stable Quasi-Steady Motor Burning.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-357. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-357
• Stickler, Patrick B., and Peter C. Keller. 1998. “Design, Fabrication and Test of a Liquid Hydrogen Titanium Honeycomb Cryogenic Test Tank for Use as a Reusable Launch Vehicle Main Propellant Tank.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 420. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.54717
• Stippes, M. 1962. Analysis of Missile Launchers. Part r. Approximate Formulas for Pitch Velocity at Tip-off. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0285042
• Stoia-Djeska, Marius, and Florin Mingireanu. 2010. “A Computational Fluid Dynamics Based Stability Analysis for Hybrid Rocket Motor Combustion.” In 16th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 2010-3909. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-3909
• Stojanović, Marijana, Aleksandar Stefanović, Nebojša Jovičić, and Ivan Marić. 2024. “Testing the Roll Stabilization of a Supersonic Surface-to-Air Guided Missile.” In 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies - OTEX 2024 - zbornik radova. Military Technical Institute, Belgrade. https://doi.org/10.5937/oteh24053s
• Stojkovic, Branko, and Jonathan Brown. 2024. “Emergency Solid Rocket Booster.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-3804. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3804
• Stojković, Srđan, and Nikola Gligorijević. 2024. “Effect of Erosive Burning in Rocket Motor on the Ballistics of Rocket Flight.” In 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies - OTEX 2024 - zbornik radova. Military Technical Institute, Belgrade. https://doi.org/10.5937/oteh24033s
• Stoker, J. 1964. “Use of Stress Relaxation Tests to Characterize Time Dependencies of a Composite Solid Propellant.” In Solid Propellant Rocket Conference. AIAA 1964-131. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-131
• Stolovy, A., A. I. Namenson, and J. M. Kidd. 1990. Solid Rocket Propellant Initiation via Particle Beam Heating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada221900
• Stone, David G. 1953. A Collection of Data for Zero-Lift Damping in Roll of Wing-Body Combinations as Determined with Rocket-Powered Models Equipped with Roll-Torque Nozzles. NACA-RM-L53E26. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930087618
• Stone, David G. 1957. A Collection of Data for Zero-Lift Damping in Roll of Wing-Body Combinations as Determined with Rocket-Powered Models Equipped with Roll-Torque Nozzles. NACA-TN-3955. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084681
• Stone, G. 1966. “The Magnust Instability of a Sounding Rocket.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-62. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-62
• Stone, Thom, Marcus Murbach, Richard Alena, and Ray Gilstrap. 2015. “SOAREX-8 Suborbital Experiments 2015: A New Paradigm for Small Spacecraft Communication.” In Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190025158
• Stone, David G., and Carl A. Sandahl. 1951. A Comparison of Two Techniques Utilizing Rocket-Propelled Vehicles for the Determination of the Damping-in-Roll Derivative. NACA-RM-L51A16. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086656
• Storey, J. R. 1959. “Latitude Dependence of a Forbush-Type Cosmic-Ray Intensity Decrease Observed at Aircraft Altitude.” Physical Review 113 (1): 302–4. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.113.302
• Storey, Jedediah M., and Daniel R. Kirk. n.d. “Principles of Fluid Dynamic Similarity Analysis for Slosh Experiments.” In 46th Annual AAS Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240000972
• Stouffer, C. G. 1979. Transition of Sounding-Rocket Experiments to Shuttle/Spacelab. AIAA PAPER 79-0490. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041744
• Stout, Perry, and S. Snell. 1999. “Multiple on-off Solenoid Valve Control for a Launch Vehicle Propellant Tank Pressurization System.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-4085. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4085
• Stower, Geovian. 2025. Design and Analysis of a Vacuum Rocket Launch System for High-Altitude Orbital Insertion. https://doi.org/10.52202/080559-0018
• Strand, L., and N. Cohen. 1989. “Erosive Burning Threshold Conditions in Solid Rocket Motors.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2528. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2528
• Strand, L., M. Jones, R. Ray, and N. Cohen. 1994. “Characterization of Hybrid Rocket Internal Heat Flux and HTPB Fuel Pyrolysis.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-2876. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2876
• Strand, L., R. Ray, F. Anderson, and N. Cohen. 1992. “Hybrid Rocket Fuel Combustion and Regression Rate Study.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3302
• Strand, L., R. Ray, and N. Cohen. 1993. “Hybrid Rocket Combustion Study.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2412
• Strauss, Robert F. 1964. Monitoring of Rocket Engine Performance by Spectroscopic Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0609492
• “Streamlining the Design of Neutral Burning Solid Rocket Motors: A Gui-Driven Computational Approach.” 2025. In Ballistics 2025. Destech Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.12783/ballistics25/37129
• Strelnikov, Boris, Markus Rapp, and Franz-Josef Lübkin. 2013. “In-Situ Density Measurements in the Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Region with the TOTAL and CONE Instruments.” In TERRAPUB eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5047/aisi.001
• Strelnikov, Boris, and sounding rocket project Pmwe Team. 2021. PMWE Creation Mechanism Inferred from Sounding Rocket Measurements. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu21-4186
• Striapan, Sofiia. 2026. “Engineering Specifics of Ultralight Suborbital Rockets.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/3083-7057-2026-1-043
• Strickland, J., G. Homicz, A. Gossler, and V. Porter. 2001. “On the Development of a Gridless Inflation Code for Parachute Simulations.” In 16th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2001-2000. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2000
• Strickland, R., Jr., and J. Shigemoto. 1979. “Computerized Real Time Sounding Rocket Control.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-496. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-496
• Strobl, William. 1989. “The Advanced Launch System (ALS): The Low Cost Approach to Satisfy Space Users’ Needs.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2746
• Stroud, W. G. 1975. “The Early Scientific History of the Rocket-Grenade Experiment.” In International Astronautical Federation. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750061794
• Stroud, W. G., W. Nordberg, W. R. Bandeen, F. L. Bartman, and P. Titus. 1960. “Rocket-Grenade Measurements of Temperatures and Winds in the Mesosphere over Churchill, Canada.” Journal of Geophysical Research 65 (8): 2307–23. https://doi.org/10.1029/jz065i008p02307
• Stubbs, V. R. 1970. Investigation of Advanced Regenerative Thrust Chamber Designs Final Report. NASA-CR-72742. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710004660
• Stubbs, V. R. 1972. A Graphite-Lined Regeneratively Cooled Thrust Chamber. NASA-CR-120853. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720024128
• Stuber, Eric, Nishant Prasadh, Stephen Edwards, and Dimitri Mavris. 2012. “Hydrocarbon Liquid Rocket Engine Technology Impact Forecasting.” In AIAA SPACE 2012 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2012-5155. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5155
• Stude, Joan, Heinfried Aufmhoff, Hans Schlager, Markus Rapp, Frank Arnold, and Boris Strelnikov. 2021. “A Novel Rocket-Borne Ion Mass Spectrometer with Large Mass Range: Instrument Description and First-Flight Results.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 14 (2): 983–93. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-14-983-2021
• Stude, Joan, Heinfried Aufmhoff, Hans Schlager, et al. 2024. “Measurement Report: Rocket-Borne Measurements of Heavy Ions in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere – Detection of Meteor Smoke Particles.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1631
• Stude, Joan, Heinfried Aufmhoff, Hans Schlager, et al. 2025. “Measurement Report: Rocket-Borne Measurements of Large Ions in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere – Detection of Meteor Smoke Particles.” Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 25 (1): 383–96. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-25-383-2025
• Study of Solid Rocket Motor for Space Shuttle Booster, Volume 2, Book 5, Appendices E Thru H. 1972a. NASA-CR-123730. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730016074
• Study of Solid Rocket Motors for a Space Shuttle Booster. Appendix C: Recovery and Reuse 120-Inch Diameter Solid Rocket Motor Boosters. 1972b. NASA-CR-123622. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720015138
• Study of Solid Rocket Motors for a Space Shuttle Booster. Appendix D: Recovery and Reuse 156-Inch Diameter Solid Rocket Motor Booster. 1972c. NASA-CR-123625. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720015139
• Study of Winds, Diffusion, and Expansion of Gases in the Upper Atmosphere Final Report. 1963. NASA-CR-70506. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660009800
• “Study on Critical Parachute Opening Speed Based on Air Resistance.” 2024. Academic Journal of Engineering and Technology Science 7 (5). https://doi.org/10.25236/ajets.2024.070505
• Sturek, Walter B., Lyle D. Kayser, and Donald C. Mylin. 1983. Boundary-Layer Trip Effectiveness and Computations of Aerodynamic Heating for XM797 Nose-Tip Configurations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada128036
• Stützer, Robert G., Jakob Balkenhohl, Felix Lauck, Michael Oschwald, and Stefan Schlechtriem. 2022. “Hypergolic Reaction between Green Ionic Liquid Emim Scn and Hydrogen Peroxide in Lab-Scale Drop Test Chamber.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 21 (1): 87–100. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2021038219
• Su, Lichao. 2017. “Compartmental Tank Propellant Management System Design and Operation for Hypersonic Vehicle.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2297
• Subliming Solid Control Rocket, Phase I Final Report. 1967. NASA-CR-711. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670010566
• Suchy, Kurt, and Karl Rawer. 1986. Improvements in Empirical Modelling of the World-Wide Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada187051
• Sudiana, Oka. 2020. “Roll Amplification of Solid Rocket Motor in LAPAN Sounding Rocket.” Jurnal Teknologi Dirgantara 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.30536/j.jtd.2020.v18.a3351
• Sugimura, Takashi. 1978. Monte Carlo Simulation of Negative Ion Collection by a Rocket-Borne Mass Spectrometer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada057070
• Sugur, V. S. 1983. “Problems in Storage and Handling of Red Fuming Nitric Acid.” Defence Science Journal 33 (4): 331–37. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.33.6188
• Suit, Kenneth, John Kiker, and James Hinson. 1964. “Landing Rocket: Gliding Parachute Landing Systems for Manned Spacecraft.” In Entry Technology Conference. AIAA 1964-1304. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1304
• Suliga, Agnieszka, Orcun Ergincan, and Riccardo Rampini. 2020. “A New Dynamic Outgassing Procedure to Predict Reemission and Deposition Values of Contaminants.” In Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2020, edited by Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge, Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568022
• Sullivan, B., M. Stick, and R. McInerney. 1977a. “Attitude Determination Techniques for a Flight Controlled Scanning Rocket.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1036. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1036
• Sumanik, Spencer. n.d. “Sounding Rocket Roll Control through DBD Plasma Actuator Boundary Layer Control.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2018-12691
• Sumanik, Spencer R., and Jason Etele. 2017. “Sounding Rocket Roll Control through DBD Plasma Actuated Boundary Layer Control.” In 21st AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonics Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-2399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-2399
• Sumathi, R., and M. Usha. 2014. “Pitch and Yaw Attitude Control of a Rocket Engine Using Hybrid Fuzzy- PID Controller.” Open Automation and Control Systems Journal 6 (1): 29–39. https://doi.org/10.2174/1874444301406010029
• Summanen, T., E. Kyrölä, R. Lallement, and J. L. Bertaux. 1992. “The Latitudinal Dependence of the Solar Ionization Rate as Deduced from the PROGNOZ-6 Lyman-Alpha Measurements.” In Solar Wind Seven. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042049-3.50063-6
• Summerer, Leopold, Bernhard Putz, Peter Kopacek, and Nobuyuki Kaya. 2006. “First Results of Robots Crawling on a Loose Net in Microgravity during a Sounding Rocket Experiment.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c3.3.05
• Summerfield, Martin. 1951a. Project SQUID: A Theory of Unstable Combustion in Liquid Propellant Rocket Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada952489
• Summerfield, Martin. 1960a. “G. the Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In Liquid Propellant Rockets. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400879953-005
• Sun, Zhong-Yuan. 1991. “Soft x-Ray Source for Space Astronomy Studies.” In Optical Society of America Annual Meeting. Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/oam.1991.mp6
• Sun, Xiaoliang, Hu Ma, and Jing Li. 2024a. “Non-Geodesic Winding Design Method for the Composite Shell of Unequal-Pole-Hole Solid Rocket Motor.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2764 (1): 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2764/1/012023
• Sun, Ao, Qinglin Niu, and Shikui Dong. 2024b. “Spectral Feature Extraction of Rocket Exhaust Plume Using Spectral Proper Orthogonal Decomposition.” Physics of Fluids 36 (3): 035172. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0200576
• Sun, Lilin, Guotai Qin, and Guangwu Zhu. 2012. “Variations of Thermosphere Density Based on Joint Analysis of in-Situ Measurement Data from Shenzhou Spacecrafts.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 32 (2): 216. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2012.02.216
• Sun, Changgeng, and Shaokun Tang. 2020. “Hypergolic Ionic Liquid–Ethanol Mixtures for Lower Viscosity and Shorter Ignition Delay: Experimental and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.” Energy & Fuels 34 (2): 2584–89. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b04050
• Sundar, H. 1978. “Validity of Axis Transfer Technique for Pitch Damping Measurements.” In 10th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1978-833. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-833
• Sundar, B., T. V. Radhakrishnan, George Joseph, and A. K. Verma. 2023. “Effect of Aerodynamic Heating on Separation Mechanism Used in Rockets and Need of Thermal Protection for Such Structures.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 30–36. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v55i1.2003.855
• Sundberg, W. 1975. “Finite-Element Modeling of Parachute Deployment and Inflation.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1380. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1380
• Sundén, Bengt, and Juan Fu. 2017. “Aerodynamic Heating.” In Heat Transfer in Aerospace Applications. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-809760-1.00003-x
• Sung, D. K. 2004. “Combustion Instability of Liquid Rocket Engines.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 32 (9): 153–61. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2004.32.9.153
• Sung, Hong-Gye, Yoon-Gon Kim, Jong Kim, Tae-Ho Lee, and Beom Kim. 1992. “Numerical and Experimental Studies of Rocket Exhaust Flow in Rocket Launch Tube.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3605. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3605
• “Supercritical Evaporation and Combustion of Liquid Oxygen in an Axisymmetric Configuration.” 1996. In Recent Advances in Spray Combustion: Spray Atomization and Drop Burning Phenomena. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866418.0439.0480
• Surlan, B., and S. Segan. 2009. “TD-88Up: Upgraded Neutral Earth’s Thermosphere Total Density TD-88 Model.” Serbian Astronomical Journal, no. 178: 57–63. https://doi.org/10.2298/saj0978057s
• “Survey of Rocket Propellants and Their Combustion Characteristics.” 1984. In Fundamentals of Solid-Propellant Combustion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865671.0001.0052
• Sutisno, Sutisno, and Andreas Prasetya Adi. 2012. “Vibration Disturbance Damping System Design to Protect Payload of the Rocket.” Journal of Mechatronics, Electrical Power, and Vehicular Technology 3 (2): 111–16. https://doi.org/10.14203/j.mev.2012.v3.111-116
• Sutton, George P. 1968. “Rocket Classifications, Liquid Propellant Rockets, Engine Selection, and Heat Transfer.” In Applied Physics and Engineering. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46109-5_5
• Sutton, R. D. 1970. Propellant Spray Combustion Processes during Stable and Unstable Liquid Rocket Combustion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0722473
• Svorcan, Jelena, Toni Ivanov, Ognjen Peković, and Aleksandar Simonović. 2024. “Computing Aerodynamic Damping in Roll and Pitch of a Supersonic Finner Model.” In 11th International Scientific Conference on Defensive Technologies - OTEX 2024 - zbornik radova. Military Technical Institute, Belgrade. https://doi.org/10.5937/oteh24005s
• Swanson, Andrew G. 1959. A Five-Stage Solid-Fuel Sounding-Rocket System. NASA-MEMO-3-6-59L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980230606
• Swanson, Robert N. 1962. Low Level Wind Measurements for Ballistic Application. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0271082
• Swartz, Marvin, Charles E. Condor, Joseph M. Davila, et al. 1999. The SERTS-97 Rocket Experiment on Study Activity on the Sun: Flight 36.167-GS on 1997 November 18. NASA/TP-1998-208640. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990053571
• Swindell, Tanner G., Thomas E. Sammet, and Eric L. Petersen. 2025. “Burning Rate of AP/HTPB-Based Solid Rocket Propellants Containing Metal-Organic Framework Additives.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2479
• Szklany, Steven, and John L. Crassidis. 2023. “Magnetometer-Based Attitude Determination Using Common-Frame Filtering with Unobservable Parameter Consideration.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2316. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2316
• Szklarski, Adrian, Robert Głębocki, and Mariusz Jacewicz. 2020. “Impact point prediction guidance parametric study for 155 mm rocket assisted artillery projectile with lateral thrusters.” Archive of Mechanical Engineering: 31–56. https://doi.org/10.24425/ame.2020.131682
• Szuszczewicz, E. P. 1972. Transition Region Response of the Symmetric Double Probe and Its Application in the Lower Ionosphere. NASA-TM-X-66013. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720024750
• Szuszczewicz, E. P. 1973. “First Measurements of Electron Temperature in the D Region with a Symmetric Double Probe.” Journal of Geophysical Research 78. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740029907
• TabeJamaat, Sadegh, and Mohammad Pezeshki. 2004. “Numerical Study of Expansion in a Nozzle of Rocket Considering Chemical Reaction.” In 37th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2004-2374. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2374
• Tackett, C. D. 1965a. Compilation of Calibration Curves for Aerobee 350 Flight 17.01 Gt. NASA-TM-X-63168. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680070667
• Tackett, C. B. 1965b. Sweden Operations, 1962. NASA-TM-X-55174. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650009357
• Tackett, C. D. 1968. Aerobee 350 Rocket Instrumentation. NASA-TM-X-63156. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680012351
• Taeger, Yaro, Allen Witkowski, and Mike Kandis. 2007. “Mars Phoenix Scout Parachute Canopy Structural Test Peak Load Prediction Technique.” In 19th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2007-2566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2566
• Taguchi, Masato, Koichi Mori, and Masashi Kashitani. 2021. “Frequency Analysis on Canopy Motion and Shock Wave Oscillation around a Hemispherical Wind Tunnel Model of Supersonic Parachute.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0612. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0612
• Taguchi, Masato, Koichi Mori, Keiichi Kitamura, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2015. “Experimental Investigations of Aerodynamic Heating Induced by Single and Double Side-Jet on a Blunted Cone.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1699. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1699
• Tahsini, AmirMahdi. 2007a. “Ignition Transient Simulation in Solid Propellant Rocket Motors.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1419. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1419
• Tahsini, AmirMahdi. 2007b. “Non-Steady Burning Effect on Solid Rocket Motor Performance.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-777
• Tahsini, AmirMahdi, and K. Mazaheri. 2006. “Swirl Effects on Spinning Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Performance.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4781. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4781
• Tajima, Y. A. 1965. Mechanism of Catalytic Ignition and Combustion of Solid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0472135
• Takabayashi, K., K. Fukumoto, and K. Kitamura. 2019. “Computational Study on Rigid Disk-Gap-Band Supersonic Parachute Aerodynamics.” In 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 2. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91017-8_129
• Takahashi, Masayuki, and Naofumi Ohnishi. 2019. “Numerical Study of Discharge and Thrust Generation in a Microwave Rocket.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1242. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1242
• Takahashi, Yusuke, Kazuhiko Yamada, Takashi Abe, and Kojiro Suzuki. 2013. “Aerodynamic Heating around an Inflatable Vehicle during a Reentry Demonstration Flight by a Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1303. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1303
• Takaki, Naoto, Yo Kawabata, and Enjin Space Engineering Team. 2022. “Small Hybrid Rocket Launch Experiment at Fukuoka University.” Proceedings of the Space Engineering Conference 2021.30 (0): A21. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmesec.2021.30.a21
• Takano, M., Takashi Watanabe, and Masatoshi Nakamura. 1990. “Rocket Measurements of O2 Atmospheric (0-0) and OH Meinel Bands in the Night Airglow.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 42 (10): 1193–1208. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.42.1193
• Takeda, A., K. Mori, Y. Nishioka, et al. 2020. “Development of on-Chip Pattern Processing in Event-Driven SOI Pixel Detector for X-Ray Astronomy with Background Rejection Purpose.” Journal of Instrumentation 15 (12): P12025-P12025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/15/12/p12025
• Takeuchi, Shinsuke. 2003. “Deployment Experiment of Solar Sail Using Sounding Rocket.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-i.1.08
• Takeya, Yoshio, and Takaaki Okumoto. 1959. “A Method for Obtaining the Atmospheric Temperature and Wind from Sound Propagation in the Rocket Sounding.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 10 (3): 118–25. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.10.118
• Taki, Tomoe, Tima Sergienko, Urban Brändström, Yasunobu Ogawa, Sota Nanjo, and Juan Araújo. 2026. “Electric Fields in and around an Auroral Arc and the Inferred Current System from the BROR Sounding Rocket Experiment.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-1133
• Takovitskii, Sergey. 2020. “Axisymmetric Forebodies Having Minimum Drag in Supersonic Flow.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3120. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3120
• Talley, Doug. 2002. Progress in Pulsed Detonation Rocket Engines at AFRL-West. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada410766
• Tam, Walter, Ian Ballinger, and Don Jaekle. 2008. “Propellant Tank with Surface Tension PMD for Tight Center-of-Mass Propellant Control.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4942. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4942
• Tam, Walter, Michael Debreceni, Michael Hersh, and Charles Nye. 1999. “Low Cost Derivative Tanks for Spacecraft and Launch Vehicles.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2831. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2831
• Tam, W., and P. Griffin. 2002. “Design and Manufacture of a Composite Overwrapped Pressurant Tank Assembly.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4349. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4349
• Tam, Walter, Jim Taylor, Walter Tam, and Jim Taylor. 1997. “Design and Manufacture of a Propellant Tank Assembly.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-2813. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2813
• Tamang, Mohan. 2025. Developing a Cost Effective Launch Solutions with Hybrid Rocket Engines. https://doi.org/10.52202/083092-0069
• Tan, Jun Xiang, Wang Ming-Hao, Yu-Chun Peng, et al. 2024. “Asfaloth Sounding Rocket: Preliminary Launch-Site Ground-Wind Analysis and Implications on Launch Rail Design.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4881. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4881
• Tanaka, Y. 1981. “Future Programme of X-Ray Astronomy in Japan.” In X-Ray Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-9949-3_80
• Tanaka, Yasuo. 1989. “X-Ray Observation of SN1987A from Ginga.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0965-6_26
• Tanaka, Masafumi. 2014. “Dual-Mode Combustion Characteristic of a Self-Quenched Solid Propellant in a Rocket Motor.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3496. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3496
• Tanaka, Masafumi, Guillaume Gaspard, and Katsuya Urakawa. 2010. “Combustion-Characteristic-Based Active Thrust Modulation of a Solid Rocket Motor.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 8 (ists27): Pa_1-Pa_5. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.8.pa_1
• Tang, Jun, Dengpan Yang, and Mingfei Ding. 2023. “Forecasting Ionospheric foF2 Using Bidirectional LSTM and Attention Mechanism.” Space Weather 21 (11): e2023SW003508. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003508
• Tannehill, John Charles. n.d. “Numerical Computation of Intermediate Altitude Rocket Exhaust Plumes, Including Nonequilibrium Chemical Reactions and Diffusion.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-17530
• Tanygin, Sergei. 2008. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination from Imagery.” In AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7207
• Tao, Liu, Kou Chao, Ma Li, Yang Jing, Wang Yuchao, and Zhao Yu. 2021. “Research on Accurate Impact Point Prediction Methods of Heavy Rocket Debris.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1754 (1): 012181. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1754/1/012181
• Tao, Yang, Zhaolin Fan, Jifei Wu, and Wenhua Wu. 2010. “Investigation on Stability in Roll of Square Section Missile at High Angle of Attack.” Modern Physics Letters B 24 (13): 1385–88. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984910023682
• Tao, Wenwen, Ru Wang, Liang Zhang, and Runge Pi. 2026. “Research on a Rocket Projectile Impact Point Prediction Model Based on Improved Proportional Navigation Guidance Law.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2026-99-1602
• Tao, Yu, Yang Yu, Yunfei Mao, Yi-Lung Yang, and Shaonan Xu. 2023. “Comparative Study of OpenFOAM Solvers on Separation Pattern and Separation Pattern Transition in Overexpanded Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 16 (11). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.16.11.1751
• Tardy, Nathan, and Brett Lougheed. 2025. “DART: A Small-Scale Demonstrator for Rapid and Precise Rocket Payload Delivery.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-97904. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-97904
• Tarshis, T., and G. Sakoda. 1979. “A Second Generation Sun Sensor for Sounding Rocket Applications.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-498. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-498
• Tarzwell, J. 1970. “The Churchill Research Range Auroral Launcher Facility.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1391. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1391
• Tarzwell, J., and R. Colley. 1979. “Remote Site Rocket operationsCanadian Network of Rocket Launch Sites and Observation Stations.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-517. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-517
• Tassa, Yehuda, Prasad Gogineni, and Helen Kirch. 1989. “Rocket Exhaust Plume/air Interaction at High Altitude via Navier-Stokes Solver.” In 24th Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 1989-1767. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1767
• Tata, S. Rao, Kuniaki Shoji, Kiyokazu Minami, and Shigeo Mita. 2007. “On Estimation of Roll Damping at Resonance Using Parametric Identification Technique and Free Roll.” Journal of Japan Institute of Navigation 116 (0): 115–19. https://doi.org/10.9749/jin.116.115
• Tatsuta, Hibiki, Yasunori Nagata, Kazuhiko Yamada, and Asei Tezuka. 2025. “Aerothermal Environment Prediction of Reentry Capsule with Deployable Aeroshell in Suborbital Reentry Flight Test.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0644. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0644
• Tavares, Guilherme Castrignano, and Giovani Ceotto. 2021. “Injector and Combustion Chamber Design for a Nitrous Oxide and Ethanol Rocket Engine.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/bjm68
• Tayefi, Morteza, Ghasem Kahe, and Mojtaba Mehrafrooz. 2019. “Investigation of MEMS IMU Performance in Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Space Science and Technology 12 (4): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.30699/jsst.2020.1161
• Taylor, M. 1968. “Heat-Transfer Predictions in the Cooling Passages of Nuclear Rocket Nozzles.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-608
• Taylor, M. 1970. “Applications of Variable Property Heat-Transfer and Friction Equations to Rocket Nozzle Coolant Passages and Comparison with Nuclear Rocket Test Results.” In 6th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1970-661. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-661
• Taylor, W. 1986. “Multi-Spectral Measurements Program and Guiding a Rocket to Hover.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2512. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2512
• Taylor, Greg. 2014. Thermospheric Neutral Wind Measurement Using the LWA1 and the AFRL Digisonde. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada612722
• Taylor, A., L. Jackson, and J. Cerro. 1984. “An Analytical Study of Reusable Flight-Weight Cryogenic Propellant Tank Designs.” In 25th Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1984-865. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-865
• Taylor, A., and Erin Murphy. 2005. “The DCLDYN Parachute Inflation and Trajectory Analysis Tool: An Overview.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1624
• Tcherak, Anis, Hakim Kbab, Abdelkrim Haddad, and Omar Abada. 2026. “Numerical Investigation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in an Elliptical Dual-Bell Rocket Nozzle Using Shock Vector Control.” Technical Physics 71 (8): 661–71. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784226600542
• Teague, Warfield, Thomas Jennings, Ann Wright, and Andrew Wright. 2002. “UV Spectroscopic Monitoring of Rocket Motor Combustion Efficiency.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3868. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3868
• “A Technical History of Space Launch Vehicles.” 2022. In Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106422.0037.0146
• “A Technology and Operations Assessment of Single Stage Rocket Technology Flight Test Program Results.” 1993. In Space Programs and Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-4163. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4163
• Tegart, J., R. Berry, L. Demchak, and M. Craig. 1981. “Measurement of Forces Due to Liquid Motion in a Propellant Tank.” In 22nd Structures, Structural Dynamics and Materials Conference. AIAA 1981-566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-566
• Teia, Luis. 2025. “Cascade Tank Pressurization Method for Satellite-Delivering Rockets.” Applied Physics Research 17 (2): 40. https://doi.org/10.5539/apr.v17n2p40
• Teissier, Alain, and Cecile Bass. 1995. “Liquid Helium Storage for Ariane 5 Main Stage Oxygen Tank Pressurization.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2956. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2956
• Tekleab, M., and W. Guggenberger. 2013. “Cylindrical Shells under Axial Compression and Simultaneous Internal Pressure: Buckling Mechanics and EN-Conforming Design Proposal.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Application. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15684-59
• Tekure, Veeresh, Pratik Shrikant Pophali, and K. Venkatasubbaiah. 2021. “Numerical Investigation of Aerospike Semi-Cone Angle and a Small Bump on the Spike Stem in Reducing the Aerodynamic Drag and Heating of Spiked Blunt-Body: New Correlations for Drag and Surface Temperature.” Physics of Fluids 33 (11): 116108. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0066028
• Tellier, G. F. 1964. Rocket Engine Valve Poppet and Seat Design Data. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0600420
• Tempelman, W. 1972. “Equations of Motion for the Variable Mass Flow-Variable Exhaust Velocity Rocket.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1972-912. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-912
• “Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” 1904. Monthly Weather Review 32 (7): 328–328. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1904)32<328a:totua>2.0.co;2
• “Temperatures in the Upper Atmosphere.” 1989. In Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511573118.007
• Terashima, Hiroshi, and Yu Daimon. 2016. “Generations of Unstable Combustion in a Non-Premixed GCH4/GOX Rocket Injector.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4894. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4894
• Terhardt, M., G. Hagemann, and M. Frey. 2001. “Flow Separation and Side-Load Behavior of Truncated Ideal Rocket Nozzles.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3686. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3686
• Terhune, R., M. Hollis, and E. Vazquez. 2011. Extending Fin Concept for a 105-Mm Fin Stabilized Projectile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada541684
• “The Terrestrial Upper Atmosphere.” 1998. In Physics of the Space Environment. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511529474.009
• Tesema, Fasil, Noora Partamies, Daniel K. Whiter, and Yasunobu Ogawa. 2021. “Types of Pulsating Aurora: Comparison of Model and EISCAT Electron Density Observations.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2021-16
• Tesny, Erin M., and Daniel M. Hauser. 2019. “Thermal Modeling of Zero Boil off Tank Experiment.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4280
• Tetervin, Neal. 1963. Approximate Analysis of Effect on Drag of Truncating the Conical Nose of a Body of Revolution in Supersonic Flow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0400708
• “Tether Dynamics Investigations for the Canadian OEDIPUS Sounding Rocket Program.” 1992. In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4672. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4672
• Tewari, Ashish. 2016. “Rocket Flight.” In Basic Flight Mechanics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30022-1_7
• Thapa, Rabin. 2023. “Evolution in Propellant of the Rocket Engine.” Journal of Materials Physics and Chemistry 11 (1): 8–21. https://doi.org/10.12691/jmpc-11-1-2
• Theile, B. 1979. “A Sounding Rocket Campaign for Studying Heat Deposition into the Ionosphere during Substorm Events.” In COSPAR: Space Research. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-023417-5.50055-7
• Theodoulis, Spilios, Yannick Morel, and Philippe Wernert. 2009. “Trajectory-Based Accurate Linearization of the 155mm Spin-Stabilized Projectile Dynamics.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2009-6236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6236
• “Theoretical Aspects of Plasma Structure Creation Associated with Rocket Burn and Launch.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-22
• “A Theoretical Study of the Burning of a Solid Propellant Sandwich.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0207.0226
• “A Theory of Oscillatory Burning of Solid Propellants Assuming a Constant Surface Temperature.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0375.0391
• “Thermodynamic Power Cycles for Pump-Fed Liquid Rocket Engines.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0621.0648
• Thiemann, Edward M. B., Janet L. Machol, Robert Sewell, Dolon Bhattacharyya, and Christian Bethge. 2025. Exosphere and Thermosphere Density Measurements from GOES for Space Weather Operations. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-13196
• Thirkill, J. 1975. “Solid Rocket Motor for the Space Shuttle Booster.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1170. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1170
• Thivent, Florian. 2024. Generic Flight Termination Architecture for Launchers- Tailoring the Design Based on Flight-Proven Building Blocks. https://doi.org/10.52202/078373-0045
• Thomas, Nicholas E. n.d. “The DXL Mission and X-Ray Astronomy on a Sounding Rocket.” In Astronomy on Tap Rocket City. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220006131
• Thomas, Roger J. 1975. “Solar Activity Observed in X-Rays and the EUV from OSO 7.” In Solar Gamma-, X-, and EUV Radiation. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1802-9_4
• Thomas, Randy. 1999. “Design and Development of a Small Universal Sounding Rocket Recovery System.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1711. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1711
• Thomas, Roger J. 2003. Solar Imaging UV/EUV Spectrometers Using TVLS Gratings. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030053159
• Thomas, N. L., and D. M. Chisel. 1976. Optical Tools and Techniques for Aligning Solar Payloads with the SPARCS Control System. Lockheed Missiles and Space Co., Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052311
• Thomas, Roger J., and Donald M. Hassler. 2004. Optical Design of the RAISE Sounding Rocket Instrument. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040074224
• Thomas, Roger J., Charles C. Kankelborg, and Richard R. Fisher. 2001. Optical Design of the MOSES Sounding Rocket Experiment. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020015527
• Thomas, Neethal, Antti Kero, and Ilkka Virtanen. 2023. Study of D Region Ionosphere Using Incoherent Scatter Radar Measurements. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-12698
• Thomas, Roger J., and Werner M. Neupert. 1994. “Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrum of a Solar Active Region from SERTS.” Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series 91 (1). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950038808
• Thomas, Roger J., and William Oegerle. 2002. Toroidal Varied-Line Space (TVLS) Gratings. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020071039
• Thomas, Thomas, and Lauren Simitz. 2024. “Experimental Characterization of Thrust for ≤ 20 N-s Impulse Solid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Emerging Investigators. https://doi.org/10.59720/23-229
• Thomas, Anna, Keith Javier Stober, Raja Al Otaibi, et al. 2016. “Ignition Delay Testing of Various Hypergolic Ionic Liquids and Oxidizers.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4782. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4782
• Thomas, Anna E., Keith J. Stober, and Brian J. Cantwell. 2017. “Hypergolic Ionic Liquids: Ignition Delay Dependence on Pressure.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-5070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5070
• Thomas, Randy, and Randy Thomas. 1997. “Design, Fabrication, Packing and Testing of the Arim-1 Sounding Rocket Recovery System.” In 14th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1997-1531. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1531
• Thomas, Randy, and David Thomas. 2008. “Design Analysis of an Aircraft Parachute Recovery System for Very Light Jets.” In The 26th Congress of ICAS and 8th AIAA ATIO. AIAA 2008-8949. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-8949
• Thomason, H. 1973. “Space Shuttle System Solid Rocket Booster.” In Joint Space Mission Planning and Execution Meeting. AIAA 1973-606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-606
• Thomassin, Jerome. 2013. “PAROR System: Payload Recovery System for Balloon Experiments.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1310
• Thompson, Tim. 1999. “AEDC Simulated Altitude Rocket Test Capabilities.” In Space Technology Conference and Exposition. AIAA 1999-4543. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4543
• Thompson, Andrew A. 2011. Finding Attitude of a Spin Axis from Roll Angles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada540642
• Thompson, Avery. 2022. “Cooling Rocket Nozzle Extensions with Supersonic Gas Injection.” Scilight 2022 (7): 071105. https://doi.org/10.1063/10.0009660
• Thompson, M., R. Rasmussen, and C. Dugan. 1986. “Flight Controlled Rockets Derived from Available Government Stores.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2555
• Thompson, R. A., E. V. Zoby, K. E. Wurster, and P. A. Gnoffo. 1987. An Aerothermodynamic Study of Slender Conical Vehicles. AIAA PAPER 87-1475. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870055734
• Thompson, W. M., Jr. 1967. An Investigation of the Response of a Scaled Model of a Liquid-Propellant Multistage Launch Vehicle to Longitudinal Excitation. NASA-TN-D-3975. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670018086
• Thomson, K. D. 1980. “Calculation of Subsonic Normal Force and Centre of Pressure Position of Bodies of Revolution Using a Slender Body Theory – Boundary Layer Method.” Aeronautical Quarterly 31 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001925900008799
• Thornburg, Jeff. 2002. Air Force Research Laboratory’s Rocket Engine Program Enters Fast-Paced Test Phase. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada411890
• Thornton, A. L. 1981. LOVEL: A Low-Velocity Aerodynamic Heating Code for Flat-Plates, Wedges, and Cones. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/6611421
• Thornton, Randall, and John Hochstein. 2001. “Microgravity Propellant Tank Geyser Analysis and Prediction.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-1132. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1132
• Thornwall, J. C. 1966. Solid-State Wide-Range Low Power Camera Timer for Space Applications. NASA-TM-X-55529. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660021062
• Thrane, E. V. 2018. “The History of Andøya Rocket Range.” History of geo- and space sciences 9 (2): 141–56. https://doi.org/10.5194/hgss-9-141-2018
• Thurston, Paul A. 1965. Accuracy and Dispersion of Unguided, Air-Launched Rockets. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0474776
• Tiaden, Ryan, and Oleg Yakimenko. 2008. “Development of a Payload Derived Position Acquisition System for Parachute Recovery Systems.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7487. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7487
• Tiaden, Ryan, and Oleg Yakimenko. 2009. “Concept Refinement of the Payload Derived Position Acquisition System for Parachute Recovery Systems.” In 20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2009-2948. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2948
• Tian, Xinyu. 2026. “Study on the Influence of Combustion Reaction in the Tail Nozzle of Air Turbine Rocket Engine on Thrust Performance.” Applied and Computational Engineering 206 (1): 69–74. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2026.32440
• Tian, Jia Lin, Yun He, Lei Chen, and Ban Wang. 2014a. “Simulation of Motion Trajectory of Parachute Inflation Process.” Advanced materials research 945-949: 658–61. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.945-949.658
• Tian, Ruihuan, Jian Wu, Jinxiu Ma, et al. 2019. “The Research on Small-Scale Structures of Ice Particle Density and Electron Density in the Mesopause Region.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-2019-10
• Tierney, M. 1993. “Expendable Launch Vehicle Requirements for a Low-Cost Laser-Initiated-Ordnance Flight Sequencing System and Flight Termination System.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2364. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2364
• Tilekar, Rama, Afridi Aslam, Agnel Manoj, Chinmay Kulkarni, Dinesh Kumar Bajaj, and Sunil V. Dingare. 2026. “Combustion Analysis of Methalox Liquid Rocket Engines with Shear Coaxial Injector Using Various Simulation Models.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3369. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0317494
• Tiller, Dale, William Glaesemann, Gerald Hubl, and Fran Smith. 1989. “Design and Development of an Ultra-High (15,000 Psig Operating Pressure) Composite Pressurant Tank.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2764
• Tiller, Dale, Gerges Khawand, Con Murray, and Ronald McClellan. 1991. “Design and Qualification of a Carbon Overwrapped, Aluminum Lined Pressurant Tank for the Intelsat VII Satellite.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2092. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2092
• Tiller, Dale, Con Murray, and Ronald Veys. 1990. “Design and Development of a Carbon Overwrapped, Aluminum Lined Spherical Pressurant Tank.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2225. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2225
• Timofeev, Pavel. 2020. “Methods Comparison of Returning the First Stage of the Reusable Rocket.” Trudy MAI, no. 113: 7–7. https://doi.org/10.34759/trd-2020-113-06
• Timothy, J. G., R. M. Chambers, A. M. Dentremont, N. W. Lanham, and E. M. Reeves. 1975. “A Sounding Rocket Spectroheliometer for Photometric Studies at Extreme Ultraviolet Wavelengths.” Space Science Instrumentation 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750047956
• Tirolese, Vincenzo, Alessandro Donadi, Federico Disarò, and Marco Carminati. 2025. “A Rocket Payload Demonstrator for Real-Time Fault Detection of Pressure Sensors Based on Redundancy and Machine Learning.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-84100-2_18
• Tirres, C., and F. Cantrell. 1984. “A Proposed Large Solid Rocket Test Cell.” In 13th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1984-606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-606
• Titi, Hatem, Joseph Marrett, Olivier Jobin, et al. 2021. “Metal-Organic Frameworks Induce Hypergolic Ignition of Bulk Metals.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2021-f4dh4
• Tiwari, S. N., A. K. Sehgal, and D. J. Singh. 1992. Effects of Nose Bluntness and Angle of Attack on Slender Bodies in Hypersonic Flows. AIAA PAPER 92-0638. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920044392
• To, Tuan A. n.d. “AUSROC 2.5 Drogue Parachute Recovery System.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/345621
• Tobey, Aubrey C., and E. Karl Bastress. 1966. Flame-Piloting Mechanisms in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0655792
• Tobiassen, Jonas. 2026. “Launch Abort in Africa: Political and Financial History of African Rocket Launch Sites.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7460673
• Tobin, R. D., and R. P. Pauckert. 1974. Task 12 Data Dump (Phase 2) OME Integrated Thrust Chamber Test Report. NASA-CR-140250. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740025118
• Tobiska, W., Charles Barth, and Robert Culp. 1988. “Use of Solar Lyman-Alpha and 1-8 a X-Rays as EUV Flux Indices.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-4293. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4293
• Tobolski, J. 1971. “Pressure Sensing and Controller Development for Multiburn Cryogenic Propulsion Pressurization Systems.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-647. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-647
• Tohmatsu, Takao, and N. Iwagami. 1976. “Measurement of Nitric Oxide Abundance in Equatorial Upper Atmosphere.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 28 (5): 343–58. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.28.343
• Tohyama, Fumio, Masahiro Ishido, and H. Fukunishi. 1988. “Attitude Determination of the Antarctic Sounding Rockets from Magnetometer and Horizon Aspect Sensor Data.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 40 (7): 817–29. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.40.817
• Tolefson, H. B. 1965. NASA Langley Small Meteorological Sounding Rocket Development Program. NASA-TM-X-56686. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660012951
• Tolmacheva, A. V. 2004. “Measurements of the Temperature and Density of the Upper Atmosphere Using Artificial Periodic Irregularities during the Summer Seasons of 1999–2002.” International Journal of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 5 (1): GI1008. https://doi.org/10.1029/2004gi000061
• Tomei, B. A., and L. G. Smith. 1986. Rocket Experiments for Spectral Estimation of Electron Density Fine Structure in the Auroral and Equatorial Ionosphere and Preliminary Results. NASA-CR-176648. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860012555
• Tomita, Nobuyuki. 1995. “Tip-off Angular Velocity of Small Rocket under Influence of Launcher Rail Oscillation.” TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series C 61 (583): 922–29. https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaic.61.922
• Tomita, Takeo, Hiroshi Sakamoto, Mamoru Takahashi, Masaki Sasaki, Hiroshi Tamura, and Yasuhide Watanabe. 2002. “Sub Scale Nozzle Combustion Tests of the LE-7A Engine for Clarification of Large Side-Loads(II)-Influence of a Step in Nozzle Contour on Side-Load.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4002. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4002
• Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, and Masaki Sasaki. 2007. “Investigation on Characteristics of Conventional-Nozzle-Based Altitude Compensating Nozzles by Cold-Flow Tests (II) Side-Load Characteristics during Transition.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5472. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5472
• Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, Masaki Sasaki, et al. 2003. “Parametric Study on Influence of a Discontinuous Step in a Nozzle Contour on Side-Load.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-4764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4764
• Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, Masaki Sasaki, and Hiroshi Tamura. 2005. “Strong Side-Load Observed on a Parabolic Nozzle with No RSS Flow Pattern.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3941. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3941
• Tomita, Takeo, Mamoru Takahashi, Masahiro Takahashi, Shuichi Ueda, Hiroshi Tamura, and Kenji Aoki. 2001. “Visualization of the Formation of Separation Bubbles on a Bell-Shaped Nozzle Surface in Relation to Serious Side-Load.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3559
• Tomsik, Thomas M. 1994. “A Hydrogen-Oxygen Rocket Engine Coolant Passage Design Program (RECOP) for Fluid-Cooled Thrust Chambers and Nozzles.” In Pennsylvania State Univ., NASA Propulsion Engineering Research Center, Volume 2. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950002773
• Toni, R. 1970. “Theory on the Dynamics of a Parachute System Undergoing Its Inflation Process.” In 3rd Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1970-1170. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1170
• Toni, R. A., and C. V. Eckstrom. 1980. “Feasibility of Recovering a One Million-Pound Booster.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800048714
• Toniolo, Matthew, Paul Tartabini, Bamdi Pamadi, and Nathaniel Hotchko. 2008. “Constraint Force Equation Methodology for Modeling Multi-Body Stage Separation Dynamics.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-219
• Toohey, Darin W. 2003. Real-Time Measurements of Reactive Chlorine and Carbon Dioxide in Rocket Plumes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada413330
• Topka, K., D. Fabricant, F. R. Harnden Jr., P. Gorenstein, and R. Rosner. 1979. Detection of Soft X-Rays from Alpha Lyrae and Eta Bootis with an Imaging X-Ray Telescope. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790049138
• ToptaŞ, Murat, and Mehmet Yilmaz. 2024. “Computational Optimization for Enhancing a Rocket Stability.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4811288
• Törnqvist, Marcus, Gunnar Andersson, Gunnar Florin, Jimmy Thorstenson, and John Turner. 2006. “A New Service Module for the MASER Sounding Rocket Program.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-a2.5.07
• Torr, D. 1994. “Achievements in Atmospheric Science: The Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-443. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-443
• Tot, Lajos, and Panto Maslak. 2001. “Investigation of the Rocket Motor Dimensionless Geometric Parameters Influence on the Burning Rate of Double Base Propellant.” Vojnotehnicki glasnik 49 (1): 53–73. https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg0101053t
• Toten, Arvel, Jacqueline Fong, Robert Murphy, and William Powell. 1991. “NASP Derived Vehicle (NDV) Space Launch Operating Costs and Program Cost Recovery Options.” In 3rd International Aerospace Planes Conference. AIAA 1991-5080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-5080
• Tough, L. 1967. “Motor Development for the Black Brant Vb.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1329. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1329
• Tousey, Richard. 1961. “Solar Spectroscopy in the Far Ultraviolet.” Journal of the Optical Society of America 51 (4): 384. https://doi.org/10.1364/josa.51.000384
• Tousey, R. 1964. “The Lyman Alpha Line in Space.” In XIIIth International Astronautical Congress Varna 1962. Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4688-0_16
• Tousey, R. 1971. “A Discussion on Solar Studies with Special Reference to Space Observations: Observations of the Extreme Ultraviolet Solar Spectrum.” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences 270 (1202): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1971.0060
• Toyama, Shin’ichi. 2005. “Numerical Analysis of Nozzle Cooling for Upper-Stage Liquid Rocket Engines.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-387
• “Trade Studies of Space Launch Architectures Using Modular Probabilistic Risk Analysis (PSAM-0210).” 2006. In Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment & Management (PSAM). ASME Press. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.802442.paper238
• Traineau, J., P. Kuentzmann, M. Prevost, P. Tarrin, and A. Delfour. 1992. “Particle Size Distribution Measurements in a Subscale Motor for the Ariane 5 Solid Rocket Booster.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3049. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3049
• Trefall, Harald. 1953. “Cosmic-Ray Intensity and the Temperature of the Upper Atmosphere.” Nature 171 (4359): 888–89. https://doi.org/10.1038/171888a0
• Trefilova, Liudmila, Pavel G. Kobelev, Anatoly V. Belov, et al. 2021. “Unusual Decrease of the Cosmic Ray Intensity in May 2019 on the Background of the Minima Solar Activity.” In Cosmic ray studies with neutron detectors. https://doi.org/10.38072/2748-3150/p10
• Tregidgo, L., Z. Wang, and I. Gursul. 2012. “Frequency Lock-in Phenomenon for Self-Sustained Roll Oscillations of Rectangular Wings Undergoing a Forced Periodic Pitching Motion.” Physics of Fluids 24 (11): 117101. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4767468
• Treichel, Todd. 2012. “Telemetry and GPS Techniques for High Powered Rocket Recovery.” In 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems. AIAA 2012-3570. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3570
• Treichel, Todd H. 2013. “Telemetry Techniques Used for Water Recovery of High Powered Rocket.” In 43rd International Conference on Environmental Systems. AIAA 2013-3497. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3497
• Trent, C. H., and M. J. Zucrow. 1952. “Behavior of Liquid Hydrocarbons with White Fuming Nitric Acid.” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry 44 (11): 2668–73. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50515a050
• Trescot, C. D., Jr., G. V. Foster, and C. D. Babb. 1973. Effect of Fin Planform on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Wingless Missile with AFT Cruciform Controls at Mach 1.60, 2.36, and 2.86. NASA-TM-X-2774. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730018268
• Tripp, C. N. 1966. Booster Tank System Patent. Patent Application Number: US-PATENT-APPL-SN-231520. TRW Systems Group. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710019679
• “Tripropellant Engine Technology for Reusable Launch Vehicles.” 2004. In Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866760.0649.0682
• Trittel, Torsten, Ralf Stannarius, Alexey Eremin, et al. 2016. “Rheological Properties of Quasi-2D Fluids in Microgravity.” In American Society for Gravitational and Space Research. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20170005661
• Trivedi, Rahul, Sreejita Bhaduri, Mohammed Ibrahim Sugarno, and Ashoke De. 2024. “Numerical Investigation of Unsteady Flow Characteristics of Planar Plug Nozzle in Overexpanded Conditions.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 147 (5): 051203. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067130
• Trovarelli, Federico, and Erwin Mooij. 2019. “Stability of Guided Parachute-Payload Systems for Planetary Descent.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0665. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0665
• Trowbridge, C. A. 1984. Determination of Stratospheric Wind Profiles by Digital Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada140502
• Trowbridge Heine, Sarah N., Herman Marshall, Alan Garner, et al. 2025. “Mission Design and Development of the Rocket Experiment Demonstration of a Soft x-Ray (REDSoX) Polarimeter.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIV, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3064718
• Truax, Robert C., and J. D. Ryan. 1961. “Sea Launch of Rocket Vehicles.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610124
• Trulove, Angella, and Kevin Whitaker. 1993. “Rocket Stage Optimization Using a Simple Genetic Algorithm.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1778. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1778
• Trushlyakov, V. I., and K. I. Zharikov. 2016. “Methods of Determining of the Thermal Strength Propellant Tank of Orbital Stage Rocket with Liquid Propulsion Engine.” Пожаровзрывобезопасность 25 (7): 34–47. https://doi.org/10.18322/pvb.2016.25.07.34-47.
• Tr�mper, Joachim. n.d. “X-Ray Astronomy.” In The Encyclopedia of Astronomy and Astrophysics. IOP Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1888/0333750888/1664
• Tsagakis, Emmanuel. 1970. “Partial Reflection Measurements on the D-Region during the May 20,1966 Solar Eclipse.” In Solar Eclipses and the Ionosphere. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-1839-2_13
• Tsai, Tommy, James Tosh, and Alfred Little. 1999. “Application of Plasma Spray Process in Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Tip Seals.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2895. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2895
• Tseng, I., and V. Yang. 1992. “Interactions of Homogeneous Propellant Combustion and Acoustic Wavesin a Solid Rocket Motor.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-101
• Tshomela, Mthobisi, Jean Pitot, and Glen Snedden. 2024. “Development of a Payload Module for the Phoenix-1C Hybrid Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0372. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0372
• Tsien, H. S., T. C. Adamson, and E. L. Knuth. 2012. “Automatic Navigation of a Long Range Rocket Vehicle.” In Collected Works of H.S. Tsien (1938–1956). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398277-3.50041-5
• Tsien, H. S., and Robert C. Evans. 2012. “Optimum Thrust Programming for a Sounding Rocket.” In Collected Works of H.S. Tsien (1938–1956). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-398277-3.50036-1
• Tsigaridis, Kostas, Christopher M. Maloney, Robert D. Field, et al. 2026. “Indirect Moistening of the Upper Atmosphere by Black Carbon from Rocket Exhaust.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.15007595/v1
• Tsohas, John, and Stephen Heister. 2009. “CFD Simulations of Liquid Rocket Coaxial Injector Hydrodynamics.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2009-5387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5387
• Tsuchiya, Soji. 1961. “Studies on the Chemical Equilibrium Lag during the Rapid Expansion through the Rocket Nozzle.” Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 34 (6): 854–59. https://doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.34.854
• Tsujikado, Nobuo, Masatoshi Koshimae, Rikuya Ishikawa, Kazuki Kitahara, and Atsushi Ishihara. 2006. “Solid Fuel Grain Design of 90% Hydrogen Peroxide/Polyethylene Solid Fuel Hybrid Rocket Engine.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4675. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4675
• Tsuneta, Saku. 1996. “The Dynamic Solar Corona in X-Rays with Yohkoh.” In Solar and Astrophysical Magnetohydrodynamic Flows. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0265-7_5
• Tsunoda, Roland T. 1979. Magnetic-Field-Aligned Characteristics of Plasma Bubbles in the Nighttime Equatorial Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada088365
• Tucker, E., B. Dehoff, and R. McAmis. 1993. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Testing and Analysis Capabilities.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1861. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1861
• Tucker, Dennis S., Guy A. Smith, Gary L. Workman, and Sue O’Brien. 1996. “Effects of Microgravity on ZBLAN Optical Fibers Utilizing a Sounding Rocket.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2809, edited by Narayanan Ramachandran. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.244344
• Tulunay, Y. K. 1988. “Ambient Electron Density Distribution at about 500 Km Altitude at the Earth’s Ionosphere.” In Terrestrial Space Radiation and Its Biological Effects. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1567-4_3
• Tun, N. L., M. Thuri, Minnzinoo, and Z. Li. 2020. “Aerodynamic Coefficients Prediction for 122 Mm Rocket by Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 816 (1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/816/1/012010
• Tunbridge, V. M., and N. J. Mitchell. 2009. “The Two-Day Wave in the Antarctic and Arctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/acpd-9-10271-2009
• Tunc, Gokturk, Howard Wagner, and Yildiz Bayazitoglu. 2001. “Space Shuttle Upgrade Liquid Oxygen Tank Thermal Stratification.” In 35th AIAA Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2001-3082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3082
• “Turbulent Transport in Rocket Motor Unsteady Flowfield.” 2000. In Solid Propellant Chemistry, Combustion, and Motor Interior Ballistics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866562.0837.0858
• Türker, Lemi. 2023. “Hypergolic Systems Based on Hydrogen Peroxide Oxidizer.” Earthline Journal of Chemical Sciences: 1–42. https://doi.org/10.34198/ejcs.10123.142
• Turner, J. 1982. “The Application of Microprocessors in Sounding Rocket Attitude Control.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1737
• Turns, Stephen, and David Kraige. n.d. “Properties of the Atmosphere at High Altitude.” In Property Tables for Thermal Fluids Engineering. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511813696.014
• Tutt, Benjamin, David Peterson, Scott Roland, and Ray Denny. 2011. “Parachute Load Prediction Using a Combination of Empirical Data and Fluid Structure Interaction Simulations.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2544. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2544
• Tutt, Benjamin, and Anthony Taylor. 2005. “The Use of LS-DYNA to Simulate the Inflation of a Parachute Canopy.” In 18th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2005-1608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1608
• Tyler, J. S. 1965. “Cryogenic Storage of Helium for Propellant Tank Pressurization.” In NASA. Marshall Space Flight Center Proc. of the Conf. on Propellant Tank Pressurization and Stratification, Vol. 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760072678
• Tyler, A. F. 1972. “Design Considerations in the Measurement of Electron Temperature in the Ionosphere.” Radio and Electronic Engineer 42 (7): 309. https://doi.org/10.1049/ree.1972.0050
• U.S.Committee on Extension to the Standard Atmosphere. 1966. “U.S. Standard Atmosphere Supplements, 1966.” Australian Meteorological Magazine 14 (4): 181–83. https://doi.org/10.1071/es66020
• Udovichenko, D. 2025. “Optimithation Profile of Pneumatic System of Separation Stage Rocket.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-094
• Udovychenko, D. O., and A. O. Makarenko. 2026. “Analysis and Minimization of Resistive Forces Occurring during Rocket Stage Separation. Possibility of Using a Single Pneumatic Pusher for Stage Separation.” Kosmičeskaâ tehnika. Raketnoe vooruženie 2025 (2): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.33136/stma2025.02.046
• Uemura, Takeaki. n.d. “Novel Rocket-Based Combined Cycle Engine Architecture for Launch Vehicles.” PhD diss., University of Queensland Library. https://doi.org/10.14264/223f343
• Ueno, Kazuki, Radzi Bin Ambar, and Shinichi Sagara. 2014. “2B35 Quaternion-Based Adaptive Attitude Control for a Winged rocket(The 12th International Conference on Motion and Vibration Control).” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2014.12 (0): _2B35-1_-_2B35-12_. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2014.12._2b35-1_
• Ukirde, Kishorkumar, and Shyam Rathod. 2023. “Aerodynamic Analysis of Various Nose Cone Geometries for Rocket Launch Vehicle at Different Mach Regimes.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2981. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0179070
• Ulmer, Melville P. 1988. “An Electroformed Mirror Array for High Energy X-Ray Astronomy.” In SPIE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880062607
• Umbel, Matthew. 2006. “A Method for Setting the Nozzle Expansion-Ratio in a Boost-Sustain Rocket Motor.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-5241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-5241
• Umholtz, Philip D. 1999. The History of Solid Rocket Propulsion and Aerojet. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada406104
• “Uncertainty in Conversion of Propellant to Combustion Products.” 2007. In Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866906.0023.0032
• Unhelkar, Vaibhav V., and Hari B. Hablani. 2015. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination with Sun Sensors, Horizon Sensors and Gyros: Comparison of Steady-State Kalman Filter and Extended Kalman Filter.” In Advances in Estimation, Navigation, and Spacecraft Control. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-44785-7_22
• The United States Sounding Rocket Program. 1971. NASA-TM-X-65777. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720007181
• Uno, Tatsuya, Nobuyuki Tomita, and Rikio Watanabe. 2003. “A Study on Flight Stability of Unguided Rocket.” proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.5 (0): 389–90. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.5.0_389
• “Unstable Burning Phenomenon in Double-Base Propellants.” 1960. In Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864766.0527.0559
• “The Upper Atmosphere.” 2003. In Measuring the Natural Environment. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139087254.016
• “The Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite.” 1985. In Monitoring Earth’s Ocean, Land, and Atmosphere from Space-Sensors, Systems, and Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865725.0293.0304
• Urrego P., J. Alejandro, Luisa Monico, Harold Acosta, German Reyes, and Luis Hernandez. 2019. “Design and Construction of a Flight Data Acquisition System Adapted to an Experimental Rocket Model.” TECCIENCIA 14 (27): 73–84. https://doi.org/10.18180/tecciencia.2019.27.8
• Uselton, B. 1978. “Sting Effects as Determined by the Measurement of Pitch-Damping Derivatives and Base Pressures at Mach Number 3.” In 10th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1978-830. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-830
• Uselton, Bob L., and James C. Uselton. 1975. Test Mechanism for Measuring Pitch-Damping Derivatives of Missile Configurations at High Angles of Attack. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada009865
• Ushakov, V. V., and A. M. Shcherbakov. 2021. “Controlled Pressurization of the Rocket Tank.” Solar System Research 55 (7): 725–29. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0038094621070212
• Utlaut, W. F., and T. N. Gautier. 1964. Vertical Ionospheric Sounding Measurements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0353599
• Utreja, L. 1975. “Drag Coefficient of 20-Degree Conical Ribbon Parachute.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1354. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1354
• Vadas, Sharon L. 2013. Observation and Modeling of Tsunami-Generated Gravity Waves in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada587974
• Vadas, Sharon L. 2014. Observation and Modeling of Tsunami-Generated Gravity Waves in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada610028
• Vadas, Sharon L. 2015. Observation and Modeling of Tsunami-Generated Gravity Waves in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada627138
• Vahia, M. N. 1990. “Relationship between Solar Flares and Solar Cosmic Rays.” In Basic Plasma Processes on the Sun. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0667-9_72
• Valy, Y., and P. Coquet. 1990. “Wound Helium Pressurant Tank Development for 2nd Stage of Ariane 4 Launcher.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2347. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2347
• Van Allen, J. A., L. W. Fraser, and J. F. R. Floyd. 1948. “The Aerobee Sounding Rocket—a New Vehicle for Research in the Upper Atmosphere.” Science 108 (2818): 746–47. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.108.2818.746
• van der Bliek, Jan A., and Robert A. Cassanova. 1967. Simulation of Chemiluminescent Reaction of Nitric Oxide with Atomic Oxygen in a Supersonic Low Density Wind Tunnel, Part 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0645516
• van der Ha, Jozef, and Frank Janssens. 2003. “Jet Damping & Misalignment Effects during Solid Rocket Motor Burn.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5328. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5328
• Van Der Maas, C. J. 1962. High Altitude Wind Response of Missile Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0408258
• Van Dresar, N., C. Lin, and M. Hasan. 1992. “Self-Pressurization of a Flightweight Liquid Hydrogen Tank: Effectsof Fill Level at Low Wall Heat Flux.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-818
• Van Dresar, N., and R. Stochl. 1993. “Pressurization and Expulsion of a Flightweight Liquid Hydrogen Tank.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-1966. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1966
• Van Nice, L., US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and J. Peterson. 1965. Booster Rocket Altitude Abort Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/12817955
• Van Slooten, R. A., and T. T. Soong. 1972. “Buckling of a Long, Axially Compressed, Thin Cylindrical Shell with Random Initial Imperfections.” Journal of Applied Mechanics 39 (4): 1066–71. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3422830
• Van Slooten, R. A., and T. T. Soong. 1973. “Closure to “Discussion of ‘Buckling of a Long, Axially Compressed, Thin Cylindrical Shell with Random Initial Imperfections’” (1973, ASME J. Appl. Mech., 40, Pp. 634–635).” Journal of Applied Mechanics 40 (2): 635–635. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3423051
• Van Winkle, G. W. G. 1965. Applying Large Solid Boosters. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650034288
• Vanherweg, Joseph B. R. n.d. “Hybrid Rocket Motor Scaling Process.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2015.57
• Vargas, Magda B., and R. Jeremy Kenny. 2010. Acoustic Measurements of Small Solid Rocket Motor. M10-0180. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100020897
• Varghese, Rony C., P. Anoop, and B. Sundar. 2022. “Thermal Study on Trimethyl Aluminium Canister Payload in Sounding Rocket.” In Proceeding of Proceedings of the 26thNational and 4th International ISHMT-ASTFE Heat and Mass Transfer Conference December 17-20, 2021, IIT Madras, Chennai-600036, Tamil Nadu, India. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ihmtc-2021.3290
• Varhalmi, Laszlo. 1987. “How to Track a Comet: Vega Scan Platform Pointing Control System, Design and Scientific Results.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1987-2465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2465
• “Variable Thrust Rocket Engines.” 1960. In Liquid Rockets And Propellants. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600864759.0617.0645
• Vasiliv, S. S., and O. L. Tokareva. 2024. “Experimental Technique for Determining the Burning Rate of Solid Rocket Fuel with Electrically Conductive Reaction Products in a Constant Pressure Device.” System technologies 3 (152): 13–21. https://doi.org/10.34185/1562-9945-3-152-2024-02
• Vasilyev, Roman, and Olga S. Zorkaltseva. 2020. Study of Temperature, Wind Speed and Tides in the Upper Atmosphere from Optical Measurements during the 2017-2019 Winter’s. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-689
• Vassiliadis, Dimitris, D. J. Pisano, and Yu Gu. 2012. “Ionospheric Rocket Payload Development: Project and Course.” In 2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–21619
• Vasylyev, Dmytro, Yannick Béniguel, Wilken Volker, Martin Kriegel, and Jens Berdermann. 2022. “Modeling of Ionospheric Scintillation.” Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate 12: 22. https://doi.org/10.1051/swsc/2022016
• Vaughan, W. W. 2003. “STANDARD ATMOSPHERE.” In Encyclopedia of Atmospheric Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227090-8/00379-1
• Velasquez, Chelsea, and Zachariah Benedict. 2015. Parafoil Recovery of a High Altitude Balloon Payload. Iowa State University. Library. Digital Press. https://doi.org/10.31274/ahac.8169
• Vemula, Rohit Chandra, Jonas Gustavsson, and Rajan Kumar. 2018. “Rocket Nozzle Thrust and Flow Field Measurements Using Particle Image Velocimetry.” New Space 6 (1): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1089/space.2017.0045
• Venkat, Shankar, and S. Sherif. 2004. “Self-Pressurization and Thermal Stratification in a Liquid Hydrogen Tank under Varying Gravity Conditions.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1341. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1341
• Venkatesham, K., and Rajesh Singh. 2018. “Extreme Space-Weather Effect on D-Region Ionosphere in Indian Low Latitude Region.” Current Science 114 (09): 1923. https://doi.org/10.18520/cs/v114/i09/1923-1926
• Venkateswaran, Sankaran, Jeffrey Grenda, and Charles Merkle. 1991. “Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability.” In 10th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-1609. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1609
• Ventrice, M., J. Fang, and K. Purdy. 1979b. “Simulation of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Combustion Instabilities.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-156. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-156
• Venugopal, V. R. 1960a. “Temperature of the F 2 Region of the Ionosphere over Kodaikanal.” MAUSAM 11 (3): 295–97. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v11i3.4134
• Venugopal, V. R. 1960b. “Temperature of the F Region of the Ionosphere over Kodaikanal.” MAUSAM 11 (2): 171–75. https://doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v11i2.4117
• Venugopal, Sankaran, V. Ramanujachari, and K. Rajesh. 2011. “Design and Testing of Lab-Scale Red Fuming Nitric Acid/Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene Hybrid Rocket Motor for Studying Regression Rate.” Defence Science Journal 61 (5): 512–22. https://doi.org/10.14429/dsj.61.873
• Veprik, Alexander, Shlomo Djerassy, and Vladimir Babitsky. 2008. “Optimal Design of a Snubbed Vibration Isolator for Vibration Sensitive Electrooptic Payload.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 6940, edited by Bjørn F. Andresen, Gabor F. Fulop, Paul R. Norton. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.777931
• Verberne, Onno, Adrien J. Boiron, Martina G. Faenza, and Bastien Haemmerli. 2015. “Development of the North Star Sounding Rocket: Getting Ready for the First Demonstration Launch.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4045. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4045
• Verdone, P. H. 1966. A Telescope Suitable for Rocket Borne Instrumentation. NASA-TM-X-55689. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670009591
• Verdone, P. H. 1967. A Telescope Suitable for Rocket-Borne Instrumentation. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670044022
• Vergasova, G. V., and E. S. Kazimirovsky. 2010. “External Impact on Wind in the Mesosphere/lower Thermosphere Region.” Geomagnetism and Aeronomy 50 (7): 914–19. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0016793210070145
• Verma, Shashi, and H. K. Ciezki. 2003. “Unsteady Nature of Flow Separation inside a Thrust Optimised Parabolic Nozzle.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-1139. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1139
• Verma, Shashi, and Oskar Haidn. 2005. “Goertler Vortex Formation during Shut down Sequence inside a Thrust Optimized Parabolic (TOP) Rocket Nozzle.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-518
• Verma, Shashi, and Oskar Haidn. 2006. “Study on Restricted Shock Separation Phenomena in Rocket Nozzles.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-1431. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1431
• Verma, Shashi, and Oskar Haidn. 2007. “Flow Separation Studies in a Subscale Truncated Ideal Contour Nozzle.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1320. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1320
• Verma, S. B., and Oskar Haidn. 2010a. “Flow Characteristics of Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” International Journal of Aerospace Innovations 2 (4): 259–77. https://doi.org/10.1260/1757-2258.2.4.259
• Verma, Shashi Bushan, and Oskar Haidn. 2010b. “Flow Separation Characteristics of a Thrust Optimized Parabolic Nozzle in a High Altitude Simulation Chamber.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6658. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6658
• Veselovsky, Igor S. 1999. “Turbosphere and Turbopause in the Solar Wind Formation Region.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.58777
• Vetter, Ronald F. 1977. Reduction of Fuel Fire Cook-Off Hazard of Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb020024
• Vibbart, Charles. 1988. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Testing for Return to Flight: Transient Pressure Test Article Test Program.” Journal of the IEST 31 (6): 17–23. https://doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.31.6.fv2023573t120868
• Vibration and Acoustic Analyses, Saturn SA-10 Flight. 1965. NASA-TM-X-53366. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660005493
• Vickers, James S., Daniel M. Cotton, Timothy A. Cook, and Supriya Chakrabarti. 1992. “Gas Ionization Solar Spectral Monitor (GISSMO).” In In: Instrumentation for planetary and terrestrial atmospheric remote sensing; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-27076 09-35). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930043091
• Vickery, William K. 1963. Firefly 3, Sounding Rocket Launching Report. Launch Facility, Vehicles, and Data Reduction (33 Vehicles Launched 15 OCTOBER-15 December 1962). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0403534
• Vickery, William K. 1970. Characteristics of Upper Atmosphere Barium, Trimethylaluminum, Diborane and Lithium Releases, 1969. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0724099
• Victor, A. 1979. “Predictions of Growth and Dispersion of Rocket Exhaust Clouds from Surface-Launched Missiles.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1291. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1291
• Vidale, M. L., and Marcel Schein. 1951. “Multiple Events Produced in Hydrogen by Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Particles at an Altitude of 90,000 Feet.” Physical Review 84 (3): 593–94. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.84.593.2
• Vidale, M. L., and Marcel Schein. 1952. “Multiple Events Produced in Hydrogen by Very High Energy Cosmic-Ray Particles at an Altitude of 90,000 Feet.” Physical Review 86 (6): 1056–1056. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.86.1056
• Vigil, M., and D. Marchi. 1994. Annular Precision Linear Shaped Charge Flight Termination System for the ODES Program. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/10165513
• Vigil, Genevieve D., Sabrina L. Savage, Amy R. Winebarger, et al. n.d. Hi-C Flare: Results of the First Sounding Rocket Flare Campaign. Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20250003628
• Vigil, Genevieve D., Amy R. Winebarger, Laurel A. Rachmeler, et al. 2021. “Design for a Portable Calibration System for the Full-Sun UV Rocket SpecTrometer Instrument.” Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems 7 (03): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.jatis.7.3.035009
• Vijayan, Asha, and S. Suresh Babu. 2015. “An Efficient Data Acquisition System for Launch Vehicle Telemetry.” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 4 (7): 1693–98. https://doi.org/10.21275/sub156759
• Vijlee, Shazib. 2004. An Automated Procedure for Analyzing the Effects of Vortex-Induced Fin Pressure on Roll Torque for a Finned Body of Revolution. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/919113
• Villahermosa, Randy M., and Alexis D. Ostrowski. 2008. “Chemical Analysis of Silicone Outgassing.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 7069, edited by Sharon A. Straka. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.802311
• Vincent, Robert, Sujata Kovalam, Iain Reid, Damian Murphy, and Andrew Klekociuk. 2022. “Southern Hemisphere Stratospheric Warmings and Coupling to the Mesosphere-Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1002/essoar.10510417.1
• Violette, Daniel P., Regina Caputo, Adrien Laviron, et al. 2026. “Astropix Sounding Rocket Technology Demonstration Payload (A-STEP): Payload Integration and Launch Status.” In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2026: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray, edited by Marco Feroci, Kazuhiro Nakazawa, Shouleh Nikzad. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3105207
• Vishniak, A. 1993. “Simulation of the Payload-Parachute-Wing System Flight Dynamics.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1250. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1250
• Vishnu, S., and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. 2021. “Effect of Roughness Elements on the Evolution of Thermal Stratification in a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98404
• Vishnu, S. B., T. H. Rahuldas, and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. 2018. “Effect of Bottom Heating on Thermal Stratification and Self-Pressurization in a Cryogenic Tank.” Indian Journal of Cryogenics 43 (1): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2018.00022.5
• Vishnyak, A. 1995. “Parachute Simulations for ARIANE-5 Booster Recovery System Design.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1593. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1593
• Vishwajith, V. 2024. “Characterization of Flow Dynamics in a Highly Overexpanded CD Nozzle under Varying NPR.” International Journal of Science, Engineering and Technology 12 (5): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.61463/ijset.vol.12.issue5.275
• Viswanath, Vishnu, Deepak Kumar Agarwal, and John Tharakan. 2022. “Analysis of Active Pressurization Methods for a Cryogenic Propellant Tank.” Indian Journal of Cryogenics 47 (1): 71–77. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2022.00013.9
• Viswanath, Vishnu, V. M. Deepak, Deepak Kumar Agarwal, N. Jayan, and T. John Tharakan. 2026. “Thermal and Flow Analysis of a Liquid Hydrogen Tank Active Pressurization System: A System Design Approach.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-8777-0_33
• Vitharana, Lokupatabendige. n.d. “A Comprehensive Study of the Short-Term Variability of the Migrating Diurnal Tide in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” PhD diss., University of Louisville. https://doi.org/10.18297/etd/3516
• Viventi, R. E. 1961. Fabrication of Pyrolytic Graphite Rocket Nozzle Components. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0263599
• Volkov, N. G., and O. N. Salimov. 1987. “Meteor Velocity Distribution and an Optimum Monitoring Mathematical Model.” In International Council of Scientific Unions, Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP, Volume 25. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880005164
• Volkov, I. I., and V. V. Suevalov. 2006. “Estimation of Lunar and Solar Tides in the Earth’s Thermosphere from Density Measurements by the CACTUS Microaccelerometer.” Solar System Research 40 (3): 191–97. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0038094606030026
• Von Eckroth, Wulf, Gary R. Rohrkaste, and Phillip R. Delurgio. 1991. “Liquid Booster Engine Reuse: A Recovery System.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910047539
• von Eckroth, Wulf, Leah Struchen, Thomas Trovillion, Rafael Perez, Shaun Nerolich, and Chris Parlier. 2012. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Motor Plume Pressure and Heat Rate Measurements.” In 28th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing, and Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2012-3293. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3293
• Von Elbe, G. 1966. “Solid Propellant Ignition and Response of Combustion to Pressure Transients.” In 2nd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1966-668. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-668
• Von Halle, E. 1978. Stage Separation Theory. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/5030698
• Von Zahn, U. 1973. “Neutral Air Density and Composition.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-2542-3_1
• Vonderwell, D., I. Murray, and S. Heister. 1994. “Optimization of Hybrid Rocket Booster Fuel Grain Design.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3144
• Vorobeva, Ekaterina, Sven Peter Näsholm, P. J. Espy, Yvan Orsolini, and R. E. Hibbins. 2020. Wind Estimates in the Mesosphere: Lower Thermosphere Retrieved from Infrasound Data. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-10128
• “Vortex Injection Hybrid Rockets.” 2007. In Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866876.0247.0276
• Votta, Raffaele, Marco Marini, Luigi Morsa, et al. 2012a. “Analysis of Low-Density Effects in Suborbital Flight of FAST20XX.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. AIP. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4769711
• Votta, Raffaele, Giuliano Ranuzzi, Marco Marini, et al. 2012b. “Numerical and Experimental Analysis of Low-Density Effects in Suborbital Flight of FAST20XX.” In 43rd AIAA Thermophysics Conference. AIAA 2012-3107. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3107
• Vuiets, Anatoliy. n.d. “Empirical Reconstruction of the Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum.” PhD diss., Orléans. https://doi.org/10.70675/f60cf757zf32az44eez9730z603b2c796c6b
• Vulpetti, Giovanni. 2012. “Some General Rocket Features.” In Fast Solar Sailing. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4777-7_1
• Vulpetti, Giovanni, Les Johnson, and Gregory L. Matloff. n.d.-a. “Rocket Problems and Limitations.” In Solar Sails. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68500-7_3
• Vulpetti, Giovanni, Les Johnson, and Gregory L. Matloff. n.d.-b. “The Rocket: How It Works in Space.” In Solar Sails. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-68500-7_2
• Vural, Huseyin, and Mehmet Ali Ak. 1996. “Estimation of Heat Transfer Variation at Solid Propellant Rocket Nozzle.” In International Symposium on Transient Convective Heat Transfer. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1996.transientconvheattransf.410
• Wachi, F. M., and D. E. Gilmartin. 1966. Boron-Content Profile of a Boron-Pyrolytic Graphite Nose Cone Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0488914
• Wada, Yutaka, Ryuichi Kato, Nobuji Kato, and Keiichi Hori. 2013. “Small Rocket Launch Experiment Using Low Melting Point Thermoplastic Fuel/N2O Hybrid Rocket.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-4050. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4050
• Wadia, A., and D. Wilson. 1981. “Component Design and Performance Evaluation of a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine for Earth Orbital Satellite Launching.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1372. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1372
• Wadleigh, K. H. 1965. “Longitudinal Dynamics Analysis of Combined Rocket Vehicle/payload Structures.” In Symposium on Structural Dynamics and Aeroelasticity. AIAA 1965-1150. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-1150
• Waesche, R., J. Marchman, and S. Kuppa. 1989. “Effects of Grain Slots on Flow in a Solid Rocket Motor.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2790. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2790
• Waesche, R. H. Woodward, and Martin Summerfield. 1965. Solid Propellant Combustion Instability: Oscillatory Burning of Solid Rocket Propellants. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0634278
• Wagner, W. R. 1973. Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Engine for Space Storable Propellants. NASA-CR-133488. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730020005
• Wagner, H. N. R., C. Hühne, S. Niemann, and L. Weiß. 2017a. “High-Fidelity Design Methods to Determine Knockdown Factors for the Buckling Load of Axially Loaded Composite Cylindrical Shells.” In Shell Structures: Theory and Applications Volume 4. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315166605-62
• Wahlen, Ulf. 1995. “The Aerodynamic Design of the Turbines for the Vulcain Rocket Engine.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2536
• Wailes, W., and E. Carlson. 1986. “Refurbishment and Repair of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Decelerator Subsystem.” In 9th Aerodynamic Decelerator and Balloon Technology Conference. AIAA 1986-2479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2479
• Waites, H. 1979. “Application of Model Reference Adaptive Control System to Instrument Pointing System /IPS/.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-57. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-57
• Wakefield, M. 1986. “Propellant Tank Manufacturing Controls.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1697. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1697
• Walach, M.-T., and A. Grocott. 2025. “Modeling the Time-Variability of the Ionospheric Electric Potential (TiVIE).” Space Weather 23 (7): e2024SW004139. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024sw004139
• Walchner, Otto, Frank M. Sawyer, and Thomas A. Durham. 1969. Hypersonic Wind Tunnel Measurements of Roll Damping Derivatives for Cones. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0700062
• Walcott, William B. 1963. Study of Parachute Scale Effects. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0296915
• Wald, Lucien. 2021. “Solar Radiation Incident at the Top of the Atmosphere.” In Fundamentals of Solar Radiation. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003155454-3
• Walker, T. B. 1954. Research and Development on XRV-N-13 Aero-Bee-Hi Sounding Rocket. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0039981
• Walker, James C. G. 1979. “Radar Measurement of the Upper Atmosphere.” Science 206 (4415): 180–89. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.206.4415.180
• Wall, John H., Colter W. Russell, Jeb S. Orr, Abran Alaniz, and Stephen G. Ryan. n.d. “Flight Performance and Stability of Space Launch System Core Stage Thrust Vector Control.” In 45th American Astronautical Society Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230000649
• Wallace, D. A. 1972. “Use of the Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Outgassing and Optical Contamination Measurements.” Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology 9 (1): 462–66. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.1316656
• Walter, Patrick L. 1997. “Rocket Payload Load Assessment and Motor Performance an Instrumentation Challenge.” In 1997 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–6770
• Walter, Ulrich. 2018a. “Rocket Flight.” In Astronautics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74373-8_2
• Walter, Ulrich. 2018b. “Rocket Fundamentals.” In Astronautics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74373-8_1
• Walter, Ulrich. 2018c. “Rocket Staging.” In Astronautics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74373-8_3
• Walter, Ulrich. 2024a. “Rocket Flight.” In Astronautics. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15992-3_2
• Walter, Ulrich. 2024b. “Rocket Fundamentals.” In Astronautics. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15992-3_1
• Walter, Ulrich. 2024c. “Rocket Staging.” In Astronautics. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15992-3_3
• Walters, Randall K. 1967. Numerical Integration Methods for Ballistic Rocket Trajectory Simulation Programs. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0658064
• Wan, Tian, Guoqing Hu, Jianzheng Jiang, et al. 2014. “Comparison of the Simulated and LIDAR Measured Atmospheric Density and Temperature in Lower Thermosphere.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1628. AIP Publishing LLC. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902746
• Wang, J. 1977. “Experimental Study of Some Ignition Problems of Small Solid Propellant Rockets.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-902
• Wang, K. 1993a. “Prediction of Rocket Plume Radiative Heating Using Backward Monte-Carlo Method.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-137
• Wang, Zheng. 1993b. “Structural Reliability Design on Solid Rocket Motor Case.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2465
• Wang, Ying-Jian. 1998. “Airglow Measurements in the Upper Atmosphere.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3501. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.317716
• Wang, Ten-See. 2004. “Multidimensional Unstructured-Grid Liquid Rocket Engine Nozzle Performance and Heat Transfer Analysis.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4016. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4016
• Wang, Ten-See. 2005. “Transient Three-Dimensional Analysis of Nozzle Side Load in Regeneratively Cooled Engines.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3942. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3942
• Wang, Ten-See. 2008. “Transient Three-Dimensional Startup Side Load Analysis of a Regeneratively Cooled Nozzle.” In 38th Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4300. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4300
• Wang, Pu Kai, Chih-Yun Chen, Hsiang-Chieh Hsu, et al. 2022a. “Compact Scintillator Array Detector (ComSAD) for Sounding Rocket and CubeSat Missions.” Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation 11 (02): 2250007. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2251171722500076
• Wang, Yanji, Jinsheng Feng, and Bin Wu. 2026b. “Medical Risks and Countermeasures in Human Suborbital Flight.” Manned Spaceflight 32 (3): 454–60. https://doi.org/10.3724/zrht.1674-5825.2025091
• Wang, Ten-See, and Mike Guidos. 2008. “Transient Three-Dimensional Side Load Analysis of a Film Cooled Nozzle.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080033095
• Wang, Zai Cheng, Chun Lan Jiang, and Ming Li. 2011a. “Design of a Solid Rocket Motor for Characterization of Spinning.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 63-64: 621–26. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.63-64.621
• Wang, Juan, Zhengda Li, Wenchang Lan, Si Chen, and Mingbo Tong. 2026a. “A Fluid-Structure Interaction Study of the Inflation Process and Breathing Oscillations of a Cross Parachute.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3240 (1): 012007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3240/1/012007
• Wang, Guopeng, Jianguo Li, Yanan Zhao, and Guotong Hong. 2019a. “Analysis of a New Self-Pressurization Model for Cryogenic Fluid Tank.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 502: 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/502/1/012064
• Wang, Ten-See, Jeff Lin, and Michael Guidos. 2012. “Transient Side Load Analysis of out-of-Round Film-Cooled Nozzle Extensions.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3968. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3968
• Wang, Ten-See, Jeff Lin, Joe Ruf, and Mike Guidos. 2010b. Transient Three-Dimensional Side Load Analysis of out-of-Round Film Cooled Nozzles. M10-0136. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100036841
• Wang, Pi-Huan, M. P. McCormick, W. P. Chu, et al. 1992. “SAGE II Stratospheric Density and Temperature Retrieval Experiment.” Journal of Geophysical Research 97. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920039394
• Wang, Cheng, Xiaoxue Min, and Hong Hu. 2025c. “An Ionospheric Disturbed Index Based on ROTI.” Space Weather 23 (6): e2025SW004445. https://doi.org/10.1029/2025sw004445
• Wang, J., D. Moody, M. Werner, and D. Langley. 1998. “Transient Flowfield from a Ruptured Pressurized Cylinder.” In 29th AIAA, Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1998-2658. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2658
• Wang, Yunpeng, Hiroshi Ozawa, Hiroto Koyama, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2011b. “Simulation of Supersonic Stage Separation of Capsule-Shaped Abort System by Aerodynamic Interaction.” In 20th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3064. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3064
• Wang, J., and Ken Shih. 1991. “Numerical Studies on Inflatable Ballute as an Aerodynamic Decelerator for a Solid Rocket Motor Hypersonic Reentry.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-841. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-841
• Wang, Liwu, Mingzhang Tang, Yu Liu, and Sijun Zhang. 2021a. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Simulations of Parachute Deployment and Inflation.” In Volume 1: Aerospace Engineering Division Joint Track; Computational Fluid Dynamics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2021-65583
• Wang, Liwu, Mingzhang Tang, and Sijun Zhang. 2020b. “Numerical Simulation of Twin-Parachute Inflation Process for Aircraft Ejection Escape.” In Volume 3: Computational Fluid Dynamics; Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2020-20007
• Wang, Shiqing, Stefan T. Thynell, and Arindrajit Chowdhury. 2010a. “Experimental Study on Hypergolic Interaction betweenN,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylenediamine and Nitric Acid.” Energy & Fuels 24 (10): 5320–30. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef100593s
• Wang, Liwu, Weiping Tian, Linquan Chen, and Yunqiang Guo. 2020a. “Investigation of Carbon–Carbon Nozzle Throat Erosion in a Solid Rocket Motor under Acceleration Conditions.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 22 (1): 42–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00277-4
• Wang, Ten-See, and Luong Van. 1992. Numerical Analysis of the Hot-Gas-Side and Coolant-Side Heat Transfer in Liquid Rocket Engine Combustors. AIAA PAPER 92-3151. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920066154
• Wang, J., and J. Wang. 1997. “Coupled CFD and Rigid Body Dynamics Analysis for the Launch Vehicle Stage Separation.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-2944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2944
• Wang, Yan, Hua Wang, Cunyan Cui, Beilei Zhao, and Tengda Xin. 2019b. “Damage Analysis of Explosion Blast Wave to Rocket Structure and Payload.” IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 237: 032060. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/237/3/032060
• Wang, Qiuwang, Feng Wu, Min Zeng, Laiqin Luo, and Jiguo Sun. 2006. “Numerical Simulation and Optimization on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Cooling Channel of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber.” Engineering Computations 23 (8): 907–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/02644400610707793
• Wang, Ten-See, Xiang Zhao, Sijun Zhang, and Yen-Sen Chen. 2013b. “Development of an Aeroelastic Modeling Capability for Transient Nozzle Side Load Analysis.” In 49th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2013-3641. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3641
• Wanis, Sam, and Erian Armanios. 2000. “Acoustic Shaping in Microgravity: 3 Years of Flight Tests.” In 2000 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–8154
• Ward, P. R. 1986a. Development of a Reaction Wheel Attitude Control System for Sounding Rocket Experiments and Small Shuttle-Based Free Flyers. AIAA PAPER 86-2521. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028433
• Ward, P. 1986b. “Mutual Downwash Interference Effects on the Normal Force and Roll Driving Coefficients of Multi-Stage Rockets.” In 7th Conference on Sounding Rockets, Balloons and Related Space Systems. AIAA 1986-2528. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2528
• Ward, J., Jr. 1970. “Low-Cost Molded Plastic Sounding Rocket Motors.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1386. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1386
• Warfield, Matthew, and Robert Henke. 1989. “Navier-Stokes Analysis of Integrated Rocket Body and Plume Flowfields with Chemistry.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2896. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2896
• Warren, R. P., and J. W. Anderson. 1967. “A System for Venting a Propellant Tank in the Absence of Gravity.” In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0489-1_7
• Warwick, J. W., and H. Zirin. 1957. “Rocket Observation of X-Ray Emission in a Solar Flare.” Nature 180 (4584): 500–501. https://doi.org/10.1038/180500b0
• Wasilczuk, Filip, Marcin Kurowski, and Paweł Flaszyński. 2024. “Test Section Design for Measuring the Drag Coefficient of a Suborbital Rocket Model at Ma 2.45.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2024 (3): 86–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2024-0018
• Watanabe, Shigeto, and Tsutomu Kondo. 2011. “Ionosphere–Thermosphere Coupling in the Low-Latitude Region.” In Aeronomy of the Earth’s Atmosphere and Ionosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0326-1_28
• Watanabe, Takashi, Ichiro Naito, and Toshihiro Ogawa. 1992. “Atmospheric Temperature and Wind Profiles Measured by MT-135 Rocket Datasonde during the DYANA Campaign.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 44 (11): 1057–60. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.44.1057
• Watanabe, Yasuhide, Norio Sakazume, Koichi Yonezawa, and Yoshinobu Tsujimoto. 2004. “LE-7A Engine Nozzle Flow Separation Phenomenon and the Possibility of RSS Suppression by the Step inside the Nozzle.” In 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4014
• Watermann, Jurgen, and Hans Gleisner. 2008. AN/FMQ-12 Digital Ionospheric Sounding Systems in Greenland. Phase 3. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada487012
• Waters, Jamie. 2014. “Rocket Flight Path.” Undergraduate Journal of Mathematical Modeling One + Two 6 (1). https://doi.org/10.5038/2326-3652.6.1.4858
• Watkins, John. 1995. “A Parachute Reefing System to Promote Faster Canopy Inflation.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1566
• Watkins, John. 2003. “A Total Energy Method to Predict Parachute Canopy Inflation Forces.” In 17th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2003-2166. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-2166
• Watson, Fletcher. 1946. “Rockets vs. Meteoroids.” Science 104 (2696): 210–210. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.104.2696.210.a
• Watson, N. D. 1970. Payload/burned-out Motor Case Separation System Patent. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-XLA-05369. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710006212
• Watson, L. 1975. “Opening Parameters of 35-Ft. Canopy Nominal Diameter Extended Skirt Parachute.” In 5th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1975-1367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1367
• Watson, Michael D., James R. Neeley, and Ruby F. Blackburn. 2014. “Launch Vehicle Production and Operations Cost Metrics.” In SpaceOps 2014 Conference. AIAA 2014-1606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-1606
• Watt, Theodore M. 1964. Phase Height Oscillations in the Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0450432
• Watts, Gaines. 1995. “Dynamic Drag Force during Parachute Inflation.” In 13th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1995-1562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1562
• “Wave Disturbance Transport Caused by Rocket Launches Accompanied by Solar Terminator.” 2016. In Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the Near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614-10
• Waye, Donald. 1991. “Design and Performance of a Parachute for the Recovery of a 760-Lb Payload.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-882. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-882
• Waye, Donald, and Donald Waye. 1997. “The Development of a Flight Termination Parachute System for a 1900 Lb Payload.” In 14th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1997-1514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1514
• Weaver, John. n.d. “Modeling of the Chamber Flowfield in a Rod-and-Tube Configuration Solid Rocket Motor.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2004-05802
• Weaver, William L., and John T. Bowen. 1972. Entry Trajectory, Entry Environment, and Analysis of Spacecraft Motion for the RAM C-3 Flight Experiment. NASA-TM-X-2562. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720018215
• Webb, M. 1967. “The Application of Packaged Liquid Rocket Powerplants to Meteorological Rockets.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1333
• Webb, Willis L. 1968. “Meteorological Rocket Measurements in the Mesosphere.” In Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9_19
• Webb, W. W. 1976. Dynamic Control of SRB Thrust Tailoff for Separation. NASA-CR-147794. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760019161
• Webster, Charles. 1993. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Pyrotechnic Initiation System Description and Lessons Learned.” In 29th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1993-2068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2068
• Wehofer, S. 1963. Rocket Heat Transfer Measuring Devices and Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0411799
• Wei, Zhang. 1987. “Study of the Mechanism of Alumina Deposition at the Nozzle Throat Ofsolid Rocket Motor.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1823
• Wei, Chang. 1991. “Development of a Parachute and Flotation Bag System for Instrument Capsule Recovery.” In 11th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1991-885. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-885
• Wei, Shaojuan. 2017. “Particle Damping Characteristics of Low and Medium Frequency Oscillation in Solid Rocket Motor.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.59c106e9d462b80292389ea3
• Wei, Yanghong, Xiuqian Li, and Xueke Che. 2023c. “Study on the Effect of Combustion Efficiency of Variable Thrust Rocket Engines.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2551 (1): 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2551/1/012025
• Wei, Kuang-Chung, and Allan E. Pearson. 1974. Numerical Solution to the Optimal Control of a Gliding Parachute System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada013009
• Wei, Liang, Zhao Xin, Wu Peng Peng, Li Yu Xin, and Lv Shuai. 2024. “Design and Development of Miniature Measuring Instrument for Parachute Cords Dynamic Load for Stepless Parachute Opening.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202409.0084.v1
• Weimer, Daniel. 2022. “Protecting Satellites by Assessing the Density of Earth’s Upper Atmosphere.” Scientia. https://doi.org/10.33548/scientia821
• Weinacht, Paul. 1991. “Navier-Stokes Predictions of Pitch Damping for a Family of Flared Projectiles.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3339
• Weinacht, Paul. 1994. Navier-Stokes Predictions of Pitch-Damping for a Family of Flared Projectiles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada285923
• Weinacht, Paul. 1995. “Navier-Stokes Predictions of the Individual Components of the Pitch-Damping Coefficient Sum.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3458. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3458
• Weinacht, P. 1998. “Prediction of Pitch-Damping of Projectiles at Low Supersonic and Transonic Velocities.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-395. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-395
• Weinacht, Paul, and James Danberg. 2003. “Evaluation of Sacks’ Pitch-Damping Relationships.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5467
• Weinacht, Paul, and James E. Danberg. 2004. Prediction of the Pitch-Damping Coefficients Using Sacks Relations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada425202
• Weinacht, Paul, and Walter Sturek. 1990. “Navier-Stokes Predictions of Pitch Damping for Finned Projectiles Using Steady Coning Motion.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1990-3088. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3088
• Weirick, L. 1989. Shock-Wave Characterization of Energetic Booster-Rocket Propellant WAK-2 and Its Simulant UGS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/5435322
• Weirick, L. J. 1990. Attenuation Studies of Booster-Rocket Propellants and Their Simulants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/6551156
• Weismiller, Michael R., Chad E. Junkermeier, Michael F. Russo, Michael R. Salazar, Dmitry Bedrov, and Adri C. T. van Duin. 2015. “ReaxFF Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Intermediate Species in Dicyanamide Anion and Nitric Acid Hypergolic Combustion.” Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 23 (7): 074007. https://doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/23/7/074007
• Weisner, Allan G. 1956. “Measurement of Winds at Elevations of 30 to 80 Kilometers by the Rocket-Grenade Experiment.” Journal of Meteorology 13 (1): 30–39. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1956)013<0030:mowaeo>2.0.co;2
• Weiss, Aa. 1953. “The Structure of the F Region of the Ionosphere.” Australian Journal of Physics 6 (3): 291–303. https://doi.org/10.1071/ph530291
• Weiss, Alexander, Sylvester Abanteriba, and Thomas Esch. 2007. “Investigation of Flow Separation inside a Conical Rocket Nozzle with the Aid of an Annular Cross Flow.” In Volume 1: Symposia, Parts A and B. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37387
• Weiss, Jonathan, Russell Daines, and Charles Merkle. 1991. “Computation of Reacting Flowfields in Low-Thrust Rocket Engines.” In Conference on Advanced SEI Technologies. AIAA 1991-3557. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3557
• Weiss, Jonathan, and Charles Merkle. 1991. “Numerical Investigation of Reacting Flowfields in Low-Thrust Rocket Engine Combustors.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2080
• Weissbrodt, Peter, L. Raupach, and Erich J. Hacker. 1994. “Improved Method for Contamination Control during Fabrication of Space Equipment.” In SPIE Proceedings, edited by Thierry M. Dewandre, Joachim J. Schulte-in-den-Baeumen, Emmanuel Sein. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.188127
• Weisskopf, M. 1979. Space Optics: Imaging X-Ray Optics Workshop; Proceedings of the Seminar, Huntsville, Ala., May 22-24, 1979. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800033299
• Weisskopf, Martin C. 2013. From a Sounding Rocket per Year to an Observatory per Lifetime. M13-2493. NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20130013053
• Welberg, Dietmar, Markus Werner, and Jean-Philippe Dutheil. 2015. “A Flight Control System for the Rocket-Propelled and Ballistic Flight Phases for a SubOrbital SpacePlane Application.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4123. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4123
• Welle, Richard, Brian Hardy, John Murdock, Ari Majamaki, and Gary Hawkins. 2003. “Separation Instabilities in Overexpanded Nozzles.” In 39th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5239. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5239
• Welsh, C. J. 1985. Test Fixture Effects in Vibration Tests of Rocket Motors. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada161403
• Welsh, C. J., and R. M. Watt. 1967. Effects of Roll on the Free-Flight Motion of Statically Stable Bodies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0658433
• Welsh, William E., and Arvel B. Witte. 1962. “A Comparison of Analytical and Experimental Local Heat Fluxes in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Thrust Chambers.” Journal of Heat Transfer 84 (1): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3684282
• Welton, D., M. Bensky, and J. Hiland. 1963. “Variable-Thrust Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines.” In Summer Meeting. AIAA 1963-268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-268
• Wen, Chunyu, Tianxin Li, Tianxing Zhou, Haoming Shi, and Chunyan Wang. 2022. “Parachute Control System of Sounding Rocket Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion.” In International Conference on Mechanisms and Robotics (ICMAR 2022), edited by Zeguang Pei. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652783
• Wen, Yang, Li Bin Zhao, and Feng Rui Liu. 2013. “Random Vibration Analysis of Rivets on Payload Structure.” Advanced materials research 787: 803–7. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.787.803
• Wennerberg, Dag, and Oliver Knab. 2001. “Effective Calculation of Multiphase Flow Fields in Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3407. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3407
• Wente, H. 1982. “The Strypi VII R Launch Vehicle.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1743. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1743
• Wenzhi, Hao, Zhu Hao, He Wei, and Zhang Zhiguo. 2024. “Design Optimization of a Low-Cost Three-Stage Launch Vehicle with Modular Hybrid Rocket Motors.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2764 (1): 012026. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2764/1/012026
• Werlink, Rudolph J., James E. Fesmire, and Jared P. Sass. 2011. “Vibration Considerations for Cryogenic Tanks Using Glass Bubbles Insulation.” In Cryogenic Engineering Conference and International Cryogenic Materials Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110014398
• Wernert, Philippe, Spilios Theodoulis, and Yannick Morel. 2010. “Flight Dynamics Properties of 155 Mm Spin-Stabilized Projectiles Analyzed in Different Body Frames.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7640. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7640
• Wertheimer, Albert. 1957. “Note on the Limiting Velocity of a Rocket When the Mass Ratio Approaches Unity.” American Journal of Physics 25 (6): 385–86. https://doi.org/10.1119/1.1934474
• Wertz, James R. 1978a. “Single-Axis Attitude Determination Methods.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9907-7_11
• Wertz, James R. 1978d. “State Estimation Attitude Determination Methods.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9907-7_13
• Wertz, James R. 1978e. “Three-Axis Attitude Determination Methods.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9907-7_12
• Wessling, Francis C. 1997. “Remote Control Video Cameras on a Suborbital Rocket.” In Space technology and applications international forum (STAIF - 97). ASCE. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.52086
• Wessling, Francis C., and Charles A. Lundquist. 1990. “Low Gravity Investigations in Suborbital Rockets.” In NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920055667
• Wessling, Francis C., and George W. Maybee. 1991a. “Consort and Joust Sounding Rocket Missions.” In AIAA/IKI Microgravity Science Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920030282
• Wessling, Francis C., and George W. Maybee. 1991b. Sounding Rocket Lessons Learned. AIAA PAPER 91-0715. Alabama, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910034807
• West, Kenneth O. 1976. Yaw Card Range Tests of a 30mm Target Projectile. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb014108
• West, Edward A., Ken Kobayashi, Jonathan Cirtain, Allen Gary, John Davis, and Joseph Reader. 2009. “Toroidal Variable-Line-Space Gratings: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly.” In International Society for Optical Engineering. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090034843
• West, E. A., K. Kobayashi, J. M. Davis, and G. A. Gary. 2007. “The Solar Ultraviolet Magnetograph Investigation Sounding Rocket Program.” In International Society for Optical Engineering. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080000777
• Westcot, G. D., and J. E. Hausman. 1964. “Altitude Simulation Facilities for Rocket Test Firing.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/640283
• Weuta, Peter H. 2018. “Development of Low Cost Propulsion Systems for Launch and InSpace Applications.” In Proceedings of the 13th Reinventing Space Conference. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32817-1_25
• Wexler, H. 1950. “Annual and Diurnal Temperature Variations in the Upper Atmosphere.” Tellus A. https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v2i4.8604
• Weyland, H., and H. Weyland. 1997. “Hybrid Rocket Motor Fuel Studies.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3077. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3077
• Weymann, R. J. 1968. “The Cosmic X-Ray Background.” In Highlights of Astronomy. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3417-3_22
• Whalley, Ian A. 1973. “Development of the B-1 Crew Module Parachute Recovery System.” In 4th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1973-467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-467
• Wheeler, Timothy, Rose Marra, Jack Mitchell, and Charles Croskey. 2001. “S.P.I.R.I.T. Student Rocket Payload: Characteristics of a Long-Duration Undergraduate Research Project.” In 2001 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–9794
• White, B. 1974. “Numerical Solutions to the Opening Dynamics of a Parachute.” In 10th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1974-267. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-267
• White, John. 1989. “A Lambert Targeting Procedure for Rocket Systems That Lack Velocity Control.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1989-3442. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3442
• White, John. 1991. “Attitude Control of a Spinning Rocket via Thrust Vectoring.” In Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1991-2617. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2617
• White, Locke., and W. J. Barrett. 1956. “Determination of Water in Fuming Nitric Acid by near-Infrared Absorption.” Analytical Chemistry 28 (10): 1538–42. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60118a011
• White, J., and J. Etter. 1988. “Linear-Quadratic-Regulator Pointing Control System for a High-Altitude Balloon Payload.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4109. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4109
• White Sands Missile Range Nm. 1997. Stress Level Testing of Missile and Rocket Systems during Development Tests (Environmental Stress Screening). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada340980
• Whitehead, John. 2000. “Launch Vehicle Cost: A Low Tech Analysis.” In 36th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-3140. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3140
• Whiteman, Donald E., Lisa M. Valencia, and James C. Simpson. 2005. Space-Based Range Safety and Future Space Range Applications. NASA/TM-2005-213662. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050207441
• Whitfield, H. 1968. “Solid Rocket Motor Case Summary.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-654. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-654
• Whitmore, Stephen A., and Joel Marshall. 2017. “Thrust-Augmented Nozzle for a Hybrid Rocket with a 3-D Printed Helical Fuel Grain.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4983. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4983
• Whitmore, Stephen A., Stephen L. Merkley, Sean D. Walker, and Zachary S. Spurrier. 2015. “Throttled Launch-Assist Hybrid Rocket Motor for an Airborne NanoSat Launch Platform.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3940. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3940
• Whitmore, Stephen A., Zachary S. Spurrier, Sean D. Walker, and Stephen L. Merkley. 2016. “Throttled Launch-Assist Hybrid Rocket Motor for an Airborne NanoSat Launch Platform.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4658. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4658
• Whittaker, A. Greenville, Harry Williams, and Penniman M. Rust. 1957. “Burning-Rate Studies. a Negative Pressure Exponent in the Consumption-Rate Equation for a Liquid System.” Journal of Chemical Physics 26 (3): 717–18. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1743390
• Whttehead, J. D. 1960. “The Mesopause Region of the Ionosphere.” Nature 186 (4723): 461–461. https://doi.org/10.1038/186461a0
• Wichmann, H. 1973. “An Advanced Regulator for the Helium Pressurization Systems of the Space Shuttle OMS and RCS.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1309
• Wiegand, James H. 1961. Study of Mechanical Properties of Solid Rocket Propellant. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0258883
• Wiens, Rudolph H., and Paul J. Thomas. 1999. “TURTLE: Turbopause Underside Rocket Temperature Lidar Experiment.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3756, edited by Allen M. Larar. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366385
• Wignall, T. J. 2024. “Development of a Data Fusion Methodology for Lineload Aerodynamic Databases for a Launch Vehicle during Liftoff and Transition.” PhD diss., North Carolina State University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230017989
• Wiharta, Dewa Made, Nyoman Putra Sastra, and A. A. B. Rama Windhu Putra. 2023. “GPS-Based Rocket Payload Position Tracking System.” JST (Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi) 12 (1): 48–55. https://doi.org/10.23887/jstundiksha.v12i1.55069
• Wijaya, Yusuf Giri, Nur Mufidatul Ula, M. Muksin, and Mukhael Gilang Pribadi Putra Pratama. 2021. “Analysis of Vibration in Payload Room Due to Engine Vibration on LSU-05 NG.” Computational And Experimental Research In Materials And Renewable Energy 4 (1): 21. https://doi.org/10.19184/cerimre.v4i1.24963
• Wilby, J. F., and A. G. Piersol. 1981. “Analytical Prediction of Aerospace Vehicle Vibration Environments.” In American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035770
• Wilcox, Brian. 2007. Launching Payloads into Orbit at Relatively Low Cost. NPO-20908. California Inst. of Tech. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100010981
• Wilde, Paul D. 2015. “Impact Testing and Improvements in Aircraft Vulnerability Modeling for Range Safety.” In Space Safety is No Accident. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15982-9_66
• Wilde, Markus, Hamid Hefazi, Kurt Winkelmann, et al. 2018. “ARISE: Sounding Rocket Instrument for the Verification of a Novel Wire Repair Method in Microgravity.” In 2018 AIAA SPACE and Astronautics Forum and Exposition. AIAA 2018-5339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5339
• Wilde, P., and P. Wilde. 1997. “A Cost-Effective Means to Predict the Nutational Stability Time Constant of Spin-Stabilized Satellite.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1997-3619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3619
• Wilfong, Timothy, Sr., Christy Crosair, Billie Boyd, and Scott Heckman. 1996. “Upper Air Data Systems to Support Space Launch Range Activities.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-266. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-266
• Wilke, Richard. 1967. “Nutation Divergence during Atmosphere Exit of a Spin-Stabilized Probe.” In Sounding Rocket Vehicle Technology Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-1321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-1321
• Wilkerson, Phillip, Genevieve Vigil, Amy Winebarger, Patrick Champey, Ken Kobayashi, and Nicolas Donders. 2019. Design, Testing, and Implementation of the Marshall Grazing Incidence X-Ray Spectrometer Slit-Jaw Context Imaging System. MSFC-E-DAA-TN76460. Alabama Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190034004
• Williams, M. L. 1968. The Chemistry and Mechanics of Combustion with Applications to Rocket Engine Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0847204
• Williams, C. P. 1986. Electronic Timer for Sounding Rocket Payload Use. AIAA PAPER 86-2550. NASA Wallops Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870028451
• Williams, Forman A. 2004a. Combustion Processes and Instabilities in Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada420091
• Williams, Forman A. 2004b. Fundamental Studies of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Combustion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada425218
• Williamson, L. E. 1966. Gun-Launched Vertical Probes at White Sands Missile Range. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0482330
• Williamson, P. R., W. F. Denig, P. M. Banks, et al. 1982. “Measurement of Vehicle Potential Using a Mother-Daughter Tethered Rocket.” In Artificial particle beams in space plasma studies; Advanced Research Institute. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830052994
• Wilson, Brigid. n.d. “Exergy Analysis of Launch Vehicles.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/0adb116
• Wilson, E. M. 1953. A Study of the Ignition Delay of Triethyl Trithiophosphite with Nitric Acid in an Impinging-Stream Rocket Starter Motor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0005343
• Wilson, D. Mc. L. A. 1960. “Electron Density Measurements in the Upper Ionosphere Using the Faraday Rotation of Radio Signals from Artificial Satellites.” Nature 186 (4725): 623–24. https://doi.org/10.1038/186623a0
• Wilson, R. 1965. “First Launching of the British Stabilized Skylark Rocket.” Symposium - International Astronomical Union 23: 79–80. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900179446
• Wilson, G. 1967. Technique for Predicting Nonlinear Wind Compensation of Ballistic Rocket Systems.. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4579929
• Wilson, W. W. 1976. Mariner Jupiter/Saturn LCSSE Thruster/valve Assembly and Injection Propulsion Unit Rocket Engine Assemblies: 0.2-Lbf T/VA Development and Margin Limit Test Report, Addendum. NASA-CR-148543. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760021251
• Wilson, D. J. 1983. “Wind Monitoring along the Trajectory in Support of Rocket Firings.” In 2nd Topical Meeting on Coherent Laser Radar: Technology and Applications. Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/clr.1983.wa7
• Wilson, William. 1995. “Next Generation Low Cost Launch System (LCLS).” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1995-3665. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3665
• Wilson, A., and J. Connors. 1994. “LOW-COST LIQUID UPPER STAGE FOR THE LOCKHEED LAUNCH VEHfCLE.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3378. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3378
• Wilson, G., and US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC). 1967. A Technique for Predicting Nonlinear Wind Compensation of Ballistic Rocket Systems.. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4234227
• Wilson, H., Jr. 1966. “A New Technique for Simulating Rocket Engine Flow for Study of Base Heating Problems.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-760. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-760
• Winch, P., and R. Irvine. 1986. “Forced Cone Burning for Active Control of Solid Propellant Burning Rate.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1710. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1710
• Winchenbach, G. L. 1997. Aerodynamic Testing in a Free-Flight Spark Range. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada328536
• Winckler, John R. 1956. “Cosmic-Ray Increase at High Altitude on February 23, 1956.” Physical Review 104 (1): 220–220. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.104.220
• Winckler, J. R. 1974a. “Investigation of Electron Dynamics in the Magnetosphere with Electron Beams Injected from Sounding Rockets.” Zeitschrift fuer Geophysik 40 (6, 19). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750037866
• Winckler, J. R. 1974b. “An Investigation of Wave-Particle Interactions and Particle Dynamics Using Electron Beams Injected from Sounding Rockets.” Space Science Reviews 15 (6). https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00241060
• Winckler, J. R. 1975. Investigation of Electron Dynamics in the Magnetosphere with Electron Beams Injected from Sounding Rockets. Minnesota, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750051483
• Winckler, J. 1982. “Large Sounding Rockets as a Base for Probing the Distant Magnetosphere.” In 6th Sounding Rocket Conference. AIAA 1982-1718. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1718
• Winckler, J. R., and K. A. Anderson. 1957. “High-Altitude Cosmic-Ray Latitude Effect from 51° to 65°N Geomagnetic Latitude.” Physical Review 108 (1): 148–54. https://doi.org/10.1103/physrev.108.148
• Windsor, R. M. 1976. Goddard Space Flight Center Sounding Rocket Facilities at White Sands Missile Range. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760052312
• Windsor, R. M. 1979. Adaptation of Solar Sounding Rocket Payloads for Shuttle. AIAA PAPER 79-0487. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041743
• Windt, David L. 2015. “Advancements in Hard x-Ray Multilayers for x-Ray Astronomy.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9603, edited by Stephen L. O’Dell, Giovanni Pareschi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2187481
• Winebarger, Amy. n.d. “Critical Developments Made through the Sounding Rocket Program.” In 23rd Meeting of the American Geophysical Union (AGU). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230018001
• Wineman, Andrew R. 1951. Preliminary Investigation of a Fin-Actuated Jet-Vane Control System for Stabilization of Rocket-Powered Models. NACA-RM-L50K17. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086425
• Wing, L. 1970. “Practical Methods for Predicting Aerodynamic Heating Effects on Sounding Rockets.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1399
• Wing, L. 1973. “A Method for Calculating Aerodynamic Heating on Sounding Rocket Tangent Ogive Noses.” In 3rd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1973-281. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-281
• Wing, L. D. 1979a. Sounding Rocket Thermal Analysis Techniques Applied to GAS Payloads. AIAA PAPER 79-0495. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790041747
• Wing, L. 1979b. “Sounding Rocket Thermal Analysis Techniques Applied to GAS payloadsGet Away Special Payloads (STS).” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-495
• Winick, Jeremy R. 1983. “Photochemical Processes in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” In Astrophysics and Space Science Library. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-7194-3_23
• Winter, Michael. 1996. “In-Flight Laser Diagnostics for Microgravity Droplet Combustion.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-923
• Winter, Rebecca L., and Mohammad Kassemi. 2026. “CFD Model Predictions of Zero Boil-Off Unvented and Vented Tank Filling in Microgravity.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9943653/v1
• Wintersteiner, Peter P., and Robert A. Joseph. 1986. Development of Models for Infrared Emission in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada173633
• Wirzberger, Hod, and Sara Yaniv. 2007. “Solid Rocket Motor Ignition Transient Phenomenom and Pressure Buildup CFD Simulation.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5795. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5795
• Wise, Henry, and Maurice F. Frech. 1950. Reaction Kinetics of Rocket Propellant Gases. 1. Rate of Decomposition of Nitric Oxide at Elevated Temperatures and Appendix. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada800133
• Wisniewska, Natalia, Andrzej Rafalski, Bartosz Ziegler, and Krzysztof Walas. 2025. Comparative Analysis of Robust and Predictive Control Approaches for Sounding Rocket Attitude Control. https://doi.org/10.52202/083087-0003
• Witkowski, Allen. 1999. “The Stardust Sample Return Capsule Parachute Recovery System.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1741. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1741
• Witkowski, Allen, Mike Kandis, and Douglas Adams. 2009. “Inflation Characteristics of the MSL Disk Gap Band Parachute.” In 20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2009-2915. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2915
• Witkowski, Allen, Larry Williams, and Daniel Hinson. 2022. “Spin Recovery Parachute System for General Aviation Aircraft.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2737
• Witschas, Benjamin, Sonja Gisinger, Stephan Rahm, Andreas Dörnbrack, David C. Fritts, and Markus Rapp. 2023. “Airborne Coherent Wind Lidar Measurements of the Momentum Flux Profile from Orographically Induced Gravity Waves.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 16 (4): 1087–1101. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-16-1087-2023
• Witt, Emily M., Brian Fleming, James C. Green, et al. 2023. “INFUSE: Preflight Performance of a Rocket-Borne FUV Integral Field Spectrograph.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXIII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund, Keri Hoadley. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2677844
• Witt, Emily M., Brian T. Fleming, James C. Green, et al. 2021. “INFUSE: Assembly and Alignment of a Rocket-Borne FUV Integral Field Spectrograph.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594290
• Wittendorfer, Kurt, and Kurt Wittendorfer. 1997. “Force-Limited Autoregulated Parachute Inflation.” In 14th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1997-1532. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-1532
• Wojciechowski, K., H. Graczyk, M. Piwowarczyk, R. Truszkowski, and P. Rękawek. 2023. “Data Acquisition Unit for Suborbital Rocket Vibration Measurement.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2526 (1): 012064. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2526/1/012064
• Wolf, Dean. n.d. “The Dynamic Stability of a Nonrigid Parachute and Payload System.” PhD diss., University of Rhode Island. https://doi.org/10.23860/diss-2519
• Wolf, D. 1970. “The Dynamic Stability of a Nonrigid Parachute and Payload System.” In 8th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1970-209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-209
• Wolf, D. 1973. “A Simplified Dynamic Model of Parachute Inflation.” In 4th Aerodynamic Deceleration Systems Conference. AIAA 1973-450. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-450
• Wolf, D. 1989. “A Coupling Apparent Mass for Parachute Inflation Equations.” In 10th Aerodynamic Decelerator Conference. AIAA 1989-933. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-933
• Wolf, Dean. 1999. “Parachute Opening Shock.” In 15th Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 1999-1702. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-1702
• Wolf, Dean, and Edward Fallon. 2011. “Development of Parachute Opening Factor (Ck) Models for the Ares I First Stage Parachute Recovery System.” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2555
• Wolf, Robert, and Gary Henry. 1992. “Hybrid Rocket Education at the U.S. Air Force Academy.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3300. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3300
• Wolf, Dean, and Roy E. Runkle. 1995. “Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster Lightweight Recovery System.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960047493
• Wolff, R. S. 1975. The X-Ray Morphology of the Perseus Cluster of Galaxies. Columbia University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750051492
• Wolff, J. J., Jr., and J. F. Fitz. 1972. Compilation of Weights, Balance, CG, and Moments of Inertia for Sounding Rocket Payloads. NASA-TM-X-65966. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720021237
• Wong, E. 1968. “Solid Rocket Nozzle Design Summary.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-655
• Wong, Ming S. 1971. Ray Tracing in the Troposphere, Ionosphere and Magnetosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0726997
• Wong, E., and W. Breckenridge. 1981. “Inertial Attitude Determination for a Dual-Spin Planetary Spacecraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1764
• Wong, Anthony K., and James Brown. 1965. Malfunction of Igniters in the Amra Variable Parameter Rocket Engine. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0626273
• Wong, Anthony K., and James Brown. 1968. Titanium Carbide Content Effect on Erosion in Cermet Rocket Nozzles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0681920
• Wong, Chung M., Aura C. Labatete-Goeppinger, Jesse D. Fowler, Myriam P. Easton, and De-Ling Liu. 2016. “Outgassing Study of Spacecraft Materials and Contaminant Transport Simulations.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9952, edited by Joanne Egges, Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2239103
• Wong, E., and J. Lai. 1980. “Attitude Determination of Galileo Spacecraft from Star Data.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1980-1732. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1732
• Wongyai, Potchara. 2021. “Fuel Regression Rate Estimation Model for Swirling-Flow Hybrid Rocket Engines.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14665281
• Wood, B. J. 1970. Research Related to Measurements of Atomic Species in the Earth’s Upper Atmosphere Quarterly Status Report. NASA-CR-112646. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700026632
• Wood, Bobby, Jeffrey Garrett, George Meadows, et al. 2007. “Updated Version of the NASA SEE Program Spacecraft Contamination and Materials Outgassing Effect Knowledgebase.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-907. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-907
• Wood, Bob E., B. David Green, O. Manuel Uy, Russell P. Cain, and Jason Thorpe. 1999. “Satellite Contamination and Materials Outgassing Effects Databases.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3784, edited by Philip T. C. Chen, Zu-Han Gu, Alexei A. Maradudin. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.366696
• Wood, B., B. Green, O. Uy, R. Cain, and Jason Thorpe. 2000. “Materials Outgassing Effects and Satellite Contamination Database.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-241
• Wood, T. David, Howard S. Kanner, Donna M. Freeland, and Derek T. Olson. 2011. “Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) Flight System Integration at Its Best.” In Department of the Navy. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120003006
• Woodroffe, J. 1975. “One-Dimensional Model for Low-Altitude Rocket Exhaust Plumes.” In 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1975-244. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-244
• Woods, Thomas N., Scott M. Bailey, Stanley C. Solomon, and Gary J. Rottman. 1992a. “Far Ultraviolet and Extreme Ultraviolet Rocket Instrumentation for Measuring the Solar Spectral Irradiance and Terrestrial Airglow.” In In: Instrumentation for planetary and terrestrial atmospheric remote sensing; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-27076 09-35). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930043092
• Woods, Thomas N., Scott M. Bailey, Stanley C. Solomon, and Gary J. Rottman. 1992b. “Far Ultraviolet and Extreme Ultraviolet Rocket Instrumentation for Measuring the Solar Spectral Irradiance and Terrestrial Airglow.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1745, edited by Supriya Chakrabarti, Andrew B. Christensen. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.60607
• Woods, Thomas N., Gary J. Rottman, Scott M. Bailey, and Stanley C. Solomon. 1993. Vacuum Ultraviolet Instrumentation for Solar Irradiance and Thermospheric Airglow. NASA-CR-194525. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940010211
• Woronowicz, Michael S. 2022. “Molecular Flow Venting of a Volume with an Outgassing or Desorbing Source.” In Space Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2022, edited by Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge, Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2640816
• Wozney, Clayton Edward. 2021. “Comparison of Solid Rocket Motor Thrust Modulation Technique.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14646417.v1
• Wright, J. W. 1959a. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere 1. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40
• Wright, J. W. 1959b. Mean Electron Density Variations of the Quiet Ionosphere 2. National Bureau of Standards. https://doi.org/10.6028/nbs.tn.40-2
• Wright, Michael. 1990. “Creating a Rocket-Building Institution: The History of the MarshallSpace Flight Center.” In Space Programs and Technologies Conference. AIAA 1990-3614. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3614
• Wright, J. W., and A. K. Paul. 1974. “Electron Density Profiles from Ionograms: Comparisons with Rocket Profiles.” In COSPAR: Methods of Measurements and Results of Lower Ionosphere Structure. De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783112748077-005
• Wright, A., A. Tomany, A. Wright, and M. Hudson. 1999. “Pressure Measurement in the Post-Combustion Section of a Hybrid Rocket Motor.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2536
• Wright, R. L., and E. V. Zoby. 1977. “Flight Boundary Layer Transition Measurements on a Slender Cone at Mach 20.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770054207
• Wu, Andy. 1996. “Precision Attitude Determination for LEO Spacecraft.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1996-3753. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3753
• Wu, Jianfei. 2026. Transport of the High-Latitude Sodium Layer in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu26-8673
• Wu, Yao, and Junyu Chen. 2026. “Error Analysis of Thermosphere Atmospheric Density for HASDM Method Based on SWARM-C Satellite Data.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 46 (1): 76. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2026.01.2025-0012
• Wu, Jianfei, Wuhu Feng, Xianghui Xue, Daniel Robert Marsh, and John M. C. Plane. 2024a. “Effects of Nonmigrating Diurnal Tides on the Na Layer in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2024-1792
• Wu, Jianfei, Wuhu Feng, Xianghui Xue, Daniel Robert Marsh, and John M. C. Plane. 2025. Effects of Nonmigrating Diurnal Tides on the Na Layer in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu25-7659
• Wu, P.-K., R. Fuller, P. Morlan, D. Ruttle, A. Nejad, and W. Anderson. 1999. “Development of a Pressure-Fed Rocket Engine Using Hydrogen Peroxide and JP-8.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2877
• Wu, Jianjun, Yuwei Liu, Yuqiang Cheng, Shuming Yang, and Yang Li. 2026a. “Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Health Monitoring Technologies: A Survey, Insights, and Prospects.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 166: 101251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2026.101251
• Wu, Mao-Fou, US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), and National Science Foundation. 1969. Topside Ionosphere Electron Density Concentration: Observation and Theory. Report No. 23. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/4147014
• Wu, Feng, Qiuwang Wang, Laiqin Luo, Hiroyuki Ozoe, and Jiguo Sun. 2003. “303 Numerical Simulation on Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow in Cooling Channel of Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber.” Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2003.16 (0): 177–78. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2003.16.177
• Wu, N., J. H. Wang, and L. Shen. 2017. “Numerical Study of a Three Dimensional Interaction between Two Bow Shock Waves and the Aerodynamic Heating on a Wedge Shaped Nose Cone.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 187: 012001. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/187/1/012001
• Wu, Jun, Jian Wu, Jie Feng, et al. 2024b. “Electron Density Enhancement over a Wide Altitude Range during Ionosphere Heating Experiments at EISCAT.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.170689261.15020750/v1
• Wu, Hao, and Zhiyu Zhang. 2023. “Analysis of the Development of Reusable Launch Vehicle Technology.” Applied and Computational Engineering 11 (1): 65–75. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/11/20230209
• Wu, Jianjun, Yulin Zhang, and Qizhi Chen. 1996a. “Real-Time Fault Detection Algorithm Based on Neural Networks for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2591. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2591
• Wu, Jianjun, Yulin Zhang, and Qizhi Chen. 1996b. “A Real-Time Verification System on Fault Diagnosis Methods for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 32nd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-2831. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2831
• Wukelic, G. E. 2024a. “Optical Phenomena in the Upper Atmosphere.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032674247-8
• Wukelic, G. E. 2024b. “Physical Properties of the Upper Atmosphere.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032674247-9
• Wukelic, G. E., and R. A. Duffee. 2024. “Vertical Research Rockets.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032674247-2
• Wurster, W. H., and D. W. Boyer. 1974. Experimental Investigation of Rocket Plume Radiation at Low Altitudes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0782263
• Wurster, Kathryn E., E. Vincent Zoby, and Richard A. Thompson. 1989. Influence of Flowfield and Vehicle Parameters on Engineering Aerothermal Methods. AIAA PAPER 89-1769. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890055908
• Wyllie, Tim. 2001. “Parachute Recovery for UAV Systems.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 73 (6): 542–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660110696696
• Wyman, F. E. 1951a. Relative Radiation Density and Temperature Distribution of Rocket Flames. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb201509
• Wyman, F. E. 1951b. Temperature Measurements of Rocket Flames. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada456634
• X-Ray Astronomy from Sounding Rocket at MIT. 1972. NASA-CR-133211. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730017153
• X-Ray Telescope Experiment Package Final Progress Report, 12 Oct. 1965: 15 Mar. 1966. 1966. NASA-CR-77647. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660026497
• Xia, Yang, and R. Schwane. 2004. “CFD-Aided Aerodynamic Stability Analysis of an Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle under the Influence of Unsteady Side Loads.” In 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2004-2418. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2418
• Xia, Jian, Shuling Tian, and Yizhao Wu. 2009. “Numerical Simulation of Parachute Inflation Process Using an Overset Deforming Grids Method.” Modern Physics Letters B 23 (03): 305–8. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0217984909018266
• Xiao, Y., and Ryo S. Amano. 2009. “Study of Flow in Combustion Chamber of Solid Rocket Motor.” In Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium On Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer. Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2009.turbulheatmasstransf.130
• Xiao, Yang, Hang-Cheng Dong, Tieyong Zeng, Tinghao Ma, Feng-Lei Fan, and Deng-Tao Yang. 2022. “Predicting Propellant Properties of Boron-Based Hypergolic Ionic Liquids via Machine Learning.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv-2022-03m5q
• Xiao, Qing, Her Mann Tsai, and Dimitri Papamoschou. 2007b. “Numerical Study of Jet Plume Instability from an Overexpanded Nozzle.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1319
• Xiaodong, Ma, Guo Rui, Liu Rongzhong, and Lv Shengtao. 2015. “Influence of Structure Parameters and Velocity on Inflation Performance of Vortex Ring Parachute.” In Proceedings of the 2015 Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/jimet-15.2015.209
• Xie, Kan, Xinmin Chen, Junwei Li, and Yu Liu. 2019a. “Erosion Characteristics of Fluidic Throat in Solid-Rocket Motors.” In Fluidic Nozzle Throats in Solid Rocket Motors. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6439-6_8
• Xie, Kan, Xinmin Chen, Junwei Li, and Yu Liu. 2019b. “Thrust Modulation Process of Fluidic Throat for Solid Rocket Motors.” In Fluidic Nozzle Throats in Solid Rocket Motors. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6439-6_7
• Xiong, Juntao. 2018. “Nonlinear Combustion Instability in a Multi-Injector Rocket Engine.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4676
• Xiong, Jingwei, Shang Liu, and Hongbo Zhang. 2024. “Design and Validation of Adrc-Based Variable-Thrust Control for a Low-Cost Ethanol-Oxygen Rocket Engine.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4911204
• Xu, Chun-xian. 1984. “The Anisotropy of the Diffuse Cosmic X-Ray Background.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 4 (3): 253. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss1984.03.253
• Xu, Qiang. 2005. “Study the Noise Characteristics of a Single-Chamber Two-Stage Rocket Motor.” In 11th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 2005-2933. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-2933
• Xu, Qiang. 2006. “Rocket Plume Temperature Measurement by Wire-Welded Thermocouples.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 6222, edited by Valentin Korman. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.659993
• Xu, Kunmei, Guobiao Cai, and Yuntao Zheng. 2006. “Flow Field Numerical Study within Thrust Chamber of Aerospace Small Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c4.p.1.06
• Xu, Gang, Ru Bo Geng, and Ning Bo Zhang. 2011. “Modeling and Simulation for Parachute Inflation Process Based on Finite Element Method.” Advanced Materials Research 328-330: 2198–2202. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.328-330.2198
• Xu, Y., H. Guo, Z. Wang, and G. Liang. 2024a. “Design and Simulation of an Automatic Tank Pressurization System for Ground Test of Small Thrust LREs.” IET Conference Proceedings 2023 (43): 223–28. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2024.0656
• Xu, Qiang, Cong Jin, and Guangxuan Liao. 2002. “Characteristics of near-Field Rocket Noise of a Single-Chamber Two-Stage Rocket Engine.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4301. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4301
• Xu, Jiyao, and Yingjian Wang. 1998. “The Study of the Heating Processes in Stratosphere,mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 18 (2): 146. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss1998.02.146
• Xu, Fan, Zheng xin Wang, and Hong Zhi Yu. 2013. “Indirect Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding Mode Control and Application to Tank Pressurization System.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314: 403–8. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.403
• Xu, Tao, Jing Yang, Kang Wang, and Wenbo Wang. 2026. “Model-Inertial Deep Fusion Navigation and Impact Point Uncertainty Quantification for Rocket Sub-Stages under Prolonged GNSS Outages.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3300 (1): 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3300/1/012019
• Xu, Xiafan, Zhongli Zhang, Zhaozhao Gao, Liubiao Chen, and Junjie Wang. 2025a. “Experimental Study on the Transient Thermodynamic Behavior of Gas–Liquid Flow in a Cryogenic Zero Boil-Off Storage Tank.” Journal of Thermal Science and Engineering Applications 17 (10): 101006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4068950
• Xue, X., S. Luo, and C. Y. Wen. 2019. “Numerical Simulation of Effect of Angle of Attack on a Supersonic Parachute System.” In 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 2. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91017-8_114
• Xue, Yuqin, Xinyue Zhang, Hanfeng Wang, Ben Guan, Ge Wang, and Lei Chen. 2025. “Effect of Permeable Section Length on Altitude-Compensating Rocket Nozzle Thrust Performance.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3026 (1): 012058. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3026/1/012058
• Ya’acob, Norsuzila, Mardina Abdullah, and Mahamod B. Ismail. 2010. “GPS Total Electron Content (TEC) Prediction at Ionosphere Layer over the Equatorial Region.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/8474
• Yager, Robert J. 2013. Calculating Atmospheric Conditions (Temperature, Pressure, Air Density, and Speed of Sound) Using C++. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada588839
• Yaggy, K. 1984. “Analysis of Propellant Flow into Evacuated and Pressurized Lines.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1346. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1346
• Yakovleva, Olga, Galina Kushnarenko, and Galina Kuznetsova. 2021. “Behavior of Electron Density in the Ionosphere over Norilsk during the Period of Declining Solar Activity.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 7 (2): 70–73. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-72202107
• Yamada, K., M. Goto, and N. Ishikawa. 1975. “A Simulative Study on the Erosive Burning of Solid Rocket Motors.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1201
• Yamada, Kazuhiko, Yasunori Nagata, Takashi Abe, Kojiro Suzuki, Osamu Imamura, and Daisuke Akita. 2013. “Reentry Demonstration of Flare-Type Membrane Aeroshell for Atmospheric Entry Vehicle Using a Sounding Rocket.” In AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems (ADS) Conference. AIAA 2013-1388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1388
• Yamada, Kazuhiko, Yasunori Nagata, and Tatsuro Nakao. 2022. “Flight Data Analysis of Reentry Capsule with Deployable Aeroshell in Sounding Rocket S-520-31 Experiment.” In 26th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2022-2712. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2712
• Yamamoto, Mamoru. 2023. Dual-Band Beacon (DBB) Experiment of Total Electron Content (TEC) from COSMIC-2 and Sounding Rocket. https://doi.org/10.46620/ursigass.2023.3442.vcrl7659
• Yamamoto, Fumio, Takayuki Mizutani, Takao Yokota, et al. 1984. “Halogen Cycle Operation Test under Microgravity Conditions Using Sounding Rocket.” Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 23 (2A): L75. https://doi.org/10.1143/jjap.23.l75
• Yamamoto, Takeki, and Takahiro Yamada. 2019. “Elastic Buckling of Cylindrical Shell under Pressure Load Evaluated on Surface.” Mechanical Engineering Journal 6 (4): 19-00113-19-00113. https://doi.org/10.1299/mej.19-00113
• Yamazaki, Yosuke. 2023. A Simple Method to Derive Fourier-Wavelet Spectra for Studying Global-Scale Waves in the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Region. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-6030
• Yamin, Mohamad, and Nuril Hadi. 2026. “The Effect of the Number of Fins on Rocket Aerodynamic Performance Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” Bincang Sains dan Teknologi 5 (01): 20–36. https://doi.org/10.56741/bst.v5i01.2026
• Yampolski, Yuri M. 2015. Characterization of Ionosphere Waveguide Propagation by Monitoring HAARP HF Transmissions in Antarctica. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada621687
• Yanchukovsky, Valery, and Anastasiya Belinskaya. 2022. “Topside Ionosphere during Solar Cosmic Ray Bursts and Forbush Decreases in Galactic Cosmic Rays.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 8 (3): 32–37. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-83202205
• Yang, Vigor. 2004. Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Injector Dynamics and Combustion Processes at Supercritical Conditions. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada428947
• Yang, A.-S. 2012. “Attitude-Adjustment-Induced Sloshing Characteristics in a Satellite Propellant Tank.” Journal of Mechanics 28 (2): 261–68. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmech.2012.29
• Yang, Yaguang. 2019a. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” In Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control Quaternion-based Approach. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429446580-6
• Yang, Yaguang. 2019b. “Spacecraft Attitude Estimation.” In Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control Quaternion-based Approach. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429446580-8
• Yang, Yang. 2023. “Force Analysis of Rocket in Flight.” Theoretical and Natural Science 5 (1): 41–46. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/5/20230266
• Yang, Victor. 2025a. “Optimizing Northrop Grumman’s GEM63XL Solid Rocket Booster with Novel Propellant Formulations to Gain an Increase in Maximum Thrust.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.3002
• Yang, Yaguang. 2025b. “Spacecraft Attitude Determination.” In Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003584766-6
• Yang, Yaguang. 2025c. “Spacecraft Attitude Estimation.” In Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003584766-8
• Yang, Hong Q., and Jacob Brodnick. n.d. Validation of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Filling Using Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation. CFD Research Corporation (United States). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240014767
• Yang, Hong Q., Jacob M. Brodnick, and Brian Richardson. n.d. “Validation and Development of a Fast-Running CFD Model for the No-Vent Fill of Liquid Propellant Tank.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240014463
• Yang, Young Rok, Tae-Hwan Cho, and Rho-Shin Myong. 2010. “A Prediction Study on the Roll Lock-in Phenomena of Freely Spinning Tailfins.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 38 (9): 849–55. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2010.38.9.849
• Yang, Lien, Lexter Granda, Dung Pham, Arturo Fuentes, Garth Davis, and John Seward. 2005. “Demonstration Testing of Minuteman II Arm-Disarm Switch for Flight Termination System Application.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3660
• Yang, Po-Fu, Yi-Hao Ho, Ming-Hsun Wu, and Srinibas Karmakar. 2026c. “Effects of Gel Rheology on Hypergolic Ignition of Kerosene Gels with Hydrogen Peroxide.” International Journal of Energetic Materials and Chemical Propulsion 25 (2): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1615/intjenergeticmaterialschemprop.2026062133
• Yang, Yuxin, Chunbo Hu, Timin Cai, and Dechuan Sun. 2007. “Instantaneous Regression Rate Computation of Hybrid Rocket Motor Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling Technique.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5350. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5350
• Yang, Jooyong, Yumin Jeong, Hyunwoo Jun, et al. 2024c. TRACY: Sounding Rocket Telemetry System with Improved Stability through Automatic Control of Directional Antenna. https://doi.org/10.52202/078379-0041
• Yang, Kai, and Xiong Liu. 2019. “Ozone Profile Climatology for Remote Sensing Retrieval Algorithms.” Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 12 (9): 4745–78. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-4745-2019
• Yang, Danqi, Bingyang Liu, Yaqun Qi, Ping Jin, and Guobiao Cai. 2025d. “Optimized Chemical Reaction Mechanisms for Accurate Simulation of Hypergolic Propellant Combustion.” In Fifth International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Materials (ICMEM 2024), edited by Jinyang Xu, Gupta Manoj. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3059852
• Yang, Xiaoqian, Yazhong Luo, Zhen Yang, and Kehan Chen. 2026e. “Study on Model Errors and Coupling Effects of Rocket-Stage Debris Impact-Point Prediction.” Manned Spaceflight 32 (4): 627–36. https://doi.org/10.3724/zrht.1674-5825.2026067
• Yang, Jiatong, and Mohammad H. Naraghi. 2020. “A Fin Analogy Model for Thermal Analysis of Regeneratively Cooled Rocket Engines.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3817. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3817
• Yang, Hong Q., Chintan Patel, and Brandon Williams. 2023e. “Validation of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1411. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1411
• Yang, Licai, Tian Qiu, and Shanglin Zhang. 2023c. “Buckling of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shell Structures with Axially Variable Elastic Modulus under Axial Compression.” International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 24 (06): 2450062. https://doi.org/10.1142/s0219455424500627
• Yang, Jing, Jin Tong, Wenbo Wang, and Sijie Xiang. 2025c. “Multimode Fusion Intelligent Anomaly Detection of Rocket Telemetry Parameters Method Research.” In Sixth International Conference on Signal Processing and Computer Science (SPCS 2025), edited by P. Takis Mathiopoulos, Yin Feng. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3090119
• Yang, Lin, Lu Wang, Li Yu, and Han Cheng. 2015. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Study on the Influence of Circular Gap of Parachute on Inflation Performance with Fixed Payload.” Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 10 (1): 155892501501000119. https://doi.org/10.1177/155892501501000119
• Yang, H. Q., Jeff West, and Robert E. Harris. 2014. “Coupled Fluid-Structure Interaction Analysis of Solid Rocket Motor with Flexible Inhibitors.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140004248
• Yang, L., T. Wilkins, J. Fleisher, and J. Lopez. 1999. “Requalification of Critical Minuteman II Ordnance Components for Utilization in U.S. Air Force Rocket Systems Launch Program.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2306. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2306
• Yang, H. Q., and Brandon Williams. n.d. “Loci/STREAM Sharp Interface Model Validation of Cryogenic Propellant Tank Self-Pressurization.” In 71st JANNAF Propulsion Meeting (JPM). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230017028
• Yang, Xuerui Mao Shuxing, and Yong Kang Xu. 2006. “Research on the Coning Motion of Wrap-Around Fin Projectiles.” Canadian aeronautics and space journal 52 (3): 119–25. https://doi.org/10.5589/q06-014
• Yang, Xue, Li Yu, Cheng Shen, and Xiao Shun Zhao. 2017a. “Numerical Simulation of the Supersonic Disk-Gap-Band Parachute by Using Implicit Coupling Method.” International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 18 (5): 343–49. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2016-0047
• Yang, Xue, Li Yu, and Xiao-Shun Zhao. 2018. “Fluid-Structure Interaction Study of the Supersonic Parachute Using Large-Eddy Simulation.” Engineering Computations 35 (1): 157–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/ec-06-2016-0195
• Yang, B. Q., L. Zhang, Q. Shen, L. X. Liu, and C. Shi. 2023a. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Spin-Stabilized Projectile at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2460 (1): 012067. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2460/1/012067
• Yano, Yutaka. 2001. “Combustion Characteristics of a Small-Scale, Tactical Hybrid Rocket Propulsion System.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3538. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3538
• Yao, Zhang, and Zhang Jingrui. 2013. “The Imaging Stability Enhancement of Optical Payload Using Multiple Vibration Isolation Platforms.” Journal of Vibration and Control 21 (9): 1848–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546313502371
• Yaranton, Beau. n.d. “Multi Stage Rocket Design.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/345633
• Yarrow, Adam. n.d. “Analysis of Aerodynamic Loading on a Rocket and Design.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/uql.2017.1026
• Yasumura, Yuya, and Keiichi Kitamura. 2021. “Aerodynamic Calculation of Supersonic Parachute at Initial Stage of Opening:: Effects of Gap and Clearance.” Proceedings of Mechanical Engineering Congress, Japan 2021 (0): S191-01. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecj.2021.s191-01
• Yasunaga, Yoshifumi, Yukio Fukushima, Tomihisa Nakamura, and Takeshi Fujita. 1990. “Separation Jettison Test of Japanese H-II Rocket Satellite Fairing.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-720. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-720
• Yates, I. C., and V. H. Yost. 1973. Research Rocket Test RR-1 (Black Brant VC) and RR-2 (Aerobee 170A): Investigations of the Stability of Bubbles in Plain and Fiber-Reinforced Metal and Solidified in a near-Zero-g Environment. NASA-TM-X-64665. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730017159
• Yatsuyanagi, Nobuyuki. 2006. “Study on Breakup Length of Liquid Jet by Liquid-Gas Coaxial Injector —Evaluation of Atomization Characteristics of Rocket Engine Injectors—.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 49 (165): 162–68. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.49.162
• Yatsuyanagi, N., H. Gomi, H. Sakamoto, and T. Narasaki. 1985. “An Empirical Expression of the Characteristic Velocity Efficiency ofLO2/Hydrogen Rocket Combustor with Coaxial Injector.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1387
• Yeakle, Jay, J. Lingard, John Underwood, and Snorri Gudmundsson. 2009. “Computer Simulation of a Whole-Aircraft Parachute Recovery System.” In 20th AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2009-2918. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2918
• Yee, Tin Boo. 1958. “Effect of Inhibitors in Fuming Nitric Acid on Corrosion and Oxidation.” CORROSION 14 (2): 42–44. https://doi.org/10.5006/0010-9312-14.2.42
• Yee, J. H., and V. J. Abreu. 1983. “Optical Contamination on the Atmosphere Explorer-E Satellite.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0338, edited by Carl R. Maag. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933645
• Yenigelen, Evren, and Philip J. Morris. 2020. “Numerical Investigation of a Noise Reduction Strategy for Rocket Launch Vehicles.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2606
• Yentis, D. J., J. R. P. Angel, D. Mitchell, R. Novick, and P. Vanden Bout. 1971. A Focusing Collector for Long Wavelength X-Ray Astronomy. AD-736551. Columbia University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720029374
• Yerebakan, Talha, Alexis Samoylov, Justin Tang, et al. 2026. “Chip-Scale Silicon Optomechanical Accelerometers Suborbital Flight Validation.” In CLEO 2026. Optica Publishing Group. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2026.atu2a.2
• Yerushalmi, S., and R. Glick. 1982. “Stabilized Nozzleless Rocket Motors.” In 18th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1982-1144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1144
• Yetter, Richard A., Vigor Yang, and I. A. Aksay. 2008. An Integrated Ignition and Combustion System for Liquid Propellant Micro Propulsion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada483413
• Yi, Wen, Jianyuan Wang, Xianghui Xue, et al. 2023. Coordinated Observations of Migrating Tides by Multiple Meteor Radars in the Equatorial Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere. https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-egu23-4606
• Yildirim, Cengizhan, and Haluk Aksel. 2005. “Numerical Simulation of the Grain Burnback in Solid Propellant Rocket Motor.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-4160. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4160
• Yin, Qin, Ruocan Zhao, and Xianghui Xue. 2026. “Remote Measurement of Geomagnetic Field on Thermosphere.” EPJ Web of Conferences 362: 04019. https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202636204019
• Yingling, Adam, Charles Hewgley, Thomas Seigenthaler, and Oleg Yakimenko. 2011. “Miniature Autonomous Rocket Recovery System (MARRS).” In 21st AIAA Aerodynamic Decelerator Systems Technology Conference and Seminar. AIAA 2011-2597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-2597
• Yizengaw, Endawoke. 2023. “New Index to Characterize Ionospheric Irregularity Distribution.” Space Weather 21 (9): e2023SW003469. https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003469
• Yonezawa, T. 1949. “On the Fluctuation in Electron Density of the F2 Layer of the Ionosphere.” Journal of geomagnetism and geoelectricity 1 (1): 26–30. https://doi.org/10.5636/jgg.1.26
• Yonezawa, Koichi, Tsuyoshi Morimoto, Yoshinobu Tsujimoto, Yasuhide Watanabe, and Kazuhiko Yokota. 2007b. “A Study of an Asymmetric Flow in an Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 2 (2): 400–409. https://doi.org/10.1299/jfst.2.400
• Yonezawa, Koichi, Dzianis Proshchanka, Hidekazu Koga, et al. 2010. “Investigation of Effect of Ground Downstream of Overexpanded Dual-Bell Nozzle during Vertical Takeoff and Landing.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6814. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6814
• Yonezawa, Koichi, Yasuhide Watanabe, Tsuyoshi Morimoto, Yoshinobu Tsujimoto, and Kazuhiko Yokota. 2006. “A Suppression Method of Restricted Shock Separation in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzle.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4376. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4376
• Yonezawa, Koichi, Yukinori Yamashita, Yoshinobu Tsujimoto, Yasuhide Watanabe, and Kazuhiko Yokota. 2005. “Effect of Nozzle Contour on Flow Separation in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” TRANSACTIONS OF THE JAPAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS Series B 71 (707): 1789–97. https://doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.71.1789
• Yonezawa, Koichi, Yukinori Yamashita, Yoshinobu Tsujimoto, Yasuhide Watanabe, and Kazuhiko Yokota. 2007a. “Effect of Nozzle Contour on Flow Separation in Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” Journal of Fluid Science and Technology 2 (1): 97–108. https://doi.org/10.1299/jfst.2.97
• Yoo, Ji-Hee, Hye-Yeong Chun, and In-Sun Song. 2024. “In Situ Generation of Planetary Waves in the Mesosphere by Zonally Asymmetric Gravity Wave Drag: A Revisit.” Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 81 (9): 1617–39. https://doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-24-0026.1
• Yoon, J.-K., K. Kang, and K. Kim. 1994. “Combustion Instability in Minimum Smoke Propellant Rocket Motor.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3192
• Yoon, Do-hee, and Seong-Cheol Kwon. 2020. “Validation of Structural Safety on Electro-Optical Payload under Launch Environment.” Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering 30 (6): 597–607. https://doi.org/10.5050/ksnve.2020.30.6.597
• Yoon, Changjin, Yu Matsutomi, William Anderson, and Charles Merkle. 2011. “Investigation of the Cap-Shock Pattern in a Thrust-Optimized Rocket Nozzle.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5685. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5685
• York, Thomas M. 1979. Measurement of Electron Densities in the Middle Atmosphere Using Rocket Borne Blunt Probes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada078148
• York, Thomas M. 1980. Comparison of Electron Densities in the Middle Atmosphere Indicated by Rocket Borne Probing Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada092503
• Yoshinaga, Takashi, Ryoichi Hayashi, Toshikazu Hayashi, and Atsushi Tate. 2000. “Coning Motion of Circular Cylinders Blunted with Ellipsoids of Revolution.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-4106. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4106
• Yoshinaga, Takashi, Kouichi Nakayama, and Atsushi Tate. 2006. “Coning Motion of Nozzle-First Cone Cylinder at High Angles of Attack.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6152. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6152
• Yoshinaga, T., A. Tate, and K. Inoue. 1981. “Coning Motion of Slender Bodies at High Angles of Attack in Low Speed Flow.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1899. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1899
• Yost, M. C. 1978. Preburner of Staged Combustion Rocket Engine. NASA-CR-135356. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780016336
• Young, Anthony. 2025a. “The Constellation Program and Ares Launch Vehicles.” In Springer Praxis Books. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92655-6_1
• Young, Anthony. 2025b. “The SLS Solid Rocket Boosters.” In Springer Praxis Books. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-92655-6_4
• Young, Stephen, and Ronald Herm. 1987. “Model for Radiation Contamination by Outgassing from Space Platforms.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-102. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-102
• Young, E. R., D. G. Torr, and P. Richards. 1979. A Simulation of the Midlatitude Plasmasphere and Ionosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073892
• Young, C., Jr. 1970. “On the Steady Aeroelastic Behavior of a Spinning Rocket Vehicle Having Aerodynamic Asymmetry.” In 2nd Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-1397. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1397
• Yu, Hao, Zach Campbell, Eliot Desjardins, Zafar Shaik, and Julian Hooks. 2026b. “Research and Development Process of a Low Mass Flow High Chamber Pressure Electric Pump Fed Rocket Engine.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-114489. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-114489
• Yu, Weiping, and Deborah Crane. 2007. “Finite Element Simulation of Solid Rocket Booster Separation Motors during Motor Firing.” In AIAA SPACE 2007 Conference & Exposition. AIAA 2007-6290. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6290
• Yu, Isang, Jeonghwa Oh, Youngsung Ko, Sangbum Cho, and Seungwhan Baek. 2026a. “Comparative Study on Launch Vehicle System Mass Based on Autogenous and Helium Pressurization Methods.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 54 (5): 547–56. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2026.54.5.547
• Yu, Hao, Harrison Pasquinilli, and John Horack. 2024a. “The Design and Validation Process of a Coaxial Swirl Injector Plate for Bipropellant Liquid Rocket.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-86209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-86209
• Yu, Gang, Xugang Wang, Xuepeng Hu, et al. 2025a. “The Effects of Deployment Posture on the Inflation Process Characteristics of a Light Aircraft Recovery Parachute.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5605078
• Yu, Y., J. Xu, J. Mo, and M. Wang. 2014a. “Numerical Investigation of Separation Pattern and Separation Pattern Transition in Overexpanded Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle.” Aeronautical Journal 118 (1202): 399–424. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000009192
• Yu, Han, Yao Yang, Baoe Yang, Shangrong Yang, and Shuai Shang. 2025b. “Tangential Combustion Instability and Flame Dynamics of a Shear Injector in a Model Rocket Engine Combustor.” Physics of Fluids 37 (10): 107106. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0290649
• Yu, Y., T. Yu, Y. Mao, Y. Yang, and S. Liang. 2024b. “Key Factors Affecting Overexpanded Flow Separation in Design of Large Expansion Ratio Single Expansion Ramp Nozzle.” Aeronautical Journal 129 (1333): 717–36. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.70
• Yuan, Tony, Yu-Ta Chen, and Berlin Huang. 2015. “Semi-Hypergolic Kerosene/Hydrogen Peroxide Fuel System and Its Auto-Ignition Injector Design.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3847. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3847
• Yuan, Li, Li Feng-xiang, Li Yue-sen, and Wang Kun. 2006. “Stability Analysis of a Solid Rocket Motor’s Composite Case under External Pressure.” In 57th International Astronautical Congress. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-06-c2.7.02
• Yuan, Hongjie, Qian Huang, and Fei Wang. 2014. “A Novel Approach to Determine Upper Tolerance Limit of Non-Stationary Vibrations during Rocket Launch.” Vibroengineering Procedia 4: 23–28. https://doi.org/10.21595/vp.2014.15312
• Yuan, Yunxia, Nickolay Ivchenko, Gunnar Tibert, Marin Stanev, Jonas Hedin, and Jörg Gumbel. 2017. “Atmosphere Density Measurements Using GPS Data from Rigid Falling Spheres.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2017-91
• Yuan, S. W. K., and D. T. Kuo. 2002. “Cryocooler Contamination Study: Temperature Dependence of Outgassing.” In Cryocoolers 11. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47112-4_81
• Yue, Sihan. n.d. “Exergy Analysis of Different Space Launch Systems.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/363ea8e
• Yuhui, Huang, and Wang Zhenguo. 2002. “Global Model of Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability Based on Chemistry Dynamics.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3992. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3992
• Yun, Yongtae. 2017. “Development of 2,500 N Class Hydrogen Peroxide/polyethylene Hybrid Rocket for Lab-Scale Sounding Rocket Application.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/morressier.59c106e9d462b80292389ec6
• Yuska, J. A. 1966. Static Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Rocket Vehicle with Thick Wedge Fins and Sweptback Leading and Trailing Edges. NASA-TN-D-3182. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660004864
• Yusupov, Kamil, John Mathews, Takashi Maruyama, et al. 2020. “Amplitude Variations of the Reflected Signal during Vertical Sounding of the Ionosphere at Middle Latitudes.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 6 (3): 72–80. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-63202010
• Zachary Muckler, Zachary Muckler. 2022. What’s the Largest Achievable Expansion Ratio for an Amateur Rocket Engine?. Experiment. https://doi.org/10.18258/27624
• Zaehringer, Christian, Matthias Heller, and Gottfried Sachs. 2003. “Lateral Separation Dynamics and Stability of a Two-Stage Hypersonic Vehicle.” In 12th AIAA International Space Planes and Hypersonic Systems and Technologies. AIAA 2003-7080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-7080
• Zagorski, Kevin, Andrew Duggleby, Vishal Doshi, and Paul Gradl. 2018. Hybrid Additive Manufacturing Deposition and Selective Laser Melting Techniques Applied to Copper-Alloy Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Chambers. M17-6435. Virgin Orbit. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180005153
• Zaheer, Syed Qasim, Peter J. Disimile, and Norman Toy. 2023. “Controlling the Jet of Overexpanded Nozzle Using Coanda Effect.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0850. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0850
• Zahn, U., and T. Herwig. 1977. “Inert Gas Abundances as Indicators for the Strength of Eddy Diffusion at Turbopause Altitudes.” In Dynamical and Chemical Coupling Between the Neutral and Ionized Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-1262-1_4
• Zakar, Deborah, Robert W. Baldauff, and Triem T. Hoang. 2015. “Cryogenic Loop Heat Pipe for Zero-Boil-Off Cryogen Storage.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-0472. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0472
• Zakharov, Viktor, Maria Solovieva, Sergey Shalimov, Mirseid Akperov, Galiya Korkina, and Nadezhda Bulatova. 2025. “Upper Atmosphere Response to Extratropical Cyclones.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 11 (1): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-111202509
• Zalesak, S. T. 1983. Small Scale Structure in the Earth’s Ionosphere. Theory and Numerical Simulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada130462
• Zalewski, Piotr, Stanisław Kachel, and K. Motyl. 2023. “Space Rocket for Air-Rocket System.” Journal of Konbin 53 (2): 45–64. https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0053.7125
• Zapata, Elizabeth, and Daniel Murray. 2008. “Separation Distances for Rocket Launch Operations.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7124
• Zarbo, Nick, Hatem Belal, and Timothee L. Pourpoint. 2015. “Effect of Water and Humidity on Hypergolic Propellant Ignition Delay.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3867. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3867
• Zare, Arezoo, Tres A. Harriman, Don A. Lucca, et al. 2016. “Mapping of Aluminum Particle Dispersion in Solid Rocket Fuel Formulations.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27748-6_27
• Zaroodny, Serge J. 1954. A Simplified Approach to the Yawing Motion of a Spinning Shell. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0058529
• Zavitsanos, Peter D., Fred N. Alyea, and Joseph A. Golden. 1976. Aluminum Vapor Release in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada028820
• Zavitsanos, Peter D., and Joseph A. Golden. 1974. Methods for Releasing Metal Vapors in the Upper Atmosphere. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0780555
• Zawadzki, Michal, Orlando Nardo, and Emir Topakci. 2024. A Modern Approach to Design and Optimisation of the Cavour Sounding Rocket Fins Set. https://doi.org/10.52202/078379-0040
• Zebiri, Boubakr, Arthur Piquet, and A. Hadjadj. 2019. “Shock-Induced Flow Separation in an over-Expandedsupersonic Planar Nozzle.” In International Symposium on Shock Waves (ISSW). https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2730-4_0082-cd
• Zeiger, B., A. Shipley, W. Cash, et al. 2011. “The CODEX Sounding Rocket Payload.” In SPIE Proceedings, edited by René Hudec, Ladislav Pina. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.887058
• Zeiger, Matthew, Demetri Telionis, Matthew Zeiger, and Demetri Telionis. 1997. “Effect of Coning Motion and Blowing on the Asymmetric Side Forces on a Slender Forebody.” In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-549
• Zelinskaya, A. V., and P. E. Tovstik. 2015. “Buckling of an Axially Compressed Transversely Isotropic Cylindrical Shell with a Weakly Supported Curvilinear Edge.” Vestnik St. Petersburg University: Mathematics 48 (2): 109–18. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1063454115020120
• Zeng, Hong, Guangwu Zhu, Guotai Qin, Huajiao Chen, and Yongping Li. 2011. “Abnormal Variation of Thermosphere Atmospheric Density during the Period of Big Earthquake.” Chinese Journal of Space Science 31 (3): 318. https://doi.org/10.11728/cjss2011.03.318
• Zerefos, Christos. 1997. “Factors Influencing the Transmission of Solar Ultraviolet Irradiance through the Earth’s Atmosphere.” In Solar Ultraviolet Radiation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03375-3_9
• Zerjeski, David. 2003. “Semi-Empirical Flow Separation Model for Overexpanded Rocket Nozzles.” In 54th International Astronautical Congress of the International Astronautical Federation, the International Academy of Astronautics, and the International Institute of Space Law. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.iac-03-s.p.21
• Zetterquist, P. 1979. “The Swedish Sounding Rocket Program.” In 5th Sounding Rocket Technology Conference. AIAA 1979-519. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-519
• Zhang, William W. 2010. X-Ray Optics: Past, Present, and Future. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100014904
• Zhang, William W., Kim D. Allgood, Michael P. Biskach, et al. 2018. “Astronomical X-Ray Optics Using Mono-Crystalline Silicon: High Resolution, Light Weight, and Low Cost.” In Space Telescopes and Instrumentation 2018: Ultraviolet to Gamma Ray. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190002382
• Zhang, Yuhao, Han Chi Cheng, and Li Yu. 2013b. “A Numerical Simulation of Parachute Opening Process Based on ALE Method.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 390: 33–37. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.390.33
• Zhang, Shuangbiao, Xingcheng Li, and Zhong Su. 2016b. “Measuring and Solving Real Coning Motion of Spinning Carriers.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 230 (13): 2369–78. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410015624720
• Zhang, Yan Hua, Hua Xing Li, Deng Cheng Zhang, and Liang Qu. 2013a. “The Effect of Nose Bluntness and Forebody Strakes on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Air-Launched Rocket Model.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 391: 143–49. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.391.143
• Zhang, liang, Zhongfang Liu, and Brian A. Tinsley. 2025i. “Structured Interannual Climate Variability of the Upper Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173991313.31526780/v1
• Zhang, Liang, Zhongfang Liu, and Yajun Zhu. 2026g. “Quantifying and Predicting the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere Density during Austral Summer.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.5194/egusphere-2026-4809
• Zhang, Wei, Bing-Cheng Sang, and Zhi-Min Lin. 1987. “Experimental Study of the Response of Solid Propellant Burning Rate to the Changing of Pressure and the Measurement of Transient Burning Rate.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1726
• Zhang, Wentong, Chunyu Wen, and Tianxing Zhou. 2023a. “An Effective Flight Attitude and Trajectory Control Scheme for Sounding Rocket.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2472 (1): 012023. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2472/1/012023
• Zhang, Fu, Da Yong Xie, Wen Jun Ruan, and Hao Wang. 2013c. “Numerical Study on Flight Stability of Fin-Stabilized Shell of Small Length-Diameter Ratio and High Aspect Ratio.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342: 540–45. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.540
• Zhang, Mengying, Qin Xu, and Qingbin Zhang. 2021b. “Launch Vehicle Classification for Decision-Making of Small Satellite Launch Options.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 64 (4): 234–41. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.64.234
• Zhang, Yao, Jingrui Zhang, Guang Zhai, and Shijie Xu. 2012b. “High Imaging Performance of Optical Payload by Vibration Isolation System.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-5004. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5004
• Zhang, Kaiqiang, Lingqi Zhao, and Shibo Yang. 2025c. Investigation of Sloshing and Pressure Drop Behavior during the Stage Separation Process of a LOX/CH4 Rocket without Ullage Rocket. https://doi.org/10.52202/083075-0005
• Zhao, Jiafei, Shuai Li, Xiaokai Zhang, Mingrui Sun, and Yongchen Song. 2022. “Enhanced Heat Transfer of Supercritical N-Decane in Cooling Channels with Triangular Ribs for Regenerative Cooling.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4157084
• Zhao, Y., and J. G. Teng. 2000. “Experimental Behaviour of Internally-Pressurized Cone-Cylinder Intersections.” In Structural Failure and Plasticity. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-008043875-7/50193-3
• Zhao, Xia, Zhi Wang, Xiujuan Qi, et al. 2021. “Hunting for Energetic Complexes as Hypergolic Promoters for Green Propellants Using Hydrogen Peroxide as Oxidizer.” Inorganic Chemistry 60 (22): 17033–39. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02149
• Zhao, Lingqi, Kaiqiang Zhang, and Shibo Yang. 2025. “Propellant Sloshing and Tank Pressure Collapse in a LOX/LCH4 VTVL Test Flight.” In IAF Microgravity Sciences and Processes Symposium. International Astronautical Federation (IAF). https://doi.org/10.52202/083075-0008
• Zhenduo, 张振铎 Zhang, and 王淑荣 Wang Shurong. 2012. “Measurement of Extraterrestrial Solar Ultraviolet Spectrum from the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectrometer.” Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 49 (6): 061201. https://doi.org/10.3788/lop49.061201
• Zheng, Aijian, Feng Niu, and Hai Jiang Zhu. 2014. “Numerical Calculation of Aerodynamic Noise for the Nose Cone Surface in High Speed Airflow Field.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 488-489: 886–91. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.488-489.886
• Zheng, L., and S. Xiang. 2025. “Influence of the Fill Effect on Payload in a Large Launch Vehicle Fairing.” In 24th International Conference on Sound and Vibration 2017, London Calling. Institute of Acoustics. https://doi.org/10.25144/24828
• Zhilyaeva, Maria, and Andrey Aliev. 2025. “Gas Pressure Maintenance System in Rocket and Space Hardware Objects.” In Hydraulic and Thermal Systems and Units. Publishing company «World of science», LLC. https://doi.org/10.15862/80mnnpk25_17
• Zhongjiao, Shi, Liangyu Zhao, and Jiazhong Peng. 2016. “Coning Motion Instability of a Spinning Missile Induced by Aeroelasticity.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-0541. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0541
• Zhou, Z. T., T. Y. Cao, Y. Q. Li, and L. Ji. 2025b. “Progress on Ablation of Nozzle Throat Inserts in Solid Rocket Motors.” Fluid Dynamics 60 (2): 28. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0015462824605254
• Zhou, Jie, Sheng Ji, Zhong Xing Sun, and Cai Gang Wu. 2012. “Dynamic Simulation of the Movement of the Rocket Launch Tower on ADAMS Based on the Material of the Tower.” Advanced materials research 625: 3–6. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.625.3
• Zhou, Yu, Minghao Li, Jiuqi Liu, Shi Xiaoning, Yingcheng Wang, and Hang Hu. 2025a. Precision Landing Point Control Technology for Rocket Core Stage. https://doi.org/10.52202/083092-0076
• Zhou, Zhitan, and Yueheng Mi. 2024. “Research on the Influence of Multi-Stage Water Injection on the Thermal Environment of Rocket Launch Platform.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4913979
• Zhou, Huan-ding, Wei-qi Xie, Yuan-wen Cai, and Ya Zhong. 2019. “Application Analysis of Grid Rudder in Pre-Launch Attitude Control of Air-Launched Rocket.” DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, no. iteee. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtcse/iteee2019/28809
• Zhu, Jiamin. n.d. “Optimal Control of the Attitude of a Rocket.” PhD diss., Paris 6. https://doi.org/10.70675/ed80074bzaf7fz431cza755z4e3b2d9d885b
• Zhu, Huailiang. 2005. “Nonlinear Dynamic Simulation of an Axially Slide-Spin Rocket Flexible System with Clearance.” Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 18 (01): 75. https://doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2005.01.075
• Zhu, Zebo, and Jian Chen. 2016. “A New Method of Processing High-Rate Rocket Telemetry Data.” In Proceedings of the 2016 3rd International Conference on Materials Engineering, Manufacturing Technology and Control. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/icmemtc-16.2016.108
• Zhu, S., Z. Chen, C. Zheng, H. Zhang, and Z. Huang. 2019. “Numerical Study of the Flow Separation in a Rocket Nozzle.” In 31st International Symposium on Shock Waves 2. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91017-8_64
• Zhu, Yalu, Feng Liu, and William A. Sirignano. 2025c. “Simulation of Multi-Injector H2-O2Rocket Combustion Instability.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0158. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0158
• Zhu, Jiamin, Emmanuel Trélat, and Max Cerf. 2016. “Minimum Time Control of the Rocket Attitude Reorientation Associated with Orbit Dynamics.” SIAM Journal on Control and Optimization 54 (1): 391–422. https://doi.org/10.1137/15m1028716
• Zhu, Supeng, Ronggang Wei, Chunbo Hu, and Chao Li. 2023a. “Regenerative-Cooling Heat-Transfer Performance of Mg/CO2 Powder Rocket Engines for Mars Missions.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 24 (3): 928–35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-022-00563-3
• Zhu, Jing, Shuai Yan, Hongjia Huang, et al. 2023b. “Research on Key Technologies of High-Reliability Telemetry Transmitters for Launch Vehicle Carrying.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2670 (1): 012016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2670/1/012016
• Zhuang, Fengchen, Wansheng Nie, Wentao Zhao, and Weidong Liu. 1998. “Liquid Rocket Combustion Instability Analysis Methodology: Methods and Representative Examples.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3690. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3690
• Zhuang, Fengchen, Wansheng Nie, and Qin Zou. 1999. “Numerical Simulation of MMH/NTO Rocket Engine Combustion Instability.” In 35th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-2779. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-2779
• Zhurin, S. V. 2019. “The Parachute System with the Elastic Link and the Load Divided into Two Parts as a Tandem.” Civil Aviation High TECHNOLOGIES 22 (1): 29–38. https://doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2019-22-1-29-38
• Ziegler, C. E. 1963. Static Stability Tests on a 0.098 Scale Standard Launch Vehicle (SLV)-1B with 4-SQUARE-FOOT Fin Area. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0405158
• Zien, T. F., and W. C. Ragsdale. 1979. Predictions of Aerodynamic Heating on Tactical Missile Domes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073217
• Zilliac, Greg, and Mustafa Karabeyoglu. 2005. “Modeling of Propellant Tank Pressurization.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3549
• Zilliac, Greg, George T. Story, Ashley C. Karp, Elizabeth T. Jens, and George Whittinghill. 2020. “Combustion Efficiency in Single Port Hybrid Rocket Engines.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3746
• Zimmer, Grace, Haven Russell, and Emilio Mayorga. 2026. “‘Jinx’: High Thrust-to-Weight Ratio Design for Collegiate Bi-Propellant Liquid Rocket Development.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-114642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-114642
• Zimmerman, Jonah E., Brian J. Cantwell, and Greg Zilliac. 2015. “Parametric Visualization Study of Self-Pressurizing Propellant Tank Dynamics.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-3829. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3829
• Zinn, B. 1972. “Review of Nozzle Damping in Solid Rocket Instabilities.” In 8th Joint Propulsion Specialist Conference. AIAA 1972-1050. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1050
• Zinn, J., C. Sutherland, and M. Pongratz. 1979. Effects of Rocket Exhaust Products in the Thermosphere and Ionosphere. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI). https://doi.org/10.2172/6248953
• Zinski, Natalie, Drew M. Miles, James H. Tutt, et al. 2021. “Detector Characterization for the Rockets for Extended-Source X-Ray Spectroscopy Focal Plane.” In UV, X-Ray, and Gamma-Ray Space Instrumentation for Astronomy XXII, edited by Oswald H. Siegmund. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2594846
• Zipfel, Peter. 2014. “Orbital Insertion Control of a Three-Stage Solid Rocket Booster Modeled in Six Degrees-of-Freedom.” Journal of Modeling, Simulation, Identification, and Control. https://doi.org/10.7726/jmsic.2014.1003
• Zitouni, Bayrem, and Lennart von Germersheim. 2020. “Desorption, Diffusion, Reflections, and Reemission: The Outgassing Molecules Elusive Behaviors.” In Systems Contamination: Prediction, Control, and Performance 2020, edited by Carlos E. Soares, Eve M. Wooldridge, Bruce A. Matheson. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2568077
• Zmijanovic, Vladeta. n.d. “Secondary Injection Fluidic Thrust Vectoring of an Axisymmetric Supersonic Nozzle.” PhD diss., Orléans. https://doi.org/10.70675/9f2510a4z6006z4100z881ez46cbdb867124
• Zoby, Ernest V., and Charles B. Rumsey. 1971. Analysis of Free-Flight Laminar, Transitional, and Turbulent Heat-Transfer Results at Free-Stream Mach Numbers near 20 (Reentry F). NASA-TM-X-2335. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710072408
• Zohari, Narges, Reza Fareghi-Alamdari, and Nasser Sheibani. 2020. “Model Development and Design Criteria of Hypergolic Imidazolium Ionic Liquids from Ignition Delay Time and Viscosity Viewpoints.” New Journal of Chemistry 44 (18): 7436–49. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj00521e
• Zolesi, B. 2003. “Effects of the Upper Atmosphere on Terrestrial and Earth-Space Communications.” In Twelfth International Conference on Antennas and Propagation (ICAP 2003), vol. 2003. IEE. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:20030138
• Zolla, Paolo, Alessandro Zavoli, Mario Tindaro Migliorino, and Daniele Bianchi. 2024. “Integrated Optimization of a Three-Stage Clustered Hybrid Rocket Launcher Using Neural Networks.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1184. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1184
• Zook, Connor. 2024. Closed-Loop Thrust Throttling Capabilities on Kero-Lox Liquid Rocket Engine. https://doi.org/10.52202/078371-0154
• Zosimovych, Nickolay. 2021. “Sounding Rocket Preliminary Design.” European Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 6 (2): 136–41. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejers.2021.6.2.2368
• Zubrin, Robert, and Mitchell Clapp. 1996. “The Pioneer Pathfinder: A Low-Cost Solution for a near-Term Reusable Launch Vehicle.” In Space Plane and Hypersonic Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1996-4605. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4605
• Zulkifli, Syahir Amzar, Rizalman Mamat, Erdiwansyah Erdiwansyah, S. M. Rosdi, Ahmad Tamimi, and Ahmad Fitri Yusop. 2026. “Integrated Simulation-Based Optimisation of Rocket Launch Dynamics for Enhanced Fuel Efficiency and Payload Precision.” Terra Joule Journal 2 (1). https://doi.org/10.64071/3080-5724.1026
• Zumbo, Alessandra, Francesca De Carlo, Cristina Bertani, Andrea Ferrero, Filippo Masseni, and Dario Pastrone. 2026. “Experimental Investigation of Cryogenic Tank Chilldown and Boil-Off Phenomena Using Liquid Nitrogen.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4576
• Zurawski, Robert, and Douglas Rapp. 1987. “Analysis of Quasi-Hybrid Solid Rocket Booster Concepts for Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Vehicles.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-2082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2082
• Zurera, Jesús, Alba Rozas, and Miguel López. 2025. “MIA: A Reusable Execution Platform for Space Missions: A Case Study Based on an Autonomous Flight Termination Unit.” In Small Satellites Systems and Services Symposium (4S 2024), edited by Max Petrozzi-Ilstad. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3062666
• “§ 5. the Free Flight of the Rocket.” 2014. In The Rocket into Planetary Space. DE GRUYTER. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110367560.29
• Алєксєєнко, В.Г., and В.Л. Бучарський. 2024. “Comparative Study of the Mathematical Model of the Propellant Tank Pressurization System.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 33 (4): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.15421/452434
• Васильев, Роман, Roman Vasilyev, Максим Артамонов, Maksim Artamonov, Евгений Мерзляков, and Evgeniy Merzlyakov. 2018. “Comparative Statistical Analysis of Neutral Wind in Mid-Latitude Mesosphere / Lower Thermosphere Based on Meteor Radar and Fabry — Perot Interferome-Ter Data.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 4 (2): 49–57. https://doi.org/10.12737/stp-42201808
• Голиков, Иннокентий, Innokentiy Golikov, Артем Гололобов, Artem Gololobov, Василий Попов, and Vasiliy Popov. 2017. “Modeling the Electron Temperature Distribution in F2 Region of High-Latitude Ionosphere for Winter Solstice Conditions.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2 (4): 70–80. https://doi.org/10.12737/24274
• Жолдыбаевич, Куатов Бауржан, Dmitry Suschik, and Попандопуло Иван Константинович. 2026. “Development of Multiple Launch Rocket Systems through the Integration of Unguided Aerial Rockets.” Proceeding Bulletin MILF 65 (1): 28–38. https://doi.org/10.56132/2791-3368-2026-1-65-28-38
• Кулик, О.В., А.Ф. Санін, В.А. Солнцев, К.М. Сухий, О.В. Зайчук, and І.І. Карпович. 2023. “Design and Technology System for Development and Operation of Ultralight Suborbital Rocket Complexes.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 31 (4): 88–105. https://doi.org/10.15421/452312
• Левихин, А. А., and A. I. Musteikis. 2025. “Computational Study of Regenerative Cooling for a Low-Thrust Rocket Engine Chamber Using Gaseous Propellants.” Aèrokosmičeskaâ tehnika i tehnologii. 3 (3): 443–57. https://doi.org/10.52467/2949-401x-2025-3-3-443-457
• Лук’яненко, І.Г., С.В. Алексєєнко, and О.В. Кулик Кулик. 2024. “Numerical Research of the Influence of Control Rudders on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of the K110 Su Suborbital Rocket.” Journal of Rocket-Space Technology 33 (4): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.15421/452420
• МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана and В.П. Александренков. 2017. “Influence of Heat Exchange Intensity in the Rocket Thrust Chamber on the Cooling Channel Efficiency.” Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Mechanical Engineering, no. 100. https://doi.org/10.18698/0236-3941-2017-4-4-10
• МГТУ им. Н.Э. Баумана and О.В. Короткая. 2016. “Innovative Methodology for Calculation and Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engine Combustion Chamber.” Engineering Journal: Science and Innovation, no. 61. https://doi.org/10.18698/2308-6033-2016-12-1560
• Митиков, Юрий Алексеевич. 2012. “Tank Pressurization Rockets with RP-1 Reducing Gas.” Technology audit and production reserves 3 (2(5)): 17–18. https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2012.4746
• Митиков, Юрий Алексеевич, and Михаил Витальевич Андриевский. 2013. “Tank Pressurization System Modernization Using Hot Kerosene Injection.” Technology audit and production reserves 6 (2(14)): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.15587/2312-8372.2013.19501
• Руденко, Георгий, Georgiy Rudenko, Ирина Дмитриенко, and Irina Dmitrienko. 2016. “Penetration of Internal Gravity Waveguide Modes into the Upper Atmosphere.” Solar-Terrestrial Physics 2 (1): 61–77. https://doi.org/10.12737/19879
• Ушаков, В.В., and А.М. Щербаков. 2020. “Controlled pressurization of the rocket tank.” Вестник НПО им. С.А. Лавочкина, no. 1(47). https://doi.org/10.26162/ls.2020.47.1.009
• 刘, 党辉. 2017. “Research on the Overall Design of Low Cost Launch Vehicle.” Journal of Aerospace Science and Technology 05 (01): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.12677/jast.2017.51001
• 刘, 康. 2023. “Study on the Influence of Added Mass on Parachute Opening Load.” Journal of Aerospace Science and Technology 11 (02): 47–57. https://doi.org/10.12677/jast.2023.112007

Secondary Sources

• ADCS: Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. 2023. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2021-0-00544-7
• Alway, Peter. 1999. Rockets of the World. Saturn Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8798657W
• Anderson, John. 2001. Fundamentals of Aerodynamics. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3232211W
• Anderson, John. 2002. Modern Compressible Flow: With Historical Perspective. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1993329W
• Anderson, John. 2006. Hypersonic and High-Temperature Gas Dynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL1993330W
• Anderson, William E., and Vigor Yang, eds. 1995. Liquid Rocket Engine Combustion Instability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.866371
• Archiving Microgravity Flight Data and Samples. 1996. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12276
• Baals, William Corliss Donald, and Corliss. 1981. Wind Tunnels of NASA. NATIONAL AERONAUTICS & SPACE. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL31504107W
• Banks, Peter M., and Kockarts. 1973. Aeronomy [by] P.M. Banks [and] G. Kockarts. Academic Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8622002W
• Benedikt, Elliot T., ed. 1961. Weightlessness—Physical Phenomena and Biological Effects. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-6279-9
• Bertin, John J. 1994. Hypersonic Aerothermodynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3287053W
• Bowhill, S. A., and E. R. Dyer, eds. 1971. The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-3132-5
• Box, George E. P., J. Stuart Hunter, and William G. Hunter. 2005. Statistics for Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL28985605W
• Brown, Neal. 2026. Northern Lights and Rocket Flights: My Years at Poker Flat Research Range. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-14598-7
• Bruhn, E. F. 1973. Analysis and Design of Flight Vehicle Structures. Jacobs Pub. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8796483W
• Carslaw, H. S., & Jaeger, J. C., and Jaeger. 1959. Conduction of Heat in Solids. Second Edition. Clarendon P. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL34686169W
• Chamberlain, Joseph W. 1961. Physics of the Aurora and Airglow. Academic Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2937888W
• Chernogor, Leonid F., and Nathan Blaunstein. 2016. Radiophysical and Geomagnetic Effects of Rocket Burn and Launch in the near-the-Earth Environment. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15614
• Clark, John D. 1972. Ignition!: An Informal History of Liquid Rocket Propellants. Rutgers University Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7159231W
• Cohen, Jacob. 1988. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences. Academic Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL27071941W
• Collected Reports of the Panel on Technical Evaluation of NASA’s Redesign of the Space Shuttle Solid Rocket Booster. 1988. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/10797
• Cover, Thomas M., and Joy A. Thomas. 2006. Elements of Information Theory. Wiley & Sons Canada, Limited, John. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL21500808W
• DeVorkin, David H. 1992. Science with a Vengeance: How the Military Created the US Space Sciences after World War II. Springer-Verlag. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4122795W
• Dieminger, Walter, Gerd K. Hartmann, and Reinhart Leitinger, eds. 1996d. The Upper Atmosphere. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78717-1
• Dranovsky, Mark L. 2007. Combustion Instabilities in Liquid Rocket Engines: Testing and Development Practices in Russia. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.866906
• Edberg, Don, and Willie Costa. 2020. Design of Rockets and Space Launch Vehicles. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.105937
• Etkin, Bernard, Lloyd Duff Reid, and Dynamics of flight. 1959. Dynamics of Flight: Stability and Control. John Wiley & Sons/ Chapman & Hall. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL19844466W
• Fletcher, Leroy S., ed. 1978. Aerodynamic Heating and Thermal Protection Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.865336
• Giacconi, Riccardo. 2008. Secrets of the Hoary Deep: A Personal History of Modern Astronomy. Johns Hopkins University Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8298362W
• Gorn, Michael H. 2001. Expanding the Envelope: Flight Research at NACA and NASA. University Press of Kentucky. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4400572W
• Hansen, James R. 1987. Engineer in Charge: A History of Langley Aeronautical Laboratory, 1917-1958. United States Government Printing Office. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL37594565W
• Hill, Philip G., and Peterson. 1991. Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion [by] Philip G. Hill [and] Carl R. Peterson. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8229940W
• Hirsh, Richard F. 1983. Glimpsing an Invisible Universe: The Emergence of X-Ray Astronomy. Cambridge University Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4796255W
• Huzel, Dieter K., and David H. Huang. 1992. Modern Engineering for Design of Liquid-Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL27313820W
• Incropera, Frank P., David P. DeWitt, Fundamentals of Heat, and Mass Transfer. 1985. Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer. Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL2975219W
• Jacchia, Luigi G. 1965. Static Diffusion Models of the Upper Atmosphere with Empirical Temperature Profiles. Smithsonian Institution. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4246
• Jenkins, Dennis R., Tony Landis, and Jay Miller. 2003. American X-Vehicles: An Inventory X-1 to X-50 Centennial of Flight Edition. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL20394726W
• Jursa, Adolph S. 1985. Handbook of Geophysics and the Space Environment. Air Force Geophysics Laboratory, Air Force Systems Command, United States Air Force. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL42794282W
• Knacke, T. W., and Parachute recovery systems design manual. 1992. Parachute Recovery Systems: Design Manual. Para Pub. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4121303W
• Kuo, Kenneth K., and Martin J. Chiaverini, eds. 2007. Fundamentals of Hybrid Rocket Combustion and Propulsion. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.866876
• Lanzerotti, L. J., and C. G. Park, eds. 1978. Upper Atmosphere Research in Antarctica. American Geophysical Union. https://doi.org/10.1029/ar029
• Ley, Willy. 1968. Rockets, Missiles, and Space Travel. Viking Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5276326W
• Liepmann, Hans Wolfgang, and Roshko. 1957. Elements of Gasdynamics, by H.W. Liepmann [and] a. Roshko. Wiley. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL13214987W
• Markley, F. Landis, and John L. Crassidis. 2014c. Fundamentals of Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-0802-8
• McCay, T. D., and J. A. Roux, eds. 1984. Spacecraft Contamination: Sources and Prevention. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.865640
• Neufeld, Michael J. 1995. The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era. Free Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3501503W
• Newell, Homer Edward. 1959. Sounding Rockets. McGraw-Hill. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL6429349W
• Newell. 1980a. Beyond the Atmosphere: Early Years of Space Science. Dover Publications, Incorporated. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL27998105W
• Nielsen, Jack Norman. 1960. Missile Aerodynamics. McGraw-Hill. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4626547W
• Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight. 2005. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-044731-5.x5030-6
• Ordway and Wakeford. 1960. International Missile and Spacecraft Guide [by] Frederick I. Ordway [and] Ronald C. Wakeford. McGraw-Hill. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL5900152W
• Parachute. 2003. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.j778700
• Popp, Michael, James Hulka, Vigor Yang, and Mohammed Habiballah, eds. 2004. Liquid Rocket Thrust Chambers: Aspects of Modeling, Analysis, and Design. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.866760
• Quiroz, R. S., ed. 1968a. Meteorological Investigations of the Upper Atmosphere. American Meteorological Society. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-935704-37-9
• Rees, M. H. 1989a. Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4621295W
• Rees, M. H. 1989b. Physics and Chemistry of the Upper Atmosphere. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511573118
• Regan, Frank J., and Anandakrishnan. 1993. Dynamics of Atmospheric Re-Entry. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4305679W
• Rezende, Rene Nardi. 2018a. Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber Parametric Modeling. SAE International eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4271/0768093333
• Rezende, Rene Nardi. 2018b. Liquid Rocket Engine Thrust Chamber: Parametrical Modeling. SAE International eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4271/r-465
• Sklar, Bernard. 2001. Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications. Prentice-Hall. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL10516432W
• Sounding Rockets: Their Role in Space Research. 1969. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12400
• Streamlining Space Launch Range Safety. 2000. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/9790
• Summerfield, Martin, ed. 1960b. Solid Propellant Rocket Research. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.864766
• Sutton, George P. 2006a. History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. AIAA (American Institute of Aeronautics & Ast. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8227967W
• Sutton, George P. 2006b. History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.868870
• Sutton, George P., and Oscar Biblarz. 2016. Rocket Propulsion Elements. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL21470530W
• Timoshenko, Stephen P., James M. Gere, and Donovan H. Young. 1961. Theory of Elastic Stability. Schaum Outline Series. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL19820477W
• Upper Atmosphere and Magnetosphere. 1977. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/20335
• Upper Atmosphere Research in the 1980’s: Ground-Based, Airborne, and Rocket Techniques. 1979. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/19860
• Van Allen, James Alfred. 1983. Origins of Magnetospheric Physics. Smithsonian Institution Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL3931274W
• Vinh, Nguyen X., Busemann, and Culp. 1980. Hypersonic and Planetary Entry Flight Mechanics. University of Michigan Press. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4092275W
• Wang, Zhen-Guo. 2016. Internal Combustion Processes of Liquid Rocket Engines: Modeling and Numerical Simulations. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118890035
• Wertz, J. R. 1978b. Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL8362000W
• Wertz, James R., ed. 1978c. Spacecraft Attitude Determination and Control. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9907-7
• Working Group on Problems of Weightlessness in Space Flight. 1963. National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/12420
• Yang, Yaguang. 2019c. Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control Quaternion-Based Approach. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429446580
• Yang, Yaguang. 2025d. Spacecraft Modeling, Attitude Determination, and Control: Quaternion-Based Approach, Second Edition. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003584766

Commercial Sources

• “Rocket Motor, Solid Fuel, 15-KS-1000, JATO (Jet-Assisted-Take-Off) Unit.” n.d. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/rocket-motor-solid-fuel-15-ks-1000-jato-jet-assisted-take-unit/nasm_A19680550000
• “Sounding Rockets.” n.d. NASA Science. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://www.nasa.gov/sounding-rockets/
• White, J. Terry. 2011. “First Successful Live Payload Rocket Flight.” White Eagle Aerospace, September 14. https://www.whiteeagleaerospace.com/x-8-lofts-biological-payload/

General Sources

• Boyd, R. L. F., M. J. Seaton, H. S. W. Massey, and S. F. Singer. 1955. “Rocket Exploration of the Upper Atmosphere.” Physics Today 8 (7): 15–16. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3062072
• Cappelli, Mark. 2009. “The Hall Effect and Rocket Flight.” Physics Today 62 (4): 76–77. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3120905
• “Crossref.” n.d. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://www.crossref.org/
• “Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information.” n.d. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://www.osti.gov/
• Eisele, John A., and Robert L. Weber. 1969. “Astrodynamics, Rockets, Satellites and Space Travel: An Introduction to Space Science.” Physics Today 22 (7): 84–85. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3035701
• “NASA Technical Reports Server.” n.d. Accessed October 25, 2026. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/
• Newell, Homer E., and S. F. Singer. 1954. “High Altitude Rocket Research.” Physics Today 7 (8): 19–20. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3061722
• Yagoda, Herman. 1960. “The Recovery of Cosmic-Ray Emulsions from Rocket and Space Probes.” Physics Today 13 (10): 18–25. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3062764

Tertiary Sources

• “Aerobee.” n.d. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Accessed October 24, 2026. http://www.astronautix.com/a/aerobee.html
• “Aerobee.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 23, at 14:34 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerobee&oldid=1360775001
• “Aerojet.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 25, at 14:11 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerojet&oldid=1365973953
• “Aerojet General X-8.” 2024. Wikipedia. Last modified September 8, at 02:10 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aerojet_General_X-8&oldid=1244609385
• “Airglow.” n.d. In SpringerReference. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_30526
• “Aniline.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 1, at 00:26 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aniline&oldid=1367100033
• “Ballistic Coefficient.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 16, at 23:46 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ballistic_coefficient&oldid=1364505283
• “Churchill Rocket Research Range.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 2, at 23:41 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Churchill_Rocket_Research_Range&oldid=1362284490
• “Douglas Aircraft Company.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 20, at 14:35 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Douglas_Aircraft_Company&oldid=1365142764
• “Furfuryl Alcohol.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 16, at 21:50 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Furfuryl_alcohol&oldid=1359730657
• “Helium.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 2, at 15:57 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Helium&oldid=1367353962
• “Herbert Friedman.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 31, at 00:24 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Herbert_Friedman&oldid=1366941543
• “Hermes Program.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 15, at 19:52 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hermes_program&oldid=1364301266
• “Holloman Air Force Base.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 19, at 17:57 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Holloman_Air_Force_Base&oldid=1364990290
• “Homer E. Newell Jr.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 6, at 22:11 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Homer_E._Newell_Jr.&oldid=1358149474
• “Hypergolic Propellant.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 13, at 06:40 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypergolic_propellant&oldid=1363908948
• “International Geophysical Year.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified May 13, at 13:57 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Geophysical_Year&oldid=1353970579
• “James Van Allen.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 31, at 00:38 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Van_Allen&oldid=1366944123
• “Jet Propulsion Laboratory.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 26, at 02:43 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jet_Propulsion_Laboratory&oldid=1366068866
• “Johns Hopkins University.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 23, at 04:43 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_University&oldid=1365563364
• “Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 21, at 15:32 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Johns_Hopkins_University_Applied_Physics_Laboratory&oldid=1365304491
• “Kármán Line.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 15, at 21:18 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A1rm%C3%A1n_line&oldid=1364312719
• “Liquid Oxygen.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified September 9, at 02:30 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liquid_oxygen&oldid=1373977229
• “List of X-Planes.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 16, at 19:44 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_X-planes&oldid=1359712029
• “Lyman-Alpha.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified April 20, at 12:14 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lyman-alpha&oldid=1350146329
• “MIM-3 Nike Ajax.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified May 18, at 18:41 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MIM-3_Nike_Ajax&oldid=1354874807
• “Nitric Acid.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified April 22, at 22:37 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nitric_acid&oldid=1350607607
• “Nobel Prize in Physics.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 5, at 11:04 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nobel_Prize_in_Physics&oldid=1367820327
• “Operation Bumblebee.” 2025. Wikipedia. Last modified June 4, at 00:10 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Operation_Bumblebee&oldid=1293840779
• “Ozone Layer.” 2025. Wikipedia. Last modified October 22, at 05:28 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ozone_layer&oldid=1318147102
• “Parachute.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 24, at 17:24 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parachute&oldid=1360947488
• Parsch, Andreas. 2004a. “Aerojet General Aerobee (Models 170, 300).” Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, Appendix 4: Undesignated Vehicles. https://designation-systems.net/dusrm/app4/aerobee.html
• Parsch, Andreas. 2004b. “Aerojet General RM-84/PWN-2 Aerobee-Hi (and Earlier Aerobee Variants).” Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles. https://designation-systems.net/dusrm/n-2.html
• Parsch, Andreas. 2025. “Pre-1963 Designations of U.S. Missiles and Drones.” Designation-Systems.Net, June 10. https://designation-systems.net/usmilav/old-missiles.html
• “Pulse-Position Modulation.” 2025. Wikipedia. Last modified November 26, at 22:04 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pulse-position_modulation&oldid=1324313199
• “RAAF Woomera Range Complex.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 19, at 20:14 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RAAF_Woomera_Range_Complex&oldid=1365015259
• “Riccardo Giacconi.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 3, at 04:04 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Riccardo_Giacconi&oldid=1367448255
• “Richard Tousey.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 31, at 02:23 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Richard_Tousey&oldid=1366961247
• “Scorpius X-1.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 3, at 22:39 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scorpius_X-1&oldid=1367574501
• “Shannon–Hartley Theorem.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 2, at 22:31 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shannon%E2%80%93Hartley_theorem&oldid=1362274548
• “Sounding Rocket.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 20, at 19:11 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sounding_rocket&oldid=1360323078
• “Specific Impulse.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 29, at 04:42 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Specific_impulse&oldid=1361633653
• “Thermosphere.” n.d. In SpringerReference. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/springerreference_30926
• “Tsiolkovsky Rocket Equation.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 4, at 05:39 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation&oldid=1357709322
• “U.S. Standard Atmosphere.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified March 20, at 18:40 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.S._Standard_Atmosphere&oldid=1344480951
• “United States Naval Research Laboratory.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 11, at 02:32 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_States_Naval_Research_Laboratory&oldid=1358806981
• “USS Norton Sound.” 2025. Wikipedia. Last modified December 11, at 21:04 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=USS_Norton_Sound&oldid=1326956055
• “V-2 Rocket.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified August 3, at 11:19 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V-2_rocket&oldid=1367491056
• “V-2 Sounding Rocket.” 2025. Wikipedia. Last modified December 24, at 17:04 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=V-2_sounding_rocket&oldid=1329235649
• “WAC Corporal.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 25, at 16:33 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=WAC_Corporal&oldid=1361097753
• “Wallops Flight Facility.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified May 10, at 01:38 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wallops_Flight_Facility&oldid=1353398007
• “White Sands Missile Range.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 19, at 19:13 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=White_Sands_Missile_Range&oldid=1365005099
• “X-Ray Astronomy.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified June 28, at 22:47 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=X-ray_astronomy&oldid=1361592702

Related Posts

• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Framing and the Research Aircraft Model.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 6. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/06/x_planes_framing.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-1.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 7. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/07/x_planes_bell_x1.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-2.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 8. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/08/x_planes_bell_x2.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Douglas X-3 Stiletto.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 9. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/09/x_planes_douglas_x3.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Northrop X-4 Bantam.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 10. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/10/x_planes_northrop_x4.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-5.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 11. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/11/x_planes_bell_x5.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Convair X-6.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 12. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/12/x_planes_convair_x6.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Lockheed X-7.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 13. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/13/x_planes_lockheed_x7.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2026. “Rocket Propellant Chemistry, A Design-Tradeoff Space.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, February 1. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/propulsion/chemistry/2026/02/01/rocket_propellant_chemistry_a_design_tradeoff_space.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2026. “Introduction to Space Studies.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, February 21. https://sgeos.github.io/space/math/2026/02/21/introduction_to_space_studies.html
• Sechter, Brendan. 2026. “History of Rocketplanes.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, February 27. https://sgeos.github.io/space/history/2026/02/27/history_of_rocketplanes.html