X-Planes: Ryan X-13 Vertijet
Filed under: aerospace, history, engineering
The Ryan X-13 Vertijet did everything it was asked to do and it changed nothing. On 11 April 1957, in the Smithsonian record’s account, it rose vertically from a hook on the back of a lorry, tilted over into wingborne flight, flew, tilted back, hovered, and hung itself on the same hook. Nothing before it had completed that cycle on jet thrust alone, and no crewed jet tail-sitter has completed it since, the French Coléoptère of 1959 having never made the transition to level flight in the record of tail-sitter aircraft. This article is the fourteenth in the X-Planes series, following the X-1, the X-2, the X-3, the X-4, the X-5, the X-6, the X-7, the X-8, the X-9, the X-10, the X-11, and the X-12.
It also ends a run. The X-8, X-9, X-10, X-11, and X-12 were sounding rockets, missiles, and ballistic weapon articles, none of them a research aircraft in the sense the X-1 established. The X-13 is a research aircraft again, built by one company in two examples to answer one question, and the question is a good one. The standard inventory entry remains Jenkins Landis and Miller 2003 American X-Vehicles, An Inventory X-1 to X-50, Miller 2001 The X-Planes, X-1 to X-45 compiles the vehicles, and Rogers 1989 VTOL, Military Research Aircraft supplies the wider vertical take-off context.
The Research Question
An aeroplane is controlled by moving air over surfaces. At zero airspeed there is no air moving over anything, so a machine that intends to hover must be controlled by something else, and at some point in between the something else must hand over.
Two Systems Whose Authority Scales Differently
The moment available from a control surface is proportional to dynamic pressure,
\[M_{\text{aero}} = q \, S \, \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}, \qquad q = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} \tag{1}\]so it vanishes as the square of the speed and is exactly zero in a hover. The moment available from deflecting the thrust of the engine does not depend on airspeed at all,
\[M_{\text{thrust}} = T \, \ell \sin \theta \tag{2}\]where $\ell$ is the distance from the nozzle to the centre of mass and $\theta$ is the deflection. One term is quadratic in speed and the other is constant, so they cross exactly once, at
\[V_{\text{equal}} = \sqrt{\frac{T \ell \sin \theta}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}} \tag{3}\]and the airframe must be adequately controlled on both sides of that crossing and at it.
Two different crossings will appear below, and they should be separated now. One is the speed at which the aerodynamic surfaces produce as much moment as the deflected thrust does, which is where the two curves meet. The other is the speed at which the aerodynamic surfaces produce enough moment to meet the control-power criterion, which happens earlier because the criterion asks for less than the thrust can supply. Only the second matters, since a vehicle needs adequate control and not maximal control, and the first turns out to lie above the speed at which the aircraft is flying normally anyway.
Here lies the X-13’s research question, and the previous five articles could not have asked it. The X-11 was a mass-fraction problem and the X-12 a terminal-velocity problem. Neither vehicle was ever required to hover, because neither was at zero airspeed while airborne for longer than the instant of lift-off. Campbell 1962, the period’s standard treatment, states the problem generally for this class of aircraft, with the conference record in Conference on V/Stol Aircraft 1960 and NASA Conference on V/STOL 1960, NASA Conference on V/STOL Aircraft.
What Adequate Means
Control authority is judged against an angular acceleration the pilot can use. The hovering and low-speed visual flight experiments of Garren et al. 1965 put the lower limit of satisfactory control power at about half a radian per second squared in pitch and three quarters in roll, and this article adopts half in pitch and one in roll for a hovering aircraft. The X-13’s mass at the gross weight of 6,730 pounds that a compilation gives is
\[m = 3053 \, \text{kg} \tag{4}\]and its pitching moment of inertia need not be estimated. The Langley spin-tunnel programme tabulated the airplane’s full-scale mass characteristics, and Bowman 1957 gives 4,042 slug square feet in pitch for the normal loading with full fuel and the landing hook, at 6,696 pounds. Converting at 1.3558 kilogramme square metres to the slug square foot,
\[I_{yy} = 4042 \times 1.3558 = 5480 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{5}\]which is a radius of gyration of $\sqrt{I_{yy}/m} = 1.34$ metres, or 0.19 of the 7.14 metre length, so the required pitching moment is
\[M_{\text{req}} = I_{yy} \, \dot{q}_{\text{req}} = 5480 \times 0.50 = 2740 \, \text{N m} \tag{6}\]The criterion is an estimate and is identified as such in the Epistemic State. The criteria themselves were being established experimentally at this moment, and the aircraft that established them was the next one in this series, in Drinkwater and Rolls 1962 using the variable-stability X-14A, with the visual-flight investigation in Garren et al. 1965.
Three Axes, Three Different Answers
The crossing is not a single event, because the three axes are controlled by different things and hand over at different speeds.
Pitch is deflected thrust against elevons, and both act about the same axis with comparable arms. Yaw is deflected thrust against a rudder, and on a tail-sitter the rudder is on a fin that is short because the fuselage is short. The Smithsonian record gives elevons and a rudder for conventional flight and a vectorable exhaust nozzle for the hover. Roll cannot use deflected thrust at all, and the reason is geometric rather than a matter of degree. The moment of a force applied at a position is
\[\mathbf{M} = \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F} \tag{7}\]and for a nozzle on the longitudinal axis the position vector is parallel to that axis, so
\[\mathbf{M} \cdot \hat{\mathbf{x}} = (\mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F}) \cdot \hat{\mathbf{x}} = 0 \tag{8}\]for any $\mathbf{F}$ whatever. The rolling moment from the nozzle is identically zero and not merely small, so a separate device is required that a conventional aeroplane does not carry.
That asymmetry explains why a tail-sitting jet looks the way it does. The roll axis forces a design decision, and the puffer jets that a compilation places outboard of the X-13’s wingtip endplates exist to serve it. Friend 1964 studies systematically what a jet vertical take-off aircraft needs by way of reaction control, and Hoffman 1971 quantifies the cost of providing it.
Where They Cross
With the wing area of 191 square feet and span of 21 feet that Bowman 1957 tabulates for the airplane, a mean chord taken as area over span,
\[\bar{c} = \frac{S}{b} = \frac{17.74}{6.40} = 2.77 \, \text{m} \tag{9}\]and an elevon pitching-moment increment of 0.10 at full deflection, the aerodynamic moment is
\[M_{\text{aero}} = \tfrac{1}{2} \times 1.225 \times 17.74 \times 2.77 \times 0.10 \, V^{2} = 3.013 \, V^{2} \tag{10}\]Setting that equal to the requirement gives the speed below which the control surfaces cannot do the job,
\[V_{\text{cross}} = \sqrt{\frac{2740}{3.013}} = 30.2 \, \text{m/s} = 59 \, \text{knots} \tag{11}\]The vectored thrust, meanwhile, is ample everywhere. A ten degree deflection of 10,000 pounds of thrust at an assumed 3.5 metre arm gives
\[M_{\text{thrust}} = 44{,}482 \times 3.50 \times \sin 10^{\circ} = 27{,}035 \, \text{N m} \tag{12}\]which is
\[\frac{M_{\text{thrust}}}{M_{\text{req}}} = \frac{27{,}035}{2740} = 9.87 \tag{13}\]Evaluating the equal-authority crossing introduced above gives
\[V_{\text{equal}} = \sqrt{\frac{27{,}035}{3.013}} = 94.7 \, \text{m/s} \tag{14}\]so the two curves do not meet until well beyond the speed at which the aircraft is flying normally, and the elevons never dominate within the transition. The fraction of the available authority that is aerodynamic,
\[\lambda(V) = \frac{M_{\text{aero}}(V)}{M_{\text{aero}}(V) + M_{\text{thrust}}} \tag{15}\]is therefore small throughout.
| Speed | Aerodynamic share of available authority |
|---|---|
| 0 m/s | 0.000 |
| 20 m/s | 0.043 |
| 30.2 m/s | 0.092 |
| 40 m/s | 0.151 |
| 60 m/s | 0.286 |
At the speed where the elevons first become adequate they still supply only about a tenth of what is available, and the nozzle is doing the rest. The handover is more gradual than a single crossover speed suggests.
The vectored thrust supplies nearly ten times what is needed. The criteria this is measured against were assembled over the following decade, in Tapscott 1960b on primary handling qualities for hovering and transition, Anderson 1960a examining the criteria themselves, Clark 1964, and later by moving-base simulation in McCormick 1969 and by task performance measurement in Harper and Sardanowsky 1969. So the handover is not a struggle between two marginal systems. The thrust vectoring is comfortable from zero airspeed upward, and the aerodynamic surfaces become comfortable at 30 metres per second. That speed means little until it is set against the speed at which the wing starts to fly.
Controls Before the Wing
The wing begins carrying the aircraft at its stall speed. At a gross weight of 29,935 newtons over 17.74 square metres, with a maximum lift coefficient of 1.0 for a thin delta without high-lift devices,
\[V_{\text{stall}} = \sqrt{\frac{2W}{\rho S C_{L\max}}} = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 29{,}935}{1.225 \times 17.74 \times 1.0}} = 52.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{16}\]so
\[\frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} = \frac{30.2}{52.5} = 0.575 \tag{17}\]The control surfaces become adequate at well under three fifths of the speed at which the wing starts flying. The controls come alive before the wing does, and without that ordering a tail-sitting jet would not be possible at all. Had the crossover come at twice the stall speed the aircraft would have had a band of speeds in which it was flying on its wing and could not be pointed, a condition that cannot be survived.
The ordering is not luck. Both quantities scale with $W/S$ and with the same dynamic pressure, so their ratio depends on the ratio of the control-moment coefficient to the lift coefficient and on the geometry, and not on the size or weight of the aircraft. A tail-sitting jet works because the same air that lifts a wing also works its controls, and both start at once. Aoyagi and Tolhurst 1964 and Spencer 1962 describe the low-speed characteristics that set the wing side of it. A control surface too small would break it, and weight would not, so later sections return repeatedly to this design margin.
Writing the ratio out makes the independence explicit. Both speeds come from setting a moment equal to a requirement,
\[V_{\text{cross}}^{2} = \frac{I_{yy} \dot{q}_{\text{req}}}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}, \qquad V_{\text{stall}}^{2} = \frac{2W}{\rho S C_{L\max}} \tag{18}\]so their ratio is
\[\left( \frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} \right)^{2} = \frac{I_{yy} \, \dot{q}_{\text{req}} \, C_{L\max}}{W \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}} \tag{19}\]The wing area has cancelled and the air density has cancelled. What remains is the pitch inertia divided by the weight, which for a given shape scales as a length, divided by the mean chord, which is also a length. The ratio is therefore a function of proportions and of the required angular acceleration, and not of scale, which is why a one-fifth-scale model of this aircraft can demonstrate the same handover. It also made the requirement the variable of interest, and Johnston and Friend 1965 and Johnston et al. 1965 studied directly whether the control power a hovering aircraft needs depends on its size.
Programme Origin
A Navy Question From 1947
The line begins with the Navy. In 1947 the Bureau of Aeronautics awarded Ryan a contract to investigate a vertically launched jet fighter, as part of an evaluation of submarine-based aircraft, according to the National Air and Space Museum’s record of the aircraft, and a compilation gives the original designation as F3R. The motivation was that a vertically launched fighter needs no runway, and so could operate from a small ship, from a clearing, or from a submarine. Ryan’s starting point was the FR-1 Fireball, a mixed-power fighter the company had already built, whose thrust-to-weight ratio reached one at low fuel quantities.
A jet test rig preceded the aeroplane. The same record describes an unmanned demonstrator powered by an Allison J33 that first flew on 20 October 1950 and was controlled in the hover by a ball-mounted nozzle, and a manned conversion of it in which Peter Girard made the first manned hovering flight in a jet aircraft on 24 November 1953.
The Navy pursued the same idea with propellers and got there first. The Convair XFY-1 and the Lockheed XFV-1 were turboprop tail-sitters flown from 1954, and the XFY-1 made its first conversion to horizontal flight and back in November 1954. Their development generated the research literature this article rests on, in Lovell et al. 1953, Lovell 1954, Queijo et al. 1953c, Johnson 1954, Smith and Lovell 1954, Schade et al. 1954, Kelly and Smaus 1952, Sutton and Buell 1952, and Kirby 1954b. The X-13 exists because the Air Force wanted the same demonstration on pure jet thrust, and after the Navy’s funding ran out it contracted Ryan in July 1954 for two demonstrators, according to the Smithsonian record. Compilations, among them the standard reference entry, give 1953 instead. A stand-on configuration had already been flown as a model in McKinney and Lysle 1954, and rocket-boosted and windmilling-propeller variants of the XFY-1 case are Hastings and Mitcham 1954a and Hollinger and Mitcham 1955.
The mid-1950s also saw the configuration space surveyed at once. Comparative studies weighed tail-sitters against tilt-wings, deflected slipstream, and lift engines, in Irvin and Swan 1956 on performance and weight estimates for six vertical take-off aircraft, Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div 1956, and McCormick 1956a, the last of which, a transition analysis, is the nearest thing in the accessible literature to a general treatment of this article’s keystone. The propeller configurations of the same comparison are treated across the class in Kirby 1961 and measured on a deflected-slipstream model in Kuhn and Grunwald 1960.
Why the Propeller Version Was Easier
A turboprop tail-sitter hovers inside its own slipstream. The propeller pushes air over the wing and tail even at zero forward speed, so the control surfaces work in the hover. A turbojet tail-sitter exhausts aft of everything and its wing sees nothing at all.
Quantifying it settles the design difference completely. A propeller disc supporting a weight $W$ over area $A$ produces a slipstream of
\[v_{s} = \sqrt{\frac{2 (W/A)}{\rho}} \tag{20}\]and for a disc loading of 1,500 pascals, which is conservative for the class, since the gross weight of 14,250 pounds and the 16 foot propellers that a compilation gives for the XFY-1 come to about 3,400 pascals,
\[v_{s} = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 1500}{1.225}} = 49.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{21}\]The slipstream puts a dynamic pressure of 1,500 pascals over the inboard wing, against 1,687 pascals at the X-13’s stall. A turboprop tail-sitter hovers with something close to stall-speed dynamic pressure already on its control surfaces, and a turbojet tail-sitter hovers with none. The propeller side of that statement is measured in Sutton and Buell 1952 and treated across the class in Kirby 1961. The propeller aircraft therefore needed no reaction control system and the jet aircraft could not do without one, and that single ratio explains why the two configurations look so different despite answering the same question.
Sizing From First Principles
Thrust Greater Than Weight
A hovering aircraft must produce more thrust than it weighs. The Rolls-Royce Avon gave 10,000 pounds of thrust, in the figures of the National Museum of the United States Air Force and of the Smithsonian record, which identifies it as an RA.28-49, against a gross weight of 6,730 pounds in compilations. The primary weights differ among themselves. The spin-tunnel table of Bowman 1957 gives 6,696 pounds with full fuel and the landing hook and 6,958 pounds with full fuel and wheels, the Smithsonian record a gross of 7,313 pounds, and the Air Force museum a maximum of 7,200. The 6,730 pounds used throughout lies within about half a percent of the hook loading. The condition defines the configuration class, and Denning 1962, Przedpelski 1965, and Brown 1965 map the surrounding design space, from lift fans through lift-plus-thrust arrangements to low-disc-loading rotorcraft, with the conference records in Scientific and Technical Information Division 1966 and the period’s standard book in Campbell 1962. Taking the ratio,
\[\frac{T}{W} = \frac{44{,}482}{29{,}935} = 1.486 \tag{22}\]and at the maximum weight of 7,200 pounds it is still 1.389. The vertical acceleration available is
\[a = g \left( \frac{T}{W} - 1 \right) = 9.807 \times 0.486 = 4.76 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{23}\]so the aircraft leaves the trailer at about half a gravity and reaches thirty metres in
\[t = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{a}} = \sqrt{\frac{60}{4.76}} = 3.55 \, \text{s} \tag{24}\]arriving at 16.9 metres per second. This condition comes to mind first and matters least, because an Avon in a small airframe satisfied it with room to spare. The heaviest the aircraft could be and still hover is 10,000 pounds, which is 3,270 pounds above its gross weight.
Hovering Is the Expensive Part
The condition that did bind is fuel. A turbojet producing thrust at a specific fuel consumption $c$ burns
\[\dot{m}_{f} = c \, T \tag{25}\]and to hover it must produce thrust equal to weight, so the fuel flow in a hover is fixed by the aircraft’s weight and nothing else. At an assumed 0.93 pounds per pound of thrust per hour, which is the dry figure an engine compilation quotes for the later Avon Mk.301 and is adopted here as an estimate,
\[\dot{m}_{f} = 0.93 \times 6730 = 6259 \, \text{lb/hr} = 104.3 \, \text{lb/min} \tag{26}\]The fuel load follows from the spin-tunnel table of loadings in Bowman 1957, which gives the airplane with its hook at 6,696 pounds with full fuel, 5,646 pounds with a quarter of it, and 5,366 pounds with a twentieth. The differences are three quarters and nineteen twentieths of the full load, so
\[m_{f} = \frac{6696 - 5646}{0.75} = \frac{6696 - 5366}{0.95} = 1400 \, \text{lb} \tag{27}\]and the wheeled loadings in the same table return the same 1,400 pounds. That gives
\[t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{1400}{104.3} = 13.4 \, \text{min} \tag{28}\]The entire fuel load is about thirteen minutes of hovering. The rest of the article turns on this number. Put more harshly, one minute of hovering at each end of a flight spends about fifteen percent of the fuel before the machine has gone anywhere.
The same table checks the compilations’ weights. Removing the fuel from the wheeled loading leaves
\[6958 - 1400 - 5334 = 224 \, \text{lb} \tag{29}\]above the 5,334 pound empty weight that compilations quote, which is about what a pilot and his equipment weigh, so the published empty weight appears to describe the aircraft on wheels.
The relation generalises and the generalisation is unkind. Hover endurance is
\[t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{m_{f}}{c \, W} = \frac{1}{c} \cdot \frac{m_{f}}{W} \tag{30}\]so it depends only on the fuel fraction and the specific fuel consumption, and not at all on the size of the aircraft or the thrust of its engine. A larger tail-sitter with a larger engine hovers for exactly as long as a smaller one at the same fuel fraction. No scale exists at which the problem improves. That sets this constraint apart from most aircraft design constraints, and it explains why the comparative studies of the period kept returning verdicts against the configuration for transport work, in Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div 1956 and McCormick 1956a, with the weight bookkeeping behind those verdicts in Irvin and Swan 1956.
A rotorcraft escapes the same arithmetic because it does not produce its lift as thrust from a jet. Hovering efficiency is measured by the power needed per unit of lift, which for an actuator disc is
\[\frac{P}{T} = \sqrt{\frac{T/A}{2 \rho}} \tag{31}\]and therefore improves as the disc grows. A jet has the smallest possible disc and pays the largest possible price, and the disc-loading comparison computed later in this article is the same fact seen from the ground rather than from the fuel gauge. Michaelsen 1971 later measured that comparison across the three configurations, and Irvin and Swan 1956 carries its consequences into the weight estimates.
Roll Control at Zero Airspeed
Pitch and yaw were handled by deflecting the engine exhaust. Roll could not be, because rolling the aircraft about the thrust line produces no moment however the nozzle is aimed. A tail-sitting jet therefore needs a separate roll control that works at zero airspeed, and the X-13 carried compressed-air jets at the wingtips, outboard of the endplates, which a compilation describes together with the vectored pitch and yaw control.
Sizing them is a short calculation. The spin-tunnel table of Bowman 1957 gives the rolling moment of inertia as 1,543 slug square feet, so
\[I_{xx} = 1543 \times 1.3558 = 2092 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{32}\]and at a criterion of one radian per second squared the couple required is 2,092 newton metres. The one-fifth-scale model of Smith 1958b, whose roll nozzles use engine bleed air, places them 24.375 inches from the centreline, which is 10.16 feet or 3.10 metres at full scale, so the opposed jets act on an arm of $d = 6.19$ metres and the force each must produce is
\[F = \frac{M}{d} = \frac{2092}{6.19} = 338 \, \text{N} = 76 \, \text{lbf} \tag{33}\]which is 1.5 percent of the engine’s thrust taken as a couple. At an assumed bleed velocity of 500 metres per second that is a mass flow of
\[\dot{m} = \frac{2F}{v} = \frac{676}{500} = 1.35 \, \text{kg/s} \tag{34}\]or about 1.9 percent of an Avon’s air. A roll control that costs two percent of the engine is affordable and not negligible, and the propeller tail-sitters did not pay it at all. Baxter and Finvold 1958 takes up the design problem of arranging engine control and attitude control together in a vertical-attitude aircraft and comes closer than any other accessible document to stating this vehicle’s control philosophy, with the reaction control criteria worked systematically in Friend 1964.
What lateral control needs to feel like in a hovering jet-lift aircraft was measured directly, in Drinkwater et al. 1965a, the nearest experiment in the literature to the X-13’s roll problem, which postdates it by eight years. Hegarty et al. 1965 describes the variable-stability apparatus that made such measurements possible for a deflected-jet aircraft, and Corliss et al. 1977 simulated competing hover control concepts in flight. Cross-coupling between axes, which a reaction control system introduces and an aerodynamic one largely does not, is the subject of Garren 1961, and the augmentation that later removed the problem from the pilot came in Clark et al. 1963 and Hartmann et al. 1979a.
The ailerons take over earlier than the elevons do. At a rolling-moment coefficient of 0.05 the aerodynamic couple reaches the same criterion at
\[V = \sqrt{\frac{M}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S b \, \Delta C_{l}}} = 24.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{35}\]which is 0.47 of the stall speed, so roll hands over from the puffers to the ailerons well before pitch hands over from the nozzle to the elevons. The two axes do not cross at the same moment, and a pilot flying the transition manages a control system whose character changes progressively rather than all at once.
Yaw, and the Order of the Handover
Yaw has been mentioned and not sized, and sizing it completes the picture. The spin-tunnel table of Bowman 1957 gives the yawing moment of inertia as 4,833 slug square feet, or
\[I_{zz} = 4833 \times 1.3558 = 6553 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{36}\]which is 1.20 times the pitch inertia, and at a criterion of 0.3 radians per second squared the required moment is 1,966 newton metres. The nozzle supplies that at a deflection of
\[\theta = \arcsin \frac{M}{T \ell} = \arcsin \frac{1966}{44{,}482 \times 3.50} = 0.72^{\circ} \tag{37}\]Under one degree. Yaw is the axis nobody had to think about, because the same nozzle that handles pitch handles yaw with a fraction of the deflection and the criterion is lower.
The rudder takes over early as well. At a yawing-moment increment of 0.06 the aerodynamic moment reaches the criterion at
\[V = \sqrt{\frac{M}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S b \, \Delta C_{n}}} = 21.7 \, \text{m/s} \tag{38}\]which is 0.41 of the stall speed. The same deflection relation puts the pitch criterion at $\arcsin (2740 / 155{,}687) = 1.01$ degrees of nozzle. Collecting the three axes gives the article’s structural result about the transition.
| Axis | Reaction or vectored device | Aerodynamic device takes over at | As a fraction of stall speed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yaw | nozzle, 0.7 degrees | 21.7 m/s | 0.41 |
| Roll | wingtip jets, 338 N each | 24.5 m/s | 0.47 |
| Pitch | nozzle, 1.0 degree | 30.2 m/s | 0.57 |
The three axes do not hand over together. They hand over in sequence, and the sequence runs from the cheapest axis to the dearest. The derivatives that would settle the aerodynamic side of each were measured for this configuration class in Queijo et al. 1953a, Queijo et al. 1953d, and Queijo et al. 1953b, and for the jet-powered vertical-attitude model in Shanks and Smith 1959 and Shanks and Smith 1960. A pilot accelerating through the transition therefore feels the aircraft become a conventional aeroplane one axis at a time, first in yaw, then in roll, and last in pitch, and for a band of about six metres per second, between 24.5 and 30.2, he is flying a machine that is aerodynamic in two axes and reactive in the third. Only a calculation of all three axes reveals this, and it says more than a single crossover speed can.
The Cost of the Transition
Set against the hover, the transition itself is almost free. In the manoeuvre the aircraft tilts by an angle $\phi$ from the vertical, and the thrust must still support the weight,
\[T \cos \phi \geq W \tag{39}\]so the steepest available tilt is
\[\phi_{\max} = \arccos \frac{W}{T} = \arccos 0.6730 = 47.7^{\circ} \tag{40}\]At that attitude the horizontal acceleration, neglecting drag, is
\[a_{h} = g \frac{T}{W} \sin \phi_{\max} = 9.807 \times 1.486 \times 0.7396 = 10.78 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{41}\]which is 1.10 gravities. Reaching the stall speed takes
\[t = \frac{V_{\text{stall}}}{a_{h}} = \frac{52.5}{10.78} = 4.9 \, \text{s} \tag{42}\]over a distance of
\[s = \tfrac{1}{2} a_{h} t^{2} = 128 \, \text{m} \tag{43}\]and consumes, at full thrust,
\[m_{f} = \frac{10{,}000 \times 0.93 \times 4.9}{3600} = 12.6 \, \text{lb} \tag{44}\]Twelve pounds of fuel and five seconds. The manoeuvre the entire programme existed to demonstrate costs about one percent of the fuel, and the hovering that brackets it costs everything else. Flying at a gentler tilt is slower and therefore more expensive.
| Tilt from vertical | Horizontal acceleration | Vertical acceleration | Time to stall speed |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20 degrees | 4.98 m/s² | +3.89 m/s² | 10.5 s |
| 30 degrees | 7.29 m/s² | +2.81 m/s² | 7.2 s |
| 40 degrees | 9.36 m/s² | +1.36 m/s² | 5.6 s |
| 47.7 degrees | 10.78 m/s² | 0.00 m/s² | 4.9 s |
McCormick 1956a analyses the transition for the configuration class. Model flight tests flew the manoeuvre in Smith 1958b for the X-13 itself and in Smith 1958a and Smith 1961b for the closely related jet-powered vertical-attitude model, whose lateral derivatives were measured in Shanks and Smith 1959 and Shanks and Smith 1960.
The vertical column is the constraint that makes the table interesting. At every tilt shallower than 47.7 degrees the aircraft is still climbing while it accelerates, which is comfortable but slow. At exactly 47.7 degrees it holds altitude and accelerates hardest. Beyond it the aircraft descends, and doing that near the ground with a wing not yet flying is the condition the transition exists to avoid.
What Control Power Costs
Reaction control is not free and its price is paid in the same currency as everything else. A puffer system sized to the criterion above bleeds about 1.9 percent of the engine’s air, and bleeding air from a turbojet costs thrust roughly in proportion, so holding the roll criterion in a hover costs
\[\Delta T \approx 0.0193 \, T = 859 \, \text{N} = 193 \, \text{lbf} \tag{45}\]against a hover margin of 3,270 pounds. Roll control alone consumes about six percent of the thrust margin, before pitch and yaw are considered and before any allowance for gusts. That figure is an estimate resting on the assumed bleed velocity, and Hoffman 1971 gives the general accounting of what control power costs a vertical take-off aircraft.
Whether the cost is worth paying against the alternatives is a question the field answered much later and in the opposite direction, since Lallman 1985 builds a lateral-directional control system deliberately around thrust vectoring. What the X-13 treated as a penalty is now sometimes the point, because an aircraft that can point its thrust can be flown at attitudes a conventional one cannot.
The consequence is a design spiral of the ordinary kind. More control power needs more bleed, which needs more thrust, which needs a larger engine, which needs a larger airframe, which has more inertia and therefore needs more of it. The spiral has a direction and it can be written down. The required moment scales with inertia,
\[M_{\text{req}} = I \dot{\omega} \propto m L^{2} \tag{46}\]while the available moment scales with thrust times a moment arm, and at a fixed thrust-to-weight ratio the thrust scales with the mass,
\[M_{\text{av}} = T \ell \sin \theta \propto m L \tag{47}\]so the ratio of what is needed to what is there grows linearly with size,
\[\frac{M_{\text{req}}}{M_{\text{av}}} \propto L \tag{48}\]| Linear scale | Mass | Control power as a fraction of the engine |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1 | 1.9 percent |
| 2 | 8 | 3.9 percent |
| 3 | 27 | 5.8 percent |
Doubling the length doubles the fraction of the engine that attitude control consumes. The spiral therefore converges only for a small aircraft, and the X-13 is small. This is a different and stronger statement than the earlier one that the crossover ratio is independent of scale, and both are true. The speed at which the controls become adequate does not care about size. The cost of making them adequate does. Johnston et al. 1965 and Johnston and Friend 1965 ask whether the requirement should depend on size.
What an Operational Version Would Have Cost
The programme was a demonstration and never carried a weapon, but the arithmetic of what it would have meant operationally is short and bears directly on why the idea stopped. The fuel fraction is
\[\zeta = \frac{1400}{6730} = 0.208 \tag{49}\]and the Breguet range for a jet is
\[R = \frac{V}{c} \frac{L}{D} \ln \frac{1}{1 - \zeta} \tag{50}\]with $c$ the thrust specific fuel consumption expressed as a reciprocal time, which for 0.93 pounds per pound-hour is $2.583 \times 10^{-4}$ per second. At a cruise speed of 200 metres per second and a lift-to-drag ratio of six,
\[R = \frac{200}{2.583 \times 10^{-4}} \times 6 \times \ln \frac{1}{0.792} = 1083 \, \text{km} \tag{51}\]giving a radius of 542 kilometres if every pound of fuel went to cruising. It does not.
| Total hover time | Fuel spent hovering | Radius | Radius forgone |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 s | 104.3 lb | 497 km | 45 km, 8.3 percent |
| 120 s | 208.6 lb | 453 km | 89 km, 16.5 percent |
| 180 s | 312.9 lb | 409 km | 133 km, 24.5 percent |
One minute of hovering at each end of the flight costs a sixth of the radius. The period kept its weight and performance bookkeeping for this class in Irvin and Swan 1956, with the configuration comparison in Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div 1956 and Campbell 1962. The same arithmetic was run for civil operations and returned the same verdict, in Spillman 1965 on short-range vertical take-off jet airliners, where a route short enough to suit the aircraft is also short enough that the hover fuel dominates the sortie. And one minute is optimistic for a vertical landing onto a hook, for the reasons the Dependent Systems section quantifies.
| Hover discipline | Take-off and landing | Fuel spent | Fraction of fuel |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brisk | 0.5 and 1.0 minutes | 156 lb | 11.2 percent |
| Realistic | 1.0 and 2.0 minutes | 313 lb | 22.4 percent |
| Cautious | 2.0 and 4.0 minutes | 626 lb | 44.7 percent |
A cautious pilot spends nearly half the fuel without leaving the airfield. And the Dependent Systems section shows that the pilot has every reason to be cautious, since he is flying a third-order loop by proxy through a man on the ground toward a hook he cannot see. The vertical take-off and landing capability is therefore not free and not cheap. It is paid for in the currency the aircraft has least of, and the payment is made twice on every sortie.
Dependent Systems
The Engine
The Smithsonian record describes the engine as an Avon RA.28-49 axial-flow turbojet of 10,000 pounds of thrust, while the spin-tunnel tests of Bowman 1957 simulated the rotating parts of an Avon R.A. 14 at 8,000 revolutions per minute, and the documents available do not say whether the designation changed between the model tests and the flights. In an airframe with an empty weight of 5,334 pounds the engine is a large fraction of the whole, and it is better understood as an engine with a wing attached than as an aeroplane with an engine in it. Every dimension of the X-13 follows from wrapping the smallest possible airframe around an Avon, which is why the span is 21 feet, the length 23.445 feet, or 23 feet 5 inches, in the dimensional table of Bowman 1957, and the aspect ratio
\[AR = \frac{b^{2}}{S} = \frac{6.40^{2}}{17.74} = 2.31 \tag{52}\]A wing of aspect ratio 2.31 is a poor lifting device and a good structural one, and on an aircraft that spends its critical moments not using the wing at all, that is the correct trade.
Installing a jet engine in an aircraft that must hover creates aerodynamic problems the engine does not have on a test stand, and Kuhn and McKinney 1965 gives NASA’s account of its research on them. The inlet is the acute case, since in the transition it is asked to swallow air arriving from every direction in turn, as Grahame 1968 and Grahame 1969 examine. Evans et al. 1974 traces what that does to the compressor, with the distortion statistics in Jacocks and Kneile 1975 and the full-scale testing technique in Palko 1973. The powerplant experience the period accumulated on a jet vertical take-off aircraft was written up for the next aircraft in this series, in Rolls 1965a.
The Nozzle
Pitch and yaw came from deflecting the exhaust, in a compilation’s description of the hover controls. The relation derived above puts the required deflection in context, since a ten degree deflection delivers nearly ten times the pitching moment the criterion asks for, so the nozzle need not be large-angle and the deflection can be modest. The penalty is a loss of axial thrust,
\[\frac{T_{\text{axial}}}{T} = \cos \theta = \cos 10^{\circ} = 0.985 \tag{53}\]so a ten degree deflection costs 1.5 percent of the thrust, which against a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.486 is affordable. At thirty degrees it would cost 13.4 percent, which is not, and this is the quantitative reason a vectoring system for attitude control is a small-angle device while one for propulsion is not.
| Deflection | Axial thrust retained | Moment produced | Angular acceleration |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 degrees | 99.6 percent | 13,569 N m | 2.48 rad/s² |
| 10 degrees | 98.5 percent | 27,035 N m | 4.93 rad/s² |
| 15 degrees | 96.6 percent | 40,295 N m | 7.35 rad/s² |
The two quantities move in opposite directions with deflection, since
\[M(\theta) = T \ell \sin \theta, \qquad \frac{T_{\text{axial}}}{T} = \cos \theta \tag{54}\]so the moment grows almost linearly at small angles while the thrust loss grows quadratically,
\[1 - \cos \theta \approx \frac{\theta^{2}}{2} \tag{55}\]which is why small-angle vectoring is nearly free and large-angle vectoring is not.
The mechanisms available for turning a jet were an active subject and remained one, in Erwin et al. 1964 on tandem cascade vectoring, Eatough 1971 on jet tabs, and Shandor and Walker 1962 on fluid injection, with the measurement problem of establishing where a nozzle’s thrust vector actually points in Davis and Spicer 1965 and Holdhusen and Perusse 1965.
The Puffer Jets
The wingtip jets sized above are the aircraft’s only roll control below 25 metres per second. Their placement outboard of the wingtip endplates is a moment-arm decision and the arithmetic is direct, since the required force varies inversely with the arm,
\[F = \frac{I_{xx} \dot{p}}{d} \tag{56}\]so halving the arm would double the force and therefore double the bleed. A tail-sitting jet wants a wide span for roll control and a small span for everything else, and that tension is visible in the aircraft’s proportions.
The Wing
A wing of aspect ratio 2.31 with a sharp leading edge is a poor subsonic lifting surface and its low-speed behaviour is dominated by leading-edge vortices rather than by attached flow. The adopted maximum lift coefficient of 1.0 reflects that, and the sensitivity matters because the article’s central ratio depends on it.
| Maximum lift coefficient | Stall speed | Ratio of crossover to stall |
|---|---|---|
| 0.8 | 58.7 m/s | 0.514 |
| 1.0 | 52.5 m/s | 0.575 |
| 1.2 | 47.9 m/s | 0.629 |
The relation behind the table is the ratio derived earlier,
\[\frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} = \sqrt{\frac{I_{yy} \dot{q}_{\text{req}} \, C_{L\max}}{W \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}} \tag{57}\]which grows as the square root of the maximum lift coefficient, because a wing that stalls later gives the elevons less time to catch up.
Even at a lift coefficient of 1.2 the crossover stays well below the stall speed, at 0.63 of it, so the reading that the controls come alive before the wing does survives a large error in a coefficient that has been assumed rather than measured. The ratio reaches one only when the maximum lift coefficient exceeds $1.0 / 0.575^{2} = 3.0$, far beyond any figure considered here. The low-speed aerodynamics of slender deltas at high incidence are Spencer 1962 and Wentz 1972, with the same high incidences at Mach numbers from 2 to 8 in Clark and Spurlin 1962, and White and Innis 1959 and Huff 1949 report what a tailless delta fighter is like to fly slowly.
The reason such a wing does not behave like a conventional one was explained only after the X-13 flew. The lift of a sharp-edged delta at incidence comes largely from the vortex that forms along the leading edge rather than from attached flow, and Polhamus 1966 supplied the analogy that made it calculable, extended in Polhamus 1968 and Polhamus 1969. Roy 1966 and Li and Polak 1966 describe the structure of the vortex, and the practical consequence, that a rounded planform behaves better at low speed, appears in Rolls 1965b and Drinkwater and Rolls 1965. A maximum lift coefficient of 1.0 assumed for this wing is therefore a vortex-lift number and not an attached-flow one, and much of the article rests on it.
Hovering Is a Position Loop With Nothing Holding It Still
The article has treated hovering as a control-power problem, which it is, and that understates it. A hovering airframe has no aerodynamic restoring moment in any axis, so an attitude disturbance does not decay, and attitude is what produces horizontal acceleration,
\[\ddot{x} = g \sin \theta \tag{58}\]Position is therefore the double integral of attitude, and attitude is the integral of whatever the control does, so the pilot is closing a third-order loop by eye with no natural damping anywhere in it. Evaluating the first integral makes the tolerance visible.
| Tilt held | Horizontal acceleration | Drift in five seconds |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 degrees | 0.086 m/s² | 1.07 m |
| 1.0 degrees | 0.171 m/s² | 2.14 m |
| 2.0 degrees | 0.342 m/s² | 4.28 m |
| 5.0 degrees | 0.855 m/s² | 10.68 m |
Holding position to within a metre over five seconds requires holding the mean tilt below half a degree. Holding that tilt is the real task, and it makes hovering difficult in a way that the control-power criteria do not capture. Harper and Sardanowsky 1969 set out to measure task performance rather than control power, with the visual side in Garren et al. 1965 and the loop closure itself observed in Lollar and Matous 1963. The instability is not a defect of the aircraft but of the flight condition, and the same difficulty appears in every hovering machine, including the helicopter work of McCaskill 1953 and Warsett 1953 and, much later, the near-hover control of a helicopter carrying a swinging load in Gupta and Bryson 1976. The criteria say the pilot can command an angular acceleration. They do not say he can hold an attitude to half a degree while looking sideways.
The Wind Is a Position Problem, Not an Attitude Problem
Standing vertically, the airframe presents its whole length to a crosswind. Taking a side area of ten square metres and a drag coefficient of 0.8, both estimates,
\[F = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} A C_{d} \tag{59}\]| Crosswind | Side force | Acceleration | Uncorrected drift in 30 s |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5 m/s | 122 N | 0.040 m/s² | 18 m |
| 10 m/s | 490 N | 0.160 m/s² | 72 m |
| 15 m/s | 1102 N | 0.361 m/s² | 163 m |
The moment such a wind produces is small, at 17.9 percent of the pitch requirement in a ten metre per second wind with the side-area centroid a metre from the centre of mass. So the wind does not threaten control and it does threaten station-keeping.
The conflict can be made exact. To hold station the aircraft must tilt into the wind until the horizontal component of thrust balances the side force,
\[g \sin \theta_{w} = \frac{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} A C_{d}}{m} \tag{60}\]| Crosswind | Steady tilt needed to hold station | As a multiple of the drift budget |
|---|---|---|
| 5 m/s | 0.23 degrees | 0.50 |
| 10 m/s | 0.94 degrees | 2.00 |
| 15 m/s | 2.11 degrees | 4.49 |
The drift budget derived above was a mean tilt below 0.47 degrees. In a ten metre per second wind the tilt required merely to stay still is twice that budget, so the pilot is holding a steady attitude error of about a degree while trying to keep the fluctuating part below half of one. The two tasks use the same actuator and they conflict, which is the coupling Tapscott 1960b and Anderson 1960a were trying to write criteria around. The conflict was eventually measured rather than argued, in Whitaker et al. 1977 on how hover stability affects the hover control task, and the loop the pilot is closing was characterised as early as Lollar and Matous 1963, which observes the pilot-vehicle loop closure for hovering aircraft directly. No paper in the literature comes closer to the analysis this article has just performed, and it postdates the X-13’s last flight by six years.
The Asymmetry of Height Control
Vertical control is a throttle problem and it is asymmetric. A vertical acceleration $a$ requires a thrust change of $m a$, so
| Vertical acceleration | Thrust change | As a fraction of thrust |
|---|---|---|
| 0.5 m/s² | 1,526 N | 3.4 percent |
| 1.0 m/s² | 3,053 N | 6.9 percent |
| 2.0 m/s² | 6,106 N | 13.7 percent |
The relation is simply Newton’s second law applied to the vertical axis,
\[\Delta T = m a \tag{61}\]and the bounds are asymmetric. Upward,
\[a_{\max} = \frac{T - W}{m} = 4.76 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{62}\]and downward there is no bound at all, because the pilot can always close the throttle and let the aircraft fall. A descent is easier to start than to stop.
Stopping one costs engine response time and then stopping distance, so the height lost recovering from a sink rate $v$ with an engine lag $\tau$ is roughly
\[\Delta h \approx v \tau + \frac{v^{2}}{2 a_{\max}} \tag{63}\]| Sink rate | Height lost at a one second lag |
|---|---|
| 0.5 m/s | 0.53 m |
| 1.0 m/s | 1.11 m |
| 2.0 m/s | 2.42 m |
A one metre per second sink costs a metre before the aircraft is going up again, and against a hook tolerance of a third of a metre that is the whole budget spent on a sink rate a pilot would barely notice.
The vertical axis turns out to be a distinct control problem with its own requirements rather than a trivial one, and the field later said so, in Gerdes 1964 on a piloted simulator investigation of height-control requirements and, two decades later, Stevens and Roskam 1985 on the vertical axis control power a landing vertical take-off aircraft needs. Ostheimer and Giguere 1963 treats flight path control as a system problem. The engine is the actuator, so the problem is a propulsion problem as much as a flight control one, and Sellers and Szuch 1973 concerns the control of lift engines for this purpose. A vertical velocity command system, which removes the pilot from the throttle loop altogether, is the obvious answer.
Making the engine respond faster is the other half of the answer and it is a control problem in its own right. Turbine engine control synthesis is Ryan et al. 1975, Stone et al. 1975, and Beale and Miller 1975, Swick and Skarvan 1967 addresses coordination when a hovering aircraft has more than one engine, and the reliability of the fuel control that all of it depends on is Burnell et al. 1973 and Zagranski et al. 1974. Douglass 1963 and Harris 1969 address engine diagnosis. A 1957 hydromechanical fuel control was not a fast actuator, and every one of those documents is part of the reason it later became one.
The Ground Observer Was Part of the Control Loop
The arrangement the Smithsonian record describes, constant radio communication with a ground observer who talked the pilot into position because the pilot could not see the trailer, is usually recorded as an operational inconvenience. It is better understood as a sensor with a transport delay inserted into a third-order loop that has no damping.
The hook tolerance is taken here to be of order a third of a metre. At a closure rate of one metre per second, a loop delay $\tau$ introduces a position uncertainty of
\[\delta x = V \tau \tag{64}\]so a delay of 0.3 seconds consumes the entire tolerance, and 0.3 seconds is optimistic for a human observer speaking over a radio to a pilot who must then move a control. The X-13 hooked on repeatedly, so the loop clearly closed, in practice on a rope between two towers and then on the trailer, both in the Smithsonian record, and the arithmetic says it closed with very little margin and only because the closure rate was kept low. What a pilot can and cannot do with a delayed and partial view of a landing point is Behan and Siciliani 1965, Behan and Siciliani 1967, and Rhoads 1967. Keeping the closure rate low costs hover time, and hover time is the fuel.
The Trailer, the Wire, and the Hook
In its vertical configuration the X-13 had no undercarriage in the ordinary sense, and flat bumpers replaced the main wheels of its fixed gear to protect the fuselage if it swung against the trailer bed. It hung from a cable suspended between two arms at the top of a trailer bed, which raised to the vertical for launch and recovery and lowered to the horizontal to move the aircraft. A partially retractable hook on the nose engaged the cable, and a folding pole about twenty feet long with marked gradations, attached to the top of the trailer, gave the pilot a distance reference. All of this is from the Smithsonian record.
The arrangement removes weight from the aircraft and puts it on the ground. Written as a bookkeeping identity, the launch system’s mass is simply moved out of the term that has to be lifted,
\[m_{\text{lifted}} = m_{\text{empty}} + m_{\text{fuel}} + m_{\text{payload}}, \qquad m_{\text{trailer}} \notin m_{\text{lifted}} \tag{65}\]Moving mass out of the lifted term is the oldest trick in vertical take-off design and it recurs in every generation, from the flying platform of Sissingh 1956 through the ground-effect machines of Walker et al. 1965 and Davidson et al. 1972 to the air cushion landing systems of Leland and Thompson 1975. What distinguishes the X-13 is that the mass was moved onto a vehicle which then had to be present at the landing point.
Deleting the wheels is the correct decision for an aircraft whose thrust margin is 3,270 pounds and whose wheels cost a few hundred. It also makes the aircraft dependent on a specific piece of ground equipment for every landing, which is the opposite of the operational freedom the vertical take-off concept was supposed to buy, and the tension between those two facts is the deepest problem in the programme. The same tension appears from the other direction in Butler and Thomas 1964, which is about preparing sites rather than about not needing them.
The Undercarriage That Was Not Carried
The trailer looks like an eccentricity and it is a weight decision. A retractable undercarriage for a machine of this class is taken here to cost something in the region of three to five percent of gross weight, so
| Gear weight as a fraction of gross | Weight | As a fraction of the fuel load |
|---|---|---|
| 3 percent | 202 lb | 14.4 percent |
| 4 percent | 269 lb | 19.2 percent |
| 5 percent | 336 lb | 24.0 percent |
Converting the saving into the currency the aircraft lacks gives
\[\Delta t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{w_{g}}{c \, W} \tag{66}\]| Gear weight | Extra hover time | Endurance gained |
|---|---|---|
| 202 lb | 1.94 min | 14.4 percent |
| 269 lb | 2.58 min | 19.2 percent |
| 336 lb | 3.22 min | 24.0 percent |
The spin-tunnel table measures the saving directly. Its full-fuel loading is 6,958 pounds with wheels and 6,696 pounds with the hook in Bowman 1957, so the wheels cost
\[6958 - 6696 = 262 \, \text{lb} \tag{67}\]net of the hook, which is 3.8 percent of the wheeled weight, inside the range assumed above, and worth $262 / 104.3 = 2.51$ minutes of hovering. Deleting the undercarriage bought about two and a half minutes of hovering, which against a thirteen and a half minute endurance is about a fifth more, and by the radius table above some tens of kilometres. Irvin and Swan 1956 keeps weight accounts of this kind across the configuration options. On an aircraft this tightly bounded that is not a small saving, and it explains why a design that looks like a stunt is the obvious answer once the fuel arithmetic is admitted.
The structural side reinforces it. Hanging from a hook at the nose puts the entire weight into the airframe as a tension, while standing on a tail puts the same load in as a compression on a slender body. A tension member is lighter than a column of equal strength, so the hook arrangement is structurally as well as operationally cheaper than legs would have been. Chaloff et al. 1974 and Marchinski 1974 estimate what airframe structure weighs, which is how such a trade is settled in practice, and Yang 1970 examines the control problems of a conventional gear.
The arrival itself is gentle. At a closure rate $v$ arrested over a stroke $d$ the mean deceleration is
\[a = \frac{v^{2}}{2d} \tag{68}\]so a one metre per second arrival stopped in 0.3 metres is
\[a = \frac{1.0}{0.6} = 1.67 \, \text{m/s}^{2} = 0.17 g \tag{69}\]A vertical landing on a wire is a very soft landing, softer than a conventional arrival on a runway, however violent the arrangement looks. Leland and Thompson 1975 treats landing impact as a designed problem in the form it takes when the undercarriage is unconventional. The difficulty of the landing was never the impact. It was arriving at the right place with the right speed while unable to see.
The Cockpit and the Pilot’s View
The pilot’s seat pivoted forty-five degrees toward the vertical for the landing, so that he was not lying flat on his back during vertical flight [Smithsonian record]. Forty-five degrees is a compromise and it leaves the problem half-solved, because his line of sight remains
\[90^{\circ} - 45^{\circ} = 45^{\circ} \tag{70}\]away from the direction the aircraft is travelling during a vertical descent. Writing the geometry down shows why the compromise cannot be improved. Let $\beta$ be the angle between the pilot’s line of sight and the direction the aircraft is travelling during the descent. For a seat pivoted by $\sigma$ from the body axis,
\[\beta = 90^{\circ} - \sigma \tag{71}\]| Seat pivot | Angle between sight line and direction of travel |
|---|---|
| 0 degrees | 90 degrees |
| 45 degrees | 45 degrees |
| 90 degrees | 0 degrees |
Driving $\beta$ to zero means laying the pilot flat on his back facing the tail, which is not a position from which to fly an aeroplane that is about to become horizontal. Forty-five degrees is the compromise, and it leaves the fuselage between the pilot and the target.
The reported and decisive difficulty is that the underside of the fuselage sits between the pilot and the trailer he is trying to land on. The Smithsonian record calls the obscured view the concept’s greatest flaw. He approached the recovery point without being able to see it and depended on a ground observer to talk him down.
That is not a detail. The vertical landing is a closed-loop position-control task with an assumed tolerance of about a third of a metre on a hook, executed by a pilot who cannot see the target, in an aircraft with thirteen minutes of fuel, in ground effect. The visual requirements for this class of task were being measured at the time in Garren et al. 1965 and Behan and Siciliani 1965, and Behan and Siciliani 1967 and Rhoads 1967 take up the general problem of a pilot’s acceptance of a landing display.
A pilot’s performance without visual cues later became a measured quantity, in Howard 1976, with the related question of how much an imperfect instrument substitute costs in Howard 1975. The answers the field arrived at were all forms of giving the information back rather than improving the view. Vallerie 1967 describes peripheral vision displays, a head-up display for a tilt-wing vertical take-off aircraft is Gold and Walchli 1974, and the mature control and display combinations for instrument approach and shipboard landing are Merrick 1981, Merrick 1984, and Farris et al. 1983. Every one of those is a way of telling the pilot what he cannot see, and the X-13 had none of them, its only aid besides the ground observer being the graduated pole on its trailer. Grether 1973 adds windshield optics as a contributor to the same problem.
Spin and Tumble
A tail-sitter with a low aspect ratio and a large fuselage volume is a candidate for departure modes that a conventional aeroplane does not have, and the X-13 was tested for them in the Langley spin tunnel before it flew. No other part of the programme has a complete surviving primary record, in Bowman 1955b on free-spinning and recovery, Bowman 1955a on the parachute needed for emergency recovery during demonstration spins, which it sets at a stable parachute 12.73 feet in diameter, and Bowman 1957 as the concluding report covering spinning, tumbling, and recovery together. The equivalent studies for the propeller tail-sitters are Lee 1952 and Lee 1953, with the spin tunnel applied to conventional fighters for comparison in Lee and Libbey 1961 and the deep-stall descent, which is the nearest conventional analogue to a tumble, in Blanchard 1981. Bennett 1947 and Healy 1958 report earlier free-spinning investigations in the same facility, and Bihrle and Bowman 1980 supplied the rotational-flow aerodynamics that later explained what the tunnel had been measuring.
Tumbling was the mode the Air Force asked about, because an aircraft pointed vertically with no forward speed has no aerodynamic restoring moment in pitch. The model did not tumble. Bowman 1957 reports that the airplane will not tumble end over end but may instead enter a wild gyrating motion, a roll with simultaneous yaw and pitch from which recovery is doubtful, and it attributes the motion primarily to the gyroscopic moment of a large engine in a small airframe.
Arresting a pitch rotation with the engine running is an angular momentum problem. A rotation at rate $\omega$ carries
\[H = I_{yy} \omega \tag{72}\]and the nozzle removes it at a rate equal to the moment it produces, so the time to stop is
\[t = \frac{I_{yy} \omega}{T \ell \sin \theta} \tag{73}\]| Pitch rate | Angular momentum | Time to stop | Arc swept |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.5 rad/s | 2,740 kg m²/s | 0.10 s | 1.5 degrees |
| 1.0 rad/s | 5,480 kg m²/s | 0.20 s | 5.8 degrees |
| 2.0 rad/s | 10,960 kg m²/s | 0.41 s | 23.2 degrees |
With the engine running a pitch rotation is stopped in under half a second. The engine that makes this possible is also the source of the trouble, because its rotor carries angular momentum of its own. Smith 1958b represented it on the one-fifth model with a flywheel of 39,500 pound square inches per second, which it describes as approximately the correctly scaled value. Under Froude scaling angular momentum grows as the four and a half power of length, so the full-scale engine carries about
\[H_{e} = 39{,}500 \times 5^{4.5} \, \text{lb in}^{2}/\text{s} = 1.62 \times 10^{4} \, \text{kg m}^{2}/\text{s} \tag{74}\]which is about three times the airframe’s own angular momentum at one radian per second in pitch. Any pitch rate $\Omega$ then produces a yawing moment
\[M_{g} = H_{e} \, \Omega \tag{75}\]and a pitch rate of only 0.1 radians per second produces 1,615 newton metres, which is 82 percent of the yaw criterion computed above. This is why the model could not be hovered without dampers. Smith reports that with the engine’s gyroscopic effect represented the pilots found the model completely uncontrollable in the hover, that pitch and yaw dampers made it easy to fly, and that every transition was flown with them. The full-scale aircraft carried dampers too. The Smithsonian record states that dampers were installed after the conventional flights revealed oscillation problems and that a stability augmentation system blended the conventional and hovering controls.
With the engine out there is no nozzle and no reaction control, because both are powered by it. Bowman simulated a power failure in the hover by dropping the model from rest in a nose-up attitude. It fell tail first, nosed over at up to 130 degrees per second, and was yawed by the engine’s gyroscopic moment into what appeared to be a right spin, from which the report expects recovery with rudder and aileron once the engine has run down. It puts the minimum altitude for a belly landing after a power failure in the hover at
\[h_{\min} = 900 + 800 + 2500 = 4200 \, \text{ft} \tag{76}\]the sum of the fall before the spin, the spin recovery, and a pull-out distance assumed from a similar configuration. The report describes the first term as a free fall over the time to spin entry and gives that time as about 6.5 seconds, which in free fall is
\[h = \tfrac{1}{2} g t^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2} \times 32.17 \times 6.5^{2} = 680 \, \text{ft} \tag{77}\]so its two figures are not mutually consistent, and 900 feet corresponds to about 7.5 seconds. Either way every vertical take-off and landing was necessarily flown far below the height from which a flame-out could be survived, and the parachute of Bowman 1955a was sized for demonstration spins at altitude rather than for that case. It is the sharpest illustration in the article of what it means to control an aircraft with its propulsion.
Ground Effect and the Pad
The exhaust the aircraft sits on is a small, fast, hot jet. Taking an engine mass flow of 70 kilogrammes per second, the exit velocity implied by the thrust is
\[v_{e} = \frac{T}{\dot{m}} = \frac{44{,}482}{70} = 635 \, \text{m/s} \tag{78}\]and at an assumed exhaust density of 0.35 kilogrammes per cubic metre the dynamic pressure in the jet is
\[q_{e} = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho_{e} v_{e}^{2} = 70.7 \, \text{kPa} = 10.2 \, \text{psi} \tag{79}\]The implied nozzle area is 0.315 square metres, so the disc loading is
\[\frac{T}{A} = 141 \, \text{kPa} \tag{80}\]against what a rotor of the same 6.40 metre span would need,
\[\frac{T}{A_{\text{rotor}}} = \frac{44{,}482}{\pi (3.20)^{2}} = 1382 \, \text{Pa} \tag{81}\]a ratio of
\[\frac{141{,}000}{1382} = 102 \tag{82}\]A hovering jet loads the ground about a hundred times more heavily than a helicopter of the same span. The ratio explains why a tail-sitting jet needs a prepared surface and a helicopter does not, and it gives a second reason why the operational freedom the concept promised was not available. George et al. 1964 sets out the impingement problem and its design criteria, with the dust-ingestion consequence in Hafer and Skinner 1960 and the analogous problem on another surface entirely in Roberts 1964a.
The downwash impingement problem generated its own multi-year study programme, in White et al. 1960, Morse and Newhouse 1960, and Morse and Newhouse 1961a, with erosion specifically for jet-lift aircraft in Dent 1966 and the spray a vertical take-off aircraft throws in Kuhn 1979. The fluid mechanics underneath is Strand 1967 on the impingement of a jet on a plane, Donaldson et al. 1966 and Donaldson et al. 1971 on the turbulent structure of a free jet meeting a surface, and Binion 1970b on the recirculation region such a flow creates.
The aerodynamic penalty is separate from the erosion and is called suckdown, since the entrained flow between the jet and the ground reduces the aircraft’s lift. Gentry and Margason 1966 treats it, with the later modelling in Kotansky and Bower 1977b and Kotansky 1982 and a large-scale investigation in Christiansen 1984.
The comparison the article makes between a jet and a rotor was made directly and by measurement, in Michaelsen 1971, which compares the outflows from a helicopter, a tilt-wing aircraft, and a jet-lift aircraft. That paper supplies the empirical form of the hundred-to-one disc loading ratio computed above. The operational answer was to prepare the ground, and the fact that somebody wrote a document called rapid site preparation for turbojet vertical take-off aircraft, in Butler and Thomas 1964, is the clearest possible statement that the runway had not been eliminated but relocated and renamed. Hay 1970 concerns surface bearing capacity under aircraft loads, and the jet in ground effect as an aerodynamic problem is Lissaman 1967, Foltz 1962, and Carmichael and McNay 1961.
The Flight Test Record
Two aircraft were built, serial numbers 54-1619 and 54-1620, under the Ryan company designation Model 69 that a compilation gives. Both survived the programme, as NASA’s inventory of X-vehicles records, which for a first-of-type vertical take-off aircraft is a notable result on its own.
| Date | Event | Aircraft |
|---|---|---|
| 1955-12-10 | First conventional flight, temporary tricycle landing gear | 54-1619 |
| 1956-05-28 | First vertical take-off and landing, on a temporary tail rig, and first flight of the second aircraft | both |
| 1956-11-28 | First transition from horizontal to vertical flight and back | not stated |
| 1957-04-11 | First complete cycle, from the trailer to the trailer | 54-1620 |
| 1957-07-30 | Demonstration at the Pentagon | 54-1620 |
| 1957-09-30 | Last flight | not stated |
The dates are those of the Smithsonian record. The Air Force museum confirms the conventional first flight in December 1955, the first hovering in May 1956, and the full cycle by the second X-13, the aircraft it now displays, at Edwards Air Force Base in April 1957. The sources disagree about the end. NASA’s inventory gives the last flight as 30 July 1957 and the number of flights as unknown, and a compilation dates the Washington demonstration 28 and 29 July.
The sequence reads as a decomposition. The programme separated the problem into the two halves that could be tested independently and only then joined them. The value of doing so is that a joint first attempt confounds the failures. If the wing, the hover, and the join each work with probability $p$, a single all-up attempt returns an unambiguous result only with probability
\[p^{3} \tag{83}\]which for $p = 0.8$ is 0.51, while testing in sequence identifies which of the three failed with certainty. The first aircraft flew conventionally on temporary undercarriage to establish that it was an aeroplane, then took off and landed vertically on a temporary steel-tube tail rig with castering wheels to establish that it was a hovering machine, while its pilots practised hooking onto a rope strung between two towers with a replaceable wooden nose fitted [Smithsonian record]. The two halves were joined in the air six months after the first hover, and brought down to the trailer four and a half months after that. The X-5 used the same ordering for variable sweep, and the X-13’s predecessors used it for the propeller case. A research aircraft programme run carefully looks like this.
The intervals are 170 days from first flight to first hover, 184 days from first hover to first transition, and 134 days from there to the full cycle,
\[170 + 184 + 134 = 488 \, \text{days} \tag{84}\]or 1.34 years from first flight to full cycle. The pilots were Ryan’s chief test pilot Peter Girard and Ryan test pilot Lou Everett, whom the Smithsonian record names as the two who practised the hook-on technique and spells Everrett.
A programme of two aircraft and a handful of flights cannot support a statistical statement and should not be asked to. What it can support is a statement about sequence, and the sequence is the finding.
Each phase settled a different one of the article’s relations. The conventional flight on temporary undercarriage settled the wing, which is to say it demonstrated the stall speed and the low-speed handling that the crossover ratio is measured against. The hovering flights settled the reaction and vectoring authority, which the relations above put at 9.87 times the criterion in pitch, and they also settled the position-loop problem well enough for the pilot to hold station. The full cycle settled only the joining of the two, the shortest of the three questions because the transition itself lasts about five seconds.
That ordering also explains the sixteen month interval. The transition was first flown 184 days after the first hover, at altitude in a compilation’s account, and only 134 days later from the trailer, so the only untested thing on the day of the full cycle was flying the whole sequence near the ground. Harper and Robert P. 1955 sets out the variable-stability technique that would later let one aircraft stand in for many, and Drinkwater and Rolls 1962 applies it to this problem. Simulation as the alternative to flying every case arrives with McIntyre 1963 and McCormick 1969.
What the Full Cycle Demonstrated
It demonstrated the crossover. Everything in the article’s first section is a prediction that the two control systems hand over cleanly, and the transitions flown from 28 November 1956, completed from trailer to trailer on 11 April 1957, are the measurement. The aircraft went from a state in which its wing did nothing and its nozzle did everything to the reverse, and back, without an uncontrollable band in between.
It did not demonstrate anything about the mission, because there was no mission. No record consulted describes armament or radar on the aircraft, and in its vertical configuration it could land only on its own trailer.
The Pentagon Flight
On 30 July 1957 the second X-13 was demonstrated at the Pentagon before more than 3,000 military officers and journalists, according to the Smithsonian record, which presents it as an illustration of the dispersed operating site concept. A compilation dates the Washington flights 28 and 29 July and describes a crossing of the Potomac. It is the least technical event of the programme. A demonstration flown for an audience of officials is a statement that the technical question has been answered and the remaining question is whether anyone wants the answer. The answer turned out to be no, and the primary accounts give money and size rather than doctrine as the reason. The Smithsonian record reports that competing programmes reduced the funds available, the Air Force museum cites the design’s limited operational potential and a lack of funding that shut the programme down in 1958, and NASA’s inventory attributes the absence of a production follow-on mainly to the aircraft’s small size and limited payload and to the inability of existing turbojets to power a larger version. The statement that the Air Force found no operational requirement is a compilation’s.
Comparison With Ground Prediction
What the Models Got Right
The X-13 was preceded by an unusually complete model programme, and the single most directly relevant document is Smith 1958b on hovering and transition flight tests of a one-fifth-scale model of the aircraft. A free-flight model at one-fifth scale can perform the entire manoeuvre the full-scale aircraft exists to perform, which is unusual, and it works because gravity rather than viscosity dominates the problem.
The model confirmed the handover and exposed a lateral weakness. Smith flew slow constant-altitude transitions in the Langley full-scale tunnel over full-scale speeds of 0 to 110 knots and angles of attack from about 20 to 90 degrees, and found the transition very easy, with the swivelling nozzle giving adequate pitch control throughout, so that the elevons were trimmed and not used. The relations above predict as much, since the nozzle supplies nearly ten times the pitch criterion. Between about 25 and 45 degrees angle of attack, however, the model was directionally unstable and settled into a rolled and sideslipped attitude, and restoring zero bank took approximately the maximum roll control available on the airplane. The authority arithmetic anticipates every finding of the model programme except this one, because it is a stability problem rather than a control-power one.
Dynamic similarity in a gravity-dominated problem requires the Froude number to match,
\[\frac{V^{2}}{gL} = \text{constant} \tag{85}\]so at a length scale $\kappa$ the speeds and times scale as its square root and the angular rates as its inverse square root,
\[\frac{V_{m}}{V_{f}} = \sqrt{\kappa}, \qquad \frac{t_{m}}{t_{f}} = \sqrt{\kappa}, \qquad \frac{\omega_{m}}{\omega_{f}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\kappa}}, \qquad \frac{m_{m}}{m_{f}} = \kappa^{3} \tag{86}\]For the one-fifth model that gives
| Quantity | Full scale | One-fifth model |
|---|---|---|
| Stall speed | 52.5 m/s | 23.5 m/s |
| Crossover speed | 30.2 m/s | 13.5 m/s |
| Transition time | 4.9 s | 2.19 s |
| Transition distance | 128 m | 25.6 m |
| Mass | 3053 kg | 24.4 kg |
A twenty-four kilogramme model flying at twenty-three metres per second reproduces the manoeuvre, and does it twice as fast. That last point is the practical difficulty, since everything the observer has to watch happens at 2.24 times the rate. The model actually flown was lighter than the scaled mass, at 39.3 pounds in its rocket-powered tests in Smith’s table of mass characteristics, against
\[\frac{39.3}{6730 / 125} = \frac{39.3}{53.8} = 0.73 \tag{87}\]of the Froude-scaled weight.
The technique was a Langley speciality and it has a literature of its own. Williams and Butler 1964 describes its development for low-speed and vertical take-off configurations, Paulson and Shanks 1961 applies it to a free-flying model of a vertical take-off configuration, and Burk and Wilson 1975 reports the radio-controlled variant used for departure work. Hewes and Hassell 1960, on a one-seventh model of a North American design, is an earlier example of the same method applied to another aircraft in this series. The wind-tunnel free-flight technique in its general form is Platou 1968, with the powered-model balance problem in Dougherty 1966 and the oscillatory derivative measurement that supports it in Owen and Cox 1966 and Barzda 1966.
What does not scale is the Reynolds number, which goes as speed times length,
\[\frac{Re_{m}}{Re_{f}} = \kappa^{3/2} = 0.089 \tag{88}\]eleven times lower, so the model’s boundary layer is not the aircraft’s. For a manoeuvre governed by inertia and thrust that is tolerable, and for the stall it is not, which marks the division between what the models settled and what they did not.
The spin tunnel work in Bowman 1955b and Bowman 1957 covered the departure modes, and the whole XFY-1 and XFV-1 literature covered the configuration class, in Lovell et al. 1953, Queijo et al. 1953c, Kirby 1956b, and Lovell and Parlett 1957a, the last of which is a jet-powered vertically rising model and so the nearest aerodynamic relative of the X-13 in the model record.
What the Models Could Not Show
A free-flight model has no pilot in it. The decisive difficulty of the X-13, that the man flying it cannot see where he is going during the landing, is invisible at model scale because the model is flown by someone standing outside it with an unobstructed view. The programme’s ground testing was excellent and it tested the wrong difficulty, not through carelessness but because the difficulty was not aerodynamic.
A model does not burn fuel in proportion. The endurance relation
\[t = \frac{\zeta}{c} \tag{89}\]contains no length at all, so it neither improves nor worsens with scale, and a tethered or externally powered model carries no fuel fraction whatever. The constraint is not merely mis-scaled in a model. It is absent from it, and a model that hovers for as long as its tether is connected gives no warning that the full-scale aircraft has thirteen minutes.
A model does not load the ground. For geometric scaling at a fixed thrust-to-weight ratio the thrust goes as the cube of length and the nozzle area as the square, so the disc loading goes as the first power,
\[\frac{T}{A} \propto L \tag{90}\]and a one-fifth-scale model imposes one fifth of the pressure, not one twenty-fifth. Even so the model imposes 28 kilopascals, enough to notice and not enough to reproduce the erosion, and the linear rather than quadratic scaling explains why ground-effect results from small models transfer poorly.
And a model is flown to a different standard. A free-flight model is judged by whether it completes the manoeuvre, and a real aeroplane is judged by whether a pilot can complete it repeatably while doing other things. The gap between those two standards is what handling qualities research exists to measure, and the techniques for measuring it were being invented alongside these aircraft, in Anderson 1960a, Clark 1964, Nettleton 1965, McGregor and Smith 1965, Ashkenas 1965b, and Harper and Sardanowsky 1969, with pilot-model analysis in Adams 1972.
What the Data Changed
Into the Control Power Criteria
The most durable result is the least visible. The question of how much attitude control power a hovering aircraft needs was open when the X-13 flew and was closed shortly afterwards by systematic experiment, in Drinkwater and Rolls 1962 using the X-14A as a variable-stability testbed and Garren et al. 1965 in visual flight. The X-13 is one of the data points that made the question worth asking, and the criteria that emerged are those used above to size its controls, a pleasing circularity and a real one.
Into Nothing Operational
No tail-sitting jet fighter went into production, and crewed tail-sitter work was largely abandoned once thrust vectoring offered a more practical route, in the history of the configuration. The reasons this article can demonstrate are the fuel arithmetic, the pilot’s inability to see the landing point, and the ground loading, and they are all present in the numbers rather than in hindsight.
Into the Configuration That Worked
The vertical take-off jet did enter service, and not in this form. The Hawker P.1127 kept the aircraft horizontal and turned the thrust instead of turning the aeroplane, which leaves the pilot facing forward, leaves the undercarriage useful, and removes the landing visibility problem entirely. Smith 1961a reports its model testing, flown at Langley in the same facility and by the same group that flew the X-13 model.
The comparison is the fairest verdict on the X-13 available. Both configurations solve the control-authority problem, and the vectored-thrust layout solves it while also solving the two problems the X-13 could not, namely where the pilot looks and what the aircraft rests on.
The first of those is geometric and can be stated in one number. Measure the bearing of the landing point from the pilot’s line of sight during the descent. On a tail-sitter the target lies along the negative body axis, at the tail, so with the seat pivoted forty-five degrees the bearing is
\[135^{\circ} \tag{91}\]On a horizontal aircraft hovering on deflected thrust the target lies directly below while the pilot looks forward and down, giving a bearing of order
\[45^{\circ} \tag{92}\]The same task is a hundred and thirty-five degrees behind one pilot and forty-five degrees below the other, and no amount of seat pivoting closes that gap, because the difference is which end of the aeroplane is pointed at the ground.
The vectored-thrust line also inherited a research literature the tail-sitter did not. Krenkel and Salzman 1968 computes take-off performance for vectored-thrust aircraft, and the flight control technology that made them practical appears in Crandall et al. 1973 and, later, Hartmann et al. 1979a on digital adaptive control. The competing answers of the same period all kept the pilot upright, whether by tilting the wing, in McCormick and Mallen 1956, McCormick and Mallen 1957, Mazzitelli 1957, Hargraves 1961, Putman 1961, Clark et al. 1963, Longhurst 1966, and Magee and Taylor 1971, or by ducting the lift, in Parlett 1961a and Marchese 1963. The X-13 is the only one of them that tilted the pilot back toward lying on his back for the landing. The tri-service programme that carried the ducted-fan answer forward is Marchese 1963, and Cook 1964 characterises the carrier air wake a shipboard version would have had to land into. The X-13 demonstrated that the tail-sitting answer works and thereby helped establish that it was not the answer to take, which is a real contribution and not the one the programme set out to make. A flight evaluation of a jet vertical take-off transport under visual and instrument conditions, the mature form of the same question, is Holzhauser et al. 1972.
The Vertical Attitude Idea Returns Twice
It came back in the 1970s as a proposal for carrier-based fighters, in Eilertson 1975b on a remotely piloted demonstration vehicle, Gerhardt and Chen 1978 on the vertical attitude concept for a fighter or attack aircraft, and Papadales and Basil S. 1979 on the performance of a conceptual vertical-attitude fighter.
And it came back using the same technique that had supported the X-13 twenty years earlier. Newsom and Anglin 1975 and Grafton and Anglin 1975 are free-flight model investigations of a vertical-attitude vertical take-off fighter, flown in the same facility and reported in the same form as Smith 1958b. Two decades of intervening work changed the proposed aircraft and did not change how the question was asked, which is a fair measure of how completely the technique had settled the aerodynamic side of the problem and how little it could say about the rest. The remotely piloted version matters most, because removing the pilot removes the problem the X-13 could not solve.
The Contemporary Literature
| Cluster | Records |
|---|---|
| Control allocation and flight control law design | 661 |
| Uncrewed tail-sitters and hybrid vertical take-off drones | 586 |
| Free-flight models, scaling, simulation and flight test technique | 551 |
| Propeller slipstream, rotors and distributed propulsion | 520 |
| Spin, tumble and the delta wing at high incidence | 516 |
| Control power, handling qualities and the criteria | 506 |
| Autonomous landing, moving platforms and recovery | 442 |
| Jet-induced effects, ground effect and the landing surface | 402 |
| Reaction controls and thrust vectoring | 371 |
| The pilot, the view and the visual task | 345 |
| Stability, control and flight dynamics | 301 |
| Tilt-rotor, tilt-wing and the convertible configurations | 294 |
| V/STOL aircraft and the configuration class | 291 |
| Engines, lift jets and propulsion | 280 |
| Hover, station keeping and disturbance | 255 |
| Urban air mobility and the vertiport | 235 |
| The transition and the control handover | 190 |
| Sizing, energy and hover endurance | 171 |
| Vertical-attitude aircraft and the tail-sitter programmes | 97 |
| Landing gear, arresting and recovery systems | 85 |
| Other aeronautical literature | 15 |
| Total | 7,114 |
The X-13’s configuration is not a historical curiosity. It is a standard layout for small uncrewed aircraft, and the reason, on this article’s reading of the 1975 remotely piloted proposal, is that the configuration’s hard problem was the pilot.
The Same Relations, Run Forward
The most useful way into the modern literature is to apply the article’s relations to a modern vehicle. Nothing in them has changed, so the comparison is direct.
| Vehicle | Mass | Disc loading | Wing loading | Ratio | Hover endurance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small quadrotor tail-sitter | 25 kg | 488 Pa | 490 Pa | 0.99 | 22.8 min |
| Medium tail-sitter | 120 kg | 462 Pa | 588 Pa | 0.79 | 23.4 min |
| Large lift-plus-cruise | 2000 kg | 542 Pa | 981 Pa | 0.55 | 21.6 min |
| Ryan X-13 | 3053 kg | 141,000 Pa | 1,687 Pa | 84 | 13.4 min |
Two things fall out, and the second corrects the first.
The disc loading and the wing loading of a modern electric tail-sitter are the same quantity to within a factor of two. It follows from the XFY-1 comparison that a designer who wants stall-level dynamic pressure on the control surfaces in a hover should choose a disc loading equal to the wing loading. A small electric tail-sitter satisfies that condition without anyone arranging it, because both quantities are set by the same structural and aerodynamic scaling once the propulsor is a set of rotors rather than a jet. The X-13’s ratio was 84 and the modern ratio is near one. The design difference that separated the X-13 from the XFY-1 has been dissolved rather than solved.
The endurance advantage is not what it looks like. Twenty-three minutes against thirteen suggests the energy problem has nearly halved, and it has not.
The two vehicles obey different relations. A jet in the hover burns fuel in proportion to the thrust it must produce, so
\[t = \frac{\zeta}{c} \tag{93}\]while a rotor’s power is set by how hard it works the air it passes through,
\[\frac{P}{T} = \frac{v_{i}}{\eta}, \qquad v_{i} = \sqrt{\frac{T/A}{2\rho}} \tag{94}\]and its endurance is the stored energy divided by that power,
\[t = \frac{\zeta_{b} \, e \, \eta}{g \, v_{i}} \tag{95}\]The modern figures in the table assume a battery at thirty percent of the mass while the X-13’s fuel was twenty-one. Holding the energy mass fraction equal, with an induced velocity of 14.1 metres per second,
\[t = \frac{0.208 \times 9.0 \times 10^{5} \times 0.70}{9.807 \times 14.1} = 948 \, \text{s} = 15.8 \, \text{min} \tag{96}\]against the X-13’s 13.4. Seventy years of propulsion and energy storage has improved hovering endurance at fixed energy mass fraction by about eighteen percent.
The comparison is cleanest expressed as an effective specific consumption. A jet in the hover obeys $t = \zeta / c$ and a rotor obeys the relation above, so the rotor’s equivalent $c$ is
\[c_{\text{eff}} = \frac{g \, v_{i}}{e \, \eta} \tag{97}\]| Configuration | Effective specific consumption | Relative to the Avon |
|---|---|---|
| Ryan X-13, Avon RA.28 | $2.583 \times 10^{-4}$ s⁻¹ | 1.000 |
| Small electric tail-sitter, 250 Wh/kg | $2.197 \times 10^{-4}$ s⁻¹ | 0.850 |
| The same at 400 Wh/kg | $1.373 \times 10^{-4}$ s⁻¹ | 0.532 |
A battery forty-eight times worse than kerosene per kilogramme, driving a rotor seventeen times better than a jet at converting power into thrust, comes out fifteen percent ahead. The rest of the modern advantage is bought by carrying more energy, which a vehicle with no pilot and no weapon can afford to do. The hover is still expensive, and for the same reason.
The Tail-Sitter Came Back Without a Pilot
The transition control problem derived above is now an ordinary subject with a large literature, and the vehicle it is written about is often a biplane quadrotor tail-sitter, which is the X-13’s configuration with four rotors in place of one jet and a computer in place of the man.
Disturbance rejection through the hover and the transition together, which the X-13’s pilot had to manage by hand, is the subject of Mao et al. 2026b and Wang et al. 2025e. Wang et al. 2026j and Wang et al. 2026f treat hover attitude control for that configuration, Gupta et al. 2026 designs its transition feedback, and Jayasundara and Baeder 2026 study its aerodynamics and acoustics. The stability derivatives that the 1953 wind-tunnel programme measured for the XFY-1 are now obtained from the vehicle itself in flight, in Juhasz et al. 2025 on system identification of a hovering quadrotor biplane tail-sitter.
Transition strategies and corridors are Rehan et al. 2026, Lee et al. 2026b, Pobikrowska and Goetzendorf-Grabowski 2025, Burton et al. 2026, Panish and Bacic 2025, Xi et al. 2025, Tellez-Belkotosky et al. 2025, and Irmawan et al. 2023. Adaptive and fault-tolerant versions, which matter because a rotor can fail where a jet mostly could not, appear in Zhou et al. 2025, Cai and Lovera 2026a, and Wang et al. 2026b. The configuration is studied in Samarth Pathak 2025, Liang et al. 2026a, Rajendran 2025, and Fernandez et al. 2026, the last of which optimises the design and the trajectory together under a controllability constraint, which is the modern form of the opening question.
The Handover Is Now a Least-Squares Problem
The control-authority handover is solved as an allocation problem. A modern over-actuated aircraft is given a desired moment and solves for the actuator commands that produce it at least cost,
\[\mathbf{M}_{\text{des}} = B \mathbf{u}, \qquad \mathbf{u} = W^{-1} B^{\mathsf{T}} \left( B W^{-1} B^{\mathsf{T}} \right)^{-1} \mathbf{M}_{\text{des}} \tag{98}\]where the weighting $W$ prices each actuator and the effectiveness matrix $B$ varies with dynamic pressure. The blend that the X-13’s pilot had to perform by hand is now the solution of that problem, evaluated many times a second, and the fraction $\lambda(V)$ tabulated earlier is what it converges to.
Enenakpogbe et al. 2025 formulates it for a vectored-thrust vertical take-off aircraft, and Asghari and Tayefi 2026 treats the transition as a multi-objective allocation. The control laws that sit above it are Scordamaglia et al. 2025, Pfeifle and Fichter 2023, Saetti 2025, and McIntosh et al. 2024. Incremental nonlinear dynamic inversion, which has become the default because it needs less of a model than the alternatives, is the method of Tamaskani et al. 2026, Wang et al. 2026a, Athayde et al. 2024b, and Salahudden et al. 2024a. Nonlinear model predictive control on a large multirotor is Zwiener et al. 2026, on a tiltwing Doff-Sotta et al. 2025, and reconfiguration after an actuator failure is Li et al. 2025i and Cai et al. 2026b.
The Position Loop Became Somebody Else’s Problem
The sharpest human-factors result above is that hovering is a third-order position loop with no restoring moment, requiring the mean tilt to be held below half a degree to keep station within a metre. That loop is now closed by a computer with better sensors than eyes.
Stewart et al. 2026 addresses station-keeping against disturbance, Matt and Altamirano 2026 hover system identification, and Lovas 2026 rotor-level health monitoring in the hover, which no 1957 aircraft could contemplate. The rotor aerodynamics underneath are Mihaila et al. 2026, Mortimer et al. 2026, and Makeev 2026b.
Where a human remains in the loop the article’s transport-delay analysis has become a research subject, in Liu et al. 2026a on teleoperation under delay and Li et al. 2026c on driving the latency of an immersive interface down. The ground observer who talked Girard onto the hook was an early and unusually literal instance of shared control with a transport delay, and the modern treatment of that arrangement identifies the delay as the thing to attack.
The Visual Task, Solved by Deleting the Viewer
The X-13’s decisive difficulty was that the pilot could not see the trailer. The modern answer is not a better window.
Vision-based autonomous landing is Qian et al. 2026, González-Tejeda et al. 2026, Ryu et al. 2024, Yang et al. 2025c, and Zhang et al. 2025c. Landing on a moving platform, which is harder than landing on a trailer and is the same problem, is studied in de Paula et al. 2026, Zhou et al. 2026d, Yuan et al. 2024, and Comeau et al. 2022.
Where a pilot is retained, the answer is to give the information back rather than to improve the view, as the 1970s displays literature concluded and as Newton et al. 2024 measures for a head-worn display on approach. Stephenson et al. 2026 studies operator workload and situational awareness for small uncrewed aircraft, and Gonzalo 2026 takes up the training question. All of these remove the geometry the X-13 could not remove.
Handling Qualities Became Certification
The control-power criteria borrowed here were a research subject in the 1960s and are now also a certification subject, because somebody has to certify vertical take-off aircraft carrying passengers.
Sizing an aircraft’s control power directly against handling-qualities requirements is Antonakis 2025a, using control moment polytopes, a formal version of the argument made here with a single criterion and a single moment arm. Antonakis 2025b and Saetti and Rogers 2024 test those qualities with uncertainty modelled explicitly, Ioannis and Ioannis 2026 applies the Cooper-Harper scale to a small uncrewed aircraft, and Favaro et al. 2025b builds flight models credible enough to certify by simulation. Slung loads, which reproduce the X-13’s coupled attitude and position problem in another form, are the subject of Wang and Chen 2024.
The most direct descendant of the X-13’s pilot problem is simplified vehicle operations, in which the aircraft is made easy enough that a person who is not a pilot can fly it. Janetzko et al. 2026 measures whether novices can. The X-13 asked an experienced test pilot to do something at the edge of what a person can do, and the field’s eventual answer was to change the aircraft rather than to train the person. Workload measurement itself has moved to physiological instrumentation, in Procházková and Juračka 2026, Xu et al. 2026a, and Chen et al. 2025a.
Ground Effect Became a Civil Planning Problem
The disc-loading ratio of about a hundred between a jet and a rotor of the same span is why vertical landing on unprepared ground remains a rotorcraft capability. What has changed is who is asking. The X-13’s ground loading was a military basing question and it is now a question about where a vertiport may be placed in a city.
The aerodynamics is Greene 2020, Sagaga and Lee 2025, Lee et al. 2026a, Shirbhate et al. 2025, and Georgiev 2025, with the energy consequence measured in flight in Su et al. 2024. Ingestion persists even at rotorcraft disc loadings, in Li et al. 2025l, and brownout is now simulated for another planet entirely in Caprace et al. 2025. Sharma et al. 2021 treats the shipboard case with deck motion.
The planning literature is the part that would have surprised the X-13’s engineers. Vertiport siting and design are Li et al. 2026j, Lyu and Feng 2026, Maksoud et al. 2025, Mercan et al. 2025, Guo et al. 2025a, Zhou et al. 2026a, Jin and Ma 2025, and Mirković et al. 2026, with operations in Lee et al. 2025a and the navigation requirement in García Crespillo et al. 2024. A tail-sitting jet needed a prepared surface and a particular trailer, and this article counts both against it. A modern vertical take-off aircraft needs a prepared surface and a licensed site, and that is treated as infrastructure rather than as a defect. The requirement did not go away. The expectation did.
Sizing Now Carries the Hover Explicitly
The article’s central arithmetic is that hover endurance depends only on the energy fraction and the effective consumption. A modern sizing method has to carry that term explicitly, because it dominates.
Sizing methodologies are Qiao and Zhou 2026, Lee et al. 2022a, Chen et al. 2026d, Paek 2025, and Park et al. 2025e. Batra et al. 2024 and Barufaldi and Morales 2023 rewrite the endurance relations for hybrid propulsion. The honest response, which is to carry a second energy source so the vehicle does not hover on its cruise powerplant, is now a design discipline, in Vegh 2026, Park 2026, Park and Park 2026, Li and Jiang 2026, Zhu et al. 2022b, and Radmanesh 2026. Energy-optimal trajectories exist because the hover is worth avoiding, in Mathur and Atkins 2026, Cai et al. 2026a, and Kang et al. 2025a, and Ayyaswamy et al. 2023, Boggan and Clarke 2026, and Jiao and Yang 2026 examine the battery’s behaviour under that duty cycle.
The Slipstream Question, Now a Free Parameter
The explanation given earlier for why a turboprop tail-sitter needs no reaction control is that its slipstream gives the wing stall-level dynamic pressure in the hover. The relation is
\[q_{s} = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho v_{s}^{2} = \frac{T}{A} \tag{99}\]so a designer who wants that condition simply chooses a disc loading equal to the wing loading, which the table at the head of this section shows a modern tail-sitter does automatically.
Shaping the interaction deliberately is Xue and Zhou 2020b, Leng et al. 2020, Duivenvoorden et al. 2026, Duivenvoorden et al. 2025, Cao et al. 2023, Meng et al. 2023a, Zhao et al. 2024b, Zhao et al. 2026c, and Ikami et al. 2021, with the propulsion-aerodynamics coupling modelled in Li et al. 2026d. The X-13’s disadvantage against the XFY-1 is now a design choice that distributed electric propulsion makes freely available, the single largest change between the period and the present.
High Angle of Attack
A transitioning aircraft passes through every incidence from zero to ninety degrees. Wang et al. 2025b and Golmirzaee and Wood 2026 model that passage, Koch 2026, Acher et al. 2021, and Combey et al. 2026 study the unsteady interactions, and Mohankumar et al. 2021 and Mohankumar et al. 2022 measure the engine’s tolerance of incidence, which the X-13 needed and nobody measured.
Subscale Free Flight Is Still How It Is Done
The Froude-scaled free-flight model that settled the X-13’s transition is not a superseded technique. It is still one of the ways a transitioning aircraft is tested before it carries anything.
Scaled demonstrators and their development are Pan et al. 2026 and Bianco and Simon 2023, Comer et al. 2026c flight tests a trajectory controller on a subscale transitioning aircraft, and the identification work that turns such a flight into a model is Ahmed et al. 2024, Shen and Chen 2025, Abdul Rashid et al. 2025, and Ide and Landman 2025. The difference from 1958 is that the model now carries the flight computer it is testing, so the thing being validated is the software rather than the shape, and the Reynolds number mismatch computed above matters less than it did because the quantity of interest is a control law rather than a stall. Filippoli et al. 2026b and Kieß et al. 2026 draw safety and certification lessons from such vehicles.
What Has Not Changed
Three of the article’s findings have no modern remedy and appear unchanged in the current literature.
Hovering is expensive, and the effective specific consumption table above shows the improvement over seventy years is about fifteen percent at fixed energy fraction. Ground loading scales with disc loading, so any vehicle that hovers on a small actuator disc will damage what it hovers over. And a hovering aircraft has no aerodynamic restoring moment, so the position loop is third order and undamped whether a person or a computer is closing it.
What changed is who closes the loop, how much energy the vehicle can afford to carry, and whether the ground is expected to be prepared. None of those is an aerodynamic advance, and the X-13’s aerodynamics were never the problem.
Control allocation and flight control law design
The handover as an algorithm. Control allocation for over-actuated aircraft, and dynamic inversion, incremental, model predictive, sliding-mode, adaptive and fault-tolerant control laws for aircraft, rotorcraft, multirotors and vertical take-off vehicles, together with allocation theory stated for over-actuated systems in general. The earliest dated record is from 1972, and 213 titles name dynamic inversion, 101 of them in its incremental form, which is the literature’s own measure of the method the review above describes as the default.
661 records. [A Novel Sliding Mode 2020] [Abbasi 2017] [Acquatella B. et al. 2017] [Adams and Banda 1993a] [Adams and Banda 1993b] [Addington and Myatt 2000] [Ahmadi Dastgerdi and Nabavi-Chashmi 2026] [Ahmadi et al. 2022] [Ahmadi Dastgerdi et al. 2024] [Ahmadi et al. 2023] [Ailon 2006] [Al-Hiddabi and McClamroch] [Al-Mahturi et al. 2021] [Al-radhi and El-Metwally 2023] [Alam and Celikovsky 2017] [Alam et al. 2016] [Alblooshi et al. 2025] [Alcan and Unel 2017] [Alwi and Edwards 2009] [Amin and Li 2017] [An and Shao 2023] [Antonakis and Biannic 2024] [Aoki and Higashi 2020] [Asper et al. 2026] [Atmaca and Van Kampen 2025] [Atmaca et al. 2026] [Autenrieb et al. 2019] [Axten et al. 2024a] [Axten et al. 2024b] [Bachler and Petit 2021] [Bacon and Ostroff 2000] [Baggi et al. 2020] [Baggi et al. 2022] [Balas et al. 1992] [Bannwarth et al. 2024] [Bao et al. 2025] [Barlow et al. 2009] [Beh et al. 2018] [Beheshti et al. 2023] [Bellankimath and Chandar 2015] [Bendotti and Morris] [Benghezal et al. 2022] [Bernhard and Adamy 2017] [Berrios et al. 2017] [Betancourt et al. 2020] [Beyer et al. 2018] [Bezerra and Santos 2022] [Bhardwaj et al. 2019a] [Bian et al. 2019] [Bicking et al. 2014] [Binz and Moormann 2020] [Binz et al. 2019] [Biwei Tang et al. 2011] [Blas et al. 2022] [Bodson 2000] [Boskovic and Mehra] [Botelho] [Bouadi and Mora-Camino 2012] [Bouchard et al. 2015] [Buescher and Hill 2025] [Buffington 1997] [Buffington 1999a] [Buffington 1999b] [Buffington and Sparks 1998] [Buffington et al. 1998] [Armenio et al. 2024] [Burton et al. 2023] [Cabecinhas et al. 2013] [Cai et al. 2026b] [Cakiroglu et al. 2018] [Calise and Kramer 1982] [Calise and Kramer 1984] [Cao and Liu 2024] [Cao and Lynch 2021] [Cao et al. 2014] [Cao et al. 2019] [Cao et al. 2022a] [Car et al. 2018] [Cardenas 2022] [Casau et al. 2012] [Castañeda and Gordillo 2019] [Catapang 1993] [Caverly et al. 2016] [Chaderjian 2017] [Chang et al. 2022b] [Chang et al. 2024] [Chebbi and Briere 2022] [Chen and Zhang 2008] [Chen et al. 2018] [Chen et al. 2019a] [Chen et al. 2019b] [Chen et al. 2022b] [Chen et al. 2025b] [Chen et al. 2026a] [Chen et al. 2026b] [Cheng et al. 2025a] [Chudoba and Cook 2003] [ChunSheng Liu et al. 2012] [Chunzhi et al. 2015] [Cocetti et al. 2016] [Coelho et al. 2017] [Comer et al. 2024a] [Comer et al. 2026a] [Consolini and Tosques 2006] [Control Allocation and Flight 2016] [Control Distribution for over-Actuated 2008] [Controller for Attitude Stabilization 2014] [Corraro et al. 2011] [Cui et al. 2021a] [Cui et al. 2025] [Córdoba G. 2007] [Dagal and Erol 2025] [Dahleh and Tsitsiklis 2002] [Galzi 2009] [Datta et al. 2011] [de Castro and Brembeck 2019] [De Ponti et al. 2025] [de Vries and Van Kampen 2019] [Demirkiran and Isci 2023] [Deng et al. 2023a] [Deng et al. 2023b] [Deng et al. 2023c] [Deng et al. 2023d] [Derawi et al. 2015] [Derrouaoui et al. 2023] [Devasia 1997] [DeVore et al. 2022] [Devytkovsky and Trefilov 2023] [Di Francesco and Mattei 2016] [Di Francesco et al. 2014] [Diepolder et al. 2017] [Ding et al. 2026] [Do 2014b] [Do and Paxman 2013] [Do et al] [Do et al. 2003] [Doff-Sotta et al. 2025] [Doman and Oppenheimer 2002] [Dou and Wen 2022] [Douglas et al. 1990] [Du et al. 2023] [Duan and Okwudire 2018] [Durham et al. 2016] [Dyer et al. 2019] [Kim 2008] [Edwards 1972] [Ehab Safwat et al. 2020] [Elif and Tekinalp 2025] [Emami and Rezaeizadeh 2018] [Enns 1990] [Enns 2003] [Enns and Keviczky 2006] [Enns et al. 1994] [Faizal et al. 2018] [Fan et al. 2011] [Fan et al. 2026] [Fault Tolerant Control 2025] [Feng Lin et al. 1999] [Figueiredo Prudencio] [Franceschini et al. 2026] [Galeani et al. 2011] [Galeani et al. 2015] [Galeani et al. 2025] [Gan and Gao 2014] [Gao et al. 2026] [Asper and Simmons 2022] [Goman and Kolesnikov 1998] [Gregory 1998] [Greif et al. 1972] [Gress 2018] [Gripp et al. 2023] [Grondman et al. 2018] [Guan and Xian 2025] [Gui et al. 2019] [Guo et al. 2016] [Guo et al. 2023a] [Güneş and Adıgüzel 2024] [Hachem et al. 2026] [Hafezi et al. 2022] [Hafner et al. 2026] [Haisheng and Jinkun 2012] [Hamadi] [Hameduddin and Bajodah 2011a] [Hameduddin and Bajodah 2011b] [Hameduddin and Bajodah 2012] [Han and Zhang 2019] [Han Du et al. 2016] [Handrick et al. 2025] [Harris et al. 2019] [Harris et al. 2022] [Hartmann and Stein 1978] [Hartmann et al. 1979a] [Hartmann et al. 1979b] [Hastedt et al. 2022] [Hauser et al. 1992] [He et al. 2020b] [Heer et al. 2023] [Hegde 2020] [Henkenjohann et al. 2023] [Henkenjohann et al. 2024] [Herrera et al. 2017] [Ho and Zhou 2023] [Ho et al. 2024] [Hofsäβ and Holzapfel 2024] [Hougui et al. 1995] [Howitt 2005] [Hoyt et al. 1980] [Hriadel et al. 2026] [Hu et al. 2000] [Huang et al. 2003] [Huang et al. 2022] [Huang et al. 2025c] [Huang et al. 2025a] [Hugo et al. 2007] [Humaidi et al. 2019] [Idan et al. 2001] [Ignatyev and Tsourdos 2022] [Ilyas et al. 2025] [Immersion and Invariance Adaptive 2026] [Islam et al. 2020] [Iswanto et al. 2016] [Cook and Gregory] [Jafari et al. 2022] [Jaramillo et al. 2025] [Jayaraman and Ghosh 2021] [Jayaraman et al. 2021] [Jayaraman et al. 2022] [Jeong and Park 2025] [Jeong et al. 2024b] [Jeong et al. 2024c] [Jiang and Pakmehr 2022] [Jiang et al. 2014] [Jiang et al. 2025a] [Jiaqiang Zhu et al] [Jie et al. 2025] [Jin et al. 2026] [Jinghe et al. 2024] [Johansen and Sbarbaro 2003] [Johnson and Ahamed 2018] [Joo et al. 2012] [Joosten et al. 2008] [Ju et al. 2023] [Nagarathna and Deodhare 2023] [Kamath et al. 2025] [Kandath et al. 2019] [Kang and Kwon 2000] [Kannan et al. 2025] [Kawaguchi et al. 2008] [Kawaguchi et al. 2009] [Kawaguchi et al. 2011] [Kazemi and Tarighi 2024] [Kellett 1996] [Kellett et al. 1996] [Kelm and Myschik 2023] [Khelassi et al. 2010a] [Khelassi et al. 2010b] [Kim and Kim 2024] [Kim et al. 2009] [Kim et al. 2016] [Kim et al. 2024c] [Kim et al. 2025a] [Kishiwada et al. 2019] [Kishore et al. 2006] [Kissai et al. 2019a] [Kissai et al. 2019b] [Knobel et al. 2006] [Kocurek et al. 1997] [Koeniguer and Spear 2018] [Kose 2024] [Kou et al. 2021] [Krimphove et al. 2023] [Krishnamurthy and Khorrami 2011] [Krosche and Heinze 2015] [Kukreti et al. 2016] [Kumtepe et al. 2022] [Kunwar et al. 2026] [Kurniawan 2014] [Lang et al. 2024] [Larson 1986] [Lee et al. 2006] [Lee et al. 2011] [Li 2021] [Li and Tan 2023] [Li et al. 2003] [Li et al. 2018b] [Li et al. 2021a] [Li et al. 2022c] [Li et al. 2022b] [Li et al. 2023d] [Li et al. 2023f] [Li et al. 2023g] [Li et al. 2024a] [Li et al. 2025i] [Li et al. 2025k] [Lili and Hua-min 2011] [Lin et al. 2013] [Lin et al. 2019] [Lin et al. 2024b] [Linehan 1996] [Lingyu et al. 2006] [Lingzhong Guo et al] [Litt 2024] [Littleboy et al. 1997] [Liu and Xue 2016] [Liu et al. 2006] [Liu et al. 2015] [Liu et al. 2018a] [Liu et al. 2022c] [Liu et al. 2025a] [Liu et al. 2026c] [Lombaerts et al. 2008] [Lombaerts et al. 2010] [Louw and Jordaan 2021] [Lozano et al. 2022] [Lu et al. 2016a] [Lu et al. 2016b] [Lu et al. 2018] [Lu et al. 2019] [Lu et al. 2024] [Lu et al. 2026] [Ludeña Cervantes et al. 2020] [Lungu and Lungu 2016] [Lam et al. 2024] [Ma and Yang 2016] [Ma et al. 2009] [Ma et al. 2022a] [Ma et al. 2024] [Maadani et al. 2023] [MacKunis et al. 2008] [Maggiore and Consolini] [Mahony et al] [Makarov 2019] [Malloy and Chang 1998] [Mancinelli et al. 2025] [Mansur and Lanteigne 2020] [Mao et al. 2022] [Marantos et al. 2013] [Marks et al. 2012] [Martin 2025] [Martin et al] [Martin et al. 1996] [Masuda and Uchiyama 2024] [Matamoros and de Visser 2018] [Houghton et al] [Mazeh et al. 2021] [McGeoch et al. 2005] [Merheb] [Messaoui et al. 2023] [Michael W. Oppenheimer 2006] [Michalski et al. 2023] [Midhat 2017] [Miller 2011] [Milz et al. 2025] [Milz et al. 2026a] [Miyamoto et al. 2012] [Modiano and Murman 1993] [Modisette and Darmofal 2008] [Mogorosi et al. 2021] [Mokhtari et al. 2023] [Mondal and Mahanta 2013] [Mondal et al. 2012] [Morani et al. 2024] [Morton et al. 1996] [Mulgund and Stengel 1993] [Mulgund and Stengel 1995] [Murch et al. 2009] [Nandy and Kim 2025] [Narayanan et al. 2026] [Nguyen 2011] [Ni 2024] [Nie et al. 2021] [Ninomiya and Miyazawa 2010] [Nunes et al. 2025c] [Nunes et al. 2025b] [Oertel 1995] [Oertel 1997] [Oertel 1998] [Olfati-Saber] [Olfati-Saber 2002] [Pachter et al. 1999] [Panish et al. 2023] [Papachristos et al. 2011] [Papageorgiou and Glover 2002] [Papageorgiou and Glover 2004] [Park et al. 2019] [Park et al. 2024a] [Park et al. 2025a] [Park et al. 2025b] [Patel and Smith 1998] [Pavel et al. 2020] [Peng et al. 2008] [Peng et al. 2010] [Pfeifle and Fichter 2021a] [Pfeifle and Fichter 2022] [Pollack and Van Kampen 2022] [Pollack and van Kampen 2023] [Pollack et al. 2019] [Pollack et al. 2024] [Pollack et al. 2025] [Pollack et al. 2026b] [Pollack et al. 2026a] [Pollák et al. 2026] [Prach 2022] [Prochazka et al. 2018] [Pham 2026] [Qian and Chen 2010] [Qian and Li 2010] [Qiao et al. 2026b] [Qin et al. 2023a] [Qin et al. 2023b] [Qiong Hu et al. 2012] [Qu et al. 2024] [Ramirez-Rodriguez et al. 2013] [Raptis et al. 2009] [Reiner et al. 1994] [Reiner et al. 1996] [Ren et al. 2026] [Richter 2012] [Rivera-Casillas and Dettwiller 2024] [Robinson et al. 2015] [Ruggia 2025] [Ruiz et al. 2023] [Rustagi et al. 2018] [Sabra et al. 2025] [Sadik Aboud et al. 2023] [Saeki and Sakaue] [Saied] [Sandino et al. 2013] [Sansou et al. 2024] [Santos and Bezerra 2022] [Santos et al. 2021] [Santos et al. 2022] [Saraf et al. 1998] [Sargent and Anemaat 2018] [Sarigul-Klijn and Huber 2006] [Satoh and Ohno 2025] [Schkoda and Crassidis 2007] [Schneider et al. 2024] [Schumacher 1999] [Scordamaglia et al. 2012] [Scordamaglia et al. 2025] [Selman 2023] [Senkul and Altug 2014] [Serrani 2012] [Setlur et al] [Shageer et al. 2008] [Shankar et al. 2003] [Shankar et al. 2004] [Sharma and Aldeen 2007] [Shearwood et al. 2021] [Sheng and Sun 2015] [Shi et al. 2023] [Shivanapura Lakshmikanth et al. 2013] [Shunxiang and Rui 2017] [Shuo et al. 2025] [Siddiqi and Abraham 1988] [Sieberling et al. 2010] [Simplício et al. 2023] [Simplício et al. 2013] [Singh and Pal 2019] [Singh et al. 1994] [Singh et al. 2024] [Singhal et al. 2009] [Singla and Junkins 2007] [Sini and Ananthan 2022] [Sisson and Dogan 2025] [Sisson et al. 2024] [Smeur et al. 2016a] [Smeur et al. 2016b] [Smeur et al. 2018] [Smit and Craig 1998] [Smith 1998] [Smith and Berry 2000] [Smith and Patel 1995] [Smith et al. 1986] [Snell 1992] [Snell and Stout 1994] [Snell and Stout 1995] [Snell and Stout 1998] [Snell et al. 1998] [Soikkeli et al. 2023] [Soltani et al. 2003] [Song 2008] [Spaans et al. 2024] [Sreenatha and Kulkarni] [Staelens et al. 2007] [Stalford 1987] [Stam and de Visser 2025] [Steffensen et al. 2023] [Steinert et al. 2025a] [Steinert et al. 2025b] [Steinleitner et al. 2022] [Stengel et al. 1976a] [Stougie et al. 2024] [Su 2014] [Su and Lin 2011a] [Su and Lin 2011b] [Su and Lin 2012] [Su et al. 2014] [Sun et al. 2021] [Surmann et al. 2024] [Bertrand et al. 2009] [Szabolcsi 2019] [Szymanski et al. 2025] [Taherinezhad and Ramirez-Serrano 2023] [Takahashi 1994] [Tal and Karaman 2018] [Tal and Karaman 2021a] [Tamaskani et al. 2026] [Tang et al. 2021] [Tang et al. 2025a] [Tang et al. 2025b] [Tariq and Nahon 2020] [Tarn and Hsu] [Tarn and Hsu 1993] [Tayebi and McGilvray 2006] [Taylor and Yoo 2011] [Teel 1999a] [Teel 1999b] [Tekinalp et al. 2011] [Theilliol et al. 2015] [Tijani et al. 2011] [Tipàn et al. 2020] [Tohidi et al. 2016] [Tohidi et al. 2017] [Tohidi et al. 2021] [Tol et al. 2013] [Torella and Liotti 1993] [Tournes and Johnson] [Traas et al. 2026] [Tsuchiya et al. 2022] [Ugwueze et al. 2023a] [ul Amin et al 2016] [Ul Haq et al. 2026] [Unal 2021] [Valmorbida and Galeani 2013] [van ‘t Veld et al 2018] [Van et al. 2019] [van Oort et al. 2008] [Van Oort et al. 2011] [Venkataraman and Doman 2001] [Vepa 2021] [Vernyi et al. 2026] [Vershinin 2008] [Vile et al. 2020] [Villanueva-Aguado and Bronz 2026] [Vinkler and Wood 1978] [Vinkler et al. 1979] [Vinkler et al. 1980] [Wang and Zhu 2022] [Wang et al. 2009a] [Wang et al. 2009b] [Wang et al. 2014] [Wang et al. 2018c] [Wang et al. 2018d] [Wang et al. 2018e] [Wang et al. 2019d] [Wang et al. 2020a] [Wang et al. 2020b] [Wang et al. 2021e] [Wang et al. 2021g] [Wang et al. 2021f] [Wang et al. 2025d] [Wang et al. 2026a] [Wang et al. 2026h] [Wang et al. 2026i] [Wang et al. 2026g] [Wang Fawei 2016] [Wei et al. 2020] [Weilenmann et al] [Wells 2002] [Wendel et al. 1991] [Wilson and Prazenica 2020] [Wise 1992] [Wood and Cazzolato 2007a] [Wood and Cazzolato 2007b] [Woolley 1978] [Wu et al. 2017] [Wu et al. 2024a] [Wu et al. 2024b] [Wu et al. 2026] [Xi and Liu 2020] [Xingjian 2023] [Xu and Zhang 2019] [Xu et al. 2019d] [Xu et al. 2019e] [Xu et al. 2025b] [Yan Chen and Junmin Wang 2011] [Yan et al. 2019] [Yang 2021] [Yang and Chang 2024] [Yang and Deng 2024] [Yang and Gao 2003] [Yang and Gao 2020] [Yang and Liu 2003] [Yang and Morales 2021] [Yang and Shen 2007] [Yang et al. 2012a] [Yang et al. 2022b] [Yang et al. 2023c] [Yang et al. 2024c] [Yang Ning et al. 2012] [Yao et al. 2020] [Ye et al. 2025] [Yedavalli et al] [Yin et al. 2017] [Yin et al. 2019b] [You et al. 2024] [Yousef et al. 2026] [Yu and Kim 2024] [Yu and Wang 2024] [Yu and Yu 2026] [Yu et al. 2005] [Yu et al. 2025] [Yuan and Xian 2025] [Yuanqing et al. 2014] [Yuksel 2023] [Yılmaz and German 2024] [Zajdel et al. 2022] [Zaki et al. 2017] [Zhang and Cai 2011] [Zhang and Holzapfel 2015] [Zhang and Morton 1995] [Zhang and Morton 1998] [Zhang and Ran 2023] [Zhang et al. 2007] [Zhang et al. 2008b] [Zhang et al. 2014c] [Zhang et al. 2014a] [Zhang et al. 2019e] [Zhang et al. 2019h] [Zhang et al. 2020b] [Zhang et al. 2023c] [Zhang et al. 2023e] [Zhang et al. 2023d] [Zhanqi and Xi’an 2012] [Zhao 2017] [Zhao and Liu 2018] [Zhao et al. 2018b] [Zhao et al. 2024d] [Zheng et al. 2014] [Zheng et al. 2023] [Zhi et al. 2018] [Zhiguo Xiong et al. 2006] [Zhiyang Zhang et al. 2011] [Zhou and Deng 2024] [Zhou et al. 2015b] [Zhou et al. 2015c] [Zhou et al. 2016] [Zhou et al. 2021] [Zhou et al. 2023] [Zhu et al. 2009] [Zhu et al. 2010] [Zhu et al. 2022b] [Zou and Devasia 2006] [Zou et al. 2017] [Zou et al. 2021b] [Zou et al. 2026] [Zouaoui and Rami 2004] [Zurn et al. 2016] [Zwiener et al. 2026]
Uncrewed tail-sitters and hybrid vertical take-off drones
The configuration after the pilot was removed. Tail-sitter, quadplane, biplane-quadrotor and other hybrid vertical take-off drones, their attitude and transition control, their aerodynamics and their design. The earliest dated record is from 1998, and 474 of the 567 dated records, being 83.6 percent, date from 2015 or later. 232 titles name the tail-sitter and 50 the biplane, so the X-13’s layout is the configuration this cluster names most often.
586 records. [Abdelmageed et al. 2024] [Abdessameud and Janabi-Sharifi 2013] [Abdessameud and Janabi-Sharifi 2015] [Abdessameud and Tayebi 2013a] [Abdessameud and Tayebi 2013b] [Abdulrahim et al. 2017] [Abryandoko et al. 2026] [Ahmed Snikdha and Chen 2023] [Aksugur and Inalhan 2009] [Aksugur et al. 2008] [Alatorre et al. 2023] [Alatorre Sevilla] [Ali et al. 2024a] [Alqudsi et al. 2026a] [Alqudsi et al. 2026b] [Althaus et al. 2007] [Alves et al. 2022] [Aláez et al. 2022] [Aláez et al. 2023] [Ambroziak et al. 2022] [An et al. 2022] [Ang et al. 2014] [Araar and Aouf 2014] [Arias et al. 2025a] [Arias et al. 2025b] [Asghari and Tayefi 2026] [Athayde et al. 2024b] [Athayde et al. 2024a] [Axten and Johnson 2026] [Babac and Domitran 2023] [Bapst et al. 2015] [Becker and Sheffler 2016] [Benini et al. 2016] [Benini et al. 2019] [Benmoussa and Gamboa 2024] [Berradi et al. 2017] [Bhandari et al. 2024a] [Bhardwaj et al. 2018] [Bilodeau and Wong 2010] [Boschma 1998] [Bouzid et al. 2018] [Brzozowski et al. 2014] [Bukka and Stütz 2024] [Cai and Lovera 2026a] [Cai and Lovera 2026b] [Cai et al. 2023] [Cai et al. 2024a] [Cai et al. 2026a] [Campos et al. 2021] [Cao et al. 2022b] [Carlson 2014] [Chen 2023] [Chen and He 2023] [Chen et al. 2023a] [Chen et al. 2026c] [Cheng and Pei 2023] [Cheng and Pei 2024] [Cheng et al. 2026a] [Chiappinelli and Nahon 2018] [Chipade et al. 2018] [Chodnicki et al. 2019] [Choi et al. 2022b] [Chowdhary and Lorenz 2005] [Chu et al. 2010] [Chu et al. 2022] [Conceptual Design 2015] [Conyers et al. 2015] [Cooper et al. 2018] [Cui et al. 2023b] [Czyba et al. 2023] [Dalwadi et al. 2021] [Dalwadi et al. 2022a] [Dalwadi et al. 2022b] [Dalwadi et al. 2022c] [Dalwadi et al. 2023a] [Dalwadi et al. 2023b] [Dalwadi et al. 2023c] [Dalwadi et al. 2023d] [Dalwadi et al. 2023e] [Dalwadi et al. 2023f] [Daud Filho] [Daud Filho and Belo 2023] [De Lucena et al. 2022] [De Lucena et al. 2025] [de Plinval and Burlion 2015] [de Plinval et al. 2013] [De Ponti et al. 2023] [De Wagter and Meulenbeld 2019] [De Wagter et al. 2018] [Demitrit et al. 2017] [Deng 2019] [Dermer] [Deshpande and Zhang 2021] [Design and Simulation 2024] [Design of Avionics System 2015] [Deyuan et al. 2017] [Deyuan et al. 2018] [Dezons and Ducard 2023] [Dhaliwal and Ramirez-Serrano 2009] [Dollinger et al. 2021b] [Domitran and Babac 2021] [Dony and Islam 2026] [Dooher et al. 2026] [Dragos Daniel et al. 2026] [Dubois et al. 2026] [Ducard and Carughi 2024] [Duncan et al. 2006] [Durán-Delfín et al. 2026] [Dyatmika et al. 2023] [聂 2017] [Escareño et al. 2007] [Eulopa-Hernandez et al. 2026] [Fan and Xia 2025] [Fan et al. 2025] [Fernandez et al. 2023] [Fernandez et al. 2026] [Ferreira and Becker 2026] [Ferrier et al. 2025] [Figueira et al. 2025] [Fleming et al. 2003] [Flight performance of civil] [Flight Test Data Analysis 2016] [Flores and Flores 2020] [Flores et al. 2018] [Footohi et al. 2019] [Forshaw et al. 2013] [Fredericks et al. 2013a] [Fredericks et al. 2015] [Frietsch et al. 2008] [Fu et al. 2025a] [Fu et al. 2025b] [Fu et al. 2025c] [Fu et al. 2026] [Fuhrer et al. 2019] [Gadag et al. 2025] [Gadag et al. 2026] [Gamble 2023] [Gan et al. 2023] [Gannous et al. 2021] [Gao et al. 2023] [Garcia et al. 2008] [Ge and Hou 2019] [Gentili et al. 2008] [Getachew and Zeleke 2024] [Ghanchi and Gururajan 2026] [Gill and D’Andrea 2020] [Giroux et al. 2000] [Gomez Ariza] [Gonzalez-Guerrero et al. 2022] [Govdeli] [Govindarajan and Sridharan 2021] [Govindarajan et al. 2018] [Gregory et al. 2015] [Gu et al. 2017] [Guclu et al. 2016] [Guerrero et al. 2009] [Guo et al. 2023b] [Gupta et al. 2023a] [Gupta et al. 2023b] [Gupta et al. 2025] [Gupta et al. 2026] [Günsel et al. 2025] [Kang et al. 2024b] [Kim et al. 2026] [Liu et al. 2022d] [Mhmood and Ali 2021] [Habel et al. 2025] [Hall 2011] [Han et al. 2013] [Han et al. 2025b] [Hang et al. 2013] [Harcus and Bright 2020] [He et al. 2022] [He et al. 2025a] [Healy et al. 2023] [Hedjar 2015] [Hedjar and Al Zuair 2019] [Heidarian and Memon 2012] [Herisse et al. 2008] [Herisse et al. 2010] [Herissé et al. 2012] [Heydari] [Hirano et al. 2019] [Hu et al. 2015] [Hu et al. 2022] [Hu et al. 2025c] [Hu et al. 2025d] [Hu et al. 2026a] [Huang et al. 2009] [Hudati et al. 2019] [Huo et al. 2019b] [Huo et al. 2026] [Imran et al. 2023] [INAV-Based Adaptive Transition Control 2025] [Invernizzi et al. 2018] [Isgandarov and Hajizada 2026] [Islam et al. 2026a] [Islam et al. 2026b] [Ismail et al. 2024] [Jabbari Asl 2019] [Jayasundara and Baeder 2023b] [Jayasundara and Baeder 2023a] [Jayasundara and Baeder 2026] [Jeong et al. 2010] [Jia et al. 2025] [Jiang et al. 2024a] [Jin et al. 2015] [Jirwankar et al. 2022] [Johnsen et al. 2021] [Johnsen et al. 2022] [Juanxia et al. 2023] [Juhasz et al. 2018] [Juhasz et al. 2025] [Jung and Shim 2011] [Jung et al. 2013] [Jóźko and Włodarczyk 2020] [Mohammadi et al. 2023] [Paw and Ang 2023] [Pham et al. 2025] [Reinhardt and Johansen 2021a] [Smeur et al. 2020] [Tal and Karaman 2022] [Trusfus and Abdullin 2021] [Tullu and Jung 2026] [Wang et al. 2024b] [Yokesh et al. 2025] [Kabganian and Hashemi 2025] [Kamal and Ramirez-Serrano 2020] [Kanodia et al. 2024] [Kaparos et al. 2019] [Ke and Chen 2017] [Ke et al. 2017] [Kikumoto et al. 2022] [Kikumoto et al. 2026] [Kim et al. 2013] [Kim et al. 2023c] [Kita et al. 2009a] [Kita et al. 2009b] [Kocamer et al. 2025] [Kocer et al. 2018] [Kohno and Uchiyama 2014] [Kong et al. 2015] [Kownacki et al. 2023] [Kshitij et al. 2023] [Kubo and Suzuki 2007] [Kubo and Suzuki 2008a] [Kubo and Suzuki 2008b] [Kumar et al. 2021b] [Kumar et al. 2024a] [Kyoung-Moo Min et al and Tjprc 2019] [König et al. 2025] [Laddusaw et al. 2021] [Laillatul and Darwito 2026] [Le Bras et al. 2007] [Lee and Baek 2025] [Lee and Kim 2024a] [Lee et al. 2012a] [Lee et al. 2012b] [Lee et al. 2025b] [Lee et al. 2026b] [Lee et al. 2026d] [Leng et al. 2020] [Li 2013] [Li et al. 2016b] [Li et al. 2017] [Li et al. 2018a] [Li et al. 2018c] [Li et al. 2018f] [Li et al. 2020a] [Li et al. 2022a] [Li et al. 2023b] [Li et al. 2025e] [Li et al. 2025g] [Li et al. 2025h] [Li et al. 2026f] [Li et al. 2026i] [Liang et al. 2016] [Liang et al. 2022a] [Liang et al. 2026a] [Lin et al. 2020] [Lin et al. 2024a] [Lippiello and Ruggiero 2016] [Liu and Mi 2025] [Liu and Xu 2026] [Liu and Zhang 2024] [Liu et al. 2018b] [Liu et al. 2018c] [Liu et al. 2018d] [Liu et al. 2020a] [Liu et al. 2022a] [Liu et al. 2024d] [Liu et al. 2025e] [Loughran et al. 2024] [Lovell-Prescod et al. 2023] [Lu et al. 2017] [Lu] [Lucena and Goncalves 2020] [Lugo Cárdenas] [Lyu] [Lyu et al. 2017b] [Lyu et al. 2017a] [Lyu et al. 2018a] [Lyu et al. 2018c] [Maier and Kondak 2015] [Makarenko et al. 2017] [Manoilo 2025] [Manouchehri et al. 2011] [Mao et al. 2026b] [Marchini] [Marshall et al. 2022] [Marvakov and Holzapfel 2021] [Matsumoto et al. 2010a] [Matsumoto et al. 2010c] [Matsumoto et al. 2010b] [McIntosh et al. 2020] [McIntosh et al. 2021] [McIntosh et al. 2022] [Meng et al. 2023b] [Metni 2010] [Metni et al. 2006] [Mhmood 2024] [Mihalik and Keane 2022] [Minh-Duc Hua et al. 2009a] [Minh-Duc Hua et al. 2009b] [Miyazaki and Tsubakino 2017] [Mohammadi et al. 2024] [Moore 2010] [Muraoka et al. 2009] [Murata et al. 2025b] [Murata et al. 2025a] [Murkute et al. 2025] [Nersisyan et al. 2026] [Okpara 2025] [Okpara 2026] [Olszanecki Barth] [Omar et al. 2007] [Oosedo et al. 2010] [Oosedo et al. 2012] [Oosedo et al. 2013] [Oosedo et al. 2016] [Osadchyi et al. 2023] [Osman et al. 2025] [Osman et al. 2026] [Ossyra et al. 2025] [Ozdemir et al. 2013] [Pan et al. 2015] [Panayotov and Zikyamov 2026] [Panigrahi et al. 2021] [Parizeau et al. 2023] [Patel et al. 2022] [Peciak et al. 2023] [Pelletier and Giroux 2000] [Pflimlin et al. 2005] [Pflimlin et al. 2006] [Pflimlin et al. 2007a] [Pflimlin et al. 2007b] [Phillips et al. 2016] [Phillips et al. 2017] [Phillips et al. 2018] [Phillips et al. 2019] [Phillips et al. 2021] [Piancastelli et al. 2016] [Pinder 2008] [Pines 2014] [Pisano et al. 2025] [Pobikrowska and Goetzendorf-Grabowski 2021] [Pobikrowska and Goetzendorf-Grabowski 2025] [Poh and Poh 2015] [Prach and Kayacan 2017] [Pravitra and Johnson 2020] [Pravitra et al. 2019] [Preisner et al. 2002] [Priambodo et al. 2022] [Priyambodo et al. 2023] [Prochazka and Stomberg 2020] [Qi et al. 2024a] [Qi et al. 2024b] [Qiao et al. 2023] [Qin et al. 2024] [Raeisi 2021] [Raj et al. 2020a] [Raj et al. 2020b] [Rajendran 2025] [Ramirez and Nahon 2021] [Ranasinghe and Don Lakitha Gunawardana 2021] [Rathjen] [Reatti et al. 2022] [Reddinger 2019] [Reddinger et al. 2019] [Reddinger et al. 2024] [Rehan et al. 2026] [Reinhardt and Johansen 2021b] [Ren et al. 2022a] [Ren et al. 2022b] [姜 2018] [鲁 2020] [Retha 2017] [Rhoads 2011] [Roberts and Tayebi 2011] [Rong et al. 2026] [Rosa et al. 2014] [Ryseck et al. 2020] [Ryseck et al. 2023] [Raja et al. 2021] [Saetti et al. 2025] [safaee et al 2025] [Safaee et al. 2025b] [Safi’i et al. 2021] [Safieh et al. 2020] [Sakai and Miwa 2014] [Samarth Pathak 2025] [Sawatdipon et al. 2020] [Schenk et al. 2026] [Schlatter et al. 2024] [Seren and Hornung 2023] [Serkin 2025] [Sethi et al. 2021] [Sharma et al. 2025a] [Shen and Chen 2025] [Shen and Zhu 2023] [Sheng Zhao et al. 2013] [Shih and Zou 2026] [Sikora and Czyba 2018] [Singh et al. 2019a] [Sohail et al. 2021] [Sonkar et al. 2023] [A3 et al. 2020] [Srivastava and Dondapati 2026] [Stewart et al. 2024] [Stewart et al. 2025] [Stone 2002a] [Stone 2002b] [Stone 2008] [Stone et al. 2006] [Stone et al. 2008] [Stone] [Stone] [Su et al. 2024] [Su et al. 2025] [Sun and Zhao 2024] [Sun et al. 2017] [Supsukbaworn and Lin 2014] [Suresh and Ratnoo 2019] [Suzuki et al. 2010] [Swarnkar et al. 2018a] [Swarnkar et al. 2018b] [Szczepaniak et al. 2019] [Takita and Kashitani 2016] [Takita and Kashitani 2017] [Takita et al. 2015] [Tal and Karaman 2021b] [Tan et al. 2010] [Tanabe et al. 2015] [Tang and Song 2018] [Tang et al. 2017] [Tang et al. 2020b] [Tellez-Belkotosky et al. 2025] [Terpecz and Schuster 2025] [Theys et al. 2016] [Thipyopas and Moschetta 2010] [Thirumaleshwar Hegde et al. 2020] [Thirumaleshwar Hegde et al. 2021] [Torno et al. 2023] [Tsai 2008] [Tsai et al] [Tsubakino and Saito 2020] [Turkmen and Altug 2020] [Turkoglu and Najafi 2015] [Ugur and Yesildirek 2025] [Vegh 2026] [Verling et al. 2016] [Vogeltanz 2019] [Wang] [Wang and Cheng 2020] [Wang and Zhang 2022] [Wang et al. 2016a] [Wang et al. 2016b] [Wang et al. 2017b] [Wang et al. 2017c] [Wang et al. 2017d] [Wang et al. 2017g] [Wang et al. 2018a] [Wang et al. 2018b] [Wang et al. 2019a] [Wang et al. 2019c] [Wang et al. 2020e] [Wang et al. 2021d] [Wang et al. 2022b] [Wang et al. 2022g] [Wang et al. 2023e] [Wang et al. 2025a] [Wang et al. 2025e] [Wang et al. 2026b] [Wang et al. 2026f] [Wang et al. 2026j] [Ward et al. 1999] [Whitcher and Johnson 2017] [Whitcher et al. 2019] [Wijerathna and Annasiwaththa 2025] [Willis and Beard 2021] [Winters] [Wong et al. 2007] [Wu and Li 2025] [Wu et al. 2014] [Wu et al. 2019b] [Wu et al. 2019a] [Wu et al. 2020] [Wu et al. 2022b] [Wu et al. 2023] [Xi et al. 2016] [Xi et al. 2019a] [Xia et al. 2021] [Xia et al. 2026] [Xian et al. 2026] [Xiao et al. 2026] [Xin et al. 2021] [Xiong et al. 2021] [Xu and Wang 2025] [Xu and Zhang 2020] [Xu et al. 2019b] [Xu et al. 2025a] [Yang et al. 2015] [Yang et al. 2020] [Yang et al. 2021c] [Yang et al. 2022c] [Yang et al. 2023a] [Yang et al. 2024b] [Yangping and Honggang 2018] [Yeo and Liu 2018] [Yu and Nan 2017] [Yuan et al. 2015b] [Yue et al. 2026] [Yuksek and Inalhan 2022] [Yuksek et al. 2016] [Yun et al. 2005] [Zafirov 2019] [Zaludin 2024] [Zaludin and Gires 2019] [Zaludin and Harituddin 2019] [Zaludin et al. 2021] [Zhang and Qi 2024] [Zhang et al. 2012] [Zhang et al. 2013b] [Zhang et al. 2016] [Zhang et al. 2017d] [Zhang et al. 2017e] [Zhang et al. 2017f] [Zhang et al. 2017i] [Zhang et al. 2018b] [Zhang et al. 2019d] [Zhang et al. 2021a] [Zhang et al. 2025a] [Zhang et al. 2025e] [Zhao et al. 2009] [Zhao et al. 2023a] [Zhao et al. 2024b] [Zhao et al. 2025b] [Zhao et al. 2026c] [Zhao et al. 2026a] [Zhong and Wang 2021] [Zhong and Wang 2022] [Zhong et al. 2017] [Zhong et al. 2019] [Zhong et al. 2023] [Zhong et al. 2026] [Zhou] [Zhou and Wang 2026] [Zhou et al. 2017] [Zhou et al. 2018] [Zhou et al. 2019b] [Zhou et al. 2020b] [Zhou et al. 2022b] [Zhou et al. 2025] [Zhu et al. 2019] [Zhu et al. 2026] [Zong et al. 2021] [Zou and Meng 2019] [Zou et al. 2023a] [Zou et al. 2024] [Zou et al. 2025] [Çabuk 2023] [Çakici and Leblebi̇ci̇oğlu 2016] [Çeti̇n et al 2024] [Öznalbant and Kavsaoglu 2015] [Öznalbant and Kavsaoğlu 2018] [Öznalbant et al. 2016]
Free-flight models, scaling, simulation and flight test technique
How the configuration was tested before it flew, and after. Free-flight and powered models, wind tunnel technique for vertical take-off aircraft, ground-based and in-flight simulation, parameter identification from flight data, in-flight thrust determination and flight test method. The scaling law behind the models is rarely named in their titles, as the Source Base sets out under Thin Subjects.
551 records. [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1962a] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1967a] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1967b] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1992a] [Borchers et al. 1998] [Capone et al. 2007] [Chambers et al. 1981] [Dias 2023] [Feng et al. 2023] [Gresham et al. 2023] [Holmes and Woehr 1971] [Hughes and Gazzaniga 1989] [Innis and Anderson 1972] [Jacob da Motta 2020] [Abdul Rashid et al. 2025] [Abras and Hariharan 2021] [Abras et al. 2019] [Adelgren et al. 2004] [Advanced Ducted Propulsor In-Flight] [Systems et al. 2025] [Ahad and Graham 2007] [Air Force Flight Test Center Edwards AFB CA 1974a] [Air Force Flight Test Center Edwards AFB CA 1974b] [Aircraft and Flight Test 2021] [Airfoil Static-Pressure Thrust 1990] [Alford and Knarr 1999] [Altman 2015] [Analysis of Gust-Response Flight-Test 1988] [Anderson and Averett 1972] [Aoyagi 1979] [Aoyagi and Aiken 1979] [Appendix F Flight Test 1999] [Araar et al. 2017] [Armstrong 1977] [Arnold 1968] [Aryawijaya 2026] [asadi 2022] [Asselin 2021] [Azid et al. 2021] [Bach and McNally 1988] [Bach and McNally 1989] [Bachfischer et al. 2024] [Baeder et al. 2014] [Baer-Riedhart 1981] [Bahnemann et al. 2017] [Bailey et al. 1983] [Balasa et al. 2026] [Ballin and Dalang-Secretan 1990] [Barker 1966] [Barra et al. 2020] [Beale and Miller 1975] [Bennett 1947] [Benyamen and Keshmiri 2022] [AvMC et al. 2020] [Beyers 1992] [Bhandari et al. 2025] [Bianco and Simon 2023] [Biber 2017] [Biermann and Hartman 1942] [Binion 1970a] [Binion 1971] [Binion 1975] [Bonyan Khamseh 2021] [Borst 1965] [Bovais et al. 1992] [Bower 1978] [Brady and Gururajan 2025] [Brady and Gururajan 2026] [Braman et al. 1983] [Brand et al. 1986] [Bronz and Hattenberger 2016] [Budd et al. 1993] [Budd et al. 1995] [Burcham and Burken 1994] [Burcham and Pappas 1996] [Burton and Bischoff 1976] [Jordan et al. 2004] [Kashitani et al. 2019] [Kim et al. 2023a] [Kim et al. 2023b] [Kong et al. 2023] [Laiping et al. 2020] [Lee et al. 2023] [Lo 1971] [Obermark 2004] [Olejnik et al. 2019] [Olejnik et al. 2020] [Parameter Estimation Techniques 1974] [Parlett 1974] [Parrish and Williams 1990] [Raoofi and Yildiz 2023] [Richardson 1976] [Risch et al. 2009] [Russell and Conley] [Chaimovich et al. 1992] [Chambers and Kirby 1966] [Chan 2019] [Charla et al. 2024] [Chen et al. 2015b] [Chen et al. 2022a] [Cheney 1988] [Chernousov et al. 2020] [Chin et al. 1987] [Cho et al. 2019] [Chung et al. 1995a] [Cicolani and Meyer 1975] [Clough et al. 1971] [Cole and Jordan 1952] [Comer et al. 2025] [Conners 1989] [Cook 1985] [Cook and Hickey 1965] [Corliss and Dugan 1972] [Corliss et al. 1977] [Corliss et al. 1978] [Corsiglia et al. 1989] [Courtin et al. 2020] [Cox et al. 2012] [Cunningham and Hubbard 2018] [Cunningham et al. 2008] [Daffer and Rogers 1973] [Dantsker 2024] [Dantsker and Mancuso 2019] [Dantsker et al. 2022] [Dantsker et al. 2025] [Davenport 1957] [Sekino and Maki 2024] [Simmons 2023a] [Simmons et al. 2023a] [Smith et al. 1995] [Sun et al. 2019] [Traven and Whitley 1995] [Wang et al. 2020c] [Wang et al. 2022a] [Xue et al. 2020b] [Xue et al. 2020a] [Yasue 2020] [Yip 1987] [Yuan 2026] [Zahn et al] [Davis 1974] [Davis and Mertens 1958] [Davis et al. 2025] [De Divitiis 2003] [Deets and Brown 1986] [Delbecq et al. 2021] [Dempster and Arnold 1969] [Denham and Owens 2016] [Di Carlo et al. 1968] [Ding et al. 2022] [Dolhyi et al. 2026] [Dooley and Yeary 1979] [Dougherty 1966] [Driscoll et al. 1975] [Dungan and Clark 1994] [Dutta et al. 2019] [Dynamic Lateral-Directional Stability Theory 2003] [Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Flight 2003] [Dynamic Scaling 2014] [Egolf et al. 2000] [Eigenmann and Bailey 1977] [Ekquist 1965] [Elena 2026] [ElSharkawy et al. 2024] [Emslie 1965] [Emslie 1966] [Energy Approach to Performance 2003] [ERC V/STOL Program Flight 1968] [Estimation and Sensitivity 2026] [Eulrich et al. 1978] [Falarski 1979] [Falarski and Mort 1971] [Farquerabao-Dimaano 2024] [Feistel and Morelli 1980] [Filippoli et al. 2026b] [Filippoli et al. 2026a] [Fink 1963] [Fitzgerald and Gingras 1996] [Fletcher 1993] [Fletcher 1995] [Fletcher 2008] [Flight Simulation 2016] [Flight Test 1979] [Flight Test Programme 1970] [Flores and Flores 2022] [Fortin and Ahuja 2024b] [Fradenburgh et al. 1973] [Franklin and Stortz 1993] [Freeman and Newsom 1966] [Freuler and Hoffmann 1977] [Fry et al. 1966a] [Fry et al. 1966b] [Fry et al. 1966c] [Fry et al. 1967] [Fu et al. 2012] [Fuel Cell Demonstrator Aeroplane 2007] [Furusawa and Kitamura 2020] [Gao et al. 2021c] [Gao et al. 2021e] [Garren et al. 1969] [Gentry and Margason 1967] [Gerdes 1981] [Ghoreishi and Vermeire 2023] [Goldschmidt and Ukeiley 2025] [Goodyear Aerospace Corp Akron Oh 1958] [Gracey 1967] [Graham and Bhandari 2022] [Grant and Lee 2007] [Grantham and Nguyen 1977] [Gray and Biermann 1941] [Green and Oh 2006] [Gregory and McCrink 2016] [Grunnet 1971] [Grunwald 1964] [Guerreiro and Hubbard 2008] [Gundry 1977] [Güner et al. 2021] [Gustafson et al. 1960] [Technology et al. 2025] [Hajiyev et al. 2015b] [Hall et al. 1967b] [Hamel 2017] [Hardy and Matthews 1968] [Hariharan 2020] [Hariharan et al. 2014] [Heyson and Grunwald 1966] [Hartman 2019] [Hays and Schultz 2025] [Hebbar et al. 1999b] [Heintzman 1965] [Henriksson and Breitholtz] [Hewes and Hassell 1960] [Heyson 1969a] [Heyson 1969b] [Heyson 1970] [Heyson 1971] [Heyson 1974] [Heyson 1978] [Hickey and Kirk 1966] [Hiers et al. 2004] [Hill et al. 1982a] [Hinton and Eastlake] [Hockman and Eisiminger 1948] [Hoe et al. 2012] [Hollingsworth et al. 1977] [Holzhauser et al. 1971] [Holzhauser et al. 1972] [Hon et al. 2022] [Hong and Curtiss 1994] [Hoshu et al. 2022] [Hosman and van der Vaart 1985] [Hosman and van der Vaart 1986] [Hrishikeshavan et al. 2013] [Hrishikeshavan et al. 2015] [Hsieh 1979] [Huang et al. 2026b] [Hughes and Wernicke 1974] [Huston and Winston 1969] [Huston et al. 1963] [Harasani 2015] [Ide and Landman 2025] [Vigouroux et al. 2013] [In-Flight Thrust Determination] [Incorporating Agility Flight Test 1994] [Integrated Flight Instruments and] [Introduction to Stability 2003] [Ishola et al. 2024] [Ivler et al. 2019a] [Ivler et al. 2019b] [Ivler et al. 2021] [Jansen 1982] [Jansen 1988] [Jet Thrust Measurement 2003] [Jia et al. 2021] [Jiang et al. 2025b] [Jiao and Yang 2026] [Johnson 1959] [Johnson and White 1983] [Jonkers and Mulder 1976] [Joppa 1966] [Joppa 1968a] [Joppa 1968b] [Joppa 1969] [Joppa and Parikh 1984] [Joppa and Shindo 1965] [Jouannet et al. 2012] [Kahn 1968] [Kaletka and Fu 1993] [Kang and Kwon 2001] [Kang et al. 2024a] [Kanistras et al. 2015] [Keller et al. 2026] [Kelly 1972] [Kelly 1973] [Kelly and Jemcov 2019] [Kelly et al. 1970] [Keçeci and Oktal 2026] [Kharchenko et al. 2017] [Kieß et al. 2026] [Kim and Benedict 2026] [Kimberlin 2003] [Kirby and Parlett 1964] [Kirk et al. 2022] [Klinar and Craig 1961a] [Koenig 1984] [Kohlman 1977] [Koning 2018] [Koratkar and Chopra 2001] [Kotarski et al. 2017] [Kraft 1974] [Król and Gołaszewski 2011] [Kubo 2018] [Kubo et al. 2009] [Kurosaki 1978] [Kwon and Yang 2026] [Lai and Le Tri 2017] [Lange 1945] [Lateral-Directional Stability Theory 2003] [Lau et al. 2009] [Lavi 1966] [Lebacqz 1974] [Lee et al. 2022b] [Letalenet and Morin 2020] [Level Flight Performance Flight 2003] [Li et al. 2023a] [Lind and Beck 1991] [Linnell 1963] [Livingston 1965] [Lizak 1960] [Lo 1970] [Lockheed-California Co Burbank 1964] [Londono and Leonhardt 2012] [Long 1968] [Longitudinal Control and Trim 2003] [Lovell and Parlett 1957b] [Maine et al. 1994] [Manning, E et al. 1995] [Margason 1981] [Margason 1982] [Marino 2001] [Mason 2013] [Matt and Altamirano 2025] [Matt and Altamirano 2026] [Gladfelter et al] [Gladfelter et al] [Mayfield et al. 2026] [McCormick et al. 1963] [McLaughlin] [McNally and Bach 1988] [McNeill et al. 1995] [McPherson 1977] [McSwain et al. 2017] [Mendela 1971] [Menhaj and Rajaei Salmasi 2000] [Methods for Reducing Data 2003] [Meyersburg 1968] [Michaels 1969] [Minor et al. 2004] [Mittal 2005] [Moen and Yenni 1975] [Moens and Gardarein 2001] [Monstein et al. 2019] [Moore and Newsom 1970] [Moralez et al. 1987] [Morelli 2021] [Morelli 2022] [Morris et al] [Morris et al. 1964] [Mort and Yaggy 1963] [Mumford et al. 2023] [Nangia 2009] [Newsom 1967] [Newsom 1970] [Niemiec et al. 2022] [Niessen 1969] [Niki Maleki et al. 2024] [Nugroho et al. 2022] [Olstad 1960] [Ong et al. 1998] [Ouellette et al. 2014] [Owen and Cox 1966] [Paglino and Beno 1971] [Painter and Erickson 1984] [Pan et al. 2026] [Paris and Alaverdi 2005] [Paris and Bonner 2004] [Parker and Heltsley 1972] [Parlett 1961b] [Pasupuleti et al. 2025] [Pattinson et al. 2013] [Paulson and Shanks 1961] [Paw] [Performance Evaluation by Flight 1995] [Perry et al. 2019] [Perry et al. 2023] [Pieper et al. 2018] [Pitkin 1943] [Platou 1968] [Pollini et al. 2014] [Portapas 2025] [Position Estimation for Autonomous 2014] [Prasad et al. 2011] [Prats et al. 2015] [Prediction and Verification 1985] [Propeller/Propfan In-Flight Thrust Determination] [Pruner and Reynolds 1971] [Pugliese and Englar 1979] [Qu et al. 2016] [Quigley 1964] [Quigley and Holzhauser 1974] [Wickens and Nguyen 1991] [Raab 2026] [Rae and Shindo 1969] [Rahman and Whidborne 2009] [Ramachandran and Wells 1974] [Reader 1976] [Reeder 1964] [Reynolds and Pruner 1972] [Reynolds et al. 2003] [Rhodes 1969] [Richards and Dismukes 1982] [Riddle et al. 1981] [Rimmer 1952] [Ring and Henriksson 2006] [Rizzi 2010] [Roberts et al. 1966] [Rolls 1965a] [Rooney and Wilt 1985] [Rosenberg and Schuch 1983] [Roskam et al. 1980] [Row and Fischel 1963] [Ruangwiset and Suwantragul 2008] [Ruiz-Sanchez 2016] [Runco and Benedict 2021] [Runco and Benedict 2023] [Russell and Conley 2020] [Sachs 1977] [Sandlin 1983] [Conley and Shirazi] [Sarker et al. 2026] [Sato and Satoh 2007] [Schierbrock and Takahashi 2021] [Schumacher 1952] [Seanor] [Shao et al. 2024] [Sheng and Zhao 2025] [Shepheard 1965] [Shim et al. 2023] [Simmons 2022b] [Simmons 2023b] [Simmons and Busan 2024] [Simmons et al. 2023b] [Simmons et al. 2025a] [Simmons et al. 2026] [Simpson 1972] [Simpson 1979] [Sims and Kimberlin 1995] [Sinacori 1970b] [Sinacori 1970a] [Sirigireddy and Ahner 2026] [Sleeman and Byrnes 1953] [Sleeman and Morrison 1953] [Smith 1959] [Smith 1961a] [Smith and Parsons 1970] [Sobron 2018] [Sobron et al. 2021] [Sobrón Rueda 2021] [Soltmann and Hall 2017] [Spencer and He 2025] [Spitzer et al. 1972] [Srinathkumar et al. 1995] [Srivathsan and Rauleder 2023a] [Srivathsan and Rauleder 2023b] [Srivathsan and Rauleder 2024] [Stark 2003] [Static Longitudinal Stability Flight 2003] [Stereopsis Cueing Effects 1989] [Stolarik 2007] [Stone et al. 1975] [Stratton et al. 2023] [Stroub et al. 1986] [Sunil] [Surmann et al. 2022] [Sutton et al. 1982] [Swanson 1943] [System in-Flight Testing 2010] [Szafranski et al. 2014] [Tagade et al. 2010] [Takagi and Inumaru 1967] [Terceiro 1976] [Thibault 1964] [Thomas 1967] [Thomas et al. 2012] [Time-Dependent In-Flight Thrust Determination] [Tischler 2018] [Toha et al. 2015] [Tomaine et al. 1978] [Trainelli and Rolando 2011] [Traub et al. 2006] [Ulbrich 2010] [Uncertainty of In-Flight Thrust] [V/STOL Flight Simulation 1979] [Vagianos and Rooney 1964] [VanLandingham et al. 2025] [Vogler 1970] [Vos 2019c] [Walter and Agnihotri 1970] [Wang et al. 2008] [Wang et al. 2016c] [Wang et al. 2024d] [Wang et al. 2025c] [Wang et al. 2026d] [Warsop and Crowther 2019] [Webb et al. 1979] [Wei et al. 2017b] [Wei et al. 2021b] [Wei et al. 2024] [Weiberg and Holzhauser 1961b] [Welge and Crowder 1978] [White 1963] [Whitfield and Jameson 1983] [Whitfield and Jameson 1984] [Whittley and Koenig 1980] [Widmayer and Tomassoni 1971] [Wilcox and Quigley 1978] [Wilkin Perry 1943] [Williams and Butler 1964] [Wingrove 1972] [Winston 1969a] [Winston 1969b] [Wood 1972] [Woolf 2012] [Wright 1968] [Wroblewski and Ansell 2020] [Yamato et al. 1988] [Yan Zhou et al. 2018] [Yang and Zhuang 2000] [Yang et al. 2022a] [Yin et al. 2023] [Ying et al. 2015] [Yoo and Hong 2015] [Yu et al. 2021] [Zafi and Chakraborty 2023] [Zeyada and Hess 2003] [Zha and Ren 2023] [Zhang et al. 2025b] [Zhao and Sheng 2025] [Zhao et al. 2019] [Zheng et al. 2024] [Zosimovych 2022]
Propeller slipstream, rotors and distributed propulsion
The slipstream the X-13 did not have. Propeller and wing interaction, the slipstream and its deflection, rotor and propeller aerodynamics and wakes, ducted and lift fans, and distributed electric propulsion. 160 titles name the slipstream or the interaction of propeller and wing, and 62 name distributed propulsion, none of them before 2015, which dates the change the review describes, from a slipstream fixed by the configuration to one the designer distributes along the span.
520 records. [Adamson 1968] [Aerodynamic Design of Low-Speed 1986] [Aerodynamics in the Age 1997] [Agostinelli et al. 2013] [Agostinelli et al. 2015] [Ahmed and Raghav 2024] [Akshat Deshpande and Shyamkant Limaye 2016] [Akturk and Camci 2022] [Akturk and Camcı 2014] [Alba et al. 2017] [Alba et al. 2018] [Ali et al. 2025] [Alvarez-Munoz et al. 2019] [Aminaei et al. 2018] [Arace et al. 2026] [Aref et al. 2018] [Auer et al. 1971] [Autonomous Positioning and Control 2021] [Bagdai 2025] [Ballano Martinez et al. 2025] [Barakos 2023] [Bardera et al. 2020] [Barufaldi and Morales 2023] [Beck et al. 2014] [Beck et al. 2015] [Beeler 1965] [Bell Aerospace Co Buffalo Ny 1956] [Bencze et al. 1978] [Bendarkar et al. 2021] [General Electric Co Cincinnati Oh 1964] [Healy et al. 2022] [Lei and Zhao 2023] [Magee et al. 1975] [Maldonado et al. 2021] [Ni and Lee 2025] [Russo et al. 2023] [Shen et al. 2026] [Simmons] [Benzaid et al. 2016] [Berlin et al. 2025] [Bershadsky et al. 2016] [Biber 2005] [Biber 2011] [Biber 2016] [Biggers and Linden 1985] [Biggers et al. 1966] [Birckelbaw et al. 1995] [Bird 1970] [Blaurock and Lammers 1988] [Bohari et al. 2019] [Bondyra et al. 2018] [Borst 1978] [Bouquet and Vos 2017] [Bousquet 1986] [Bousquet and Gardarein 2000] [Bouzid et al. 2017] [Brand et al. 1990] [Brogan et al. 1961] [Brown 1965] [Brown and Fisher 1968] [Bucherelli et al. 2025] [Burgers 1995] [Butler et al. 1966] [Bölk et al. 2021] [Cai et al. 2024b] [Cao et al. 2023] [Caprace et al. 2022] [Castles et al. 1960] [Catalano and Stollery 1993] [Cavage 1975] [Chae et al. 2022] [Chahba] [Chang et al. 2022a] [Chauhan and Martins 2020a] [Chauhan and Martins 2021] [Cheatham and Creason 1983] [Chen 1980] [Chen and Yang 2022] [Chen et al. 2016b] [Chen et al. 2024b] [Chen et al. 2025c] [Cheng 1995] [Cheng et al. 2023] [Chiaramonte et al. 1996] [Chinwicharnam and Thipyopas 2016] [Chiocchia and Pignataro 1995] [Cho and Cho 1999] [Cho and Williams 1990] [Choi et al. 2022a] [Chu and Berman 2025] [Chu et al. 2021] [Clark and Landgrebe 1971] [Clark and Valarezo 1990] [Clark et al. 1963] [Clarke 2010] [Cole et al. 2017] [Comunian et al. 2026] [Comunian et al. 2025] [Conceptual Design 1973] [Cook and Hickey 1967] [Coward 1955] [Crimi 1965] [Crouse and Leishman 1993] [Cui et al. 2019] [Cunningham et al. 2022] [Curtiss and Howard C. 1969] [Cusati et al. 2023] [Czinczenheim 1977] [D’Angelo et al. 2022] [Dagur et al. 2020] [Daniel and Hendrick 2023] [Darvishpoor et al. 2020] [North et al] [Davis et al. 1961] [DE Decker 1966] [De Giorgi et al. 2017] [de Vries and Vos 2022] [de Vries and Vos 2023] [de Vries et al. 2019a] [de Vries et al. 2019b] [Deckert and Rolls 1974] [Deere et al. 2017] [Delansnay et al. 2021] [Desopper 1985] [Dickinson et al. 1971] [Diedrich 1975] [Do 2014a] [Doan 2023] [Dorange et al. 2024] [Duan et al. 2012] [Duan et al. 2024] [Ducted Fans for Vertical 1960] [Dugan et al. 1971] [Duivenvoorden et al. 2022] [Duivenvoorden et al. 2025] [Duivenvoorden et al. 2026] [Dyke 1963] [Dziubiński and Klimczyk 2026] [Qin et al. 1998] [Edenborough et al. 1972] [Eldridge et al. 1973] [Ellis 1966] [Elsaadawy and Britcher 2000] [Elsaadawy and Britcher 2002] [Elsaadawy and Britcher 2004] [Empey and Nahon 2022] [Erginer and Altug 2007] [Erhard and Alonso 2022] [Erhard and Alonso 2024b] [Erhard and Alonso 2024a] [Erhard et al. 2021] [Erickson and John C. 1969] [Erickson et al. 1965] [Escareno et al. 2008] [Escareno et al. 2013] [Fard et al. 2022] [Fardin et al. 2026] [Fattahi Massoum and Liu 2026] [Favier et al. 1988] [Favier et al. 1991] [Feddersen and Cea 1977] [Fei 2019] [Fei and Peters 2013] [Felli 2020] [Ferrari 1937] [Ferraro et al. 2014] [Fink 1969] [Fradenburgh and Kefford 1976] [Franke and Weinig 1939] [Fratello et al. 1991] [Fry 1967] [Funk and Komerath 1995] [Furusawa et al. 2024a] [Furusawa et al. 2024b] [Tauber et al. 1976] [Berend 2020] [Gabriele 1991] [Gallani et al. 2020] [Garcia-Nieto et al. 2019] [Ga̧sior et al 2018] [General Electric Co Cincinnati Oh 1962] [Gentry et al. 1966] [Gentry et al. 1994] [Giles 1987] [Giles 1988] [Gogidze et al. 2023] [Goland et al. 1964] [Goldsmith and Hickey 1963a] [Goldsmith and Hickey 1963b] [Gonçalves and da Silva 2025] [Goodson and Yaggy 1960] [Grafton and Newsom 1971a] [Grafton and Newsom 1971b] [De Gregorio et al. 2024] [Gress 2003a] [Gress 2007] [Griffin 1983] [Hall et al. 1967a] [Hall et al. 1971] [Ham 1986] [Hamlin and Spenceley 1946] [Hammer et al. 2026] [Hammond and Margason 1964] [Hatfield et al. 2021] [Hawkswell et al. 2022] [Hayama et al. 2024] [Hayama et al. 2025] [Hayes et al. 1958] [Herfray and Nahon 2024] [Herisanu and Marinca 2020] [Hermes and Wood 1969] [Herzog et al. 2021] [Heyson 1980] [Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca 1965b] [Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca 1965a] [Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca 1965d] [Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca 1965c] [Hohenemser and Johnson 1969] [Hohenemser et al. 1969] [Howard and Miley 1989] [Howard et al. 1985b] [Howard et al. 1985a] [Huang et al. 2018] [Hummel et al. 2026] [Hunsaker and Snyder 2006] [Ignatkin et al. 2021] [Ikami et al. 2019] [Ikami et al. 2021] [Ikami et al. 2022] [Iwabe et al. 2011] [Jadidi et al. 2026] [JanakiRam 1980] [Janakiram and Scruggs 1981] [Jiang et al. 2015] [Jiang et al. 2024b] [Jiang et al. 2025c] [Johnson et al. 1991] [Kaballo and Arogeti 2024] [Kasten 1986] [Katzenberger 1967] [Katzoff 1940] [Keller and Rudnik 2018] [Khan and Nahon 2014] [Khan and Nahon 2015] [Khan et al. 2013] [Kim and Jo 2024] [Kim and Komerath 1993] [Kim and Komerath 1995] [Kim and Park 2025] [Kim et al. 2001] [Kim et al. 2014a] [Kim et al. 2018] [Kim et al. 2025c] [Kink 1967] [Kirby 1956a] [Kirby 1957] [Kirby 1960a] [Kirby 1961] [Klemstein and Liu 1972] [Klunk and Freeman 2018] [Knight et al. 1973] [Ko and Lee 2023] [Koch 2026] [Komerath et al. 1993] [Kondor and Moore 2005] [Kondor et al. 2003] [Kou et al. 2023] [Kuhn 1957] [Kuhn 1959] [Kuijvenhoven 1990] [Kumar et al. 2024b] [Kurane et al. 2018] [Lan 1975] [Lan et al. 2026] [Landgrebe 1969] [Laskaridis 2015] [Laskowitz 1961] [Lee and Kim 2024b] [Lee et al. 2021] [Leishman 2010] [Lenfers et al. 2017] [Lewis et al. 2023] [Li and Da Ronch 2026] [Li et al. 2019a] [Li et al. 2024g] [Li et al. 2025f] [Li et al. 2026d] [Liao et al. 2010] [Lieblein 1970b] [Lieblein 1970a] [Lieblein and Stockman 1969] [Lindner et al. 2024] [Liu 2023] [Lombaerts et al. 2020] [Love 2022] [Low-Speed Aerodynamics 1991] [Ma et al. 2020] [MacNeill and Verstraete 2018] [Makeev 2026a] [Makino and Nagai 2014] [Manca et al. 2023] [Marretta 1997] [Winston and Huston 1962] [Matveev et al. 2023] [McCormick 1956b] [McKinney and Newsom 1967] [McKinney and Newsom 1968] [McKinney et al. 1966] [Meng et al. 2023a] [Merola et al. 2024] [Merrick 1977] [Metcalfe 1985] [Michel et al. 2022] [Mikhalyov et al. 2019] [Milenković-Babić 2018] [Miley et al. 1985] [Miley et al. 1986] [Miley et al. 1988] [Mishra and Joshi 2024] [Ali et al. 2024b] [Mohamed and Nabawy 2026] [Mohite and Awate 2026] [Moody et al. 2019] [Moore and Ning 2019] [Morillo and Peters 2002] [Morris et al. 1979] [Morris et al. 1980b] [Morris et al. 1980a] [Mu and Chirarattananon 2020] [Multi-Rotors 2015] [Murnieks et al. 2024a] [Murnieks et al. 2024b] [Musoles et al. 2024] [Nagabhushan 1983] [Nakamura et al. 2025] [Nangia and Palmer 2001] [Narain 1983] [Nargi et al. 2018] [Nelson 1956] [Nelson 1959] [Nguyen and Xiong 2026] [Nigro et al. 2019] [Zawodny et al] [Niro et al. 2024] [Nishida et al. 1991] [Niwa and Sugiura 1987] [Niwa et al. 1989] [Ohman et al. 1995] [Okawa et al. 2023] [Olcer 2015] [Olcott 2016] [Omair Alhatim 2026] [Pantel] [Papathakis] [Papathakis et al. 2017] [Parlett 1961a] [Patel and Dave 2020] [Patil and Navrátil 2024] [Peri and Mishra 2026] [Perry et al. 2021] [Phillips 2002] [Piccinini et al. 2020] [Pickles et al. 2018] [Piljek et al. 2020] [Plijter et al. 2025] [Poggi et al. 2024] [Popowski and Dąbrowski 2018] [Pour Razzaghi et al. 2026] [Prabhu and Tiwari 1983] [Prabhu et al. 1985] [Przedpelski 1965] [Purser and Spear 1946] [Qian et al. 2023] [Quackenbush 1987] [Quaranta] [Ralston and Hultburg 2010] [Ramasamy and Leishman 2006] [Rau and Greenwood 2022] [Rauhut and Slingerland 2003] [Redkin et al. 2020] [Ren and Liu 2022] [Renooij and Slingerland 2004] [Reveles et al. 2020] [Rezaei et al. 2023] [Ribner 1944] [Richardson 1970] [Richardson and Liiva 1970] [Rinehart 1970] [Rizk 1980a] [Rizk 1980b] [Rizk 1981] [Roberts 1964b] [Roelke and Zigan 1972] [Roosenboom and Schröder 2009] [Roosenboom et al. 2007] [Roosenboom et al. 2009a] [Roosenboom et al. 2009b] [Roosenboom et al. 2010] [Rotor in Vertical Flight 2011] [Rotorcraft Aerodynamic 2002] [Rumph et al. 1942] [Sadoway and Ghaemi 2026] [Sambell 1971] [Sambell 1972] [Conley et al] [Satria Palar et al. 2024] [Savino and Zanotti 2025] [Schneider and Wilkerson 1990a] [Schneider and Wilkerson 1990b] [Schouten 1982] [Schouten 1993] [Schouten 1999] [Schrage et al. 2018a] [Schroijen and Slingerland 2007] [Schröter et al. 2023] [Schöne 1988] [Scully 2018] [Seibert and Lewis 2005] [Selig 2010] [Sellappan et al. 2025] [Sellers et al. 1977] [Senkul and Altug 2013] [Sha et al. 2025] [Shankar et al. 2021] [Shao et al. 2025] [Sharma et al. 2025b] [Sharpe and Agarwal 2019] [Shastry et al. 2018] [Shi et al. 2019] [Shi et al. 2021] [Shi et al. 2024b] [Shruti and Sivapragasam 2021] [Sinacori and Lange 1961] [Song et al. 2024c] [Song et al. 2026a] [Sowyrda 1961] [Sparks and Miley 1983] [Spreemann 1957] [Spreemann 1958] [Spreemann and Kuhn 1956] [Stengel et al. 1977] [Stockman 1970] [Stokkermans et al. 2021] [Strash et al. 1998] [Stroub 1986] [Stuper 1938] [Sullivan 1973] [Sun et al. 2026] [Suzuki et al. 2019] [Swift and Bartel 1989] [Taboada et al. 2018] [Takahashi et al. 2014] [Takallu and Gentry 1992] [Tamayo et al. 2018] [Taniguchi and Oyama 2022] [Teodosio et al. 2024] [Theodorsen 1960] [Theodorsen and Nomicos 1961] [Thomas and Malone 2023] [Throneberry et al. 2021a] [Throneberry et al. 2021b] [Tischler 1987] [Aagren et al] [Traum 2011] [Trenka 1966] [Turner and Drinkwater 1963] [Van Den Borne and Van Hengst 1990] [van der Wall 2024] [Vasilescu 2006] [Vechtel and Buch 2022] [Vidal et al. 1960] [Viken et al. 2017] [Vlasov and Ovdienko 2020] [Vogeley 1951] [Walz 1976] [Wang and Lee 2025] [Wang and Lee 2026] [Wang et al. 2019b] [Wang et al. 2021a] [Wang et al. 2023c] [Wang et al. 2025h] [Warsett 1955] [Watson et al. 2019] [Weir 1986] [Welge et al. 1981] [Wenren and Steinhoff 2009] [West 1969] [Whitt and Gandhi 2023] [Williams and Ybarra 1981b] [Williams and Ybarra 1981a] [Witkowski et al. 1989] [Wolkovitch and Hoffman 1971] [Xia et al. 2013] [Xu et al. 2022b] [Xue and Zhou 2020b] [Xue and Zhou 2020a] [Yackle 1969] [Yan 2025] [Yan et al. 2023b] [Yan et al. 2024] [Yan et al. 2025] [Yeganehdoust et al. 2023] [Yemenici et al. 2010] [Young 2023] [Yuan 1969] [Yuan 1970] [Zabinsky et al. 1975] [Zalewski 2015] [Zanotti et al. 2024] [Zha 2023] [Zhang et al. 2010] [Zhang et al. 2022b] [Zhang et al. 2023a] [Zhao and Bil 2008] [Zheng and Merret 2023] [Zheng et al. 2025] [Zhou et al. 2019a] [Zhou et al. 2020a] [Zhu et al. 2024a] [Zizkovsky and Klesa 2019]
Spin, tumble and the delta wing at high incidence
Where a tail-sitter lives in the transition. Delta and other slender wings at high angle of attack, vortex lift and breakdown, wing rock, stall, departure and spin. 290 of its 516 titles name the delta wing. Of the 12 titles in the survey that name tumbling, 3 are the Langley spin-tunnel reports on the X-13, the XFY-1 and the XFV-1, which sit with their aircraft under vertical-attitude aircraft and the tail-sitter programmes.
516 records. [Abdelhamid and Kandil 1998] [Acher et al. 2021] [Aggarwal et al. 2021] [Ahmed and Worley 2008] [Ahmed and Zheng 2013] [Ahmed et al. 2024] [Aircraft Wing Rock 2010] [Airplane Spin Testing 2003] [Allan et al. 2003] [An Analysis of Gap 1981] [Ananda and Selig 2016] [Anderson 1979b] [Anderson 2004] [Anemaat et al. 2011] [Aoyagi and Tolhurst 1964] [Arena and Nelson 1989] [Arena and Nelson 1991] [Arthur et al. 1999] [Attar et al. 2006] [Attar et al. 2008] [Ayoub and McLachlan 1987] [Baer 2014] [Bagby 1963] [Bagheri and Danesh 2025] [Bagherzadeh 2026] [Baigang and Xuan 2022] [Bakaul et al. 2012] [Bakaul et al. 2014] [Bakaul et al. 2015a] [Bakaul et al. 2015b] [Banks 1988] [Bannink and Houtman 1993] [Bay and Kara 2026] [Beane 1953] [Ben-Gida and Gurka 2022] [Bennett et al. 2017] [Berman 1947b] [Berman 1947a] [Berman 1949b] [Berman 1949a] [Berman and Pumphrey 1950] [Bernardini et al. 2014] [Berry et al. 1979] [Beyers 1995] [Bihrle 1993] [Boelens 2009] [Boer and Cunningham 1990] [Borisov et al. 2025] [Boumrar and Ouibrahim 2011] [Bowman and Healy 1959a] [Bowman and Healy 1959b] [Bowman et al. 1978] [Bowman 1970] [Boyd and Fleeter 2002] [Bradley et al. 1973] [Bryant 1948] [Buchholz 1992] [Buchholz and Tso 1992] [Bunge et al. 2015] [Burk 1972] [Burk and Wilson 1975] [Burman et al. 2008] [Carafoli 1969a] [Carafoli 1969b] [Carine Viola Dsouza et al. 2015] [Catalano 2004] [Cebeci et al. 1993] [Celik and Roberts 1994] [Chaderjian 1992] [Chaderjian and Schiff 1993] [Chaderjian and Schiff 1994] [Chadrjian and Schiff 1995] [Chambers 1986] [Chana 2000] [Chevalier et al. 1974] [Chou] [Chou et al. 1981] [Chung et al. 2010] [Clark and Spurlin 1962] [Cobleigh 1994] [Coe and Weston 1978] [Cohen 1976] [Coplin 1965] [Coplin 1966] [Craig and Romani 1993] [Crichton et al. 2005] [Crippa and Rizzi 2006] [Cui et al. 1993] [Cummings et al. 2003] [Dantsker and Selig 2015] [Dantsker et al. 2017] [Dantsker et al. 2023] [Darden and Komerath 1995] [De Young 1965] [Deghat et al. 2016] [Del Frate 1992] [Delta-Wing Plane Design 1946] [Dhaigude et al. 2021] [Dias 2016] [Dias and Almeida 2013] [Dicarlo and Johnson 1979] [DiCarlo et al. 1981] [Dicarlo et al. 1992] [Diedrich 1971] [Dikbaş et al. 2025] [Dixon 2001] [Dong et al. 2019] [Dong et al. 2020] [Driver and Spearman 1961] [Durham 1994] [Durston and Schreiner 1983] [Dzanic and Martinelli 2019] [Eftekhari and Al-Obaidi 2019] [Ekaterinaris and Schiff 1990] [Elenin 2021] [Elsayed et al. 2007] [Er-El 1988] [Erickson 1980] [Erickson and Murri 1993] [Ericsson 1991] [Ericsson 1995a] [Ericsson 1995b] [Ericsson 1996a] [Ericsson 1996b] [Ericsson 1996c] [Ericsson 1997] [Ericsson 1998a] [Ericsson 1998b] [Ericsson 1999] [Ericsson 2000a] [Ericsson 2000b] [Ericsson 2002] [Ericsson 2003] [Ericsson and Beyers 2002] [Ericsson and Ericsson 1997a] [Ericsson and Ericsson 1997b] [Ericsson and King 1992] [Ericsson and Reding 1974] [Faure and Leogrande 2020] [Faure et al. 2019] [Feng et al. 2024] [Findlay et al. 1991] [Fornasier and Rizzi 1985] [Foss et al. 1965] [Fremaux et al. 1993] [Fremaux et al. 1995] [Friehmelt 2002] [Frith and Wood 2003] [Gad-El-Hak and Blackwelder 1986] [Geng et al. 2013] [Gera et al. 1981] [Ghaffari and Lamar 1985] [Ghee et al. 1999] [Giulianetti and Weiberg 1964] [Goertz 2003] [Goertz and Le Moigne 2003] [Goldthorpe et al. 2010] [Golmirzaee and Wood 2026] [Goman et al. 1992] [Goman et al. 1994] [Gopalarathnam and Segawa 2008] [Gordnier 1991] [Gordnier 1993] [Gordnier 1995] [Gordnier 1996] [Gordnier and Melville 1999] [Gordnier and Visbal 1993] [Gordnier and Visbal 2004] [Gordon 1990] [Grafton et al. 1982] [Greenwell and Wood 1993] [Grismer and Jenkins 1996] [Grismer and Nelson 1994] [Guglieri 2012] [Guillot and Gutmark 1999] [Gursul 1994] [Gursul 2004] [Gursul and Wang 2010] [Gursul and Yang 1994] [Guy et al. 2000] [Hahne 1985] [Hall et al. 1998] [Hanff and Huang 1991] [Hanff and Jenkins 1990] [Hartwich et al. 1988] [Hassan 2005] [Hassan 2006] [Hawk et al. 1990] [Healy 1958] [Hebbar et al. 1993] [Heinrich et al. 2022] [Hemsch and Luckring 1990] [Heron and Myose 2003] [Hess 1986] [Hiremath 2021] [Hirose et al. 2007] [Hoeijmakers and Rizzi 1984] [Hoeijmakers and Van Den Berg 1991] [Hoffler et al. 1986] [Hoffler et al. 1988] [Holway 1966] [Hong and Roberts 1995] [Hreha and Lutze 1983] [Hreha and Lutze 1984] [Hsiao et al. 1998] [Hsu and Liu 1988] [Hsu and Liu 1990] [Huang 2003] [Huang and Hanff 1992] [Huang et al. 1996] [Huang et al. 2026c] [Hultberg et al. 1988] [Hwang and Rho 1995] [Iliff 1980] [Iliff and Wang 1997a] [Jackson 2023] [Jarrah 1989] [Jin Song et al. 2012] [Johnson et al. 1980] [Jordan and Hahne 1992] [Jouannet and Krus 2002] [Jun and Nelson 1987] [Jupp et al. 1998] [Jupp et al. 1999] [Kaiden and Nakamura 2001] [Kandil and Chuang 1988] [Kandil and Chuang 1989] [Kandil and Salman 1992] [Karasu 2015] [Katz 1988] [Kawazoe and Kato 2005] [Kawazoe and Morita 2003] [Kellock and Miller 1971] [Kentfield 1992] [Kern 1992] [Khrabrov et al. 2004] [Kjelgaard et al. 1986] [Klinar 1947] [Klinar and Healy 1955] [Klute et al. 1996] [Kobayakawa et al. 1993] [Kok et al. 2017] [Konstadinopoulos et al. 1985] [Kostić et al. 2015] [KoÇAk and Yavuz 2023] [Kubo et al. 2010] [Kubota et al. 1993] [Kuhn and McKinney 1965] [Kumar et al. 2021a] [Lamont and Kennaugh 1991] [Larson 1984] [Lee 2005] [Lee and Batina 1991] [Lee and Kim 2004a] [Lee and Kim 2004b] [Lee and Marnineau-Mes 1996] [Lehmkuhl et al. 2020] [Lei and Zha 2021] [Leknys et al. 2018] [Lemay et al. 1988] [LeRoy et al. 2003] [Li and Polak 1966] [Li and Yang 2017a] [Li and Yang 2017b] [Li et al. 2020c] [Li et al. 2021b] [Liang et al. 2026b] [Lina and Moul 1965] [Longo 1994] [Longobardi et al. 2024] [Lowson and Riley 1994] [Ludin@ Jamaluddin et al 2014] [Luoma 1961] [Lyu et al. 2018b] [MacDougall 1947] [Magness et al. 1989] [Malcolm 1978] [Malcolm 1979] [Manar and Jones 2017] [Manor and Wentz 1985] [Manuel et al. 1989] [Manzoor et al. 2016] [Marchman 1981] [Marchman and Terry 1983] [Marchman et al. 1983] [Marconi 1987] [Margalit et al. 2005] [Mat et al. 2014] [Matsuno and Nakamura 2000] [Matsuno et al. 2011] [Maughmer et al. 1990] [May and Gutmark 2005] [McBreen et al. 2023] [McCormack and Gleason] [McKernan and Nelson 1983] [Mendenhall and Perkins 1996] [Mendenhall and Perkins 1999] [Meyer et al. 1989] [Milillo 1972] [Miller and Gile 1992] [Min et al. 2026] [Mitchell 2003] [Miyaji and Arasawa 2001] [Moeller and Rediniotis 2000] [Mohamed et al. 2022] [Mohankumar et al. 2021] [Mohankumar et al. 2022] [Moore et al. 1979] [Moreira and Johari 1995] [Morgado et al. 2016] [Morton 2003] [Morton et al. 1999] [Motyka 1975] [Muramatsu et al. 2005] [Murman et al. 1994] [Murri et al. 1983] [Myatt 1998] [Myatt and Myatt 1997] [Müller et al. 2012] [Nakamura et al. 1993] [Nawrocki 1995] [Nelson 1988] [Nematollahi et al. 2019] [New Delta-Wing Plane 1949] [Ng and Malcolm 1990] [Ng et al. 1989] [Ng et al. 1993] [Ng et al. 1994] [Nguyen et al. 1981] [Nguyen et al. 2016] [Nial 1972] [Numerical Investigation 1991] [Ogburn et al. 1992] [Oh and Tavella 1986] [Ormiston 1972] [Osa et al. 2018] [Ostroukhov and Chumakova 2019] [Otaka et al. 2001] [Ozgören et al. 2002] [Pamadi and Taylor 1982] [Pamadi et al. 1994] [Papadakis et al. 1992] [Park et al. 2017] [Pasquali et al. 2024] [Patten 1988] [Paul and Gopalarathnam 2012] [Pedreiro et al. 1998] [Pelletier and Nelson 1994] [Perrier 1993] [Petrilli et al. 2013] [Pfnür and Breitsamter 2019] [Planeaux and Barth 1988] [Polak and Li 1967] [Polhamus 1966] [Polhamus 1968] [Polhamus 1969] [Polhamus 1971] [Prediction of Vortex Breakdown 1994] [Prudnikov et al. 1993] [Pusztai et al. 2023] [Qu et al. 2026c] [Qu et al. 2026b] [Quinlan et al. 1996] [Raghavan and Ananthkrishnan 2005] [Ragheb et al. 2013] [Rajamurthy 2002] [Ransom 1983] [Rao 1979] [Rao 1980] [Rao 1989] [Rao 1992] [Rao and Bhat 1992] [Rao and Buter 1983] [Ray 1965] [Raymer 1991] [Rizzi and Purcell 1985] [Rizzi and Purcell 1987] [Robertson et al. 2014] [Robinson and Spearman 1961] [Rockwell 1993] [Rockwell 1994] [Rohith and Sinha 2020] [Rohlmann and Keye 2015] [Rom 1992] [Rom and Gordon 1988] [Roy 1966] [Rullan et al. 2006] [Sacks et al. 1963] [Saephan and van Dam 2006a] [Saephan and van Dam 2006b] [Saephan and Van Dam 2008] [Salehian et al. 2022] [Sarwar et al. 2024] [Sato et al. 1993] [Schaeffler and Telionis 1996] [Schaeffler and Telionis 1998] [Scher 1947] [Schoenstadt 1975] [Schuerch 1953] [Schuette and Ghoreyshi 2026] [Seidman and McAvoy 1940] [Sellars et al. 2002] [Seraj and Martins 2021] [Seraj and Martins 2022] [Setoguchi and Kanazaki 2020] [Sforza and Smorto 1980] [Shen and Chen 2024] [Shen and Qin 1986] [Shi et al. 2014] [Shigemi 1993] [Shojae et al. 2025] [Shumsky] [Shumsky 2006] [Shumsky 2010] [Sidorenko et al. 2009] [Sidorenko et al. 2013] [Siegel et al. 2001] [Siegel et al. 2002] [Simmons 2021] [Simon 1992] [Sirbaugh 1987] [Skow and Penke 1982] [Smith 1997a] [Snow et al. 1993] [Snyder 1947] [Sohn and Chung 2005] [Sohn and Lee 2002] [Sohn and Lee 2003] [Sohn et al. 2007] [Soltani et al. 1988] [Son et al. 2015] [Spencer 1962] [Squires 2002] [Stephen 1995] [Stoll and Koenig 1983] [Stoll and Minter 1981] [Stone and White 1948] [Stratton and Spyropoulos 2024] [Symposium on Advanced Flow 2001] [Syverud et al. 1993] [Tajuddin et al. 2025] [Tang et al. 2002] [Taylor and Gursul 2004] [Telionis 1990] [Teng et al. 2016] [Thomas and Lan 1991] [Thompson et al. 1990] [Tobak and Schiff 1974] [Tong et al. 1993] [Tousi et al. 2021] [Traub 2012] [Traub et al. 1998] [Tromp 1998] [Trussa et al. 2021] [Trussa et al. 2022] [Trussa et al. 2026] [Tsai et al. 1995] [Tu et al. 2019] [Ueno et al. 1998] [Uhlig and Selig 2017] [Vadyak and Schuster 1989] [Van Dyken et al. 1996] [Vardaki and Gursul 2004] [Vaughan and Wood 1995] [Verhaagen 1991] [Verhaagen 2000] [Verhaagen and Jobe 2001] [Verhaagen and Naarding 1988] [Verhaagen and Van Bossuyt 2006] [Verhaagen et al. 1996] [Vimal et al. 2020] [Visbal 1993a] [Visbal 1993b] [Visbal 1995] [Visbal and Gordnier 1994] [Visonneau and Guilmineau 2024] [Константиновская et al. 2025] [Viswanath and Patil 1994] [Walchli et al. 1992] [Wang and Xu 2004] [Wang et al. 2013] [Wang et al. 2023f] [Wang et al. 2025b] [Ward and Bennett 1974] [Wardlaw et al. 1975] [Washburn 1992] [Watry and Helin 1994] [Wei et al. 2017a] [Wentz 1972] [Whipple 1982] [Whipple and White 1984] [White 1947] [Wibowo et al. 2019] [Widing 1993] [Wong et al. 1993] [Wood and Roberts 1987] [Wu and Wu 1993] [Xiao et al. 2004] [Xin et al. 2019] [Xu and Deng 2014] [Yamada and Nakamura 2002] [Yaniktepe and Rockwell 2004] [Yip et al. 1991] [Yongxi Lyu et al. 2016] [Yoshinaga et al. 2004] [Zakir et al. 2024] [Zhang and Tang 2004] [Zhang et al. 2008a] [Zhang et al. 2015a] [Zhang et al. 2017b] [Zhang et al. 2019a] [Zhang et al. 2019g] [Zohar and Er-El 1988] [Zuccher and De Ponte 2007] [Zwerger et al. 2015] [Çetin et al. 2026]
Control power, handling qualities and the criteria
What adequate means, and who now decides it. Handling and flying qualities, control power requirements, pilot ratings and pilot-induced oscillation, the military specifications and the certification of vertical take-off aircraft. 93 titles name a vertical take-off, V/STOL or hovering aircraft and 23 an electric or urban air mobility aircraft, so the criteria the article borrows sit inside a much larger literature on conventional aircraft, and the regulatory turn the review describes is a small and recent part of it.
506 records. [A Comparative Study 2015] [Adams 1972] [Agrawal et al. 2024] [Aharrah and Lockenour 1969] [Aiken 1985] [Aiken et al. 1977] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1969] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1981] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1988c] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1988a] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1988b] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1989] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1990b] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1990a] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1990c] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1991a] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1991b] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1992b] [Aircraft Lateral-Directional Handling Qualities 2011] [Aircraft Longitudinal Handling Qualities 2011] [Alexander 2025a] [Alexander 2025b] [Alscher et al. 1966] [Altamirano et al. 2023] [Anderson 1960a] [Anderson 1960b] [Anderson 1966] [Anderson 1970] [Anderson 1979a] [Anderson 1984] [Anderson 1985] [Anderson and Foster 1984] [Anderson and Schroers 1972b] [Andreea-Irina and Achim 2014] [Antonakis 2025a] [Antonakis 2025b] [Arnold 1987] [Ashkenas 1965b] [Ashkenas 1965a] [Ashkenas 1965c] [Ashkenas 1969] [Ashkenas 1982] [Ashkenas 1984] [Atmospheric Disturbance Models 1981] [Bachelder and Aponso 2020a] [Bachelder and Aponso 2020b] [Bachelder et al. 2021] [Bachelder et al. 2023b] [Bachelder et al. 2023a] [Bagiev and Thomson 2009] [Bahr et al. 2021] [Bailes et al. 1975] [Bailey 1986] [Bailey 1990] [Bailey et al. 1987] [Bailey et al. 2009] [Baillie and Hoh 1986] [Balas and Hodgkinson 2009] [Balke 1970a] [Balke 1970b] [Barbini et al. 1970] [Barnes et al. 2025] [Baughman and Longeauay 2015] [Bechelder et al. 2025] [Berger et al. 2010] [Berger et al. 2025] [Berry 1981] [Berry 1986] [Berry and Powers 1970] [Bidinotto et al. 2021] [Biezad and Bole 2001] [Bingaman 2012] [Birckelbaw and Corliss 1992a] [Bischoff et al. 2003] [Bise and Black] [Bivens 1985] [Black 2009] [Black and Moorhouse 1979] [Black and Thomas] [Blackwell 1970] [Blanken and Pausder 1994] [Boeing Vertol Co Philadelphia Pa 1983] [Boothe et al. 1974] [Bowes and Miller 1976] [Breneman and Lower 1992] [Breul 1963] [Breul et al. 1985] [Brown 1970] [Bruel et al. 1967] [Camerano et al. 1963] [Campos and Marques 2021] [Cao and Qi 2018] [Cappetta 1993] [Cappetta and Johns 1990] [Carpenter and Jenny 1964] [Cathey 1979] [Chalk and Key 1969] [Chalk and Saunders 1969] [Chalk and Wilson 1968] [Chalk et al. 1969] [Chance Vought Corp Dallas Tx 1979] [Chevalier and Burke 1972] [Chiu] [Blanken and Whalley 1993] [Chowhan et al. 2019] [Citurs and Caton 1985] [Clark 1964] [Clark 1980] [Clark 1982] [Cleveland 1971] [Configuration Development and Flying 2021] [Cook 1997b] [Cook 2007b] [Cook 2013b] [Cooke 2010] [Cord 1981] [Cord 1994] [Corless and Blanken 1983] [Corliss 1982] [Corliss et al. 1983] [Cotting 2010] [Craig et al. 1978] [Crist and Symes 1981] [Crombie and Moorhouse 1980] [Cromwell and Koven 1965] [Crother et al. 1973] [Curry et al. 1965] [Curtiss 1971] [d and Menichetti 2000] [Dallas and Irvin 1956] [Daughaday and Duwaldt 1955] [Davenport et al. 1972] [Didomenico and Biezad 1985] [Difranco 1969] [Dobos-Bubno and Hartsook 1977] [Doman 1995] [Doman 1999] [Doman and Andrisani 1994] [Donmez et al. 2008] [Drewiacki et al. 2016] [Drinkwater and Rolls 1962] [Drinkwater et al. 1964] [Dussart et al. 2019] [Edwards et al. 1997] [Efremov et al. 1998] [Efremov et al. 2020a] [Efremov et al. 2022] [Egorov et al. 1997] [Eichler 1970] [Ema and Mizukura 1999] [Ema et al. 1997] [Eney 1967] [Eney 1968] [Eskey and Wilson 1986] [Fegely et al. 2017] [Ferreira Filho and Cardoso Júnior 2024] [Ferrell et al. 1974] [Flying Qualities 2003] [Flying Qualities and Flight 1998] [Flying Qualities 2007a] [Flying Qualities 2018] [Flying Qualities 2007b] [Flying Qualities 2007c] [Flying Qualities through Variable 2010] [Ford 1989a] [Fouda and Taha 2022] [Franklin 1970] [Franklin 1971] [Franklin 1993a] [Franklin 2000] [Franklin 2002] [Franklin and Miller 1967] [Freeman and Klunk 2018] [Frost et al. 2002] [Fuller and Moorhouse 1982] [Gallagher 1970] [Gallagher 1971] [Gao et al. 2021a] [Gao et al. 2021d] [Garren 1961] [Garren 1962] [Garren and Kelly 1965] [Gatley et al. 2006] [Gerken 1979] [Gertsen and Shomber 1965] [Gibson 1990] [Gilbreath and Markofski 2001] [Giles 1970] [Gillette et al. 1993] [Goldstein 1982] [Gorham 1977] [Goto 1998] [Gottschall et al. 2022] [Grant et al. 2015] [Gratton 2018] [Gray 1964] [Gray 2009] [Green 1988] [Griffin and Bellaire 1968] [Guerrero and Corliss 1991a] [Hall and Boothe 1972] [Hamidani and Kunz 2018] [Han and Liu 2026] [Handling Qualities 2000] [Handling Qualities Analysis 2008] [Lee 2017] [Handling Qualities Workshop 2009] [Harper and Robert P. 1955] [Harper and Sardanowsky 1969] [Harris and Black 1996] [Harris et al. 2000] [Helicopter Handling Qualities 1982] [Hess 1977] [Hess 1980] [Hess 1981] [Hess 1984] [Hess 1987] [Hess 2009] [Hess 2010] [Hess and Hess 1997] [Hess and Joyce 2013] [Hess et al. 1997] [Hindson et al. 1990] [Hirsch and McCormick 1965] [Hirsch and McCORMICK 1966] [Hodgkinson et al. 1990] [Hoffman 1969b] [Hoffman 1969a] [Hoffman 1969c] [Hoffman 1971] [Hoffman et al. 1970] [Hoh 1982] [Hoh 1988] [Hoh 1990] [Hoh and Ashkenas 1979] [Hoh and Ashkenas 1981] [Hoh and Mitchell 1983] [Hoh et al. 1981] [Holladay 1966] [Holzhauser et al. 1965] [Honaker 1987] [Huff 1949] [Hutchings 1977] [Iloputaife and Iloputaife 1997] [Innis et al. 1966] [Innocenti 1985] [Ioannis and Ioannis 2026] [Ionita 1996] [Franklin 1993b] [Jeram and Prasad 2003a] [Jeram and Prasad 2003b] [Ji et al. 2021] [Ji et al. 2022] [John 2022] [Johnston and Friend 1965] [Johnston and Hogge 1974] [Johnston et al. 1965] [Johnston et al. 1974] [Jones 2020] [Jones and Jusko 2022] [Jones et al. 2023] [Joshi and Rickard 1981] [Jusko et al. 2022] [Kanno and Katayanagi 1995] [Katayanagi 2001] [Katayanagi 2004] [Kempel 1971] [Kemper and Cotting 2016] [Kereliuk and Sinclair 1979] [Key 1971] [Key 1982] [Key et al. 1965] [Khan 2019] [Kidd and Bull 1963] [Kimball 1993] [Kish et al. 1996] [Kish et al. 1997a] [Kish et al. 1997b] [Kisslinger and Wendl 1971] [Klein et al. 2017] [Klyde et al. 1997] [Klyde et al. 2020a] [Klyde et al. 2020b] [Klyde et al. 2022] [Krekeler et al. 1990] [Kriechbaum and Lollar 1968] [Kriechbaum and Stineman 1971] [Lateral Control Power Rolling 2003] [Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities 2002b, Lateral-Directional Flying Qualit] [Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities 2002a, Lateral-Directional Flying Qualit 2] [Lawrence and Head 2024] [Lebacqz and Scott 1984] [Lebacqz et al. 1972] [Lebacqz et al. 1974] [Lee et al. 2026c] [Leggett and Cord 1994] [Lesiário and Hagström 2010] [Levi and Nelson 1963] [Levi and Nelson 1964] [Lewis et al. 1991] [Li et al. 2026b] [Liang et al. 2025a] [Lim et al. 2023] [Liu and Gao 2010] [Liu and Lone 2013] [Lollar and Kriechbaum 1968] [Longitudinal Flying Qualities 2002b, Longitudinal Flying Qualities in] [Longitudinal Flying Qualities 2002a, Longitudinal Flying Qualities in 2] [Lu and Jump 2014] [Lusardi 2023] [Ma and Liu 2025] [Malcom 1969] [Malpica and Lusardi 2013] [Malpica et al. 2015] [Mandal and Gu 2016] [Markofski and Bailey 1999] [Marr and Roderick 1974a] [Marr and Roderick 1974b] [Martin 1963a] [Martin 1963b] [McCormick 1969] [McGregor and Smith 1965] [McGREGOR and Smith 1966] [McKay 1994] [McKillip et al. 2025] [McKinney et al. 1964] [Meyer 1983] [Meyer and Husband 1990] [Miller 1969] [Miller 1970] [Miller and Clark 1965] [Miller and Vinje 1967] [Mitchell 2000] [Mitchell and Hoh 1982] [Mitchell and Hoh 1983] [Mitchell and Hoh 1984] [Mitchell and Klyde 2008] [Mitchell et al] [Mitchell et al. 1987] [Mitchell et al. 1991] [Mitchell et al. 1995] [Mitchell et al. 2003] [Miyajima 1969] [Moennich and Dalldorff 1993] [Momiyama 1977] [Mooij 1985a] [Mooij 1985b] [Mooij 1985c] [Moorhouse 1979] [Moorhouse 1995] [Moorhouse et al. 1989] [Moralez et al. 2006] [Nagy and Kirsten 1976] [Neal and Smith 1970b] [Neal and Smith 1970a] [Neighbor and Wiler 1978] [Nettleton 1965] [Newell 1963] [Newton and Kroo 2023] [Newton and Kroo 2024] [Newton and Kroo 2025] [Nguyen and Cord 1999] [Nguyen et al. 1997] [Nguyen et al. 2021] [Oliva 2000] [Padfield and Lu 2022] [Page and Gillette 1994] [Darmstadt et al] [Pauli et al. 1974] [Pedrioli et al. 2024] [Perhinschi 1998] [Perry and Schneider 1984] [Peterson and Grant 2011] [Phillips 1988] [Place et al. 1974] [Pleffken et al. 2024] [Pleffken et al. 2026] [Portapas and Cooke 2020] [Powers 1980] [Powers 1982] [Quan 2013] [Radford and Andrisani 1980] [Radford and Andrisani 1984] [Ransone 1971] [Raol and Singh 2023] [Reeder 1960] [Repperger et al. 1997] [Reschak 1970] [Rhoads 1967] [Riccardi et al. 2025] [Riccius 1984] [Riley and Drajeske 1991] [Riley and Wilson 1990] [Ritter et al. 1971] [Huston and Ward 1966] [Rodchenko et al. 2003] [Rohling 1968] [Rohling 1969] [Rotorcraft Handling Qualities Design 2011] [Rudolph 1972] [Rylko et al. 2025] [Rynaski 1985] [Rynaski 1994] [Rynaski et al. 1986] [Ryu and Andrisani 2000a] [Ryu and Andrisani 2000b] [Sachs 1990] [Saetti and Rogers 2020] [Saetti and Rogers 2024] [Saetti et al. 2020] [Saucez] [Schaeffler et al. 1967] [Schroeder and Chung 2000] [Schroeder et al. 1998] [Schuler 1983] [Shafer et al. 1983] [Shomber and Gertsen 1967] [Shubert and Jones 2025] [Consulting et al. 2025] [Shubert et al. 2026] [Shweyk and Weltz 2005] [Silva] [Silva-Martinez et al. 2015] [Siwakosit et al. 2000] [Smit et al. 2022] [Smith 1966] [Smith 1977] [Smith 1982] [Smith 1986] [Smith 2023] [Smith 2025] [Smith and Geddes 1979] [Solies 1995] [Parvaz Afraz Hava Sanat et al. 2023] [Srinathkumar 2011] [Stability Control and Handling 2024] [Stapleford et al. 1974] [Stengel 1981] [Stengel 1985] [Stevens and Roskam 1985] [Stinton 1987] [Stough et al. 1987] [Strand and Ennis 2012] [Suchomel 1987] [Swaim 1970] [Swaim 1978] [Swaim 1981] [Swaim and Poopaka 1982] [Swaim and Yen 1979] [Sykes et al. 2025] [Tanaka 1981] [Tapscott 1960b] [Tapscott 1960a] [Tapscott 1960c] [Tapscott 1960d] [Tapscott 1964] [Teofilatto 2001] [Tischler and Hoh 1982] [Tohidi et al. 2018] [Tomczyk 2001] [Tomczyk 2002] [Tomczyk 2008] [Tran et al. 2017] [Tuck 1970] [Umapathy et al. 2021] [Van Dam et al. 1980] [van Gool 1982] [van Overeem et al. 2023] [Vinje 1973] [Vinje and Miller 1973] [Walsh 1993] [Wang and Chen 2024] [Wang et al. 2012] [Wang et al. 2021b] [Wang et al. 2025f] [Wei 1985] [Wei 2020] [Welter 1966] [Weltz et al. 2007] [Westbrook 1964] [Westbrook 1965] [Whitbeck and Hofmann 1978] [White and Innis 1959] [Wilhelm and Schafranek 1986] [Willebeek-LeMair and Rhinehart 2023] [Wilson and Riley 1989] [Wilson et al. 1990] [Wilson et al. 1993] [Witte et al. 2003] [Woodcock and Browne 1986] [Xie et al. 2023] [Xu and Zhang 2024] [Xu et al. 2019c] [Yin and Wang 2017] [Yin et al. 2019a] [Yomchinda et al. 2009] [Yu and Liu 2013] [Zanoni et al. 2022a] [Zaytseva et al. 2021] [Zeyada et al. 1998] [Zeyada et al. 1999] [Zhang and Li 2016] [Zhang et al. 2017c] [Zhou et al. 2012] [Ziakkas 2026] [Ünen and Yıldız 2025]
Autonomous landing, moving platforms and recovery
The visual task, solved by deleting the viewer. Autonomous and vision-guided landing, landing on ships and moving vehicles, shipboard guidance for vertical take-off aircraft and the recovery of drones. 292 of its 442 titles name an uncrewed aircraft and 170 a moving, mobile or shipboard platform, which is the X-13’s trailer problem in its modern form.
442 records. [Ariante et al. 2022] [Burlion and Kolmanovsky 2020] [Craig and Heffley 1973] [Di et al. 2022] [Grzes et al. 2019] [Huang et al. 2019a] [Jung and Kim 2024] [Ling 1970] [Lungu et al. 2022] [Ma et al. 2025a] [Nikhil and Anbarasu 2024] [A Quadrotor UAV Navigational 2015] [Abdelkhalek and Bayezit 2026] [Abdelwahab et al. 2026] [Aboumrad et al. 2020] [Abulkassov et al. 2026] [Acuna et al. 2018] [Ahmad 2026] [Aikins et al. 2024] [Ajmera et al. 2015] [Akagi et al. 2024] [Akash and Anbarasu 2025] [Alarcon et al. 2015] [Alijani and Osman 2020] [Almeshal and Alenezi 2018] [Alsaayed and Noura 2025] [Alshbatat 2021] [Amarnath and D’Souza 2026] [Amirgaliyeva et al. 2025] [An et al. 2023] [Angarita et al. 2026] [Anikin and Saveliev 2025] [Anitha and Kumar 2012] [K.А. 2025] [Araar et al. 2016] [Avionics 1969a] [Avionics 1969b] [Badakis et al. 2021] [Baidya and Jeong 2024] [Banik et al. 2025] [Basak and Datta 2026] [Basescu et al. 2023] [Batool et al. 2025] [Beaulieu et al. 2007] [Bezzaoucha et al. 2017] [Bicer et al. 2019] [Blachut et al. 2020] [Błachut et al. 2020] [Blanchard 1981] [Bodson and Athans 1985] [Borshchova and O’Young 2017a] [Borshchova and O’Young 2017b] [Branco et al. 2025] [Britcher et al. 2025] [Brown et al. 2025] [Bu et al. 2016] [Buckland 1980] [Buffum et al. 1974] [Bykov and Parnenkov 2020] [Byun et al. 2025] [Cabrera-Ponce and Martinez-Carranza 2017] [Cantelli et al. 2017] [Cao et al. 2021a] [Cao et al. 2025] [Cengiz and Ucun 2022] [Chamitoff 1994] [Chamitoff 1995] [Chandra and Ghosh 2019] [Chang et al. 2021] [Chang et al. 2022c] [Chatzikalymnios and Moustakas 2021] [Chavez et al. 2017] [Chen 2018] [Chen et al. 2016c] [Chen et al. 2020] [Chen et al. 2023b] [Chiang et al. 2025] [Chickmagalur et al. 2026] [Chitrakaran et al. 2005] [Computer Vision-Based Approach 2025] [Cook 1964] [Craig 1961] [Cruz and Shoukry 2023] [Cui et al. 2021b] [Cui et al. 2023a] [Cunis] [Daffer and Gebhardt 1974] [Dalai et al. 2025] [Daquan and Hongyue 2007] [de Paula et al. 2026] [Deghat and Lampiri 2017] [Deniz et al. 2023] [Desaraju et al. 2015] [Syuy 2024] [Dickmanns and Schell] [Ding et al. 2016] [Dingari et al. 2025] [Disa and Nair 2023] [胡 et al. 2022] [Drinkwater and Rolls 1963] [Drinkwater et al. 1963] [Elumalai et al. 2025] [Evaluation of the Navigation 1979] [Falanga et al. 2017] [Feng et al. 2013] [Feng et al. 2018] [Fenwick 1966b] [Fenwick 1967] [Ferrier et al. 2006] [Ferrier et al. 2007] [Fiorucci et al. 2025] [Fitch and Mehra 2014] [Fitzgerald et al. 2005] [Fluk 1981] [Franklin and Innis 1974] [Franklin and Innis 1977] [Gaines et al. 1968] [García-Pulido et al. 2022] [Garren et al. 1973] [Ge et al. 2023] [Ghasemi et al. 2021] [Ghommam and Saad 2017] [Goh et al. 2019] [González-Tejeda et al. 2026] [Greene 1977] [Gribanov et al. 2021] [Gribanov et al. 2022] [Grobler and Jordaan 2020] [Guo et al. 2022a] [Guo et al. 2022b] [Guo et al. 2026] [Gupta et al. 2021] [Gupta et al. 2022] [Guy 1976] [Hahn et al. 2025] [Hailiang 2026] [Han 2026a] [Hardy 2026] [Hayama et al. 2021] [He et al. 2019b] [He et al. 2026] [Helicopter Landing Deck 2014] [Hoburg and Tedrake 2009] [Holzhauser and Innis 1960] [Hsin 1973] [Hsin 1974] [Hu and He 2025] [Hu and Mishra 2017] [Hu and Mishra 2019] [Hu et al. 2017] [Huang et al. 2019b] [Huang et al. 2026a] [Innis and Quigley 1961] [Isidori et al. 2003a] [Isidori et al. 2003b] [Ito 2018] [Ito et al. 2019] [Jang et al. 2022b] [Jang et al. 2023] [Jang et al. 2026] [Jiang 2021] [Jiang 2026] [Jiang and Song 2022] [Jiang et al. 2018] [Jiang et al. 2019] [Jiang et al. 2026] [Jiaxin et al. 2017] [Joglekar 1969] [Johnston 1970] [Jung 2024] [Jung et al. 2014] [Jung et al. 2015a] [Jung et al. 2015b] [Jung et al. 2016] [Dalamagkidis 2006] [Kakaletsis et al. 2021] [Kakillioglu and Velipasalar 2016] [Kamman and Hall 1978] [Kang and Choi 2025] [Kapetanović et al. 2022] [Karemaa 1971] [Keipour et al. 2022] [Kelly et al. 1974] [Kesselring 1969] [Kholosi et al. 2026] [Khyasudeen et al. 2024] [Kim et al. 2014b] [Kim et al. 2019] [Kim et al. 2021] [Klinar and Jones 1950] [Kluever 1967] [Konishi et al. 2015] [Koo et al. 2015] [Kotansky and Glaze 1987] [Krammer et al. 2021] [Krammer et al. 2022] [Krenz et al. 1979] [Kumar and Padhi 2024] [Kumar et al. 2004] [Cechinel et al. 2023] [Kuo and Lin 1996] [Kwak et al. 2022] [Ladosz et al. 2024] [Latif et al. 2022] [Lebacqz and Chen 1977] [Lebedev et al. 2020] [Lee and Libbey 1961] [Lee and Nagati 2004] [Lee et al. 2016] [Li and Li 2010] [Li et al. 2015a] [Li et al. 2019c] [Li et al. 2024f] [Li et al. 2024h] [Li et al. 2025j] [Li et al. 2025m] [Liang et al. 2022b] [Liao et al. 2022] [Limaico et al. 2025] [Lin et al. 2015] [Lin et al. 2016] [Lin et al. 2021] [Lin et al. 2022] [Lin et al. 2026] [Liu] [Liu and Cao 2003] [Liu and Fleming 2006] [Liu et al. 2019] [Liu et al. 2020c] [Liu et al. 2023b] [Llerena Caña et al. 2022] [Llerena et al. 2022] [LP Based Path Planning 2013] [Lu et al. 2012] [Lungu et al. 2019] [Luo et al. 2022b] [Luo et al. 2022a] [Lúa et al. 2026] [Ma et al. 2018] [Ma et al. 2022b] [Ma et al. 2025b] [Maces-Hernandez et al. 2017] [Malik et al. 2021] [Martin and Hill 1989] [Marut et al. 2019] [Marut et al. 2023] [McCormack and Poteate 1965] [McGee 1977] [McGee et al. 1978] [McIntyre 1963] [McINTYRE 1970] [McMinn and Jackson 2002] [McMuldroch 1979] [McMuldroch et al. 1979] [Mehta and Sharma 2022] [Meng et al. 2019] [Merrick and Gerdes 1983] [Meyer-Oehme et al. 2023] [Min et al. 2005] [Ming et al. 2015] [Mishra and Chitraganti 2026] [Mishra et al. 2019] [Mittal et al. 2022] [Mo et al. 2026a] [Modali et al. 2020] [Mohammadi et al. 2020] [Mondal et al. 2020] [Montgomery and Moul 1966] [Morais et al. 2015] [Morales et al. 2023] [Moustafa et al. 2025] [Mu et al. 2023a] [Mu et al. 2023b] [Murshid et al. 2014] [Muvva et al. 2022] [Nakamura et al. 2016] [narayan et al 2026] [Narkiewicz and Zasuwa 2002] [Nazir et al. 2018] [Nguyen et al. 2018] [Nguyen et al. 2024] [Nogar 2020] [Nowak and Solies 2000] [Owen et al. 2021] [Palafox et al. 2019] [Pan et al. 2008] [Parasuraman et al. 2026] [Paris et al. 2020] [Paris et al. 2021] [Parker and Engelbrecht 2022] [Patel et al. 2021] [Patterson et al. 2014] [Paulk and Phatak 1984] [Pavlov 2016] [Peng and Xia 2025] [Phatak and Karmali 1983] [Pieczyński et al. 2024] [Pogust 1969] [Pozzan et al. 2022] [Pruynn and Shannon 1980] [Puvrez 1965] [Qassab et al. 2024] [Qi et al. 2019] [Qian et al. 2026] [Rabah et al. 2018] [Rabelo et al. 2021] [Raja 2011] [Ramasamy et al. 2026] [Rao et al. 2020] [Renselaer 1974] [Republic Aviation Corp Mineola Ny 1963] [Richards] [Richards et al. 2018] [Ridho hendra yoga perdana et al 2020] [Roberts 1964a] [Rodriguez-Ramos et al. 2018a] [Rodriguez-Ramos et al. 2018b] [Rose and Dan M. 1952] [Ryabinov et al. 2023] [Ryabinov et al. 2024] [Ryu et al. 2024] [Salahudden 2025a] [Salahudden et al. 2020] [Sankaranarayanan et al. 2024] [Saripalli 2009] [Saripalli et al] [Scholz et al. 2022] [Schulz and Vörsmann 2007] [Schulz et al. 2005] [Schweim et al. 2026] [Semerikov et al. 2025] [Sevostyanov et al. 2022] [Shastry et al. 2021] [Shaw 1960] [Shen et al. 2020] [Shen et al. 2023] [Shriki et al. 2020] [Sikdar et al. 2021] [Silva Cotta et al. 2024] [Silva et al. 2017] [Smith et al. 1973] [So-Ryeok Oh et al] [Song et al. 2026b] [Sonkar et al. 2021] [Spray-on Landing Field Aids 1965] [Srigrarom and Holzapfel 2019] [Stavrinos 2020] [Stenfelt and Ringertz 2013] [Stough and Patton 1979] [Strozecki and Mammar 2021] [Su et al. 2023] [Suggett 1960] [suo et al 2019] [Sözer and Kumbasar 2023] [Tang et al. 2014] [Tang et al. 2020a] [Taylor and Miller 1982] [Telford and Vasiloff 1968] [谢 2023] [Tischler and Barlow 1980] [Tischler and Barlow 1981] [Tong et al. 2026] [Topczewski and Bibik 2023] [Tripathi et al. 2024] [Tripathi et al. 2025] [Vision Based Self-Guided Quadcopter 2021] [Vlantis et al. 2015] [Vázquez-Meza and Martínez-Carranza 2026] [Wan et al. 2023] [Wang and Wei 2023] [Wang et al. 2017a] [Wang et al. 2019f] [Wang et al. 2022e] [Wang et al. 2023a] [Wang et al. 2024f] [Wei 2013] [Weiwei Kong et al. 2013] [Wen et al. 2024] [Wenzel et al. 2010] [Willis 1981b] [Wu et al. 2008] [Wu et al. 2018] [Wu et al. 2022a] [Wu et al. 2025a] [Wu et al. 2025b] [Xia et al. 2022] [Xiang et al. 2021] [Xie et al. 2020] [Xin et al. 2022] [Xu et al. 2018a] [Xu et al. 2018c] [Xu et al. 2019f] [Xu et al. 2019a] [Xu et al. 2021] [Xu et al. 2023] [Xu et al. 2024a] [Xu et al. 2024b] [Xuan-Mung et al. 2022] [Yang and Li 2022b] [Yang and Li 2022a] [Yang et al. 2010] [Yang et al. 2012b] [Yang et al. 2018] [Yang et al. 2025a] [Yang et al. 2025c] [Yang et al. 2026b] [Yasentsev et al. 2021] [Ye et al. 2020] [Yoo et al. 2015] [Yu et al. 2020] [Yuan et al. 2024] [Yubo et al. 2020] [Yue et al. 2023] [Yukhimets and Gubankov 2026] [Zamanakos et al. 2020] [Zeng et al. 2023] [Zhang and Wu 2025] [Zhang and Wu 2026] [Zhang et al. 2013a] [Zhang et al. 2017a] [Zhang et al. 2020c] [Zhang et al. 2020a] [Zhang et al. 2021b] [Zhang et al. 2022a] [Zhang et al. 2023f] [Zhang et al. 2023h] [Zhang et al. 2024d] [Zhang et al. 2024b] [Zhang et al. 2025d] [Zhang et al. 2026e] [Zhao and Pei 2012] [Zhao et al. 2013] [Zhao et al. 2023d] [Zhao et al. 2024e] [Zhong et al. 2021] [Zhou and Liu 2021] [Zhou and Zhang 2024] [Zhou et al. 2015a] [Zhou et al. 2026d] [Zhu et al. 2023a] [Zhu et al. 2023b] [Zhuang et al. 2012]
Jet-induced effects, ground effect and the landing surface
What the exhaust does to the aircraft and to the ground. Suckdown, fountain flow, hot-gas ingestion, jet impingement and ground erosion, rotor downwash and outwash, brownout, landing mats and prepared sites. 61 titles concern hot-gas ingestion, with a median year of 1987, and 43 concern brownout, none before 2006, so the jet-lift problem of the 1960s to the 1980s has been succeeded by the rotorcraft problem of the dust cloud.
402 records. [Adarkar and Hall 1968] [Adarkar and Hall 1969] [Agarwal and Deese 1985] [Alfano et al. 1968] [Alfred et al. 2013] [Allen 2004] [Amuedo et al. 1989] [Amuedo et al. 1991] [Arledge et al. 1996] [Asdurian 1967] [Bai and Zhou 2023] [Barata 2013] [Bardera Mora and Matías García 2022] [Barrack and Kirk 1968b] [Barrack and Kirk 1969] [Barrack and Kirk 1970] [Bauer 1987] [Bauknecht et al. 2019] [Bellavia et al. 1991a] [Bellavia et al. 1991b] [Bevilaqua et al. 2007] [Bevilaqua et al. 2010] [Bhattacharya et al. 2003] [Bhattacharyya and Conlisk 2003] [Binion 1970b] [Blake and Laughrey 1987] [Bolanovich and Marks 1959] [Brabston 1967] [Brown and Whitehouse 2003] [Brun et al. 2011] [Burns and Barker 1966] [Burns and Brabston 1969a] [Burns and Brabston 1969b] [Butler and Thomas 1964] [Cabrita et al. 2005] [Cacciola and Calabria 2026] [Cao et al. 2012] [Cao et al. 2021b] [Capone 1975] [Capone 1976] [Caprace et al. 2024] [Caprace et al. 2025] [Carangui et al. 2016] [Carlisle 1988] [Carr 1973] [Castells and Mishler 1973] [Ceolato et al. 2017] [Chaderjian et al. 2002a] [Chaderjian et al. 2002b] [Chawla 1993] [Chawla et al. 1989] [Cheng et al. 2024] [Childs and Nixon 1987] [Christiansen 1984] [Chung et al. 2020] [Cimbala et al. 1993] [Cook et al. 2005] [Cordell et al. 2023] [Corsiglia et al. 1990] [Corsiglia et al. 1991] [Cosgrove and Ryan 1969b] [Cosgrove and Ryan 1969a] [Cosgrove et al. 1968] [Curtis 2002] [Curtis et al. 2005] [Curtis et al. 2007] [Curtiss 1965b] [D’Andrea 2009] [D’Andrea and Scorcelletti 2010] [Danjun et al. 2015] [Davidson et al. 1972] [Dawson and Omar 1977] [Deckert et al. 1968] [Deneke and Carter 2025] [Dent 1966] [Design Concepts for Minimizing 1981] [Donaldson et al. 1966] [Donaldson et al. 1971] [Dos Santos et al. 2024] [Dudley et al. 1981] [Dudley et al. 1986] [Dukes and Hargraves 1962] [DuWaldt 1966] [Edmunds and Vangaasbeek 1984] [Eshleman et al. 1986] [Eshlemen 1985] [Fanucci et al. 1969] [Fenwick 1966a] [Fenwick and Mathews 1966] [Foley 1979] [Foltz 1962] [Fricker et al. 1992] [Fricker et al. 1994] [Gao and Agarwal 2019] [Gao et al. 2018] [Gao et al. 2019] [Garrard et al. 2022] [Garrick et al. 2013] [Gatlin 1989] [Gentry and Margason 1966] [George et al. 1964] [Georgiev 2025] [Gerlach 2011] [Gherman et al. 2019] [Ghosh] [Ghosh and Rajagopalan 2022] [Ghosh et al. 2010] [Glucksman-Glaser and Jones 2012] [Godfroy-Cooper et al. 2017] [Goodson 1967a] [Goodson 1967b] [Govindarajan et al. 2013] [Gray and Kisielowski 1971] [Greco et al. 1997] [Green 1966] [Green and Zanine 1984] [Greene 2020] [Griffiths and Leishman 2002] [Griffiths et al. 2005] [Grossman 1963] [Grotz 1961] [Grunwald 1961a] [Grunwald 1961b] [Grunwald 1966] [Hackett and Justice 1973] [Hafer and Skinner 1960] [Hagelen et al. 2008] [Hall 1967] [Hall 1968a] [Hall 1968b] [Hall 1970a] [Hall 1970b] [Hall 1971] [Hammond and McLemore 1967] [Han 2026b] [Hange and Wardwell 1992] [Hange and Wardwell 1993] [Hange et al. 1996a] [Hange et al. 1996b] [Harman et al. 1994] [Harry and Trobaugh 1966] [He and Leang 2020] [He et al. 2019a] [Heyson 1962a] [Heyson 1962b] [Hay 1970] [He and Leang 2024] [He et al. 2024a] [Hebbar et al. 1999a] [Hemeter et al. 1970] [Heron and Myose 2004] [Heyson 1961] [Higgins and Wainwright 1964] [Higgins et al. 1966] [Hill et al. 1982b] [Hinshaw et al. 1964] [Hoad and Gentry 1975] [Hoad and Gentry 1977] [Holdeman and Vukits 2004] [Hong and Ansell 2018] [Hosseini et al. 2010] [Hot Gas Ingestion 1984] [Hot-Gas Ingestion 2007] [Houlihan and Thompson 1972] [Huggett 1959] [Huston and Winston 1960] [Hwang 1990] [Hwang and Kwon 2019] [Hwang and Tsou 1981] [Hwang et al. 2016] [Ing and Zhang 1993] [Ing and Zhang 1994] [Irmawan et al. 2023] [Ison 2024] [Jackson and House 1981] [Jackson and House 1982] [Jakubowski et al. 1985] [Jang et al. 2022a] [Johns 1989] [Johns et al. 1987] [Johns et al. 1988] [Johns et al. 1989b] [Johns et al. 1989a] [Johns et al. 1990a] [Johns et al. 1990b] [Joshi and Compton 1985] [Jung et al. 2025] [Kaemming and Smith 1984] [Kalra and Baeder 2017] [Kalra et al. 2013] [Karemaa et al. 1979] [Kato and Suzuki 2019] [Kawazoe and Morita 2004a] [Kawazoe and Morita 2004b] [Keller et al. 2006] [Kemp 1967] [Kemp 1969] [Koc¸er et al 2008] [Kotansky 1978] [Kotansky 1982] [Kotansky and Bower 1977b] [Kotansky and Bower 1977a] [Kotansky and Bower 1978] [Kotansky and Glaze 1978] [Krishnamoorthy 1971] [Kristy 1995] [Kuhlman and Warcup 1977] [Kuhlman and Warcup 1978] [Kuhlman and Warcup 1979] [Kuhlman and Warcup 1980] [Kuhlman et al. 1978a] [Kuhlman et al. 1978b] [Kuhn 1965] [Kuhn 1982] [Kuhn 1986] [Kuhn 1987a] [Kuhn 1987b] [Kuhn and Grunwald 1960] [Kuhn and Grunwald 1961] [Kuhn et al. 1991a] [Kuhn et al. 1991b] [Kuhn et al. 1993b] [Kuhn et al. 1993a] [Lavi 1967b] [Lee and Ko 2018] [Lee et al. 2026a] [Lehman 1971] [Leishman 2008] [Leishman 2014] [Levin and Wardwell 1997] [Levinsky et al. 1968] [Li et al. 2020b] [Li et al. 2025l] [Lissaman 1967] [Lissaman 1968] [Lissaman 1969] [Liu et al. 2009] [Lohry et al. 2011] [Lord 1985] [Lorenz 2020] [Louisse and Marshall 1974] [Louisse and Marshall 1976] [Lourenco et al. 1996] [Lummus 1980] [Ma et al. 2019] [Maclean 1991] [Margason 1966] [Margason 1970] [Margason 2002] [Matsumoto and Premachandra 2023] [McLemore 1966a] [McLemore 1966b] [McLemore and Smith 1968] [Mehrabi and Davari 2020] [Mehta et al. 2010] [Miesner et al. 2020] [Migdal et al. 1979] [Milluzzo and Leishman 2010] [Milluzzo and Leishman 2017] [Minsk 1970] [Modeling Gas Turbine Deterioration 1987] [Morse and Newhouse 1960] [Morse and Newhouse 1961a] [Morse and Newhouse 1961b] [Mourtos et al. 1995] [Moushegian et al. 2021] [Mylapore and Schmitz 2015] [Neiswander] [Neiswander 2011] [Peters and Shirazi] [O’Bryan 1961] [Obryan 1960] [Otis 1962] [Otsuka et al. 2024] [Page and Aiken 1971] [Pandya et al. 2003] [Papadopoulos et al. 2023] [Penrose and Smith 1996] [Perrotta 2015] [Phillips and Brown 2008] [Phillips and Brown 2009] [Phillips et al. 2010] [Polsky 2000] [Polzin et al. 2011] [Porcacchia et al. 2023] [Preston 1994] [Prewitt et al. 2023] [Prophete] [Pruyn and Taylor 1970] [Pulla and Conlisk 2005] [Qu et al. 2017] [Quackenbush et al. 2018] [Radhakrishnan and Schmitz 2003] [Radhakrishnan and Schmitz 2005] [Radhakrishnan and Schmitz 2006] [Radotich 2026] [Renselaer 1975] [Renselaer 1977b] [Richardson et al. 2005] [Richardson et al. 2006] [Richardson et al. 2007] [Rizk and Menon 1987] [Robins et al. 1994] [Rogers and Belluomini 2026] [Rogers et al. 1969] [Rovere et al. 2020] [Rovere et al. 2023] [Rubel 1978] [Saddington and Knowles 2013] [Saddington et al. 2002] [Saddington et al. 2007] [Saddington et al. 2008] [Saddington et al. 2009] [Sagaga and Lee 2025] [Saijo et al. 2003] [Salahudden et al. 2024a] [Sandlin and Howard 1991] [Sandoval and Zhang 2026] [Saripalli 1985] [Saripalli 1987a] [Saripalli 1987b] [Saripalli and Kroutil 1985] [Saripalli et al. 1997] [Schnell 1982] [Schnell and Grossman 1978] [Schnell and Grossman 1979] [Schnell and Ordonez 1981] [Schuldenfrei 1942] [Schwarz et al. 2019] [Schwarz et al. 2020] [Sharma et al. 2021] [Sherrieb 1978] [Sherrieb 1979] [Shirbhate et al. 2025] [Shollenberger 1978] [Shollenberger and Smyth 1978] [Shumpert and Tibbetts 1969] [Sickles 1964] [Siclari et al. 1975] [Siclari et al. 1976] [Siclari et al. 1980] [Silwal et al. 2022] [Smith 1972] [Soderlund and Matveev 2010] [Spong et al. 1979] [Spreemann 1960] [Stahl and Gaitonde 2021a] [Stahl and Gaitonde 2021b] [Steinhoff et al. 2008] [STOL Operation Transition-in-Ground Effect 2007] [Strand 1967] [Su et al. 2022] [Suresh 2020] [Syal and Leishman 2013] [Sykora 2012] [Tafti and Vanka 1990] [Thrust-Induced Effects on Pitching-up 1994] [Tokarski et al. 1994] [Tritschler and Celi 2012] [Tritschler et al. 2010] [Tritschler et al. 2012] [Tritschler et al. 2014] [Tritschler et al. 2019] [Tsuboi et al. 1991] [Tucker and Garrett 1962] [Turpin et al. 2010] [Hebbar et al. 2024] [Van Dommelen 1995] [Vanka 1998] [VanOverbeke and Holdeman 1990] [Vaughn 1970] [Vogler 1966] [Wachspress et al. 2026] [Wadcock et al. 2008] [Walker et al. 1965] [Wang 2003] [Wang et al. 2024a] [Wardwell and Hange 1993] [Wardwell and Kuhn 1991] [Wardwell et al. 1992] [Wardwell et al. 1993] [Watson et al. 1967] [Weber 1973] [Weber and Gay 1975] [Weng et al. 2004] [White et al. 1960] [Wichita State Univ Ks 1962] [Winston 1970] [Winston et al. 1975] [Wohllebe and Migdal 1979] [Xin et al. 1998] [Xin et al. 2015] [Yon and Li 2026] [Yu et al. 2019] [Zhang and Agarwal 2020] [Zhang and Ing 1993] [Zhang and Ing 1994] [Zhang et al. 2019f] [Zhang et al. 2026d] [Zhao et al. 2023b] [Zhu et al. 2024b] [Zilberman and Kopeika 2022]
Reaction controls and thrust vectoring
Turning the jet. Reaction control systems and bleed for hovering aircraft, vectoring nozzles, jet flaps, fluidic thrust vectoring and the flight control of vectored-thrust aircraft and drones. 63 titles concern fluidic vectoring by secondary injection, dual throats, counterflow or Coanda turning, against 17 that name reaction controls or bleed, so the mechanism the X-13 used for roll has been far less studied than the mechanism it did not use.
371 records. [Adavbiele 2009a] [Adavbiele 2009b] [Adavbiele and Salami 2007] [Adnan] [向 et al. 2023] [Afridi et al. 2023] [Afridi et al. 2024] [Ahmed and Katupitiya 2021] [Ale Isaac Khoueini] [Ali et al. 2012] [Amoozgar et al. 2024] [Application of Fluidic Thrust 2024] [Aroussi 2026] [Atesoglu and Ozgoren 2011] [Atesoglu and Özgören 2006] [Atesoglu and Özgören 2007] [Atesoglu and Özgören 2008] [Atesoglu and Özgören 2009] [Baldini et al. 2026] [Banazadeh and Banazadeh 2014] [Barrett 1965] [Baskaran et al. 2018] [Battipede et al. 2003] [Baumann and Gal-Or 1992] [Beard and Foley 1983] [Beck et al] [Beebe] [Beilman 1983] [Berdoyes 1989] [Berens 2019] [Bergman 1979] [Bhabar and Sharma 2025] [Billet 1964] [Bindu Mounica et al and Tjprc 2020] [Bolitho and Jacob 2008] [Borchers et al. 1994] [Bose et al. 2014] [Brandt et al. 2019] [Buffington et al. 1993] [Buffington et al. 1994] [Burnes et al. 2001] [Bursey and Dickinson 1990] [Cai et al. 2022] [Capello et al. 2019] [Capone 1974] [Capone and Mason 1986] [Carr 1984] [Carr 1986] [Casau et al. 2016] [Case] [Caton and Franke 1991] [Chakraborty and Comer 2024] [Chandra Sekar et al. 2017] [Chawla and Van Dalsem 1992] [Cheatham et al. 1991] [Chen and Liao 2020] [Chen et al. 2015a] [Chen et al. 2016a] [Chen et al. 2026e] [Cheng et al. 2020a] [Chi et al. 2022b] [Chi et al. 2022c] [Chin et al. 1974] [Chouicha et al. 2019] [Clark 1965] [Cliff et al. 1982] [Cohn et al. 1985] [Coles 1968] [Collins 2005] [Comer 2024] [Computational and Experimental Analysis 2024] [Salimi et al. 2022] [Harish Ragavendra et al. 2025] [Cong et al. 2019] [Cornelius and Lucius 1993] [Costes 1988] [Crandall et al. 1973] [Culpepper et al. 2021] [Culpepper et al. 2022] [Cunningham and Boytos 1981] [Cunningham and Boytos 1983] [Daljit Majil 2016] [Das et al. 2024] [Davis and Hines 1976] [Davis and Spicer 1965] [de Matteis et al. 1998] [Deere et al. 2003] [Deere et al. 2005] [Deere et al. 2007] [Denton et al. 2021] [Di et al. 2025] [Dinca and Corcau 2021] [Dinca et al. 2019] [Dunbar et al. 2002] [duPont and duPont 1997] [Eatough 1971] [Eilers et al. 2010] [Eilers et al. 2011] [Eilers et al. 2012] [Ellis and Kearney 1982] [Emelyanov et al. 2021] [Enenakpogbe et al. 2024a] [Enenakpogbe et al. 2024b] [Enenakpogbe et al. 2025] [Erdem et al. 2006] [Erickson 1962] [Erwin et al. 1964] [Esker and McArdle 1993] [Esker and Sedrick 1972] [Thillaikumar et al. 2020] [Feistel et al. 1969] [Ferlauto and Marsilio 2016a] [Ferlauto and Marsilio 2016b] [Ferlauto and Marsilio 2017] [Ferlauto et al. 2020] [Flamm 1998] [Flamm et al. 2005] [Flamm et al. 2006] [Flamm et al. 2007] [Flow Visualization Studies 1991] [Forliti et al. 2002] [Francis 2018] [Friddell and Franke 1990] [Friddell and Franke 1992] [Friehmelt 1996] [Friehmelt 1997] [Friend 1964] [Frost and Bishop 1963] [Frost and Bishop 1965] [Gal-Or] [Gal-Or 1990] [Gal-Or 1992] [Gal-Or 1995] [Gal-Or 2001] [Gal-Or and Baumann 1993] [Gal-Or et al. 1995] [Garcia et al. 2009] [Gerber and Tsao 2018] [Ghosh et al. 2006] [Gill 1974] [Goetz et al. 1976] [Gogoi et al. 2021] [Granasy 1995] [Ha et al. 2025] [Kbab et al. 2020] [Hall 1965] [Haloulakos 1982] [Hamed et al. 1997] [Harisrinivasan et al. 2018] [Hauser and Jadbabaie] [Hegarty et al. 1965] [Henning et al. 1957] [Herrick 1992] [Hienz and Vedova 1984] [Hiroyuki Takano et al. 2007] [Hooker 1981] [Hoskin et al. 1991] [Hou et al. 2024] [Hou et al. 2026] [Huang et al. 2025b] [Huang et al. 2026d] [Hui-min et al. 2005b] [Hui-min et al. 2005a] [Iliff and Wang 1997b] [Imbaratto] [Imlay 1986] [In-Flight Thrust Determination for] [Invernizzi and Lovera 2018] [Invernizzi et al. 2020] [Islam et al. 2018] [Jadbabaie and Hauser 2002] [Jayakody and Katupitiya 2015] [Johnson 1990] [Jois et al. 2024] [Joseph et al. 2024] [Jyothy and John Wessley 2023] [Kaijun and Fawei 2017] [Kannan and Bhat 2005] [Kantner et al] [Keller 1969] [Kelley et al. 1982] [Kentfield 1975a] [Kentfield 1975b] [Khoo et al. 2017] [Kim 2026b] [King et al. 1991] [Klafin 1988] [Korbacher 1963] [Korbacher 1964] [Krenkel and Salzman 1968] [Krishnan et al. 2020] [Kuang and Zhu 2015] [Kumon et al. 2010] [Kumon et al. 2011] [Kutschera and Render 1999] [Lallman 1985] [Lampard 1978] [Lavrukhin et al. 2014] [Lee and Lan 1992] [Lee et al] [Leitner 1986] [Leovan 2019] [Lewis and Simpkin 1981] [Li et al. 2013b] [Li et al. 2016a] [Li et al. 2019b] [Li et al. 2025c] [Lichtsinder et al. 1998] [Limage 1977] [Liu et al. 2013] [Liu et al. 2020b] [Liu et al. 2022b] [Liu et al. 2024b] [Liu et al. 2024c] [Liu et al. 2025c] [Liu et al. 2026d] [Lu and Wu 2009] [Maarouf et al. 2009] [Mace et al. 1989] [Madarasz et al. 2012] [Madeiras et al. 2026] [Mangin et al. 2006] [Mansell 1987] [Margetts et al. 2015] [Martinez et al. 2025] [Marubashi and Miwa 2014] [Mason and Crowther 2004] [Matesanz et al. 1995] [Matveev and Wheeler 2019] [McArdle and Esker 1993] [Merceruio] [Milam et al. 2005] [Miller 1983a] [Miller 1986] [Mineck and Margason 1974] [Mishra and Sinha 2018] [Miwa 2021] [Miwa and Maruhashi 2016] [Mockenhaupt 1988] [Mohammadi and Toloei 2011] [Molyneux 1983] [Morello et al. 1972] [Murguia-Rendon et al. 2009] [Nagabhushan and Tomlinson 1985] [Nagabhushan and Tomlinson 1986] [Nardi et al. 1999] [Nayebi and Taeibi Rahni 2024] [Nery et al. 2024] [Nocoń et al. 2023] [Oganyan and Loginov 2025] [Park et al. 2025c] [Pastorelli 2013] [Patierno and Asdurian 1965] [Pauli 1964] [Pauli 1965] [Peris et al. 2021] [Petit and Scholey 1973a] [Petit and Scholey 1973b] [Petit and Scholey 1973c] [Platzer 1976] [Porzio and Franke 1986] [Porzio and Franke 1989] [Postma 1970] [Pulk and Stolarik 1977] [Raghavendra et al. 2005] [Ravindranath 2025] [Reigelsperger et al. 1995] [Renselaer 1977a] [Resta et al. 2021] [Resta et al. 2022] [Resta et al. 2024] [Riley et al. 1989] [Rolls 1960] [Rolls 1965c] [Rolls and Aoyagi 1977] [Ruetten 2018] [Russo et al. 2011] [Ryan and Franke 1991] [Akshay et al. 2020] [Salahudden et al. 2022] [Salahudden et al. 2025] [Salehian et al. 2024] [Salehian et al. 2025] [Salimi et al. 2023] [Sanders 1997] [Schirmer and Capone 1989] [Schneider and Watt 1988] [Schneider and Watt 1989] [Schumacher 1970] [Schwagerus et al. 2026] [Sellam et al. 2012] [Shandor and Walker 1962] [Sherbaum and Lichtsinder 1998] [Shi 2014] [Shi et al. 2024a] [Shin et al. 2010] [Shynkarenko et al. 2024] [Sieder et al. 2019] [Simmons 2022a] [Simmons et al. 2025b] [Singh and Kushari 2008] [Sobel and Lallman 1988] [Sobester and Keane 2006] [Sotheran 1982] [Soundararajan and Sridhar 2022] [Sparavalo 2019] [Sparavalo 2021] [Spreemann 1961] [Srivastava and Jayachandran 2023] [Stalford and Hoffman 1989] [Steer 2000a] [Steer 2000b] [Stewart 1974] [Stillwell and Drake 1958] [Sully and Whittley 1987] [Suñol et al. 2014] [Suñol et al. 2015] [Swaraj et al. 2023] [Sørensen et al. 1996] [Takahashi and Stone 2019] [Tang 2025] [Tanveer and Ahmad 2023] [Tape et al. 1987] [Taylor 1988] [Tcherak et al. 2026] [The Hawker P1127 Vectored 1990] [Thompson 1965] [Thrust Vector Control 2026] [Thrust Vectoring 2020] [Tich 1991] [Toney 1974] [Traub et al. 2004] [Ulizar 1997] [Van Nieuwstadt and Murray 1998] [VAN Poppel et al. 1998] [Variable Mode Turbofan Jet 2002] [Vectored Thrust 1992] [Vinayagam and Sinha 2013] [Visser 1999] [Vohra and Kumar 2025] [Wang et al. 2007] [Wang et al. 2017f] [Wang et al. 2020d] [Wang et al. 2022f] [Wang et al. 2027] [Ward and Penrose 1983] [Webster 1973] [Wei Yuan and Katupitiya 2013] [Whitaker and Gowadia 1994] [Williams and Bernitt 1970] [Williams and Vittal 2002] [Wilson et al. 2003] [Wing 1994] [Wing and Asbury 1991] [Wooten et al. 1984] [Wu et al. 2024c] [Wygnanski 1966] [Xu and Zha 2022] [YAV-8B Reaction Control System 1993] [Yuhas and Ray 1992] [Zafirov 2010] [Zhang et al. 2024c] [Zhang et al. 2026a] [Zhang et al. 2026b] [Zhao 2025] [Zhao-miao and Chuan 2013] [Zhou et al. 2022a] [Zhou et al. 2024] [Zhu et al. 2025a] [Zmijanovic] [Živković et al. 2014]
The pilot, the view and the visual task
The pilot as a component of the control loop. Pilot models and the human operator, workload and its measurement, visual cues, cockpit displays and the pilot’s view, the operators of remotely piloted aircraft and teleoperation under delay. 99 titles name workload and 45 a remotely piloted or uncrewed aircraft, the second being the literature of the operator who replaced the pilot of the X-13.
345 records. [A Piloted Simulator Investigation 1979] [Ackerman et al. 2014] [Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca 1962b] [Alaimo et al. 2011] [Alexander 1979] [Alharasees et al. 2024] [Analysis of Stress Effects 2024] [Anderson and Toivanen 1970] [Andre and Johnson] [Andrisani 1982] [Andrisani and Gau 1985] [Aponso et al. 1987] [Army Scientific Advisory Panel Washington Dc 1977] [Aronson 1987] [Ashworth and McKissick 1979] [Assessing Pilot Workload. Advisory 1979] [Atmaca et al. 2025] [Aume et al. 1976] [Bachelder 2020] [Bachelder and Godfroy-Cooper 2019] [Bachelder and Hansman] [Bachelder et al. 2018] [Bachelder et al. 2019] [Barbato 1992] [Barile 1981] [Baron 1983] [Barrows et al. 1996] [Bartlett et al. 2002] [Batson et al. 1981] [Battipede et al. 2004] [Battiste and Bortolussi 1988] [Bauschat 2001] [Beal 1945] [Becker et al. 2011] [Behan and Siciliani 1965] [Behan and Siciliani 1967] [Beilman et al. 1975] [Belak and Hromcik 2024] [Benbassat 2005] [Bennett et al. 1988] [Benoit et al. 2014] [Biernacki and Lewkowicz 2024] [Billings and Durlach 2008] [Birckelbaw and Corliss 1992b] [Birckelbaw and Corliss 1994] [Birckelbaw et al. 1994] [Khalaj et al. 2024] [Bortolussi et al. 1986] [Bradley and Brindley 2003] [Bromfield et al. 2023] [Brutch and Moncayo 2024] [Budihartono et al. 2026] [Burke and Ferris 1981] [Cahill et al. 2017] [Cai et al. 2014] [Caraux and Wanner 1979] [Caraux and Wanner 1980] [Cardullo and Sinacori 1988] [Carmody et al. 2025] [Chase 1976] [Chase 1997] [Chen and Pérez-Arancibia 2024] [Chen et al. 2017] [Chen et al. 2025a] [Chevaldonne et al. 2006] [Chung et al. 1995b] [Cocco et al. 2021] [Cockpit Visibility for Commercial] [Coleman and Thirtyacre 2021] [Comeau et al. 2022] [Conover 1964] [Control Augmentation and Cockpit 2002] [Cornell Aeronautical Lab INC Buffalo NY 1947] [Corwin 1989] [Corwin 1992] [Cunningham et al. 2011] [Curry et al. 1976] [Van Decker 1992] [Deutsch 2006] [Di Carlo et al. 1971] [Dougherty 1968] [Driscoll 1966] [Duggan et al. 2025] [Duggan et al. 2026] [Dukes 1969] [Durak et al. 2016] [Durbin and Hicks 2009] [Effects of Modes 2016] [Efremov et al. 2020b] [Eshow 1990] [Eskey and Wilson 1989] [Farris et al. 1983] [Faye 1960] [Flight Deck Environment 1973] [Foster et al. 1991] [Francis et al. 2002a] [Francis et al. 2002b] [Franklin 1997b] [Franklin 1997a] [Franklin and Engelland 1991] [Frazier and McElreath 1976] [Fry et al. 1973] [Fulkerson et al. 1980] [Garner 2002] [Garrood and Reid 1994] [Geister et al. 2017] [Gillingham 1984] [Haines 1980] [Hall 1987] [Hanson et al. 2014] [Harvey and Waugh 1976] [Hindson 1987] [Lapins et al. 1982] [Litt et al. 2012] [Pietrzyk et al. 2023] [Sen et al. 2025] [Sinacori 1986] [Taheri Gorji et al. 2023] [Tucker 1984] [Gerdes 1964] [Gerdes 1977] [Gold and Walchli 1974] [Gonzalo 2026] [Gozzo and Vienneau 1987] [Gracey 1968] [Green 1982] [Grether 1973] [Gruchet 2026] [Gruszecki et al. 2012] [Guerrero and Corliss 1991b] [Guo et al. 2013] [Habboush and Yildiz 2022] [Habboush and Yildiz 2026] [Harris and Glover 1984] [Hart 1956] [Hart 1978] [Hartzell 1979] [Haworth et al. 2001] [Heffley 1983] [Heinle 1960] [Hess 1988] [Hess and Gorder 1990] [Hess and Tran 1988] [Hicks and Durbin 2014] [Hoffman et al. 1976] [Hoffman et al. 2000] [Hofmann and Riedel 1979] [Hoh 1985] [Hoogeboom et al] [Hooks and McMurry 1983] [Horn 2014] [Horn 2016] [Howard 1975] [Howard 1976] [Howse 2011] [Hu et al. 2024b] [Huntoon et al. 1979] [Iijima et al] [Innocenti et al. 1997] [Jalovecký and Janů 2010] [Janetzko et al. 2025] [Johnson and Weir 1969] [Johnson et al. 1992] [Johnston and Wolfe 1986] [Jones et al. 2018] [Kalra and Greiwe 2026] [Kantowitz 1992] [Kantowitz et al. 1983] [Khoo and Lim 2004] [Kimura et al. 2024] [Koronkov 2022] [Krohn 1988] [Kruk et al. 1999] [Kucuk 1988] [Kurylowich and Ritter 1970a] [Kurylowich and Ritter 1970b] [Lambert 1989] [Larsen 1975] [Lebacqz and Aiken 1975b] [Lebacqz and Radford 1979] [Ledegang et al. 2012] [Li et al. 2013a] [Li et al. 2026c] [Liggett and Gallimore 2001] [Liu et al. 2026a] [Lollar and Matous 1963] [Lüdtke Andreas and Javaux Denis 2012] [Ma et al. 2015] [Mandal] [Marshall] [McKissick et al. 1983] [McReynolds] [McRuer 1972] [Merhav 1989] [Merrick 1981] [Merrick 1984] [Merrick and Gerdes 1978] [Merrick et al. 1990] [Metalis 1989] [Mills 1967] [Milz et al. 2026b] [Mooij and Van Gool 1977] [Moore 2015] [Mori et al. 2007] [Morris and Leung 2006] [Mortazavi et al. 2018] [Muralidharan et al. 1979] [Newman and Greeley 1997] [Newton et al. 2024] [Nicholson et al. 1988] [Nieuwenhuizen et al. 2007] [Niewind 2011] [Northrop Aircraft INC Hawthorne CA 1952] [Oliver 2012] [Olson 2015] [Optimization and Piloted Simulation 2017] [Osterman and Mulley 1977] [Papa and Stoliker 1988] [Park 2014] [Patton 1972] [Nawcad et al. 2020] [Paulson et al. 1977] [Pepitone et al. 1987] [Petkosek et al. 2005] [Gibb et al. 2016] [Pilot Workload and Fatigue 1977] [Pilot Workload during 1980] [Plichta and Škvareková 2021] [Prasad et al. 2006] [Procházková and Juračka 2026] [Raeth and Reising] [Rault 1976] [Rault 1979] [Reichlen et al] [Reid and Robinson 1990] [Reising et al. 1994] [Ricard and Parrish 1984] [Ringland 1977] [Ringland and Craig 1977] [Rojas-Ramirez] [Rolfe and Lindsay 1973] [Roscoe 1948] [Roscoe 1989] [Roscoe 1992] [Roscoe and Grieve 1986] [Roscoe and Grieve 1988] [Roscoe et al. 1975] [Rosenstein et al. 1973b] [Rupert 2008] [Russi-Vigoya and Patterson 2015] [Sagoo] [Saputra 2017] [Sarrafian 1984] [Sarrafian 1986] [Schiefele et al. 1999] [Schreiter et al. 2017] [Schroeder and Merrick 1990] [Schroeder et al. 1994] [Schulte et al. 2015] [Schultz et al. 2009] [Schuppe] [Schuppr 1989] [Schwartz and Shearer 1964] [Schwerd and Schulte 2021] [Seaberg et al. 1972] [Selection Methods for Operators 2016] [Shafer 1970] [Sheesley et al. 2003] [Shipman 2014a] [Shipman 2014b] [Sidestick Control Evaluation Completed 1985] [Simon and Dunn 1989] [Solz et al] [Sotiropoulos-Georgiopoulos and Johnson 2026] [Stephenson et al. 2026] [Stepniewski and Tarczynski 1992] [Stortz and O’Donoghue 1993] [Strother 1974] [Studies on Pilot Workload 1978] [Sun et al. 2024] [Drennen and Bowen 1984] [Tanaka 1993] [Tanaka et al. 2013] [Tapia and Intano 1976] [Thato Elijah and Rui Vasconcellos 2026] [Newman and Greeley 2017] [The Role of Human 1986] [Thomas and Mija 2022] [Thomas et al. 2021] [Thome et al. 1999] [Tohidi and Yildiz 2019] [Totah 1991] [Totah 1992] [Tritto et al. 2025] [Trujillo] [Turnage et al. 2019] [Turpin et al. 2006] [Tušl et al. 2020] [Tvaryanas 2006] [Tvaryanas and Maupin 2013] [Vallerie 1967] [Van Houtte 1970] [Vandersteen 1987] [Vantrepotte et al. 2025] [Vindigni et al. 2026] [Vinje 1968] [Virasak 2021] [Visual and Manual Workload 1977] [VTOL Control and Display 1988] [Wallace et al. 2011] [Walters et al. 2002] [Wang et al. 2024c] [Wang et al. 2026k] [Watson et al. 1996] [Watson et al. 2020] [Way 1978] [Way 1981] [Webster] [Weeks 2000] [Wickens and Dixon 2002] [Decker et al. 1993] [Winn and Lewis 1976] [Winn and Lewis 1974] [Woo Chang Cha and Funk] [Woodruff et al. 1979] [Wright 1980] [Xi et al. 2019b] [Xu 2023] [Xu et al. 2025c] [Xu et al. 2026a] [Yan and Chen 2019] [Yan et al. 2022] [Yang 2025] [Yang et al. 2017a] [Yawei Liang] [Yip et al. 1990] [Yuan et al. 2025] [Zaitceva 2020] [Zanoni et al. 2022b] [Zhang et al. 2014d] [Zhang et al. 2025c] [Zhang et al. 2026c] [Zheng et al. 2019] [Zipoy et al. 1971] [Škvareková et al. 2020]
Stability, control and flight dynamics
The rest of the control literature. Stability and control of vertical take-off and conventional aircraft, stability augmentation, automatic flight control and guidance, equations of motion and the textbooks of flight dynamics that the period relations come from.
301 records. [Advanced Control Techniques 2023] [Afilipoae et al. 2024] [Ailon] [Ailon 2007] [Ailon 2009] [Aircraft Dynamic Stability 2003] [Aircraft Dynamic Stability 2014] [Aircraft Dynamic Stability 2024] [Aircraft Dynamic Stability 1980] [Aircraft Equations of Motion 2003] [Aircraft Equations of Motion 2014] [Aircraft Equations of Motion 2022] [Aircraft Flight Control 2014] [Aircraft Flight Control Systems] [Aircraft Moments of Inertia 1996] [Aircraft Stability and Control 2003] [Aircraft Stability and Control 2014] [Aircraft Stability & Control 2022] [Aircraft Stability and Control 2024] [Aircraft Stability and Control 2026] [Aircraft Stability Derivatives 1998] [Aircraft Stability Derivatives 2002] [Ajaj 2021] [Alston 1939] [Anderson and Innis 1965] [Anderson and Schroers 1972a] [Appendix C Stability 2021] [Application of dynamic flight] [Approximate Expressions 1997] [Approximate Expressions 2013] [Arthur and Pitkin 1961] [Automatic Control of VTOL 1966] [Barlow 2004] [Barzda 1966] [Beatty and Worthey 1984] [Bernatz and Thielecke 2004] [Beyers 1983] [Bihrle and Bowman 1980] [Boehler 1959] [Boling and Zha 2021] [Bolton and Collins 1975] [Bowman et al. 2012] [Brandt and Bons 2023] [Bryson and Mehra 1967] [Bryson and Mehra 1969] [Bryson et al. 1970] [Burnashev and Zbrutsky 2019] [Cabarbaye] [Calise et al. 1981] [Campbell and Abramovitz 1975] [Capen 1971] [Carithers et al. 2019] [Carter 1969] [Chambers 1971] [Chen and Huo 2019] [Clarke et al. 1973] [Comer 2026] [Cook 1997a] [Cook 2007a] [Cook 2013a] [Cook 2021] [Cornish 1964] [Cornish 1965] [Costandin et al. 2018] [Costandin et al. 2021] [Cunningham 1976] [Curtiss 1965a] [Curtiss 1969] [Curtiss 1970] [Curtiss 1986] [Curtiss et al. 1961] [Czyba and Blachuta 2001] [Czyba and Kronhof 2020] [Dantsker et al. 2018a] [Davis et al. 1977] [Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability 1997] [Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability 2007] [Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability 2013] [Dendy and Tribken 1968] [Design of the Circulation 1979] [Dicarlo et al. 1966] [Dikshit et al. 2022] [Dingle and Tooley 2026] [Do 2021] [Doran et al. 2025] [Dugan 2014] [Dukes 1970] [Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Theory 2003] [Emerson et al. 2023] [Englar 1975] [Equations of Motion 2001] [Ericsson and Reding 1977] [Escareno et al. 2006] [Experimental Development 1981] [Falco and Baskervill 1961] [Feedback Flight Control 2026] [Fletcher 1962] [Flight Control 2015] [Flight Control System Design 2011] [Flight Control Using Nonlinear 2000] [Flight Dynamics 2013] [Flight Vehicle Aerodynamic Control 2001] [Foster and Morris 1960] [Foster and Morris 1961] [Franklin 1986] [Franklin 1994] [Franklin 2018] [Franklin and Anderson 1984] [From Steady Flight to 2011, 13. From Steady Flight to Flight] [From Steady Flight 2011, From Steady Flight to Flight Dyna] [Gallagher and O’Donnell 1965] [Gao et al. 2020] [Gao et al. 2021b] [Gao et al. 2021f] [Gao et al. 2021g] [Garren and Kelly 1966] [Garren et al. 1964] [Gc] [Go 2009] [Goka et al. 1980] [Goldberger 1966] [Green and Hoffmann 1986] [Guimarães et al. 2021] [Hajiyev et al. 2015a] [Hall 1992] [Han and Hong 2015] [Harenberg 1962] [Hasdorff et al. 1970] [Dabaghian and Halder 2025] [Haugen 1966] [Haviland et al. 2016] [He et al. 2024b] [Healey 1974] [Henderson and Walters 1981] [Hendrick 1977] [Hoffman and Hollister 1975] [Hoffman and Hollister 1976] [Hoffman et al. 1971] [Hoffman et al. 1972] [Hoffman et al. 1974] [Hoffman et al. 1975] [Hollister 1970] [Howard 1966] [Hyde et al. 2012] [Leonard et al. 2023] [Nardi 1970] [Sudhakar et al. 2025] [Schmitz 1969] [Shi et al. 2022] [Govers 2024] [Introduction to Aircraft Flight 1998] [Introduction to Aircraft Flight 2024] [Jackson and Patch 1968] [Jeffrie and Rolston 1972] [Jehangir 2014] [Jenkins 1973] [Johnston 1964] [Johnston 1965] [Jou and Metcalfe 1984] [Kalemaris 1983] [Kaplan 1959] [Kassapakis and Warwick 1994] [Katz and Maskew 1988] [Katz and Plotkin 2001] [Kaufman 1965] [Kaufman and Schultz 1963] [Kidd 1988] [Kirby 1964] [Kish et al. 2021] [Knott 1977] [Knott 1978] [Konar et al. 1974] [Kress 1978] [Krishnaswamy et al] [Kuhn 1960] [Kumar and Pradeep 2007] [Kunz et al. 2024] [Lazer and Kuatbayeva 2026] [Lee et al. 2012c] [Lewis et al. 1978] [Leylek and Costello 2013] [Lim and Moerder 2007a] [Lim et al. 2004] [Linear Quadratic Flight Control 2026] [Linearizing the Equations 2003] [Liu et al. 2023a] [Liu et al. 2024a] [Loh and Jacob 2013] [Longitudinal and Lateral Linear 2014] [Loscutoff et al. 1973] [Loth and Boasson 1984] [Louma 1961] [Low-Speed Aerodynamics 2009] [Lu et al. 2023a] [Margason and Kuhn 1988] [Mbikayi et al. 2024] [McInville and Moore 1994] [McLaughlin et al. 1993] [McLean and Naseem 1977] [Mendenhall et al. 1972] [Merrick and Gerdes 1977] [Methods for Improving Longitudinal 2003] [Meyer and Cicolani 1975] [Mitchell 1979] [Mo et al. 2026b] [Mohammed 2007] [Montgomery and Hatch 1969] [Moore and Inville 1995] [Moore et al. 1993] [Morris 1962] [Mueller 1964] [Mueller 1965] [Muller 1967] [Neogi et al. 2025] [Newsom 1963] [Nguyen and Webb 2025] [Nichols and Englar 1980] [Nichols and Englar 1981] [Niessen 1971] [Norton 2002] [O’hara 1971] [Okumoto and Elsanker 1973] [Olson 1992] [Ostheimer and Giguere 1963] [Ozcan et al. 2025] [Padfield 2007] [Pauli 1969] [Pauli 1971] [Pauli et al. 1970] [Payne and Henry E. 1961] [Smetana 1971] [Suh et al] [Placement in Flight Control 2026] [Plotkin 2012] [Putman et al. 1979] [Ramaveerapathiran et al. 2025] [Randall et al. 2011] [Rigatos 2021] [Rigid-Body Flight Dynamics 2026] [Ro and Barlow 1996] [Roberts and Anderson 1981] [Rosas et al. 2012] [Rowley 2008] [Rowley 2010] [Shin and Lee 2023] [Shweyk et al. 2012] [Sisk et al. 2025] [Sissingh 1956] [Skifstad 1970] [Smith and Meyer 1990] [Smith and Vickers 1970] [Smith et al. 1971] [Snell et al. 1990] [Spreemann 1967] [Stability and Control 1986] [Stanford et al. 2007] [Static Flight Stability 2026] [Static Longitudinal Stability Theory 2003] [Static Stability and Control 1998] [Stengel 1975] [Stengel et al. 1976b] [Sugino et al. 2019] [Swaim 1969] [Swanson 1942] [Takahashi 1991] [Takahashi et al. 2023] [Takahashi et al. 2024] [Tan et al. 2014] [The Bell X-22A V/STOL 1990] [Time-Domain Unsteady Aerodynamics 2023] [Toader et al. 2018] [Tobing] [Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Dynamics 2016] [Uribe Quintero et al. 2024] [Urnes and Yeager 1991] [Uzun and Oktay 2023] [van der Maas 1959] [Vepa 2023a] [Vepa 2023b] [Vepa 2026] [Vincent and Anex 1990] [VTOL Aircraft Control Design 2010] [VTOL Flight Control Systems 1966] [Vujić 1997] [Waechter 1966] [Walters and Henderson 1983] [Wang 2013] [Wang and Ma 2021] [Wang et al. 2022d] [Wen et al. 2021] [Winick 1968] [Woolard 1974] [Xie et al. 2015] [Xu et al. 2014] [Xu et al. 2022a] [Yoo and Strash 1989] [Yoo and Strash 1990] [Yuan et al. 2019] [Zheng and Merret 2022] [Zhu et al. 2022a] [Özer 2025]
Tilt-rotor, tilt-wing and the convertible configurations
The configurations that tilt the thrust instead of the aircraft. Tilt-rotor, tilt-wing, tilt-duct and lift-plus-cruise aircraft and drones, their aerodynamics, rotor and wing interaction, control and flight test. 159 titles name the tilt-rotor and 80 the tilt-wing, the two answers to the X-13’s question that kept the fuselage horizontal.
294 records. [Abergo et al. 2026] [Aerodynamic Interaction Study 1994] [An and Kim 2026] [Annamalai and Thunaipragasam 2021] [Apkarian 2018] [Arif and Sasongko 2021] [Armutcuoglu et al. 2004] [Bachmaier and Anderson 2021] [Bagai and Leishman 1995a] [Bagai and Leishman 1995b] [Barla et al. 2006] [Bass et al. 1993] [Bauersfeld and Ducard 2020] [Bayraktar and Guldas 2026] [Belák and Hromčík 2023a] [Belák and Hromčík 2023b] [Bland et al. 1976] [Chen and Jia 2020] [Cook 1993] [He et al. 2020a] [Nichols 1963] [Simmons and Murphy] [Bennink and Langelaan 2024] [Beppu and Curtiss 1966] [Beser 1978] [Beser 1979] [Betzina and Falarski 1979] [Betzina and Kita 1979] [Bhandari and Chakraborty 2026] [Bhandari et al. 2024b] [Bian et al. 2025] [Bowen et al. 2025] [Bray 1995] [Briardy and Head 1968] [Brown and Fischer 1967] [Brown et al. 1977] [Brown et al. 1978] [Burton et al. 2024] [Busan et al. 2021] [Carico and Garcia-Otero 1995] [Carlin et al. 1986] [Cetinsoy 2015] [Chakraborty and Mishra 2022] [Chakraborty and Mishra 2023a] [Chakraborty and Mishra 2023b] [Chakraborty et al. 2025] [Chakraborty et al. 2026] [Chambers and Grafton 1966] [Chambers and Grafton 1968] [Chambers and Grafton 1970] [Champine et al. 1970] [Chance Vought Corp Dallas Tx 1963] [Chang et al. 2023] [Chattopadhyay et al. 1995] [Chauhan and Martins 2020b] [Chen and Guo 2025] [Chen and Hubner 2021] [Chen et al. 2024a] [Chen et al. 2025d] [Chiappinelli et al. 2019] [Choi et al. 2026a] [Churchill and Gerdes 1984] [Clark 1975] [Clark 1985] [Cole et al. 1980] [Comer et al. 2024b] [Comer et al. 2026b] [Crawford et al. 1996] [Critchfield and Ning 2026] [Crossley and Rutherford 1995] [Curtiss and Warburton 1992] [Curtiss et al. 1967] [Dabundo and Neary 1985] [Dancik et al. 1958] [Darabi and Wygnanski 2003] [de Madrid et al. 2007] [Decker et al. 1989] [Deckert and McCloud 1968] [Deckert et al. 1964] [Dehaeze et al. 2017] [Deng et al. 2025] [Deng et al. 2026] [Design Definition Study 1975] [Detore and Gaffey 1969] [Yoo 2005] [Dicarlo 1971] [DiMaggio et al. 2026] [Droandi et al. 2014] [Droandi et al. 2015] [Dudley 2016] [Eskey et al. 1984] [Falarski et al. 1982] [Faye et al. 1987] [Fejtek 1993] [Fejtek and Roberts 1989] [Fejtek and Roberts 1991] [Fejtek and Roberts 1992b] [Fejtek and Roberts 1992a] [Felker 1988] [Felker and Light 1986b] [Felker et al. 1987] [Ferrarese et al. 2013] [Flores et al. 2014] [Follow-On Studies for Design 1977] [Ford 1989b] [Fraga and Liiva 1972] [Fry 1965] [Gaffey and Maisel 1974] [Gass et al. 1986] [Gibertini et al. 2011] [Gibs et al. 1975] [Gibs et al. 1976] [Gill and Sauer 1983] [Golovkin and Tarasov 2009] [Goodson 1966b] [Gotlieb et al. 1976] [Grima 2016] [Grima et al. 2016] [Grunwald 1965] [Gupta and Bryson 1972] [Rosenstein et al. 1973a] [Haixu et al. 2010] [Ham and Whitaker 1978] [Hargraves 1961] [Harned and Head 1965] [Hartmann et al. 2017] [Haskins and Haskins 2008] [Hassan 2008] [He et al. 2025b] [Hesse 1965] [Hill and Waters 1974] [Hu-Sheng Wu et al. 2015] [Hunt et al. 1977] [Hassell and Kirby 1966] [Jensen et al. 2025] [Kratz and Culley] [Jordon et al. 1985] [Josephs 1964] [Kahvecioglu and Alemdaroglu 2015] [Kai 2024] [Kaneshige et al. 2024] [Kang et al. 2023b] [Kang et al. 2025a] [Kaul and Ahmad 2012] [Goodson 1966a] [Kim and Choi 2011] [Kim and Jo 2025] [Kirby and Newsom 1964] [Kirby et al. 1963] [Kolesar 1971] [Kolesar et al. 1970a] [Kolesar et al. 1970b] [Kong et al. 2025] [Kukla 2026] [Kutney 1964a] [Lade and Guérin 2026] [Lake et al. 1994] [Large Scale Static Tests 1978] [Lee and Lee 2013] [Li 2024] [Li et al. 2024c] [Liao et al. 2024] [Lichen et al. 2025] [Lichota 2023] [Liu 1962] [Lockhart] [Longhurst 1966] [Lu et al. 2016c] [Lu et al. 2021] [Magee 1983] [Magee and Alexander 1973] [Magee and Wernicke 1979] [Maisel and Harris 1981] [Maisel et al. 2000] [Marr et al. 1974] [Marr et al. 1976] [Mathur and Atkins 2026] [Matthys and Scroggs 1984] [Maurya et al. 2022] [May et al. 2022] [McCarthy and Chattopadhyay 1996] [McCormick and Mallen 1956] [McCormick and Mallen 1957] [Meakin 1995] [Michaelsen 1971] [Morris and Alexander 1978] [Murphy and Landman 2015] [Murugan and Lm 2023] [Müller and Moormann 2023] [NASA/HAA Advanced Rotorcraft Technology 1980] [Newsom 1962a] [Newsom 1962b] [Newsom and Tosti 1959] [Newsom and Tosti 1962] [Nguyen et al. 2023] [Notarstefano and Hauser 2010] [Oh et al. 2026] [Omar and Lampkin 1977] [Osa et al. 2014] [Osa et al. 2016] [Osa et al. 2017] [Osa et al. 2021] [Osa et al. 2022] [Ostermann 2016] [Oyama et al. 2024] [Harendra et al. 1973] [Pacini et al. 2023] [Papachristos et al. 2013] [Helicopters et al. 2025] [Pegg 1962] [Pei and Roithmayr 2022] [Pei et al. 2023] [Persson and Lawrence 2017] [Potonides 1979] [Pradeep and Wei 2018b] [Primatesta et al. 2023] [Putman 1961] [Putman 1969] [Quackenbush et al. 2010] [Quigley and Franklin 1977] [Raghavan et al. 1990] [Rais-Rohani and Baker 1994] [Robinson 2015] [Rohr et al. 2019] [Rosenstein and Clark 1986] [Rostami et al. 2023] [Rothhaar et al. 2014] [Sawron 2026] [Schmalzel et al] [Seung et al. 2017] [Shankar et al. 2026] [Shivers 1970] [Shovlin and Gambucci 1978] [Simmons and Ackerman 2026] [Simmons and Murphy 2021] [Simmons et al. 2025c] [Simoes Pessoa] [Smith 1968] [Song et al. 2015] [Geuther et al. 2020] [Strand and Levinsky 1969] [Stratton and Landman 2021] [Sullivan 1972] [Meza et al. 2024] [Taher et al. 2026] [Tai and Vorwald 1993] [Taubert et al. 2021] [Templin et al] [The Boeing Canard Rotor/wing 2004] [Theodore et al. 2014] [Thiemeier et al. 2019] [Thomason 1978] [Thomason 1982] [Tischler et al. 1983] [Tosti 1959] [Tosti 1962] [Turney and Allen 1980] [Rohit 2024] [Voskuijl and Walker 2007] [Walker and Perfect 2007] [Wang and Cai 2015] [Wang et al. 2021h] [Wang et al. 2022c] [Wang et al. 2024e] [Wang et al. 2026c] [Weiberg and Holzhauser 1961a] [Wellman 1992] [Wernicke 1977] [Wernicke 1980] [Wernicke et al. 1980] [Wilson et al. 1983] [Wind Tunnel and Ground 1976] [Wu et al. 2016] [Xing et al. 2025] [Xiong et al. 2026] [Yamazaki et al. 2025] [Yanguo and Huanjin 2009] [Yassini and Syrovy 2002] [Yeh et al. 2023] [Yeo and Johnson 2009] [Yiru et al. 2020] [Yokota et al. 2021] [Youngshin Kang et al. 2008] [Yu et al. 2006] [Yuan et al. 2020a] [Yuan et al. 2020b] [Zabinsky and Higgins 1975] [Zhang et al. 2014b] [Zhang et al. 2017h] [Zhang et al. 2022d] [Zhao and Wang 2016] [Zhao et al. 2023c] [Zhao et al. 2025a] [Zhong Chen et al]
V/STOL aircraft and the configuration class
The class as a whole. Surveys, programme reports and design studies of vertical and short take-off aircraft, jet-lift, lift-fan and ejector concepts, and their operational and historical assessments, from the conference records of the 1960s to the electric aircraft of the present.
291 records. [A Preliminary Study 1961] [Adamski et al. 2014] [Aircraft Design 2024] [Albers and Zuk 1987] [Albers and Zuk 1988] [Albers and Zuk 1990] [Albers and Zuk 1992] [Alford et al. 1963] [Allel et al. 2023] [Alsalem and Zohdy 2023] [Alvarez muñoz] [American Helicopter Society INC Washington DC 1965] [Anderson 1977] [Anderson 1981] [Anderson 1983] [Anderson 1990] [Anderson and Lebacqz 1997] [Anderson and Petersen 1977] [Androsky et al. 1972] [Avera 2019] [Barton 1966] [Basgall et al. 2024] [Beebe 1968] [Bell Aerospace Co Buffalo Ny 1970] [Bhardwaj and Holzapfel 2025] [Binkley 1986] [Birckelbaw and Nelson 1992] [Bischoff and Palmer 1983] [Bloomfield 1959] [Bobbitt and Margason 2007] [Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div 1956] [Bogner et al. 2025] [Boling et al. 2020] [Borst and Mergen 1961] [Bradfield 1981] [Bretoi 1968] [Bridgelall et al. 2022] [Bright 1966] [Brown et al. 2015] [Buchholz 2002] [Burgan and Paddison 1974] [Burks 1989] [Caldwell and Lafavor 1980] [Calvano and Harney 1998] [Camacho 1991] [Campbell 1959] [Campbell 1960] [Campbell 1962] [Campbell 1963] [Campbell 1965] [Campbell 1967] [Campbell 1968] [Campbell 1979] [Carpenter 1970] [Chana 2002] [Choi and Suk 2026] [Clark 1983] [Cochrane et al. 1981] [Cohan and Hirsh 1966] [Tian et al. 2021] [Conway 1961] [Coolican 2002] [Cornes 2019] [Cotton 1967] [Courtin and Hansman 2019] [Crafa and Reed 1980] [Dansby et al. 1964] [Deckert 1977] [Deckert 1979] [Deckert and Franklin 1985] [Deckert and Hickey 1967] [Deckert and Hickey 1970] [Deckert and Holzhauser 1973] [Defense Science Board Washington Dc 1979] [Desilets] [Deveaux 1965] [Diekmann 2017] [Diekmann 2019] [Kidwell and Rapp 1985] [Nelms and Durston 1980] [Nelms et al. 1980] [Nelms et al. 1981] [Samuels and Payne 1990] [Scientific and Technical Information Division 1966] [Durbin and McGeer 1982] [Durston and Smith 1981] [Egerton and Fitzpatrick 1967] [Eisler] [English et al. 1966] [eVTOL 2026] [Experimental Development and Evaluation 2006] [Fatima et al. 2020] [Feistel et al. 1966] [Feistel et al. 1972] [Firsov and Kulik 2017] [Fishbach and Strack 1968] [Flaig 1977] [Frey 2011] [Fry 1968] [Fry and Zabinsky 1967] [Galloway 1989] [Gamon 1988] [Gappa 1964] [Garner 1967] [Gawenda 2025] [Girfanov and Pavlov 2010] [Glizde and Urbaha 2019] [Goto and Miwa 2017] [Gowanlock 2025] [Grady and Lindenbaum 2000] [Green and Andrews 1989] [Ground Tests of Piasecki 1958] [Gunnarson 2014] [Ha et al. 2020] [Hafer and Sachs 1982] [Hamilton and Richardson 1988] [Harding] [Harper 1966] [Harris 1956] [Harris and Dow 2015] [Hasbrook 1957] [Hellyar 1970] [Henderson 1964] [Herbst et al. 2015] [Hine et al. 2024] [Hirschberg 1997] [Hirsh 1965] [Hiscock 1981] [Hoffert 1964] [How to Tackle 2022] [Howze 1969] [Hu et al. 2025b] [Issues Associated with Development] [Jain and Mukkamala 2016] [Johansen 1970] [Campbell 1964] [Joshi et al. 2019] [Kalemaris and Cea 1977] [Kappus 1969] [Kelley 1970] [Kelly et al. 1977] [Kibens et al. 1988] [Kikuhara and Tokuda 1965] [Kikuhara and Tokuda 1966] [Kim et al. 2023e] [Kimberlin and Sinha 1983] [Kinzer 2008] [Koenig et al. 1977] [Kondoleon 1968] [Kuhn 1967] [Kuhn 1979] [Kuhn 1980] [LaBiche 2003] [Lacey 1977] [Landfield and Henderson 1984] [Levine and Inglis 1989] [Levinsky and Ramsey 1972] [Lewandowski 1980] [Lightfoot 1968] [Likhite 2022] [Lim] [Lind and Tamplin 1981] [Liseitsev 2025a] [Littell 2019] [Loh and Jacob 2014] [Love 2020] [Macdonald] [Marchese 1963] [Marchinski 1974] [Marsh 1967a] [Marsh 1967b] [Matheis and Norrefeldt 2026] [Mazzitelli 1957] [McCormick 1976] [McElreath 1972] [McKinney and Newsom 1962] [Merrick 1982] [Metreveli 2002] [Mistree 1987] [Mohd Ali et al. 2023] [Muse 1961] [Conference on V/Stol Aircraft 1960] [NASA Conference on V/STOL 1960, NASA Conference on V/STOL Aircraft] [Nicholson and lowry 1966] [Novak 1970] [O’Brien and Delgado 2024] [O’Mallei 1957] [O’Malley 1959] [O’Malley and Landphair 1958] [Ogden 2023] [Page et al. 2005] [Patire et al. 2016] [Paxhia and Cord 1963] [Pinson and Ryan 1972] [Pittsburgh Univ Washington DC Research Staff 1966] [Price 1964b] [Qanbari and Skorupski 2025] [Qin 2023] [Raymer 2012] [Raymer 2018] [Razak and Craig 1961] [Reber 1981] [Representative Operations of V/STOL 2002] [Research Directed toward Determination 1968] [Kirby 1960b] [Roberts 1989] [Roberts and Anderson 1977] [Roberts and Deckert 1982] [Roberts et al. 1981] [Rodriguez-Alfaro et al. 2015] [Rubbert 1969] [Russo and Tan 2023] [Saemi and Benedict 2023] [Saj et al. 2023] [Salkind 1973] [Sanders 1964] [Sarames 1967] [Schaefer 2016] [Schaefer and Velten 1970] [Schaefer and Velten 1971] [Schneider 1989] [Schrage and Meyer 1986] [Schwaiger and Wills 2016] [Scott 1970] [Seckel 1964] [Seitz and Goodson 1973] [Selegan 1983] [Simpson 1969] [Sinha and Ananthkrishnan 2002] [Sisák and Škultéty 2020] [Sivan 1971] [Sloman 2019] [Sloman and Scott 2018] [Smith 1996] [Smith 1997b] [Smith and Belina 1974] [Statler 1966] [Stepniewski and Schneider 1964] [Suppes and Suppes 2026] [Sutherland 1973] [Syrovy and Yassini 2003] [Szlenkier 1972] [Terpecz 2023] [Terpecz and Schuster 2024] [The Jet Lift Controversy 1962] [Tokuoka et al. 2025] [Tremblay 2026] [Tuccillo and Ruocco 2025] [Turner 1969] [Udroiu and Blaj 2016] [Uehara et al. 2019] [Ugwueze et al. 2023b] [V/STOL Conference Palo Alto 1977] [V/STOL R and D 1971] [V/STOL 1971] [Venusamy et al. 2023] [Vertical Flight 2013] [Vertical Take-off Aircraft 2001] [Vertical Takeoff and Landing 2014] [Virasak 2022] [VTOL 1971] [VTOL 1969] [Nelms and Anderson 1984] [Wachtell 1970] [Waesche and Migdal 1977] [Wardwell et al. 1986] [Wetmore 1965] [Wetmore 1966] [White 1968] [White et al. 1985] [Whitten 1960] [Willis and Genever-Watling 1977] [Wilson and Bennett 1983] [Winborn 1969] [Winborn 1970] [Windolph 1969] [Wood 1967] [Yanev and Staack 2026] [Yang and Wang 2017] [Yang et al. 2025b] [Yoeli 2003] [Yuan 2024] [Zabinsky 1966] [Zabinsky and Burnham 1975] [Zafirov 2013] [Zha et al. 2019] [Zhang 2017] [Ziakkas et al. 2024] [Zimmerman 1957] [Zimmerman 1960] [Zimmermann 1963]
Engines, lift jets and propulsion
The engine, which is most of the aeroplane. Lift jets and lift fans, propulsion systems for vertical take-off aircraft, engine control and thrust response, inlets and their distortion, and hybrid-electric propulsion. 129 titles name a lift engine, a lift fan or a vertical take-off aircraft.
280 records. [A New Aero-Engine Dynamometer 1932] [Abbott et al. 1978] [Aiken 1977] [Aircraft Sizing Engine Matching 2010] [Airey 1969] [Al-Tael et al. 2003] [Alothman 2025] [Anderson 1967] [Anderson et al. 2024] [Andrei et al. 2017] [Appendix E 2002] [Arnold and Maunder 1961] [Barbosa Marques and Silva 2021] [Barrack and Kirk 1968a] [Barrett 1952] [Batterton and Blaha 1987] [Batterton and Blaha 1988] [Baxter 1959] [Becker and Frounfelker 1992] [Beneda et al. 2018] [Biesiadny et al. 1993] [Bitondo et al. 1954] [Bittrick 1980] [Boles et al. 1984] [Brase 1988] [Brelje and Martins 2018] [Brown 1981] [Brun et al. 2014] [Burley 1984] [Burley and Hwang 1982] [Burnell et al. 1973] [Burstadt and Johns 1983] [Campbell and Quinn 1974] [Ciepluch et al. 1979] [Giurca 2025] [Huang et al. 2020] [Hubble and Smith 1979] [Hutcheson 1976] [Irmawan 2026] [L’Ecuyer et al. 1971] [Li et al. 2026a] [Maghsoudi et al. 2020] [Overall 1976] [Sedlock 1985] [Shain 1978] [Snyder] [Chu et al. 1983] [Ciminera 1980] [Clough 1990] [Cäsar et al. 2025] [Dantsker et al. 2018b] [Darling et al. 1970] [Denning 1962] [Determination of Engine Power 2003] [Diedrich et al. 1971] [Digital Engine Control 1982] [Dillenius and Mendenhall 1979] [Douglass 1963] [Driggers et al. 1982] [Duan 2022] [Dugas 1968] [Eccles 1983] [Ehrich and Glessner 1964] [Evans et al. 1974] [Fawke and Saravanamuttoo 1971] [Foley and Woodrey 1980] [Foy and Lawrence 2005] [Franke and Hafer 1963] [Franklin and Stortz 1989] [Franklin et al. 1990] [Fredericks et al. 2013b] [Friedrich and Robertson 2013] [Friedrich and Robertson 2015] [Fuel Consumption Range 1992] [Főző and Andoga 2022] [Gainutdinov et al. 2026] [Garcia et al. 2026] [Garg and Mattern 1994] [Gerend 1971] [Gerolymos et al. 2009] [Gertsma and Zigan 1973] [Giurca 2014] [Glasgow and Skarshaug 1980] [Glasgow et al. 1981] [Glasgow et al. 1983] [Goraj and Cichocka 2016] [Harris 1969] [Hatta and Matsuki 1964] [Havey and Kline 1989] [Hess 2019] [Hewson 1959] [Hill 1971] [Hill and Jenkins 1979] [Hill and Schmitt 1964] [Hladik et al. 2020] [Holdhusen and Perusse 1965] [Hoskin 1993] [Hrabovsky et al. 2014] [Hua et al. 2014] [Hua et al. 2015] [Hwang 1983] [Hwang 1984] [Hwang and Abbott 1982] [Hwang and Diedrich 1981] [Hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion mission] [Ismail et al. 2026] [Jacobson 1964] [Jacobson 1965] [Jacocks and Kneile 1975] [Jenkins and Hess 2016] [Jet Engine 2005] [Jet Engine Exhaust Gas 1957] [Jie and Xu 2024] [Kanishk Mahaveer Jain 2025] [Kawauchi 2026] [Kelly and Tolhurst 1966] [Kentfield 1967] [Kohn 1972] [Korn 1974] [Kotsiopoulos et al. 1997] [Kress 1980] [Kutney 1964b] [Kutney 1966] [Lampkin 1980] [Lancey and Cooper 1989] [Lander and Palcza 1974] [Langston 2016] [Large 1981] [Laskowitz 1963] [Lavi 1967a] [Lee 2026] [Lee and Yee 2024] [Lee et al. 2022a] [Lemmin 1986] [Lepicovsky 2008] [Lewis 1989] [Lewis and Lewis 1981] [Li and Jiang 2026] [Li et al. 2024e] [Li et al. 2025b] [Lilley et al. 1991] [Lilley et al. 1992] [Litt and Guo 2008] [Litt and Sowers 2006] [Liu et al. 2025d] [Long Lu and Turkoglu 2015] [Lowry 1979] [Lu] [Luidens et al. 1981] [Lykyanov and Adler 2023] [Saari 1958] [Maggitti 1965] [Mahmood et al. 2005] [Matsuki and Torisaki 1967] [Matsuki et al. 1971] [McDonald 2014] [McIntire and Monson 1970] [Mello and Kotansky 1985] [Milde 2003] [Milde et al. 2003] [Miller et al. 1981] [Mo et al. 2024] [Mohammadi et al. 2026] [Moller 1985] [Myers and Walsh 1988] [Nelms and Durston 1981] [Ng and Datta 2018] [Ng and Datta 2019] [Ng et al. 2019] [Ng et al. 2020] [Nichols 1960] [Nishimura 1980] [Obertino et al. 2023] [Ortamevzi 2025] [Ouyang et al. 2024] [Palko 1973] [Pang et al. 2024] [Park 2025] [Park 2026] [Park and Park 2025] [Park and Park 2026] [Park et al. 2022c] [Park et al. 2022b] [Park et al. 2026] [Patel et al. 2018] [Pieper 1965] [Pilsch 1975] [Platzer and Margason 1976] [PlCKERELL and Cresswell 1968] [Podguzov et al. 2024] [Portlock and Cubero] [Pushpangathan et al. 2018] [Pyle 1971] [Qi et al] [Qi et al. 1992a] [Razinsky 1988] [Reed 1980] [Solutions et al. 2020] [Richardson 1966] [Robbins 1967] [Rodenbaugh and Veno 1965] [Romeu 2018] [Roth et al. 1980] [Ryan et al. 1975] [Saboe 1963] [Saddington and Knowles 2001] [Sallee 1964] [Salter 1975] [Sawata and Dinu 2025] [Schmitz et al. 2026] [Scholz 2021] [Sekar et al. 2021] [Sellers and Szuch 1973] [Serovy and Kavanagh 1974] [Sheridan 1985] [Sheridan 1986] [Sherman 1964] [Slyusar 2021] [Smith and McArdle 1992] [Snyder 2020] [Song et al. 2024a] [Stephenson 1961] [Stepniewski 1959] [Stockman 1974] [Stockman 1975] [Stockman 1979] [Strack 1973] [Streiff and Henderson 1974] [Sulkoske et al. 1977] [Swick and Skarvan 1967] [Szuch 1978] [Tagashira et al. 2009] [Tao et al. 2024] [Terrier and Lu 2005] [The Creation of Thrust 2003] [The Creation of Thrust 2015] [Thrust-to-Weight Ratio and Wing 2024] [Tindell 1966] [Tudosie 2012a] [Tudosie 2012b] [Tudosie 2017a] [Tudosie 2017b] [Tudosie 2017c] [Tudosie 2018] [Tudosie 2023] [Tudosie 2024] [Turbojet Engines 2022] [Tyson 1964] [Tărăbîc et al. 2026] [V/STOL Propulsion Control Analysis 1981] [Valeriya 2026] [Villarreal-Valderrama et al. 2020] [Wall and Meyer 2017] [Wang et al. 2023b] [Warsch et al. 2026] [Wei et al. 2021a] [Wei et al. 2022] [Whitfield and Blackburn 1965] [Whittely 1979] [Willis 1980a] [Willis 1980b] [Willis 1981a] [Wilson and Mahoney 1988] [Wilson et al. 1981b] [Woollett 1981] [Wu et al. 2024d] [Yamanaka 1972] [Yang et al. 2026a] [Ybarra et al. 1978] [Young 1961] [Yunusov et al. 2006] [Zabinsky 1964] [Zagranski et al. 1974] [Zhang et al. 2024a] [Zhao et al. 1995] [Zhao et al. 1996] [Zhou and Xin 2020] [Zong et al. 2022] [Zvegintsev 2022] [Zvegintsev 2023]
Hover, station keeping and disturbance
The hover as a flight condition. Rotor performance and aerodynamics in the hover, hover control and station keeping, and the response of hovering aircraft to gusts, wind and turbulence. 156 titles name a rotor, which is where the modern literature of hovering lives.
255 records. [Aboudorra et al. 2024] [Agarwal and Deese 1986] [Agarwal et al. 2022] [Aircraft Hovering Control 2007] [Albachten 1956] [Albang and Roberts 1974] [Aldebrez et al. 2004] [Andrisani et al. 2016] [Andronikos et al. 2021] [Asper and Sirohi 2024] [Axten and Johnson 2020] [Bachelder et al. 2002] [Bailey 1987] [Balch 1983] [Balch 1984] [Balch 1985] [Ballard et al. 1979] [Ballard et al. 1980] [Bannwarth et al. 2016] [Benedict et al. 2013] [Benedict et al. 2015] [Bertelsen 2016] [Bhagwat et al. 2006] [Biezad 1994] [Binyamin et al. 2026] [Blaser 1969] [Bondyra et al. 2022] [Buffum and Robertson 1966] [Buffum and Robertson 1967] [Carmichael and McNay 1961] [Carnes and Coder 2019] [Carnes and Coder 2022] [Carpenter and Hodgkinson 1981] [Chapter 14. Control 1994] [Chen and Hubner 2020] [Chen and Wang 2019] [Chen et al. 1987] [Cheng and Wang 2023] [Ciann-Dong Yang and Wen-Hsiung Liu] [Connors and Swaim 1968] [Cox-Gross and Collins 2025] [Crim 1959] [Culpepper et al. 1979] [Curtiss and Sumantran 1985] [Dai et al. 2025] [Datta et al. 2009] [Datta et al. 2013] [Dawson 1982] [Deal et al. 1967] [Denham and Paines 2008] [Drinkwater et al. 1965a] [Du et al. 2016] [Elliott and Schreiber 1964] [Eshcol et al. 2018] [Euler/Navier-Stokes Computations 1990] [Fang 2025] [Feil et al. 2016] [Felker and Light 1986a] [Fortin and Ahuja 2024a] [Fourie and Jones 2015] [Fullmer et al] [Fulton et al. 2026] [Ganchaudhuri and Bhawal 2025] [Ganti and Baeder 2012] [García Carrillo et al. 2013] [Garren et al. 1965] [Gerdes and Rolls 1969] [Gilbert 1985] [Gordillo et al. 2025] [Granata et al. 2024] [Gray et al. 1953] [Gress 2003b] [Grunwald 2005] [Gupta and Bryson 1976] [Gust Response Equations 1988] [Hah and Lakshminarayana 1980] [Hammond 1966] [Han et al. 2021] [Harada et al. 2012] [Hariharan et al. 2015] [Harris 1999] [Heintz et al. 2024] [Herzog et al. 1975] [Hill 1966] [Hnidka and Rozehnal 2019] [Hodges et al. 1988] [Huo] [Huo et al. 2019a] [Hwang and Kwon 2015] [Jain 2017] [Jain 2018] [Ji et al. 2026] [Jiang and Zhang 2016a] [Jiao et al. 2018] [Jimenez and Singh 2015] [Jimenez-Garcia and Barakos 2017] [Johnson and Sirohi 2024] [Kawachi 1982] [Kazan and Krause 1967] [Kazan and Krause 1968] [Kellen and Benedict 2018] [Kenwright et al. 1998] [Kim et al. 2020] [Kirby 1954a] [Klimchenko et al. 2023] [Klinar and Craig 1961b] [Klingloff et al. 1965] [Komerath et al. 1985] [Kong et al. 2020] [Kung and Yang 2003] [Lakshminarayan et al. 2019] [Lampl and Armanini 2023] [Landgrebe 1971] [Landgrebe 1972] [Landi and Caccetta 2025] [Lee and Kim 1993] [Lee and Park 2022] [Lee et al. 2010] [Lei and Lin 2019] [Lei et al. 2020a] [Lei et al. 2020b] [Lei et al. 2021a] [Lei et al. 2021b] [Lei et al. 2023] [Li et al. 2015b] [Li et al. 2023c] [Lim and Moerder 2007b] [Liu et al. 1983] [Lobb et al. 2026] [Lohar 2000] [Lovas 2026] [Lu and Terrier 2003] [Magier and Fellouah 2025] [Makeev 2026b] [Makeev 2026c] [Malyar and Shcheholskyi 2026] [Marpu et al. 2014] [Martin et al. 1999] [Martinez et al. 2019] [Masajedi et al. 2012] [McCaskill 1953] [McHugh and Taylor 1976] [Merabet and Laurendeau 2022] [Mihaila et al. 2026] [Miller 1948] [Miller 1982] [Miller 1983b] [Min and Wake 2015] [Mobley et al. 2021] [Mortimer and Sirohi 2024] [Mortimer et al. 2026] [Murakami et al. 2019] [Murat Koc et al. 2016] [Naumowicz and Smith 1992] [Overmeyer and Martin 2017b] [Overmeyer and Martin 2017a] [Ramesh and Jeyan 2022] [Panayotov et al. 2019] [Panayotov et al. 2020] [Parwani and Coder 2018] [Peddle et al. 2009] [Pieper] [Pieper et al] [Platzer et al. 2016] [Pomin and Wagner 2001] [Putman et al. 1977] [Pérez Gordillo et al. 2019] [Qu et al. 2026a] [Quackenbush and Wachspress 2006] [Quackenbush et al. 2019] [Rajagopalan 1988] [Rajendiran Vijayaraj et al. 2024] [Ramachandran et al. 1989] [Raza et al. 2018] [Reid 1982] [Riboldi and Rolando 2023] [Robinson et al. 2014] [Roh et al. 2020] [Roltgen and Byrnes 1991] [Rondon et al. 2013] [Rossow 1985] [Runco et al. 2019] [Sankar and Komerath 1988] [Sankar et al. 2015] [Saripalli 1995] [Sato et al. 2009] [Scicluna et al. 2019] [Seher-Weiß and Jones 2021] [Seher-Weiß et al. 2020] [Setiawan] [Shahmiri 2017] [Sheen et al. 2023] [Sheng 2018] [Sheng and Zhao 2026] [Sheng et al. 2014] [Sheng et al. 2015] [Sheng et al. 2018] [Shenoy and Gray 1981] [Shree et al. 2017] [Silwal and Raghav 2020] [Singh et al. 2019b] [Sirohi 2013] [Son and Kim 2023] [Sridhar and Phatak 1989] [Srinathkumar 2018] [Stahl et al. 2018] [Stapleford 1980] [Stauffer et al. 1990] [Steils 1965] [Steils 1966] [Stephens et al. 2025] [Stewart et al. 2026] [Strawn and Djomehri 2002] [Swaim 1971] [Swaim and Connor 1968] [Swanson 1993] [Tinney and Valdez 2024] [Tischler et al. 1996] [Tiwari] [Torshizi et al. 2026] [Totah and Patterson 1988] [Valdez and Tinney 2022] [Vasilescu and Dancila 2006] [Velkoff and Parker 1982] [Velkoff et al. 1971] [Wang 2025] [Warsett 1953] [Watanabe et al. 2021] [Watanabe et al. 2025] [Weber 1982] [Webster et al. 1995] [Weilenmann and Geering 1993] [Weilenmann and Geering 1994] [Welsch and Fichter 2021] [Whidborne and Cooke 2017] [Whidborne et al. 2022] [Whitaker et al. 1977] [Willshire and Martin 1984] [Wong 2008] [Wong et al. 2005] [Wu et al. 2021] [Xu et al. 2015] [Xu et al. 2018b] [Yamaguchi 2026] [Yang et al. 2023b] [Zha et al. 2024] [Zhao 2018] [Zhao and Sheng 2015] [Zhao and Sheng 2021] [Zhao and Sheng 2022] [Zhao and Sheng 2024] [Zhao et al. 2014] [Zhao et al. 2025d] [Zheng et al. 2016] [Zhu et al. 2017]
Urban air mobility and the vertiport
The prepared surface as infrastructure. Vertiport siting, design, capacity and operations, the urban air mobility aircraft that use them, and the terminal area of the V/STOL aircraft of the 1960s. 152 titles name a vertiport or heliport and 59 a location, siting or placement problem. The word vertiport appears in a title from 1967, and 13 records date from before 1990, so the civil planning problem the review describes was first posed for the period’s V/STOL transports.
235 records. [Abraham et al. 2026] [Adebimpe 2023] [Aires et al. 2022a] [Aires et al. 2022b] [Al labbad] [Almasabi and Zhang 2026] [Ariante and Papa 2024] [Babu and Ramamoorthy 2026] [Bae et al. 2022] [Baltazar et al. 2026] [Bassey 2025] [Bernyk et al. 2023] [Bhandari and Chakraborty 2025] [Brignardello 2023] [Bris and Nguyen 2022] [Le Bris and Nguyen 2023a] [Brunelli et al. 2023] [Buley 1970] [Cacciavillani and Ielmini 2019] [Cakin et al. 2020] [Cha et al. 2025] [Chae et al. 2023] [Chakraborty et al. 2023] [Chakraborty et al. 2024] [Chamberlain et al. 2026] [Champine 1971] [Chapman 2019] [Chati et al. 2026] [Chen et al. 2026d] [Cheng et al. 2026b] [Cheyno 1967] [Choi et al. 2021] [Choi et al. 2026b] [Cohen 1996] [Comer and Chakraborty 2023] [Conrad et al. 2024] [Cureton 2020] [Doff-Sotta et al. 2022] [Donateo and Çinar 2022] [Ellis et al. 2023] [Ferrare] [Fujisawa and Maki 2025] [Fujisawa et al. 2022] [Furlan et al. 2026] [Garcia Perez et al. 2023] [García Crespillo et al. 2024] [Garman and Andrisani 2003] [Garren et al. 1970a] [Garren et al. 1970b] [Gerdes and Hynes 1971] [Gilmore 2025] [Gottschalg et al. 2025] [Gottschalg et al. 2026] [Gouveia et al. 2022] [Guo et al. 2025a] [Guo et al. 2025b] [Ha et al. 2026] [Hascaryo and Merret 2020] [He et al. 2023] [Heilein and Crespillo 2024] [Hendricks et al. 2019] [Heo and Lee 2024] [Heo et al. 2026] [Hess et al. 2024] [Hijazeen et al. 2026] [Hollister 1969] [Hollister et al. 1970] [Homola and Tiwari 2023] [Horton et al. 2025] [Huh et al. 2026] [Huynh et al. 2025] [Janetzko et al. 2024] [Cornelius] [Jensen 1990] [Jeong et al. 2024d] [Aires et al] [Jiang et al. 2025d] [Jin and Ma 2025] [Jin et al. 2024] [Johnson and Silva 2018] [Johnson et al. 2018] [Johnson et al. 2024] [Johnson et al. 2025] [Jäckel et al. 2021] [Kai et al. 2022] [Kawamura et al. 2024] [남서울대학교 대학원 빅테이터콘텐츠융합학과 교수 and Kim 2025] [Kim and Hong 2024] [Kim and Park 2022] [Kim et al. 2024a] [Kim et al. 2024b] [Kotwicz Herniczek and German 2024] [Kotwicz Herniczek et al. 2024] [Kraenzler et al. 2019] [Krois et al. 2024] [Kumar 2026] [Köse and Özuysal 2023] [Nunes et al. 2025a] [Shin et al. 2022] [Vu et al. 2025] [Laghrib et al. 2024] [Le Bris and Nguyen 2023b] [WSP et al. 2025] [Lebacqz and Radford 1978] [Lebacqz and Scott 1985] [Lee et al. 2024b] [Lee et al. 2025a] [Lepe and Huynh 2026] [Lerro 2020] [Li et al. 2023e] [Li et al. 2025d] [Li et al. 2026h] [Li et al. 2026j] [Lippoldt et al. 2023] [Liu and Wang 2024] [Liu et al. 2023c] [Liu et al. 2026e] [Liu et al. 2026f] [Louis-Ferdinand et al. 2025] [Lu et al. 2025] [Luo and Chen 2026] [Lv et al. 2026] [Lyu and Feng 2026] [Ma and Xiao 2026] [Maksoud et al. 2025] [Maleki et al. 2024] [Maleki et al. 2025] [Maleki et al. 2026] [Malpica et al. 2023] [Mannan and Hassanalian 2024] [mao et al 2026] [Marzouk 2025] [McKercher] [Mendonca et al. 2022] [Mercan et al. 2025] [Miccio et al. 2024] [Mihara and Nakano 2021] [MirkoviĆ and Sindik 2024] [Mirković et al. 2026] [Mishra and Chakraborty 2024a] [Mishra and Chakraborty 2024b] [Mishra et al. 2025] [Moore and Hassanalian 2025] [Mulyanto et al. 2026] [Niemiec et al. 2020] [Zawodny et al. 2023] [Omorodion 2023] [Palaia et al. 2021] [Park and Kim 2022] [Park and Kim 2026] [Park et al. 2022d] [Patil and García-Sánchez 2025] [Diaz and Yoon] [Darmstadt et al. 2021] [Pavel 2022] [Peisen and Ferguson 1996] [Peksa et al. 2023] [Peng et al. 2022] [Petit and Ribeiro 2025] [Preis and Cheng 2022] [Preis and Hornung 2022b] [Preis and Hornung 2022a] [Preis and Hornung 2022c] [Qiao et al. 2026a] [Qin et al. 2026] [Quantifying Pilot Visual Attention 2012] [Rakas 2022] [Rawat and Kupietz 2026] [Reeder 1965] [Reeder 1967] [Rimjha and Trani 2021] [Rohrmeier et al. 2025] [Sagaga and Lee 2020] [Santhosh 2023] [Schade 1968] [Schiltgen et al. 2014] [Schrage et al. 2018b] [Schweiger and Knabe 2023] [Schweiger and Preis 2022] [Schweiger et al. 2023] [Scontre et al. 2026] [Shaik 2026] [Sheth 2023] [Shukla et al. 2026] [Silva et al. 2018] [Son et al. 2023] [Stefana et al. 2024] [Tang et al. 2026] [Taylor et al. 2020] [Theron et al. 2020] [Tonannavar and Garg 2026] [Unverricht et al. 2024] [Vandy 2026] [Vascik and Hansman 2019] [Vasiloff et al. 2025] [Veldhuizen et al. 2026] [Veneruso et al. 2023] [Venkatesh et al. 2020] [Vertiports - Infrastructure and] [Vieira et al. 2019] [Volakakis and Mahmassani 2024] [Volakakis and Mahmassani 2025] [Waithe and Deere 2003] [Wang and Xu 2026] [Wang et al. 2025i] [Wang et al. 2026e] [Wilhelms et al. 2026] [Wille et al. 2026] [Hindson et al. 1993] [Wing et al. 2020] [Winter et al. 2025] [Wu et al. 2025c] [Xie et al. 2026] [Xiong et al. 2023] [Yan et al. 2026] [Yang et al. 2026e] [Yilmaz et al. 2019] [Yoon et al. 2025] [Young and Rajagopalan 2013] [Yu 2023] [Zare et al. 2025] [Zare et al. 2026] [Zelinski 2020] [Zhang and Hwang 2025] [Zhang and Wang 2026] [Zhang et al. 2022c] [Zhang et al. 2025f] [Zhang et al. 2026f] [Zhao and Feng 2024] [Zhao and Han 2026] [Zhao et al. 2025e] [Zhou et al. 2026a] [Zhou et al. 2026b] [Zhou et al. 2026c] [Zintl et al. 2024]
The transition and the control handover
The article’s keystone, as the field names it. Transition and conversion between the hover and wingborne flight, its corridors, trajectories, control and aerodynamics, from the jet and tilt-wing models of the 1960s to the drones of the present. 84 titles name a tilting configuration, and the vertical-attitude transition of the X-13 is the minority case.
190 records. [Akhtar and Maqsood 2024] [Angelov and Holzapfel 2022] [Ansari et al. 2018] [Appleton et al. 2021] [Arumugam and Chidambaram 2025] [Axten and Johnson 2021] [Bhardwaj and Holzapfel 2024] [Bhardwaj et al. 2019b] [Boekfah 2017] [Burton et al. 2026] [Casau et al. 2011a] [Casau et al. 2011b] [Chen 2019] [Chen et al. 2021] [Chen et al. 2026f] [Cheng and Pei 2020] [Cheng and Pei 2021] [Cheng et al. 2020b] [Cheng et al. 2022] [Chi et al. 2022a] [Chu et al. 2009] [Clark et al. 1982] [Combey et al. 2026] [Comer et al. 2026c] [Cook and Hauser 2018] [Dawe et al. 2025] [De Blauwe et al. 2007] [de Paula et al. 2025] [Doff-Sotta et al. 2023] [Dollinger et al. 2021a] [Dorr et al. 1992] [Dorr et al. 1994] [Drinkwater 1960] [Drinkwater 1961] [Droandi et al. 2018] [Elanchezhian and Anitha 2023] [Engelland 1991] [Englar and Kirkpatrick 1969] [Equations of Motion 2002] [Erhard et al. 2025] [J. Victor Lebacqz; Edwin W. Aiken 1978] [Favaro et al. 2025b] [Favaro et al. 2025a] [Fearn and Margason 1969] [Flores and Lozano 2013] [LaForge et al. 1990] [Foster et al. 1987] [Frank et al. 2007] [Franklin et al. 1988] [Franklin et al. 1989] [Fu et al. 2018] [Fu et al. 2020] [Gai et al. 2014] [Gao et al. 2024] [Gao et al. 2025] [Perez et al. 2024] [Garg et al. 1990] [Gentry and Margason 1968] [Grahame 1968] [Grahame 1969] [Gress 2024] [Guan et al. 2025] [Hadytama and Sasongko 2016] [Hartmann et al. 2016] [Hegde et al. 2021] [Holsten and Moormann 2014] [Hsu et al. 2023] [Hsu et al. 2024] [Hu et al. 2024a] [Huang and German 2025] [Huntley 1972] [jian-jian et al 2019] [Jiang and Zhang 2016b] [Jin and Zhao 2025] [Bullock et al] [Johnson and Craig 1974] [Johnson and Craig 1976] [Kelley 1962] [Key 1970] [Kim 2026a] [Kim et al. 2025b] [Krishnakumar et al. 2014] [Kuhn 1981] [Kuhn and Vogler 1965] [Lebacqz and Aiken 1975a] [Lee et al. 2024a] [Levinsky et al. 1969] [Levinsky et al. 1970] [Li 2008] [Li et al. 2023h] [Li et al. 2024b] [Li et al. 2024i] [Li et al. 2025a] [Li et al. 2026e] [Li et al. 2026g] [Liang et al. 2025b] [Lin et al. 2023] [Liu et al. 2017] [Liu et al. 2021] [Liu et al. 2025b] [Lou et al. 2024] [Lou et al. 2025] [Lovell and Parlett 1956] [Magee and Taylor 1971] [Maqsood and Go 2010] [Margason and Hoad 1979] [May et al. 2024] [May et al. 2026a] [May et al. 2026b] [McCormick 1956a] [Muraoka et al. 2024] [Naldi and Marconi 2011] [Naldi and Marconi 2013] [Nardizzi et al. 1971] [Nayak et al. 2026] [Nie et al. 2024] [O’Rourke and Rutherford 1991] [Paiva et al. 2018] [Panish and Bacic 2022] [Panish and Bacic 2023] [Panish and Bacic 2025] [Pfeifle and Fichter 2021b] [Pfeifle and Fichter 2023] [Pierson and Ong 1989] [Pirera 1983] [Prabhakar et al. 2025] [Raj and Chidambaram 2025] [Raab et al. 2018] [Rae 1973] [Ramnath 1969] [Ramnath 1970] [Rampy 1966] [Reiss et al. 2021] [Ren and Zha 2024] [Roth 1993] [Saetti 2025] [Sagan et al. 2021] [Sagan et al. 2025] [Salahudden 2025b] [Salahudden et al. 2023] [Salahudden et al. 2024b] [Sanchez-Laulhe et al. 2022] [Sanchez-Rivera et al. 2020] [Setiawarman and Sasongko 2026] [Shimizu and Miwa 2018] [Shimizu and Miwa 2019] [Shinozuka et al. 2024] [Skelton 1968] [Song et al. 2024b] [Spreemann 1966] [Spreemann 1968] [Stoll and Mikic 2022] [Takahashi et al. 2016] [Takahashi et al. 2017] [Takii et al. 2020] [Tapscott and Kelley 1960] [Tosti 1961] [Transition Dynamics of VTOL 2010] [Trenka 1967] [Verma and Junkins 2000] [Wang and Jin 2025] [Wang et al. 2018f] [Wang et al. 2021c] [Wang et al. 2026l] [Westcott et al. 2025] [Wilson et al. 1975] [Woods 1957] [Xi et al. 2025] [Xiang et al. 2025] [Xili et al. 2008] [Yan et al. 2021b] [Yan et al. 2023a] [Yang et al. 2024d] [Yang et al. 2026d] [Ye et al. 2023] [Ye et al. 2026] [Ying and Liang 2013] [Yu et al. 2022] [Yuan et al. 2015a] [Zhang et al. 2013c] [Zhang et al. 2015b] [Zhang et al. 2018a] [Zhang et al. 2019b] [Zhang et al. 2019c] [Zhang et al. 2023b] [Zhang et al. 2023g] [Zhao et al. 2025c] [Zhao et al. 2026b] [Zhu et al. 2025b] [Zikyamov and Panayotov 2025]
Sizing, energy and hover endurance
The hover’s fuel cost, carried into design. Conceptual design and sizing of vertical take-off and electric aircraft, hover power and energy, mission analysis, batteries, hybrid powertrains and their thermal management. 40 titles name a battery.
171 records. [Aboelela et al. 2026] [Adelt 1981] [Adelt 1983] [Adesh and Arun 2024] [Aircraft Design Optimization 2013] [Aircraft Performance 2003] [Aircraft Performance 2014] [Aircraft Performance 2024] [Aircraft Performance 2026] [Aircraft et al. 2011, 11. Aircraft Range and Endurance] [Aircraft Range and Endurance 2011, Aircraft Range and Endurance in S] [Airspeed vs Flight Path 2003] [Akash et al. 2021] [Alford and Harris 1966] [Alford and Luoma 1960] [Alulema et al. 2026] [Applications of Advanced V/STOL 1977] [Arace and Datta 2024] [Aulehla and Kissel 1981] [Ayyaswamy et al. 2023] [Bagdatli et al. 2019] [Bakhshi and Dubey 2022] [Batra et al. 2024] [Battery Testing 2023] [Belia Alfiko et al. 2025] [Bermperis et al. 2024] [Beyne and Castro 2022] [Bills et al. 2023] [Bisht et al. 2024] [Bode et al. 1978] [Boggan and Clarke 2026] [Bondi and Robinson 1971] [Brown 1989] [Campagna et al. 2021] [Cheng et al. 2025b] [Cheng et al. 2025c] [Cole et al. 2021] [Dixit 2023] [Goshtasbi et al. 2024a] [Hatherall et al. 2024] [Nakayama et al. 2026] [Silva and Johnson] [Coen and Foss 1985] [Coen and Foss 1986] [Corliss and Gossett 1969] [Corliss and Gossett 1971] [Courtin et al. 2021] [Cox and Roskam 1990] [Daniel 1964] [Das Biswas et al. 2026] [de Vries et al. 2020] [Donateo et al. 2019] [Englar et al. 1977] [Finger et al. 2022] [Fisler and Datta 2019] [Flight Vehicle Performance 2001] [Fredericks et al. 2018] [Gomes de Souza and Silva 2025] [Goshtasbi et al. 2024b] [Gothing 2025] [Govindarajan and Sridharan 2020] [Gregoire 2023] [Hebert and Joseph 1970] [Hebert et al. 1970] [Hebert et al. 1973] [Heidary and Kosari 2024] [Howe 2000] [Hu et al. 2026b] [Hughes Tool Co Culver City Ca 1963] [Hybrid Electric Aircraft 2024] [Initial Unmanned Aircraft Sizing 2014] [Initial Unmanned-Aircraft Sizing 2012] [Irvin and Swan 1956] [Jana et al. 2025] [Janetzko et al. 2026] [Jeong et al. 2024a] [Johnson 1995] [Kamal and Ramirez-Serrano 2019] [Kang et al. 2023a] [Kang et al. 2025b] [Kaya 2026] [Kesling 1968] [Kesselyak 1974] [Khreish and Sinha 2006] [Kidwell 1981] [Kuwamura and Hara 2017] [Kwak et al. 2026a] [Kwak et al. 2026b] [Liu and Wu 2003] [Liu et al. 2026b] [Logan 1989] [Loth et al. 1974] [Loth et al. 1976] [López et al. 2022] [Mallimoggala and Devi 2025] [May and Widdison 1971a] [May and Widdison 1971b] [Miguel et al. 2025] [Mitici et al. 2023] [Mohaghegh 2025] [Mokotoff et al. 2026] [Nam et al. 2005] [Nelms 1984] [Neufeld 2021] [Overfield and Crawford 1967] [Paek 2025] [Paek et al. 2021] [Park and Yee 2025] [Park and Yee 2026] [Park et al. 2022a] [Park et al. 2024b] [Park et al. 2025e] [Park et al. 2025d] [Parker 1986] [Pham et al. 2022] [Prabhakar et al. 2023] [Prabhakar et al. 2026] [Pradeep and Wei 2018a] [Price 1964a] [Qiao and Zhou 2026] [Radmanesh 2026] [Range and Endurance 2003] [Raymer 1988] [Rosenstein 1989] [Rosenthal et al. 1988] [Roskam 1985] [Roskam 1986] [Schmidt et al. 2025] [Schoser et al. 2022] [Schwoerer 1978] [Scott 2021] [Senkans et al. 2020] [Silva and Johnson 2021] [Silva] [Singh et al. 2026] [Sissingh 1960] [Smetana 2001] [Snyder 1950] [Song and Underwood 2007] [Sorenson 1974] [Spillman 1965] [Spillman 1967] [Stutz and Price 1964] [Tiberio fernandez] [Truong et al. 2023] [Tu et al. 2025] [Tumuluru Ramesh and Pandurangi 2022] [Uehara and Matthies 2019] [Ugwueze et al. 2022] [Verberne et al. 2024] [Vos 2019a] [Vos 2019b] [Waesche and Midgal 1975] [Wang et al. 2015b] [Wang et al. 2023d] [Wang et al. 2025g] [Wild 2021] [Wilson et al. 1981a] [Wiston and Yan 2025] [Wood et al. 2007] [Yan and Wiston 2026] [Yan et al. 2021a] [Li et al. 2024d] [Yang et al. 2021a] [Yang et al. 2024a] [Yang et al. 2026c] [Yingtao et al. 2025] [Zabinsky and Burnham 1977] [Zhao et al. 2024a] [Zhao et al. 2024c] [Çelik et al. 2023]
Vertical-attitude aircraft and the tail-sitter programmes
The aircraft and its family. The X-13’s own reports, the Convair XFY-1 and Lockheed XFV-1 propeller tail-sitters, the vertically rising airplane models of the 1950s, the later vertical-attitude fighter studies, and modern tail-sitters whose titles name no uncrewed aircraft. 19 titles name the XFY-1 or the XFV-1 and 6 the X-13. 36 date from before 1960 and 41 from 2000 or later.
97 records. [Ajel et al. 2021] [Argyle et al. 2014] [Banazadeh and Taymourtash 2016] [Bates et al. 1951a] [Bates et al. 1951b] [Baxter and Finvold 1958] [Beach et al. 2014] [Bowman 1955b] [Bowman 1955a] [Bowman 1957] [Chana and Coleman 1996] [Coleman 2025] [Eilertson 1975b] [Eilertson 1975a] [Flores and Flores 2021] [Fortenbaugh 1980c] [Fortenbaugh 1980a] [Fortenbaugh 1980b] [Garcia et al. 2011] [Gerhardt and Chen 1978] [Girard and Everett 1963] [Grafton and Anglin 1975] [Han et al. 2025a] [Hastings and Mitcham 1954a] [Hastings and Mitcham 1954b] [Hill 1981] [Hill 1983] [Hollinger and Mitcham 1955] [Hou et al. 2021] [Hu et al. 2025a] [Husain et al. 2023] [Immenschuh 1990] [Islas-Narvaez et al. 2022] [Johnson 1954] [Kelly and Smaus 1952] [Kim] [Kirby 1954b] [Kirby 1956b] [Kodera and Miwa 2017] [Kuang et al. 2017] [Lee 1952] [Lee 1953] [Li et al. 2018d] [Li et al. 2018e] [Lovell 1953] [Lovell 1954] [Lovell 1955] [Lovell and Parlett 1957a] [Lovell et al. 1951] [Lovell et al. 1953] [Lu et al. 2023b] [Marubashi and Miwa 2015] [Marubashi and Miwa 2016] [McIntosh et al. 2024] [McKinney and Lysle 1954] [Naldi and Marconi 2010] [Newsom and Anglin 1975] [Noaman et al. 2024] [Papadales and Basil S. 1979] [Queijo et al. 1953c] [Queijo et al. 1953a] [Queijo et al. 1953d] [Queijo et al. 1953b] [Ren et al. 2025] [Robins et al. 1985] [Saghafi and Banazadeh 2006] [Saghafi and Banazadeh 2007] [Sansou et al. 2022] [Schade et al. 1954] [Shanks and Smith 1959] [Shanks and Smith 1960] [Singh et al. 2014] [Smith 1958a] [Smith 1958b] [Smith 1961b] [Smith and Lovell 1954] [Smith and Meyer 1981] [Smith et al. 1951] [Sun et al. 2020] [Sutton and Buell 1952] [Tianchun et al. 2023] [Tosti et al. 1954] [Van Der Mass 1966] [Verling et al. 2017] [Vertically Rising Planes 1954] [Wang et al. 2015a] [Wang et al. 2017e] [Wang et al. 2019e] [Xu et al. 2026b] [Xu et al. 2026c] [Yang et al. 2021b] [Zhang et al. 2017g] [Zhao et al. 2018a] [Zhaoying et al. 2021] [Zimmerman 1955] [Zou et al. 2021a] [Zou et al. 2023b]
Landing gear, arresting and recovery systems
The undercarriage that was not carried, and what replaced it. Landing gear design and weight, unconventional gear such as the air cushion and adaptive legs, crashworthy gear, arresting systems and hooks, and parachute and net recovery. 60 titles name a landing gear or undercarriage and 17 an arresting system or hook.
85 records. [Kim et al. 2023d] [León et al. 2021] [Rajesh and Bt 2015] [Addendum 1 Landing Gear 2000] [Airfield Compatibility 2022] [Ayre and Abrams 1958] [Baker 1963] [Baumgartner et al. 1979] [Berry 2000] [Boudria et al. 2024] [Cetinkaya and Ozkol 2017] [Chai and Mason 1996] [Chaloff et al. 1974] [Chester 1995] [Crashworthy Landing Gear Design] [Crashworthy Landing Gear 1998] [Currey 1988] [Deng et al. 2021] [Dewispelare and Stager 1981] [DeWispelare and Stager 1983] [Douglas et al. 2021] [Earl 1967] [Eldred 1953] [Gibson et al. 1968] [Goh et al. 2016] [Goodall 1977] [Gudmundsson 2014] [Gudmundsson 2022] [Hoare 1968] [Huang and Dai 2021] [Kelek et al. 2026] [Kling and Hornung 2019] [Kneeling Landing Gear 1973] [Komov 2022] [Landing Gear 1973] [Landing Gear 1974] [Landing Gear 1975] [Landing Gear 1986] [Landing Gear and Subsystems 2024] [Landing Gear Design 2012] [Lee and Chiou 1994] [Lee and Swegle 1963] [Lee and Davidson 1973] [Leland and Thompson 1975] [Liang Lihua et al. 2011] [Liseitsev 2025b] [Lloyd et al. 1978] [Logan 1976] [Morrison et al] [Peng et al. 2020] [Peng et al. 2023] [Phillips et al. 1973] [Karthikeyan et al. 2022] [Rhody 1965] [Richards and Tate 2023] [Sati et al. 2011] [Schmidt 2015] [Schmidt 2021] [Sen 1990a] [Sen 1990b] [Sforza 2014] [Shao et al. 2023] [Singh et al] [Some Current Types 1968] [Song and Du 2005] [Suszyński et al. 2025] [Tartaruga et al. 2019] [The Complete Landing Gear 1989] [Udayakumar and Ibrahim 2019] [Unorthodox Landing Gears 1988] [Veaux 1988] [Walker 1940] [Wang et al. 2016d] [Wharton 1960] [Wu 2024] [Wu et al. 2022c] [Wyllie 2001] [Yang 1970] [Yang 1971] [Yang et al. 2017b] [Yin et al. 2025] [Yntema and Milwitzky 1952] [Yoon et al. 2009] [Zhu et al. 2012] [Zhu et al. 2013]
Other aeronautical literature
The residual, reported and not hidden. On-subject records that belong to no cluster above, being flight envelopes and flight safety, drag and lift determination in flight, the Dutch roll, the standard atmosphere, the ogee delta wing, the blast of a rocket exhaust on lunar soil, a ring-wing propulsor at incidence, and the operator tasks of a small drone and of simplified vehicle operations. No coherent subject in it is large enough to name.
15 records. [Debry et al. 1992] [Diaz 2007] [Drinkwater and Rolls 1965] [Drinkwater et al. 1965b] [Flight Envelope 2021] [Flight Envelopes 2012] [Flight Safety 2015] [Flight Vehicle Lift-Drag Characteristics 2001] [Goodrich 2016] [Methods for Drag Determination 2003] [Phillips 2000] [Pomranky 2006] [Rolls 1965b] [1976 US Standard Atmosphere 2014] [Werle 2022]
Where the Framing Breaks Down
The control-power criteria are borrowed from later work. The half a radian per second squared in pitch and one in roll used throughout are figures drawn from experiments made after the X-13 flew, the roll figure rounded up from the roughly three quarters that Garren et al. 1965 found to be the lower limit of satisfactory control power, and applying them to the X-13 is anachronistic. It is done here because they are the best available statement of what adequate means, and because the article’s conclusion, that the crossover falls well below the stall speed, survives a large error in the criterion, since the ratio grows only as its square root and would reach one only if the criterion were three times larger.
The control criteria fit the X-13 better in one respect than their date suggests, since they were measured on aircraft with artificial rate damping and the X-13 had it. The visual flight experiments of Garren et al. 1965 held angular velocity damping at the minimum the requirements of the day specified, and the X-13 flew with dampers and a stability augmentation system, which the Smithsonian record reports and the model tests of Smith 1958b show to have been necessary.
The elevon and aileron effectiveness figures are assumed. A pitching-moment increment of 0.10 and a rolling-moment increment of 0.05 are plausible for a tailless delta and are not measured values for this aircraft. They are referred to the geometric mean chord of 2.77 metres, while the mean aerodynamic chord that Bowman 1957 tabulates is 145.49 inches, or 3.70 metres, so what is assumed is the product of chord and coefficient. The crossover speed varies as the inverse square root of the assumed effectiveness,
\[V_{\text{cross}} \propto (\Delta C_{m})^{-1/2} \tag{100}\]so the exposure is direct.
| Elevon effectiveness relative to the assumption | Crossover speed | Ratio to stall |
|---|---|---|
| half | 42.6 m/s | 0.813 |
| three quarters | 34.8 m/s | 0.663 |
| as assumed | 30.2 m/s | 0.575 |
| one and a half times | 24.6 m/s | 0.469 |
| twice | 21.3 m/s | 0.406 |
If the elevons were half as effective as assumed the crossover would still sit nearly a fifth below the stall speed, and the central claim would invert only if they were less than a third as effective as assumed, since the ratio grows as the inverse square root of the effectiveness and $0.575^{2} = 0.33$. That remains the single largest exposure in the analysis and it rests on a coefficient nobody measured for this aircraft.
The fuel figure is derived from tabulated loadings, not reported as a capacity. The 1,400 pound fuel load follows from the differences between the full, quarter and twentieth fuel loadings of the spin-tunnel table, which agree exactly, but those are loadings possible on the airplane rather than measured ones, and no document found states a tank capacity. The thirteen minute hover endurance moves in direct proportion.
The control-power criteria have themselves been contested throughout. Treating them as settled is a convenience. Carpenter and Jenny 1964 approaches low-speed control criteria statistically, Goldberger 1966 argues about the relative importance of the requirement at all, and the longitudinal criteria were still being evaluated and re-evaluated in Gertsen and Shomber 1965, Martin 1963b, and Eney 1967. A number this article uses as though it were a physical constant was an active dispute for two decades, and the later comparison of the VAK-191B with AGARD report 577 and MIL-F-83300 in Anderson 1979a is measuring a real aircraft against requirements that had by then changed several times.
The hover analysis assumes a rigid aircraft and a still atmosphere separately, and the real case is neither. The drift table and the crosswind table are computed independently and then discussed together, which is not the same as solving them together. A pilot correcting a wind-induced drift is holding a tilt that is itself producing drift, and the handling-qualities literature measures the coupled problem.
The side area and drag coefficient in the crosswind table are guesses. Ten square metres and 0.8 are plausible for a vertical aircraft of this size and are not derived from its geometry, and the forces scale directly with both.
Treating the programme as a failure of concept understates the demonstration. The aircraft did what it was built to do, and both examples survived it. An article organised around why the idea did not proceed can read as though the vehicle did not work, and it worked.
What the X-13 Was Worth
It established that a pure jet can complete the cycle. This was genuinely open when the Air Force contract was let and closed in 1957, and no aircraft since has needed to ask it again.
It established that the control handover is clean for this configuration. The crossover computed above is a prediction and the flight is the confirmation.
It established the shape of the operational objection. The fuel, the pilot’s sight line, and the ground loading are all visible in the X-13’s own numbers, and a programme that had gone to a prototype fighter would have discovered them more expensively.
It established nothing about combat capability, and the aircraft carried nothing.
It did not establish that the configuration is a bad idea. The idea returned as soon as the pilot could be removed from it, which is the correct reading of what the X-13 proved.
The Designation Returns to Normal
For five consecutive articles this series has recorded a designation attached to something that was not a research aircraft. The X-13 ends that run. It is a manufacturer’s prototype built in two examples under an Air Force contract for demonstrators, flown by company test pilots, with no production plan, which is the pattern the X-1 established and the X-3 and X-5 continued.
That matters for the argument the closing article of this series will have to make. The run of five was an interruption and not a redefinition. Whatever mechanism attached X numbers to the X-8 through the X-12, it did not replace the original one, and the two coexisted. A closing article that describes the series as having drifted from research aircraft to weapons would be contradicted by its own next entry.
The Source Base
The survey rests on 7,114 research records drawn from Crossref, the NASA Technical Reports Server and the Defense Technical Information Center, of which 1,271 are report primaries, being 17.9 percent, by the identifier rule set out under The Definition of Primary. Their median year is 2011. Of the 6,988 dated records, 162, being 2.3 percent, date from before 1960, the years in which the X-13 and the Navy’s propeller tail-sitters were designed, tested and flown, and 3,168, being 45.3 percent, date from 2015 or later.
The X-13’s own record is thin and its family’s record is thick. Querying the technical archive of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, NASA, for the popular name returns nothing at all, and querying for the manufacturer and designation together returns a small set, of which the spin tunnel series and the one-fifth-scale hovering and transition tests are the substance. The lesson is the same one the X-10 taught in a different form, which is that a vehicle is indexed under the name its engineers used and not the name the public learned.
Around that thin core sits an unusually complete literature on the configuration class, because the Navy’s two propeller tail-sitters were studied exhaustively at Langley before either flew. An article about the X-13 is therefore better supported than an article about the X-13 alone would be, and most of the aerodynamic statements here rest on documents about the XFY-1 and the XFV-1. The exceptions are the airplane’s own dimensions, loadings and moments of inertia, which come from the tables of Bowman 1957, and the roll-nozzle geometry, which comes from the one-fifth model of Smith 1958b.
The aircraft’s own history rests on institutional records. The Smithsonian record, the Air Force museum’s fact sheet and NASA’s inventory of X-vehicles are the sources for the programme’s dates, and they disagree about the Washington demonstration and the last flight, as the flight test record notes. The Smithsonian record lists a curatorial file and a 2002 magazine history among its sources, and neither is available here. Two later documents about the aircraft itself are known here by their titles only, a test pilot’s report on the X-13 and the VZ-3RY in Girard and Everett 1963 and a paper on the lessons of the programme in Immenschuh 1990. Six research records name the X-13 in their titles, being those two, the three spin-tunnel reports and the one-fifth-scale model tests.
The contrast with the X-11 and X-12 is instructive. Those vehicles left a thick archive because they became launch vehicles and flew for sixty years. The X-13 left almost nothing because it stopped, and what survives is the research literature of the question rather than the engineering record of the article.
A third asymmetry is worth naming because it runs the other way from the previous two articles. The Atlas record is thick and classified, and the geodesy the Atlas depended on is thick and open. The X-13’s record is thin and open, and there is no classified layer underneath it, because a two-aircraft demonstration programme with no weapon and no production intent generated nothing worth withholding. The whole of what is knowable about this aircraft is knowable, which is not true of any vehicle in the five that precede it, and it makes the X-13 the easiest article in this run to verify and the hardest to say anything new about.
The defence archive contributes little here and that absence is itself informative. Querying it returns work on vertical take-off as a concept, on site preparation, and on handling qualities criteria, in Butler and Thomas 1964, Irvin and Swan 1956, Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div 1956, Friend 1964, Hoffman 1971, and Johnston et al. 1965, and it returns nothing at all about this airframe. The Air Force studied the idea and the Navy’s laboratories studied the aerodynamics and Ryan built the aeroplane, and only the middle of those three left a public record of the vehicle itself.
The shape of the surviving literature is worth one more observation, because it inverts the usual complaint. Almost nothing in this article rests on a document about the X-13. It rests on documents about the configuration, the flight condition, the test technique, and the pilot’s task, written before and after the aircraft flew and mostly about other aircraft. An article about a vehicle with almost no record of its own can still be dense, provided the question it asked was one other people were also asking. That is true of the X-13 and it was not true of the X-10, whose keystone was peculiar to a cancelled programme, and the difference is a property of the question rather than of the archive.
The Definition of Primary
Primacy is a property of the document, and this survey derives it from the identifier. A record is a report primary when it is a NASA Technical Reports Server record or carries a digital object identifier under the 10.21236 prefix, which Crossref registers for Defense Technical Information Center reports. By that rule 871 primaries are Technical Reports Server records and 400 are Defense Technical Information Center reports. The Langley reports that carry this article’s numbers are report primaries under that rule, the spin-tunnel series and the one-fifth-scale model tests among them.
The rule undercounts what is first-hand. Conference papers of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, abbreviated AIAA, and of the Vertical Flight Society, and journal papers by the engineers and pilots who built and flew aircraft of this class, are primary by any reading and are not reached by an identifier rule. The institutional records of the aircraft are cited as curated references and are not counted in the survey at all. 17.9 percent is therefore a lower bound on how much of the survey is first-hand.
Thin Subjects
Seven subjects that this article’s derivations depend on have thin literatures. Each count below is the number of research records in this survey whose title carries at least one of the listed terms, with a hyphen read as a space. Where a row joins two groups of terms with the words together with, a title must carry a term from each group.
| Subject | Title terms counted | Records |
|---|---|---|
| the crossover of vectored-thrust and aerodynamic control authority | crossover, cross over, handover, hand over, control blending, blended control | 0 |
| the jet-powered vertical-attitude aircraft | jet, jets, turbojet, jet powered together with tail sitter, tail sitters, tailsitter, tailsitters, vertical attitude, vertically rising, X-13, vertijet | 6 |
| the gyroscopic moment of the engine | gyroscopic | 9 |
| Froude scaling of free-flight models | Froude, dynamic similarity, dynamically scaled, dynamic scaling, similitude | 7 |
| the thrust response of the engine | thrust response, engine response, spool up, spool time, acceleration time | 7 |
| the hook, the cable and the trailer | hook, hooks, cable, cables, trailer, trailers | 10 |
| the tilting pilot seat | seat, seats | 3 |
The keystone has no name in the literature. No title uses crossover, handover or control blending for the exchange of authority between deflected thrust and aerodynamic surfaces. The field files the problem under transition, and 332 titles in the survey name a transition or a conversion, so the crossover speed this article computes is a construct of its own analysis rather than a quantity the literature reports.
The jet-powered tail-sitter is nearly a literature of one aircraft. Of the six titles that name a jet together with a vertical attitude, four are the Langley reports on the one-fifth-scale model of a jet-powered vertical-attitude research airplane.
The engine’s gyroscopic moment is the subject of nine titles, and three of them concern a vertical take-off aircraft, so the full-scale angular momentum this article scales from the model flywheel rests on the model tests and not on a literature.
Froude scaling is used far more often than it is named. Seven titles name dynamic scaling, dynamic similarity or similitude and none names Froude, while 147 titles name a free-flight, scale or subscale model.
The thrust response of the engine is the subject of seven titles, three of them about a lift engine or a hovering aircraft, so the one second spool time the height analysis assumes is an assumption with little literature to test it against.
No record treats the hook landing of a hovering aircraft. Of the ten titles that name a hook, a cable or a trailer, five concern the arresting gear of conventional aircraft, most of it carrier-based, two the rope-hook recovery of fixed-wing drones, and three use the words in other senses.
The tilting seat has no literature. Of the three titles that name a seat, one tests a reclined cockpit seat as an aid to tolerance of acceleration, one a seat that cues motion in a simulator, and one names the seating of the tilt-rotor electric aircraft whose proprotor it tests, so the X-13’s pivoting seat stands on the institutional record of the aircraft.
What the Survey Admits
A record is admitted only when a person reading its title finds it on this article’s subject, being the aircraft, its configuration class, the hover and the transition, the systems the configuration depends on, the test technique, the pilot’s task, and the uncrewed and electric aircraft that inherited the layout. Many words this subject depends on also name something else, and a record that shares only such a word is excluded. Hover also names the hovercraft and a pointer gesture, spin also names the spin of an electron, and tumbling also names mills, particles and falling plates. Transition also names the transition of a boundary layer, and brownout also names a power-limiting method in computing and a condition of occupational health. Ground effect also belongs to racing cars and wing-in-ground craft, jet impingement also cools turbine blades and electronics and erodes industrial surfaces, and hot-gas ingestion also names the leakage of a turbine’s rim seal. Slipstream also names a kind of speculative fiction and a mode of program execution, disc loading also names a record player and an antibiotic test, and workload also names the load on a computing cluster. Thrust vectoring of spacecraft and ion thrusters, engine bleed air for cabin conditioning and anti-icing, fuels and exhaust emissions, the component engineering of conventional landing gear, the air traffic management of urban air mobility and its market, acceptance and policy studies, and drones used only as instruments for some other task are excluded as well. So are the noise and acoustics of vertical take-off aircraft, which none of the article’s relations uses, rotor and airframe aeroelasticity, vibration, loads and structural design, engine health monitoring, the navigation equipment of drones and the path planning that avoids obstacles, the design and sizing of conventional aircraft that carry hybrid-electric or distributed propulsion, and the air traffic control of V/STOL terminals. Correction, erratum and withdrawal notices, trade news, forum keynotes, specifications, standards and recommended practices, dictionary entries and records that are parts of works are excluded, because a survey counts research works. A signed comment on a paper, a discussion of a paper, the author’s reply and a signed letter on a research subject argue about a result and are research works, so they are kept when their subject is this article’s, while an unsigned item of these kinds and a referee’s report on a manuscript are not. A shared exclusion list refuses head-up and helmet-mounted display titles elsewhere, and they are admitted here because the pilot’s view is this article’s subject.
Some records of doubtful relevance are kept. Control allocation theory stated for over-actuated systems in general is kept, because allocation is the handover in its modern form. Secondary-injection and aerospike thrust vectoring studied on rocket nozzles is kept as the mechanism of turning a jet whatever the nozzle. Handling qualities and workload studies of conventional aircraft, engine control and fuel control, the design and weight of conventional landing gear, landing mats and pavements, and the flight control of airships are kept for the criteria, the engine response, the undercarriage trade and the prepared surface that the article reasons with, and a reader may weigh each accordingly. The residual cluster admits a record that bears on a relation, a quantity or a test method the article uses and belongs to no named cluster, and a record whose only link is general aeronautics is excluded from it.
Reviews of books, reference and definition entries and notices are not admitted, and a document deposited twice is admitted once. An authored encyclopedia article of more than two pages and a chapter of a textbook are research works and are kept, and where one document is held twice the journal or report version is the one admitted.
Every research title has been read for relevance, so the off-topic share that remains is a matter of reading judgement. Records read as off topic have been removed, together with other deposits of the same works.
Epistemic State
Historical fact, well supported. Two X-13 aircraft were built by Ryan, serials 54-1619 and 54-1620. The Navy Bureau of Aeronautics contracted Ryan in 1947 to study vertically launched jet fighters, and a jet test rig made the first manned jet hovering flight on 24 November 1953. The powerplant is a Rolls-Royce Avon of 10,000 pounds thrust. The first conventional flight was 10 December 1955, the first vertical take-off and landing 28 May 1956, the first transition 28 November 1956, and the first complete cycle from the trailer 11 April 1957. The second aircraft was demonstrated at the Pentagon in July 1957. Pitch and yaw control in hover came from vectored engine thrust, the wingtips carried bleed-air jets, and the aircraft flew with dampers and a stability augmentation system. The pilot’s seat pivoted forty-five degrees. The aircraft launched from and recovered onto a cable on a tilting trailer using a nose hook, with a ground observer talking the pilot down and a graduated pole on the trailer as a distance reference. Both aircraft survive, 54-1619 with the San Diego Air and Space Museum on loan from the Smithsonian and 54-1620 at the National Museum of the United States Air Force. The airplane’s span, length, wing area and mean aerodynamic chord, its tabulated loadings and its moments of inertia are those of the Langley spin-tunnel reports, which also find that it would not tumble end over end, that a power failure in the hover leads to a spin, and that about 4,200 feet are needed to recover. The one-fifth model needed pitch and yaw dampers to hover once the engine’s gyroscopic effect was represented, and showed a rolled and sideslipped trim between about 25 and 45 degrees angle of attack.
Reported, with sources in disagreement. The Air Force contract year, July 1954 in the Smithsonian record and 1953 in compilations. The date of the Washington demonstration, 30 July 1957 in the Smithsonian record and 28 and 29 July in a compilation. The last flight, 30 September 1957 in the Smithsonian record and 30 July 1957 in NASA’s inventory. The engine designation, RA.28-49 in the Smithsonian record and R.A. 14 in the spin-tunnel report. The reason the programme ended, which is funding and limited operational potential in the two museum records, size, payload and the lack of a larger engine in NASA’s inventory, and the absence of an operational requirement in a compilation. The gross weight, 6,730 pounds in compilations against 6,696 and 6,958 pounds in the spin-tunnel loadings, 7,313 pounds in the Smithsonian record and a 7,200 pound maximum in the Air Force museum’s. The axis the wingtip jets served, roll in a compilation and in the wing-tip nozzles of the one-fifth model and pitch and yaw in the Smithsonian record.
Reported in compilations and museum records but in no programme document found. The company designation Model 69 and the F3R designation. The 15 feet 2 inches height. The 5,334 pound empty weight. The identification of the test pilots. The statement that the first transitions were flown at altitude.
Assumed for the purpose of calculation and stated as such. The specific fuel consumption of 0.93 pounds per pound of thrust per hour, which is a figure quoted for an Avon variant rather than for the RA.28. The maximum lift coefficient of 1.0. The elevon pitching-moment increment of 0.10, the aileron rolling-moment increment of 0.05, and the rudder yawing-moment increment of 0.06, all referred to the geometric mean chord or the span. The control power criteria of 0.5, 1.0, and 0.3 radians per second squared in pitch, roll, and yaw. The full-scale roll-nozzle arm of 10.16 feet, scaled from the one-fifth model. The battery specific energy of 250 watt-hours per kilogramme, the battery mass fraction of thirty percent assumed for the modern reference vehicles and of 0.208 chosen to match the X-13’s fuel fraction in the equal-fraction comparison, and the rotor figure of merit of 0.70 used in the electric comparison. The independent success probability of 0.8 used to illustrate the value of testing in sequence. The 3.5 metre nozzle moment arm. The engine mass flow of 70 kilogrammes per second and exhaust density of 0.35 kilogrammes per cubic metre. The bleed velocity of 500 metres per second. The cruise speed of 200 metres per second and lift-to-drag ratio of six. The 1,500 pascal disc loading taken as a conservative figure for the XFY-1 class, whose published gross weight and propeller diameter give about 3,400. The ten square metre side area and drag coefficient of 0.8 for the crosswind case. The one second engine spool time. The 0.3 metre hook tolerance and the closure rates used against it. The undercarriage weight fraction of three to five percent of gross used for the table, which the spin-tunnel loadings place at 3.8 percent. The 0.3 metre arresting stroke.
Engineering analysis, derived here and independently checkable. The fuel load of 1,400 pounds from the differences between the tabulated loadings, and the 224 pounds by which the wheeled zero-fuel weight exceeds the published empty weight. The pitch, roll and yaw inertias of 5,480, 2,092 and 6,553 kilogramme square metres converted from the tabulated values. The distinction between the equal-authority crossing at 94.7 metres per second and the adequacy crossing at 30.2, and the table of the aerodynamic share of available authority showing that at the adequacy crossing the elevons still supply only about a tenth of what is there. The vanishing of the nozzle’s rolling moment as a cross-product identity rather than an approximation. The linear growth of required over available control moment with size, and the resulting bleed fractions of 1.9, 3.9, and 5.8 percent at one, two, and three times scale. The crossover sensitivity table showing that halving the assumed elevon effectiveness moves the ratio only to 0.813, and that the ratio reaches one only below a third of the assumed effectiveness. The pitch-rotation table, giving 0.20 seconds and 5.8 degrees of arc at one radian per second with the engine running. The full-scale engine angular momentum of about 16,200 kilogramme square metres per second scaled from the model flywheel, and the gyroscopic yawing moment of 1,615 newton metres at a pitch rate of 0.1 radians per second. The sum of 4,200 feet for recovery after a flame-out in the hover, and the 680 feet that free fall over the stated 6.5 seconds gives against the report’s 900. The Froude scaling relations and the one-fifth model table, giving 23.5 metres per second, 2.19 seconds, 25.6 metres, and 24.4 kilogrammes, with a Reynolds number 11.2 times lower, and the model’s weight at 0.73 of the scaled value. The undercarriage saving expressed as hover time, at 1.94 to 3.22 minutes across the assumed range and 2.51 minutes for the tabulated 262 pounds. The sight-line relation and the finding that the landing point bears 135 degrees from the tail-sitter pilot against about 45 for a horizontal jet-lift aircraft. The height-loss relation and its table. The steady tilt required to hold station in a crosswind, at 0.94 degrees in ten metres per second against a drift budget of 0.47. The observation that a disc loading equal to the wing loading of 1,687 pascals puts stall-level dynamic pressure on the controls in a hover. The 1,966 newton metre yaw requirement, the 0.72 degree nozzle deflection that meets it, the 21.7 metre per second rudder crossover, and the resulting table showing that the three axes hand over in sequence at 0.41, 0.47, and 0.57 of the stall speed. The hover drift table, which shows that holding position to a metre over five seconds requires holding the mean tilt below half a degree. The crosswind force table and the finding that a ten metre per second wind is 17.9 percent of the pitch requirement as a moment and 72 metres of drift in thirty seconds as a position error. The vertical acceleration and thrust-change table and the asymmetry between bounded upward and unbounded downward authority. The loop-delay relation, by which 0.3 seconds consumes the whole hook tolerance at one metre per second. The sortie fuel table showing a cautious profile spending 44.7 percent of the fuel. The undercarriage weight table and the 19.2 percent of fuel load a four percent gear would have cost. The arresting deceleration of 0.17 gravities at one metre per second over 0.3 metres. The scaling of disc loading as the first power of length. The control power cost of about 193 pounds of thrust and its six percent of the hover margin. The lift coefficient sensitivity table for the crossover ratio. The nozzle deflection table. The thrust-to-weight ratios at gross and maximum weight, the vertical acceleration, and the time and speed at thirty metres. The aspect ratio, mean chord, and wing loading. The hover fuel flow of 104.3 pounds per minute and the resulting endurance of 13.4 minutes. The stall speed of 52.5 metres per second and its sensitivity to the lift coefficient. The pitch requirement of 2,740 newton metres. The aerodynamic pitching moment relation and its coefficient of 3.013. The crossover speed of 30.2 metres per second, its ratio of 0.575 to the stall speed, and the argument that the ratio is independent of aircraft size. The vectored thrust moments and the margin of 9.87 over the criterion. The axial thrust loss with nozzle deflection. The puffer force of 338 newtons, its 1.5 percent of thrust, and the 1.9 percent bleed. The aileron crossover at 24.5 metres per second and its ratio of 0.47 to the stall speed. The maximum transition tilt of 47.7 degrees, the horizontal acceleration of 10.78 metres per second squared, the 4.9 second and 128 metre transition, the 12.6 pounds of fuel, and the tilt table. The propeller slipstream velocity of 49.5 metres per second and its comparison with the stall dynamic pressure. The Breguet range and radius, and the table charging hover time against radius. The exhaust velocity, dynamic pressure, nozzle area, and the disc loading ratio of 102 against a rotor of the same span. The intervals of 170, 184 and 134 days, which sum to the 488 days from first flight to full cycle.
Inference, argued but not established. That the near equality between the X-13’s thirteen and a half minutes of hovering and the 15.8 minutes an electric rotorcraft manages at the same energy mass fraction reflects two large factors largely cancelling, a battery forty-eight times worse per kilogramme and a rotor seventeen times better at converting power into thrust, rather than anything deeper, which the arithmetic shows and which no source states. That the three-axis handover sequence would have been perceptible to the pilot as the aircraft becoming conventional one axis at a time, which the relations imply and which no pilot report available here describes, the test pilot’s own report in Girard and Everett 1963 being known here by its title only. That deleting the undercarriage was a deliberate performance decision rather than only a consequence of the launch method. That the ground observer is best understood as a delayed sensor inside the control loop, which is this article’s framing and not the period’s. That the control crossover falling well below the stall speed is what makes the configuration workable rather than a fortunate accident. That the published empty weight of 5,334 pounds describes the aircraft on wheels. That the fuel arithmetic, the pilot’s sight line, and the ground loading are the operative reasons the concept did not proceed, which the numbers support but which no document found here states in those terms. That the programme’s ground testing addressed the wrong difficulty because the difficulty was not aerodynamic. That the return of the vertical-attitude concept as a remotely piloted vehicle is a recognition that the pilot was the binding constraint.
Engineering analysis of the modern comparison, derived here and independently checkable. The three modern reference vehicles and their disc loadings, wing loadings, ratios, and hover endurances. The finding that a small electric tail-sitter’s disc loading and wing loading are the same quantity to within a factor of two, against the X-13’s ratio of 84. The effective specific consumption relation for a rotor, its evaluation at 250 and 400 watt-hours per kilogramme, and the comparison with the Avon showing the modern vehicle fifteen percent ahead. The endurance of 15.8 minutes at the X-13’s own energy mass fraction against its 13.4, an improvement of about eighteen percent. The decomposition into a battery forty-eight times worse per kilogramme and a rotor seventeen times better at converting power into thrust.
A caution about the modern reference vehicles. The three vehicles in the comparison table are representative rather than actual. Their masses, spans, wing areas, rotor counts, and rotor diameters were chosen as plausible for their classes and are not taken from any specific aircraft, and the battery specific energy of 250 watt-hours per kilogramme and figure of merit of 0.70 are likewise estimates. The conclusions drawn from them are ratios and orders and are insensitive to reasonable variation, and the specific endurances are not.
Written from current knowledge. This article is dated 2025-10-19 and draws on literature published after that date where the modern discussion continues the period problem.
Out of Scope
The Convair XFY-1 and Lockheed XFV-1 as programmes in their own right, which are used here only as the configuration comparison. The Ryan FR-1 Fireball. The submarine-launched fighter concept the 1947 study addressed. The Rolls-Royce Avon as an engine programme. The later jet-lift aircraft, the Hawker P.1127 line, and the lift-fan configurations, which solved the same problem a different way and belong with the aircraft that carry those designations. The X-14, which is the next article and which established the control criteria used here. Carrier and shipboard operation. The aerodynamics of the delta wing at high angle of attack in any depth. The remotely piloted vertical-attitude proposals of the 1970s beyond noting that they exist.
Conclusion
The X-13 was built to find out whether a jet could take off vertically, become an aeroplane, become a hovering machine again, and land on the spot it left. It could, and both aircraft survived the programme.
The reason it worked is an ordering that is not an accident. Aerodynamic control authority grows as the square of speed and vectored thrust does not depend on speed at all, so the two hand over exactly once, and for this aircraft the handover falls at 30 metres per second against a stall speed of 52. The control surfaces start working at well under three fifths of the speed at which the wing starts working, so there is no band in which the aircraft is flying and cannot be pointed. That ratio depends on the configuration and not on the size, which is why the layout has outlived the aeroplane.
The reason it led nowhere is arithmetic of a different kind. The entire fuel load is thirteen minutes of hovering, the transition that the programme existed to demonstrate costs twelve pounds of it, and the hovering at either end costs everything else. A minute at each end takes a sixth of the radius. The exhaust loads the ground a hundred times harder than a helicopter of the same span, so the aircraft needs a prepared surface and a particular trailer. And the pilot cannot see the hook he is aiming at.
Each of those is a reason the concept did not become a fighter, and none of them is a reason the aircraft failed. The X-13 answered its question completely and the answer was that the question had been the wrong one to ask about a manned aeroplane. Two decades later the same configuration came back with nobody in it, and it is now a common way to build a small aircraft that has to take off from somewhere without a runway.
Equations
This section collects the 100 display equations of the article in the order they appear, each under its number and reproduced exactly as it stands in the text. A title in bold names an established result, and a title in italics beginning with the word Bespoke names a construction made for this analysis. Of the 100, 58 are established and 42 are bespoke. The article mixes pounds and pound-force with kilogrammes and newtons, quotes the specific fuel consumption $c$ both in pounds per pound of thrust per hour and as a reciprocal time of $2.583 \times 10^{-4}$ per second, writes $\bar{c}$ for the geometric mean chord of area over span rather than the tabulated mean aerodynamic chord, and reuses $\theta$ for the nozzle deflection and the hover tilt, $A$ for a disc area and a side area, and $W$ for the weight and the actuator weighting matrix.
Equation 1, Control Surface Moment and Dynamic Pressure. The pitching moment of a control surface is the dynamic pressure times the wing area, the mean chord and the moment coefficient increment, with the dynamic pressure $q = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2}$.
\[M_{\text{aero}} = q \, S \, \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}, \qquad q = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} \tag{1}\]Equation 2, Moment of Deflected Thrust. Thrust deflected through an angle $\theta$ at an arm $\ell$ from the centre of mass produces a moment $T \ell \sin \theta$ that does not depend on airspeed.
\[M_{\text{thrust}} = T \, \ell \sin \theta \tag{2}\]Equation 3, Bespoke Equal-Authority Speed. The article defines the equal-authority speed as the airspeed at which the aerodynamic moment equals the deflected-thrust moment, found by equating the two preceding expressions.
\[V_{\text{equal}} = \sqrt{\frac{T \ell \sin \theta}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}} \tag{3}\]Equation 4, Gross Mass of the X-13. The gross weight of 6,730 pounds converts to a mass of 3,053 kilogrammes. Ryan X-13 Vertijet
\[m = 3053 \, \text{kg} \tag{4}\]Equation 5, Pitching Moment of Inertia from the Spin-Tunnel Table. The tabulated pitch inertia of 4,042 slug square feet converts to 5,480 kilogramme square metres. Bowman 1957
\[I_{yy} = 4042 \times 1.3558 = 5480 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{5}\]Equation 6, Bespoke Required Pitching Moment. The required moment is the pitch inertia times the adopted pitch control criterion of 0.50 radians per second squared, a criterion taken from experiments made after the aircraft flew. Garren et al. 1965
\[M_{\text{req}} = I_{yy} \, \dot{q}_{\text{req}} = 5480 \times 0.50 = 2740 \, \text{N m} \tag{6}\]Equation 7, Moment of a Force. The moment of a force about a point is the cross product of the position vector and the force.
\[\mathbf{M} = \mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F} \tag{7}\]Equation 8, Zero Rolling Moment from an Axial Nozzle. For a force applied on the longitudinal axis the position vector is parallel to that axis, so the component of the moment about it vanishes for any force.
\[\mathbf{M} \cdot \hat{\mathbf{x}} = (\mathbf{r} \times \mathbf{F}) \cdot \hat{\mathbf{x}} = 0 \tag{8}\]Equation 9, Geometric Mean Chord. The mean chord taken as wing area over span is 2.77 metres for the tabulated area and span. Bowman 1957
\[\bar{c} = \frac{S}{b} = \frac{17.74}{6.40} = 2.77 \, \text{m} \tag{9}\]Equation 10, Bespoke Elevon Moment Coefficient. The aerodynamic pitching moment is evaluated at sea level with an assumed elevon moment increment of 0.10, giving a coefficient of $3.013 \, V^{2}$ newton metres.
\[M_{\text{aero}} = \tfrac{1}{2} \times 1.225 \times 17.74 \times 2.77 \times 0.10 \, V^{2} = 3.013 \, V^{2} \tag{10}\]Equation 11, Bespoke Pitch Crossover Speed. Setting the aerodynamic moment with the assumed elevon increment equal to the adopted pitch requirement gives a crossover speed of 30.2 metres per second.
\[V_{\text{cross}} = \sqrt{\frac{2740}{3.013}} = 30.2 \, \text{m/s} = 59 \, \text{knots} \tag{11}\]Equation 12, Bespoke Deflected-Thrust Moment at Ten Degrees. Ten degrees of deflection of 10,000 pounds of thrust at an assumed arm of 3.5 metres gives a moment of about 27,000 newton metres.
\[M_{\text{thrust}} = 44{,}482 \times 3.50 \times \sin 10^{\circ} = 27{,}035 \, \text{N m} \tag{12}\]Equation 13, Bespoke Thrust Moment Margin. The deflected-thrust moment at the assumed arm is 9.87 times the moment the adopted criterion requires.
\[\frac{M_{\text{thrust}}}{M_{\text{req}}} = \frac{27{,}035}{2740} = 9.87 \tag{13}\]Equation 14, Bespoke Evaluated Equal-Authority Speed. With the assumed arm and elevon increment the aerodynamic and thrust moments become equal at 94.7 metres per second.
\[V_{\text{equal}} = \sqrt{\frac{27{,}035}{3.013}} = 94.7 \, \text{m/s} \tag{14}\]Equation 15, Bespoke Aerodynamic Share of Available Authority. The article defines the aerodynamic share $\lambda(V)$ as the aerodynamic moment divided by the sum of the aerodynamic and deflected-thrust moments.
\[\lambda(V) = \frac{M_{\text{aero}}(V)}{M_{\text{aero}}(V) + M_{\text{thrust}}} \tag{15}\]Equation 16, Bespoke Stall Speed. The standard stall speed relation is evaluated at the gross weight with an adopted maximum lift coefficient of 1.0 for a thin delta, giving 52.5 metres per second.
\[V_{\text{stall}} = \sqrt{\frac{2W}{\rho S C_{L\max}}} = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 29{,}935}{1.225 \times 17.74 \times 1.0}} = 52.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{16}\]Equation 17, Bespoke Ratio of Pitch Crossover to Stall Speed. The crossover speed resting on the assumed elevon increment is 0.575 of the stall speed resting on the adopted maximum lift coefficient.
\[\frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} = \frac{30.2}{52.5} = 0.575 \tag{17}\]Equation 18, Bespoke Squared Crossover and Stall Speeds. The crossover speed is defined by setting the aerodynamic moment equal to the required moment and is written beside the stall speed in squared form.
\[V_{\text{cross}}^{2} = \frac{I_{yy} \dot{q}_{\text{req}}}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}, \qquad V_{\text{stall}}^{2} = \frac{2W}{\rho S C_{L\max}} \tag{18}\]Equation 19, Bespoke Scale-Free Speed Ratio. Dividing the squared crossover speed by the squared stall speed cancels the wing area and air density and leaves a ratio of proportions and of the required angular acceleration.
\[\left( \frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} \right)^{2} = \frac{I_{yy} \, \dot{q}_{\text{req}} \, C_{L\max}}{W \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}} \tag{19}\]Equation 20, Fully Developed Slipstream Velocity. Actuator disc momentum theory gives the fully developed slipstream velocity of a disc supporting a weight $W$ over an area $A$.
\[v_{s} = \sqrt{\frac{2 (W/A)}{\rho}} \tag{20}\]Equation 21, Bespoke Slipstream Velocity at a Representative Disc Loading. The slipstream velocity is evaluated at a disc loading of 1,500 pascals taken as conservative for the class, giving 49.5 metres per second. Convair XFY-1
\[v_{s} = \sqrt{\frac{2 \times 1500}{1.225}} = 49.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{21}\]Equation 22, Thrust-to-Weight Ratio. The 10,000 pound thrust of the Avon against the 6,730 pound gross weight gives a thrust-to-weight ratio of 1.486. National Museum of the United States Air Force Smithsonian record’s
\[\frac{T}{W} = \frac{44{,}482}{29{,}935} = 1.486 \tag{22}\]Equation 23, Vertical Acceleration at Lift-Off. The net vertical acceleration is standard gravity times the excess of the thrust-to-weight ratio over one, or 4.76 metres per second squared.
\[a = g \left( \frac{T}{W} - 1 \right) = 9.807 \times 0.486 = 4.76 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{23}\]Equation 24, Time to Climb Thirty Metres. Constant acceleration from rest covers thirty metres in 3.55 seconds.
\[t = \sqrt{\frac{2h}{a}} = \sqrt{\frac{60}{4.76}} = 3.55 \, \text{s} \tag{24}\]Equation 25, Turbojet Fuel Flow. A turbojet burns fuel at a rate equal to its specific fuel consumption times its thrust.
\[\dot{m}_{f} = c \, T \tag{25}\]Equation 26, Bespoke Hover Fuel Flow. The hover fuel flow is evaluated with an assumed specific fuel consumption of 0.93 pounds per pound of thrust per hour, the dry figure of a later Avon, giving 104.3 pounds per minute. engine compilation
\[\dot{m}_{f} = 0.93 \times 6730 = 6259 \, \text{lb/hr} = 104.3 \, \text{lb/min} \tag{26}\]Equation 27, Fuel Load from the Spin-Tunnel Loadings. The differences between the full, quarter and twentieth fuel loadings of the hook configuration each give a full fuel load of 1,400 pounds. Bowman 1957
\[m_{f} = \frac{6696 - 5646}{0.75} = \frac{6696 - 5366}{0.95} = 1400 \, \text{lb} \tag{27}\]Equation 28, Bespoke Hover Endurance. The fuel load divided by the hover fuel flow from the assumed specific fuel consumption gives 13.4 minutes of hovering.
\[t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{1400}{104.3} = 13.4 \, \text{min} \tag{28}\]Equation 29, Residual Weight Above the Quoted Empty Weight. Removing the fuel and the quoted empty weight from the wheeled full-fuel loading leaves 224 pounds. Bowman 1957
\[6958 - 1400 - 5334 = 224 \, \text{lb} \tag{29}\]Equation 30, Jet Hover Endurance. With thrust equal to weight, hover endurance is the fuel mass over the specific fuel consumption times the weight, a function of the fuel fraction and the consumption alone.
\[t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{m_{f}}{c \, W} = \frac{1}{c} \cdot \frac{m_{f}}{W} \tag{30}\]Equation 31, Actuator Disc Power per Unit Thrust. Ideal actuator disc theory gives the hovering power per unit thrust as the square root of the disc loading over twice the air density.
\[\frac{P}{T} = \sqrt{\frac{T/A}{2 \rho}} \tag{31}\]Equation 32, Rolling Moment of Inertia from the Spin-Tunnel Table. The tabulated roll inertia of 1,543 slug square feet converts to 2,092 kilogramme square metres. Bowman 1957
\[I_{xx} = 1543 \times 1.3558 = 2092 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{32}\]Equation 33, Bespoke Wingtip Jet Force. Each opposed jet on the scaled arm of 6.19 metres must produce 338 newtons to meet the adopted roll criterion of one radian per second squared. Smith 1958b
\[F = \frac{M}{d} = \frac{2092}{6.19} = 338 \, \text{N} = 76 \, \text{lbf} \tag{33}\]Equation 34, Bespoke Roll Jet Bleed Mass Flow. The bleed mass flow for the two jets is evaluated at an assumed bleed velocity of 500 metres per second, giving 1.35 kilogrammes per second.
\[\dot{m} = \frac{2F}{v} = \frac{676}{500} = 1.35 \, \text{kg/s} \tag{34}\]Equation 35, Bespoke Aileron Crossover Speed. The aerodynamic rolling couple with an assumed rolling moment increment of 0.05 meets the roll requirement at 24.5 metres per second.
\[V = \sqrt{\frac{M}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S b \, \Delta C_{l}}} = 24.5 \, \text{m/s} \tag{35}\]Equation 36, Yawing Moment of Inertia from the Spin-Tunnel Table. The tabulated yaw inertia of 4,833 slug square feet converts to 6,553 kilogramme square metres. Bowman 1957
\[I_{zz} = 4833 \times 1.3558 = 6553 \, \text{kg m}^{2} \tag{36}\]Equation 37, Bespoke Nozzle Deflection for Yaw. The nozzle deflection that meets a yaw criterion of 0.3 radians per second squared at the assumed arm of 3.5 metres is 0.72 degrees.
\[\theta = \arcsin \frac{M}{T \ell} = \arcsin \frac{1966}{44{,}482 \times 3.50} = 0.72^{\circ} \tag{37}\]Equation 38, Bespoke Rudder Crossover Speed. The aerodynamic yawing moment with an assumed yawing moment increment of 0.06 meets the yaw requirement at 21.7 metres per second.
\[V = \sqrt{\frac{M}{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho S b \, \Delta C_{n}}} = 21.7 \, \text{m/s} \tag{38}\]Equation 39, Vertical Force Balance in a Tilted Hover. The vertical component of thrust at a tilt $\phi$ from the vertical must at least equal the weight.
\[T \cos \phi \geq W \tag{39}\]Equation 40, Steepest Level Tilt. The steepest tilt at which thrust still supports the weight is the inverse cosine of the weight over the thrust, 47.7 degrees.
\[\phi_{\max} = \arccos \frac{W}{T} = \arccos 0.6730 = 47.7^{\circ} \tag{40}\]Equation 41, Bespoke Horizontal Acceleration at the Steepest Tilt. Neglecting drag, the horizontal component of thrust at the steepest tilt gives 10.78 metres per second squared.
\[a_{h} = g \frac{T}{W} \sin \phi_{\max} = 9.807 \times 1.486 \times 0.7396 = 10.78 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{41}\]Equation 42, Bespoke Time to Stall Speed. The time to reach the stall speed resting on the adopted maximum lift coefficient at the drag-free horizontal acceleration is 4.9 seconds.
\[t = \frac{V_{\text{stall}}}{a_{h}} = \frac{52.5}{10.78} = 4.9 \, \text{s} \tag{42}\]Equation 43, Bespoke Transition Distance. Constant drag-free acceleration over the transition time covers about 128 metres.
\[s = \tfrac{1}{2} a_{h} t^{2} = 128 \, \text{m} \tag{43}\]Equation 44, Bespoke Transition Fuel. Full thrust at the assumed specific fuel consumption of 0.93 for 4.9 seconds burns 12.6 pounds of fuel.
\[m_{f} = \frac{10{,}000 \times 0.93 \times 4.9}{3600} = 12.6 \, \text{lb} \tag{44}\]Equation 45, Bespoke Thrust Cost of Roll Bleed. The article assumes that bleeding air costs thrust in proportion, so the 1.93 percent bleed set by the assumed bleed velocity costs 859 newtons.
\[\Delta T \approx 0.0193 \, T = 859 \, \text{N} = 193 \, \text{lbf} \tag{45}\]Equation 46, Scaling of the Required Moment. For geometrically similar aircraft the required moment, an inertia times an angular acceleration, scales as the mass times the square of the length.
\[M_{\text{req}} = I \dot{\omega} \propto m L^{2} \tag{46}\]Equation 47, Bespoke Scaling of the Available Moment. At a fixed thrust-to-weight ratio, which the article assumes, the thrust scales with the mass and the available moment with the mass times the length.
\[M_{\text{av}} = T \ell \sin \theta \propto m L \tag{47}\]Equation 48, Bespoke Growth of Control Power with Size. Under the assumed fixed thrust-to-weight ratio the ratio of required to available moment grows linearly with the length.
\[\frac{M_{\text{req}}}{M_{\text{av}}} \propto L \tag{48}\]Equation 49, Fuel Fraction. The 1,400 pound fuel load over the 6,730 pound gross weight is a fuel fraction of 0.208.
\[\zeta = \frac{1400}{6730} = 0.208 \tag{49}\]Equation 50, Breguet Range for a Jet. The Breguet range of a jet is the speed over the specific fuel consumption times the lift-to-drag ratio times the logarithm of the initial to final mass ratio.
\[R = \frac{V}{c} \frac{L}{D} \ln \frac{1}{1 - \zeta} \tag{50}\]Equation 51, Bespoke Breguet Range of an Operational X-13. The Breguet range is evaluated at an assumed cruise speed of 200 metres per second, an assumed lift-to-drag ratio of six and the assumed specific fuel consumption, giving 1,083 kilometres.
\[R = \frac{200}{2.583 \times 10^{-4}} \times 6 \times \ln \frac{1}{0.792} = 1083 \, \text{km} \tag{51}\]Equation 52, Aspect Ratio. The span squared over the wing area gives an aspect ratio of 2.31. Bowman 1957
\[AR = \frac{b^{2}}{S} = \frac{6.40^{2}}{17.74} = 2.31 \tag{52}\]Equation 53, Axial Thrust Retained at Ten Degrees. A ten degree deflection retains the cosine of the angle, or 98.5 percent, of the thrust along the axis.
\[\frac{T_{\text{axial}}}{T} = \cos \theta = \cos 10^{\circ} = 0.985 \tag{53}\]Equation 54, Moment and Axial Thrust as Functions of Deflection. The moment grows with the sine of the deflection while the axial thrust falls with its cosine.
\[M(\theta) = T \ell \sin \theta, \qquad \frac{T_{\text{axial}}}{T} = \cos \theta \tag{54}\]Equation 55, Small-Angle Thrust Loss. For small deflections the fractional loss of axial thrust is approximately half the square of the angle in radians.
\[1 - \cos \theta \approx \frac{\theta^{2}}{2} \tag{55}\]Equation 56, Couple Force Against Arm. The force each opposed jet must produce is the roll inertia times the required roll acceleration divided by the arm between the jets.
\[F = \frac{I_{xx} \dot{p}}{d} \tag{56}\]Equation 57, Bespoke Crossover to Stall Ratio as a Square Root. The ratio of the crossover speed, defined by the adopted criterion, to the stall speed is the square root of the scale-free ratio derived earlier.
\[\frac{V_{\text{cross}}}{V_{\text{stall}}} = \sqrt{\frac{I_{yy} \dot{q}_{\text{req}} \, C_{L\max}}{W \bar{c} \, \Delta C_{m}}} \tag{57}\]Equation 58, Horizontal Acceleration from Hover Tilt. With thrust equal to weight, a tilt $\theta$ produces a horizontal acceleration of standard gravity times the sine of the tilt.
\[\ddot{x} = g \sin \theta \tag{58}\]Equation 59, Drag Force. The side force is the dynamic pressure times the reference area times the drag coefficient.
\[F = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} A C_{d} \tag{59}\]Equation 60, Station-Keeping Tilt in a Crosswind. Holding station requires the horizontal component of thrust per unit mass to balance the side force per unit mass.
\[g \sin \theta_{w} = \frac{\tfrac{1}{2} \rho V^{2} A C_{d}}{m} \tag{60}\]Equation 61, Thrust Change for a Vertical Acceleration. Newton’s second law gives the thrust change for a vertical acceleration as the mass times that acceleration.
\[\Delta T = m a \tag{61}\]Equation 62, Maximum Upward Acceleration. The excess of thrust over weight divided by the mass gives 4.76 metres per second squared.
\[a_{\max} = \frac{T - W}{m} = 4.76 \, \text{m/s}^{2} \tag{62}\]Equation 63, Bespoke Height Lost in Sink Recovery. The article approximates the height lost arresting a sink rate as the travel during a fixed engine lag $\tau$ plus a stopping distance at the maximum upward acceleration.
\[\Delta h \approx v \tau + \frac{v^{2}}{2 a_{\max}} \tag{63}\]Equation 64, Position Error from a Loop Delay. A closure speed $V$ held over a delay $\tau$ moves the aircraft a distance $V \tau$.
\[\delta x = V \tau \tag{64}\]Equation 65, Bespoke Lifted Mass Bookkeeping. The article writes the lifted mass as the empty, fuel and payload masses with the trailer excluded, a bookkeeping identity for moving mass to the ground.
\[m_{\text{lifted}} = m_{\text{empty}} + m_{\text{fuel}} + m_{\text{payload}}, \qquad m_{\text{trailer}} \notin m_{\text{lifted}} \tag{65}\]Equation 66, Hover Time Bought by a Weight Saving. A weight saving $w_{g}$ buys hover time equal to that weight over the specific fuel consumption times the aircraft weight.
\[\Delta t_{\text{hover}} = \frac{w_{g}}{c \, W} \tag{66}\]Equation 67, Measured Weight of the Wheels. The wheeled and hook full-fuel loadings differ by 262 pounds. Bowman 1957
\[6958 - 6696 = 262 \, \text{lb} \tag{67}\]Equation 68, Mean Deceleration over a Stroke. A closure rate $v$ arrested uniformly over a stroke $d$ gives a mean deceleration of $v^{2} / 2d$.
\[a = \frac{v^{2}}{2d} \tag{68}\]Equation 69, Bespoke Hook Arrival Deceleration. An assumed arrival at one metre per second stopped in an assumed 0.3 metres gives a mean deceleration of 0.17 gravities.
\[a = \frac{1.0}{0.6} = 1.67 \, \text{m/s}^{2} = 0.17 g \tag{69}\]Equation 70, Pilot Sight Line Offset. A seat pivoted forty-five degrees leaves the line of sight forty-five degrees from the direction of travel in a vertical descent. Smithsonian record’s
\[90^{\circ} - 45^{\circ} = 45^{\circ} \tag{70}\]Equation 71, Sight Line Angle for a Seat Pivot. The angle $\beta$ between the sight line and the direction of travel is ninety degrees less the seat pivot $\sigma$.
\[\beta = 90^{\circ} - \sigma \tag{71}\]Equation 72, Angular Momentum in Pitch. A pitch rotation at rate $\omega$ carries angular momentum equal to the pitch inertia times the rate.
\[H = I_{yy} \omega \tag{72}\]Equation 73, Time to Arrest a Pitch Rotation. A constant nozzle moment removes the angular momentum in a time equal to that momentum over the moment.
\[t = \frac{I_{yy} \omega}{T \ell \sin \theta} \tag{73}\]Equation 74, Froude-Scaled Engine Angular Momentum. The flywheel of the one-fifth-scale model scaled by the four and a half power of the length scale gives a full-scale engine angular momentum of $1.62 \times 10^{4}$ kilogramme square metres per second. Smith 1958b
\[H_{e} = 39{,}500 \times 5^{4.5} \, \text{lb in}^{2}/\text{s} = 1.62 \times 10^{4} \, \text{kg m}^{2}/\text{s} \tag{74}\]Equation 75, Gyroscopic Moment. A pitch rate $\Omega$ acting on the engine angular momentum produces a gyroscopic yawing moment equal to their product.
\[M_{g} = H_{e} \, \Omega \tag{75}\]Equation 76, Minimum Altitude After a Hover Power Failure. The report sums the fall before the spin, the spin recovery and an assumed pull-out distance to give 4,200 feet. Bowman 1957
\[h_{\min} = 900 + 800 + 2500 = 4200 \, \text{ft} \tag{76}\]Equation 77, Free Fall over the Time to Spin Entry. Free fall for the reported 6.5 seconds covers 680 feet, which does not match the 900 feet the report gives for that term. Bowman 1957
\[h = \tfrac{1}{2} g t^{2} = \tfrac{1}{2} \times 32.17 \times 6.5^{2} = 680 \, \text{ft} \tag{77}\]Equation 78, Bespoke Jet Exit Velocity. The thrust divided by an assumed engine mass flow of 70 kilogrammes per second gives an exit velocity of 635 metres per second.
\[v_{e} = \frac{T}{\dot{m}} = \frac{44{,}482}{70} = 635 \, \text{m/s} \tag{78}\]Equation 79, Bespoke Jet Dynamic Pressure. The dynamic pressure in the jet is evaluated at an assumed exhaust density of 0.35 kilogrammes per cubic metre, giving 70.7 kilopascals.
\[q_{e} = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho_{e} v_{e}^{2} = 70.7 \, \text{kPa} = 10.2 \, \text{psi} \tag{79}\]Equation 80, Bespoke Jet Disc Loading. The thrust over the nozzle area implied by the assumed mass flow and exhaust density gives a disc loading of 141 kilopascals.
\[\frac{T}{A} = 141 \, \text{kPa} \tag{80}\]Equation 81, Disc Loading of a Rotor of Equal Span. The thrust over the area of a rotor of the same 6.40 metre span gives 1,382 pascals.
\[\frac{T}{A_{\text{rotor}}} = \frac{44{,}482}{\pi (3.20)^{2}} = 1382 \, \text{Pa} \tag{81}\]Equation 82, Bespoke Jet to Rotor Disc Loading Ratio. The jet disc loading resting on the assumed mass flow and exhaust density is about 102 times that of a rotor of equal span.
\[\frac{141{,}000}{1382} = 102 \tag{82}\]Equation 83, Bespoke Probability of an Unambiguous All-Up Test. Assuming that the wing, the hover and the join each succeed independently with probability $p$, a single all-up attempt is unambiguous with probability $p^{3}$.
\[p^{3} \tag{83}\]Equation 84, Interval from First Flight to Full Cycle. The three intervals between the dated milestones sum to 488 days. Smithsonian record’s
\[170 + 184 + 134 = 488 \, \text{days} \tag{84}\]Equation 85, Froude Number Similarity. Dynamic similarity in a gravity-dominated problem requires the Froude number $V^{2}/gL$ to match between model and aircraft.
\[\frac{V^{2}}{gL} = \text{constant} \tag{85}\]Equation 86, Froude Scaling Ratios. At a length scale $\kappa$ Froude scaling makes speeds and times vary as the square root of the scale, angular rates as its inverse square root and masses as its cube.
\[\frac{V_{m}}{V_{f}} = \sqrt{\kappa}, \qquad \frac{t_{m}}{t_{f}} = \sqrt{\kappa}, \qquad \frac{\omega_{m}}{\omega_{f}} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{\kappa}}, \qquad \frac{m_{m}}{m_{f}} = \kappa^{3} \tag{86}\]Equation 87, Model Weight Against the Froude-Scaled Weight. The 39.3 pound model was 0.73 of the 53.8 pounds that Froude scaling of the gross weight requires. Smith 1958b
\[\frac{39.3}{6730 / 125} = \frac{39.3}{53.8} = 0.73 \tag{87}\]Equation 88, Reynolds Number Ratio Under Froude Scaling. With speed scaling as the square root of the length scale the Reynolds number scales as its three halves power, 0.089 at one fifth scale.
\[\frac{Re_{m}}{Re_{f}} = \kappa^{3/2} = 0.089 \tag{88}\]Equation 89, Jet Hover Endurance from the Fuel Fraction. Hover endurance of a jet is the fuel fraction divided by the specific fuel consumption expressed as a reciprocal time.
\[t = \frac{\zeta}{c} \tag{89}\]Equation 90, Bespoke Disc Loading Scaling of a Model. Under geometric scaling at an assumed fixed thrust-to-weight ratio the thrust scales as the cube of the length and the nozzle area as its square, so the disc loading scales as the length.
\[\frac{T}{A} \propto L \tag{90}\]Equation 91, Bearing of the Landing Point from a Tail-Sitter Pilot. With the target along the negative body axis and the seat pivoted forty-five degrees the bearing of the landing point from the line of sight is 135 degrees.
\[135^{\circ} \tag{91}\]Equation 92, Bespoke Bearing for a Horizontal Hovering Aircraft. A pilot looking forward and down at a target directly below is taken to see it at a bearing of order 45 degrees, a representative figure rather than a measured one.
\[45^{\circ} \tag{92}\]Equation 93, Jet Hover Endurance Restated. A jet in the hover obeys an endurance equal to the fuel fraction over the specific fuel consumption.
\[t = \frac{\zeta}{c} \tag{93}\]Equation 94, Rotor Power per Unit Thrust and Induced Velocity. Momentum theory gives the power per unit thrust as the induced velocity over the figure of merit $\eta$, with the induced velocity set by the disc loading.
\[\frac{P}{T} = \frac{v_{i}}{\eta}, \qquad v_{i} = \sqrt{\frac{T/A}{2\rho}} \tag{94}\]Equation 95, Rotor Hover Endurance. A rotor’s hover endurance is the stored energy per unit mass times the energy fraction and the figure of merit, divided by standard gravity times the induced velocity.
\[t = \frac{\zeta_{b} \, e \, \eta}{g \, v_{i}} \tag{95}\]Equation 96, Bespoke Electric Tail-Sitter Hover Endurance. The rotor endurance is evaluated with the energy fraction set equal to the X-13 fuel fraction, a battery of 250 watt hours per kilogramme, an assumed figure of merit of 0.70 and an induced velocity of 14.1 metres per second, giving 15.8 minutes.
\[t = \frac{0.208 \times 9.0 \times 10^{5} \times 0.70}{9.807 \times 14.1} = 948 \, \text{s} = 15.8 \, \text{min} \tag{96}\]Equation 97, Bespoke Effective Specific Consumption of a Rotor. The article defines an effective specific consumption for a rotor by matching its endurance relation to the jet form $t = \zeta / c$.
\[c_{\text{eff}} = \frac{g \, v_{i}}{e \, \eta} \tag{97}\]Equation 98, Weighted Least-Squares Control Allocation. The weighted minimum-norm solution of the allocation equation gives the actuator commands that produce the desired moment at least weighted cost.
\[\mathbf{M}_{\text{des}} = B \mathbf{u}, \qquad \mathbf{u} = W^{-1} B^{\mathsf{T}} \left( B W^{-1} B^{\mathsf{T}} \right)^{-1} \mathbf{M}_{\text{des}} \tag{98}\]Equation 99, Slipstream Dynamic Pressure Equals Disc Loading. The dynamic pressure of the fully developed slipstream equals the disc loading.
\[q_{s} = \tfrac{1}{2} \rho v_{s}^{2} = \frac{T}{A} \tag{99}\]Equation 100, Bespoke Sensitivity of Crossover Speed to Elevon Effectiveness. Because the crossover speed is defined by an assumed moment increment, it varies as the inverse square root of that increment.
\[V_{\text{cross}} \propto (\Delta C_{m})^{-1/2} \tag{100}\]Notation
- $q$, the dynamic pressure in pascals
- $\rho$, the air density
- $S$, the wing reference area
- $b$, the wing span
- $\bar{c}$, the mean chord, taken here as wing area over span
- $\Delta C_{m}$, the elevon pitching moment coefficient increment at full deflection
- $\Delta C_{l}$, the aileron rolling moment coefficient increment
- $\Delta C_{n}$, the rudder yawing moment coefficient increment
- $M_{\text{aero}}$, the aerodynamic control moment
- $M_{\text{thrust}}$, the moment of the deflected thrust
- $M_{\text{req}}$, the moment that the control criterion requires
- $T$, the thrust
- $W$, the aircraft weight, and in the allocation relation the actuator weighting matrix
- $\ell$, the distance from the nozzle to the centre of mass
- $\theta$, the nozzle deflection, and in the hover relations the tilt of the aircraft
- $V_{\text{equal}}$, the speed at which the aerodynamic and thrust moments are equal
- $V_{\text{cross}}$, the speed at which the aerodynamic moment meets the control criterion
- $V_{\text{stall}}$, the stall speed
- $C_{L\max}$, the maximum lift coefficient
- $I_{xx}$, the moment of inertia in roll
- $I_{yy}$, the moment of inertia in pitch
- $I_{zz}$, the moment of inertia in yaw
- $\dot{q}_{\text{req}}$, the required pitch angular acceleration
- $\lambda(V)$, the aerodynamic share of the available control authority
- $v_{s}$, the fully developed slipstream velocity
- $c$, the thrust specific fuel consumption
- $\dot{m}_{f}$, the fuel mass flow
- $m_{f}$, the fuel mass
- $t_{\text{hover}}$, the hover endurance
- $\zeta$, the fuel mass fraction
- $d$, the arm between the opposed wingtip jets, and in the arrival relation the arresting stroke
- $\phi$, the tilt from the vertical during the transition
- $a_{h}$, the horizontal acceleration during the transition
- $\tau$, the engine lag or loop delay
- $\beta$, the angle between the pilot’s line of sight and the direction of travel
- $\sigma$, the seat pivot from the body axis
- $H_{e}$, the angular momentum of the engine rotor
- $\Omega$, the pitch rate acting on the engine angular momentum
- $v_{e}$, the jet exit velocity
- $\kappa$, the length scale of the model
- $v_{i}$, the induced velocity of a rotor
- $\eta$, the rotor figure of merit
- $\zeta_{b}$, the battery mass fraction
- $c_{\text{eff}}$, the effective specific consumption of a rotor
- $B$, the control effectiveness matrix
- $\mathbf{u}$, the vector of actuator commands
References
Primary Sources, Peer-Reviewed
- Abdelkhalek, Mostafa, and Ismail Bayezit. 2026. “Cooperative-Platform Relative Navigation and Predictive-Terminal Guidance for Shipboard UAV Landing in GPS-Denied Environments.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 34 (6): 3286–3301. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3738857
- Abdelmageed, Mohamed, Aly Attallah, and Ahmed Taimour Hafez. 2024. “Optimal Thrust Vectored Control for Vertical Take off and Landing Underactuated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2024 34th International Conference on Computer Theory and Applications (ICCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccta64612.2024.10974878
- Abdelwahab, Marwan, Mohammad Awwad, and Abdelgawad Elashry. 2026. “A Survey of Airliner Instrument Landing Systems and UAV Vision/AI-Based Autonomous Landing.” In 2026 ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Electronics, EM-Waves, and Communications (IEEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieec69628.2026.11584109
- Abdessameud, A., and F. Janabi-Sharifi. 2013. “Dynamic Image-Based Tracking Control for VTOL UAVs.” In 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6761106
- Abdessameud, Abdelkader, and Farrokh Janabi-Sharifi. 2015. “Image-Based Tracking Control of VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Automatica 53: 111–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2014.12.032
- Aboudorra, Youssef, Aaron Saini, and Antonio Franchi. 2024. “Gain Scheduling Position Control for Fully-Actuated Morphing Multi-Rotor UAVs.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10557108
- Aboumrad, Anthony, Joseph Haun, Alexander McGinnis, and Nansong Wu. 2020. “An Automatic Platform for Landing and Charging of UAVs to Extend UAV Operations.” In 2020 16th International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems (DCOSS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dcoss49796.2020.00061
- Abulkassov, Bakhtiyar, Valeriya Makhmudova, Arystan Amangeldi, and Sanzhar Kusdavletov. 2026. “Hierarchical Nonlinear MPC for Interception and Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor UAV on a Moving Platform.” In 2026 34th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med70602.2026.11598070
- Acquatella B., Paul, Wim van Ekeren, and Qi Ping Chu. 2017. “PI(D) Tuning for Flight Control Systems via Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 50 (1): 8175–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1265
- Acuna, Raul, Ding Zhang, and Volker Willert. 2018. “Vision-Based UAV Landing on a Moving Platform in GPS Denied Environments Using Motion Prediction.” In 2018 Latin American Robotic Symposium, 2018 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) and 2018 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/lars/sbr/wre.2018.00096
- Adams, Richard J., and Siva S. Banda. 1993a. “An Integrated Approach to Flight Control Design Using Dynamic Inversion and μ-Synthesis.” In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4793098
- Adams, R. J., and S. S. Banda. 1993b. “Robust Flight Control Design Using Dynamic Inversion and Structured Singular Value Synthesis.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 1 (2): 80–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/87.238401
- Adamski, Miroslaw, Wojciech Lorenc, and Janusz Cwiklak. 2014. “Vertical Take off Reconnaissance Unmanned Air Vehicle.” In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2014.7007342
- Adarkar, D. B., and G. R. Hall. 1969. “The ‘‘Fountain Effect’’ and VTOL Exhaust Ingestion.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (2): 109–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44016
- Adelt, Wilfried H. 1983. “Type a V/STOL: One Aircraft for All Support Missions?” Journal of Aircraft 20 (6): 508–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44901
- Adesh, A., and S. R. Arun. 2024. “Electric, Amphibious and VTOL Aircraft Design, a Forgotten Art: From Conceptual Design to Powerful Future Implementation.” In 2024 Third International Conference on Distributed Computing and Electrical Circuits and Electronics (ICDCECE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icdcece60827.2024.10548810
- Afilipoae, Tudorel-Petronel, Pedro Simplicio, Samir Bennani, and Hans Strauch. 2024. “Stability and Control during Vertical Take-Off and Landing: The Impact of Aerodynamics.” Aerospace 11 (12): 1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11121021
- Ahmad, Bushra. 2026. “Radio Beacons Intensity-Based Algorithm for UAV Angular Vibration Estimation and Precision Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2026 International Conference on Integrated Intelligence and Cognitive Engineering (ICIICE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciice69672.2026.11565376
- Ahmadi, Karim, Davood Asadi, Seyed-Yaser Nabavi-Chashmi, and Onder Tutsoy. 2023. “Modified Adaptive Discrete-Time Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Quad-Rotors in the Presence of Motor Faults.” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 188: 109989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2022.109989
- Ahmadi Dastgerdi, Karim, and Seyed-Yaser Nabavi-Chashmi. 2026. “Development of a Robust-Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control Algorithm Enhanced by Data-Driven Actuator Fault Estimation for a Multirotor UAV.” Machines 14 (6): 639. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14060639
- Ahmed, Ahmed M., and Jayantha Katupitiya. 2021. “Modeling and Control of a Novel Vectored-Thrust Quadcopter.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (7): 1399–1409. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005467
- Ahmed Snikdha, Samia Shahrin, and Shih-Hsiung Chen. 2023. “A Computational Investigation of the Hover Mechanism of an Innovated Disc-Shaped VTOL UAV.” Drones 7 (2): 105. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7020105
- Aikins, Godwyll, Sagar Jagtap, and Kim-Doang Nguyen. 2024. “A Robust Strategy for UAV Autonomous Landing on a Moving Platform under Partial Observability.” Drones 8 (6): 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8060232
- Ailon, A. 2005. “Control of a VTOL Aircraft: Motion Planning and Trajectory Tracking.” In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Symposium on, Mediterrean Conference on Control and Automation Intelligent Control, 2005.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/.2005.1469803
- Ailon, Amit. 2006. “Optimal Path and Tracking Control of an Autonomous VTOL Aircraft.” In 2006 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2006.328771
- Ailon, Amit. 2007. “Motion Planning and Optimal Control of an Autonomous VTOL Aircraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40 (15): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.3182/20070903-3-fr-2921.00005
- Ailon, Amit. 2009. “Control for Autonomous VTOL Aircraft with Restricted Inputs.” In 2009 17th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2009.5164771
- Ajaj, Rafic M. 2021. “Flight Dynamics of Transport Aircraft Equipped with Flared-Hinge Folding Wingtips.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (1): 98–110. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035940
- Ajel, Ahmed R., Amjad J. Humaidi, Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem, and Ahmad Taher Azar. 2021. “Robust Model Reference Adaptive Control for Tail-Sitter VTOL Aircraft.” Actuators 10 (7): 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10070162
- Ajmera, Juhi, Siddharthan PR, Ramaravind K.M., Gautham Vasan, Naresh Balaji, and V. Sankaranarayanan. 2015. “Autonomous Visual Tracking and Landing of a Quadrotor on a Moving Platform.” In 2015 Third International Conference on Image Information Processing (ICIIP). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciip.2015.7414792
- Akagi, David, Tim McLain, and Joshua Mangelson. 2024. “Robust IR-Based Pose Estimation for Precision VTOL Aircraft Landing in Urban Environments.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10557092
- Akash, S., and B. Anbarasu. 2025. “Vision-Based Flat Landing Field Recognition for the Autonomous Landing of Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV).” In 2025 2nd International Conference on Image Processing, Multimedia Technology and Machine Learning (IPMML). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ipmml68499.2025.11407142
- Akash, Arumugam, Vijayaraj Stephen Joseph Raj, Ramesh Sushmitha, Boga Prateek, Sankarasubramanian Aditya, and Veloorillom Madhavan Sreehari. 2021. “Design and Analysis of VTOL Operated Intercity Electrical Vehicle for Urban Air Mobility.” Electronics 11 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11010020
- Akhtar, Mishma, and Adnan Maqsood. 2024. “Comparative Analysis of Deep Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Hover-to-Cruise Transition Maneuvers of a Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Aerospace 11 (12): 1040. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11121040
- Aksugur, Mirac, and Gokhan Inalhan. 2009. “Design Methodology of a Hybrid Propulsion Driven Electric Powered Miniature Tailsitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems 57 (1–4): 505–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9368-0
- Akturk, Ali, and Cengiz Camci. 2022. “Double-Ducted Fan as an Effective Lip Separation Control Concept for Vertical-Takeoff-and-Landing Vehicles.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (1): 233–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036386
- Al-Hiddabi, S. A., and N. H. McClamroch. n.d. “Output Tracking for Nonlinear Non-Minimum Phase VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 37th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.98CH36171), vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1998.762048
- Al-radhi, Haitham M., and Khaled A. El-Metwally. 2023. “Vertical Take-Off and Landing System Control Using Deep Reinforcement Learning.” In 2023 3rd International Conference on Emerging Smart Technologies and Applications (eSmarTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/esmarta59349.2023.10293679
- Aláez, Daniel, Xabier Olaz, Manuel Prieto, Pablo Porcellinis, and Jesús Villadangos. 2022. “HIL Flight Simulator for VTOL-UAV Pilot Training Using X-Plane.” Information 13 (12): 585. https://doi.org/10.3390/info13120585
- Aláez, D., X. Olaz, M. Prieto, J. Villadangos, and J. J. Astrain. 2023. “VTOL UAV Digital Twin for Take-off, Hovering and Landing in Different Wind Conditions.” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 123: 102703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102703
- Alarcon, Francisco, Daniel Santamaria, and Antidio Viguria. 2015. “UAV Helicopter Relative State Estimation for Autonomous Landing on Moving Platforms in a GPS-Denied Scenario.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 48 (9): 37–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.08.056
- Alatorre, A., P. Castillo, and R. Lozano. 2023. “Nonconventional Angle-of-Attack Control Strategy for Reducing the Airspeed during the Fixed-Wing Drone Landing.” In 2023 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc57647.2023.10178420
- Alba, Christian, Ali Elham, Brian J. German, and Leo L. L. M. Veldhuis. 2018. “A Surrogate-Based Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization Framework Modeling Wing–propeller Interaction.” Aerospace Science and Technology 78: 721–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.05.002
- Alblooshi, Abdelrahman A., Ishaq Hafez, and Rached Dhaouadi. 2025. “An Improved Hybrid MRAC–LQR Control Scheme for Robust Quadrotor Altitude and Attitude Regulation.” Drones 9 (12): 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9120814
- Alcan, Gokhan, and Mustafa Unel. 2017. “Robust Hovering Control of a Quadrotor Using Acceleration Feedback.” In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991335
- Aldebrez, F. M., I. Z. M. Darus, and M. O. Tokhi. 2004. “Dynamic Modelling of a Twin Rotor System in Hovering Position.” In First International Symposium on Control, Communications and Signal Processing, 2004.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isccsp.2004.1296572
- Alharasees, Omar, Farzad Zolfaghari, and Utku Kale. 2024. “Comprehensive Analysis of Advanced Display and Control Systems for eVTOL Aircraft.” In 2024 6th Global Power, Energy and Communication Conference (GPECOM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/gpecom61896.2024.10582627
- Ali, Ali Mohamed, Hashim A. Hashim, and Chao Shen. 2024a. “MPC Based Linear Equivalence with Control Barrier Functions for VTOL-UAVs.” In 2024 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc60939.2024.10644310
- Alijani, Morteza, and Anas Osman. 2020. “Autonomous Landing of UAV on Moving Platform: A Mathematical Approach.” In 2020 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad49821.2020.9260498
- Almeshal, Abdullah M., and Mohammad R. Alenezi. 2018. “A Vision-Based Neural Network Controller for the Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on Moving Targets.” Robotics 7 (4): 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics7040071
- Alsaayed, Jad, and Hassan Noura. 2025. “Analysis of Reinforcement Learning-Based Altitude Control for a UAV Landing on a Moving Target under High Disturbance.” In 2025 11th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit66093.2025.11321473
- Alsalem, Ahmed, and Mohamed Zohdy. 2023. “A Review on Civil Applications of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles.” In 2023 IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability (SusTech). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sustech57309.2023.10129574
- Alulema, Victor, Gloria Acosta-Vargas, Cesar Guevara, and Patricia Acosta-Vargas. 2026. “How Stakeholder Requirements Constrain Drone-Based Medical Delivery: Probabilistic Sizing of eVTOL Aircraft at High Altitude.” Scientific Reports 16 (1): 26444. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-54743-2
- Alvarez-Munoz, J. U., J. J. Castillo-Zamora, J. Escareno, I. Boussaada, F. Mendez-Barrios, and O. Labbani-Igbida. 2019. “Time-Delay Control of a Multi-Rotor VTOL Multi-Agent System towards Transport Operations.” In 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2019.8798094
- Alves, Bernardo, Andre Marta, and Luis Felix. 2022. “Multidisciplinary Optimisation of an eVTOL UAV with a Hydrogen Fuel Cell.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836228
- Alwi, Halim, and Christopher Edwards. 2009. “Propulsion Control of a Large Civil Aircraft Using on-Line Control Allocation.” In 2009 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2009.5160331
- Ambroziak, Leszek, Cezary Kownacki, and Arkadiusz Bozko. 2022. “Hybrid VTOL UAV Autonomous Operations from Mobile Landing Pad.” In 2022 26th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar55195.2022.9874343
- An, Jae-Hyun, Do-Youn Kwon, Kwon-Su Jeon, Maxim Tyan, and Jae-Woo Lee. 2022. “Advanced Sizing Methodology for a Multi-Mode eVTOL UAV Powered by a Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery.” Aerospace 9 (2): 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020071
- An, Zhengcai, and Shuyi Shao. 2023. “Resilient Switching Control of the Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on the Disturbance Observer.” In 2023 International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarm58088.2023.10218762
- Anderson, Seth B. 1979b. “Historical Overview of Stall/Spin Characteristics of General Aviation Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (7): 455–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58548
- Anderson, Seth B. 1985. “Handling Qualities Related to Stall/spin Accidents of Supersonic Fighter Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 22 (10): 875–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45218
- Anderson, Richard, Riccardo Roiati, Tyler Rice, and Brock Steinfeldt. 2024. “Performance Study of an eVTOL Aircraft with Fully Electric, Hybrid, and Conventional Propulsion.” In 2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521178
- Andre, A. D., and W. W. Johnson. 1992. “Stereo Effectiveness Evaluation for Precision Hover Tasks in a Helmet-Mounted Display Simulator.” In [Proceedings] 1992 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.1992.271636
- Andrisani, Dominick, and Ching-Fu Gau. 1985. “A Nonlinear Pilot Model for Hover.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 8 (3): 332–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.19984
- Andronikos, Theologos, George Papadakis, Vasilis Riziotis, and Spyros Voutsinas. 2021. “Revising of the near Ground Helicopter Hover: The Effect of Ground Boundary Layer Development.” Applied Sciences 11 (21): 9935. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11219935
- Ang, Kevin Z. Y., Jinqiang Cui, Tao Pang, et al. 2014. “Development of an Unmanned Tail-Sitter with Reconfigurable Wings: U-Lion.” In 11th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2014.6871015
- Angarita, Juan Camilo, Ester Martinez-Martin, Enric Cervera, and Angel P. Del Pobil. 2026. “Vision-Based Autonomous Drone Landing.” In 2026 17th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae70752.2026.11709053
- Anitha, G., and R. N. Gireesh Kumar. 2012. “Vision Based Autonomous Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Procedia Engineering 38: 2250–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.06.271
- Antonakis, Aristeidis. 2025a. “Handling Qualities Sizing for Aerial Vehicles Based on Control Moment Polytopes.” Aerospace Science and Technology 159: 110020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110020
- Antonakis, Aristeidis. 2025b. “Reinforcement-Learning-Based Aircraft Handling Qualities Testing with Uncertainty Modeling.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 16 (2): 467–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-025-00815-4
- Antonakis, Aristeidis, and Jean-Marc Biannic. 2024. “Minimum-Drag Fault-Tolerant Aircraft Control Allocation via Online Lifting Line Calculation.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (5): 1428–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037707
- Aoki, Tomoya, and Yoshiyuki Higashi. 2020. “Stabilization of a Quadrotor with Safety Harness during Collision and Hover.” In 2020 IEEE Region 10 Conference (Tencon). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon50793.2020.9293768
- Apkarian, Jacob. 2018. “Attitude Control of Pitch-Decoupled VTOL Fixed Wing Tiltrotor.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453473
- Araar, Oualid, and Nabil Aouf. 2014. “A New Hybrid Approach for the Visual Servoing of VTOL UAVs from Unknown Geometries.” In 22nd Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2014.6961576
- Araar, Oualid, Nabil Aouf, and Ivan Vitanov. 2016. “Vision Based Autonomous Landing of Multirotor UAV on Moving Platform.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 85 (2): 369–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-016-0399-z
- Araar, Oualid, Mohamed Zakaria Mimouni, Khaled Fellah, and Hafsa Osmani. 2017. “Identification & Control of a Multirotor UAV in the Presence of Actuator Asymmetry.” In 2017 25th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2017.7984254
- Arace, Matthew, Anubhav Datta, and Michael Ricci. 2026. “Hybrid-Electric Rotorcraft Sizing with Detailed Engine Specific Fuel Consumption.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (2): 669–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038404
- Argyle, Matthew E., Jason M. Beach, Randal W. Beard, Timothy W. McLain, and Stephen Morris. 2014. “Quaternion Based Attitude Error for a Tailsitter in Hover Flight.” In 2014 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6859324
- Ariante, Gennaro, Salvatore Ponte, Umberto Papa, Alberto Greco, and Giuseppe Del Core. 2022. “Ground Control System for UAS Safe Landing Area Determination (SLAD) in Urban Air Mobility Operations.” Sensors 22 (9): 3226. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22093226
- Armutcuoglu, Ozlem, Mehmet Serif Kavsaoglu, and Ozan Tekinalp. 2004. “Tilt Duct Vertical Takeoff and Landing Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Concept Design Study.” Journal of Aircraft 41 (2): 215–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.271
- Asghari, Javad, and Morteza Tayefi. 2026. “Dynamic Pareto Allocation for Transition Phase of over-Actuated Hybrid Quadplane.” IEEE Access 14: 62642–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3679992
- Ashkenas, Irving L. 1984. “Twenty-Five Years of Handling Qualities Research.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (5): 289–301. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44963
- Ashworth, B. R., and B. T. McKissick. 1979. “Effects of Helmet Loader Cues on Simulator Pilot Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (11): 787–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58605
- “Assessing Pilot Workload. Advisory Group for Aerospace Research and Development, Paris.” 1979. Applied Ergonomics 10 (2): 115. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(79)90090-5
- Atesoglu, Özgür, and M. Kemal Özgören. 2007. “High-Alpha Flight Maneuverability Enhancement of a Fighter Aircraft Using Thrust-Vectoring Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 30 (5): 1480–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.28620
- Atesoglu, Özgür, and M. Kemal Özgören. 2009. “Control and Robustness Analysis for a High-Infinity Maneuverable Thrust-Vectoring Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 32 (5): 1483–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.42989
- Athayde, Alexandre, Alexandra Moutinho, and José Raul Azinheira. 2024b. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamics Inversion and Incremental Backstepping: Experimental Attitude Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” Actuators 13 (6): 225. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13060225
- Attar, Peter J., Raymond E. Gordnier, and Miguel R. Visbal. 2008. “Numerical Simulation of Full-Span Delta Wing Buffet at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (3): 857–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.28377
- Autenrieb, Johannes, Hyo-Sang Shin, and Marko Bacic. 2019. “Development of a Neural Network-Based Adaptive Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller for a Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” In 2019 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED UAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/reduas47371.2019.8999700
- Axten, Rachel M., Thanakorn Khamvilai, and Eric N. Johnson. 2024b. “Multi-Outer Loop Dynamic Inversion Control: An Application to a VTOL Free-Wing Aircraft.” IEEE Control Systems Letters 8: 181–86. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3346458
- Ayyaswamy, Abhinand, Bairav S. Vishnugopi, and Partha P. Mukherjee. 2023. “Revealing Hidden Predicaments to Lithium-Ion Battery Dynamics for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Joule 7 (9): 2016–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2023.07.014
- Azid, Sheikh Izzal, Krishneel Kumar, Maurizio Cirrincione, and Adriano Fagiolini. 2021. “Wind Gust Estimation for Precise Quasi-Hovering Control of Quadrotor Aircraft.” Control Engineering Practice 116: 104930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2021.104930
- Bachelder, E. N., and R. J. Hansman. n.d. “Experimental Study of Helmet-Mounted Display Attitude and Flow Cues on Rotorcraft Hover Performance.” In 16th DASC. AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. Reflections to the Future. Proceedings, vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.1997.636188
- Badakis, Giannis, Manos Koutsoubelias, and Spyros Lalis. 2021. “Robust Precision Landing for Autonomous Drones Combining Vision-Based and Infrared Sensors.” In 2021 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sas51076.2021.9530091
- Bae, Hyansu, Jeongwook Lee, and Kichang Lee. 2022. “Marker-Based 3D Position-Prediction Algorithm of Mobile Vertiport for Cabin-Delivery Mechanism of Dual-Mode Flying Car.” Electronics 11 (12): 1837. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11121837
- Baggi, Raffaele, Andrea Serrani, and Elisa Franco. 2022. “Hierarchical Dynamic Control Allocation for over-Actuated Aircraft: Methodology and Flight Tests on a Scaled-Down Model.” In 2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta49430.2022.9966141
- Bagherzadeh, Seyed Amin. 2026. “Using the LSTM Network for Gray-Box Dynamic Identification of Aircraft at Post-Stall Maneuvers.” Mathematical and Computational Applications 31 (3): 85. https://doi.org/10.3390/mca31030085
- Bagiev, Marat, and Douglas G. Thomson. 2009. “Handling Qualities Evaluation of an Autogiro against the Existing Rotorcraft Criteria.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (1): 168–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.37289
- Bahnemann, Rik, Michael Burri, Enric Galceran, Roland Siegwart, and Juan Nieto. 2017. “Sampling-Based Motion Planning for Active Multirotor System Identification.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989453
- Bakaul, Saifur R., Wang Yankui, and Wu Guangxing. 2014. “Suppression of Wing Rock in Slender Delta Wing by Horizontal Strakes.” AIAA Journal 52 (12): 2739–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j052957
- Baldini, Alessandro, Riccardo Felicetti, Alessandro Freddi, and Andrea Monteriù. 2026. “Geometric Cascade Control for Thrust Vectoring Multirotors.” In 2026 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas69441.2026.11598634
- Banazadeh, Afshin, and Neda Taymourtash. 2016. “Optimal Control of an Aerial Tail Sitter in Transition Flight Phases.” Journal of Aircraft 53 (4): 914–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033339
- Bannwarth, J. X. J., Z. J. Chen, K. A. Stol, and B. A. MacDonald. 2016. “Disturbance Accomodation Control for Wind Rejection of a Quadcopter.” In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2016.7502632
- Bao, Xin, Yan Li, and Zhong Wang. 2025. “Direct Force Control Technology for Longitudinal Trajectory of Receiver Aircraft Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Active Disturbance Rejection Controller.” Machines 13 (6): 525. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060525
- Bapst, Roman, Robin Ritz, Lorenz Meier, and Marc Pollefeys. 2015. “Design and Implementation of an Unmanned Tail-Sitter.” In 2015 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2015.7353624
- Bardera Mora, Rafael, and Juan Carlos Matías García. 2022. “Helicopter Rotor Ground Effect and Frigate Interaction Investigated by Particle Image Velocimetry.” AIAA Journal 60 (1): 129–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j060439
- Barla, C., E. Berton, D. Favier, and C. Maresca. 2006. “Embedded Laser Doppler Velocimetry Boundary-Layer Investigation on a Tilt-Rotor Blade.” Journal of Aircraft 43 (3): 584–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.15983
- Barra, Jeremy, Gerard Scorletti, Suzanne Lesecq, Mykhailo Zarudniev, and Eric Blanco. 2020. “Attraction Domain Estimation of Linear Controllers for the Attitude Control of VTOL Vehicles: P/PI Control of a Quadrotor.” In 2020 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc51009.2020.9143612
- Barufaldi, Guilherme N., and Mauricio A. V. Morales. 2023. “Optimal Range and Endurance for Electric Aircraft Driven by Fixed-Pitch Propellers.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (1): 272–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036890
- Basescu, Max, Bryanna Yeh, Luca Scheuer, Kevin Wolfe, and Joseph Moore. 2023. “Precision Post-Stall Landing Using NMPC with Learned Aerodynamics.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 8 (5): 3031–38. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2023.3264738
- Batool, Amber, Faryal Batool, Roohan Ahmed Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Mustafa, Aleksey Fedoseev, and Dzmitry Tsetserukou. 2025. “NMPC-Lander: Nonlinear MPC with Control Barrier Function for UAV Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc58881.2025.11343659
- Batra, Aman, Reiko Raute, and Robert Camilleri. 2024. “An Endurance Equation for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft.” Aerospace 11 (9): 698. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090698
- Bauersfeld, L., and G. Ducard. 2020. “Fused-PID Control for Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” In 2020 28th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med48518.2020.9183031
- Beach, Jason M., Matthew E. Argyle, Timothy W. McLain, Randal W. Beard, and Stephen Morris. 2014. “Tailsitter Attitude Control Using Resolved Tilt-Twist.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842322
- Beane, Beverly. 1953. “Influence Functions for Computing Lift and Rolling Moment of a Twisted Narrow Delta Wing.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 20 (2): 138–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.2560
- Beaulieu, M. Nadeau, R. M. Botez, and A. Hiliuta. 2007. “Ground Dynamics Model Validation by Use of Landing Flight Test.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (6): 2063–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.26625
- Beck, C., B. Bodenheimer, and P. Bendotti. 1995. “LMI-Based Model Reduction for a Vectored-Thrust Ducted Fan.” In Proceedings of 1995 34th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1995.479092
- Beck, Nils, Rolf Radespiel, Carsten Lenfers, Jens Friedrichs, and Alireza Rezaeian. 2015. “Aerodynamic Effects of Propeller Slipstream on a Wing with Circulation Control.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (5): 1422–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032901
- Becker, Michael, and David Sheffler. 2016. “Designing a High Speed, Stealthy, and Payload-Focused VTOL UAV.” In 2016 IEEE Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium (SIEDS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sieds.2016.7489294
- Becker, William, Keith Worden, Maneula Battipede, and Cecilia Surace. 2011. “Uncertainty Analysis of a Dynamic Model of a Novel Remotely Piloted Airship.” Journal of Aircraft 48 (3): 1028–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031207
- Behan, R. A., and F. A. Siciliani. 1967. “Landing Task and Pilot Acceptance of Displays.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (2): 141–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43811
- Beheshti, Amin Rabiei, Yoonsoo Kim, and Rho Shin Myong. 2023. “Adaptive Neural Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control of Aircraft in Icing Conditions.” In 2023 23rd International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas59377.2023.10316917
- Belák, Jan, and Martin Hromčík. 2023b. “Unified Attitude Control Strategy for Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10156090
- Belak, Jan, and Martin Hromcik. 2024. “Blended Pilot and Controller Authority Architecture for Altitude Control with VTOL Aircraft.” In 2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821556
- Bellankimath, Apurva, and T. S. Chandar. 2015. “Robust Control of Wing Rock Motion under Time Varying Angle of Attack Using UDE.” In 2015 International Conference on Industrial Instrumentation and Control (ICIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iic.2015.7150728
- Beneda, Karoly, Rudolf Andoga, and Ladislav Fozo. 2018. “Linear Mathematical Model of Single-Spool Micro Turbojet Engine with Fixed Exhaust Nozzle.” In 2018 IEEE 16th World Symposium on Applied Machine Intelligence and Informatics (SAMI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sami.2018.8324848
- Benedict, Moble, Tejaswi Jarugumilli, and Inderjit Chopra. 2013. “Effect of Rotor Geometry and Blade Kinematics on Cycloidal Rotor Hover Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (5): 1340–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031461
- Benini, Alessandro, Francesco Ferracuti, Andrea Monteriu, and Stephan Radensleben. 2019. “Fault Detection of a VTOL UAV Using Acceleration Measurements.” In 2019 18th European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2019.8796198
- Benini, A., M. J. Rutherford, and K. P. Valavanis. 2016. “Real-Time, GPU-Based Pose Estimation of a UAV for Autonomous Takeoff and Landing.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487525
- Benyamen, Hady, and Shawn Keshmiri. 2022. “Flight Test Validation Verification of @AIR Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Dynamic Model.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836206
- Benzaid, Karima, Noura Mansouri, and Ouiddad Labbani-Igbida. 2016. “A Generalized Dynamical Model and Control Approach Applied to Multirotor Aerial Systems.” In 2016 8th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmic.2016.7804303
- Bernhard, Sebastian, and Jurgen Adamy. 2017. “Static Optimal Decoupling Control for Linear over-Actuated Systems Regarding Time-Varying References.” In 2017 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2017.7963091
- Berradi, Souad, Fouad Moutaouakkil, Soumia Bakkali, and Hicham Medromi. 2017. “Optimal and Efficient Vertical Take off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2017 International Renewable and Sustainable Energy Conference (IRSEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irsec.2017.8477252
- Beser, Jacques. 1979. “Approach Guidance Logic for a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance and Control 2 (6): 528–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55920
- Betancourt, J., P. Castillo, and R. Lozano. 2020. “Stabilization and Tracking Control Algorithms for VTOL Aircraft: Theoretical and Practical Overview.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 100 (3–4): 1249–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-020-01252-7
- Bevilaqua, Paul, Richard Margason, and Charles Gaharan. 2010. “Jet Entrainment Theory for Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Suckdown.” AIAA Journal 48 (2): 330–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.43258
- Beyers, Martin E. 1983. “A New Concept for Aircraft Dynamic Stability Testing.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (1): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44822
- Beyers, Martin E. 1992. “Unsteady Wind-Tunnel Interference in Aircraft Dynamic Experiments.” Journal of Aircraft 29 (6): 1122–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46294
- Beyers, Martin E. 1995. “Interpretation of Experimental High-Alpha Aerodynamics: Implications for Flight Prediction.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (2): 247–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46710
- Bezerra, Jose A., and Davi A. Santos. 2022. “Optimal Exact Control Allocation for under-Actuated Multirotor Aerial Vehicles.” IEEE Control Systems Letters 6: 1448–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3110490
- Bezzaoucha, Souad, Holger Voos, and Mohamed Darouach. 2017. “A Polytopic Observer Design Approach for Landing Control of a Quadrotor UAV.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 50 (1): 9753–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.2180
- Bhandari, Rajan, Aashutosh Aman Mishra, and Imon Chakraborty. 2024b. “Optimization of Lift-Plus-Cruise Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft with Electrified Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (2): 392–414. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037343
- Bhandari, Aabhash, Tuan D. Luong, and Jordan D. Larson. 2024a. “Design and Implementation of an Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion (INDI) Based Control Law for a Quad-Plane UAV.” In 2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10520997
- Bian, Qi, Brett Nener, and Xinmin Wang. 2019. “A Modified NSGA-II for Solving Control Allocation Optimization Problem in Lateral Flight Control System for Large Aircraft.” IEEE Access 7: 17696–17704. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2894961
- Biber, Kasim. 2011. “Estimating Propeller Slipstream Drag on Airplane Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 48 (6): 2172–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031458
- Biernacki, Marcin Piotr, and Rafał Lewkowicz. 2024. “The Role of Visual Conditions and Aircraft Type on Different Aspects of Pilot Workload.” Applied Ergonomics 118: 104268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2024.104268
- Bills, Alexander, Shashank Sripad, Leif Fredericks, et al. 2023. “A Battery Dataset for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Scientific Data 10 (1): 344. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-023-02180-5
- Binyamin, Dan, Dov Liudmirsky, Danniel Stoller, and Shabtay Bilu. 2026. “UAV Crosswind Tail Stabilizer.” In 2026 12th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit70676.2026.11630853
- Bise, M. E., and G. T. Black. n.d. “Is Agility Implicit in Flying Qualities?” In IEEE Conference on Aerospace and Electronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1990.112814
- Bisht, Anuj, Ruhul Amin, Marm Dixit, Nathan Wood, Chol-Bum M. Kweon, and Ilias Belharouak. 2024. “Impact of Cycling Conditions on Lithium-Ion Battery Performance for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Applications.” Journal of Power Sources 602: 234335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.234335
- Biwei Tang, Xiaoxing Fang, Zhihao Cai, and Yingxun Wang. 2011. “Reconfigurable Flight Control for UAV with Multiple Control Effectors Based on Neural Network and Dynamic Inversion.” In 2011 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Management Science and Electronic Commerce (AIMSEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aimsec.2011.6011238
- Blachut, Krzysztof, Hubert Szolc, Mateusz Wasala, Tomasz Kryjak, and Marek Gorgon. 2020. “A Vision Based Hardware-Software Real-Time Control System for the Autonomous Landing of an UAV.” In Computer Vision and Graphics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59006-2_2
- Black, G. T., and W. T. Thomas. n.d. “Flying Qualities Lessons Learned-1988.” In Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1989.40228
- Blas, L. A., J. Davila, S. Salazar, and M. Bonilla. 2022. “Robust Trajectory Tracking for an Uncertain UAV Based on Active Disturbance Rejection.” IEEE Control Systems Letters 6: 1466–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2021.3111837
- Boekfah, Arom. 2017. “Nonlinear Output-Transition Control for Nonminimum-Phase Systems: The VTOL Example.” In 2017 2nd International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccre.2017.7935050
- Boer, R. G. den, and A. M. Cunningham. 1990. “Low-Speed Unsteady Aerodynamics of a Pitching Straked Wing at High Incidence-Part I: Test Program.” Journal of Aircraft 27 (1): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56824
- Boggan, Cade, and Matthew A. Clarke. 2026. “Investigation of Lithium-Ion Battery Degradation in Electric Aircraft under Cycle-Progressive Loads.” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 12 (4): 6267–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2026.3681423
- Bolton, W. R., and D. J. Collins. 1975. “General Aviation Application of Separate Surface Stability Augmentation.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (10): 826–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59877
- Bondyra, Adam, Marek Kołodziejczak, Radosław Kulikowski, and Wojciech Giernacki. 2022. “An Acoustic Fault Detection and Isolation System for Multirotor UAV.” Energies 15 (11): 3955. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15113955
- Bortolussi, M. R., B. H. Kantowitz, and S. G. Hart. 1986. “Measuring Pilot Workload in a Motion Base Trainer.” Applied Ergonomics 17 (4): 278–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(86)90130-4
- Bose, Sagar, Rohan Verma, Kriti Garuda, Aditya Tripathi, and Shibu Clement. 2014. “Modeling, Analysis and Fabrication of a Thrust Vectoring Spherical VTOL Aerial Vehicle.” In 2014 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2014.6836212
- Boskovic, J. D., and R. K. Mehra. 2002. “Control Allocation in Overactuated Aircraft under Position and Rate Limiting.” In Proceedings of the 2002 American Control Conference (IEEE Cat. No.CH37301), vol. 1. American Automatic Control Council. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2002.1024911
- Bouadi, Hakim, and F. Mora-Camino. 2012. “Space-Based Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Aircraft Continuous Descent Approach.” In 2012 IEEE Conference on Evolving and Adaptive Intelligent Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/eais.2012.6232823
- Boudria, Yacine, Raymond Sepe, and Steven P. Bastien. 2024. “Trajectory and Binning Strategy with LQG/LTR Controller for Aircraft Arresting Gear System.” In 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10749395
- Bouzid, Y., H. Siguerdidjane, and Y. Bestaoui. 2017. “Nonlinear Internal Model Control Applied to VTOL Multi-Rotors UAV.” Mechatronics 47: 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2017.08.002
- Bouzid, Yasser, Houria Siguerdidjane, and Yasmina Bestaoui. 2018. “Generic Dynamic Modeling for Multirotor VTOL UAVs and Robust Sliding Mode Based Model-Free Control for 3D Navigation.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453293
- Bradley, R. G., C. W. Smith, and I. C. Bhateley. 1973. “Vortex-Lift Prediction for Complex Wing Planforms.” Journal of Aircraft 10 (6): 379–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44375
- Britcher, Victoria R., Inderjit Chopra, and Anubhav Datta. 2025. “Development of Three-Dimensional Feature-Based Vision Algorithm for Ship-Deck Landing.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (6): 1721–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038161
- Bromfield, Michael A., Thomas Milward, Samuel B. Everett, and Alex Stedmon. 2023. “Pilot Performance and Workload Whilst Using an Angle of Attack System.” Applied Ergonomics 113: 104101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2023.104101
- Brown, E. L., and J. N. Fisher. 1968. “Comparative Projections of Low-Disk-Loading VTOL Aircraft for Civil Applications.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (5): 436–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43963
- Brunelli, Matteo, Chiara Caterina Ditta, and Maria Nadia Postorino. 2023. “New Infrastructures for Urban Air Mobility Systems: A Systematic Review on Vertiport Location and Capacity.” Journal of Air Transport Management 112: 102460. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2023.102460
- Brzozowski, Bartosz, Przemyslaw Kordowski, Zdzislaw Rochala, and Konrad Wojtowicz. 2014. “Distance Measurement Technique in Hemispherical Area for Indoor Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2014 IEEE Metrology for Aerospace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace.2014.6865895
- Bu, Chaoyan, Yunfeng Ai, and Huajun Du. 2016. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Vehicular Electronics and Safety (ICVES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icves.2016.7548174
- Budd, Gerald D., Ronald L. Gilman, and David Eichstedt. 1995. “Operational and Research Aspects of a Radio-Controlled Model Flight Test Program.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (3): 583–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46759
- Buescher, Halle E., and Elyse D. Hill. 2025. “Hybrid Electric Aircraft with unlike Engine Degradation Using Model Predictive Control.” In 2025 IEEE/AIAA Transportation Electrification Conference and Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (ITEC+EATS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/itec63604.2025.11098031
- Buffington, J. M., and A. G. Sparks. 1998. “Comparison of Dynamic Inversion and LPV Tailless Flight Control Law Designs.” In Proceedings of the 1998 American Control Conference. ACC (IEEE Cat. No.98CH36207). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1998.703591
- Buffington, James M., Andrew G. Sparks, and Siva S. Banda. 1993. “Full Conventional Envelope Longitudinal Axis Flight Control with Thrust Vectoring.” In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4792886
- Buffington, James M., Andrew G. Sparks, and Siva S. Banda. 1994. “Robust Longitudinal Axis Flight Control for an Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring.” Automatica 30 (10): 1527–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(94)90093-0
- Buffum, R. S., and W. T. Robertson. 1967. “A Hover Augmentation System for Helicopters.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (4): 315–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43841
- Bukka, Giridhar Vitta, and Peter Stütz. 2024. “Evaluating Point-Cloud Based Safe Landing Zone Detection Algorithms for VTOL-UAV: An Overview.” In 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10748713
- Burlion, Laurent, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. 2020. “Aircraft Vision-Based Landing Using Robust Extended Command Governors.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 53 (2): 14716–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.12.1839
- Burnashev, Vitalii, and Aleksandr Zbrutsky. 2019. “Control Loops Synthesis of a Supersonic Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2019 IEEE 5th International Conference Actual Problems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Developments (APUAVD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/apuavd47061.2019.8943872
- Burton, Samantha, Tianyi He, and Weihua Su. 2023. “Trajectory Planning and LPV Model Predictive Control of Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc55779.2023.10155861
- Burton, Samantha, Tianyi He, and Weihua Su. 2024. “Physics-Data-Hybrid Modeling of Tilt-Rotor Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In 2024 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc60939.2024.10644934
- Byun, Woohyun, Soobin Huh, Hyeokjae Jang, et al. 2025. “Vector Field-Based Robust Quadrotor Landing on a Moving Ground Platform.” Aerospace 12 (7): 590. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12070590
- Cabecinhas, David, Rita Cunha, and Carlos Silvestre. 2013. “Experimental Validation of a Globally Stabilizing Feedback Controller for a Quadrotor Aircraft with Wind Disturbance Rejection.” In 2013 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579971
- Cabrera-Ponce, Aldrich A., and Jose Martinez-Carranza. 2017. “A Vision-Based Approach for Autonomous Landing.” In 2017 Workshop on Research, Education and Development of Unmanned Aerial Systems (RED-UAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/red-uas.2017.8101655
- Çabuk, Nihat. 2023. “Design and Experimental Validation of an Adaptive Landing Gear for Safe Landing on Uneven Grounds of VTOL UAVs in the Context of Lightweight and Fast Adaptations.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 48 (9): 12331–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-07731-x
- Cacciola, Stefano, and Andrea Calabria. 2026. “Nonlinear Simulation of Terminal Maneuvers Including Landing Gear Dynamics, Crosswind and Ground Effect.” Applied Sciences 16 (4): 1686. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16041686
- Cahill, Joan, Tiziana C. Callari, Florian Fortmann, et al. 2017. “Adaptive Automation and the Third Pilot: Managing Teamwork and Workload in an Airline Cockpit.” In Human Mental Workload: Models and Applications. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61061-0_10
- Cai, Zhengxiang, Dan Huang, and Shan Fu. 2014. “Empirical Study of Pilot Time Delay in Flight Control Systems and Its Safety Margin.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896033
- Cai, Junfeng, and Marco Lovera. 2026a. “Gain-Scheduled Passive Fault-Tolerant Control Design for Dual-System UAV Transition Flight.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 62: 571–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3622578
- Cai, Jinxu, Juanzhang Xie, Lanxin Zhang, Ziyi Wang, Xueshun Li, and Yongjun Zhao. 2026a. “EA-TD3: An Energy-Aware Autonomous Trajectory Planning Method for Unmanned Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Drones 10 (5): 325. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10050325
- ÇAkici, Ferit, and M. Kemal LeblebİCİOĞLu. 2016. “Control System Design of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Fixed-Wing UAV.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 49 (3): 267–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.045
- Calise, Anthony J., and Friedrich Kramer. 1982. “A Variable Structure Approach to Robust Control of VTOL Aircraft.” In 1982 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1982.4788017
- Calise, Anthony J., and Friedrich S. Kramer. 1984. “A Variable Structure Approach to Robust Control of VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 7 (5): 620–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.19904
- Campagna, Nicola, Vincenzo Castiglia, Alfonso Damiano, Luigi Pio Di Noia, Rosario Miceli, and Antonino Oscar Di Tommaso. 2021. “A Hybrid Energy Storage Sizing for a Vertical Take-off and Landing Electric Aircraft.” In IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589130
- Campbell, John P. 1960. “Vertical-Takeoff Aircraft.” Scientific American 203 (2): 41–49. https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0860-41
- Campbell, D. R., and B. Quinn. 1974. “Test Results of a VTOL Propulsion Concept Utilizing aTurbofan Powered Augmentor.” Journal of Aircraft 11 (8): 467–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60369
- Campos, Luís M. B. C., and Joaquim M. G. Marques. 2021. “On the Handling Qualities of Two Flying Wing Aircraft Configurations.” Aerospace 8 (3): 77. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030077
- Cao, Mingzhi, Kun Liu, Chunqiang Wang, Jingbo Wei, and Zijie Qin. 2023. “Research on the Distributed Propeller Slipstream Effect of UAV Wing Based on the Actuator Disk Method.” Drones 7 (9): 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7090566
- Cao, Su, Lincheng Shen, Renshan Zhang, Huangchao Yu, and Xiangke Wang. 2019. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control Based on Neural Network for UAV Maneuver.” In 2019 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim.2019.8868510
- Cao, Yihua, Gaozhan Wang, and Chongwen Jiang. 2021b. “Study on Influencing Factors of Helicopter Brownout Evolution Based on CFD-DEM.” Applied Sciences 12 (1): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010126
- Cao, Qianqian, Hai Yu, Yongchun Fang, and Xiao Liang. 2021a. “A Novel Framework for Autonomous Landing of the Quadrotor on the Moving Platform by Onboard Vision Sensors.” In 2021 3rd International Conference on Industrial Artificial Intelligence (IAI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iai53119.2021.9619430
- Cao, Fangfei, Zhao Zhang, and Xiao He. 2022a. “Active Fault Isolation of over-Actuated Systems Based on a Control Allocation Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement: 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2022.3173612
- Caprace, Denis-Gabriel, Ethan Baker, Patricia Ventura Diaz, and Seokkwan Yoon. 2025. “Planetary Helicopter Brownout Simulation of Ingenuity Using a Eulerian Dust Transport Model.” AIAA Journal 63 (10): 4393–4408. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j065017
- Caprace, Denis-Gabriel, Andrew Ning, Philippe Chatelain, and Grégoire Winckelmans. 2022. “Effects of Rotor-Airframe Interaction on the Aeromechanics and Wake of a Quadcopter in Forward Flight.” Aerospace Science and Technology 130: 107899. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107899
- Car, Marko, Antun Ivanovic, Matko Orsag, and Stjepan Bogdan. 2018. “Position-Based Adaptive Impedance Control for a UAV.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453397
- Carangui, Cristian, Paul Delgado, Marco Carpio, and Diego Paul Chacon-Troya. 2016. “Experimental Identification of the Transfer Function Model of a Scale VTOL System by PRBS Signals under Ground Effect.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Automatica (ICA-ACCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2016.7778464
- Caraux, D., and J. C. Wanner. 1980. “Pilot Workload in the Aircraft of the Future.” Applied Ergonomics 11 (1): 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(80)90132-5
- Carnes, Jared A., and James G. Coder. 2022. “Effect of Crossflow Transition on the Pressure-Sensitive-Paint Rotor in Hover.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (1): 29–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036121
- Carr, John E. 1986. “Blended Blown Flaps and Vectored Thrust for Low-Speed Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (1): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45262
- Cäsar, Jonas, Michael Shamiyeh, Daniel Weintraub, and Peter Jeschke. 2025. “Integrated Preliminary Design of Fuel Cell Propulsion Systems for Vertical Take-off Aircraft.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 17 (2): 663–76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-025-00873-8
- Casau, P., D. Cabecinhas, and C. Silvestre. 2011a. “Autonomous Transition Flight for a Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160819
- Casau, P., D. Cabecinhas, and C. Silvestre. 2011b. “Transition Control for a Fixed-Wing Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44 (1): 7250–55. https://doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02711
- Casau, P., D. Cabecinhas, and C. Silvestre. 2012. “Almost Global Stabilization of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft in Hovered Flight.” In 2012 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6314923
- Casau, Pedro, Christopher G. Mayhew, Ricardo G. Sanfelice, and Carlos Silvestre. 2016. “Exponential Stabilization of a Vectored-Thrust Vehicle Using Synergistic Potential Functions.” In 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7526618
- Castañeda, Herman, and J. L. Gordillo. 2019. “Embedded Flight Control Based on Adaptive Sliding Mode Strategy for a Quadrotor Micro Air Vehicle.” Electronics 8 (7): 793. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070793
- Caverly, Ryan James, Anouck R. Girard, Ilya V. Kolmanovsky, and James Richard Forbes. 2016. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion of a Flexible Aircraft.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 49 (17): 338–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.09.058
- Cengiz, Said Kemal, and Levent Ucun. 2022. “Optimal Controller Design for Autonomous Quadrotor Landing on Moving Platform.” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 119: 102565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2022.102565
- Ceolato, Romain, Nina Diakonova, Jerome Meilhan, and Wojciech Knap. 2017. “Determination of the Sub-Terahertz Attenuation of Brownout Clouds Generated by Rotorcraft.” In 2017 42nd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2017.8066957
- Çetin, Cenk, Erdoğan Güneş, Göktuğ Koçak, and Mehmet Metin Yavuz. 2026. “Parametric Study of Square-Wave Leading-Edge Blowing on a Non-Slender Delta Wing.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112170
- Cetinkaya, Burhan, and Ibrahim Ozkol. 2017. “Evaluation of Critical Parameters in the Design of a Trainer Aircraft Landing Gear.” In 2017 8th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae.2017.8038678
- Cetinsoy, Ertugrul. 2015. “Design and Control of a Gas-Electric Hybrid Quad Tilt-Rotor UAV with Morphing Wing.” In 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2015.7152278
- Chae, Munhyun, Sang Hyun Kim, Sang Ho Kim, Migyoung Kim, and Hee-Tae Park. 2023. “Vertiport Locations Optimization in Discrete Search Space.” In 2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc58513.2023.10311132
- Chakraborty, Imon, Anthony Comer, Rajan Bhandari, et al. 2024. “Piloted Simulation-Based Assessment of Simplified Vehicle Operations for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 21 (5): 392–421. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011249
- Chakraborty, Imon, and Aashutosh Aman Mishra. 2023a. “Sizing and Analysis of a Lift-Plus-Cruise Aircraft with Electrified Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (3): 747–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037044
- Chakraborty, Imon, and Aashutosh Aman Mishra. 2023b. “Sizing of Tilt-Wing Aircraft with All-Electric and Hybrid-Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (1): 245–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036813
- Chamberlain, Brent, Ames Ekbatan, Katelynn Hall, and Keunhyun Park. 2026. “A Spatial Planning Framework for Vertiport Siting for Urban Air Mobility Systems.” Cities 176: 107255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cities.2026.107255
- Chamitoff, G. E. 1994. “Autonomous Guidance for the Recovery and Landing of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27 (13): 339–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)45823-x
- Chandra, K. Ravi, and Satadal Ghosh. 2019. “Hu-Moment-Based Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Hemispherical Dome.” In 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2019.8797936
- Chandra Sekar, T., A. Kushari, B. Mody, and B. Uthup. 2017. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Using Transverse Jet Injection in a Converging Nozzle with Aft-Deck.” Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science 86: 189–203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2017.04.017
- Chang, Jing, Zongyi Guo, Roeland De Breuker, and Xuerui Wang. 2022b. “Predictor-Based Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Fault-Tolerant Flight Control.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (6): 730–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.07.214
- Chang, Xiaowen, Chao Jin, and Yun Cheng. 2024. “Dynamics and Advanced Active Disturbance Rejection Control of Tethered UAV.” Applied Mathematical Modelling 135: 640–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2024.07.011
- Chang, Ching-Wei, Li-Yu Lo, Hiu Ching Cheung, et al. 2022c. “Proactive Guidance for Accurate UAV Landing on a Dynamic Platform: A Visual–Inertial Approach.” Sensors 22 (1): 404. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22010404
- Chang, Min, Zhongyuan Zheng, Xiaoxuan Meng, Junqiang Bai, and Bo Wang. 2022a. “Aerodynamic Analysis of a Low-Speed Tandem-Channel Wing for eVTOL Aircraft Considering Propeller–Wing Interaction.” Energies 15 (22): 8616. https://doi.org/10.3390/en15228616
- Charla, Sesha, Bin Yao, and Richard M. Voyles. 2024. “Identification of Multirotor Actuator Dynamics with RPM Feedback for Improved Control.” In 2024 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc60939.2024.10644220
- Chase, Wendell D. 1997. “Effect of Display Color on Pilot Performance and Describing Functions.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (4). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990054412
- Chati, Yashovardhan S., Prasad Devkar, Yamini Sharma, Kirti Nikam, and Arunchandar Vasan. 2026. “VERTIM: A Framework for Vertiport Placement for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Air Transportation: 1–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0586
- Chatzikalymnios, Evangelos, and Konstantinos Moustakas. 2021. “Autonomous Vision-Based Landing of UAV’s on Unstructured Terrains.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Systems (ICAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icas49788.2021.9551180
- Chauhan, Shamsheer S., and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. 2020b. “Tilt-Wing eVTOL Takeoff Trajectory Optimization.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (1): 93–112. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035476
- Chauhan, Shamsheer S., and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. 2021. “RANS-Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Wing Considering Propeller–Wing Interaction.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (3): 497–513. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035991
- Cheatham, Patrick L., Steven H. Walker, and Marvin C. Gridley. 1991. “Computation of Vectoring Nozzle Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 28 (11): 768–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46094
- Chebbi, Jawhar, and Yves Briere. 2022. “Robust Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Systems with Internal Uncertainties: Multirotor UAV Application.” Journal of Field Robotics 39 (4): 426–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22058
- Chen, Guofeng. 2018. “Cooperative Landing Control of Vertical Take off and Landing Aircrafts on Oscillating Platform.” In 2018 15th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2018.8581377
- Chen, Hao. 2019. “Numerical Calculations on the Unsteady Aerodynamic Force of the Tilt-Rotor Aircraft in Conversion Mode.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2019: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2147068
- Chen, Guangqiang, Bingyan Chen, Pengfei Li, Peng Bai, and Chuqun Ji. 2015b. “Numerical Simulation Study on Propeller Slipstream Interference of High Altitude Long Endurance Unmanned Air Vehicle.” Procedia Engineering 99: 361–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.548
- Chen, L., D. P. Duan, and D. S. Sun. 2016a. “Design of a Multi-Vectored Thrust Aerostat with a Reconfigurable Control System.” Aerospace Science and Technology 53: 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2016.03.011
- Chen, Guanjun, and Wei Huo. 2019. “Stabilizing a VTOL Aircraft Based on Controlled Lagrangian Method.” In 2019 IEEE 58th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc40024.2019.9029631
- Chen, Zaibin, and Hongguang Jia. 2020. “Design of Flight Control System for a Novel Tilt-Rotor UAV.” Complexity 2020: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4757381
- Chen, Nan, Fanze Kong, Haotian Li, et al. 2023a. “Swashplateless-Elevon Actuation for a Dual-Rotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In 2023 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros55552.2023.10341861
- Chen, Fangping, Pengfei Li, Hainuo Chen, et al. 2026a. “Attitude Control of over-Actuated Fixed-Wing Aircraft Based on Predefined Time Control.” Aerospace 13 (3): 221. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13030221
- Chen, Lulu, Zhenbao Liu, Qingqing Dang, and Wen Zhao. 2024a. “Novel Unified Control Strategy for a Compound VTOL Vehicle.” In 2024 24th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas63016.2024.10773267
- Chen, Lulu, Zhenbao Liu, Honggang Gao, and Guodong Wang. 2022b. “Robust Adaptive Recursive Sliding Mode Attitude Control for a Quadrotor with Unknown Disturbances.” ISA Transactions 122: 114–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2021.04.046
- Chen, Lingpeng, Chongfeng Liu, Shuqi Guo, and Huihuan Qian. 2023b. “Vision-Guided UAV Landing on a Swaying Ocean Platform in Simulation.” In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Real-time Computing and Robotics (RCAR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rcar58764.2023.10249476
- Chen, Ziyi, Duoneng Liu, Zhongxi Hou, and Suqi Chen. 2025c. “Mission-Oriented Propulsion System Configuration and Whole Aircraft Redundancy Safety Performance for Distributed Electric Propulsion UAVs.” Drones 9 (9): 662. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9090662
- Chen, Feng, Hailong Pei, and Zihuan Cheng. 2021. “Study on High-Speed-to-Hovering Back-Transition Control of Ducted Fan UAV.” In 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc52312.2021.9601683
- Chen, Ying, and Néstor O. Pérez-Arancibia. 2024. “Adaptive Control of a VTOL Uncrewed Aerial Vehicle for High-Performance Aerobatic Flight.” Automatica 159: 109922. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2021.109922
- Chen, Xudong, Swee King Phang, Mo Shan, and Ben M. Chen. 2016c. “System Integration of a Vision-Guided UAV for Autonomous Landing on Moving Platform.” In 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2016.7505370
- Chen, Zhirun, Chaoyi Sun, Fei Cen, Bowen Nie, and Qing Li. 2019a. “Disturbance Observer Based Dynamic Inversion Control for a Wind Tunnel Free-Flying Test of a Blended-Wing-Body Aircraft.” In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8996867
- Chen, Yun Ting, Joshua Taylor, Nursultan Imanberdiyev, and Efe Camci. 2025d. “Simulation of a Tilt-Rotor Uav with a Cable-Driven Gripper for High-Precision Physical Interaction.” In 2025 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas65942.2025.11007871
- Chen, Zhaolin, and Fan Yang. 2022. “Propeller Slipstream Effect on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Micro Air Vehicle at Low Reynolds Number.” Applied Sciences 12 (8): 4092. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084092
- Chen, Xue, Xuanyu Yao, Yunkun Man, Yaolong Liu, and Yao Zheng. 2026d. “Electric VTOL Design Exploration and Configurations Comparison for Urban Air Mobility.” Aerospace Research Communications 4: 16513. https://doi.org/10.3389/arc.2026.16513
- Chen, Bo, Yongweijian Yu, and Li Ding. 2025a. “Correlation Analysis of Physiological Parameters of Pilot Mental Workload Based on Flight Simulation.” Biomedical Signal Processing and Control 109: 108024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bspc.2025.108024
- Chen, H. B., and S. G. Zhang. 2008. “Robust Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Law Design.” In 2008 2nd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isscaa.2008.4776382
- Chen, Jun, Qilin Zhang, and Bo Hou. 2017. “An Assessment Method of Pilot Workload in Manned/unmanned-Aerial-Vehicles Team.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcc.2017.8242499
- Chen, Xin, Aoqi Zhu, Chi Ma, et al. 2026e. “Jet Oscillation Characteristics in a Three-Dimensional Axisymmetric Dual-Throat Thrust Vector Nozzle.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112196
- Cheng, Zeyu, Zhi Cao, John T. Hwang, and Chris Mi. 2025c. “Weight Minimization of Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft: From the Comprehensive Powertrain Perspective.” International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 172: 111328. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijepes.2025.111328
- Cheng, Zeyu, Zhi Cao, Chris Mi, and John T. Hwang. 2025b. “Cost Optimization of Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft through Powertrain Modeling.” Journal of Air Transportation 33 (3): 285–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.d0487
- Cheng, Chin-Yi, Shyang-Jye Chang, Chen-En Shi, and Ilham Saputra. 2026a. “Development of an Adaptive Six-Axis Motion Platform for UAV Takeoff and Landing with Vision-Based Control.” In 2026 10th International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icras70064.2026.11717882
- Cheng, Zihuan, and Hailong Pei. 2020. “Hover-to-Cruise Transition Control for High-Speed Level Flight of Ducted Fan UAV.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9214014
- Cheng, Zihuan, and Hailong Pei. 2021. “Flight Transition Control for Ducted Fan UAV with Saturation on Control Surfaces.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476758
- Cheng, Zihuan, and Hailong Pei. 2023. “A Corridor-Based Flight Mode Transition Strategy for Agile Ducted-Fan Tail-Sitter UAV: Altitude-Hold Transition.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (9): 330–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.05.015
- Cheng, Zihuan, and Hailong Pei. 2024. “Time Optimal Altitude-Hold Flight Mode Transition Strategy for a Class of Ducted Fan Tail Sitter UAV.” Aerospace 11 (8): 654. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080654
- Cheng, Zixiao, Hailong Pei, and Kai Fang. 2024. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for a Dual-Ducted-Fan UAV Attitude Control under In-Ground-Effect.” In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Automatic Control (IRAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irac63143.2024.10871469
- Cheng, Zihuan, Hailong Pei, and Shuai Li. 2020b. “Neural-Networks Control for Hover to High-Speed-Level-Flight Transition of Ducted Fan UAV with Provable Stability.” IEEE Access 8: 100135–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2997877
- Cheng, Nana, and Chaoli Wang. 2023. “A Switching Mode Control Scheme for the Hovering Control of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Mathematics 11 (4): 994. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11040994
- Cheng, Xiang, Ziquan Yu, Hao Yang, and Xiaozhi Liu. 2025a. “Adaptive Disturbance Observer-Based Fractional-Order Fault-Tolerant Control of X-Tail UAV with Control Surface Dynamics.” In 2025 8th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Control Engineering (IRCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irce66030.2025.11203095
- Cheng, Zhiqiang, Jihong Zhu, Xiaming Yuan, and Xiangyang Wang. 2020a. “Design of Optimal Trajectory Transition Controller for Thrust-Vectored V/STOL Aircraft.” Science China Information Sciences 64 (3): 139201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-018-9582-6
- Chester, D. H. 1995. “Comment on ‘Aircraft Landing Gear Positioning Concerning Abnormal Landing Cases’.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (4): 904–904. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46816
- Chi, Jiacheng, Yujie Wang, Hongbo Xin, Qingyang Chen, Peng Wang, and Zhongxi Hou. 2022a. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamics Inversion for Attitude Control of High-Lift Hybrid Mode UAV Transition Process.” In 2022 International Conference on Industrial Automation, Robotics and Control Engineering (IARCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iarce57187.2022.00018
- Chiang, Min-Hsien, Gong-Yi Lee, and Jyi-Shane Liu. 2025. “Robustness Enhancement on Visually Guided UAV Autonomous Landing.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Visual and Signal-Based Systems (AVSS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/avss65446.2025.11149962
- Chiappinelli, Romain, Mitchell Cohen, Martin Doff-Sotta, Meyer Nahon, James R. Forbes, and Jacob Apkarian. 2019. “Modeling and Control of a Passively-Coupled Tilt-Rotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2019.8793606
- Chiappinelli, Romain, and Meyer Nahon. 2018. “Modeling and Control of a Tailsitter UAV.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453301
- Chiaramonte, J. Y., D. Favier, C. Maresca, and S. Benneceur. 1996. “Aerodynamic Interaction Study of the Propeller/wing under Different Flow Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft 33 (1): 46–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46901
- Chickmagalur, Krutharth Mohan, Mohammed Yaseen Lohar, Kiran Eashwar, Anushka Keshri, and T. S. Chandar. 2026. “Autonomous UAV Landing on a Moving Platform via Bias-Corrected Vision–Odometry Fusion.” In 2026 7th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Robotics, and Control (AIRC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/airc69745.2026.11631454
- Chipade, Vishnu S., Abhishek, Mangal Kothari, and Rushikesh R. Chaudhari. 2018. “Systematic Design Methodology for Development and Flight Testing of a Variable Pitch Quadrotor Biplane VTOL UAV for Payload Delivery.” Mechatronics 55: 94–114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mechatronics.2018.08.008
- Cho, Jinsoo, and Jaeheon Cho. 1999. “Quasi-Steady Aerodynamic Analysis of Propeller-Wing Interaction.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 30 (8): 1027–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0363(19990830)30:8<1027::aid-fld878>3.0.co;2-r
- Cho, Jinsoo, and Marc H. Williams. 1990. “Propeller-Wing Interaction Using a Frequency Domain Panel Method.” Journal of Aircraft 27 (3): 196–203. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45919
- Choi, Joonwon, Sooyung Byeon, and Inseok Hwang. 2022a. “State Prediction of Human-in-the-Loop Multi-Rotor System with Stochastic Human Behavior Model.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (41): 119–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.01.113
- Choi, HaRyun, Byron YooHo Chang, Yeongmin Jo, and SangJoon Shin. 2026a. “Rotor Sizing Effects on a Tiltwing Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038503
- Choi, Jimin, Jeonghun Lee, Euihyeon Choi, and Jaemyung Ahn. 2026b. “Sequential Vertiport Location Optimization Considering Uncertain Social Benefit.” Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 23 (8): 737–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011634
- Choi, Young Jae, Seong-Yong Wie, and Sanghyun Chae. 2022b. “A Study on Hover Performance of Ducted Fans for an Unmanned VTOL Aircraft.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/4045778
- Chowhan, Kishan Singh, Hemendra Arya, and Girish S. Deodhare. 2019. “Technical Measures Perspectives in Selection of Handling Qualities Criteria for Flight Control Design.” INCOSE International Symposium 29 (S1): 429–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2334-5837.2019.00697.x
- Chu, Po-Hsun, Yu Ting Huang, Chen-Huan Pi, and Stone Cheng. 2022. “Autonomous Landing System of a VTOL UAV on an Upward Docking Station Using Visual Servoing.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (27): 108–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.496
- ChunSheng Liu, Xinzhong Zhu, and Bin Jiang. 2012. “Fault Tolerant Control Based on Adaptive Control Allocation with a Multiple Effectors Aircraft Application.” In 2012 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2012.6314694
- Chunzhi, Li, Yang Jianying, and Liu Yifan. 2015. “The Robust Roll Control Using Only Synthetic Jet Actuators in High-Angle-of-Attack Flight.” In 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2015.7260078
- Ciann-Dong Yang and Wen-Hsiung Liu. 2003. “Nonlinear H/sup ∞/ Decoupling Hover Control of Helicopter with Parameter Uncertainties.” In Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003., vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2003.1244066
- Clark, John W. 1982. “Recent Developments in Navy V/STOL Flying Qualities Criteria.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (2): 132–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57365
- Cliff, Eugene M., Henry J. Kelley, and Leon Lefton. 1982. “Thrust-Vectored Energy Turns.” Automatica 18 (5): 559–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(82)90005-x
- Cocetti, Matteo, Andrea Serrani, and Luca Zaccarian. 2016. “Dynamic Input Allocation for Uncertain Linear over-Actuated Systems.” In 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525360
- Coen, Peter G., and Willard E. Foss. 1986. “Computer Sizing of Fighter Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (5): 353–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45312
- Cohen, M. J. 1976. “Aerodynamics of Sideslipping Delta Wings at Incidence with Leading-Edge Separation.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (12): 1020–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44568
- Cole, Julia A., Lauren Rajauski, Andrew Loughran, Alexander Karpowicz, and Stefanie Salinger. 2021. “Configuration Study of Electric Helicopters for Urban Air Mobility.” Aerospace 8 (2): 54. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8020054
- Combey, Kangni, Omer A. Elsayed, Khaoula Qaissi, Hajar Chouiyakh, and Faqir Mustapha. 2026. “Numerical Analysis of Multirotor Aerodynamic Interactions in Forward and Transition Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (3): 959–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038518
- Comer, Anthony, Imon Chakraborty, Stefanus Harris Putra, Rajan Bhandari, Bikash Kunwar, and Benjamin Davis. 2026c. “Flight Testing a Trajectory Control System on a Subscale Transitioning VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 49 (2): 459–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g009060
- Comunian, Paolo, Jacopo Serpieri, and Gioacchino Cafiero. 2026. “A Numerical Framework for Multiparametric Optimization of Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (5): 2089–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038541
- Conrad, Christopher, Yan Xu, Deepak Panda, and Antonios Tsourdos. 2024. “Simulating Enhanced Vertiport Management in a Multimodal Transportation Ecosystem.” In 2024 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero58975.2024.10521373
- Consolini, Luca, and Mario Tosques. 2006. “A Poincaré Map Approach for the Exact Tracking of a Nonlinear Non-Minimum Phase System: The VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.377775
- Conyers, Stephen A., Nikolaos I. Vitzilaios, Matthew J. Rutherford, and Kimon P. Valavanis. 2015. “A Mobile Self-Leveling Landing Platform for VTOL UAVs.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2015.7139272
- Cook, Jacob, and John Hauser. 2018. “Transition to Hover for a Flying Wing with Electric Propulsion.” In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8431242
- Corliss, Lloyd, Richard K. Greif, and Ronald M. Gerdes. 1978. “Comparison of Ground-Based and in-Flight Simulation of VTOL Hover Control Concepts.” Journal of Guidance and Control 1 (3): 217–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55766
- Cornish, Joseph J. 1965. “Some Aerodynamic and Operational Problems of Stol Aircraft with Boundary-Layer Control.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (2): 78–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43622
- Corwin, William H. 1992. “In-Flight and Postflight Assessment of Pilot Workload in Commercial Transport Aircraft Using the Subjective Workload Assessment Technique.” International Journal of Aviation Psychology 2 (2): 77–93. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327108ijap0202_1
- Costandin, Marius, Beniamin Costandin, and Petru Dobra. 2018. “Nonlinear Model and Trajectory Control of a Novel VTOL Vehicle II.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453369
- Costandin, Beniamin, Marius Costandin, and Petru Dobra. 2021. “A Novel Passively Coupled VTOL Aircraft for Arbitrary Flying Attitude.” Mechanics Based Design of Structures and Machines 51 (10): 5767–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/15397734.2021.2011745
- Craig, Samuel J., and Robert K. Heffley. 1973. “Factors Governing Control in a STOL Landing Approach.” Journal of Aircraft 10 (8): 495–502. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60252
- Critchfield, Tyler, and Andrew Ning. 2026. “Mission-Focused Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Tilt-Rotor eVTOL Propulsion System.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (4): 1563–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038445
- Crossley, William A., and John W. Rutherford. 1995. “Sizing Methodology for Reaction-Driven, Stopped-Rotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing Concepts.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (6): 1367–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46887
- Cruz, Ulices Santa, and Yasser Shoukry. 2023. “Certified Vision-Based State Estimation for Autonomous Landing Systems Using Reachability Analysis.” In 2023 62nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc49753.2023.10384107
- Cui, Guo-Peng, Li-Hao Feng, and Wei-Jun Wang. 2019. “Aerodynamic Characteristic of Deflected Slipstream Aimed at Vertical Takeoff and Landing.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (4): 1418–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035047
- Cui, Xiaoxi, Maoqiao Guan, Haiming Xin, Xieyu Xu, Xiaohe Chen, and Zhichao Yao. 2025. “Design of Aircraft Roll Autopilot Based on Model Predictive Control.” In 2025 37th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc65474.2025.11091232
- Cui, Tianxiao, Chen Guo, Yi Liu, and Zeyu Tian. 2021b. “Precise Landing Control of UAV Based on Binocular Visual SLAM.” In 2021 4th International Conference on Intelligent Autonomous Systems (ICoIAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icoias53694.2021.00062
- Cui, Qiangqiang, Min Liu, Xiaoyin Huang, and Ming Gao. 2023a. “Coarse-to-Fine Visual Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Landing on a Moving Platform.” Biomimetic Intelligence and Robotics 3 (1): 100088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.birob.2023.100088
- Cui, XiangYu, Bing Xu, and FeiYu Song. 2023b. “Design and Strategy Research of UAV Dynamic Take-Off and Landing Platform Based on Inertial Stability Control Platform.” In 2023 6th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Control Engineering (IRCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irce59430.2023.10255040
- Cui, Lei, Zhiqiang Zuo, and Ying Yang. 2021a. “A Control-Theoretic Study on Iterative Solution to Control Allocation for over-Actuated Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems 51 (6): 3429–39. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.2019.2924357
- Cunningham, W. H., and J. F. Boytos. 1983. “Compact Installation for Testing Vectored-Thrust Engines.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (3): 229–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44857
- Curtiss, H. C. 1970. “Dynamic Stability of V/STOL Aircraft at Low Speeds.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (1): 72–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44124
- Curtiss, H. C. 1971. “Comment on ‘Minimum Control Power for VTOL Aircraft Stability Augmentation’.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (4): 0288a-0288a. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59098
- Curtiss, H. C., and V. Sumantran. 1985. “Stability and Control of VTOL Capable Airships in Hovering Flight.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 8 (6): 753–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20051
- Cusati, Vincenzo, Salvatore Corcione, Fabrizio Nicolosi, and Qinyin Zhang. 2023. “Improvement of Take-Off Performance for an Electric Commuter Aircraft Due to Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Aerospace 10 (3): 276. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030276
- Czyba, Roman, and Grzegorz Kronhof. 2020. “Motion Equations and Longitudinal Control of a Convertible VTOL Aircraft.” In 2020 7th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit49905.2020.9263980
- Dagal, Idriss, and Bilal Erol. 2025. “Robust Trajectory Maneuvering of VTOL Aircraft Using Higher-Order Sliding Mode Control (HOSMC).” Scientific Reports 15 (1): 41855. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-25903-7
- Dagur, Rishabh, Daksh Singh, Shivam Bhateja, and Vikas Rastogi. 2020. “Mechanical and Material Designing of Lightweight High Endurance Multirotor System.” Materials Today: Proceedings 21: 1624–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2019.11.251
- Dalamagkidis, K. 2006. “A Mobile Landing Platform for Miniature Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles.” In 2006 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2006.236965
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, Mangal Kothari, and Stepan Ozana. 2021. “Disturbance Observer-Based Backstepping Control of Tail-Sitter UAVs.” Actuators 10 (6): 119. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10060119
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and S. M. Muyeen. 2022b. “Observer Based Rotor Failure Compensation for Biplane Quadrotor with Slung Load.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 13 (6): 101748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101748
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2022c. “Rotor Failure Compensation in a Biplane Quadrotor Based on Virtual Deflection.” Drones 6 (7): 176. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6070176
- Danjun, Li, Zhou Yan, Shi Zongying, and Lu Geng. 2015. “Autonomous Landing of Quadrotor Based on Ground Effect Modelling.” In 2015 34th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2015.7260521
- Daquan, Tang, and Zhang Hongyue. 2007. “Vision Based Navigation Algorithm for Autonomic Landing of UAV without Heading & Attitude Sensors.” In 2007 Third International IEEE Conference on Signal-Image Technologies and Internet-Based System. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sitis.2007.91
- Darvishpoor, Shahin, Jafar Roshanian, and Morteza Tayefi. 2020. “A Novel Concept of VTOL Bi-Rotor UAV Based on Moving Mass Control.” Aerospace Science and Technology 107: 106238. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106238
- Datta, S., U. S. Patkar, and S. Majumder. 2009. “Digital Controller for Attitude Control of a Rotary-Winged Flying Robot in Hover.” In 2009 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2009.5214727
- Datta, Sarbari, Umesh S. Patkar, and Somajyoti Majumder. 2011. “Robust Feedback Control for Attitude Stabilization of a Rotary-Winged Flying Robot in Hover.” In 2011 Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2011.5747520
- Datta, Sarbari, Umesh S. Patkar, and Somajyoti Majumder. 2013. “Attitude Controller for Steady Hover of a Rotary-Wing Flying Robot.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 75 (3–4): 609–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-013-9862-2
- de Castro, Ricardo, and Jonathan Brembeck. 2019. “Lyapunov-Based Control Allocation for over-Actuated Nonlinear Systems.” In 2019 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2019.8814326
- De Divitiis, Nicola. 2003. “Wind Estimation on a Lightweight Vertical-Takeoff-and-Landing Uninhabited Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 40 (4): 759–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3155
- De Giorgi, Maria Grazia, Teresa Donateo, Antonio Ficarella, Donato Fontanarosa, Anna Eva Morabito, and Luca Scalinci. 2017. “Numerical Investigation of the Performance of Contra-Rotating Propellers for a Remotely Piloted Aerial Vehicle.” Energy Procedia 126: 1011–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.08.273
- De Lucena, Alysson Nascimento, Bruno Marques Ferreira Da Silva, and Luiz Marcos Garcia Goncalves. 2022. “Double Hybrid Tailsitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Vertical Takeoff and Landing.” IEEE Access 10: 32938–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3161490
- De Lucena, Alysson Nascimento, Neusa Maria Franco De Oliveira, Fernando Cesar Yukio Cursino Sato, and Luiz Marcos Garcia Gonçalves. 2025. “Towards a Rapidly Manufactured VTOL Hybrid UAV.” In 2025 Brazilian Conference on Robotics (CROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cros66186.2025.11066148
- de Madrid, A. Pérez, P. Ruipérez, M. Romero, C. Mañoso, and R. Hernández. 2007. “Computer Aided Development and Simulation of a Remote Control VTOL Tiltwing Model Aircraft.” In Computer Aided Systems Theory – EUROCAST 2007. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75867-9_9
- de Paula, Luís G. L., Jose M. Castiblanco Quintero, Hyo-Sang Shin, and Antonios Tsourdos. 2026. “Visual Servoing Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Shipboard Rotorcraft Landing in High Sea States.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 49 (6): 1617–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g009512
- de Plinval, Henry, Pascal Morin, Philippe Mouyon, and Tarek Hamel. 2013. “Visual Servoing for Underactuated VTOL UAVs: A Linear, Homography-Based Framework: HOMOGRAPHY-BASED VISUAL SERVOING FOR UNDERACTUATED VTOL UAVS.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 24 (16): 2285–2308. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.2987
- De Ponti, T. M. L., E. J. J. Smeur, and B. W. D. Remes. 2023. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller for a Variable Skew Quad Plane.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10156289
- de Vries, Reynard, Malcom Brown, and Roelof Vos. 2019b. “Preliminary Sizing Method for Hybrid-Electric Distributed-Propulsion Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (6): 2172–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035388
- de Vries, Reynard, Maurice F. M. Hoogreef, and Roelof Vos. 2020. “Range Equation for Hybrid-Electric Aircraft with Constant Power Split.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (3): 552–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035734
- de Vries, Reynard, and Roelof Vos. 2023. “Aerodynamic Performance Benefits of over-the-Wing Distributed Propulsion for Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (4): 1201–18. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036909
- De Wagter, Christophe, Rick Ruijsink, Ewoud J. J. Smeur, et al. 2018. “Design, Control, and Visual Navigation of the DelftaCopter VTOL Tail-Sitter UAV.” Journal of Field Robotics 35 (6): 937–60. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21789
- De Young, John. 1965. “Propeller at High Incidence.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (3): 241–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43646
- Deckert, Wallace H., and David H. Hickey. 1970. “Summary and Analysis of Feasibility-Study Designs of V/STOL Transport Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (1): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44123
- Deghat, Mohammad, and Evangelia Lampiri. 2017. “Sensor Anomaly Detection and Recovery in the Roll Dynamics of a Delta-Wing Aircraft via Monte Carlo and Maximum Likelihood Methods.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 50 (1): 12791–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1836
- Deghat, Mohammad, Evangelia Lampiri, and Adrian N. Bishop. 2016. “Sensor Fault Detection for the Roll Dynamic Model of a Generic Delta-Wing Aircraft.” In 2016 Australian Control Conference (AuCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aucc.2016.7868209
- Delansnay, Gilles, Alain Vande Wouwer, Hendra G. Harno, and Yoonsoo Kim. 2021. “Zonotopic Reachability Analysis of Multirotor Aircraft.” In 2021 25th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icstcc52150.2021.9607056
- Demitrit, Y., S. Verling, T. Stastny, A. Melzer, and R. Siegwart. 2017. “Model-Based Wind Estimation for a Hovering VTOL Tailsitter UAV.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989455
- Dempster, John B., and James I. Arnold. 1969. “Flight Test Evaluation of an Advanced Stability Augmentation System for B-52 Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (4): 343–48. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44062
- Deng, Zhao, Fuqiang Bing, Zhiming Guo, and Liaoni Wu. 2021. “Rope-Hook Recovery Controller Designed for a Flying-Wing UAV.” Aerospace 8 (12): 384. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120384
- Deng, Xiongfeng, Yiqing Huang, Binzi Xu, and Liang Tao. 2023b. “Position and Attitude Finite-Time Tracking Control of a VTOL Aircraft Using Adaptive Global Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control.” In 2023 IEEE 16th International Conference on Electronic Measurement & Instruments (ICEMI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icemi59194.2023.10270419
- Deng, Xiongfeng, Yiqing Huang, Binzi Xu, and Liang Tao. 2023c. “Position and Attitude Tracking Finite-Time Adaptive Control for a VTOL Aircraft Using Global Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control.” Mathematics 11 (12): 2732. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11122732
- Deng, Xiongfeng, Binzi Xu, and Liang Tao. 2023d. “Predefined Performance Tracking Control Design for a VTOL Aircraft System.” In 2023 5th International Conference on Robotics, Intelligent Control and Artificial Intelligence (RICAI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ricai60863.2023.10489082
- Deng, Xiongfeng, Xianhao Yang, Liang Tao, Binzi Xu, Fan Zhang, and Chen Zhang. 2023a. “Adaptive Neural Network Dynamic Surface Tracking Control of a VTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac59555.2023.10450360
- Dent, J. M. 1966. “Ground Erosion Effects in the Operation of Jet Lift Aircraft.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 4 (3): 259–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(66)90128-3
- Derrouaoui, Saddam Hocine, Yasser Bouzid, Amina Belmouhoub, and Mohamed Guiatni. 2023. “Enhanced Nonlinear Adaptive Control of a Novel over-Actuated Reconfigurable Quadcopter.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10155908
- Desaraju, Vishnu R., Nathan Michael, Martin Humenberger, et al. 2015. “Vision-Based Landing Site Evaluation and Informed Optimal Trajectory Generation toward Autonomous Rooftop Landing.” Autonomous Robots 39 (3): 445–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-015-9456-x
- Devasia, S. 1997. “Output Tracking with Nonhyperbolic and near Nonhyperbolic Internal Dynamics: Helicopter Hover Control.” In Proceedings of the 1997 American Control Conference (Cat. No.97CH36041). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1997.610689
- Devytkovsky, Timofey, and Petr Trefilov. 2023. “Stabilization of Multirotor Aircraft in Case of Failure of One Engine.” In 2023 16th International Conference Management of large-scale system development (MLSD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mlsd58227.2023.10303987
- DeWispelare, A. R., and R. P. Stager. 1983. “Investigation of Landing Gear Alternatives for High Performance Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (4): 319–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44870
- Deyuan, Liu, Liu Hao, and Li Zhaoying. 2017. “Robust Mode Transition Attitude Control of Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027849
- Deyuan, Liu, Liu Hao, Li Zhaoying, and Zhao Wanbing. 2018. “Robust Trajectory Tracking Control for Tail-Sitter UAVs.” In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8483277
- Dezons, Louis, and Guillaume Ducard. 2023. “Online Learning for Improved Attitude Control of a Tilt-Rotor Hybrid VTOL UAV.” In 2023 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad57653.2023.10152408
- Dhaigude, Hrutvik, Vibhati, Jayanta Sinha, and J. K. Jain. 2021. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Double Delta Wing with Fore-Body.” In 2021 8th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/spin52536.2021.9566062
- Dhaliwal, S. S., and A. Ramirez-Serrano. 2009. “Optimization Architecture of a Modular Architecture for Robotic Control: MARC Control Structure Applied to a VTOL UAV.” In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icas.2009.26
- Di, Zhao, Sandipan Mishra, and Farhan Gandhi. 2022. “A Differential-Flatness-Based Approach for Autonomous Helicopter Shipboard Landing.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 27 (3): 1557–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2021.3085696
- Di, Weicheng, Zixing Wei, Qiqi Liu, et al. 2025. “Dynamics and Control of Tailless Vectored-Thrust VTOL in Hover-to-Forward Transition.” Aerospace Science and Technology 164: 110385. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110385
- Di Francesco, Gabriele, and Massimiliano Mattei. 2016. “Modeling and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control of a Novel Unmanned Tiltrotor.” Journal of Aircraft 53 (1): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033183
- Dias, Joaquim N. 2023. “Flight-Test Determination of Longitudinal Stability Using System Identification.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (5): 1659–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037252
- DiCarlo, Daniel J., H. P. Stough, and James M. Patton. 1981. “Effects of Wing Leading-Edge Design on the Spin Characteristics of a General Aviation Airplane.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (9): 786–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57563
- Diekmann, J. H. 2019. “Flight Mechanical Challenges of STOL Aircraft Using Active High Lift.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 1753–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034910
- Diepolder, Johannes, Matthias Bittner, Patrick Pipreck, Benedikt Gruter, and Florian Holzapfel. 2017. “Facilitating Aircraft Optimal Control Based on Numerical Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2017 25th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2017.7984108
- DiMaggio, Griffin A., Benjamin M. Simmons, Steven C. Geuther, Roy J. Hartfield, and Vivek Ahuja. 2026. “Surface-Vorticity-Based Aeropropulsive Analysis of a Tandem Tiltwing Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038637
- Dinca, Liviu, and Jenica-Ileana Corcau. 2021. “Numerical Study Concerning Longitudinal Dynamic of a Canard UAV with Vectored Thrust.” In 2021 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icate49685.2021.9464988
- Ding, Jerry, Claire J. Tomlin, Loyd R. Hook, and Justin Fuller. 2016. “Initial Designs for an Automatic Forced Landing System for Safer Inclusion of Small Unmanned Air Vehicles into the National Airspace.” In 2016 IEEE/AIAA 35th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2016.7778035
- Ding, Menglong, Yanyan Zhang, Shiqiang Zhu, et al. 2022. “Aerodynamic Simulation of a Typical Multirotor e VTOL Aircraft Configuration.” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO), vol. 124. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robio55434.2022.10011804
- Dingari, Sai Teja, M. Amith, Arjun Kumar, et al. 2025. “Hough Transform Integrated Vision-Based Kinematics Estimation Algorithm for UAV Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2025 International Conference on Emerging Technology in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (ETAAV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/etaav66793.2025.11213081
- Disa, Ashwin, and Vishnu G. Nair. 2023. “Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Custom Ground Marker Using Image-Based Visual Servoing.” In 2023 IEEE 4th Annual Flagship India Council International Subsections Conference (INDISCON). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/indiscon58499.2023.10270190
- Dixit, Marm. 2023. “Balancing Battery Safety and Performance for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircrafts.” Device 1 (6): 100172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.device.2023.100172
- Do, K. D. 2014a. “Coordination Control of Quadrotor VTOL Aircraft in Three-Dimensional Space.” International Journal of Control 88 (3): 543–58. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2014.966324
- Do, K. D. 2021. “Global Inverse Optimal Control of Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” IFAC Journal of Systems and Control 15: 100132. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacsc.2020.100132
- Do, K. D., Z. P. Jiang, and J. Pan. n.d. “Global Output-Feedback Tracking Control of a VTOL Aircraft.” In 42nd IEEE International Conference on Decision and Control (IEEE Cat. No.03CH37475). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2003.1272396
- Do, K. D., Z. P. Jiang, and J. Pan. 2003. “Global Tracking Control of a Vtol Aircraft without Velocity Measurements.” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 48 (12): 2212–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2003.820148
- Do, K. D., and J. Paxman. 2013. “Global Tracking Control of Quadrotor VTOL Aircraft in Three Dimensional Space.” In 2013 Australian Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aucc.2013.6697243
- Doff-Sotta, Martin, Mark Cannon, and Marko Bacic. 2022. “Fast Optimal Trajectory Generation for a Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft with Application to Urban Air Mobility.” In 2022 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867852
- Doff-Sotta, Martin, Mark Cannon, and Marko Bacic. 2023. “Robust Trajectory Optimisation for Transitions of Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10253282
- Doff-Sotta, Martin, Mark Cannon, and Marko Bacic. 2025. “Data-Driven Robust Model Predictive Control of Tiltwing Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 48 (1): 203–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008315
- Dolhyi, Artem, Shi Cao, Azwad Abid, and Vasyl Chomko. 2026. “Comparing Different Manual Controllers in an Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft Simulator under Different Wind Conditions.” Ergonomics: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2026.2734922
- Domitran, Sandro, and Marina Bagic Babac. 2021. “A Machine Learning Approach to Flight Control of a VTOL Tailsitter UAV.” In 2021 44th International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/mipro52101.2021.9596707
- Donateo, Teresa, Claudia Lucia De Pascalis, and Antonio Ficarella. 2019. “Synergy Effects in Electric and Hybrid Electric Aircraft.” Aerospace 6 (3): 32. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6030032
- Dong, Lei, Kwing-So Choi, and Xuerui Mao. 2020. “Interplay of the Leading-Edge Vortex and the Tip Vortex of a Low-Aspect-Ratio Thin Wing.” Experiments in Fluids 61 (9): 200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-020-03023-4
- Doran, Stephen, Toufik Souanef, and James F. Whidborne. 2025. “Autonomous Parafoil Flaring Control System for eVTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace 12 (2): 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020145
- Dorr, D. W., E. Moralez III, and V. K. Merrick. 1994. “Simulation and Flight Test Evaluation of Head-up-Display Guidance for Harrier Approach Transitions.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (5). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950037642
- Du, Yanbin, Bin Jiang, and Yajie Ma. 2023. “Distributed Fault-Tolerant Control for over-Actuated Multi-Agent Systems with Uncertain Perturbations Using Control Allocation.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 33 (11): 6011–30. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.6688
- Du, Haibo, Hao Shen, and Wenwu Zhu. 2016. “Control of a Hovering Quadrotor Aircraft Based Finite-Time Attitude Control Algorithm.” In 2016 12th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2016.7505274
- Duan, Luyuhang, Yunhan He, Li Fan, Wei Qiu, Guangwei Wen, and Yun Xu. 2024. “Optimization-Based Control for a Large-Scale Electrical Vertical Take-Off and Landing during an Aircraft’s Vertical Take-Off and Landing Phase with Variable-Pitch Propellers.” Drones 8 (4): 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8040121
- Duan, Molong, and Chinedum E. Okwudire. 2018. “Proxy-Based Optimal Control Allocation for Dual-Input over-Actuated Systems.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 23 (2): 895–905. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2018.2796500
- Dubois, Justin P. G., Evangelos Ntouros, and Ewoud J. J. Smeur. 2026. “Full Actuator Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Enhanced Hybrid UAV Control.” In 2026 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas69441.2026.11598601
- Ducard, Guillaume, and Gregorio Carughi. 2024. “Neural Network Design and Training for Longitudinal Flight Control of a Tilt-Rotor Hybrid Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Drones 8 (12): 727. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8120727
- Duivenvoorden, Ramon R., André F. P. Ribeiro, Tomas Sinnige, and Leo L. M. Veldhuis. 2026. “Slipstream Deformation in Propeller–Wing–Flap Aerodynamic Interaction.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (3): 1314–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038435
- Duivenvoorden, Ramon R., Tomas Sinnige, and Leo L. M. Veldhuis. 2025. “Impact of Helix Characteristics on Slipstream Deformation in Propeller–Wing–Flap Interaction.” AIAA Journal 63 (11): 4798–4817. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j064763
- Dunbar, William B., Mark B. Milam, Ryan Franz, and Richard M. Murray. 2002. “Model Predictive Control of a Thrust-Vectored Flight Control Experiment.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35 (1): 355–60. https://doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.00965
- Durán-Delfín, J. E., C. D. García-Beltrán, M. E. Guerrero-Sánchez, H. Abaunza, O. Hernández-González, and G. Valencia-Palomo. 2026. “Nonlinear Modeling and Energy-Based Flight Control of a Coaxial VTOL UAV with Independent Thrust Vectoring for Autonomous Landing Maneuvers.” Drones 10 (7): 512. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10070512
- Durbin, Enoch, and Tad McGeer. 1982. “An Airspeed Vector Sensor for V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (6): 449–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57415
- Dussart, Gaétan, Mudassir Lone, and Roger Bailey. 2019. “Development of a Multi-Directional Manoeuvre for Unified Handling Qualities Investigation.” Aerospace 6 (6): 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace6060070
- Dyer, Eric, Shahin Sirouspour, and Mohammad Jafarinasab. 2019. “Energy Optimal Control Allocation in a Redundantly Actuated Omnidirectional UAV.” In 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2019.8793549
- Efremov, Aleksandr, Eugene Efremov, and Mikhail Tiaglik. 2020a. “Advancements in Predictions of Flying Qualities, Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies, and Flight Safety.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (1): 4–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004409
- Efremov, Aleksandr V., Iliyas Kh. Irgaleev, and Mikhail S. Tyaglik. 2020b. “Preview Display: The Mean of Decreasing Pilot Workload and Suppressing Nonlinear Effects in the Flight Control System.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 53 (5): 350–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.04.112
- Eichler, Jay. 1970. “A Regression Analysis of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Ratings.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (4): 314–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44170
- Eilers, Shannon D., Matthew D. Wilson, Stephen A. Whitmore, and Zachary W. Peterson. 2012. “Side-Force Amplification on an Aerodynamically Thrust-Vectored Aerospike Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 28 (4): 811–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.b34381
- Elena, Karpovich. 2026. “Scaling a Technology Demonstrator of an Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Boxwing Martian Aircraft for Low-Altitude Flight Tests on Earth.” Aerospace Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-026-00535-5
- Elif, Cihangir Mehmetcik, and Ozan Tekinalp. 2025. “A Robust Nonlinear MPC and Incremental Dynamic Inversion Control Framework for Quadrotors under Rotor Failure.” In 2025 IEEE 12th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace64938.2025.11114532
- Elumalai, K., Surendar Ganesan, Nirmal Prabhath Ch, and P. Vikram. 2025. “YOLOv8-Based Vision System for Autonomous Landing of Amphibious UAV.” In 2025 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Signal Processing & Computational Intelligence (ICCSPCI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccspci68199.2025.11451491
- Emelyanov, Vladislav, Mikhail Yakovchuk, and Konstantin Volkov. 2021. “Multiparameter Optimization of Thrust Vector Control with Transverse Injection of a Supersonic Underexpanded Gas Jet into a Convergent Divergent Nozzle.” Energies 14 (14): 4359. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14144359
- Empey, Jackson, and Meyer Nahon. 2022. “In-Flight Validation of Propeller Slipstream Model.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836217
- Enenakpogbe, Emmanuel, James F. Whidborne, and Linghai Lu. 2024a. “Control of an over-Actuated Fixed-Wing Vectored Thrust eVTOL.” In 2024 UKACC 14th International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/control60310.2024.10531934
- Enenakpogbe, Emmanuel, James F. Whidborne, and Linghai Lu. 2024b. “Full Envelope Control of over-Actuated Fixed-Wing Vectored Thrust eVTOL.” Aerospace 11 (12): 979. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11120979
- Enenakpogbe, Emmanuel, James F. Whidborne, and Linghai Lu. 2025. “Control Allocation Problem Transformation Approaches for over-Actuated Vectored Thrust VTOLs.” Aerospace Science and Technology 161: 110145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110145
- Eney, John A. 1968. “Navy Variable-Stability Studies of Longitudinal Handling Qualities.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (3): 271–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43938
- Englar, Robert J. 1975. “Circulation Control for High Lift and Drag Generation on STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (5): 457–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59824
- Enns, Dale, Dan Bugajski, Russ Hendrick, and Gunter Stein. 1994. “Dynamic Inversion: An Evolving Methodology for Flight Control Design.” International Journal of Control 59 (1): 71–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179408923070
- Enns, D., and T. Keviczky. 2006. “Dynamic Inversion Based Flight Control for Autonomous RMAX Helicopter.” In 2006 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2006.1657330
- Er-El, J. 1988. “Effect of Wing/canard Interference on the Loading of a Delta Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (1): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45535
- Erginer, Bora, and Erdinc Altug. 2007. “Modeling and PD Control of a Quadrotor VTOL Vehicle.” In 2007 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ivs.2007.4290230
- Erhard, Racheal M., Juan J. Alonso, and Michael A. Cunningham. 2025. “Multifidelity Rotor Wake Modeling with Uncertainty Quantification of Transitioning Tilt-Propeller Aircraft Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (2): 242–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037718
- Ericsson, Lars E. 1991. “Fickle Effect of Nose Microasymmetry on the High-Alpha Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 28 (11): 796–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46098
- Ericsson, Lars E. 1997. “Effect of Angle of Attack on Roll Characteristics of 65-Degree Delta Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 34 (4): 573–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2212
- Ericsson, Lars E. 1998a. “Rapid Prediction of Wing Rock for Slender Delta-Wing Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft 35 (6): 979–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2399
- Ericsson, Lars E. 2003. “Multifaceted Influence of Fuselage Geometry on Delta-Wing Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 40 (1): 204–6. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3076
- Ericsson, L. E., and H. H. C. King. 1992. “Rapid Prediction of High-Alpha Unsteady Aerodynamics of Slender-Wingaircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 29 (1): 85–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46129
- Escareno, J., S. Salazar, and R. Lozano. 2006. “Modelling and Control of a Convertible VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 45th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2006.376915
- Escareno, J., A. Sanchez, O. Garcia, and R. Lozano. 2008. “Triple Tilting Rotor Mini-UAV: Modeling and Embedded Control of the Attitude.” In 2008 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4587031
- Escareño, J., R. H. Stone, A. Sanchez, and R. Lozano. 2007. “Modeling and Control Strategy for the Transition of a Convertible Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068919
- Eulopa-Hernandez, Jhonatan-Fernando, Jairo Olguin-Roque, Diego-Alfredo Padilla-Pérez, Pablo-Alejandro Arizpe-Carreón, and Carlos Couder-Castañeda. 2026. “Fixed-Time Sliding Mode Control of a Thrust-Vectored Planar VTOL UAV with Strongly Coupled Dynamics.” IEEE Access 14: 68407–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3690343
- Falanga, Davide, Alessio Zanchettin, Alessandro Simovic, Jeffrey Delmerico, and Davide Scaramuzza. 2017. “Vision-Based Autonomous Quadrotor Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2017 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security and Rescue Robotics (SSRR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr.2017.8088164
- Fan, Mingyue, and Yifan Xia. 2025. “A Minimum Snap Flight Transition Strategy for Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAVs: Altitude-Hold Transition.” Aerospace Research Communications 3: 15466. https://doi.org/10.3389/arc.2025.15466
- Fan, Mingyue, Fangfang Xie, Tingwei Ji, and Yao Zheng. 2025. “Three-Dimensional Trajectory Optimization for Quadrotor Tail-Sitter AAVs: Traversing through Given Waypoints.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 61 (3): 6987–7005. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2025.3531845
- Fang, Yuzhou. 2025. “Research on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Cluster Anti-Disturbance Flight Control Technology Based on Dynamic Wind Field Sensing.” In 2025 Low-Altitude Economy Forum & International Conference on Low-Altitude Flight Technology and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Application (LEF & ICLU). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/leficlu65987.2025.11297331
- Fard, Majid T., JiangBiao He, Hao Huang, and Yue Cao. 2022. “Aircraft Distributed Electric Propulsion Technologies—a Review.” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 8 (4): 4067–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2022.3197332
- Fatima, Kehkashan, Amir Hussain Idrisi, and Abdel-Hamid Ismail Mourad. 2020. “LabView Based Conrol System Design for VTOL Aircraft System.” In 2020 Advances in Science and Engineering Technology International Conferences (ASET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aset48392.2020.9118372
- Fattahi Massoum, Seyedreza, and Hugh H.-T. Liu. 2026. “Energy-Aware Trajectory Generation via Conic Programming for a Multirotor-Slung Load System with a Varying-Length Cable.” Drones 10 (8): 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10080582
- Faure, Thierry M., Laurent Dumas, Vincent Drouet, and Olivier Montagnier. 2019. “A Modified Discrete-Vortex Method Algorithm with Shedding Criterion for Aerodynamic Coefficients Prediction at High Angle of Attack.” Applied Mathematical Modelling 69: 32–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2018.12.013
- Favaro, Lorenzo, Agata Rylko, and Giuseppe Quaranta. 2025b. “Building Credible VTOL Flight Models for Handling Quality Certification by Simulation.” Aerospace 12 (6): 559. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12060559
- Fejtek, Ian, and Leonard Roberts. 1992b. “Navier-Stokes Computation of Wing/rotor Interaction for a Tilt Rotor in Hover.” AIAA Journal 30 (11): 2595–2603. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11272
- Feng, Liangtao, Tingyu Guo, Chenhua Zhu, and Haixin Chen. 2023. “Control Design and Flight Test of Aerodynamics-Driven Monoplane–Biplane Morphing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 46 (12): 2373–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g007591
- Feng, Yi, Cong Zhang, Stanley Baek, Samir Rawashdeh, and Alireza Mohammadi. 2018. “Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Platform Using Model Predictive Control.” Drones 2 (4): 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones2040034
- Feng Lin, W. Zhang, and R. D. Brandt. 1999. “Robust Hovering Control of a PVTOL Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 7 (3): 343–51. https://doi.org/10.1109/87.761054
- Ferlauto, Michele, and Roberto Marsilio. 2017. “Numerical Investigation of the Dynamic Characteristics of a Dual-Throat-Nozzle for Fluidic Thrust-Vectoring.” AIAA Journal 55 (1): 86–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j055044
- Fernandez, Luiz F. T., Murat Bronz, Thierry Lefebvre, and Nathalie Bartoli. 2026. “Simultaneous Trajectory and Design Optimization of Small VTOL UAVs with Controllability Considerations.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (4): 1859–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038553
- Ferrarese, Gastone, Fabrizio Giulietti, and Giulio Avanzini. 2013. “Modeling and Simulation of a Quad-Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 46 (30): 64–70. https://doi.org/10.3182/20131120-3-fr-4045.00037
- Ferreira, Rafael Ramildes, and Leandro Buss Becker. 2026. “Applying Runtime Verification in the Control System of a VTOL UAV.” In 2026 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology (ICIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icit64854.2026.11491185
- Figueira, João C., Sean Bazzocchi, Stephen Warwick, and Afzal Suleman. 2025. “Nonlinear Aero-Propulsive Modeling for Fixed-Wing eVTOL UAV from Flight Test Data.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (2): 300–312. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037964
- Filippoli, Giorgio, Beniamino Maria Perri, Niko Terzaroli, Stefano Cacciola, Carlo E. D. Riboldi, and Lorenzo Trainelli. 2026b. “Safety Considerations for a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft: Lessons Learnt from an Automated Flight-Test Accident Involving a Research Demonstrator.” Safety 12 (4): 96. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety12040096
- Finger, D. Felix, Reynard de Vries, Roelof Vos, Carsten Braun, and Cees Bil. 2022. “Cross-Validation of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Sizing Methods.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (3): 742–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035907
- Fitzgerald, D., R. Walker, and D. Campbell. 2005. “A Vision Based Forced Landing Site Selection System for an Autonomous UAV.” In 2005 International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/issnip.2005.1595612
- “Flight Deck Environment and Pilot Workload.” 1973. Applied Ergonomics 4 (1): 59. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(73)90063-x
- Flores, A., A. Montes de Oca, and G. Flores. 2018. “A Simple Controller for the Transition Maneuver of a Tail-Sitter Drone.” In 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619303
- Flores, Alejandro, and Gerardo Flores. 2020. “Transition Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV Using Recurrent Neural Networks.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213919
- Flores, Alejandro, and Gerardo Flores. 2021. “Implementation of a Neural Network for Nonlinearities Estimation in a Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 103 (2): 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01470-7
- Flores, Alejandro, and Gerardo Flores. 2022. “Fully Actuated Hexa-Rotor UAV: Design, Construction, and Control. Simulation and Experimental Validation.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836105
- Flores, Gerardo, and R. Lozano. 2013. “Transition Flight Control of the Quad-Tilting Rotor Convertible MAV.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564761
- Flores, Gerardo, Israel Lugo, and Rogelio Lozano. 2014. “6-DOF Hovering Controller Design of the Quad Tiltrotor Aircraft: Simulations and Experiments.” In 53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2014.7040348
- Foss, R. L., I. Litrownik, W. M. Magruder, and D. R. Wyrick. 1965. “Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of the Double-Delta Supersonictransport.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (6): 470–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43685
- Fourie, Christopher, and Thomas Jones. 2015. “An Intuitive, Aggressive Control Architecture for an Unmanned Helicopter in near-Hover Flight.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7119281
- Főző, Ladislav, and Rudolf Andoga. 2022. “Advanced Control of an Electric Fuel-Oil Pump for Small Turbojet Engines.” Aerospace 9 (10): 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100607
- Franceschini, Giulio, Giorgio Raos, Giovanni Gozzini, and Davide Invernizzi. 2026. “Adaptive Control Allocation for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion under Actuator Degradation.” In 2026 34th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med70602.2026.11598288
- Francis, Michael S. 2018. “Air Vehicle Management with Integrated Thrust-Vector Control.” AIAA Journal 56 (12): 4741–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j056768
- Franklin, James A. 1994. “Application of Nonlinear Inverse Methods to the Control of Powered-Lift Aircraft over the Low-Speed Flight Envelope.” International Journal of Control 59 (1): 321–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179408923080
- Fratello, Gilles, Daniel Favier, and Christian Maresca. 1991. “Experimental and Numerical Study of the Propeller/fixed Wing Interaction.” Journal of Aircraft 28 (6): 365–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46036
- Fremaux, C. M., D. M. Vairo, and R. D. Whipple. 1995. “Effect of Geometry and Mass Distribution on Tumbling Characteristics of Flying Wings.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (2): 404–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46730
- Fricker, D. M., J. D. Holdeman, and S. P. Vanka. 1994. “Calculations of Hot Gas Ingestion for a STOVL Aircraft Model.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (1): 236–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46479
- Friddell, J. H., and M. E. Franke. 1992. “Confined Jet Thrust Vector Control Nozzle Studies.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (6): 1239–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11468
- Friedrich, C., and P. A. Robertson. 2015. “Hybrid-Electric Propulsion for Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (1): 176–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032660
- Friehmelt, Holger. 1997. “Elements of Aerodynamic Model Validation for Delta-Canard Configured Aircraft with Thrust-Vectoring.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 30 (11): 395–400. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)42879-5
- Frost, T. P., and R. A. Bishop. 1965. “Vectored Thrust Engines for Single and Multiengined Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (1): 13–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43612
- Fu, Weijia, Jie Li, and Haojie Wang. 2012. “Numerical Simulation of Propeller Slipstream Effect on a Propeller-Driven Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Procedia Engineering 31: 150–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.01.1005
- Fu, Yifang, Yongze Li, Ban Wang, Lingxia Mu, and Hongwei Li. 2025b. “Air-Ground Cooperative Guidance and Control Strategy for Autonomous Landing of a VTOL UAV on a Mobile Platform.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 494–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.199
- Fu, Rong, Hongfei Sun, and Jianping Zeng. 2018. “Exponential Stabilisation of Nonlinear Parameter-Varying Systems with Applications to Conversion Flight Control of a Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” International Journal of Control 92 (11): 2473–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2018.1442022
- Fu, Yifang, Ban Wang, Pinrui Zhao, Lingxia Mu, and Ni Li. 2026. “Fault-Tolerant Autonomous Landing Strategy of a Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV on Moving Platform.” In 2026 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim65483.2026.11658298
- Fu, Yifang, Ban Wang, Huimin Zhao, Mengqi Zhou, Ni Li, and Zhenghong Gao. 2025a. “Adaptive Safety Attitude Control of a Hybrid VTOL UAV under Transition Flight Subject to Multiple Faults and Uncertainties.” Aerospace Science and Technology 163: 110284. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110284
- Fu, Yifang, Ban Wang, Mengqi Zhou, Huimin Zhao, and Ni Li. 2025c. “Resilient Control Strategy for a VTOL UAV Achieving Safe Transition Flight under Actuator Faults and Disturbances.” In 2025 IEEE 19th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca65672.2025.11129771
- Fuhrer, Silvan, Sebastian Verling, Thomas Stastny, and Roland Siegwart. 2019. “Fault-Tolerant Flight Control of a VTOL Tailsitter UAV.” In 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2019.8793467
- Fullmer, R. R., R. W. Gunderson, and G. Olsen. 1992. “The Preliminary Design of a Stability Augmentation System for a Remotely Piloted Vehicle in Hover.” In [Proceedings 1992] The First IEEE Conference on Control Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.1992.269741
- Gai, Wendong, Jing Zhang, Liangsong Huang, and Yuxia Li. 2014. “Transition Flight Control Using Adaptive Neutral Network Dynamic Inversion for Canard Rotor/Wing UAV.” In The 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2014.6852919
- Gal-Or, B. n.d. “Vectored Transport Proof-of-Concept and Catastrophic Failure Prevention Demonstrated by Flying Thrust-Vectoring Flight-Controlled RPVs: Methodology and Instrumentation.” In ICIASF ‘95 Record. International Congress on Instrumentation in Aerospace Simulation Facilities. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciasf.1995.519135
- Gal-Or, Benjamin Z. 1992. “Maximizing Thrust-Vectoring Control Power and Agility Metrics.” Journal of Aircraft 29 (4): 647–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46214
- Gal-Or, Benjamin, and Daniel D. Baumann. 1993. “Mathematical Phenomenology for Thrust-Vectoring-Induced Agility Comparisons.” Journal of Aircraft 30 (2): 248–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48273
- Gal-Or, B., V. Sherbaum, and M. Lichtsinder. 1995. “Fundamentals of Catastrophic Failure Prevention by Thrust Vectoring.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (3): 577–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46758
- Galeani, Sergio, Roberto Masocco, and Mario Sassano. 2025. “Data-Driven Dynamic Optimal Allocation for Uncertain over-Actuated Linear Systems.” Automatica 175: 112208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2025.112208
- Galeani, Sergio, Andrea Serrani, Gianluca Varano, and Luca Zaccarian. 2011. “On Linear over-Actuated Regulation Using Input Allocation.” In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160946
- Galeani, Sergio, Andrea Serrani, Gianluca Varano, and Luca Zaccarian. 2015. “On Input Allocation-Based Regulation for Linear over-Actuated Systems.” Automatica 52: 346–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2014.10.112
- Gallagher, J. T. 1971. “Requirements on Simulators Used in Handling Qualities Research.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (11): 917–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59189
- Gallagher, J. T., and F. B. O’Donnell. 1965. “Investigation of the Application of Direct Translational Control to VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (6): 538–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43694
- Ganchaudhuri, Paraj, and Chayan Bhawal. 2025. “Maneuver Based Dynamic Power Consumption Model of a Hover-Linearized Quadcopter.” In 2025 IEEE Guwahati Subsection Conference (GCON). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/gcon65540.2025.11173291
- Gannous, Aiman, Anneliese Andrews, and Robert Acha. 2021. “Robustness Testing of a Semi-Autonomous Mobile Landing Platform for Vertical Take-off and Landing UAVs.” In 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero50100.2021.9438203
- Gao, Han, Quanzhong Liu, Qiulin Qu, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2019. “Study of Round Jet Impingement in Proximity of Ground and Water Surface.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (6): 2236–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035086
- Gao, Honggang, Zhenbao Liu, Ban Wang, and Chao Pang. 2020. “Flight Dynamics and Control of a New VTOL Aircraft in Fixed-Wing Mode.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213836
- Gao, Shang, Zhaonan Zuo, and Gang Wang. 2025. “Research on Controlling Strategy of Autonomous VTOL and Transition Flight for Tiltrotor UAVs.” In 2025 5th International Conference on Mechatronics Technology and Aerospace Engineering (ICMTAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmtae66890.2025.11427869
- Garcia, O., A. Sanchez, J. Escareño, and R. Lozano. 2008. “Tail-Sitter UAV Having One Tilting Rotor: Modeling, Control and Real-Time Experiments.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 41 (2): 809–14. https://doi.org/10.3182/20080706-5-kr-1001.00139
- Garcia, O., A. Sanchez, K. C. Wong, and R. Lozano. 2009. “Modeling and Control of a Vectored-Thrust Coaxial UAV.” In 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2009.7074484
- García Crespillo, Omar, Chen Zhu, Maximilian Simonetti, Daniel Gerbeth, Young-Hee Lee, and Wenhan Hao. 2024. “Vertiport Navigation Requirements and Multisensor Architecture Considerations for Urban Air Mobility.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 16 (3): 993–1008. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-024-00749-3
- Garcia-Nieto, Sergio, Jesus Velasco-Carrau, Federico Paredes-Valles, Jose Vicente Salcedo, and Raul Simarro. 2019. “Motion Equations and Attitude Control in the Vertical Flight of a VTOL Bi-Rotor UAV.” Electronics 8 (2): 208. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics8020208
- García-Pulido, J. A., G. Pajares, and S. Dormido. 2022. “UAV Landing Platform Recognition Using Cognitive Computation Combining Geometric Analysis and Computer Vision Techniques.” Cognitive Computation 15 (2): 392–412. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-021-09962-2
- Garrood, Stuart T., and Lloyd D. Reid. 1994. “Pilot Evaluations of Augmented Flight Simulator Motion.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (4): 826–30. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46567
- Gatley, Sarah L., Matthew C. Turner, Ian Postlethwaite, and Abhishek Kumar. 2006. “A Comparison of Rate-Limit Compensation Schemes for Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Avoidance.” Aerospace Science and Technology 10 (1): 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2005.07.004
- Ge, Zijian, Jingjing Jiang, Ewan Pugh, Ben Marshall, Yunda Yan, and Liang Sun. 2023. “Vision-Based UAV Landing with Guaranteed Reliability in Adverse Environment.” Electronics 12 (4): 967. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12040967
- Geister, D., G. Schwoch, and H. Becker. 2017. “Flight Testing of Optimal Remotely-Piloted-Aircraft-System Scan Patterns.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (5): 1675–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034337
- Gentili, L., R. Naldi, and L. Marconi. 2008. “Modeling and Control of VTOL UAVs Interacting with the Environment.” In 2008 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2008.4739377
- Ghommam, Jawhar, and Maarouf Saad. 2017. “Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on a Moving Platform.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 53 (3): 1504–19. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2017.2671698
- Gibs, J., W. Z. Stepniewski, and R. Spencer. 1976. “Effects of Noise Reduction on Characteristics of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (11): 919–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58730
- Giles, Michael B. 1988. “Calculation of Unsteady Wake/rotor Interaction.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 4 (4): 356–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23074
- Gill, J. C. 1974. “Advanced Technology Thrust Vectoring Exhaust Systems.” Journal of Aircraft 11 (12): 764–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60411
- Gill, Rajan, and Raffaello D’Andrea. 2020. “An Annular Wing VTOL UAV: Flight Dynamics and Control.” Drones 4 (2): 14. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones4020014
- Girard, P. F., and W. L. Everett. 1963. “A Test Pilot Report on the X-13 Vertijet and VZ-3RY Vertiplane.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 107 (1): 409–27. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13289.x
- Glasgow, E. R., W. E. Beck, and R. R. Woollett. 1983. “Zero-Length Inlets for Subsonic V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (5): 397–403. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44884
- Glasgow, E. R., and R. E. Skarshaug. 1980. “Type a V/STOL Propulsion System Development.” Journal of Aircraft 17 (10): 741–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57961
- Go, Tiauw Hiong. 2009. “Lateral-Directional Aircraft Dynamics under Static Moment Nonlinearity.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 32 (1): 305–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.39025
- Goh, Keng, Daniel Melia Boix, James McWhinnie, and Gareth Smith. 2016. “Control of Rotorcraft Landing Gear on Different Ground Conditions.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icma.2016.7558557
- Golmirzaee, Narges, and David H. Wood. 2026. “Far-Field Boundary Conditions for Airfoil Simulation at High Angle of Attack in Steady, Incompressible, and Two-Dimensional Flow.” Advances in Aerodynamics 8 (1): 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-025-00222-7
- Goman, M., A. Khrabrov, and S. Usoltsev. 1994. “Identification of Unsteady Aerodynamic Model of a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27 (8): 1039–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)47845-1
- Gonzalez-Guerrero, J. C., J. Diaz-Tellez, J. Estevez-Carreon, R. Mendoza-Vazquez, M. A. Meraz-Melo, and J. F. Guerrero-Castellanos. 2022. “Low Altitude Control of the VTOL UAV Tolerant to Ground Effect and Actuator Failures.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836161
- Gordillo, Andres M. Perez, Jaime Escobar, Svetlana V. Poroseva, and Omar D. Lopez Mejia. 2025. “Aerodynamic Performance of a Hovering Quadcopter Using the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (4): 992–1003. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038145
- Gordnier, Raymond E. 1995. “Computation of Delta-Wing Roll Maneuvers.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (3): 486–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46746
- Goshtasbi, Alireza, Sangwoo Han, Ruxiu Zhao, and Jeremy Neubauer. 2024b. “Optimal Charging with Active Thermal Management for eVTOL Aircraft Battery Packs.” In 2024 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc60939.2024.10644242
- Goshtasbi, Alireza, Ruxiu Zhao, Ruiting Wang, Sangwoo Han, Wenting Ma, and Jeremy Neubauer. 2024a. “Enhanced Equivalent Circuit Model for High Current Discharge of Lithium-Ion Batteries with Application to Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Power Sources 620: 235188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2024.235188
- Goto, Norihiro. 1998. “Neal: Smith Criteria-Based H-Modeling Technique for Assessing Pilot Rating.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 21 (4): 656–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4285
- Gottschalg, Gideon, Arne K. Strauss, Nikola Ivanov, Bojana Mirković, and Juan Blasco Puyuelo. 2026. “Vertiport Location Planning for Urban Air Mobility Airport Shuttle Services under Demand Uncertainty.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 207: 104957. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2026.104957
- Govindarajan, Bharath, J. Gordon Leishman, and Nail A. Gumerov. 2013. “Particle-Clustering Algorithms for the Prediction of Brownout Dust Clouds.” AIAA Journal 51 (5): 1080–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j051907
- Govindarajan, Bharath, and Ananth Sridharan. 2020. “Conceptual Sizing of Vertical Lift Package Delivery Platforms.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (6): 1170–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035805
- Grahame, William E. 1969. “Aerodynamic Effects of Lift-Jet and Lift-Fan Inlets in Transition Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (2): 150–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44022
- Granata, Daniele, Alberto Savino, Donato Grassi, Luca Riccobene, and Alex Zanotti. 2024. “Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustics Investigation of Tandem Propellers in Hover for eVTOL Configurations.” Aerospace Science and Technology 155: 109740. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109740
- Grant, Peter, and Peter Tung Sing Lee. 2007. “Motion-Visual Phase-Error Detection in a Flight Simulator.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (3): 927–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.25807
- Grant, Oliver L., Karl A. Stol, Akshya Swain, and Ronald A. Hess. 2015. “Handling Qualities of a Twin Ducted-Fan Aircraft: An Analytical Evaluation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 38 (6): 1126–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g000826
- Green, W. E., and P. Y. Oh. 2006. “A Fixed-Wing Aircraft for Hovering in Caves, Tunnels, and Buildings.” In 2006 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2006.1656362
- Greene, Peter R. 1977. “Vertical Takeoff Lift Augmentation: The ‘Sculptured Deck’ Concept.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (2): 111–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44577
- Gregory, Irene M., Kasey Ackerman, Steve Snyder, and Paul Rothhaar. 2015. “Adaptive Control for Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV.” In 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2015.7171114
- Gresham, James L., Benjamin M. Simmons, Jean-Michel W. Fahmi, Jeremy W. Hopwood, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2023. “Remote Uncorrelated Pilot Input Excitation Assessment for Unmanned Aircraft Aerodynamic Modeling.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (3): 955–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036942
- Gress, G. R. 2018. “Natural Pitch Stabilization of Bicopters in Hover Using Lift-Propeller Gyroscopics.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 41 (2): 476–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g002468
- Gribanov, A. S., D. A. Okhotnikov, and K. Yu. Bulanov. 2021. “Digital Processing of Radar Signals in the Automatic Helicopter Landing System on a Moving Platform.” In 2021 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf51389.2021.9416058
- Gribanov, A. S., D. A. Okhotnikov, and D. S. Krasavin. 2022. “The Use of a Radio Navigation System for Landing a Rotary-Wing Aircraft on the Deck of a Ship in Adverse Weather Conditions.” In 2022 Systems of Signals Generating and Processing in the Field of on Board Communications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ieeeconf53456.2022.9744299
- Grobler, P. R., and H. W. Jordaan. 2020. “Autonomous Vision Based Landing Strategy for a Rotary Wing UAV.” In 2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/saupec/robmech/prasa48453.2020.9041238
- “Ground Tests of Piasecki 59K VTOL.” 1958. Journal of the Franklin Institute 265 (5): 434. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(58)90754-3
- Grunnet, James L. 1971. “Designing Jet Aircraft Wind-Tunnel Test Programs with Propulsion System Simulation.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (6): 421–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44278
- Gu, Haowei, Ximin Lyu, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2017. “Development and Experimental Verification of a Hybrid Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial vehicle(UAV).” In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991420
- Guan, Mingjing, and Bin Xian. 2025. “Robust Control of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Adaptive Backstepping Method.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179014
- Guerrero, J. A., R. Lozano, G. Romero, D. Lara-Alabazares, and K. C. Wong. 2009. “Robust Control Design Based on Sliding Mode Control for Hover Flight of a Mini Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2009 35th Annual Conference of IEEE Industrial Electronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2009.5415267
- Guglieri, Giorgio. 2012. “A Comprehensive Analysis of Wing Rock Dynamics for Slender Delta Wing Configurations.” Nonlinear Dynamics 69 (4): 1559–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-012-0369-3
- Gui, Haoran, Xiaojun Xing, Yingzhe Cai, Xiaoran Chen, and Yaqing Zhao. 2019. “Design of Lateral Flight Control Law for a Double Vertical Tail UAV.” In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832497
- Gundry, A. J. 1977. “Thresholds to Roll Motion in a Flight Simulator.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (7): 624–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58832
- Güneş, Muhammet Ali, and Fatih Adıgüzel. 2024. “Stabilization of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft with a Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based PI Controller.” In 2024 15th National Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering (ELECO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/eleco64362.2024.10847254
- Guo, Jinglong, Xin Dong, Yang Gao, Daochun Li, and Zhan Tu. 2022b. “Simultaneous Obstacles Avoidance and Robust Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Vehicle.” Electronics 11 (19): 3110. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11193110
- Guo, Rui, Peng Kou, Xuanyu Yao, and Yunkun Man. 2023a. “Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Power Management in Hybrid Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2023 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icems59686.2023.10344946
- Guo, Jiandong, Zhixiang Liao, Zhen Dong, Chenyu Liang, and Changfa Yang. 2023b. “Research on Full-Envelope Flight Control of a New Type Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2023 6th International Conference on Robotics, Control and Automation Engineering (RCAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rcae59706.2023.10398750
- Guo, Lianyu, Shiqian Liu, Weizhi Lyu, Qian Zhang, and Yunxin Meng. 2026. “L1 Adaptive Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Automatic Landing Control of Civil Aircraft.” Aerospace Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-026-00489-8
- Guo, Kaiyang, Pan Tang, Hui Wang, Defu Lin, and Xiaoxi Cui. 2022a. “Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on a Moving Platform via Model Predictive Control.” Aerospace 9 (1): 34. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9010034
- Guo, Tao, Hao Wu, Shahriar Iqbal Zame, and Constantinos Antoniou. 2025a. “Data-Driven Vertiport Siting: A Comparative Analysis of Clustering Methods for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Urban Mobility 7: 100117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2025.100117
- Guo, Yuzhen, Junjie Yao, Jing Jiang, and Dongxiao Qiao. 2025b. “Research of Hierarchical Vertiport Location Based on Lagrange Relaxation.” Aerospace 12 (8): 672. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080672
- Guo, Youguang, Ting Yue, and Lixin Wang. 2016. “Unconventional Roll Axis Response-Type Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Law Design.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828939
- Gupta, Shubhanshu, Abhishek, and Mangal Kothari. 2026. “Optimal Transition Feedback Control of a Biplane Tailsitter UAV.” Aerospace Science and Technology 177: 112700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112700
- Gupta, N. K., and A. E. Bryson Jr. 1976. “Near-Hover Control of a Helicopter with a Hanging Load.” Journal of Aircraft 13. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760047895
- Gupta, Ayush, Ekaterina Dorzhieva, Ahmed Baza, Mert Alper, Aleksey Fedoseev, and Dzmitry Tsetserukou. 2022. “SwarmHawk: Self-Sustaining Multi-Agent System for Landing on a Moving Platform through an Agent Supervision.” In 2022 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas54217.2022.9836080
- Gupta, Shubhanshu, Mangal Kothari, and Abhishek. 2023a. “Optimal Transition Trajectory of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 56 (2): 2500–2505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.10.1230
- Gupta, Priyanka, Bhavya Pareek, Ranjeet Kumar, and Avinash Chandra Aeron. 2021. “Vision-Based Safe Landing of UAV Using Tiny-SURF Algorithm.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc52423.2021.9658927
- Gursul, Ismet. 1994. “Unsteady Flow Phenomena over Delta Wings at High Angle of Attack.” AIAA Journal 32 (2): 225–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11976
- Guy, Christopher R. 1976. “Investigation of VTOL Landing Control Laws for Low-Speed Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (6): 399–405. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44533
- Ha, Moon Yong, Ho Il Jang, Min-Su Lim, Chengzhang Lyu, and Venkata Dinavahi. 2026. “Lighting Systems Design for Urban Air Mobility Vertiport: Critical Analysis and Experimental Validation.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110896. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110896
- Habboush, Abdullah, and Yildiray Yildiz. 2022. “An Adaptive Pilot Model with Reaction Time-Delay.” In 2022 IEEE 61st Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc51059.2022.9992587
- Habboush, Abdullah, and Yildiray Yildiz. 2026. “An Adaptive Human Pilot Model with Reaction Time Delay for Enhanced Adaptive Control in Piloted Systems.” International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 40 (5): 1029–41. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.70052
- Habel, Amir, Fawad Mehboob, Jeffrin Sam, Clement Fortin, and Dzmitry Tsetserukou. 2025. “YawSitter: Modeling and Controlling a Tail-Sitter UAV with Enhanced Yaw Control.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robio66223.2025.11376208
- Hachem, Mohamad, Clément Roos, Thierry Miquel, and Murat Bronz. 2026. “Improving Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Robustness Using Robust Control in Aerial Robotics.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 49 (1): 280–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008773
- Hackett, J. E., and J. L. Justice. 1973. “Aerodynamics of a Fixed Ground Plane for a Powered STOL Wind-Tunnel Model.” Journal of Aircraft 10 (3): 137–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60208
- Hafner, S., T. De Ponti, and E. Smeur. 2026. “On the Equivalence of Sensory and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems 5: 136–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcsys.2026.3669038
- Hagelen, Manfred, Gunnar Briese, Helmut Essen, Thomas Bertuch, Peter Knott, and Axel Tessmann. 2008. “A Millimetrewave Landing Aid Approach for Helicopters under Brown-out Conditions.” In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4720959
- Hailiang, Wen. 2026. “Predefined-Time Direct-Lift Control for Automatic Carrier Landing with Moving-Deck Prediction.” In 2026 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rusautocon69876.2026.11707456
- Haisheng, Gong, and Liu Jinkun. 2012. “Sliding Mode Control for VTOL Aircraft Based on High-Gain Observer.” In 2012 Second International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2012.75
- Haixu, Li, Qu Xiangju, and Wang Weijun. 2010. “Multi-Body Motion Modeling and Simulation for Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 23 (4): 415–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(09)60236-3
- Hall, Gordon R. 1965. “Experimental Investigation of a Novel Vtol Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (4): 312–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43658
- Hall, G. R. 1967. “Scaling of VTOL Aerodynamic Suckdown Forces.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (4): 393–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43855
- Hall, G. Warren, and Edward M. Boothe. 1972. “Lateral-Directional Dynamics and Roll Control Power for the Landing Approach.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (2): 129–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58945
- Haloulakos, V. E. 1982. “Fluidic Thrust Vector Control.” In 1982 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1982.4788040
- Hameduddin, Ismail, and Abdulrahman H. Bajodah. 2011a. “Generalized Dynamic Inversion for Multiaxial Nonlinear Flight Control.” In Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5991290
- Hameduddin, Ismail, and Abdulrahman H. Bajodah. 2012. “Nonlinear Generalised Dynamic Inversion for Aircraft Manoeuvring Control.” International Journal of Control 85 (4): 437–50. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179.2012.656143
- Hamlin, Benson, and F. Spenceley. 1946. “Comparison of Propeller and Reaction-Propelled Airplane Performances.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 13 (8): 425–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.11413
- Hammer, T., N. Raaf, B. Ritterbach, S. de Graaf, L. Richter, and A. Treder. 2026. “Wing Design and Powertrain Integration for a Distributed Electric Propulsion Demonstrator Aircraft.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-026-00999-3
- Han, Xiqiao, Yuanbo Bi, Ziyang Zhang, Zheng Zeng, and Lian Lian. 2025a. “Nezha-T: A Bi-Floating State Lightweight Tail-Sitter HAUV.” In 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246430
- Han, Jinlu, Long Di, Calvin Coopmans, and YangQuan Chen. 2013. “Fractional Order Controller for Pitch Loop Control of a VTOL UAV.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564739
- Han, Jaeseong, Je Young Hwang, and Oh Joon Kwon. 2021. “Numerical Investigation of Effect of Crossflow Transition on Rotor Blade Performance in Hover.” Aerospace Science and Technology 114: 106733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106733
- Han, Wuhan, and Shaojie Zhang. 2019. “Finite Time Convergence Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Attitude Control for Flying: Wing Aircraft with Actuator Faults.” In 2019 CAA Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes (SAFEPROCESS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/safeprocess45799.2019.9213409
- Han Du, Zhiqiang Pu, Jianqiang Yi, and Hanbo Qian. 2016. “Advanced Quadrotor Takeoff Control Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Integral Extended State Observer.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7829076
- Handrick, Dario, Mattie Eckenrode, and Junsoo Lee. 2025. “Review of Tethered Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Building Versatile and Robust Tethered Multirotor UAV System.” Dynamics 5 (2): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/dynamics5020017
- Hang, Yin, Zhu Jihong, Yuan Xiaming, and Zhang Chao. 2013. “Robust Hover Control of Thrust-Vectored Unmanned Tail-Sitter Aircraft against Gust Load.” In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6565040
- Harcus, Matt, and Glen Bright. 2020. “Fused Deposition Modelling for Fabrication of a Hybrid Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2020 International SAUPEC/RobMech/PRASA Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/saupec/robmech/prasa48453.2020.9040964
- Harman, T. B., J. M. Cimbala, and M. L. Billet. 1994. “Reduction in Size and Unsteadiness of VTOL Ground Vortices by Ground Fences.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (3): 579–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46533
- Hart, Sandra. 1978. “Pilot Workload during Final Approach in Congested Airspace.” In 1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1978.268137
- Hartmann, G., and G. Stein. 1978. “Digital Adaptive Control Laws for VTOL Aircraft.” In 1978 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 17th Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1978.268103
- Hartzell, E. 1979. “Helicopter Pilot Performance and Workload as a Function of Night Vision Symbologies.” In 1979 18th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1979.270098
- Hatherall, Ollie, Anup Barai, Mona Faraji Niri, Zeyuan Wang, and James Marco. 2024. “Novel Battery Power Capability Assessment for Improved eVTOL Aircraft Landing.” Applied Energy 361: 122848. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122848
- Hauser, J., and A. Jadbabaie. n.d. “Aggressive Maneuvering of a Thrust Vectored Flying Wing: A Receding Horizon Approach.” In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187), vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2000.912261
- Hauser, John, Shankar Sastry, and George Meyer. 1992. “Nonlinear Control Design for Slightly Nonminimum Phase Systems: Application to V/STOL Aircraft.” Automatica 28 (4 Ju). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920065536
- He, Tianyi, Samantha Burton, Clayton Spencer, and Wenpeng Wei. 2025b. “Projection-Based Online Parameter Estimation of a Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft and Experimental Validation.” ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control 6 (2): 021012. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4070611
- He, Ruichen, Florian Holzapfel, Johannes Bröcker, Yi Lai, and Shuguang Zhang. 2024b. “A Decentralized Voting and Monitoring Flight Control Actuation System for eVTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace 11 (3): 195. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11030195
- He, Cheng, Yuhong Jia, and Dongli Ma. 2020a. “Optimization and Analysis of Hybrid Electric System for Distributed Propulsion Tilt-Wing UAV.” IEEE Access 8: 224654–67. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3044449
- He, Xiang, and Kam K. Leang. 2020. “Quasi-Steady in-Ground-Effect Model for Single and Multirotor Aerial Vehicles.” AIAA Journal 58 (12): 5318–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j059223
- He, Qizhi, Yi Tan, Xiaoxiong Liu, Qianlei Jia, and Jinglong Liu. 2020b. “Reconfigurable Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Attitude Control of a Structurally Damaged Aircraft.” IEEE Access 8: 199931–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3035436
- He, Cheng, Yuqi Tong, Guanxiong Li, Shipeng Yang, and Diyi Liu. 2025a. “Dynamic Programming-Based Energy Optimization for the Series Hybrid Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV.” Energy Reports 14: 5157–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2025.11.114
- He, Shubao, Hongpeng Wang, and Shiyong Zhang. 2019b. “Vision Based Autonomous Landing of the Quadrotor Using Fuzzy Logic Control.” In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832729
- He, Binglin, Heng Zhang, Baisheng Lai, Song Liu, and Yang Wang. 2024a. “Data-Driven Modeling of Ground Effect for UAV Landing on a Vertical Oscillating Platform.” In 2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802474
- He, Ao, Yinong Zhang, Huimin Zhao, Ban Wang, and Zhenghong Gao. 2022. “Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control of a Hybrid VTOL UAV against Actuator Faults and Model Uncertainties under Fixed-Wing Mode.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022: 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8191154
- Healy, Richard, Farhan Gandhi, and Mihir Mistry. 2022. “Computational Investigation of Multirotor Interactional Aerodynamics with Hub Lateral and Longitudinal Canting.” AIAA Journal 60 (2): 872–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j060530
- Hedjar, Ramdane. 2015. “Robust One-Step-Ahead Model Predictive Control of VTOL-UAVs.” In The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162445
- Hedjar, Ramdane, and Mansour Abdulaziz Al Zuair. 2019. “Robust Altitude Stabilization of VTOL-UAV for Payloads Delivery.” IEEE Access 7: 73583–92. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2919701
- Heidarian, Maryam, and Attaullah Y. Memon. 2012. “Attitude Control of VTOL-UAVs.” In Proceedings of 2012 UKACC International Conference on Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/control.2012.6334657
- Heilein, Samuel, and Omar García Crespillo. 2024. “Ground-Corrected Barometric Vertical Navigation System for Vertiport Operations.” In 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10749114
- Heinrich, Gian-Andrea, Stephanie Vogt, Nicholas R. J. Lawrance, Thomas J. Stastny, and Roland Y. Siegwart. 2022. “In-Wing Pressure Measurements for Airspeed and Airflow Angle Estimation and High Angle-of-Attack Flight.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 45 (6): 1033–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006412
- Hemsch, Michael J., and James M. Luckring. 1990. “Connection between Leading-Edge Sweep, Vortex Lift, and Vortex Strength for Delta Wings.” Journal of Aircraft 27. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900048715
- Henkenjohann, Mark, Udo Nolte, Christian Henke, and Ansgar Trächtler. 2023. “Novel Cascaded Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller Approach for a Tiltrotor VTOL.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10156317
- Henkenjohann, Mark, Udo Nolte, Fabian Sion, Christian Henke, and Ansgar Trächtler. 2024. “Parameter Tuning Approach for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Flight Controllers.” Actuators 13 (5): 187. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13050187
- Henriksson, M., and C. Breitholtz. 2004. “Estimation of Thrust and Mass Flow in a Jet Engine.” In Proceedings of the 2004 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications, 2004.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2004.1387216
- Herbst, S., G. Wortmann, and M. Hornung. 2015. “Conceptual Design Studies of Vertical Takeoff and Landing Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems for Hybrid Missions.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 7 (1): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-015-0176-x
- Herfray, Benjamin, and Meyer Nahon. 2024. “Development of a CFD Model of Propeller Slipstream.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10557079
- Herisanu, Nicolae, and Vasile Marinca. 2020. “An Efficient Analytical Approach to Investigate the Dynamics of a Misaligned Multirotor System.” Mathematics 8 (7): 1083. https://doi.org/10.3390/math8071083
- Herisse, B., T. Hamel, R. Mahony, and Francois-Xavier Russotto. 2010. “The Landing Problem of a VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Platform Using Optical Flow.” In 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2010.5652633
- Herissé, B., T. Hamel, R. Mahony, and F-X. Russotto. 2012. “Landing a VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Platform Using Optical Flow.” IEEE Transactions on Robotics 28 (1): 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2011.2163435
- Herisse, B., F.-X. Russotto, T. Hamel, and R. Mahony. 2008. “Hovering Flight and Vertical Landing Control of a VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Optical Flow.” In 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2008.4650731
- Herzog, D., G. Ammon, and C. Stephenson. 1975. “A Laser Precision Hover Sensor for HLH Helicopter.” IEEE Journal of Quantum Electronics 11 (9): 873–74. https://doi.org/10.1109/jqe.1975.1068959
- Hess, Ronald A., and Peter J. Gorder. 1990. “Design and Evaluation of a Cockpit Display for Hovering Flight.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 13. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900046004
- Hess, Tayton, Mumtaz Karatas, and Levent Eriskin. 2024. “A Maximal Covering Approach for Vertiport Location Problem.” In 2024 International Conference on Decision Aid Sciences and Applications (DASA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasa63652.2024.10836496
- Hess, R. A., and P. M. Tran. 1988. “Pilot/vehicle Analysis of a Twin-Lift Helicopter Configuration in Hover.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 11 (5): 465–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20339
- Hijazeen, Salim, Tommy King-Yin Cheung, Zheng Lei, and Jennifer A. Hayward. 2026. “Integrating AAM Vertiport Infrastructure into Australian Airports: A Hybrid Simulation Framework.” Transport Policy 181: 104078. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104078
- Hill, T. Gardner. 1971. “An All Turbofan VTOL or STOL Intercity Transport.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (4): 254–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44264
- Hill, Gary C. 1983. “Piloted Simulation of Hover and Transition of a Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 6 (4): 258–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.19827
- Hirano, Shogo, Kenji Uchiyama, and Kai Masuda. 2019. “Controller Design Using Backstepping Algorithm for Fixed-Wing UAV with Thrust Vectoring System.” In 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2019.8797724
- Hiroyuki Takano, Hidesuke Wada, Takeshi Yamasaki, and Yoriaki Baba. 2007. “Optimal Vertical Maneuvers of the Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring in the Rigid Body Model.” In 2007 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2007.4406676
- Hirsch, D. L., and R. L. McCORMICK. 1966. “Experimental Investigation of Pilot Dynamics in a Pilot-Induced Oscillation Situation.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (6): 567–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43778
- Hladik, P., R. Andoga, L. Fozo, and L. Melnikova. 2020. “Efficiency of BLDC Fuel Pump Controllers of Small Turbojet Engines.” In 2020 New Trends in Aviation Development (NTAD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ntad51447.2020.9379107
- Ho, Hann Woei, Ye Zhou, Yiting Feng, and Guido C. H. E. de Croon. 2024. “Optical Flow-Based Control for Micro Air Vehicles: An Efficient Data-Driven Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Approach.” Autonomous Robots 48 (8): 22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-024-10174-4
- Hockman, Marion T., and Robert E. Eisiminger. 1948. “The Correlation of Wind-Tunnel and Flight-Test Stability and Control Data for an SB2C-1 Airplane.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 15 (1): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.11490
- Hoffler, Keith D., Dhanvada M. Rao, and Mark C. Frassinelli. 1988. “Low-Speed Aerodynamics of Apex Fences on a Tailless Delta Configuration.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (4): 295–301. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45563
- Hoffman, W. C., J. Zvara, A. E. Bryson, and N. D. Ham. 1971. “Automatic Guidance Concept for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (8): 637–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59150
- Hofsäβ, Hannes, and Florian Holzapfel. 2024. “Runtime Monitoring of Flight Control with Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10748693
- Hoh, Roger H., and Irving L. Ashkenas. 1981. “Effect of Reduced Visibility on VTOL Handling Quality and Display Requirements.” Journal of Guidance and Control 4 (2): 171–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56068
- Holsten, J., and D. Moormann. 2014. “Flight Control Law Design Criteria for the Transition Phase for a Tiltwing Aircraft Using Multi-Objective Parameter Synthesis.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 6 (1): 17–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-014-0126-z
- Hong, Je Won, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2018. “Influence of Freestream Velocity on Tilt-Rotor Fountain Effect.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (4): 1742–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034599
- Hong, S. W., and H. C. Curtiss. 1994. “An Analytic Modeling and System Identification Study of Rotor/fuselage Dynamics at Hover.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 19 (3–4): 47–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(94)90056-6
- Hoogeboom, P., M. Joosse, H. Hodgetts, S. Straussberger, and D. Schaefer. n.d. “Does the ‘Silent Cockpit’ Reduce Pilot Workload?” In The 23rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37576), vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2004.1391346
- Hooker, Stanley. 1981. “History of the Pegasus Vectored Thrust Engine.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (5): 322–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44708
- Hoshu, Ayaz Ahmed, Liuping Wang, Shahzeb Ansari, Abdul Sattar, and Manzoor Hyder Alias Bilal. 2022. “System Identification of Heterogeneous Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Drones 6 (10): 309. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6100309
- Hosman, R. J. A. W., and J. C. van der Vaart. 1985. “Laboratory and Moving-Base Simulator Experiments on Speed and Accuracy of Visual and Whole-Body Motion Perception.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18 (10): 335–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)60242-8
- Hou, Zheng, Zongyang Lv, Kai Liu, and Yuhu Wu. 2026. “Integrated Flight-Propulsion Modeling and Nonlinear MPC Design for Thrust-Vectored Aircraft.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control: rnc.70695. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.70695
- Hou, Jiajia, Xinglu Xia, Ding Yang, Ying Wang, Zhichao Jiang, and Jianlin Feng. 2021. “Modeling and Active Disturbance Rejection Controller Design for Longitudinal Attitude of a Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” In 2021 40th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc52363.2021.9549969
- Houlihan, Thomas M., and Charles D. Thompson. 1972. “Jet Impingement under VTOL Aircraft.” AIAA Journal 10 (9): 1179–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.50346
- Howard, Richard M., and Stan J. Miley. 1989. “Time-Dependent Boundary-Layer Response in a Propeller Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 26 (9): 863–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45852
- Hrabovsky, Jan, Rudolf Andoga, and Ladislav Fozo. 2014. “Designing a Digitally Controlled Fuel System for an Experimental Small Turbojet Engine.” In 2014 IEEE 15th International Symposium on Computational Intelligence and Informatics (CINTI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cinti.2014.7028725
- Hreha, M. A., and F. H. Lutze. 1984. “A Dynamic Model for Aircraft Poststall Departure.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (1): 62–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48223
- Hrishikeshavan, Vikram, Moble Benedict, and Inderjit Chopra. 2015. “Identification of Flight Dynamics of a Cylcocopter Micro Air Vehicle in Hover.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (1): 116–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032633
- Hsiao, F. B., P. F. Liang, and C. Y. Huang. 1998. “High-Incidence Airfoil Aerodynamics Improvement by Leading-Edge Oscillating Flap.” Journal of Aircraft 35 (3): 508–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2331
- Hsin, Chen-Chung. 1974. “Arrested Landing Studies for STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 11 (3): 159–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.60342
- Hu, Jiankun, Christian Bohn, and H. R. Wu. 2000. “Systematic H∞ Weighting Function Selection and Its Application to the Real-Time Control of a Vertical Take-off Aircraft.” Control Engineering Practice 8 (3): 241–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0661(99)00157-4
- Hu, Yanpeng, Jin Guo, Pei Ying, Guannan Zeng, and Nanyu Chen. 2022. “Nonlinear Control of a Single Tail Tilt Servomotor Tri-Rotor Ducted VTOL-UAV.” Aerospace 9 (6): 296. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9060296
- Hu, Mingyang, and Lidong He. 2025. “Autonomous UAV Landing on Moving Platforms Based on Differentiable Model Predictive Control and Deep Reinforcement Learning.” In 2025 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac67268.2025.11486857
- Hu, Kaixuan, Wen Li, and Shuang Shi. 2024a. “Fuzzy-Based Adaptive Tracking Control for the Conversion Mode of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2024 39th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac63405.2024.10598456
- Hu, Xiangshuai, Meng Li, Lu Zhang, and Xu Liu. 2025d. “SDR-Based Sequential Convex Programming Method for 6-DoF Landing Trajectory Optimization of Tail-Sitter UAV.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 1213–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.321
- Hu, Botao, Lu Lu, and Sandipan Mishra. 2017. “A Control Architecture for Time-Optimal Landing of a Quadrotor onto a Moving Platform.” Asian Journal of Control 20 (5): 1701–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1693
- Hu, Botao, and Sandipan Mishra. 2017. “A Time-Optimal Trajectory Generation Algorithm for Quadrotor Landing onto a Moving Platform.” In 2017 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2017.7963598
- Hu, Botao, and Sandipan Mishra. 2019. “Time-Optimal Trajectory Generation for Landing a Quadrotor onto a Moving Platform.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 24 (2): 585–96. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2019.2896075
- Hu, Yixin, Guangwei Wen, Wei Qiu, Chao Xu, Li Fan, and Yunhan He. 2025a. “Blown Yaw: A Novel Yaw Control Method for Tail-Sitter Aircraft by Deflected Propeller Wake during Vertical Take-Off and Landing.” Drones 9 (9): 635. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9090635
- Hu, Lijuan, Xufei Yan, and Ye Yuan. 2024b. “Study on the Evaluation Method of Pilot Workload in eVTOL Aircraft Operation.” Heliyon 10 (18): e37970. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e37970
- Hu, Lijuan, Xufei Yan, and Ye Yuan. 2025b. “Development and Challenges of Autonomous Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Heliyon 11 (1): e41055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41055
- Hu, Jiayue, Xin Zhao, Weiguo Zhang, and Wei Huang. 2026a. “Aerodynamic Modeling and VTOL/Hover Dynamics Analysis of a Small-Scale All-Wing Tail-Sitter Solar-Powered UAV with Double Layer Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Aerospace Science and Technology 177: 112212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112212
- Hu-Sheng Wu, Wei-Zong Lu, and Yu-Long Wang. 2015. “Research on the Structure Design and Flight Performance of a Small Tilt Rotor Unmanned Aircraft.” In 2015 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac.2015.7382829
- Hua, Minh-Duc, Tarek Hamel, Pascal Morin, and Claude Samson. 2015. “Control of VTOL Vehicles with Thrust-Tilting Augmentation.” Automatica 52: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2014.10.129
- Hua, Minh-Duc, Tarek Hamel, and Claude Samson. 2014. “Control of VTOL Vehicles with Thrust-Tilting Augmentation.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47 (3): 2237–44. https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.00097
- Huang, Zi, Yunsong Gu, Linkai Li, Zemin Wu, Yuhang Zhou, and Shuai Deng. 2025b. “Trailing-Edge Beveling Effect on Passive Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Jet Deflection Control.” Aerospace 12 (12): 1091. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12121091
- Huang, Zi, Yunsong Gu, Qiuhui Xu, and Linkai Li. 2026d. “Sparse Reconstruction of Pressure Field for Wedge Passive Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Sensors 26 (3): 811. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26030811
- Huang, Zi, Linkai Li, Yunsong Gu, Yu Lei, Zongyuan Zhang, and Zhenjun Peng. 2026c. “On-Board Flow Sensing for Forebody Vortex-Induced Yaw at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038842
- Huang, Rui, Yong Liu, and J. Jim Zhu. 2009. “Guidance, Navigation, and Control System Design for Tripropeller Vertical-Take-Off-and-Landing Unmanned Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (6): 1837–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.34476
- Huang, Jiaoyan, Aiguo Xia, Shenao Zou, Cong Han, and Guoan Yang. 2020. “An Efficient Approach for Identification of the Inlet Distortion of Engine Based on Acoustic Emission Technique.” Applied Sciences 10 (22): 8240. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228240
- Huang, Yingzhi, Ye Zhang, Daan M. Pool, Olaf Stroosma, and Qiping Chu. 2022. “Time-Delay Margin and Robustness of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 45 (2): 394–404. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006024
- Huang, Yuteng, Jianyong Zheng, Chunyi Wang, Yifan Zhao, and Liuying Chen. 2025c. “Trajectory Tracking and Attitude-Constrained Control of a Tilting-Rotor Quadrotor via Linear Model Predictive Control.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icus66297.2025.11295406
- Huang, Yanting, Ming Zhu, Zewei Zheng, and Mir Feroskhan. 2019a. “Fixed-Time Autonomous Shipboard Landing Control of a Helicopter with External Disturbances.” Aerospace Science and Technology 84: 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.07.032
- Huang, Hau-Shiuan, Jie-Tong Zou, Wei-Ching Wang, Yu-An Chen, Bo-Wei Chen, and Jia-Cheng Li. 2026a. “Autonomous Landing Localization for Multirotor UAV Using ArUco Vision Markers.” In 2026 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-taiwan71481.2026.11652444
- Hudati, Imroatul, A. K. Rusdhianto Effendie, and Achmas Jazidie. 2019. “Transition Control on Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) Using Altitude Change.” In 2019 International Seminar on Intelligent Technology and Its Applications (ISITIA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isitia.2019.8937254
- Hugo, Romero, Sergio Salazar, Anand Sanchez, Pedro Castillo, and Rogelio Lozano. 2007. “Modelling and Real-Time Control Stabilization of a New VTOL Aircraft with Eight Rotors.” In 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2007.4399324
- Huh, U. Won, Jeongmin Kim, Daewoon Park, and Kyowon Song. 2026. “UAM Vertiport Location Selection Using XGBoost-Based GIS Data Analysis: A Seoul-Daejeon Case Study.” International Journal of Urban Sciences: 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/12265934.2026.2691194
- Humaidi, Amjad J., Akram Hashim Hameed, and Ibraheem Kasim Ibraheem. 2019. “Design and Performance Study of Two Sliding Mode Backstepping Control Schemes for Roll Channel of Delta Wing Aircraft.” In 2019 6th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit.2019.8820315
- Huo, Mengzhen, Haibin Duan, Delin Luo, and Yin Wang. 2019b. “Parameter Estimation for a VTOL UAV Using Mutant Pigeon Inspired Optimization Algorithm with Dynamic OBL Strategy.” In 2019 IEEE 15th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2019.8899524
- Huo, Junxian, Haojie Liu, Rui Huang, and Xiumin Gao. 2026. “Autonomous Aerial Docking for Compound VTOL UAVs with Thrust Vectoring Rotors.” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 244: 113782. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2025.113782
- Husain, Suha S., Luay T. Rasheed, Rawnaq A. Mahmod, Ekhlas K. Hamza, Noaman M. Noaman, and Amjad Jaleel Humaidi. 2023. “Design of Robust Controller for Tail-Sitter VTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icetas59148.2023.10346499
- Huynh, Chi Kien, Billy Josefsson, Anastasia Lemetti, Valentin Polishchuk, and Leonid Sedov. 2025. “Geometric Vertiport Localization: UAM Procedural Envelopes in a Cityscape.” In 2025 AIAA DATC/IEEE 44th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257220
- Hwang, Je Young, and Oh Joon Kwon. 2019. “Assessment of S-76 Rotor Hover Performance in Ground Effect Using an Unstructured Mixed Mesh Method.” Aerospace Science and Technology 84: 223–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.10.023
- Idan, M., M. Johnson, A. J. Calise, and J. Kaneshige. 2001. “Intelligent Aerodynamic/propulsion Flight Control for Flight Safety: A Nonlinear Adaptive Approach.” In Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference. (Cat. No.01CH37148). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2001.946346
- Ignatyev, Dmitry, and Antonios Tsourdos. 2022. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Sparse Online Gaussian Processes Adaptation for Partially Unknown Systems.” In 2022 30th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med54222.2022.9837175
- Iijima, T., K. Funabiki, and T. Nojima. 2004. “Pilot Workload Assessment Method in a New CNS/ATM Environment.” In 2004 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37583), vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2004.1400739
- Ikami, Tsubasa, Koji Fujita, and Hiroki Nagai. 2021. “Low-Reynolds-Number Flowfield of Wing with Control Surface in Propeller Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (2): 228–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035880
- Ilyas, Muhammad, Awais Khan, Zahoor Ahmed, Dong-Won Jung, and Rayees Khan. 2025. “Altitude Stabilization of VTOL System with Nonlinear Control Strategy.” IEEE Access 13: 41300–41308. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3544133
- Innocenti, M., A. Balluchi, and A. Balestrino. 1997. “New Results on Human Operator Modelling during Nonlinear Behavior in the Control Loop.” In Proceedings of the 1997 American Control Conference (Cat. No.97CH36041). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1997.609258
- Invernizzi, Davide, and Marco Lovera. 2018. “Trajectory Tracking Control of Thrust-Vectoring UAVs.” Automatica 95: 180–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2018.05.024
- Invernizzi, Davide, Marco Lovera, and Luca Zaccarian. 2018. “Geometric Trajectory Tracking with Attitude Planner for Vectored-Thrust VTOL UAVs.” In 2018 Annual American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.2018.8431708
- Invernizzi, Davide, Marco Lovera, and Luca Zaccarian. 2020. “Integral ISS-Based Cascade Stabilization for Vectored-Thrust UAVs.” IEEE Control Systems Letters 4 (1): 43–48. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2019.2921535
- Irmawan, Erwhin, Agus Harjoko, and Andi Dharmawan. 2023. “Model, Control, and Realistic Visual 3D Simulation of VTOL Fixed-Wing Transition Flight Considering Ground Effect.” Drones 7 (5): 330. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7050330
- Ishola, Ademayowa A., James F. Whidborne, and Gilbert Tang. 2024. “An Aircraft-Manipulator System for Virtual Flight Testing of Longitudinal Flight Dynamics.” Robotics 13 (12): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics13120179
- Islam, Shafiqul, Husameldin Mukhtar, and Jorge Dias. 2020. “Image Guided Visual Tracking Control System for Unmanned Multirotor Aerial Vehicle with Uncertainty.” Robotics 9 (4): 103. https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics9040103
- Islam, S. M. Tarikul, Yuanming Xu, Wei Dai, Mehedi Hasan, and Atiqur Rahman. 2026b. “Preliminary Design and Rapid Prototyping Method for a Hybrid VTOL Tilt Tri-Rotor UAV.” Aerospace Science and Technology 178: 113075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113075
- Islas-Narvaez, Emmanuel Alejandro, Jean Fulbert Ituna-Yudonago, Luis Enrique Ramos-Velasco, Mario Alejandro Vega-Navarrete, and Octavio Garcia-Salazar. 2022. “Design and Determination of Aerodynamic Coefficients of a Tail-Sitter Aircraft by Means of CFD Numerical Simulation.” Machines 11 (1): 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11010017
- Iswanto, Oyas Wahyunggoro, and Adha Imam Cahyadi. 2016. “Trajectory and Altitude Controls for Autonomous Hover of a Quadrotor Based on Fuzzy Algorithm.” In 2016 8th International Conference on Information Technology and Electrical Engineering (ICITEE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciteed.2016.7863226
- J. Victor Lebacqz; Edwin W. Aiken. 1978. “Experimental Investigation of Control-Display Requirements for VTOL Instrument Transition.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 1 (4): 261–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55774
- Jabbari Asl, Hamed. 2019. “Robust Vision-Based Tracking Control of VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Automatica 107: 425–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2019.06.004
- Jacobson, Daniel H. 1965. “An Evaluation of Lift Engines in Tactical Vtol Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (5): 424–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43678
- Jadbabaie, Ali, and John Hauser. 2002. “Control of a Thrust-Vectored Flying Wing: A Receding Horizon—LPV Approach.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 12 (9): 869–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.708
- Jafari, Seyyed Reza, Ali Khaki-Sedigh, and Wolfgang Birk. 2022. “Adaptive Multi-Objective Control Allocation with Online Actuator Selection for over-Actuated Systems.” International Journal of Dynamics and Control 11 (3): 1220–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-022-01054-9
- Janetzko, Dominik, Hany Abdelfattah, Jan Baier, Daniel Dollinger, and Michael Zintl. 2025. “Feel the Speed: Supporting Novice eVTOL Pilots in Simplified Vehicle Operations with Haptic Cues.” In 2025 AIAA DATC/IEEE 44th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc66011.2025.11257371
- Janetzko, Dominik, Samira Koch, Maximilian Wechner, and Michael Zintl. 2026. “Can You Fly It? Flight Performance of Novices and System Designers with a Simplified Vehicle Operations Concept.” Cognition, Technology & Work. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-026-00883-4
- Janetzko, Dominik, Susanne Linner, Michael Zintl, Wei-De Hwang Fu, and Klaus Bengler. 2024. “Artificial Haptic Cues as Assistance for Simplified Vehicle Operations in Advanced Air Mobility.” In 2024 IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium (IV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iv55156.2024.10588465
- Jang, Ho-Sang, Se-Yun Hwang, and Jang-Hyun Lee. 2022b. “Numerical Prediction of Convective Heat Flux on the Flight Deck of Naval Vessel Subjected to a High-Speed Jet Flame from VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10 (2): 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10020260
- Jang, Hyeokjae, Sungwon Lim, Soobin Huh, Woohyun Byun, Soohyung Yu, and Woochul Nam. 2026. “Reinforcement Learning for UAV Landing on Aggressively Moving Ground Vehicles.” IEEE Access 14: 61707–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3685659
- Jang, Joonyoung, Miguel Angel Martinez Macias, and Thomas Bewley. 2023. “Camera Image Based Moving Platform Rotation Estimation for Quadrotor Landing.” In 2023 8th International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccre57112.2023.10155600
- Jansen, C. J. 1982. “Non-Gaussian Atmospheric Turbulence Model for Flight Simulator Research.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (5): 374–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57407
- Jayakody, Hiranya, and Jay Katupitiya. 2015. “An Adaptive Variable Structure Control Methodology for Attitude and Position Control of a Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicle.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim.2015.7222672
- Jayaraman, Balaji, and Ajoy Kanti Ghosh. 2021. “Cascaded and Non-Cascaded Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Applied to a Light Aircraft.” In 2021 Australian & New Zealand Control Conference (ANZCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/anzcc53563.2021.9628256
- Jayaraman, Balaji, Dipak Kumar Giri, and Ajoy Kanti Ghosh. 2021. “Attitude Tracking Control of a Light Aircraft Using Classical and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Approaches.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476803
- Jeong, Hoijo, Jinyoung Suk, and Seungkeun Kim. 2024c. “Hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Control of UAV in Urban Wind Environment.” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 22 (12): 3653–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-024-0539-3
- “Jet Engine Exhaust Gas Temperature Measured.” 1957. Journal of the Franklin Institute 264 (4): 300. https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-0032(57)90185-0
- Ji, Chang-ho, Chong-sup Kim, and Byoung-Soo Kim. 2021. “A Hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Improving Flying Qualities of Asymmetric Store Configuration Aircraft.” Aerospace 8 (5): 126. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8050126
- Ji, Honglei, Linghai Lu, Mark D. White, and Renliang Chen. 2022. “Advanced Pilot Modeling for Prediction of Rotorcraft Handling Qualities in Turbulent Wind.” Aerospace Science and Technology 123: 107501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107501
- Jia, Xishuo, Xiaoguang Wang, Shengjun Qi, and Jing Liu. 2025. “Design and Simulation of Transition Mode Control Strategies for Hybrid VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 2025 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Aerospace Engineering (MEAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/meae68077.2025.11558113
- Jian-jian, Wu, Wang Qi, Liu Yang, and Li Zhi-han. 2019. “A Sliding Mode Altitude Flight Control for a Class of Tilting Wing Aircraft in Transition Flight Stage.” In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8866112
- Jiang, Min. 2021. “Binocular Stereo Vision Intelligent Control Framework for the Landing Position of Quadrotor UAV Based on Fuzzy Control.” In 2021 6th International Conference on Communication and Electronics Systems (ICCES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icces51350.2021.9489043
- Jiang, Yun, Daochun Li, Zi Kan, et al. 2025a. “Adaptive Complementary Filter Method for Aircraft Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Control.” In 2025 IEEE 15th International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcc66825.2025.11194350
- Jiang, Yun, Daochun Li, Zi Kan, Zhuoer Yao, and Jinwu Xiang. 2026. “Enhanced Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Aerodynamic Angular Rate Feedback for Autonomous Wing Rock Recovery of a Flying-Wing UAV.” Drones 10 (6): 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10060433
- Jiang, Yu, Zhichao Li, Yasha Wang, and Qingwen Xue. 2025d. “Vertiport Location for eVTOL Considering Multidimensional Demand of Urban Air Mobility: An Application in Beijing.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 192: 104353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2024.104353
- Jiang, Tianhong, Yaolong Liu, and Yao Zheng. 2025c. “Ducted Fan Design for VTOL Aircraft Flight Mission Based on Bayesian Optimization.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (3): 660–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037541
- Jiang, Zihao, Ruitao Ma, Fanghao Lu, et al. 2025b. “Damage Identification of Multirotor UAV Propellers via Unsteady Coupling Association.” Measurement 243: 116364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2024.116364
- Jiang, Jiaqi, Yuhua Qi, Muhammad Ibrahim, Jianan Wang, Chunyan Wang, and Jiayuan Shan. 2018. “Quadrotors’ Low-Cost Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Architecture on a Moving Platform.” In 2018 15th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2018.8581116
- Jiang, Zhiling, and Guanghua Song. 2022. “A Deep Reinforcement Learning Strategy for UAV Autonomous Landing on a Platform.” In 2022 International Conference on Computing, Robotics and System Sciences (ICRSS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrss57469.2022.00031
- Jiang, Yuanqing, Hao Yang, and Bin Jiang. 2014. “Cascade Observer-Based Robust Fault Tolerant Control for Switched Non-Minimum Phase VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6895618
- Jiang, Zifei, Yanwen Yu, and Alan Lynch. 2024b. “Nonlinear Motion Control of a Multirotor Slung Load System: Experimental Results.” In 2024 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc60939.2024.10644606
- Jiang, Yun, and Bo Zhang. 2016a. “Numerical Investigation of Effect of Parameters on Hovering Efficiency of an Annular Lift Fan Aircraft.” Aerospace 3 (4): 35. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace3040035
- Jiang, Yun, and Bo Zhang. 2016b. “Numerical Study of Transition of an Annular Lift Fan Aircraft.” Aerospace 3 (4): 30. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace3040030
- Jiang, Yun, Bo Zhang, and Tao Huang. 2015. “CFD Study of an Annular-Ducted Fan Lift System for VTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace 2 (4): 555–80. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace2040555
- Jiao, Haiyang, and Yanli Yang. 2026. “Data-Driven Energy Efficiency Estimation of Battery Powering Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Ionics 32 (7): 7431–43. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-026-07214-7
- Jiaqiang Zhu, Suofeng Guo, and Jihong Zhu. n.d. “Pseudo Control Compensation Based Neural Network Dynamic Inversion Super Maneuverable Flight Control.” In Fifth World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation (IEEE Cat. No.04EX788), vol. 6. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2004.1343771
- Jiaxin, Hu, Guo Yanning, Feng Zhen, and Guo Yuqing. 2017. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 2017 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac.2017.8243380
- Jie, Bai, and Zeliang Xu. 2024. “Research on over-Speed Protection Control Method for Aircraft Engines Based on Control Barrier Functions.” In 2024 7th International Conference on Advanced Algorithms and Control Engineering (ICAACE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaace61206.2024.10549283
- Jin, Wang, Song Bifeng, Wang Liguang, and Tang Wei. 2015. “L1 Adaptive Dynamic Inversion Controller for an X-Wing Tail-Sitter MAV in Hover Flight.” Procedia Engineering 99: 969–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.629
- Jin, Yuping, and Jun Ma. 2025. “A Strategy-Aware LLM-Based Framework for Vertiport Site Selection in Urban Air Mobility with Ground Transportation Integration.” Smart Cities 8 (6): 202. https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities8060202
- Jin, Zhongyi, Kam K. H. Ng, and Chenliang Zhang. 2024. “Robust Optimisation for Vertiport Location Problem Considering Travel Mode Choice Behaviour in Urban Air Mobility Systems.” Journal of the Air Transport Research Society 2: 100006. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jatrs.2024.100006
- Jin, Shiji, and Wenjie Zhao. 2025. “Temporal-Sequence Offline Reinforcement Learning for Transition Control of a Novel Tilt-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Aerospace 12 (5): 435. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12050435
- Jin, Canya, Zewei Zheng, and Tianyu Feng. 2026. “Nonlinear Disturbance-Estimated Anti-Saturation Adaptive Tracking Control for VTOL Aircraft.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11560486
- Jin Song, Jun Ma, Min Jiang, and Kaiyu Jiang. 2012. “Measurement Based on Machine Vision for Spin Test in Vertical Wind Tunnel.” In 2012 IEEE Symposium on Electrical & Electronics Engineering (EEESYM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/eeesym.2012.6258637
- Jinghe, Hu, Xian Bin, and Jiang Pengzhi. 2024. “Robust Decoupled Geometric Control for the Quadrotor UAV’s Agile Flight via Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2024 43rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc63176.2024.10661589
- Johansen, Tor A., and Daniel Sbarbaro. 2003. “Optimizing Control of over-Actuated Linear Systems with Nonlinear Output Maps via Control Lyapunov Functions.” In 2003 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2003.7084975
- Johnsen, Joshua, Timothy Runnels, Johnathan Burgess, Muwanika Jdiobe, and Kurt Rouser. 2022. “Integration and Flight Test of a 7 kW Turboelectric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aircraft.” Applied Sciences 12 (16): 7961. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12167961
- Johnson, Walter A., and Samuel J. Craig. 1976. “Configuration Management during Transition for a Powered-Lift STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (2): 119–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58640
- Johnson, Chloe, and Jayant Sirohi. 2024. “Low-Order Modeling of Stacked Rotor Performance in Hover.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (5): 1378–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037555
- Johnson, Walter A., and David H. Weir. 1969. “Pilot’s Response to Stability Augmentation System Failures and Implications for Design.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (6): 504–9. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44096
- Johnston, G. W. 1965. “Some Recent Aerodynamic Advances in STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (5): 390–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59246
- Jois, Himavath, Alan S. Hong, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2024. “High-Lift Aerodynamics of Integrated Distributed Propulsion Systems with Thrust Vectoring.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (6): 1686–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037902
- Jones, Michael. 2020. “The Use of the Open-Loop Onset Point (OLOP) to Predict Rotorcraft Pilot-Induced Oscillations.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11 (3): 693–711. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-020-00448-9
- Joppa, Robert G. 1969. “Wall Interference Effects in Wind-Tunnel Testing of STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (3): 209–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44037
- Joshi, Alaukik, Amritanshu Tripathi, and R. N. Ponnalgu. 2019. “Modelling and Design of a Hybrid Aerial Vehicle Combining VTOL Capabilities with Fixed Wing Aircraft.” In 2019 6th International Conference on Instrumentation, Control, and Automation (ICA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ica.2019.8916678
- Ju, Yunpeng, Yalin Zhang, and Guixin Zhu. 2023. “Fuzzy Adaptive Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control for Quadrotor Load UAV Based on Kalman Filter.” IEEE Access 11: 104253–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3317171
- Juanxia, Liu, Lin Qing, and Jiang Yalin. 2023. “Multimode Controller Design and Flight Test for Tailsitter UAV without Elevon.” In 2023 6th International Conference on Electronics Technology (ICET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icet58434.2023.10211671
- Jung, Sunghun. 2024. “Precision Landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle under Wind Disturbance Using Derivative Sliding Mode Nonlinear Disturbance Observer-Based Control Method.” Aerospace 11 (4): 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040265
- Jung, Youeyun, Hyochoong Bang, and Dongjin Lee. 2015b. “Robust Marker Tracking Algorithm for Precise UAV Vision-Based Autonomous Landing.” In 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2015.7364957
- Jung, Wooyoung, Youngjoo Kim, and Hyochoong Bang. 2016. “Target State Estimation for Vision-Based Landing on a Moving Ground Target.” In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2016.7502552
- Jung, Yong Su, Bumseok Lee, and James Baeder. 2025. “Prediction of Hover Validation and Acoustic Baseline Hovering Rotor Performance and Ground Effect Using Mercury Framework.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (5): 1089–1101. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038132
- Jung, Youeyun, Dongjin Lee, and Hyochoong Bang. 2014. “Study on Ellipse Fitting Problem for Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of an UAV.” In 2014 14th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS 2014). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2014.6987819
- Jung, Youeyun, Dongjin Lee, and Hyochoong Bang. 2015a. “Close-Range Vision Navigation and Guidance for Rotary UAV Autonomous Landing.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Automation Science and Engineering (CASE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/coase.2015.7294102
- Kaballo, Eliav, and Shai Arogeti. 2024. “Simple Interpolating Control with Non-Symmetric Input Constraints for a Tilt- Rotor UAV.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10556925
- Kabganian, Masoud, and Seyed M. Hashemi. 2025. “MDO of Robotic Landing Gear Systems: A Hybrid Belt-Driven Compliant Mechanism for VTOL Drones Application.” Drones 9 (6): 434. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9060434
- Kahn, Joel F. 1968. “V/STOL Airline System Simulation.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (3): 306–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43943
- Kahvecioglu, Ahmet Caner, and Nafiz Alemdaroglu. 2015. “Optimal Design of a Miniature Quad Tilt Rotor UAV.” In 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2015.7152404
- Kai, Jean-Marie. 2024. “Full-Envelope Flight Control for Compound Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 47 (8): 1569–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g007917
- Kaijun, Liao, and Wang Fawei. 2017. “The Optimal Aiming Maneuver Control of an Aerodynamic/thrust Vector Control Aircraft.” In 2017 IEEE 2nd Information Technology, Networking, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (ITNEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/itnec.2017.8284970
- Kakaletsis, Efstratios, Charalampos Symeonidis, Maria Tzelepi, et al. 2021. “Computer Vision for Autonomous UAV Flight Safety: An Overview and a Vision-Based Safe Landing Pipeline Example.” ACM Computing Surveys 54 (9): 1–37. https://doi.org/10.1145/3472288
- Kakillioglu, Burak, and Senem Velipasalar. 2016. “Autonomous Altitude Measurement and Landing Area Detection for Indoor UAV Applications.” In 2016 13th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/avss.2016.7738069
- Kalra, Tarandeep S., and James D. Baeder. 2017. “Modeling Subscale Rotor Wake in Ground Effect with Accurate Turbulent Length Scales.” AIAA Journal 55 (9): 3085–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j055647
- Kamal, Ashraf M., and Alex Ramirez-Serrano. 2019. “Generalized Sizing Methodology for Hybrid Aircraft Using Integrated Performance Constraints.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 2083–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035114
- Kamath, Archit Krishna, Anush Kumar Sivakumar, and Mir Feroskhan. 2025. “Monotonically Weighted Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Dynamics-Driven Visual Servoing of an over-Actuated Quadrotor.” In 2025 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas65942.2025.11007914
- Kandath, Harikumar, Mohamad Abdul Hady, Mahardhika Pratama, and Ng Bing Feng. 2019. “Robust Evolving Neuro-Fuzzy Control of a Novel Tilt-Rotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fuzz-ieee.2019.8858923
- Kang, Hyeong Yeop, and Woo Young Choi. 2025. “Robust 6-DOF Motion Platform Control for UAV Landing Shock Mitigation via Sliding Mode Control Approach.” In 2025 25th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas66577.2025.11301200
- Kang, Hee Jung, and Oh Joon Kwon. 2001. “Effect of Wake Adaptation on Rotor Hover Simulations Using Unstructured Meshes.” Journal of Aircraft 38 (5): 868–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2846
- Kang, Namuk, Linghai Lu, and James Whidborne. 2025a. “Energy Optimization Strategies for Automatic Tiltrotor Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 48 (5): 1196–1200. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008466
- Kannan, N., and M. Seetharama Bhat. 2005. “Longitudinal Hinfinity Stability Augmentation System for a Thrust Vectored Unmanned Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 28 (6): 1240–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.12821
- Kannan, Harinee, Karishma Patnaik, and Wenlong Zhang. 2025. “Reinforcement Learning-Based Hover Control of a Quadrotor with Model Reference Adaptation.” In 2025 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107552
- Kapetanović, Nadir, Martin Oreč, Nikola Mišković, and Fausto Ferreira. 2022. “Landing Platform for Autonomous Inspection Missions in Mariculture Using an ASV and a UAV.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (31): 130–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.10.420
- Kassapakis, E. G., and K. Warwick. 1994. “Predictive Algorithm for the Roll Control Autopilot of a Jet Fighter Aircraft.” International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 8 (4): 359–68. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.4480080405
- Katz, Joseph, and Brian Maskew. 1988. “Unsteady Low-Speed Aerodynamic Model for Complete Aircraft Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (4): 302–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45564
- Kaul, Upender K., and Jasim Ahmad. 2012. “Skin-Friction Predictions on a Hovering Tilt-Rotor Blade.” Journal of Aircraft 49 (6): 1726–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031401
- Kawachi, Keiji. 1982. “Extension of Local Momentum Theory to Hovering Rotor with Distorted Wake.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (7): 538–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44771
- Kawaguchi, Jun’ichiro, Tetsujiro Ninomiya, and Yoshikazu Miyazawa. 2011. “Stochastic Approach to Robust Flight Control Design Using Hierarchy-Structured Dynamic Inversion.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 34 (5): 1573–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.53257
- Kaya, Mehmet Fatih. 2026. “Mission Profile Based Electrochemical-Thermal Battery Modeling for Vertical Take-off and Landing Aerial Vehicles.” Journal of Energy Storage 176: 123342. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.123342
- Kazan, E., and J. Krause. 1968. “Comparative Analysis of Effects of Hover Control Concept on V/STOL Aircraft Size.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (4): 387–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43955
- Kazemi, Mohammad Hossein, and Reza Tarighi. 2024. “PID-Based Attitude Control of Quadrotor Using Robust Pole Assignment and LPV Modeling.” International Journal of Dynamics and Control 12 (7): 2385–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40435-023-01372-6
- Ke, Yijie, and Ben M. Chen. 2017. “Full Envelope Dynamics Modeling and Simulation for Tail-Sitter Hybrid UAVs.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027691
- Ke, Yijie, Kangli Wang, Kehong Gong, Shupeng Lai, and Ben M. Chen. 2017. “Model Based Robust Forward Transition Control for Tail-Sitter Hybrid Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2017.8003167
- Keipour, Azarakhsh, Guilherme A. S. Pereira, Rogerio Bonatti, et al. 2022. “Visual Servoing Approach to Autonomous UAV Landing on a Moving Vehicle.” Sensors 22 (17): 6549. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22176549
- Kelley, Henry J., Eugene M. Cliff, and Leon Lefton. 1982. “Thrust-Vectored Differential Turns.” Automatica 18 (5): 565–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(82)90006-1
- Kemp, E. D. G. 1969. “Studies of Exhaust-Gas Recirculation for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (2): 102–8. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44015
- Kentfield, J. A. C. 1967. “Nozzles for Jet-Lift V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (4): 283–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43836
- Kentfield, J. A. C. 1975a. “Comment on ‘Advanced Technology Thrust Vectoring Exhaust Systems’.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (8): 690–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44486
- Kentfield, J. A. C. 1975b. “Slide-Valve-Controlled Vectoring Nozzle.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (8): 685–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44483
- Kentfield, J. A. C. 1992. “The Delta-Wing Bladed Rotor Concept.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 39 (1–3): 405–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(92)90564-q
- Key, David L. 1982. “Handling Qualities Specifications for U.S. Military Helicopters.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (2): 138–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57366
- Khan, Waqas, and Meyer Nahon. 2014. “Improvement and Validation of a Propeller Slipstream Model for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842326
- Khan, Waqas, and Meyer Nahon. 2015. “Development and Validation of a Propeller Slipstream Model for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (6): 1985–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033118
- Kharchenko, V. P., N. S. Kuzmenko, and I. V. Ostroumov. 2017. “Identification of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Flight Situation.” In 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference Actual Problems of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Developments (APUAVD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/apuavd.2017.8308789
- Khelassi, Ahmed, Philippe Weber, and Didier Theilliol. 2010b. “Reconfigurable Control Design for over-Actuated Systems Based on Reliability Indicators.” In 2010 Conference on Control and Fault-Tolerant Systems (SysTol). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/systol.2010.5675957
- Kholosi, Hazem, Metehan Yayla, Halil Ersin Söken, and Aykut Kutlu. 2026. “Adaptive VTOL Landing Scheduling on Moving Marine Platforms Using Predictive Planning and Tau-Based Descent Refinement.” Ocean Engineering 368: 128335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2026.128335
- Khoo, Eugene Aik Min, and Kee Yong Lim. 2004. “Verifying the Field of View Afforded to the Pilot Due to Cockpit Design, Stature, and Aerodrome Design Parameters.” In Computer Human Interaction. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-27795-8_62
- Khoo, Suiyang, Michael Norton, Jayanth Jaya Kumar, et al. 2017. “Robust Control of Novel Thrust Vectored 3D Printed Multicopter.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027525
- Kieß, Alexander, Joachim Siegel, Eskil Jonas Nussbaumer, and Andreas Strohmayer. 2026. “Steps towards the Validation of the Simplified Automated Approach for a Preliminary Safety Assessment via Scaled Flight Testing.” Aerospace 13 (4): 343. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13040343
- Kikuhara, Shizuo, and Koichi Tokuda. 1966. “A New STOL Flying Boat Design.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (5): 462–69. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43762
- Kikumoto, Chihiro, Takateru Urakubo, Kohtaro Sabe, and Yuichi Hazama. 2022. “Back-Transition Control with Large Deceleration for a Dual Propulsion VTOL UAV Based on Its Maneuverability.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 7 (4): 11697–11704. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2022.3205450
- Kikumoto, Chihiro, Takateru Urakubo, Kohtaro Sabe, and Yuichi Hazama. 2026. “Analysis and Enhancement of Steady Climb Performance with Control Input Redundancy for a Dual-Propulsion VTOL UAV.” Aerospace 13 (4): 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13040316
- Kim, Jin H., S. Andrew Gadsden, and Stephen A. Wilkerson. 2016. “Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Controller for Longitudinal Rotation Control of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2016 24th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2016.7536004
- Kim, Taegyun, Hoijo Jeaong, Seongyoung Kim, et al. 2023a. “Design and Flight Testing of the Ducted-Fan UAV Flight Array System.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 107 (3): 32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-023-01821-6
- Kim, JeongWoon, Yeondeuk Jung, Dasol Lee, and David Hyunchul Shim. 2014b. “Outdoor Autonomous Landing on a Moving Platform for Quadrotors Using an Omnidirectional Camera.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842381
- Kim, Jinhyun, Min-Sung Kang, and Sangdeok Park. 2009. “Accurate Modeling and Robust Hovering Control for a Quad–rotor VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems 57 (1–4): 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9369-z
- Kim, Lamsu, and Jeong I. Kim. 2024. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamics Inversion Control with Nonlinear Disturbance Observer Augmentation for Flight Dynamics.” Applied Sciences 14 (22): 10615. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210615
- Kim, Jeong-Gon, Soomin Kim, Dohyun Choi, Joohyun Park, and Ho-Kyung Kim. 2024a. “Conceptual Design of Floating Vertiport Anchored with Taut Mooring Lines.” International Journal of Steel Structures 24 (6): 1463–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13296-024-00920-w
- Kim, Junha, Changhyeon Kim, and H. Jin Kim. 2019. “Relative Pose Estimator Based on Semi-Dense Homography for UAV Landing on Moving Target Using Monocular Camera.” In 2019 19th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas47443.2019.8971532
- Kim, H. Jin, Mingu Kim, Hyon Lim, et al. 2013. “Fully Autonomous Vision-Based Net-Recovery Landing System for a Fixed-Wing UAV.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 18 (4): 1320–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2013.2247411
- Kim, J. M., and N. M. Komerath. 1995. “Summary of the Interaction of a Rotor Wake with a Circular Cylinder.” AIAA Journal 33 (3): 470–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.12600
- Kim, ChanYoung, EungChang Mason Lee, JunHo Choi, JinWoo Jeon, SeokTae Kim, and Hyun Myung. 2021. “ROLAND: Robust Landing of UAV on Moving Platform Using Object Detection and UWB Based Extended Kalman Filter.” In 2021 21st International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas52745.2021.9649920
- Kim, Jinrae, Hanna Lee, Donghyeon Ko, and Youdan Kim. 2023e. “VTOL Aircraft Optimal Gain Prediction via Parameterized Log-Sum-Exp Networks.” In 2023 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc57647.2023.10178276
- Kim, Lamsu, Hosun Lee, Jayden Dongwo Lee, and Hyochoong Bang. 2026. “Gaussian Process-Driven Incremental Flight Dynamics Control and Center of Gravity Adjustment for Tailsitter UAVs.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 112 (2): 44. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-026-02350-8
- Kim, Yongrae, and Sanghyuk Park. 2025. “VTOL Air Vehicle with Fixed-Inclined Rotors and a Rudder Vane.” Journal of Field Robotics 42 (7): 3832–52. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.22604
- Kim, Shinhyung, Opayemi Alaba Philip, Abera Tullu, and Sunghun Jung. 2023b. “Development and Verification of a ROS-Based Multi-DOF Flight Test System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” IEEE Access 11: 37068–81. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2023.3267128
- Kim, Woo-Yul, Santhosh Senguttuvan, and Sung-Min Kim. 2020. “Effect of Rotor Spacing and Duct Diffusion Angle on the Aerodynamic Performances of a Counter-Rotating Ducted Fan in Hover Mode.” Processes 8 (11): 1338. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111338
- Kish, Brian A., Stephen Sullivan, Isaac Silver, Markus Wilde, and Brooke Wheeler. 2021. “Using an Autopilot System for Simplified Vehicle Operations in General Aviation.” In 2021 IEEE Aerospace Conference (50100). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero50100.2021.9438443
- Kishore, W. C. Arun, Siddhartha Sen, and Gosaidas Ray. 2006. “Disturbance Rejection and Control Allocation of over-Actuated Systems H.” In 2006 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Technology. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icit.2006.372287
- Kissai, Moad, Bruno Monsuez, Didier Martinez, Xavier Mouton, and Adriana Tapus. 2019b. “Robust Control for over-Actuated Vehicles.” In 2019 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2019.8920395
- Kissai, Moad, Xavier Mouton, Bruno Monsuez, and Adriana Tapus. 2019a. “Extensible Control Architecture for over-Actuated Vehicles.” In 2019 19th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas47443.2019.8971522
- Klemstein, G., and C. H. Liu. 1972. “Application of Airfoil Theory for Nonuniform Streams to Wing Propeller Interaction.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (2): 137–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44327
- Klute, Sandra M., Othon K. Rediniotis, and Demetri P. Telionis. 1996. “Flow Control over a Maneuvering Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” AIAA Journal 34 (4): 662–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.13125
- Klyde, David H., Duane T. McRuer, and Thomas T. Myers. 1997. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Analysis and Prediction with Actuator Rate Limiting.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 20 (1): 81–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3998
- Klyde, David H., P. Chase Schulze, Ricardo Souza Ferreira de Mello, et al. 2020a. “Assessment of a Scalogram-Based Pilot-Induced Oscillation Metric with Flight-Test and Simulation Data.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (11): 2058–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004981
- Knobel, Christian, Alfred Pruckner, and Tilman Bünte. 2006. “OPTIMIZED FORCE ALLOCATION: A General Approach to Control and to Investigate the Motion of over-Actuated Vehicles.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39 (16): 366–71. https://doi.org/10.3182/20060912-3-de-2911.00065
- Knott, P. G. 1978. “V/STOL Aerodynamic Testing Techniques at British Aircraft Corporation.” Journal of Aircraft 15 (6): 339–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58367
- Ko, Jeongwoo, and Soogab Lee. 2023. “Quantification of Wake Interaction Effects on Multi-Rotor Configurations in Forward Flight.” Aerospace Science and Technology 135: 108188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108188
- KoÇAk, Göktuğ, and Mehmet Metin Yavuz. 2023. “Aerodynamics of Non-Slender Delta and Reverse Delta Wings: Wing Thickness, Anhedral Angle and Cropping Ratio.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (4): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.06.015
- Kocer, Basaran Bahadir, Tegoeh Tjahjowidodo, and Gerald Gim Lee Seet. 2018. “Centralized Predictive Ceiling Interaction Control of Quadrotor VTOL UAV.” Aerospace Science and Technology 76: 455–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.02.020
- Koch, Christopher. 2026. “Unsteady, Motion-Induced Aerodynamic Interaction on a Propeller–Wing System.” AIAA Journal: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j066617
- Kohno, Satoshi, and Kenji Uchiyama. 2014. “Design of Robust Controller of Fixed-Wing UAV for Transition Flight.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842364
- Komerath, N. M., J. M. Kim, and S. G. Liou. 1993. “Rotor Wake Interaction with Separated Flow.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 18 (3–4): 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(93)90105-8
- Kondoleon, Spero A. 1968. “Reliability with STOL.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (5): 443–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43964
- Kong, Ming, Bin Pei, Qi Liu, Yan Qiao, and Yong Xu. 2025. “Dynamics and Reliability Design of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft with Nonlinearity and Stochasticity.” AIAA Journal 63 (10): 4085–4104. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j065364
- Kong, Weiwei, Daibing Zhang, and Jianwei Zhang. 2015. “A Ground-Based Multi-Sensor System for Autonomous Landing of a Fixed Wing UAV.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robio.2015.7418951
- König, Eva, Nicolai Voget, Max Hartmann, and Dieter Moormann. 2025. “Automatic Identification of Safety Landing Points for VTOL UAVs Using Geodata.” In 2025 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas65942.2025.11007811
- Konishi, Nobukatsu, Hiroshi Fujimoto, Yasumasa Watanabe, Kojiro Suzuki, Hiroshi Kobayashi, and Akira Nishizawa. 2015. “Lift Control of Electric Airplanes by Using Propeller Slipstream for Safe Landing.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmech.2015.7083998
- Koo, Soyeon, Seungkeun Kim, and Jinyoung Suk. 2015. “Model Predictive Control for UAV Automatic Landing on Moving Carrier Deck with Heave Motion.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 48 (5): 59–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2015.06.464
- Kotansky, D. R., and W. W. Bower. 1978. “A Basic Study of the VTOL Ground Effect Problem for Planar Flow.” Journal of Aircraft 15 (4): 214–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58344
- Kou, Peng, Jing Wang, and Deliang Liang. 2021. “Powered Yaw Control for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft: A Model Predictive Control Approach.” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 7 (4): 3006–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2021.3068724
- Kou, Peng, Yuanhang Zhang, Zhihao Zhang, and Deliang Liang. 2023. “Optimal Arrangement of Electric Motors for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Using Generalized Benders Decomposition.” In 2023 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce53617.2023.10362151
- Kownacki, Cezary, Leszek Ambroziak, Maciej Ciężkowski, et al. 2023. “Precision Landing Tests of Tethered Multicopter and VTOL UAV on Moving Landing Pad on a Lake.” Sensors 23 (4): 2016. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23042016
- Krammer, Christoph, Markus Rosenbauer, and Florian Holzapfel. 2022. “Flight Guidance for Vision-Augmented Automatic Landing of Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Vehicles.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (22): 248–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.03.042
- Krenkel, A. R., and A. Salzman. 1968. “Takeoff Performance of Jet-Propelled Conventional and Vectored-Thrust STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (5): 429–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43962
- Krenz, D., D. Colvin, S. Miyashiro, and F. Morris. 1979. “Evaluation of an FM/CW Range Measurement System for VTOL Landing.” In OCEANS ‘79. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1979.1151327
- Krimphove, Johannes, Marten Schütt, Patrick Osterloh, and Dieter Moormann. 2023. “Trimmed Flight States of an over-Actuated Tilt-Wing Aircraft for Linear Controller Synthesis.” In 2023 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta54093.2023.10252262
- Krishnamurthy, P., and F. Khorrami. 2011. “Adaptive Backstepping and θ-D Based Controllers for a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2011 19th Mediterranean Conference on Control & Automation (MED). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2011.5983085
- Krishnan, Ashwin, Arjun Krishnan, John Kearney, Mark Costello, and Ari Glezer. 2020. “Aero-Driven Bleed-Air Applied to Roll Control.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (4): 652–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035680
- Krishnaswamy, K., G. Papageorgiou, S. Glavaski, and A. Papachristodoulou. 2005. “Analysis of Aircraft Pitch Axis Stability Augmentation System Using Sum of Squares Optimization.” In Proceedings of the 2005, American Control Conference, 2005.. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2005.1470177
- Król, Dariusz, and Jarosław Gołaszewski. 2011. “A Simulation Study of a Helicopter in Hover Subjected to Air Blasts.” In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2011.6084035
- Krosche, Martin, and Wolfgang Heinze. 2015. “Robustness Analysis of an Aircraft Design for Short Takeoff and Landing.” Journal of Aircraft 52 (4): 1235–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032876
- Kshitij, Mohd Areeb Fakhar, and Neelesh Kumar Gupta. 2023. “Performance Enhancement Using Hybrid VTOL UAV.” In 2023 International Conference on Sustainable Emerging Innovations in Engineering and Technology (ICSEIET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icseiet58677.2023.10303571
- Kuang, MinChi, and JiHong Zhu. 2015. “Hover Control of a Thrust-Vectoring Aircraft.” Science China Information Sciences 58 (7): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-015-5353-3
- Kuang, Minchi, Jihong Zhu, Wufan Wang, and Yunfei Tang. 2017. “Flight Controller Design and Demonstration of a Thrust-Vectored Tailsitter.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989605
- Kubo, Daisuke, and Shinji Suzuki. 2008a. “Robust Optimal Autopilot Design for a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Aerospace Computing, Information, and Communication 5 (5): 135–54. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.33514
- Kubo, Daisuke, and Shinji Suzuki. 2008b. “Tail-Sitter Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle: Transitional Flight Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (1): 292–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.30122
- Kuhlman, J. M., and R. W. Warcup. 1978. “Effects of Jet Decay Rate Jet-Induced Loads on a Flat on Plate.” Journal of Aircraft 15 (5): 293–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58358
- Kuhlman, John M., and Ronald W. Warcup. 1980. “Jet Decay Rate Effects on Hover Jet-Induced Loads.” Journal of Aircraft 17 (8): 605–7. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44675
- Kuhn, R. E. 1982. “Design Concepts for Minimizing Hot-Gas Ingestion in V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (10): 845–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.61567
- Kukreti, Sarthak, Manish Kumar, and Kelly Cohen. 2016. “Genetically Tuned LQR Based Path Following for UAVs under Wind Disturbance.” In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2016.7502620
- Kumar, P. S. V. S. Sai, and Radhakant Padhi. 2024. “Minimum Jerk Guidance for Autonomous Soft-Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Platform.” In 2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10821656
- Kumar, Brijesh, and S. Pradeep. 2007. “Proposal to Use Reaction Jets for Variable Stability Airplanes.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (6): 2060–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.25040
- Kumar, Pushkar, Amit Shukla, Darshankumar Prajapati, Ankit Mehra, and Ashish Rana. 2024b. “Modeling and Validation of a Single-Axis Tilting Quadrotor with Enhanced Attitude Control.” In 2024 4th International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Artificial Intelligence (RAAI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/raai64504.2024.10949562
- Kumon, Makoto, Hugh Cover, and Jayantha Katupitiya. 2010. “Hovering Control of Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicles.” In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2010.5509917
- Kumon, Makoto, Jayantha Katupitiya, and Ikuro Mizumoto. 2011. “Robust Attitude Control of Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicles.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44 (1): 2607–13. https://doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.03445
- Kung, Chien-Chung, and Ciann-Dong Yang. 2003. “Nonlinear H ∞ Helicopter Hovering Control and Implementation Using CSIA.” In 2003 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2003.7085303
- Kuo, C. -H., and D. -C. Lin. 1996. “Non-Uniform Recovery of Vortex Breakdown over Delta Wing in Response to Blowing along Vortex Core.” Experiments in Fluids 22 (1): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01893304
- Kurosaki, Masahiro. 1978. “Optimal Washout for Control of a Moving Base Simulator.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 11 (1): 1311–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)66089-0
- Kutney, J. T. 1966. “Propulsion System Development for V/STOL TRANSPORTS.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (6): 489–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43767
- Kwak, Junyoung, Sangwoong Lee, Junsoo Baek, and Baeksuk Chu. 2022. “Autonomous UAV Target Tracking and Safe Landing on a Leveling Mobile Platform.” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing 23 (3): 305–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12541-021-00617-8
- Kwon, Geonwoo, and Hyunseok Yang. 2026. “Pre-Flight CoM Offset Identification and Compensation for Stable Multirotor Take-Off.” IEEE Access 14: 152942–77. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3737145
- L’Ecuyer, M. R., J. J. Morrison, and W. E. Mallett. 1971. “Correlation of Turbofan Engine Thrust Performance with Comnound Nozzle Flow Theorv.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (7): 510–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59131
- Ladosz, Pawel, Meraj Mammadov, Heejung Shin, Woojae Shin, and Hyondong Oh. 2024. “Autonomous Landing on a Moving Platform Using Vision-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 9 (5): 4575–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2024.3379837
- Laghrib, Fatima, Yasmina Maïzi, and Jean-Marc Frayret. 2024. “Analysis and Classification of eVTOL and Vertiport Literature: Gaps and Future Research Directions.” In 2024 International Conference on Smart-Digital-Green Technologies and Artificial Intelligence Sciences (CSDGAIS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/csdgais64098.2024.11063662
- Lai, Ying-Chih, and Quang Le Tri. 2017. “System Identification and Control of a Small Unmanned Helicopter at Hover Mode.” In 2017 2nd International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccre.2017.7935049
- Laiping, Zhang, Zhao Zhongliang, Ma Rong, et al. 2020. “Validation of Numerical Virtual Flight System with Wind-Tunnel Virtual Flight Testing.” AIAA Journal 58 (4): 1566–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j058553
- Lake, R. C., M. W. Nixon, M. L. Wilbur, J. D. Singleton, and P. H. Mirick. 1994. “Demonstration of an Elastically Coupled Twist Control Concept for Tilt Rotor Blade Application.” AIAA Journal 32 (7). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950036583
- Lakshminarayan, Vinod, Jayanarayanan Sitaraman, and Andrew Wissink. 2019. “Sensitivity of Rotorcraft Hover Predictions to Mesh Resolution in Strand Grid Framework.” AIAA Journal 57 (8): 3173–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j056571
- Lamont, Peter J., and Andrew Kennaugh. 1991. “Total Incidence Plane Aerodynamics: The Key to Understanding High Incidence Flight Dynamics?” Journal of Aircraft 28 (7): 431–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46045
- Lan, C. Edward. 1975. “Wing-Slipstream Interaction with Mach Number Nonuniformity.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (10): 759–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59868
- Lan, Ziqi, Min Zhong, Yue Xu, Yuhang Wang, Haitao Zhu, and Yan Li. 2026. “Study on the Influence of Distributed Propeller Slipstream Effects Considering Lift-Enhancing Characteristics.” Aerospace Research Communications 4: 16179. https://doi.org/10.3389/arc.2026.16179
- Lang, Jinxi, Yan Li, Yuqing Qiu, and Zhong Wang. 2024. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Coaxial Compound Helicopter.” In 2024 36th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc62350.2024.10587543
- Larson, Erik S. 1984. “Aerodynamics of Very Slender Rectangular Wing Bodies to High Incidence.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (1): 50–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48221
- Laskowitz, I. B. 1961. “Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Rotorless Aircraft with Inherent Stability.” Transactions of the New York Academy of Sciences 23 (3 Series II): 198–198. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2164-0947.1961.tb03113.x
- Laskowitz, I. B. 1963. “Design for a Jet Lift and Thrust VTOL Aircraft with Inherent Stability.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 107 (1): 355–68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13286.x
- Latif, Zohaib, Amir Shahzad, Aamer Iqbal Bhatti, James Ferris Whidborne, and Raza Samar. 2022. “Autonomous Landing of an UAV Using H∞ Based Model Predictive Control.” Drones 6 (12): 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6120416
- Lavi, R. 1967a. “An Experimental Investigation of VTOL Lift- Engine Inlet.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (2): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43808
- Le Bras, Florent, Tarek Hamel, and Robert Mahony. 2007. “Nonlinear Observer-Based Visual Control of a VTOL UAV.” In 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068475
- Lebacqz, J. V., and R. C. Radford. 1979. “Experimental Investigation of Control-Display Requirements for a Jet-Lift VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance and Control 2 (6): 479–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55912
- Lebacqz, J. V., and B. C. Scott. 1985. “Ground-Simulation Investigation of VTOL Airworthiness Criteria for Terminal Area Operations.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 8 (6): 761–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20052
- Lebedev, Igor, Aleksei Erashov, and Aleksandra Shabanova. 2020. “Accurate Autonomous UAV Landing Using Vision-Based Detection of ArUco-Marker.” In Interactive Collaborative Robotics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60337-3_18
- Ledegang, W. D., E. L. Groen, and M. Wentink. 2012. “Pilot Performance in Centrifuge-Based Simulation of Unusual Attitude Recovery.” Journal of Aircraft 49 (4): 1161–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031629
- Lee, Elizabeth M., and John T. Batina. 1991. “Conical Euler Simulation of Wing Rock for a Delta Wing Planform.” Journal of Aircraft 28 (1): 94–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45996
- Lee, Jaewon, Sanghyun Chae, Sejong Oh, and Kwanjung Yee. 2010. “Parametric Study for Hovering Performance of a Coaxial Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 47 (5): 1517–30. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.46460
- Lee, Seungcheol, Seokbong Chae, Seong Yong Woo, Jaesung Jang, and Jooha Kim. 2021. “Effects of Rotor-Rotor Interaction on the Wake Structure and Thrust Generation of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” IEEE Access 9: 85995–86016. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3088150
- Lee, Hsing-Juin, and Cheng-Yi Chiou. 1994. “Aircraft Landing Gear Positioning Concerning Abnormal Landing Cases.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (2): 446–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46508
- Lee, Sangheon, Wonmo Chung, and Hungsun Son. 2022b. “Online Parameter Identification Framework for a Multirotor UAV: Application to an Arm Stretchable Morphing Multirotor.” Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing 166: 108468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymssp.2021.108468
- Lee, Jaekyun, Uwon Huh, Peng Wei, and Kyowon Song. 2025a. “Efficient Urban Air Mobility Vertiport Operational Plans Considering on-Ground Traffic Environment.” Sustainability 17 (11): 5054. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17115054
- Lee, Hanseob, Seokwoo Jung, and David Hyunchul Shim. 2016. “Vision-Based UAV Landing on the Moving Vehicle.” In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2016.7502574
- Lee, Young-Ki, and Heuy-Dong Kim. 2004a. “Vortical Flows over a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” KSME International Journal 18 (6): 1042–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02990877
- Lee, Young-Ki, and Heuy-Dong Kim. 2004b. “Vortical Flows over a LEX-Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” KSME International Journal 18 (12): 2273–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02990232
- Lee, Dongjae, and H. Jin Kim. 2024b. “Saturated RISE Control for Considering Rotor Thrust Saturation of Fully Actuated Multirotor.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10557062
- Lee, Y. I., B. Kouvaritakis, and M. Cannon. 2001. “Constrained Nonlinear Receding Horizon Control and Its Application to a Thrust Vectored Aircraft.” In ISIE 2001. 2001 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics Proceedings (Cat. No.01TH8570), vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2001.931647
- Lee, Pai-Hung, and C. Edward Lan. 1992. “Effect of Thrust Vectoring on Level-Turn Performance.” Journal of Aircraft 29 (3): 509–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46191
- Lee, Myeong Kyu, and In Lee. 2013. “Performance Enhancement of Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Nacelle-Fixed Auxiliary Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (1): 319–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031896
- Lee, Jiwon, Hanna Lee, Seungkeun Kim, and Youdan Kim. 2026b. “Corridor-Based Optimal Transition Control Design for Lift+Cruise VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 62: 14177–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3714382
- Lee, Donguk, Daejin Lim, and Kwanjung Yee. 2022a. “Generic Design Methodology for Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft with Hybrid-Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (2): 278–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036214
- Lee, Dong-Chan, and M. G. Nagati. 2004. “Momentum Vector Control for Spin Recovery.” Journal of Aircraft 41 (6): 1414–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.4334
- Lee, Yu-Been, and Jae-Sang Park. 2022. “Hover Performance Analyses of Coaxial Co-Rotating Rotors for eVTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace 9 (3): 152. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9030152
- Lee, Daewon, Tyler Ryan, and H. Jin. Kim. 2012b. “Autonomous Landing of a VTOL UAV on a Moving Platform Using Image-Based Visual Servoing.” In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2012.6224828
- Lee, Donguk, and Kwanjung Yee. 2024. “Novel Electric Propulsion System Analysis Method for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Conceptual Design.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (2): 375–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037225
- Lei, Yao, Zhicheng Feng, and Chensong Ma. 2023. “Aerodynamic Performance of V8 Octorotor MAV with Different Rotor Configurations in Hover.” Machines 11 (4): 429. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11040429
- Lei, Yao, Yuhui Huang, and Hengda Wang. 2020b. “Aerodynamic Performance of an Octorotor SUAV with Different Rotor Spacing in Hover.” Processes 8 (11): 1364. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111364
- Lei, Yao, Yiyong Huang, and Hengda Wang. 2021b. “Effects of Wind Disturbance on the Aerodynamic Performance of a Quadrotor MAV during Hovering.” Journal of Sensors 2021 (1): 6681716. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6681716
- Lei, Yao, Jiading Wang, and Wenjie Yang. 2021a. “Aerodynamic Performance of a Coaxial Hex-Rotor MAV in Hover.” Aerospace 8 (12): 378. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120378
- Lei, Yao, Wenjie Yang, and Hengda Wang. 2020a. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Micro Multi-Rotor Aircraft with 12 Rotors Considering the Horizontal Wind Disturbance.” Applied Sciences 10 (20): 7387. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207387
- Lei, Yao, and Xiangzheng Zhao. 2023. “Aerodynamic Performance Assessment of Distributed Electric Propulsion after the Wing Trailing Edge.” Applied Sciences 14 (1): 280. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14010280
- Leknys, R. R., M. Arjomandi, R. M. Kelso, and C. H. Birzer. 2018. “Thin Airfoil Load Control during Post-Stall and Large Pitch Angles Using Leading-Edge Trips.” Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 179: 80–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2018.05.009
- Lerro, Angelo. 2020. “Survey of Certifiable Air Data Systems for Urban Air Mobility.” In 2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc50938.2020.9256510
- Letalenet, Alexandre, and Pascal Morin. 2020. “Identification and Evaluation of a Force Model for Multirotor UAVs.” In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197317
- Levi, O. A., and W. E. Nelson. 1964. “An Analytical and Flight-Test Approach to the Reduction of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Susceptibility.” Journal of Aircraft 1 (4): 178–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43579
- Levin, Daniel B., and Douglas A. Wardwell. 1997. “Single Jet-Induced Effects on Small-Scale Hover Data in Ground Effect.” Journal of Aircraft 34 (3): 400–407. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2183
- Levinsky, E. S., H. U. Thommen, P. M. Yager, and C. H. Holland. 1969. “Lifting Surface Theory for V/STOL Aircraft in Transition and Cruise. I.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (6): 488–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44094
- Levinsky, E. S., H. U. Thommen, P. M. Yager, and C. H. Holland. 1970. “Lifting-Surface Theory for V/STOL Aircraft in Transition and Cruise. II.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (1): 58–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44122
- Li, Daizong. 2013. “Design of a New VTOL UAV by Combining Cycloidal Blades and FanWing Propellers.” In 2013 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2013.6496836
- Li, Zhonglin. 2021. “A Simple Nonlinear Stabilization Control of Planar Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Based on Finite-Time Control and Controlled Lagrangians.” Asian Journal of Control 24 (4): 1862–72. https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.2584
- Li, Hai, Zaibin Chen, and Hongguang Jia. 2023c. “Experimental Investigation on Hover Performance of a Ducted Coaxial-Rotor UAV.” Sensors 23 (14): 6413. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23146413
- Li, Rui, Gong Chen, Yanhui Lu, Kaiyu Qin, Teng Zhou, and Wenzheng Wang. 2025g. “Longitudinal Perching Trajectory Planning for a Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle at High Angle of Attack Based on the Estimation of Region of Attraction.” Drones 9 (2): 87. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9020087
- Li, Zhou, Yang Chen, Hao Lu, Huaiyu Wu, and Lei Cheng. 2019c. “UAV Autonomous Landing Technology Based on AprilTags Vision Positioning Algorithm.” In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8865757
- Li, Xinliang, Zheyu Chen, Jingbo Wei, Zijie Qin, Weijian Chen, and Kun Liu. 2025c. “Design and Flight Control of a Novel Thrust-Vectored Tricopter Using Twisting and Tilting Rotors.” In 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11247693
- Li, Qiang, Linghua Dong, Changxin Song, and Weidong Yang. 2025l. “Sand Ingestion Behavior of Helicopter Engines during Hover in Ground Effect.” Aerospace 12 (10): 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12100927
- Li, Ping, Matthew Garratt, and Andrew Lambert. 2015b. “Monocular Snapshot-Based Sensing and Control of Hover, Takeoff, and Landing for a Low-Cost Quadrotor.” Journal of Field Robotics 32 (7): 984–1003. https://doi.org/10.1002/rob.21574
- Li, Junjie, Dewei Han, Jian Xu, Kang Li, and Zhaoyuan Ma. 2026c. “Design and Evaluation of Avatar: An Ultra-Low-Latency Immersive Human–machine Interface for Teleoperation.” Displays 92: 103292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.displa.2025.103292
- Li, L., M. Hirota, K. Ouchi, and T. Saito. 2016a. “Evaluation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle via Thrust Pitching Angle and Thrust Pitching Moment.” Shock Waves 27 (1): 53–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00193-016-0637-0
- Li, Ao, Xiaoxiang Hu, Kejun Dong, Hongzeng Li, and Bing Xiao. 2025i. “Reconfigurable Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control for over-Actuated Hypersonic Flight Vehicle with Actuator Failures.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 114: 463–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.11.090
- Li, Xu, Yabo Hu, Zhili Hou, Simeng Huang, and Bin Liang. 2025e. “High Angle-of-Attack Control of Fixed-Wing UAVs Using Proximal Policy Optimization.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 1563–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.380
- Li, Lei, Guoping Huang, and Jie Chen. 2019a. “Investigations of Tip-Jet and Exhaust Jet Development in a Ducted Fan.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 32 (11): 2443–54. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.04.026
- Li, Mengxue, and Kyle Jiang. 2026. “System-Level Modelling and Optimisation of a Recuperated Micro Gas Turbine Hybrid Power System for eVTOL Endurance Enhancement.” Energy 344: 140162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.140162
- Li, Huanyu, Chunwen Li, Hangyu Li, Yingjie Li, and Zhipeng Xing. 2017. “An Integrated Altitude Control Design for a Tail-Sitter UAV Equipped with Turbine Engines.” IEEE Access 5: 10941–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2707982
- Li, Yanan, Haiwang Li, Gang Xie, and Zhi Tao. 2025b. “Configuration Trade-Off and Co-Design Optimization of Hybrid-Electric VTOL Propulsion Systems.” Drones 9 (11): 800. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9110800
- Li, Maixiang, Jie Lian, and Feiyue Wu. 2025k. “Robust Control and Control Allocation for Multi-Modal over-Actuated Switched Systems Based on Low-Rank Approximation Techniques.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179660
- Li, Zhiyao, Zhaowei Liang, Yongran Zhi, and Lei Liu. 2026f. “Model-Free Adaptive Control of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11560333
- Li, Yu, Xiaoxiong Liu, Peng Lu, Qizhi He, Ruichen Ming, and Weiguo Zhang. 2021a. “Angular Acceleration Estimation-Based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Robust Flight Control.” Control Engineering Practice 117: 104938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2021.104938
- Li, Yanling, Feizhou Luo, and Zhilei Ge. 2023g. “Robust Observer and Proximal Policy Optimization-Based VTOL Vehicle Attitude Stabilization Research.” In 2023 International Conference on Cyber-Physical Social Intelligence (ICCSI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsi58851.2023.10303824
- Li, Li, Lei Qiao, Jiakuan Xu, and Junqiang Bai. 2026d. “Improved Aerodynamic-Propulsion Interaction Model for Distributed-Electric-Propulsion System and Its Integration in Sizing for Hybrid-Electric Distributed-Propulsion Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 170: 111519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111519
- Li, Ruishuo, Xiaowen Shan, and Hao Wang. 2026i. “Stability and Optimization of a Vector Thrust-Controlled Tail-Sitter UAV Based on Flight Test.” Drones 10 (5): 316. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10050316
- Li, Jiacheng, Hanlin Sheng, Shengyi Liu, Qian Chen, and Haibo Zhang. 2024a. “Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Based on Multivariable Model Predictive Control.” Expert Systems with Applications 255: 124539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2024.124539
- Li, Wen, Shuang Shi, Mou Chen, Shuyi Shao, and Qingxian Wu. 2025a. “Composite Anti-Disturbance Tracking Control for the Conversion Mode of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft via Switched Fuzzy Modeling.” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 23 (3): 960–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-024-0123-x
- Li, Wen, Shuang Shi, Mou Chen, and Qingxian Wu. 2024b. “Adaptive Tracking Control for the Conversion Mode of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft with Switched Fuzzy Modeling.” International Journal of Fuzzy Systems 26 (4): 1203–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40815-023-01661-4
- Li, Wen, Shuang Shi, Mou Chen, and Qingxian Wu. 2026e. “Mixed-Auxiliary Systems Based Switching Adaptive Tracking Control for Conversion Mode of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110921
- Li, Shenghui, Zhenxing Sun, and Mashooque Ali Talpur. 2022b. “A Finite Time Composite Control Method for Quadrotor UAV with Wind Disturbance Rejection.” Computers and Electrical Engineering 103: 108299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2022.108299
- Li, Boyang, Jingxuan Sun, Weifeng Zhou, Chih-Yung Wen, Kin Huat Low, and Chih-Keng Chen. 2020a. “Transition Optimization for a VTOL Tail-Sitter UAV.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 25 (5): 2534–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2020.2983255
- Li, Wencheng, Wenyun Wang, Xiaomao Huang, Shun Zhang, and Chenyang Li. 2021b. “Roll Control of Morphing Aircraft with Synthetic Jet Actuators at a High Angle of Attack.” Applied Sciences 11 (2): 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11020505
- Li, Peizhe, Mingming Wang, Chong Wu, et al. 2025h. “Optimization Strategy for Front Transition in Hybrid VTOL Using Double-Power LADRC.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179099
- Li, Shancheng, Yong Wang, and Haibo Zhang. 2026a. “Adaptive Fuzzy Fault Estimation and Fault-Tolerant Control Method Considering Sensor and Actuator Faults for Aeroengines.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110887
- Li, Zhanxiang, Penghai Wen, Min Wang, and Shi-Lu Dai. 2024f. “Image-Based Prescribed Performance Landing Control with Velocity Observers for UAV on Mobile Platform.” In 2024 43rd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc63176.2024.10661829
- Li, Huanyu, Linfeng Wu, Yingjie Li, Chunwen Li, and Hangyu Li. 2016b. “A Novel Method for Vertical Acceleration Noise Suppression of a Thrust-Vectored VTOL UAV.” Sensors 16 (12): 2054. https://doi.org/10.3390/s16122054
- Li, Xiaoda, Yongliang Wu, Xiaowen Shan, Haofan Zhang, and Yang Chen. 2022a. “Estimation of Airflow Parameters for Tail-Sitter UAV through a 5-Hole Probe Based on an ANN.” Sensors 23 (1): 417. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23010417
- Li, Wangmian, Chenlong Xue, Bo Wang, Lei Liu, Huijin Fan, and Jiahao Yang. 2023f. “Robust Attitude Control for Flying-Wing UAV Using Modified Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2023 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac59555.2023.10451535
- Li, Chunzhi, and Jianying Yang. 2017a. “Reply by Authors to Comment on “Roll Control Using Only Synthetic Jet Actuators at High Angle of Attack”.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (3): 1240–1240. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034293
- Li, Chunzhi, and Jianying Yang. 2017b. “Roll Control Using Only Synthetic Jet Actuators at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (1): 371–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033670
- Li, Jiacheng, Jie Yang, and Haibo Zhang. 2022c. “Research on Modeling and Fault-Tolerant Control of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Drones 6 (3): 78. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6030078
- Li, Ruichao, Jinghao Yao, Chao Yu, et al. 2024e. “Enhancing Aero-Engine Thrust Response: Accounting for Combustion Delays.” Aerospace Science and Technology 151: 109274. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109274
- Li, Hui, Haonan Yu, Binbin Hu, and Qingxi Zeng. 2025m. “Vision Tag-Guided Autonomous UAV Landing System Enhanced by Binocular Vision Optimization.” In 2025 5th International Conference on Measurement Control and Instrumentation (MCAI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcai66356.2025.11381977
- Li, Junxian, Jinghua Zhang, Dong Cao, and Fanliang Meng. 2024h. “Research on Autonomous Wave Tracking and Water Landing Control of Water UAV Based on Adaptive Dynamic Inverse.” In 2024 7th International Symposium on Autonomous Systems (ISAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isas61044.2024.10552471
- Li, Chuancheng, Yin Zhang, and Qunfeng Ji. 2026j. “Urban Air Mobility Vertiports: A Bibliometric Analysis and Scoping Review of Physical Site Selection, Design, and Integration with Ground Transport.” Journal of Urban Mobility 10: 100265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2026.100265
- Li, Zhaoying, Lixin Zhang, Hao Liu, Zongyu Zuo, and Cunjia Liu. 2018d. “Nonlinear Robust Control of Tail-Sitter Aircrafts in Flight Mode Transitions.” Aerospace Science and Technology 81: 348–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.08.021
- Li, Yongfeng, Weiguo Zhang, and Jingping Shi. 2019b. “Super-Maneuver Control of Thrust Vector Aircraft Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8866051
- Li, Hongliang, Zhiwei Zhong, Weiwei Kong, and Daibing Zhang. 2015a. “A Fast Calibration Method for Autonomous Landing of UAV with Ground-Based Multisensory Fusion System.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279815
- Li, Zhaoying, Wenjie Zhou, and Hao Liu. 2018f. “Robust Controller Design for a Tail-Sitter UAV in Flight Mode Transitions.” In 2018 IEEE 14th International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2018.8444168
- Li, Zhaoying, Wenjie Zhou, Hao Liu, Lixin Zhang, and Zongyu Zuo. 2018e. “Nonlinear Robust Flight Mode Transition Control for Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” IEEE Access 6: 65909–21. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2878722
- Li, Boyang, Weifeng Zhou, Jingxuan Sun, Chih-Yung Wen, and Chih-Keng Chen. 2018a. “Development of Model Predictive Controller for a Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV in Hover Flight.” Sensors 18 (9): 2859. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092859
- Liang, Lei, Kun Cao, Yong Cheng, et al. 2026b. “Investigation of Surface Pressure and Leading-Edge Vortex of Slender Delta Wings.” Advances in Aerodynamics 8 (1): 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42774-025-00242-3
- Liang, Jianjian, Qing Fei, Bo Wang, and Qingbo Geng. 2016. “Tailsitter VTOL Flying Wing Aircraft Attitude Control.” In 2016 31st Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac.2016.7804934
- Liang, Jinfeng, Haocheng Guo, and Ximin Lyu. 2026a. “Design and Control of a Coaxial Dual-Rotor Reconfigurable Tailsitter UAV Based on Swashplateless Mechanism.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 11 (1): 754–61. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3632111
- Liang, Junkai, Hui Ye, Yaohua Shen, and Dawei Wu. 2025b. “Transition Process Control of Tiltrotor Aircraft Based on Fractional-Order Model Reference Adaptive Control.” Machines 13 (6): 439. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13060439
- Liang, Longyun, Xiufeng Zhang, Chunxi Yang, and Zexiang Zhang. 2025a. “Joint MILP Optimization of Modular Aircraft Configuration and Rotor Layout Based on a Geometric Hovering Criterion.” In 2025 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac67268.2025.11487417
- Liang Lihua, Wan Chen, and Xun Panpan. 2011. “Dynamic Analysis of Aircraft Arresting Gear Based on Finite Element Method.” In 2011 International Conference on System science, Engineering design and Manufacturing informatization. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icssem.2011.6081253
- Liao, Wenan, Yunjie Yang, Jinlai Deng, Jihong Zhu, Xiangyang Wang, and Xiaming Yuan. 2024. “Identification of Aerodynamic Coupling during Vertical Takeoff and Landing of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10864884
- Lichen, Siyu, Yuehong Dai, Shijie Sun, and Yongliang Duan. 2025. “An Integrated Control Method Based on Free Power Turbine Speed Error for Tiltrotor Aircraft/Turboshaft Engine System.” In 2025 IEEE 5th International Conference on Control Theory and Applications (ICoCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icocta66834.2025.11337406
- Lichtsinder, Arkadi, Eliezer Kreindler, and Benjamin Gal-Or. 1998. “Minimum-Time Maneuvers of Thrust-Vectored Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 21 (2): 244–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4249
- Lili and Zhang Hua-min. 2011. “Neural Network Based Adaptive Dynamic Inversion Flight Control System Design.” In 2011 2nd International Conference on Intelligent Control and Information Processing. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicip.2011.6008215
- Lilley, J. S., S. L. Pengelly, and P. Fisher. 1992. “Generic Developmental Turbojet Fuel Control.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (6): 1258–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.11471
- Limaico, Roberto Farinango, Jongrae Kim, and Bilal Kaddouh. 2025. “Tail-Propeller Assisted UAV Perching Control System Design & Verification.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 470–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.195
- Lin, Qing, ZhiHao Cai, YingXun Wang, JinPeng Yang, and LiFang Chen. 2013. “Adaptive Flight Control Design for Quadrotor UAV Based on Dynamic Inversion and Neural Networks.” In 2013 Third International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2013.326
- Lin, Shanggang, Matthew A. Garratt, and Andrew J. Lambert. 2016. “Monocular Vision-Based Real-Time Target Recognition and Tracking for Autonomously Landing an UAV in a Cluttered Shipboard Environment.” Autonomous Robots 41 (4): 881–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-016-9564-2
- Lin, Shanggang, Lianwen Jin, and Ziwei Chen. 2021. “Real-Time Monocular Vision System for UAV Autonomous Landing in Outdoor Low-Illumination Environments.” Sensors 21 (18): 6226. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186226
- Lin, Zemin, Shikang Lian, and Wei Meng. 2024b. “Robust Attitude Control of a Tilt Trirotor in VTOL Mode.” In 2024 3rd Conference on Fully Actuated System Theory and Applications (FASTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fasta61401.2024.10595332
- Lin, Zehuai, Qiyan Liu, Shuangxi Liu, and Binbin Yan. 2023. “Transition Controller Design of Tilt-Rotor UAV Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In IECON 2023- 49th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon51785.2023.10312014
- Lin, Cheng-Jian, Ping-Juei Liu, and Jing-Ti Zeng. 2026. “A Real-Time Vision-Based Framework for Improving the Stability of Autonomous UAV Landing in Real-World Environments.” Journal of the Chinese Institute of Engineers: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/02533839.2026.2669179
- Lin, Yu-Fu, Wei-Min Lu, Kuan-Hung Chen, and Jiun-In Guo. 2015. “Vision-Based Landing System Design for a Small UAV.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-tw.2015.7217018
- Lin, Kai, Juntong Qi, Chong Wu, Mingming Wang, and Guojun Zhu. 2020. “Control System Design of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9188609
- Lin, Jie, Yaonan Wang, Zhiqiang Miao, Hang Zhong, and Rafael Fierro. 2022. “Low-Complexity Control for Vision-Based Landing of Quadrotor UAV on Unknown Moving Platform.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 18 (8): 5348–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/tii.2021.3129486
- Lin, Zehuai, Binbin Yan, Tong Zhang, Shaoyi Li, Zhongjie Meng, and Shuangxi Liu. 2024a. “Multi-Level Switching Control Scheme for Folding Wing VTOL UAV Based on Dynamic Allocation.” Drones 8 (7): 303. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8070303
- Lin, Chuanjian, Weiguo Zhang, and Jingping Shi. 2019. “Mission-Oriented Optimization Research of Aircraft Control Allocation with Multiple Control Surfaces.” In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8865352
- Ling, Chong K. 1970. “Quasi-Optimum Design of an Aircraft Landing Control System.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (1): 38–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44119
- Lingyu, Yang, Zhong Youwu, and Shen Gongzhang. 2006. “The Nonlinear Iterative Closed Loop Configuration of Control Allocation for Aircraft with Multiple Control Effectors.” In 2007 Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2006.4347425
- Lingzhong Guo, C. Melhuish, and Quanmin Zhu. n.d. “Towards Neural Adaptive Hovering Control of Helicopters.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Applications, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2002.1040159
- Lippiello, Vincenzo, and Fabio Ruggiero. 2016. “Orbital Stabilization of a VToL UAV for Landing on Oscillating Platforms.” In 2016 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr.2016.7784289
- Lippoldt, Katrin, Lukas Preis, and Klaus Bogenberger. 2023. “Preliminary Study of Nation-Wide Urban Air Mobility Demand and Vertiport Network Study in Germany.” Transportation Research Procedia 72: 1966–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2023.11.677
- Lissaman, Peter B. S. 1968. “A Linear Theory for the Jet Flap in Ground Effect.” AIAA Journal 6 (7): 1356–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.4748
- Liu, Ningjun, Zhihao Cai, Yingxun Wang, and Jiang Zhao. 2021. “Fast Level-Flight to Hover Mode Transition and Altitude Control in Tiltrotor’s Landing Operation.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 34 (1): 181–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.09.041
- Liu, Ji. Quan., and ZHeng. Hong. Gao. 2010. “A Test Evaluation of a Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Prediction Criterion.” In 2010 2nd International Conference on Signal Processing Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsps.2010.5555726
- Liu, Benshan, Yongsheng Gao, Liang Gao, et al. 2022b. “Design and Experimental Study of a Turbojet VTOL Aircraft with One-Dimensional Thrust Vectoring Nozzles.” Aerospace 9 (11): 678. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110678
- Liu, Benshan, Yongsheng Gao, Liang Gao, Junming Zhang, Yanhe Zhu, and Jie Zhao. 2024c. “Research on the Control of Thrust Vectoring Turbojet Aircraft with Uncertainties and Input Saturation Based on Fixed-Time Control.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 34 (16): 11282–11311. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7571
- Liu, Yan, Zhenghong Gao, and Chongyang Shang. 2018a. “Control Allocation for an over-Actuated Aircraft Based on within-Visual-Range Air Combat Agility.” IEEE Access 6: 14668–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2018.2814958
- Liu, Zhenchang, Jie Guo, Mengting Li, Shengjing Tang, and Xiao Wang. 2018d. “VTOL UAV Transition Maneuver Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2018: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6315856
- Liu, Xiaohua, Guangxin Guo, and Qinao Zhang. 2026c. “Predefined-Time Disturbance-Rejection Tracking Control Applied to Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Systems.” Aerospace Science and Technology 179: 113525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113525
- Liu, Xinyu, Mingrui Hao, Yu Fan, Yan Zhen, and Wendi Sun. 2024a. “Aircraft Middle and Final Stage Attitude Control on Fully Actuated System Theory.” In 2024 3rd Conference on Fully Actuated System Theory and Applications (FASTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fasta61401.2024.10595103
- Liu, Xinyu, Mingrui Hao, Yu Fan, Yan Zhen, and Yutao Zhuang. 2023a. “Aircraft Attitude Control on High-Order Fully Actuated System Theory.” In 2023 2nd Conference on Fully Actuated System Theory and Applications (CFASTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cfasta57821.2023.10243292
- Liu, Zhong Wei, Si Bo Huang, Tian Yu Zhang, and He Wang. 2025e. “Hybrid Enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization for VTOL UAV Sliding Mode Controller: A Methodological.” Ain Shams Engineering Journal 16 (11): 103694. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2025.103694
- Liu, Chunsheng, Bin Jiang, Xiaoqi Song, and Shaojie Zhang. 2015. “Fault-Tolerant Control Allocation for over-Actuated Discrete-Time Systems.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 352 (6): 2297–2313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.02.026
- Liu, Shixiong, Bo Kong, Qitai Eri, and Yong Wang. 2026b. “A Parallel-Accelerated Bi-Level Optimization Framework for Integrating Design and Energy Management of Hybrid-Electric VTOL Aircraft.” Energy 366: 142732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2026.142732
- Liu, Jinwei, Pengfei Li, Yaqing Zhou, Tao Wang, Yu Kang, and Yun-Bo Zhao. 2026a. “Delay-Aware Shared Control for Teleoperation Systems: Intent Trajectory Prediction under Communication Latency.” IEEE Internet of Things Journal 13 (15): 35346–58. https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2026.3697060
- Liu, Deyuan, Hao Liu, Zhaoying Li, Xiaolei Hou, and Qingling Wang. 2018c. “Robust Attitude Control for Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in Flight Mode Transitions.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 29 (4): 1132–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.4428
- Liu, Runze, Yu Liu, Wenjiang Yang, et al. 2025c. “Analysis of Thrust Vectoring Control for Aerospike Nozzle.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2025 (1): 7726555. https://doi.org/10.1155/ijae/7726555
- Liu, Huanpu, Jixiao Liu, YipengYang, Wenhao Wang, and Zhan Li. 2025a. “Adaptive Hovering Control Strategy for Composite Aircraft under Wind Field Disturbance.” In 2025 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac67268.2025.11486639
- Liu, Lei, and Baigang Mi. 2025. “Lift–Thrust Integrated Ducted-Grid Fusion Configuration Design for a Ducted Fan Tail-Sitter UAV.” Applied Sciences 15 (14): 7687. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15147687
- Liu, Shaoshan, Jianmei Song, and Haoping She. 2023b. “Detection of Dangerous Water Area during UAV Autonomous Landing.” In 2023 35th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc58219.2023.10326606
- Liu, Ming, Zhezhe Su, Jianfeng Zhu, Feng Guo, and Yancheng You. 2024b. “Flight Analysis and Optimization Design of Vectored Thrust eVTOL Based on Cooperative Flight/propulsion Control.” Aerospace Science and Technology 149: 109143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109143
- Liu, Zhong, Didier Theilliol, Liying Yang, Yuqing He, and Jianda Han. 2017. “Transition Control of Tilt Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Multi-Model Adaptive Method.” In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991339
- Liu, Wenjing, Ziyu Wang, Yini Chen, and Shuai Jia. 2026f. “Vertiport Location Planning for Urban Air Mobility under Flight Network Connectivity Uncertainty.” ENGINEERING Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-026-5420-z
- Liu, Weiwei, Xiaolu Wang, Jiahao Li, Daijun Liu, and Mingqiang Luo. 2025d. “Effects of Propulsion Type on the Cruise Aerodynamic Performance and Stability of Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft: A Comparative Study.” Aerospace Systems 9 (1): 135–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-025-00421-6
- Liu, Hu, and Zhe Wu. 2003. “Environment of Design Requirements Input and Preliminary Sizing for Aircraft Conceptual Design.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 16 (1): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(11)60165-9
- Liu, Renwei, Haishan Xia, Lu Li, Qi Li, and Sitong Liu. 2026e. “Transit Oriented Development under the Influence of Urban Air Mobility: A Public Transit-Based Vertiport Siting Method.” Journal of Air Transport Management 133: 102962. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102962
- Liu, Fengrui, and Jinfa Xu. 2026. “Dynamic Modeling, Flight Control Design, and Simulation Verification of a Ring-Wing Tail-Sitter UAV with Rudder and Propeller Redundancy Actuator.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 111234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111234
- Liu, Zhiping, and Jinqiang Xue. 2016. “Attitude Stabilization and Tracking of Quadrotors.” In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531543
- Liu, Rong, Jianjun Yi, Yajun Zhang, et al. 2020c. “Vision-Guided Autonomous Landing of Multirotor UAV on Fixed Landing Marker.” In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Applications (ICAICA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icaica50127.2020.9182512
- Liu, Juhong, and Song Zhang. 2024. “Tilt-Rotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing UAV Oblique Takeoff Trajectory Optimization.” In 2024 International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Automatic Control (IRAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irac63143.2024.10871517
- Liu, Xuancen, Shifeng Zhang, Jiayi Tian, and Longbin Liu. 2019. “An Onboard Vision-Based System for Autonomous Landing of a Low-Cost Quadrotor on a Novel Landing Pad.” Sensors 19 (21): 4703. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19214703
- Liu, Zhiping, Fengqi Zhou, and Jun Zhou. 2006. “Flight Control of Unpowered Flying Vehicle Based on Robust Dynamic Inversion.” In 2006 Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2006.280702
- Llerena, Juan Pedro, Jesus Garcia Herrero, and Jose Manuel Molina Lopez. 2022. “Error Reduction in Autonomous Multirotor Vision-Based Landing System with Helipad Context.” In 2022 25th International Conference on Information Fusion (FUSION). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/fusion49751.2022.9841325
- Llerena Caña, Juan Pedro, Jesús García Herrero, and José Manuel Molina López. 2022. “Error Reduction in Vision-Based Multirotor Landing System.” Sensors 22 (10): 3625. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22103625
- Lo, Ching-Fang. 1970. “Test Section for a V/STOL Wind Tunnel.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (4): 380–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44187
- Lo, Ching-Fang. 1971. “Wind-Tunnel Boundary Interference on a V/STOL Model.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (3): 162–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44248
- Lollar, T. E., and J. Matous. 1963. “Observed Pilot-Vehicle Loop-Closure Characteristics for Hovering Aircraft Control.” IEEE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE-4 (1): 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/thfe.1963.231288
- Long Lu and Kamran Turkoglu. 2015. “Utilization of Differential Thrust to Regain Lateral/directional Stability of a Commercial Aircraft with a Damaged Vertical Stabilizer.” In 2015 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2015.7118952
- Longobardi, Pasquale, Aman Sharma, and Jan Skaloud. 2024. “Identifying Aerodynamics of Delta-Wing Drones for Model-Based Navigation: A Comparative Study.” IEEE Access 12: 91649–63. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3421579
- Loth, John L., and Michael Boasson. 1984. “Circulation Controlled STOL Wing Optimization.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (2): 128–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.48235
- Loth, J. L., J. B. Fanucci, and S. C. Roberts. 1976. “Flight Performance of a Circulation Controlled STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (3): 169–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58647
- Louisse, Jan, and Franklin L. Marshall. 1976. “Prediction of Ground Effects for VTOL Aircraft with Twin Lifting Jets.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (2): 123–27. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58641
- Louw, J. M., and H. W. Jordaan. 2021. “Data-Driven System Identification and Model Predictive Control of a Multirotor with an Unknown Suspended Payload.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 54 (21): 210–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.12.036
- Lovas, István. 2026. “In-Hover Quadrotor Rotor Degradation Monitoring Using Null-Space Excitation and Lock-In Detection.” Drones 10 (5): 395. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10050395
- Lovell-Prescod, Gervase H. L. H., Ziqing Ma, and Ewoud J. J. Smeur. 2023. “Attitude Control of a Tilt-Rotor Tailsitter Micro Air Vehicle Using Incremental Control.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10156272
- Lozano, Rogelio, Samantha Calderón, and Iván González-Hernández. 2022. “Lyapunov Stability of a Planar Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Exerting a Force in the Environment.” Drones 6 (6): 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6060144
- Lu, Aiying, Wenrui Ding, Jiaxing Wang, and Hongguang Li. 2012. “Autonomous Vision-Based Safe Area Selection Algorithm for UAV Emergency Forced Landing.” In Information Computing and Applications. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34041-3_37
- Lu, Zhidong, Haichao Hong, and Florian Holzapfel. 2023a. “Multi-Phase Vertical Take-Off and Landing Trajectory Optimization with Feasible Initial Guesses.” Aerospace 11 (1): 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11010039
- Lu, Linghai, and Michael Jump. 2014. “Multiloop Pilot Model for Boundary-Triggered Pilot-Induced Oscillation Investigations.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37 (6): 1863–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g000079
- Lu, Yao, Tianpeng Lan, Xiaodong Liu, Dizhi Long, and Jingyuan Li. 2026. “Control Allocation for a Class of High-Speed Aircraft Based on Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11560122
- Lu, K., Chunsheng Liu, Zhengzhong Wang, and Weihong Wang. 2016b. “L1adaptive Output Feedback Controller for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7829184
- Lu, Ke, Chunsheng Liu, Zhengzhong Wang, and Weihong Wang. 2016c. “Modeling and Control of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531046
- Lu, Binwen, Jianjun Ma, and Zhiqiang Zheng. 2019. “Adaptive Closed-Loop Control Allocation-Based Fault Tolerant Flight Control for an Overactuated Aircraft.” IEEE Access 7: 179505–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2956818
- Lu, Zhidong, Peng Tang, and Shuguang Zhang. 2018. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Control Allocation Approach for a BWB UAV.” In 2018 IEEE CSAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/gncc42960.2018.9019118
- Lu, Frank K., and Douglas A. Terrier. 2003. “Performance Analysis of Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Aircraft Nozzle in Hover.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 19 (4): 715–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6162
- Lu, Peng, Erik-Jan van Kampen, Cornelis de Visser, and Qiping Chu. 2016a. “Aircraft Fault-Tolerant Trajectory Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Control Engineering Practice 57: 126–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2016.09.010
- Lu, Bei, and Fen Wu. 2009. “Switching-Based Fault-Tolerant Control for an F-16 Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring.” In Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2009.5400385
- Lu, Yannan, Weili Zeng, Wenbin Wei, Weiwei Wu, and Hao Jiang. 2025. “Vertiport Location Selection and Optimization for Urban Air Mobility in Complex Urban Scenes.” Aerospace 12 (8): 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12080709
- Lu, Wang, Daibing Zhang, Jiyang Zhang, Tengxiang Li, and Tianjiang Hu. 2017. “Design and Implementation of a Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Propulsion System for a Micro Triple Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV.” In 2017 6th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems (DDCLS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ddcls.2017.8068112
- Lúa, Cuauhtemoc Acosta, Bernardino Castillo-Toledo, Stefano Di Gennaro, and Ulises Larios. 2026. “Adaptive Control for UAV Landing on Moving Vehicles.” Drones 10 (8): 609. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10080609
- Lucena, Alysson N., and Luiz M. G. Goncalves. 2020. “Towards a Double Hybrid VTOL UAV System.” In 2020 Latin American Robotics Symposium (LARS), 2020 Brazilian Symposium on Robotics (SBR) and 2020 Workshop on Robotics in Education (WRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/lars/sbr/wre51543.2020.9307065
- Lungu, Mihai, Olfa Boubaker, and Romulus Lungu. 2019. “Multiple Observer with Applications to Landing in Lateral-Directional Plane.” In 2019 20th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2019.8766001
- Lungu, Mihai, Mou Chen, and Dana-Aurelia Vîlcică (Dinu). 2022. “Backstepping- and Sliding Mode-Based Automatic Carrier Landing System with Deck Motion Estimation and Compensation.” Aerospace 9 (11): 644. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110644
- Lungu, Romulus, and Mihai Lungu. 2016. “Adaptive Flight Control Law Based on Neural Networks and Dynamic Inversion for Micro-Aerial Vehicles.” Neurocomputing 199: 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2015.12.118
- Luo, Wei, Henrik Ebel, and Peter Eberhard. 2022b. “An LSTM-Based Approach to Precise Landing of a UAV on a Moving Platform.” International Journal of Mechanical System Dynamics 2 (1): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1002/msd2.12036
- Luo, Fei, Junhong Zhang, Pengfei Lyu, Zhengbao Liu, and Wei Tang. 2022a. “Carrier-Based Aircraft Precision Landing Using Direct Lift Control Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” IEEE Access 10: 55709–25. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3175164
- Lv, Di, Wei Zhang, Yuhao Wang, Weimin Zhen, and Kai Wang. 2026. “Vertiport Siting and UAM Network Design with eVTOL Performance: An MILP for Direct-Transfer Mode Choice.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 212: 104903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.104903
- Lyu, Yongxi, Yuyan Cao, Weiguo Zhang, Jingping Shi, and Xiaobo Qu. 2018b. “Dynamic Surface Control Design of Post-Stall Maneuver under Unsteady Aerodynamics.” Aerospace Science and Technology 80: 269–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.06.037
- Lyu, Ning, and Tao Feng. 2026. “Urban Geometry as Constraint: Optimizing Vertiport Placement for Urban Air Mobility.” Transport Policy 187: 104345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2026.104345
- Lyu, Ximin, Haowei Gu, Ya Wang, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2017a. “Design and Implementation of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989452
- Lyu, Ximin, Haowei Gu, Jinni Zhou, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2017b. “A Hierarchical Control Approach for a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV and Experimental Verification.” In 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206400
- Lyu, Ximin, Jinni Zhou, Haowei Gu, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2018a. “Disturbance Observer Based Hovering Control of Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs Using Synthesis.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 3 (4): 2910–17. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2018.2847405
- Ma, Liqun, Yangchen Ding, and Jianzhong Yang. 2025a. “Autonomous Emergency Gliding Landing Guidance and Control of Tilt-Wing Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing for Urban Air Mobility Missions Using Control Barrier Functions.” Aerospace 12 (1): 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12010063
- Ma, Xiaoshan, Wenhan Dong, and Bingqian Li. 2019. “A Novel RFDI-FTC System for Thrust-Vectoring Aircraft Undergoing Control Surface Damage and Actuator Faults during Supermaneuverable Flight.” IEEE Access 7: 156374–85. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2949061
- Ma, Yunpeng, Zhiyuan Guan, and Zewei Zheng. 2018. “Nonlinear Control for Automatic Carrier Landing with Deck Motion Compensation.” In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8482717
- Ma, Liqun, and Ziteng Liu. 2025. “Assessment of Handling Characteristics for the Hover Mission Task Element of TRC-Based Evtol Aircraft.” In 2025 3rd Asian Aerospace and Astronautics Conference (AAAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aaac66612.2025.11427416
- Ma, Xinjian, Shiqian Liu, and Huihui Cheng. 2022a. “Civil Aircraft Fault Tolerant Attitude Tracking Based on Extended State Observers and Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 33 (1): 180–87. https://doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2022.000018
- Ma, Jianjun, Xingju Lu, Zhiqiang Zheng, and Dewen Hu. 2009. “Differential Evolution Strategy for over-Actuated Control Allocation Problem with Nonmonotonic Nonlinearities.” In 2009 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2009.7074466
- Ma, Meiling, Xiaoru Wanyan, and Damin Zhuang. 2015. “Pilot Mental Workload Prediction Model Based on Information Display Interface.” In 2015 Seventh International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2015.192
- Ma, Ning, Xiangrui Weng, Yunfeng Cao, and Linbin Wu. 2022b. “Monocular-Vision-Based Precise Runway Detection Applied to State Estimation for Carrier-Based UAV Landing.” Sensors 22 (21): 8385. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22218385
- Ma, Qun, Yibo Wu, Muhammad Usman Shoukat, et al. 2024. “Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Wind Disturbance Rejection Control Strategy for UAV.” Drones 8 (11): 632. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110632
- Ma, Shidong, and Guoqing Yang. 2016. “Helicopter Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Model Design.” In 2016 International Conference on Control, Automation and Information Sciences (ICCAIS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccais.2016.7822452
- Ma, Yiyuan, Wei Zhang, Yizhe Zhang, Xingyu Zhang, and Yujiang Zhong. 2020. “Sizing Method and Sensitivity Analysis for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (4): 730–41. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035581
- Maces-Hernandez, Jose A., Francois Defay, and Corentin Chauffaut. 2017. “Autonomous Landing of an UAV on a Moving Platform Using Model Predictive Control.” In 2017 11th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2017.8287533
- Madarasz, L., T. Lazar, L. Fozo, R. Andoga, V. Gaspar, and T. Karol’. 2012. “Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Small Turbojet Engine in Laboratory Conditions.” In 2012 IEEE 16th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ines.2012.6249839
- Maggiore, M., and L. Consolini. 2002. “Robust Output Tracking: The VTOL Aircraft Example.” In Proceedings of the 41st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, 2002., vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2002.1184686
- Maghsoudi, Iman, Mohammad Ali Vaziry, and Mostafa Mahmoodi. 2020. “Experimental Investigation of Flow and Distortion Mitigation by Mechanical Vortex Generators in a Coupled Serpentine Inlet-Turbofan Engine System.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 33 (5): 1375–91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.12.002
- Mahony, R., T. Hamel, and A. Dzul. n.d. “Hover Control via Lyapunov Control for an Autonomous Model Helicopter.” In Proceedings of the 38th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.99CH36304), vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1999.827874
- Maier, Moritz, and Konstantin Kondak. 2015. “Landing of VTOL UAVs Using a Stationary Robot Manipulator: A New Approach for Coordinated Control.” In 2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2015.7402422
- Makeev, Pavel. 2026c. “Numerical Study of the Aerodynamic Performance of the Coaxial Tail Rotor Concept in Hover.” Aerospace Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-026-00549-z
- Maksoud, Aref, Aseel Hussien, Yasameen Safaa Adnan, Hend Hussein Hassan Alhousani, and Sarah Isam Abdul-Rahman Alawneh. 2025. “Optimal Vertiport Design for Urban Air Mobility: A Performance-Based Approach for Urban Air Mobility in the UAE.” Results in Engineering 25: 103968. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.103968
- Malcolm, Gerald N. 1979. “New Rotation-Balance Apparatus for Measuring Airplane Spin Aerodynamics in the Wind Tunnel.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (4): 264–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58515
- Malcom, Lawrence G. 1969. “Comments on ‘Navy Variable-Stability Studies of Longitudinal Handling Qualities’.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (3): 0285a-0285a. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59426
- Maldonado, Victor, Nicolas Peralta, Serdar Gorumlu, and Wolduamlak Ayele. 2021. “On the Figure of Merit and Streamwise Flow of a Propulsive Rotor with Synthetic Jets.” Aerospace Science and Technology 113: 106712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106712
- Manar, Field, and Anya R. Jones. 2017. “Transient Response of a Single Degree-of-Freedom Wing at High Angle-of-Attack.” AIAA Journal 55 (11): 3681–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j055708
- Mandal, Tanmay, and Yu Gu. 2016. “Analysis of Pilot-Induced-Oscillation and Pilot Vehicle System Stability Using UAS Flight Experiments.” Aerospace 3 (4): 42. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace3040042
- Manor, David, and William H. Wentz. 1985. “Flow over Double-Delta Wing and Wing Body at High Alpha.” Journal of Aircraft 22 (1): 78–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45083
- Manouchehri, Afshin, Hamid Hajkarami, and Mohammad Saleh Ahmadi. 2011. “Hovering Control of a Ducted Fan VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Based on PID Control.” In 2011 International Conference on Electrical and Control Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceceng.2011.6057155
- Mao, Tianyou, Bosong Duan, Feiyu Liu, and Chuangqiang Guo. 2026b. “Synergistic Disturbance Rejection for Tail-Sitter UAV Hover Mode and Transition Phase: Vectoring Rotors and Bioinspired Phase-Shifting Wings.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112672. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112672
- Mao, Shengchen, Zheng Gong, Zheng Ye, Zian Wang, Tongqing Guo, and Chengxi Zhang. 2022. “A Linear-Active-Disturbance-Rejection-Based Vertical Takeoff and Acceleration Strategy with Simplified Vehicle Operations for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicles.” Mathematics 10 (18): 3333. https://doi.org/10.3390/math10183333
- Maqsood, Adnan, and Tiauw Hiong Go. 2010. “Optimization of Hover-to-Cruise Transition Maneuver Using Variable-Incidence Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 47 (3): 1060–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.44453
- Marantos, Panos, Leonidas Dritsas, and Kostas J. Kyriakopoulos. 2013. “Robust Attitude Control for an Unmanned Helicopter in near-Hover Flights.” In 2013 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2013.6669825
- Marchman, J. F., III. 1981. “Effectiveness of Leading-Edge Vortex Flaps on 60 and 75 Degree Delta Wings.” Journal of Aircraft 18. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810046964
- Margalit, S., D. Greenblatt, A. Seifert, and I. Wygnanski. 2005. “Delta Wing Stall and Roll Control Using Segmented Piezoelectric Fluidic Actuators.” Journal of Aircraft 42 (3): 698–709. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.6904
- Marks, Aryeh, James F. Whidborne, and Ikuo Yamamoto. 2012. “Control Allocation for Fault Tolerant Control of a VTOL Octorotor.” In Proceedings of 2012 UKACC International Conference on Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/control.2012.6334656
- Marretta, Rosario M. Ardito. 1997. “Different Wings Flowfields Interaction on the Wing-Propeller Coupling.” Journal of Aircraft 34 (6): 740–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2252
- Martin, P., S. Devasia, and B. Paden. 1994. “A Different Look at Output Tracking: Control of a VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of 1994 33rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1994.411460
- Martin, Philippe, Santosh Devasia, and Brad Paden. 1996. “A Different Look at Output Tracking: Control of a Vtol Aircraft.” Automatica 32 (1): 101–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(95)00099-2
- Martinez, Ricardo Rosales, Hannibal Paul, and Kazuhiro Shimonomura. 2025. “Design and Control Strategies of Multirotors with Horizontal Thrust-Vectored Propellers.” Drones 9 (2): 145. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9020145
- Marut, Adam, Przemysław Wojciechowski, Konrad Wojtowicz, and Krzysztof Falkowski. 2023. “Visual-Based Landing System of a Multirotor UAV in GNSS Denied Environment.” In 2023 IEEE 10th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace57412.2023.10190013
- Marut, Adam, Konrad Wojtowicz, and Krzysztof Falkowski. 2019. “ArUco Markers Pose Estimation in UAV Landing Aid System.” In 2019 IEEE 5th International Workshop on Metrology for AeroSpace (MetroAeroSpace). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/metroaerospace.2019.8869572
- Masajedi, Pedram, Afshin Ghanbarzadeh, and Mohammad Shishesaz. 2012. “Optimal Control Designing for a Discrete Model of Helicopter in Hover.” In 2012 International Conference on Control Engineering and Communication Technology. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccect.2012.49
- Masuda, Kai, and Kenji Uchiyama. 2024. “Attitude Control System for Quadrotor Using Robust Monte Carlo Model Predictive Control.” Actuators 13 (11): 443. https://doi.org/10.3390/act13110443
- Mathur, Akshay, and Ella Atkins. 2026. “Energy-Optimal Traversal between Hover Waypoints for Lift+Cruise Electric-Powered Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 49 (5): 1475–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008907
- Matsumoto, Takaaki, Koichi Kita, Ren Suzuki, et al. 2010c. “A Hovering Control Strategy for a Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV That Increases Stability against Large Disturbance.” In 2010 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2010.5509183
- Matsumoto, Takaaki, Atsushi Konno, Ren Suzuki, Atsushi Oosedo, Kenta Go, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2010b. “Agile Turnaround Using Post-Stall Maneuvers for Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” In 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2010.5650204
- Matsumoto, Tatsunori, and Chinthaka Premachandra. 2023. “Depth Sensor Application in Ground Unevenness Estimation for UAV Emergency Landing.” In 2023 IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sas58821.2023.10253979
- Matt, Justin J., and George V. Altamirano. 2026. “System Identification of an Octocopter in Hover Using Full-Harmonic Orthogonal Multisine Inputs.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038636
- May, Marc, Daniel Milz, Sophie F. Armanini, and Gertjan Looye. 2026a. “Impact of Failure on the Tilt-Wing eVTOL Backward Transition.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (2): 553–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038391
- Mazeh, Hussein, Hamid D. Taghirad, and Jihad Sahili. 2021. “Offline and Online Active Fault Tolerant System for Multirotor Drones.” In 2021 9th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrom54204.2021.9663499
- Mbikayi, Zoe, Agnes Steinert, Dominik Heimsch, et al. 2024. “Online Deterministic 3D Trajectory Generation for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” Aerospace 11 (2): 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11020157
- McCormack, L., and D. Gleason. n.d. “Digital Simulation of Flight Control Systems for Post-Stall Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1989.40227
- McGREGOR, D. M., and R. E. Smith. 1966. “Handling Qualities Research at the National Aeronautical Establishment, Ottawa, Using Airborne V/STOL Simulators.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (6): 578–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43780
- McIntosh, Kristoff F., Sandipan Mishra, and Jean-Paul Reddinger. 2024. “Aerodynamic Feedforward-Feedback Architecture for Tailsitter Control in Hybrid Flight Regimes.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 47 (10): 2073–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008002
- McIntosh, Kristoff, Jean-Paul Reddinger, and Sandipan Mishra. 2022. “A Switching-Free Control Architecture for Transition Maneuvers of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” In 2022 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc53348.2022.9867242
- McINTYRE, P. A. 1970. “Development of a Recovery System for the AN/USD-501 Surveillance Drone.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (3): 240–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44153
- McMuldroch, Christopher, Gunter Stein, and Michael Athans. 1979. “VTOL Control for Shipboard Landing in High Sea States.” In 1979 18th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1979.270259
- McReynolds, D. n.d. “Determining the Motion of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle from a Sequence of Images.” In Proceedings of the IEEE National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1989.40346
- Mehrabi, Ali, and Ali R. Davari. 2020. “Outwash Flow Measurement around the Subscale Tandem Rotor in Ground Effect.” Engineering Science and Technology, an International Journal 23 (6): 1374–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jestch.2020.08.016
- Mendela, D. K. 1971. “Simulator Investigation of the VTOL Transport.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (10): 783–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59171
- Meng, Yue, Wei Wang, Hao Han, and Jingxuan Ban. 2019. “A Visual/inertial Integrated Landing Guidance Method for UAV Landing on the Ship.” Aerospace Science and Technology 85: 474–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2018.12.030
- Meng, Xiaoxuan, Ziyi Xu, Min Chang, and Junqiang Bai. 2023a. “Performance Analysis and Flow Mechanism of Channel Wing Considering Propeller Slipstream.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (11): 165–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.06.022
- Meng, Fanliang, Congwei Zhao, Qianzhang Ren, and Xinhua Wang. 2023b. “Research of Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV in Transition Process Based on an Improved L1 Adaptive Control Method.” In 2023 6th International Symposium on Autonomous Systems (ISAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isas59543.2023.10164462
- Menhaj, Mohammad B., and F. Rajaei Salmasi. 2000. “A Novel Neuro-Estimator and It’s Application to Parameter Estimation in a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 13 (4): 459–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0952-1976(00)00026-9
- Merabet, Reda, and Eric Laurendeau. 2022. “Hovering Helicopter Rotors Modeling Using the Actuator Line Method.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (3): 774–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036314
- Mercan, Tulin, Volkan Yavas, Dilek Can, and Yasin Mercan. 2025. “Vertiport Location Selection Criteria for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Air Transport Management 124: 102760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102760
- Merrick, Vernon K., and Ronald M. Gerdes. 1978. “Design and Piloted Simulation of a VTOL Flight-Control System.” Journal of Guidance and Control 1 (3): 209–16. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.55765
- Metni, Najib, Jean-Michel Pflimlin, Tarek Hamel, and Philippe Souères. 2006. “Attitude and Gyro Bias Estimation for a VTOL UAV.” Control Engineering Practice 14 (12): 1511–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2006.02.015
- Metreveli, David. 2002. “EAGLE Vertical Take-off and Landing Aerial Rescue Platform.” Architectural Science Review 45 (3): 165–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/00038628.2002.9697507
- Michael W. Oppenheimer. 2006. “Control Allocation for over-Actuated Systems.” In 2006 14th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2006.235845
- Michalski, Jacek, Marek Retinger, Piotr Kozierski, and Wojciech Giernacki. 2023. “Position Control of Crazyflie 2.1 Quadrotor UAV Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10156505
- Michel, Nicolas, Peng Wei, Zhaodan Kong, Anish Kumar Sinha, and Xinfan Lin. 2022. “Modeling and Validation of Electric Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System Energy Dynamics.” eTransportation 12: 100173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2022.100173
- Mihaila, Florin, Ion Fuiorea, and Grigore Cican. 2026. “Hover Performance and Uncertainty Quantification of a Light-Twin Helicopter Rotor.” Eng 7 (7): 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7070335
- Mihalik, Juraj, and Andy J. Keane. 2022. “Custer Channel Wings for Short Takeoff and Landing of Unmanned Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (1): 196–205. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035944
- Miley, Stan J., Richard M. Howard, and Bruce J. Holmes. 1988. “Wing Laminar Boundary Layer in the Presence of a Propeller Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (7): 606–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45630
- Miller, R. H. 1948. “Helicopter Control and Stability in Hovering Flight.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 15 (8): 453–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.11623
- Miller, George E. 1970. “New Longitudinal Handling Qualities Data: Carrier Approach.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (6): 519–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44206
- Miller, R. H. 1983b. “Rotor Hovering Performance Using the Method of Fast Free Wake Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (3): 257–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44861
- Miller, Eugene H. 1986. “Performance of a Forward Swept Wing Fighter Utilizing Thrust Vectoring and Reversing.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (1): 68–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45268
- Miller, David P., and James W. Clark. 1965. “Research on Vtol Aircraft Handling Qualities Criteria.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (3): 194–201. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43639
- Mills, George R. 1967. “Improving the Quality of Motion Reproduction in Moving-Base, Pilotedflight Simulators.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (5): 439–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43865
- Milluzzo, Joseph I., and J. Gordon Leishman. 2017. “Vortical Sheet Behavior in the Wake of a Rotor in Ground Effect.” AIAA Journal 55 (1): 24. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j054498
- Milz, Daniel, Marc May, Andreas Seefried, and Tobias Bellmann. 2026b. “Taming the Tilt: A Unified Pilot Control Concept for Transformational eVTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-026-00506-w
- Minh-Duc Hua, T. Hamel, P. Morin, and C. Samson. 2009a. “A Control Approach for Thrust-Propelled Underactuated Vehicles and Its Application to VTOL Drones.” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 54 (8): 1837–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2009.2024569
- Minh-Duc Hua, T. Hamel, P. Morin, and C. Samson. 2009b. “Control of a Class of Thrust-Propelled Underactuated Vehicles and Application to a VTOL Drone.” In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2009.5152210
- Mirković, Bojana, Nikola Ivanov, Dušan Crnogorac, and Matija Sindik. 2026. “A Support to Vertiport Micro-Location Selection at Airport for Urban Air Mobility Airport Shuttle Service.” Journal of Urban Mobility 9: 100181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.urbmob.2025.100181
- Mishra, Nikita, Anusna Chakraborty, Rajnikant Sharma, and Kevin Brink. 2019. “Cooperative Relative Pose Estimation to Aid Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Platform.” In 2019 Fifth Indian Control Conference (ICC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/indiancc.2019.8715633
- Mishra, Gautam, and Shaikshavali Chitraganti. 2026. “Gaussian Process Assisted Model Predictive Control for Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Platform.” In 2026 15th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ascc70886.2026.11702050
- Mitchell, David G., and Roger H. Hoh. 1984. “Influence of Roll Command Augmentation Systems on Flying Qualities of Fighter Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 7 (1): 99–105. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.8551
- Mitchell, D. G., B. A. Kish, and J. S. Seo. 1998. “A Flight Investigation of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Due to Rate Limiting.” In 1998 IEEE Aerospace Conference Proceedings (Cat. No.98TH8339), vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.1998.685777
- Mitchell, David G., and David H. Klyde. 2008. “Identifying a Pilot-Induced Oscillation Signature: New Techniques Applied to Old Problems.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 31 (1): 215–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.31470
- Mitici, Mihaela, Birgitte Hennink, Marilena Pavel, and Jianning Dong. 2023. “Prognostics for Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Using Data-Driven Machine Learning.” Energy and AI 12: 100233. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyai.2023.100233
- Miyazaki, Kouzi, and Daisuke Tsubakino. 2017. “Nonlinear Hovering Control Laws for Small Vectored-Thrust Tail-Sitter UAVs.” In 2017 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2017.8062763
- Mo, Zilin, Longwang Huang, and Yongfu Li. 2026a. “An Improved AKF Based Visual Navigation Method for Quadrotor UAV Landing on a Dynamic Platform.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11560856
- Modali, Sashank, Satadal Ghosh, and P. B. Sujit. 2020. “Sliding Mode-Based Guidance for UAV Landing on a Stationary or Moving Ground Vehicle.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 53 (1): 453–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2020.06.076
- Mogorosi, Tony Oliver, Rodrigo S. Jamisola, N. Subaschandar, and Lucky Odirile Mohutsiwa. 2021. “Thrust-to-Weight Ratio Optimization for Multi-Rotor Drones Using Neural Network with Six Input Parameters.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476744
- Mohamed, Mohamed A., Imran Afgan, Mohamed Hefny Salim, and Ibrahim K. Mohamed. 2022. “Low Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of Non-Slender Delta Wing at Low Angles of Attack.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 61 (12): 9427–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2022.03.003
- Mohamed, Sofian M., and Mostafa R. A. Nabawy. 2026. “A Thin Aerofoil Theory-Based Treatment for Modelling Propeller-Wing Interaction.” Aerospace Science and Technology 178: 113250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113250
- Mohammadi, Ali, Abdul Bandarkar, and Joshua Biro. 2026. “Electric Engine Technology Review in eVTOL Aircraft for Transportation Electrification.” In 2026 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference & Expo (ITEC) & Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (EATS) (ITEC+EATS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iteceats66641.2026.11593002
- Mohammadi, Alireza, Yi Feng, Cong Zhang, Samir Rawashdeh, and Stanley Baek. 2020. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Using an MPC-Controlled Micro UAV on a Moving Platform.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9214043
- Mohammadi, Navid, Morteza Tayefi, and Man Zhu. 2024. “Nonlinear Modeling and Designing Transition Flight Control Scenarios for a Dual Thrust Hybrid UAV.” International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications 8 (3): 525–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-024-00354-x
- Mokhtari, M. Rida, Brahim Cherki, and Amal Choukchou Braham. 2023. “Finite-Time Extended State Observer Based Sliding Mode Control for a VTOL Multi-Rotors UAV.” In 2023 IEEE International Workshop on Mechatronic Systems Supervision (IW_MSS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iw_mss59200.2023.10369931
- Mokotoff, Paul R., Maxfield Arnson, Yi-Chih Wang, and Gokcin Cinar. 2026. “FAST: A Future Aircraft Sizing Tool for Conventional and Electrified Aircraft Design.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (3): 1023–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038452
- Mondal, Sanjoy, T. V. Gokul, and Chitralekha Mahanta. 2012. “Adaptive Second Order Sliding Mode Controller for Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft System.” In 2012 IEEE 7th International Conference on Industrial and Information Systems (ICIIS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciinfs.2012.6304793
- Mondal, Sanjoy, and Chitralekha Mahanta. 2013. “Observer Based Sliding Mode Control Strategy for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft System.” In 2013 IEEE 8th Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iciea.2013.6566330
- Monstein, Raphael, Pierluigi Capone, Marcel Dettling, and Milan Vrdoljak. 2019. “Determination of Model Structure from Flight Test with Generalized Additive Models.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (4): 1367–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035171
- Montgomery, Raymond C., and Howard G. Hatch. 1969. “Application of Differential Synthesis to Design of Multiaxis Stability Augmentation Systems.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (4): 336–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44061
- Montgomery, Raymond C., and Martin T. Moul. 1966. “Analysis of Deep-Stall Characteristics of T- Tailed Aircraft Configurations and Some Recovery Procedures.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (6): 562–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43777
- Moore, Kevin R., and Andrew Ning. 2019. “Takeoff and Performance Trade-Offs of Retrofit Distributed Electric Propulsion for Urban Transport.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 1880–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035321
- Morais, Filipe, Tiago Ramalho, Pedro Sinogas, Mario Monteiro Marques, Nuno Pessanha Santos, and Victor Lobo. 2015. “Trajectory and Guidance Mode for Autonomously Landing an UAV on a Naval Platform Using a Vision Approach.” In OCEANS 2015 - Genova. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/oceans-genova.2015.7271423
- Morales, Jesús, Isabel Castelo, Rodrigo Serra, Pedro U. Lima, and Meysam Basiri. 2023. “Vision-Based Autonomous Following of a Moving Platform and Landing for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Sensors 23 (2): 829. https://doi.org/10.3390/s23020829
- Morelli, Eugene A. 2022. “Determining Aircraft Moments of Inertia from Flight Test Data.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 45 (1): 4–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006072
- Mori, Ryota, Shinji Suzuki, Yuki Sakamoto, and Hiroshi Takahara. 2007. “Analysis of Visual Cues during Landing Phase by Using Neural Network Modeling.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (6): 2006–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.30208
- Morillo, Jorge A., and David A. Peters. 2002. “Velocity Field above a Rotor Disk by a New Dynamic Inflow Model.” Journal of Aircraft 39 (5): 731–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3019
- Morris, Charles H., and Ying K. Leung. 2006. “Pilot Mental Workload: How Well Do Pilots Really Perform?” Ergonomics 49 (15): 1581–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140130600857987
- Morris, W. B., R. L. McCORMICK, and J. B. Sinacori. 1964. “Moving-Base Simulator Study of an All- Mechanical Control System for Vtol Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 1 (1): 41–45. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43557
- Morris, J. C., M. van Nieuwstadt, and P. Bendotti. 1994. “Identification and Control of a Model Helicopter in Hover.” In Proceedings of 1994 American Control Conference - ACC ‘94, vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1994.752256
- Morton, Blaise, Dale Enns, and Bing-Yu Zhang. 1996. “Stability of Dynamic Inversion Control Laws Applied to Nonlinear Aircraft Pitch-Axis Models.” International Journal of Control 63 (1): 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207179608921828
- Moustafa, Nader M., Katea L. Hamid, and Ehsan S. Al -Ameen. 2025. “Landing Trajectories Improvement of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Systems Considering Linear Quadratic Regulator Strategy.” Aerospace Systems 8 (4): 953–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42401-025-00381-x
- Mu, Bingguo, and Pakpong Chirarattananon. 2020. “Universal Flying Objects: Modular Multirotor System for Flight of Rigid Objects.” IEEE Transactions on Robotics 36 (2): 458–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/tro.2019.2954679
- Mu, Lingxia, Qingliang Li, Ban Wang, et al. 2023a. “A Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Guidance Strategy for a Micro-UAV by the Modified Camera View.” Drones 7 (6): 400. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7060400
- Mueller, Leo J. 1965. “Problems Unique to Vtol Automatic Flight Control.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (5): 357–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43667
- Mulgund, Sandeep S., and Robert F. Stengel. 1993. “Aircraft Flight Control in Wind Shear Using Partial Dynamic Inversion.” In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4792883
- Mulgund, Sandeep S., and Robert F. Stengel. 1995. “Aircraft Flight Control in Wind Shear Using Sequential Dynamic Inversion.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 18 (5): 1084–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.21508
- Muller, John Frederick. 1967. “Stability-Augmentation System Gain Determination by Digital Computer.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (5): 434–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59369
- Murata, Rei, Takateru Urakubo, Chihiro Kikumoto, and Kohtaro Sabe. 2025a. “Optimization of Thrust and Pitch Angle Allocation for a Dual-System VTOL UAV in Hover.” In 2025 13th International Conference on Control, Mechatronics and Automation (ICCMA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccma67641.2025.11369727
- Murguia-Rendon, G., H. Rodriguez-Cortes, and M. Velasco-Villa. 2009. “Trajectory Tracking Control for the Planar Dynamics of a Thrust Vectored Airship.” In 2009 52nd IEEE International Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mwscas.2009.5236089
- Musoles, Jose Luis, Sergio Garcia-Nieto, Raul Simarro, and Cesar Ramos. 2024. “Motion Equations and Attitude Control in the Vertical Flight of a VTOL Bi-Rotor UAV: Part 2.” Electronics 13 (13): 2497. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics13132497
- Nagabhushan, B. L. 1983. “Dynamic Stability of a Buoyant Quad-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (3): 243–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44859
- Nagabhushan, B. L., and N. P. Tomlinson. 1986. “Thrust-Vectored Takeoff, Landing, and Ground Handling of an Airship.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (3): 250–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45297
- Nakamura, Hiroki, Daisuke Tsubakino, and Shinji Hara. 2025. “Hierarchical and Cooperative Control of Thrust and Attitude for 1-DOF Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 SICE Festival with Annual Conference (SICE FES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/sicefes67750.2025.11236675
- Nakayama, Haruka, Yukinori Inoue, Adriana Andreeva-Mori, and Daisuke Sasaki. 2026. “Mission-Level Integrated Electrical–thermal Simulation for Energy and Thermal Management of eVTOL Aircraft.” Applied Thermal Engineering 303: 132253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2026.132253
- Naldi, Roberto, and Lorenzo Marconi. 2010. “On Robust Transition Maneuvers for a Class of Tail-Sitter Vehicles.” In 49th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2010.5717170
- Naldi, Roberto, and Lorenzo Marconi. 2011. “Optimal Transition Maneuvers for a Class of V/STOL Aircraft.” Automatica 47 (5): 870–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2011.01.027
- Naldi, Roberto, and Lorenzo Marconi. 2013. “Robust Control of Transition Maneuvers for a Class of V/STOL Aircraft.” Automatica 49 (6): 1693–1704. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2013.03.006
- Nandy, Subhashis, and Yoonsoo Kim. 2025. “Adaptive Integral Backstepping Control for Blade Pitch Angle Tracking in a Distributed Electric Propulsion Based Cycloidal Rotor.” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 23 (11): 3225–37. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-025-0464-0
- Nardizzi, Louis, Ming Tarng, and Robert Parker. 1971. “Optimal and Suboptimal Control Synthesis for Minimum Time VTOL Transition.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems AES-7 (3): 506–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.1971.310293
- Nazir, Sadaf, Sumair Aziz, Yasmeen Khaliq, and Syed Muhammad Adnan. 2018. “Vision Based Autonomous Runway Identification and Position Estimation for UAV Landing.” In 2018 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Data Processing (IDAP). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/idap.2018.8620824
- Nematollahi, Omid, Mahdi Nili-Ahmadabadi, Hyunduk Seo, and Kyung Chun Kim. 2019. “Effect of Acicular Vortex Generators on the Aerodynamic Features of a Slender Delta Wing.” Aerospace Science and Technology 86: 327–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.01.002
- Nery, Flávia P., José A. Bezerra, and Davi A. Santos. 2024. “Control Allocation for an One-DOF Thrust-Vectored Quadcopter.” In 2024 IEEE Andescon. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/andescon61840.2024.10755719
- Newton, Loren J., and Ilan M. Kroo. 2025. “Model Reference Control for Reducing Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 48 (2): 226–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g008400
- Ng, Wanyi, and Anubhav Datta. 2019. “Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Batteries for Electric-Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 1765–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035218
- Ng, T. Terry, Tony Skaff, and John Kountz. 1994. “Effect of Leeward Flow Dividers on the Wing Rock of a Delta Wing.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (6): 1431–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46674
- Nguyen, Thien Hoang, Muqing Cao, Thien-Minh Nguyen, and Lihua Xie. 2018. “Post-Mission Autonomous Return and Precision Landing of UAV.” In 2018 15th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2018.8581117
- Nguyen, Tien–Thanh, Augustin Crismer, Geert De Cubber, Bart Janssens, and Herman Bruyninckx. 2024. “Landing UAV on Moving Surface Vehicle: Visual Tracking and Motion Prediction of Landing Deck.” In 2024 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sii58957.2024.10417303
- Nguyen, Duc H., Mark H. Lowenberg, and Simon A. Neild. 2021. “Effect of Actuator Saturation on Pilot-Induced Oscillation: A Nonlinear Bifurcation Analysis.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (5): 1018–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005840
- Nguyen, P. K., D. T. Tran, K. Mori, T. K. D. Hoang, and M. T. Do. 2016. “Turbulent Flow Effects on High Sweep-Back Angle Delta Wing at Low Reynolds Number.” In 2016 7th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae.2016.7549558
- Nichols, James H., and Robert J. Englar. 1981. “Advanced Circulation Control Wing System for Navy STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (12): 1044–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57598
- Nie, Bowen, Zhitao Liu, Tianhao Guo, Litao Fan, Hongxu Ma, and Olivier Sename. 2021. “Design and Validation of Disturbance Rejection Dynamic Inverse Control for a Tailless Aircraft in Wind Tunnel.” Applied Sciences 11 (4): 1407. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11041407
- Niemiec, Robert, Christina Ivler, Farhan Gandhi, and Frank Sanders. 2022. “Multirotor Electric Aerial Vehicle Model Identification with Flight Data with Corrections to Physics-Based Models.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 13 (3): 575–96. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-022-00583-5
- Niewind, Ina. 2011. “Investigations on Boundary Avoidance Tracking and Pilot Inceptor Workload.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 2 (1–4): 147–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-011-0037-1
- Nigro, Michelangelo, Francesco Pierri, and Fabrizio Caccavale. 2019. “Preliminary Design, Modeling and Control of a Fully Actuated Quadrotor UAV.” In 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2019.8798092
- Nikhil, A., and B. Anbarasu. 2024. “Vision Based Landing Pad Detection for Autonomous Landing of Quadcopter.” In 2024 International Conference on Advances in Data Engineering and Intelligent Computing Systems (ADICS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/adics58448.2024.10533504
- Niro, Claudio, Alberto Savino, Alessandro Cocco, and Alex Zanotti. 2024. “Mid-Fidelity Numerical Approach for the Investigation of Wing-Propeller Aerodynamic Interaction.” Aerospace Science and Technology 146: 108950. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.108950
- Nishimura, Hiroshi. 1980. “Fuel Minimal Takeoff Path of Jet Lift VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 17 (5): 290–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57903
- Niwa, S., and I. Sugiura. 1987. “An Automatic Flight Control System for VTOL Aircraft Supported by Ducted Fans.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 20 (5): 145–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)55195-2
- Noaman, Noaman M., Suha S. Husain, Hasanain M. Jasim, et al. 2024. “RISE Controller Design for Tail-Sitter VTOL Aircraft.” In 2024 IEEE 9th International Conference on Engineering Technologies and Applied Sciences (ICETAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icetas62372.2024.11120232
- Nogar, Stephen M. 2020. “Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Ground Vehicle in a GPS Denied Environment.” In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Safety, Security, and Rescue Robotics (SSRR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ssrr50563.2020.9292607
- Notarstefano, Giuseppe, and John Hauser. 2010. “Modeling and Dynamic Exploration of a Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 43 (14): 119–24. https://doi.org/10.3182/20100901-3-it-2016.00182
- Nowak, D. K., and U. P. Solies. 2000. “Wind-Tunnel Tests of a High Lift Generation and Stall/Spin Recovery System.” Journal of Aircraft 37 (3): 383–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2637
- Nugroho, Gesang, Yoshua Dwiyanson Hutagaol, and Galih Zuliardiansyah. 2022. “Aerodynamic Performance Analysis of VTOL Arm Configurations of a VTOL Plane UAV Using a Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulation.” Drones 6 (12): 392. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6120392
- Nunes, Jessica S. M., Weihua Su, and Tianyi He. 2025a. “Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Stabilizing Tiltrotor Urban Air Mobility Aircraft under Control Effector Failures.” Aerospace Science and Technology 165: 110517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110517
- Oertel, Carl-Henrik. 1998. “Tracking Sensor for Autonomous Helicopter Hover Stabilization.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 31 (3): 551–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)44143-7
- Ohman, Lars H., Vinh D. Nguyen, and David J. Barber. 1995. “Probe Interference on Flow Measurements in Propeller near Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (4): 887–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46809
- Olcer, Fahri Ersel. 2015. “Modeling the Propeller Effect on Tail Controls and Trim Analysis for Hand Launch of a UAV.” In 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2015.7152413
- Olfati-Saber, R. n.d. “Global Configuration Stabilization for the VTOL Aircraft with Strong Input Coupling.” In Proceedings of the 39th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.00CH37187), vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2000.912262
- Olfati-Saber, R. 2002. “Global Configuration Stabilization for the VTOL Aircraft with Strong Input Coupling.” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 47 (11): 1949–52. https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2002.804457
- Omar, Zamri, Cees Bil, and Robin Hill. 2007. “The Application of Fuzzy Logic on Transition Manoeuvre Control of a New Ducted-Fan VTOL UAV Configuration.” In Second International Conference on Innovative Computing, Informatio and Control (ICICIC 2007). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicic.2007.562
- Oosedo, Atsushi, Satoko Abiko, Atsushi Konno, Takuya Koizumi, Tatuya Furui, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2013. “Development of a Quad Rotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV without Control Surfaces and Experimental Verification.” In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2013.6630594
- Oosedo, Atsushi, Satoko Abiko, Atsushi Konno, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2016. “Optimal Transition from Hovering to Level-Flight of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” Autonomous Robots 41 (5): 1143–59. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10514-016-9599-4
- Oosedo, Atsushi, Atsushi Konno, Takaaki Matsumoto, Kenta Go, Koji Masuko, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2012. “Design and Attitude Control of a Quad-Rotor Tail-Sitter Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Advanced Robotics 26 (3–4): 307–26. https://doi.org/10.1163/156855311x614590
- Oosedo, Atsushi, Atsushi Konno, Takaaki Matumoto, et al. 2010. “Design and Simulation of a Quad Rotor Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2010 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sii.2010.5708334
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Shuma Ioka, Takaya Masada, Kosuke Sakamoto, and Shigeru Uchikado. 2022. “A Study on Longitudinal Attitude Control of Tilt Rotor Aircraft against Gyro Effect by Tilting Rotor Nacelles.” In 2022 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs55319.2022.9969858
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Kosuke Sakamoto, and Shigeru Uchikado. 2021. “A Study on Simultaneous Vertical and Lateral Translation Mode for Hovering Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 2021 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs52606.2021.9736673
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Shigeru Uchikado, and Kanya Tanaka. 2014. “Study on Roll Angle Control for Hovering Tilt Rotor Aircraft on One Side Thrust Reduction.” In 2014 CACS International Automatic Control Conference (CACS 2014). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs.2014.7097175
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Shigeru Uchikado, and Kanya Tanaka. 2016. “Roll Angle Control Using Opposite Side Rotor Hub Moment for Hovering Tilt Rotor Aircraft on One Side Rotor Lift Variation.” In 2016 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs.2016.7973878
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Shigeru Uchikado, and Kanya Tanaka. 2017. “Pitch Angle Control for Hovering Tilt Rotor Aircraft on One Side Rotor Lift Variation.” In 2017 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs.2017.8284254
- Osa, Yasuhiro, Shigeru Uchikado, and Kanya Tanaka. 2018. “A Study on Spin Turn Mode for Hovering Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 2018 International Automatic Control Conference (CACS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacs.2018.8606738
- Osadchyi, Sergei, Valerii Zozulya, and Iryna Bereziuk. 2023. “Information Technology and Algorithm for Maximizing Accuracy of Angular Position of Platform for Vertical Takeoff and Landing of the UAV.” In 2023 IEEE 7th International Conference on Methods and Systems of Navigation and Motion Control (MSNMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/msnmc61017.2023.10329260
- Osman, Mohammed, Yuanqing Xia, Mohammed Mahdi, and Azzam Ahmed. 2025. “Hybrid VTOL UAV Technologies: Efficiency, Customization, and Sector-Specific Applications.” Alexandria Engineering Journal 120: 13–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2024.12.087
- Osman, Mohammed, Yuanqing Xia, Mohammed Mahdi, Tayyab Manzoor, Ghulam E. Mustafa Abro, and Abdulrahman H. Bajodah. 2026. “Physics-Informed Sparse Reinforcement Learning for Hybrid VTOL UAV Control: HILS Verification and Tethered Hover Benchmarking.” Aerospace Science and Technology 172: 111646. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.111646
- Otsuka, Hikaru, Masayoshi Kohno, and Keiji Nagatani. 2024. “Fountain Flow Visualization in Quadrotor Wake Decreasing Rotor Thrust in-Ground Effect.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (3): 761–73. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037101
- Ouyang, Tianyu, Yankai Yin, Fei Kang, et al. 2024. “Modeling and Controller Design of Vertical Take-off and Landing Turbojet Powered Aircraft.” In 2024 7th International Symposium on Autonomous Systems (ISAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isas61044.2024.10552494
- Owen, T. B., and A. P. Cox. 1966. “Some Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Techniques for the Measurement of Oscillatory Aerodynamic Derivatives on Jet-Blowing Models.” Journal of Sound and Vibration 4 (3): 507–25. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460x(66)90141-6
- Owen, Ieuan, Richard Lee, Alanna Wall, and Nicholas Fernandez. 2021. “The NATO Generic Destroyer – a Shared Geometry for Collaborative Research into Modelling and Simulation of Shipboard Helicopter Launch and Recovery.” Ocean Engineering 228: 108428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2020.108428
- Ozcan, A. Bilal, Mert Tekyurt, and Ismail Bayezit. 2025. “Aircraft Longitudinal Stability Augmentation System Using Linear Quadratic Integral Control.” In 2025 25th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas66577.2025.11301141
- Ozdemir, Ugur, Yucel Orkut Aktas, Karaca Demirbag, et al. 2013. “Design of a Commercial Hybrid VTOL UAV System.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564693
- Özer, S. Mert. 2025. “Delay Effects in Stability Augmentation System of Aircraft Longitudinal Dynamics: A Case Study on Boeing 747.” IEEE Access 13: 217232–44. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2025.3648550
- Ozgören, M., B. Sahin, and D. Rockwell. 2002. “Vortex Structure on a Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack.” AIAA Journal 40 (2): 285–92. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.1644
- Paiva, Enrique, Marcelo Llano, Jorge Rodas, Raul Gregor, Jose Rodriguez-Pineiro, and Marcos Gomez-Redondo. 2018. “Design and Implementation of a VTOL Flight Transition Mechanism and Development of a Mathematical Model for a Tilt Rotor UAV.” In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Automation/XXIII Congress of the Chilean Association of Automatic Control (ICA-ACCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ica-acca.2018.8609836
- Palafox, Pablo R., Mario Garzón, João Valente, Juan Jesús Roldán, and Antonio Barrientos. 2019. “Robust Visual-Aided Autonomous Takeoff, Tracking, and Landing of a Small UAV on a Moving Landing Platform for Life-Long Operation.” Applied Sciences 9 (13): 2661. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9132661
- Palaia, Giuseppe, Karim Abu Salem, Vittorio Cipolla, Vincenzo Binante, and Davide Zanetti. 2021. “A Conceptual Design Methodology for e-VTOL Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility.” Applied Sciences 11 (22): 10815. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112210815
- Pan, Chongyu, Tianjiang Hu, and Lincheng Shen. 2015. “BRISK Based Target Localization for Fixed-Wing UAV’s Vision-Based Autonomous Landing.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279706
- Pan, Xiang, De-qiang Ma, Li-ling Jin, and Zhe-sheng Jiang. 2008. “Vision-Based Approach Angle and Height Estimation for UAV Landing.” In 2008 Congress on Image and Signal Processing. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cisp.2008.78
- Panayotov, Filip, Ivan Dobrev, Fawaz Massouh, and Michael Todorov. 2019. “Experimental Study on the Effect of a Rapid Blade-Pitch Variation on the Performance of a Helicopter Rotor Model in Hover.” In 2019 International Conference on Military Technologies (ICMT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/miltechs.2019.8870035
- Panayotov, Filip, Vladimir Serbezov, Ivan Dobrev, and Michael Todorov. 2020. “PIV Invastigation of UAV Rotor in Hover.” In 2020 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ntca50409.2020.9291224
- Panigrahi, Siddhant, Yenugu Siva Sai Krishna, and Asokan Thondiyath. 2021. “Design, Analysis, and Testing of a Hybrid VTOL Tilt-Rotor UAV for Increased Endurance.” Sensors 21 (18): 5987. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21185987
- Panish, Leo, and Marko Bacic. 2025. “Tiltwing eVTOL Transition Trajectory Optimization.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (1): 81–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037862
- Papachristos, Christos, Kostas Alexis, George Nikolakopoulos, and Anthony Tzes. 2011. “Model Predictive Attitude Control of an Unmanned Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2011 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isie.2011.5984282
- Papachristos, Christos, Kostas Alexis, and Anthony Tzes. 2013. “Trajectory Control of an Unmanned Tri-TiltRotor in Hover Flight via Direct Longitudinal Actuation.” In 21st Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/med.2013.6608748
- Papageorgiou, Christakis, and Keith Glover. 2002. “Vibration Suppression in Flight Control with Dynamic Inversion.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 35 (1): 223–28. https://doi.org/10.3182/20020721-6-es-1901.01262
- Papageorgiou, C., and K. Glover. 2004. “Robustness Analysis of Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control Laws with Application to Flight Control.” In 2004 43rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37601). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2004.1429250
- Paris, Alfonso C., and Omeed Alaverdi. 2005. “Nonlinear Aerodynamic Model Extraction from Flight-Test Data for the S-3B Viking.” Journal of Aircraft 42 (1): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.3172
- Paris, Alfonso C., and Michael Bonner. 2004. “Nonlinear Model Development from Flight-Test Data for F/A-18E Super Hornet.” Journal of Aircraft 41 (4): 692–702. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.3167
- Paris, Aleix, Brett T. Lopez, and Jonathan P. How. 2020. “Dynamic Landing of an Autonomous Quadrotor on a Moving Platform in Turbulent Wind Conditions.” In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9197081
- Park, Sanghyuk. 2014. “Deflection Limit in Open-Loop Onset-Point Pilot-in-the-Loop Oscillation Analysis.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37 (2): 692–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.62372
- Park, Minjun. 2025. “A Weight Fraction-Based Analytical Method for Initial Sizing of Hybrid Power Plant Systems in Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Energy 340: 139192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2025.139192
- Park, Minjun. 2026. “Analytical Sizing Method for eVTOL Battery–turbogenerator Hybrid Powerplants under Battery State-of-Charge Constraints.” Energy Conversion and Management 349: 120868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2025.120868
- Park, Jangho, Jae-Young Choi, Yeongmin Jo, and Seongim Choi. 2017. “Stability and Control of Tailless Aircraft Using Variable-Fidelity Aerodynamic Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (6): 2148–64. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034052
- Park, Junhwi, Taemin Jeong, and Kwanjung Yee. 2025e. “Refined Air-Cooled Battery Sizing Process for Conceptual Design of eVTOL Aircraft.” Applied Energy 377: 124567. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124567
- Park, Byeong Tak, and Sang Hyun Kim. 2022. “Vertiport Design Optimization Using Integer Programming.” In 2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc55683.2022.9925809
- Park, Byeong Tak, and Sang Hyun Kim. 2026. “Optimal Multi-Floor Vertiport Layout Design.” Engineering Optimization: 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305215x.2025.2602679
- Park, Chanho, Woochan Lee, and Seongim Choi. 2025c. “CFD Analysis and Design of Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle for High-Performance Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” Advances in Engineering Software 201: 103827. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2024.103827
- Park, Junhwi, Donguk Lee, Daejin Lim, and Kwanjung Yee. 2022c. “A Refined Sizing Method of Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid System for eVTOL Aircraft.” Applied Energy 328: 120160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.120160
- Park, Jimin, Noah Listgarten, Halle Buescher, and Dahlia D. Pham. 2025d. “Framework for Technical Performance Uncertainty in Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Development.” In 2025 IEEE/AIAA Transportation Electrification Conference and Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (ITEC+EATS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/itec63604.2025.11097944
- Park, Minjun, and Se Hwan Park. 2026. “Sizing Method for Series Hybrid Electric Propulsion Systems in Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110745
- Park, Chanhong, Alex Ramirez-Serrano, and Mahdis Bisheban. 2024a. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Aerial Manipulators.” Aerospace 11 (8): 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11080671
- Park, Chanhong, Alex Ramirez-Serrano, and Mahdis Bisheban. 2025b. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control with Guaranteed Stability for Aerial Manipulators.” Aerospace 12 (4): 312. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12040312
- Park, On, Hyo-Sang Shin, and Antonious Thourdos. 2019. “Evolutionary Game Theory Based Multi-Objective Optimization for Control Allocation of over-Actuated System.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 52 (12): 310–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.261
- Pasquali, Monika, Tudor-Bogdan Airimitoaie, and Patrick Lanusse. 2024. “Flat Dynamic Model Analysis of a Delta-Wing Convertible Aircraft.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 58 (21): 67–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.10.144
- Patel, Purna, and Jatinkkumar Dave. 2020. “Design and Dynamic Modelling of Quadrotor VTOL Aircraft.” In 2020 4th International Conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceca49313.2020.9297379
- Patel, Twinkle, Manish Kumar, and Shaaban Abdallah. 2022. “Control of Hybrid Transitioning Morphing-Wing VTOL UAV.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (37): 554–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.11.241
- Patel, Vivek, Vimal Savsani, and Anurag Mudgal. 2018. “Efficiency, Thrust, and Fuel Consumption Optimization of a Subsonic/sonic Turbojet Engine.” Energy 144: 992–1002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.12.080
- Patel, Yoge, and Phill R. Smith. 1998. “Translational Motion Control of Vertical Takeoff Aircraft Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 21 (1): 179–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4219
- Patire, L. H. G., N. B. F. Silva, and K. R. L. J. C. Branco. 2016. “Data Fusion Techniques Applied to Takeoff and Landing Procedures: A VTOL Case Study.” IEEE Latin America Transactions 14 (9): 3962–66. https://doi.org/10.1109/tla.2016.7785919
- Patterson, Timothy, Sally McClean, Philip Morrow, Gerard Parr, and Chunbo Luo. 2014. “Timely Autonomous Identification of UAV Safe Landing Zones.” Image and Vision Computing 32 (9): 568–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imavis.2014.06.006
- Pattinson, J., M. H. Lowenberg, and M. G. Goman. 2013. “Multi-Degree-of-Freedom Wind-Tunnel Maneuver Rig for Dynamic Simulation and Aerodynamic Model Identification.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (2): 551–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031924
- Pauli, Frank A. 1965. “A System to Vary the Stability and Control of a Deflected-Jet, Fixed-Wing Vtol Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (1): 39–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43616
- Pavel, Marilena D. 2022. “Understanding the Control Characteristics of Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility.” Aerospace Science and Technology 125: 107143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.107143
- Paw, Yew Chai, and Elisa Yun Mei Ang. 2023. “Battery Cycle Life Assessment for a Lift+cruise Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Transporter Drone.” Journal of Energy Storage 66: 107493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.107493
- Paxhia, Vincent B., and John M. Cord. 1963. “Design and Development of Jet VTOL Aircraft.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 107 (1): 336–54. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13285.x
- Peciak, Magdalena, Wojciech Skarka, Krzysztof Mateja, and Maik Gude. 2023. “Impact Analysis of Solar Cells on Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Fixed-Wing UAV.” Aerospace 10 (3): 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030247
- Peddle, Iain K., Thomas Jones, and Johann Treurnicht. 2009. “Practical near Hover Flight Control of a Ducted Fan (SLADe).” Control Engineering Practice 17 (1): 48–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2008.05.004
- Pedreiro, Nelson, Stephen M. Rock, Zeki Z. Celik, and Leonard Roberts. 1998. “Roll-Yaw Control at High Angle of Attack by Forebody Tangential Blowing.” Journal of Aircraft 35 (1): 69–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2261
- Peksa, Magdalena, Florian Dandl, and Klaus Bogenberger. 2023. “Hierarchical Vertiport Network for an Urban Air Mobility System: Munich Metropolitan Area Case Study.” In 2023 IEEE/AIAA 42nd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc58513.2023.10311154
- Peng, Xin, Vishwanath Bulusu, and Raja Sengupta. 2022. “Hierarchical Vertiport Network Design for on-Demand Multi-Modal Urban Air Mobility.” In 2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc55683.2022.9925782
- Peng, Kemao, Kai Yew Lum, and Ben M. Chen. 2010. “Flight Control Design with Hierarchical Dynamic Inversion.” In IEEE Icca 2010. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2010.5524138
- Peng, Yiming, Pengpeng Xie, Xiaohui Wei, and Hong Nie. 2020. “Dynamics Test Research of Bounce of Carrier-Based Aircraft Arresting Hook.” Applied Sciences 10 (24): 9033. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10249033
- Peng, Yiming, Yin Yin, Pengpeng Xie, Xiaohui Wei, and Hong Nie. 2023. “Reliability Analysis of Arresting Hook Engaging Arresting Cable for Carrier-Based Aircraft Influenced by Multifactors.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (1): 311–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.01.001
- Pérez Gordillo, Andres M., Juan Sebastian Villegas Santos, Omar D. Lopez Mejia, Laura Juliana Suárez Collazos, and Jaime A. Escobar. 2019. “Numerical and Experimental Estimation of the Efficiency of a Quadcopter Rotor Operating at Hover.” Energies 12 (2): 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/en12020261
- Peris, Clevon, Michael Norton, and Sui Yang Khoo. 2021. “Multi-Surface Sliding Mode Control of a Thrust Vectored Quadcopter with a Suspended Double Pendulum Weight.” In IECON 2021 – 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon48115.2021.9589080
- Perry, Aaron T., Timothy Bretl, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2021. “Aeropropulsive Coupling Effects on a General-Aviation Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (6): 1351–63. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036048
- Perry, Aaron T., Timothy Bretl, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2023. “System Identification of a Subscale Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (3): 702–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036616
- Petit, Victor, and Marta Ribeiro. 2025. “Multi-Objective Vertiport Location Optimization for a Middle-Mile Package Delivery Framework: Case Study in the South Holland Region.” Journal of Air Transport Management 125: 102757. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2025.102757
- Pfeifle, Ole, and Walter Fichter. 2021a. “Cascaded Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Three-Dimensional Spline-Tracking with Wind Compensation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (8): 1559–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005785
- Pfeifle, Ole, and Walter Fichter. 2023. “Minimum Power Control Allocation for Incremental Control of over-Actuated Transition Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 46 (2): 286–300. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006929
- Pflimlin, J. M., T. Hamel, and P. Souères. 2007a. “Nonlinear Attitude and Gyroscope’s Bias Estimation for a VTOL UAV.” International Journal of Systems Science 38 (3): 197–210. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207720601110798
- Pflimlin, Jean Michel, Tarek Hamel, Philippe Souères, and Najib Metni. 2005. “Nonlinear Attitude and Gyroscope’s Bias Estimation for a VTOL UAV.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 38 (1): 283–88. https://doi.org/10.3182/20050703-6-cz-1902.02008
- Pflimlin, J. M., P. Soueres, and T. Hamel. 2007b. “Position Control of a Ducted Fan VTOL UAV in Crosswind.” International Journal of Control 80 (5): 666–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207170601045034
- Pflimlin, Jean Michel, Philippe Souères, Tarek Hamel, and Robert Mahony. 2006. “Position Control and Attitude Stabilization of a Ducted Fan VTOL UAV in Crosswind.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 39 (15): 524–29. https://doi.org/10.3182/20060906-3-it-2910.00088
- Pfnür, Stefan, and Christian Breitsamter. 2019. “Leading-Edge Vortex Interactions at a Generic Multiple Swept-Wing Aircraft Configuration.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (6): 2093–2107. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035491
- Phillips, W. F. 2000. “Improved Closed-Form Approximation for Dutch Roll.” Journal of Aircraft 37 (3): 484–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2623
- Phillips, W. F. 2002. “Propeller Momentum Theory with Slipstream Rotation.” Journal of Aircraft 39 (1): 184–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2914
- Phillips, Catriona, and Richard E. Brown. 2009. “Eulerian Simulation of the Fluid Dynamics of Helicopter Brownout.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (4): 1416–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.41999
- Phillips, Brandyn, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, and Inderjit Chopra. 2021. “Design, Development, and Testing of Package Delivery Quadrotor Biplane Tail-Sitter.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (4): 834–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035979
- Piccinini, Riccardo, Matteo Tugnoli, and Alex Zanotti. 2020. “Numerical Investigation of the Rotor-Rotor Aerodynamic Interaction for eVTOL Aircraft Configurations.” Energies 13 (22): 5995. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13225995
- Pieczyński, Dominik, Bartosz Ptak, Marek Kraft, Mateusz Piechocki, and Przemysław Aszkowski. 2024. “A Fast, Lightweight Deep Learning Vision Pipeline for Autonomous UAV Landing Support with Added Robustness.” Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence 131: 107864. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2024.107864
- Pieper, J. K., S. Baillie, and K. R. Goheen. 1994. “Linear-Quadratic Optimal Model-Following Control of a Helicopter in Hover.” In Proceedings of 1994 American Control Conference - ACC ‘94, vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1994.735223
- Pierson, B. L., and S. Y. Ong. 1989. “Minimum-Fuel Aircraft Transition Trajectories.” Mathematical and Computer Modelling 12 (8): 925–34. https://doi.org/10.1016/0895-7177(89)90197-0
- Piljek, Petar, Denis Kotarski, and Matija Krznar. 2020. “Method for Characterization of a Multirotor UAV Electric Propulsion System.” Applied Sciences 10 (22): 8229. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10228229
- “Pilot Workload and Fatigue: A Critical Survey of Concepts and Assessment Techniques.” 1977. Applied Ergonomics 8 (4): 238. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(77)90183-1
- “Pilot Workload during an Instrument Approach.” 1980. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics 10 (10): 676–78. https://doi.org/10.1109/tsmc.1980.4308376
- PlCKERELL, D. J., and R. A. Cresswell. 1968. “Powerplant Aspects of High-Speed, Inter-City VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (5): 467–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43968
- Poggi, Caterina, Giovanni Bernardini, Massimo Gennaretti, and Federico Porcacchia. 2024. “Optimal Performance Trim Procedure for Multirotor Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicles.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (3): 828–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037486
- Polak, Arnold, and Ting Y. Li. 1967. “Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Flow over a Flat Delta Wing at a Moderate Angle of Attack.” AIAA Journal 5 (2): 233–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.3947
- Pollack, T. S. C., S. T. Theodoulis, and E. van Kampen. 2024. “Commonalities between Robust Hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Proportional-Integral-Derivative Flight Control Law Design.” Aerospace Science and Technology 152: 109377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109377
- Pollack, Tijmen, Spilios Theodoulis, and Xuerui Wang. 2025. “Quasi-LPV Transformations for Robust Gain Scheduling of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Controllers.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (15): 97–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.10.064
- Pollack, Tijmen, Spilios Theodoulis, and Xuerui Wang. 2026a. “Duality between Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Quasi-Linear Parameter-Varying Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 49 (7): 1897–1913. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g009559
- Pollack, Tijmen, and Erik-Jan van Kampen. 2023. “Robust Stability and Performance Analysis of Incremental Dynamic-Inversion-Based Flight Control Laws.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 46 (9): 1785–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006576
- Pollák, Jakub, Pavel Zikmund, and Erik-Jan van Kampen. 2026. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Attitude Control for a Morphing Wing UAV with CESCA.” In 2026 New Trends in Civil Aviation (NTCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ntca68808.2026.11524167
- Porzio, A. J., and M. E. Franke. 1989. “Experimental Study of a Confined Jet Thrust Vector Control Nozzle.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 5 (5): 596–601. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23195
- Pour Razzaghi, Mohammad Javad, Guoping Huang, and Yuanzhao Zhu. 2026. “Integrated Aerodynamic–Propulsion Optimization for Gas-Powered Fan VTOL Systems via CFD and Genetic Algorithms.” Aerospace 13 (2): 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13020184
- Powers, Bruce G. 1982. “An Adaptive Stick-Gain to Reduce Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 5 (2): 138–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56150
- Pozzan, Beniamino, Badr Elaamery, and Angelo Cenedese. 2022. “Non-Linear Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Platform.” In 2022 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta49430.2022.9966054
- Prach, Anna, and Erdal Kayacan. 2017. “An MPC-Based Position Controller for a Tilt-Rotor Tricopter VTOL UAV.” Optimal Control Applications and Methods 39 (1): 343–56. https://doi.org/10.1002/oca.2350
- Pradeep, Priyank, and Peng Wei. 2018b. “Energy Optimal Speed Profile for Arrival of Tandem Tilt-Wing eVTOL Aircraft with RTA Constraint.” In 2018 IEEE CSAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/gncc42960.2018.9018748
- Prats, Xavier, Frank Bussink, Ronald Verhoeven, and Adri Marsman. 2015. “Evaluation of in-Flight Trajectory Optimisation with Time Constraints in a Moving Base Flight Simulator.” In 2015 IEEE/AIAA 34th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.2015.7311521
- Preis, Lukas, and Mirko Hornung. 2022b. “A Vertiport Design Heuristic to Ensure Efficient Ground Operations for Urban Air Mobility.” Applied Sciences 12 (14): 7260. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147260
- Preis, Lukas, and Mirko Hornung. 2022c. “Vertiport Operations Modeling, Agent-Based Simulation and Parameter Value Specification.” Electronics 11 (7): 1071. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics11071071
- Prochazka, Karl Frederik, Hugo Eduardo, and Sebastian Rudolf Klein. 2018. “Integrated Fault-Tolerant Control of an over-Actuated Aircraft Using Optimal Control Allocation and Robust Sliding Mode Observers.” In 2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511538
- Prochazka, Karl Frederik, and Gosta Stomberg. 2020. “Integral Sliding Mode Based Model Reference FTC of an over-Actuated Hybrid UAV Using Online Control Allocation.” In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147655
- Procházková, Hana, and Jaroslav Juračka. 2026. “Visualizing Student Pilot Mental Workload in Real Flight Training Using Wearable Heart Rate Monitoring.” Transportation Research Procedia 94: 111–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2026.01.012
- Pushpangathan, Jinraj V., M. Seetharama Bhat, and K. Harikumar. 2018. “Effects of Gyroscopic Coupling and Countertorque in a Fixed-Wing Nano Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (1): 239–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034280
- Puvrez, Paul A. 1965. “Variations of Landing Distance of Fixed-Wing Aircraft in Stol Operations.” Journal of Aircraft 2 (4): 288–96. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43654
- Pyle, James T. 1971. “Comment on ‘Optimizing the Propulsion/Lift System for Turbofan STOL Aircraft’.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (12): 1034a-1034a. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59202
- Qanbari, Amir, and Jacek Skorupski. 2025. “Scalability of eVTOL Systems: Insights from Multi-Pad Configurations and CPN Analysis.” Aerospace 12 (2): 147. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12020147
- Qassab, Ayman, Muhammad Umer Khan, and Bulent Irfanoglu. 2024. “Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on a Moving Platform Using Motion Capture System.” Discover Applied Sciences 6 (6): 304. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42452-024-05986-z
- Qi, O. F., P. J. Gawthrop, and N. R. L. Maccallum. 1992b. “Meeting the Performance Requirements of a Single-Spool Gas Turbine Engine Using a Gain Scheduled Controller.” In Proceedings of the 1992 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isic.1992.225122
- Qi, Yuhua, Jiaqi Jiang, Jin Wu, Jianan Wang, Chunyan Wang, and Jiayuan Shan. 2019. “Autonomous Landing Solution of Low-Cost Quadrotor on a Moving Platform.” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 119: 64–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2019.05.004
- Qian, Kechang, and Zili Chen. 2010. “Dynamic Inversion Based on Neural Network Applied to Nonlinear Flight Control System.” In 2010 2nd International Conference on Future Computer and Communication. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icfcc.2010.5497341
- Qian, Jingjing, Yang Cheng, Junhong Wu, Bing Liu, and Wei Dai. 2026. “Uncertainty-Aware Vision-Based Landing-Site Perception for Autonomous UAV Landing in Urban Environments.” Drones 10 (8): 610. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10080610
- Qian, Kechang, and Jian Li. 2010. “Control Method of Dynamic Inversion with Neural Network Used for Multi-Variable Nonlinear Flight Control System.” In 2010 2nd International Workshop on Intelligent Systems and Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iwisa.2010.5473678
- Qiao, Zheng, Dong Wang, Jiahui Xu, et al. 2023. “A Comprehensive Design and Experiment of a Biplane Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” Drones 7 (5): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7050292
- Qiao, Tingting, Junchao Wei, and Zhongcai Zhang. 2026b. “Further Results on Trajectory Tracking Control of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In 2026 5th Conference on Fully Actuated System Theory and Applications (FASTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/fasta70174.2026.11549092
- Qiao, Si, Jinfeng Xie, and Anthony Gar-On Yeh. 2026a. “Designing the Future Urban Sky: A Multi-Objective Framework for Optimizing Urban Vertiport Locations.” Urban Informatics 5 (1): 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44212-026-00104-3
- Qiao, Xiaotao, and Jun Zhou. 2026. “A Multi-Fidelity Preliminary Sizing Methodology for Hybrid-Electric VTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110825. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110825
- Qin, Yulong, Guoyuan Qi, and Kuo Li. 2024. “Tail-Sitter UAV Attitude Disturbance Rejection Control with Compensating Function Observer Based Additive State Decomposition Controller.” In 2024 IEEE 13th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems Conference (DDCLS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ddcls61622.2024.10606725
- Qin, Mengxin, Tie-Qiao Tang, Tao Wang, Shangwu Wen, and Haijun Huang. 2026. “Vertiport Capacity Planning and Operations for Urban Air Mobility Commuting.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 215: 105103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105103
- Qin, Zijie, Jingbo Wei, and Kun Liu. 2023b. “A Uniform Control Allocation Method for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Using Iterative-Based Approach and Coordinate Transformation.” In 2023 42nd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc58697.2023.10240514
- Qin, E., Guowei Yang, and Fengwei Li. 1998. “Numerical Analysis of the Interference Effect of Propeller Slipstream on Aircraft Flowfield.” Journal of Aircraft 35 (1): 84–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2263
- Qu, Feng, Mingyu Li, Qian Zhao, and Qing Wang. 2026b. “Low-Speed Lift Enhancement of the Vortex-Lift Waverider during Pitching Oscillation.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038811
- Qu, Yaohong, Zhewen Xing, and Youmin Zhang. 2016. “Wind Estimation Using the Position Information from a Hovering Quadrotor.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828984
- Rabah, Mohammed, Ali Rohan, Muhammad Talha, Kang-Hyun Nam, and Sung Ho Kim. 2018. “Autonomous Vision-Based Target Detection and Safe Landing for UAV.” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 16 (6): 3013–25. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-018-0017-x
- Rabelo, Marcos Felipe Santos, Alexandre Santos Brandao, and Mario Sarcinelli-Filho. 2021. “Landing a UAV on Static or Moving Platforms Using a Formation Controller.” IEEE Systems Journal 15 (1): 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2020.2975139
- Radford, Robert C., and Dominick Andrisani. 1984. “An Experimental Investigation of VTOL Flying Qualities Requirements in Shipboard Landings.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (6): 371–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44975
- Radmanesh, Hamid. 2026. “An Efficient Energy Management Strategy for More Electric Aircraft with Pulsed Loads.” Energy Systems. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-026-00785-4
- Raeth, P. G., and J. M. Reising. 1997. “A Model of Pilot Trust and Dynamic Workload Allocation.” In Proceedings of the IEEE 1997 National Aerospace and Electronics Conference. NAECON 1997, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/naecon.1997.617760
- Raghavendra, P. K., Tuhin Sahai, P. Ashwani Kumar, Manan Chauhan, and N. Ananthkrishnan. 2005. “Aircraft Spin Recovery, with and without Thrust Vectoring, Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Journal of Aircraft 42 (6): 1492–1503. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.12252
- Raj, Nidhish, Ravi Banavar, Abhishek, and Mangal Kothari. 2020a. “Attitude Control of Novel Tail Sitter: Swiveling Biplane–Quadrotor.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (3): 599–607. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004697
- Raj, Nidhish, Ashutosh Simha, Mangal Kothari, Abhishek, and Ravi N. Banavar. 2020b. “Iterative Learning Based Feedforward Control for Transition of a Biplane-Quadrotor Tailsitter UAS.” In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra40945.2020.9196671
- Raja, Vinyojita mohanraj. 2011. “Vision Based Landing for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2011 Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2011.5747518
- Raja, S., Shanmugam Palaniswamy, D. Dwarakanathan, and K. M. Parammasivam. 2021. “Wind Tunnel Studies on Autonomous Hybrid VTOL UAV with Wing Morphing Technology.” In 2021 21st International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas52745.2021.9649896
- Ramaveerapathiran, Arun, Raaga Bavithira, and Gowri R. Manohari. 2025. “A Novel Tuning Method of IMC-PID Controller for the Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft System.” In 2025 International Conference on Computational Innovations and Engineering Sustainability (ICCIES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccies63851.2025.11032785
- Ramirez, Juan Carlos Hernandez, and Meyer Nahon. 2021. “Pilot-Assist Landing System for Hover-Capable Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles in All Flight Regimes.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476776
- Ramirez-Rodriguez, H., V. Parra-Vega, A. Sanchez, and O. Garcia. 2013. “Integral Sliding Mode Backstepping Control of Quadrotors for Robust Position Tracking.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564717
- Ramnath, Rudrapatna V. 1970. “Transition Dynamics of VTOL Aircraft.” AIAA Journal 8 (7): 1214–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.5875
- Ranasinghe, Naveen Deshan, and Wickrama Arachchige Don Lakitha Gunawardana. 2021. “Development of Gasoline-Electric Hybrid Propulsion Surveillance and Reconnaissance VTOL UAV.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics, Automation and Artificial Intelligence (RAAI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/raai52226.2021.9508033
- Randall, Ryan, Christian-Alexander Hoffmann, and Sergey Shkarayev. 2011. “Longitudinal Aerodynamics of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Micro Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 48 (1): 166–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031044
- Ransom, Stephen. 1983. “Configuration Development of a Research Aircraft with Post-Stall Maneuverability.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (7): 599–605. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44917
- Ransone, R. K. 1971. “Proposed STOL Definition and Field Length Criteria.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (12): 971–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59193
- Rao, Yinglu, Sile Ma, Jinhao Xing, Heng Zhang, and Xiaojing Ma. 2020. “Real Time Vision-Based Autonomous Precision Landing System for UAV Airborne Processor.” In 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac51589.2020.9326776
- Raoofi, Tahmineh, and Melih Yildiz. 2023. “Comprehensive Review of Battery State Estimation Strategies Using Machine Learning for Battery Management Systems of Aircraft Propulsion Batteries.” Journal of Energy Storage 59: 106486. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106486
- Raptis, Ioannis A., Kimon P. Valavanis, Abraham Kandel, and Wilfrido A. Moreno. 2009. “System Identification for a Miniature Helicopter at Hover Using Fuzzy Models.” Journal of Intelligent and Robotic Systems 56 (3): 345–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-009-9320-3
- Raza, Syed Ali, Jason Etele, and Giovanni Fusina. 2018. “Hybrid Controller for Improved Position Control of Quadrotors in Urban Wind Conditions.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (3): 1014–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034573
- Reid, Lloyd D. 1982. “STOL Aircraft Response to Turbulence Generated by a Tall Upwind Building.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (7): 601–3. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44773
- Reid, Lloyd D., and Paul A. Robinson. 1990. “Augmenting Flight Simulator Motion Response to Turbulence.” Journal of Aircraft 27 (4): 306–11. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25273
- Reiner, Jacob, Gary J. Balas, and William L. Garrard. 1996. “Flight Control Design Using Robust Dynamic Inversion and Time-Scale Separation.” Automatica 32 (11): 1493–1504. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0005-1098(96)00101-x
- Reinhardt, Dirk, and Tor Arne Johansen. 2021a. “Control of Fixed-Wing UAV Attitude and Speed Based on Embedded Nonlinear Model Predictive Control.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 54 (6): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2021.08.529
- Reinhardt, Dirk, and Tor Arne Johansen. 2021b. “Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Combined with Geometric Attitude and Speed Control for Fixed-Wing UAVs.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476855
- Ren, Qianzhang, Huajun Gong, Qibing Zhao, Ru Wan, Bin Huang, and Xinhua Wang. 2022b. “Tailstock VTOL UAV System Modeling and Transition Mode Control Algorithm Design.” In 2022 8th Annual International Conference on Network and Information Systems for Computers (ICNISC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnisc57059.2022.00057
- Ren, Runze, Zi Kan, Daochun Li, and Jinwu Xiang. 2026. “A Morphing Uncertainty Disturbance Suppression and Stability Flight Control Method for Long-Endurance Wingtip Morphing Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 111171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111171
- Ren, Rongchao, Jingbo Wei, Haoze Wang, Kun Liu, Zijie Qin, and Mingzhi Cao. 2022a. “Research on Energy Management Method and Simulation of Hybrid Propulsion VTOL UAV.” In 2022 IEEE 5th International Electrical and Energy Conference (CIEEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cieec54735.2022.9845915
- Renselaer, Dirk J. 1977b. “Use of a Water Basin for Ground Effect Testing of VTOL Models.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (6): 513–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58812
- Repperger, D. W., A. J. Koivo, and M. W. Haas. 1997. “Using a Hidden Markov Process to Both Characterize Critical Human Tracking Regions and to Predict the Incidence of Pilot Induced Oscillation.” In Proceedings of the 1997 American Control Conference (Cat. No.97CH36041). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1997.611837
- Resta, Emanuele, Roberto Marsilio, and Michele Ferlauto. 2021. “Thrust Vectoring of a Fixed Axisymmetric Supersonic Nozzle Using the Shock-Vector Control Method.” Fluids 6 (12): 441. https://doi.org/10.3390/fluids6120441
- Reynolds, Philip A., and James R. Pruner. 1972. “Total in-Flight Simulator (TIFS)-A New Aircraft Design Tool.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (6): 392–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59002
- Rezaei, Arshia, Faezeh Vahedi, Amin Talaeizadeh, and Aria Alasty. 2023. “A Practical Algorithm for Multirotor System Design and Evaluation.” In 2023 11th RSI International Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (ICRoM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrom60803.2023.10412467
- Riboldi, Carlo E. D., and Alberto Rolando. 2023. “Autonomous Flight in Hover and near-Hover for Thrust-Controlled Unmanned Airships.” Drones 7 (9): 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7090545
- Richards, R. A. 2006. “Innovative Aircraft/Ship Visual Landing Aid (VLA) Test Tool.” In 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2006.1656020
- Richter, Hanz. 2012. “Multiple Sliding Modes with Override Logic: Limit Management in Aircraft Engine Controls.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 35 (4): 1132–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.55922
- Rimjha, Mihir, and Antonio Trani. 2021. “Urban Air Mobility: Factors Affecting Vertiport Capacity.” In 2021 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icns52807.2021.9441631
- Rizk, M. H. 1981. “Propeller in Slipstream/Wing Interaction in the Transonic Regime.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (3): 184–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57482
- Roberts, Andrew, and Abdelhamid Tayebi. 2011. “Position Control of VTOL UAVs Using IMU and GPS Measurements.” In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160854
- Robins, P. J., S. A. Austin, and M. R. Richards. 1994. “The Resistance of Steel Fibre Concrete to VTOL Engine Jet Blast.” Cement and Concrete Composites 16 (1): 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/0958-9465(94)90031-0
- Robinson, David Conal, Hoam Chung, and Kris Ryan. 2014. “Computational Investigation of Micro Rotorcraft near-Wall Hovering Aerodynamics.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842357
- Robinson, David Conal, Kris Ryan, and Hoam Chung. 2015. “Helicopter Hovering Attitude Control Using a Direct Feedthrough Simultaneous State and Disturbance Observer.” In 2015 IEEE Conference on Control Applications (CCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2015.7320700
- Rodchenko, V. V., L. E. Zaichik, and Yu. P. Yashin. 2003. “Handling Qualities Criteria for Roll Control of Highly Augmented Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 26 (6): 928–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6920
- Rodriguez-Ramos, Alejandro, Carlos Sampedro, Hriday Bavle, Paloma de la Puente, and Pascual Campoy. 2018a. “A Deep Reinforcement Learning Strategy for UAV Autonomous Landing on a Moving Platform.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 93 (1–2): 351–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-018-0891-8
- Rodriguez-Ramos, Alejandro, Carlos Sampedro, Hriday Bavle, Ignacio Gil Moreno, and Pascual Campoy. 2018b. “A Deep Reinforcement Learning Technique for Vision-Based Autonomous Multirotor Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2018 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2018.8594472
- Rogers, K. H., R. Lavi, and G. R. Hall. 1969. “Experimental Investigations of Ground-Jet Suppression Fences for VTOL Aircraft Prepared Sites.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (3): 245–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44043
- Roh, Nahyeon, Sejong Oh, and Donghun Park. 2020. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Helicopter with Ducted Fan Tail Rotor in Hover under Low-Speed Crosswind.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2020: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7059209
- Rohith, G., and Nandan K. Sinha. 2020. “Routes to Chaos in the Post-Stall Dynamics of Higher-Dimensional Aircraft Model.” Nonlinear Dynamics 100 (2): 1705–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05604-8
- Rohling, Walter J. 1969. “Flying Qualities: An Integral Part of a Stability Augmentation System.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (6): 510–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44097
- Rohr, David, Thomas Stastny, Sebastian Verling, and Roland Siegwart. 2019. “Attitude and Cruise Control of a VTOL Tiltwing UAV.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 4 (3): 2683–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2019.2914340
- “The Role of Human Factors in VTOL Aircraft Display Technology.” 1986. Applied Ergonomics 17 (1): 72. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(86)90224-3
- Rolfe, J. M., and S. J. E. Lindsay. 1973. “Flight Deck Environment and Pilot Workload: Biological Measures of Workload.” Applied Ergonomics 4 (4): 199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(73)90215-9
- Roltgen, J., and C. I. Byrnes. 1991. “Hover Control of a PVTOL Using Nonlinear Regulator Theory.” In 1991 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1991.4791551
- Rong, Erchao, Zihao Liu, Junning Liang, et al. 2026. “Aerodynamic Prior-Free Coordinated Trajectory Generation and Tracking Control for a Tail-Sitter UAV.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2026.3732212
- Roosenboom, Eric W. M., André Heider, and Andreas Schröder. 2009b. “Investigation of the Propeller Slipstream with Particle Image Velocimetry.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (2): 442–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.33917
- Roosenboom, E. W. M., and A. Schröder. 2009. “Qualitative Investigation of a Propeller Slipstream with Background Oriented Schlieren.” Journal of Visualization 12 (2): 165–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03181958
- Roosenboom, Eric W. M., Arne Stürmer, and Andreas Schröder. 2010. “Advanced Experimental and Numerical Validation and Analysis of Propeller Slipstream Flows.” Journal of Aircraft 47 (1): 284–91. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.45961
- Rosa, Lorenzo, Tarek Hamel, Robert Mahony, and Claude Samson. 2014. “Optical-Flow Based Strategies for Landing VTOL UAVs in Cluttered Environments.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 47 (3): 3176–83. https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-za-1003.01616
- Rosas, V., R. Lozano, J. Torres, and Z. Zamudio. 2012. “Modeling and Control of a Vertical Take-off Airplane.” In 2012 9th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computing Science and Automatic Control (CCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceee.2012.6421204
- Roscoe, A. H. 1992. “Assessing Pilot Workload. Why Measure Heart Rate, HRV and Respiration?” Biological Psychology 34 (2–3): 259–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(92)90018-p
- Roskam, Jan. 1986. “Rapid Sizing Method for Airplanes.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (7): 554–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45343
- Rostami, Mohsen, Julian Bardin, Daniel Neufeld, and Joon Chung. 2023. “EVTOL Tilt-Wing Aircraft Design under Uncertainty Using a Multidisciplinary Possibilistic Approach.” Aerospace 10 (8): 718. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10080718
- Rovere, Federico, George N. Barakos, and René Steijl. 2023. “Comparison between Eulerian and Lagrangian Methods to Predict Brownout Clouds.” Aerospace Science and Technology 137: 108306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2023.108306
- Ruangwiset, Annop, and Banterng Suwantragul. 2008. “Wind Tunnel Test of UAV Fault Detection Using Principal Component Based Aerodynamic Model.” In 2008 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icma.2008.4798742
- Rudolph, James F. 1972. “V/STOL Certification.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (3): 248–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58965
- Ruggia, Marco. 2025. “MOMAV: A Highly Symmetrical Fully-Actuated Multirotor Drone Using Optimizing Control Allocation.” Robotics and Autonomous Systems 194: 105176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.robot.2025.105176
- Ruiz, Adrián, Damiano Rotondo, and Bernardo Morcego. 2023. “Design of Shifting State-Feedback Controllers for Constrained Feedback Linearized Systems: Application to Quadrotor Attitude Control.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 34 (4): 2614–38. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.7098
- Ruiz-Sanchez, Francisco J. 2016. “Model of Effective Thrust Induced by Propellers in Hover Mode for Simulation and Control of Miniature Quadrotors.” In 2016 IEEE International Autumn Meeting on Power, Electronics and Computing (ROPEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ropec.2016.7830584
- Rullan, Jose M., Pavlos P. Vlachos, Demetri P. Telionis, and Matthew D. Zeiger. 2006. “Post-Stall Flow Control of Sharp-Edged Wings via Unsteady Blowing.” Journal of Aircraft 43 (6): 1738–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.19495
- Rumph, L. B., R. J. White, and H. R. Grummann. 1942. “Propeller Forces Due to Yaw and Their Effect on Airplane Stability.” Journal of the Aeronautical Sciences 9 (12): 465–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/8.10936
- Runco, Carl C., Brett Himmelberg, and Moble Benedict. 2019. “Experimental Studies on a Mesoscale Cycloidal Rotor in Hover.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (2): 597–606. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034736
- Russi-Vigoya, M. Natalia, and Patrick Patterson. 2015. “Analysis of Pilot Eye Behavior during Glass Cockpit Simulations.” Procedia Manufacturing 3: 5028–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2015.07.515
- Russo, Oreste, Andrea Aprovitola, Donato de Rosa, Giuseppe Pezzella, and Antonio Viviani. 2023. “Computational Fluid Dynamics Analyses of a Wing with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Aerospace 10 (1): 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10010064
- Russo, Enrico, Giuseppe Notarstefano, and John Hauser. 2011. “Dynamics Exploration and Aggressive Maneuvering of a Longitudinal Vectored Thrust VTOL Aircraft.” In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6161451
- Saboe, Michael S. 1963. “Gas Turbine Design Considerations for VTOL Applications.” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 107 (1): 369–79. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1963.tb13287.x
- Sabra, Ahmed Mohsen, Ahmed T. Hafez, and Hany M. Mohamed. 2025. “Robustness of UAV Flight Control System via Modified Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2025 15th International Conference on Electrical Engineering (ICEENG). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceeng64546.2025.11031385
- Sachs, Gottfried. 1977. “A New Concept of Static Stability and Its Flight Testing in Supersonic Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (9): 874–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44623
- Saddington, A. J., and K. Knowles. 2001. “Jet/Intake Interference in Short Take off, Vertical Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 38 (5): 924–31. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2853
- Saddington, A. J., and K. Knowles. 2013. “Turbulence Measurements in a Short Take-Off Vertical-Landing Fountain.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (2): 667–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031906
- Saddington, A. J., K. Knowles, and P. M. Cabrita. 2008. “Flow Measurements in a Short Takeoff, Vertical Landing Fountain: Parallel Jets.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (5): 1736–43. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.32599
- Saddington, A. J., K. Knowles, and P. M. Cabrita. 2009. “Flow Measurements in a Short Takeoff, Vertical Landing Fountain: Splayed Jets.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (3): 874–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.38296
- Sadoway, Eric, and Sina Ghaemi. 2026. “Evaluating Aerodynamic and Propulsive Performance of a Wing with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038766
- Saeki, M., and Y. Sakaue. n.d. “Flight Control Design for a Nonlinear Non-Minimum Phase VTOL Aircraft via Two-Step Linearization.” In Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.01CH37228). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/.2001.980101
- Saephan, S., and C. P. Van Dam. 2008. “Determination of Wing-Only Aircraft Tumbling Characteristics through Computational Fluid Dynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (3): 1044–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.33730
- Saetti, Umberto, Joseph F. Horn, Tom Berger, and Mark B. Tischler. 2020. “Handling-Qualities Perspective on Rotorcraft Load Alleviation Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (10): 1792–1804. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004965
- Safaee, Ahmad, Antonio Paulo Moreira, and A. Pedro Aguiar. 2025b. “Designing and Developing a Fixed-Wing Tail-Sitter Tethered VTOL UAV with Custom Autopilot: A MIMO H∞ Robust Control Approach.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Autonomous Robot Systems and Competitions (ICARSC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarsc65809.2025.10970122
- Sagan, Daniel S., Mark T. Lau, and Brian J. German. 2025. “Minimum-Power Trim of Overactuated Multi-Tiltrotor Aircraft in Transition.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (6): 1640–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038007
- Salahudden, Salahudden. 2025a. “Decoupled Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Aircraft Spin Recovery.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 61 (2): 3336–45. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2024.3485604
- Salahudden, Salahudden. 2025b. “Integrated Flight Modeling and Control of Tilted Tricopter-Fixed Wing VTOL System.” In 2025 International Conference on Emerging Technology in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (ETAAV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/etaav66793.2025.11213004
- Salahudden, Salahudden, Henil Agrawal, Aditya Karnam, and Anirban Roy. 2024a. “Decoupled Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Aircraft Autonomous Landing with Ground-Effect.” Aerospace Science and Technology 149: 109156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109156
- Salahudden, Salahudden, Pramath Bhatt, Khushali Patil, Abhishek Ghosh Roy, and Anirban Roy. 2023. “Multirotor VTOL and Tilt Rotor Transition to Fixed Wing.” In 2023 IEEE 11th International Conference on Systems and Control (ICSC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsc58660.2023.10449771
- Salahudden, Salahudden, Akash Taru Das, and Ajoy Kanti Ghosh. 2022. “Sliding-Mode Control and Strategic Thrust-Vectoring Based Aircraft Flat Spin Recovery with Altitude Loss Minimization.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 58 (4): 3271–82. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2022.3146114
- Salahudden, Dipak K. Giri, and Ajoy K. Ghosh. 2020. “Aircraft Stall Recovery Using Sliding-Mode Based Pitch-Attitude and Altitude Control.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213975
- Salter, G. R. 1975. “Method for Analysis of V/STOL Aircraft Ejectors.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (12): 974–78. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59902
- Sambell, Kenneth W. 1972. “Proprotor Short-Haul Aircraft-STOL and VTOL.” Journal of Aircraft 9 (10): 744–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59072
- Sanchez-Laulhe, Ernesto, Ramon Fernandez-Feria, and Anibal Ollero. 2022. “Simplified Model for Forward-Flight Transitions of a Bio-Inspired Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Aerospace 9 (10): 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100617
- Sanchez-Rivera, Luz M., Rogelio Lozano, and Alfredo Arias-Montano. 2020. “Transition Flight Dynamics of a Dual Tilt-Wing UAV.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9214061
- Sanders, Karl L. 1997. “Comment on ‘Effect of Thrust Vectoring on Level-Turn Performance’.” Journal of Aircraft 34 (4): 576–576. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2213
- Sandino, Luis A., Manuel Bejar, Konstantin Kondak, and Anibal Ollero. 2013. “Improving Hovering Performance of Tethered Unmanned Helicopters with Nonlinear Control Strategies.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564719
- Sankaranarayanan, Viswa Narayanan, Akshit Saradagi, Sumeet Satpute, and George Nikolakopoulos. 2024. “Time-Varying Control Barrier Function for Safe and Precise Landing of a UAV on a Moving Target.” In 2024 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros58592.2024.10802827
- Sansou, Florian, Fabrice Demourant, Gautier Hattenberger, Thomas Loquen, and Luca Zaccarian. 2022. “Open Wind Tunnel Experiments of the DarkO Tail-Sitter Longitudinal Stabilization with Constant Wind.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 55 (22): 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2023.03.001
- Sansou, Florian, Gautier Hattenberger, Luca Zaccarian, Fabrice Demourant, and Thomas Loquen. 2024. “Modelling and Hovering Stabilisation of a Free-Rotating Wing UAV.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10556832
- Santos, Davi A., and José A. Bezerra. 2022. “On the Control Allocation of Fully Actuated Multirotor Aerial Vehicles.” Aerospace Science and Technology 122: 107424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107424
- Santos, M. F., L. M. Honório, A. P. G. M. Moreira, P. A. N. Garcia, M. F. Silva, and V. F. Vidal. 2022. “Analysis of a Fast Control Allocation Approach for Nonlinear over-Actuated Systems.” ISA Transactions 126: 545–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2021.08.010
- Santos, M. F., L. M. Honório, A. P. G. M. Moreira, M. F. Silva, and V. F. Vidal. 2021. “Fast Real-Time Control Allocation Applied to over-Actuated Quadrotor Tilt-Rotor.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 102 (3): 65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-021-01411-4
- Saripalli, S., J. F. Montgomery, and G. S. Sukhatme. 2002. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292), vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2002.1013656
- Sarrafian, Shahan K. 1986. “Simulator Evaluation of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Visual Landing Task.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 9 (1): 80–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20070
- Sati, S. C., A. S. Kanaskar, S. R. Kajale, and A. Mukherjee. 2011. “Modeling, Simulation and Analysis of Aircraft Arresting System Using Bond Graph Approach.” Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory 19 (3): 936–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.simpat.2010.12.002
- Sato, Masayuki, and Atsushi Satoh. 2007. “Flight Test of in-Flight Simulator Controller for Simultaneous Simulation of Gust Response and Handling Response.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40 (7): 853–58. https://doi.org/10.3182/20070625-5-fr-2916.00145
- Satoh, Yasuyuki, and Kota Ohno. 2025. “Robust Attitude Stabilization of Rigid Bodies Based on Control Lyapunov Function: Experimental Verification on a Quadrotor Testbed.” Actuators 14 (10): 509. https://doi.org/10.3390/act14100509
- Satria Palar, Pramudita, Eric Nguyen Van, Nathalie Bartoli, and Joseph Morlier. 2024. “Design Exploration of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Using Explainable Surrogate Models.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (5): 1561–74. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037848
- Savino, Alberto, and Alex Zanotti. 2025. “Aerodynamic Interaction between Wing and Propeller in eVTOL Airplane Mode Flight Condition.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-025-00871-w
- Schaefer, R. K., and K. R. Velten. 1971. “Operational Constraints for STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (8): 643–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59151
- Schaeffler, J., H. Alscher, G. Steinmetz, and J. B. SlNACORl. 1967. “Control-Power Usage for Maneuvering in Hover of the VJ 101 Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (5): 445–51. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43866
- Schenk, Lorenzo, Guillaume Ducard, and Christopher Onder. 2026. “Linear Stability Analysis of an INDI Pitch-Rate Controller under Model Mismatch for a Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV.” In 2026 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad69956.2026.11643081
- Schlatter, Marco, Guillaume Ducard, David Rohr, and Christopher Onder. 2024. “Longitudinal Control of a Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2024 International Conference on Control, Automation and Diagnosis (ICCAD). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccad60883.2024.10553973
- Schneider, Garret L., and George W. Watt. 1989. “Minimum-Time Turns Using Vectored Thrust.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 12 (6): 777–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.20481
- Schnell, W. C., and R. L. Grossman. 1979. “Vectoring Nonaxisymmetric Nozzle Jet Induced Effects on a V/STOL Fighter Model.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (12): 863–70. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58614
- Schoenstadt, Arthur L. 1975. “Nonlinear Relay Model for Post-Stall Oscillations.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (7): 572–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44475
- Scholz, Lukas, Andreas Dekiert, Finn Hubner, and Ulf Bestmann. 2022. “Concept for Sensor and Processing Equipment for Optical Navigation of VTOL during Approach and Landing.” In 2022 IEEE/AIAA 41st Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc55683.2022.9925802
- Schouten, G. 1982. “Static Pressure in the Slipstream of a Propeller.” Journal of Aircraft 19 (3): 251–53. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44754
- Schouten, Gerrit. 1993. “Theodorsen’s Ideal Propeller Performance with Ambient Pressure in the Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 30 (3): 417–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46355
- Schouten, Gerrit. 1999. “Theodorsen’s Propeller Performance with Rollup and Swirl in the Slipstream.” Journal of Aircraft 36 (5): 892–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2525
- Schroeder, Jeffery A., and William W. Y. Chung. 2000. “Simulator Platform Motion Effects on Pilot-Induced Oscillation Prediction.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 23 (3): 438–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4578
- Schulte, Axel, Diana Donath, and Fabian Honecker. 2015. “Human-System Interaction Analysis for Military Pilot Activity and Mental Workload Determination.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2015.244
- Schuppe, T. F. 1989. “A Comparison of Serial and Parallel Processing Simulation Models of Pilot Workload.” In 1989 Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wsc.1989.718785
- Schwagerus, Nils, Marcel Stößel, and Dragan Kožulović. 2026. “Numerical Study of Perpendicularly Injected Jet for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Applications.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038954
- Schweiger, Karolin, and Franz Knabe. 2023. “Vertidrome Airside Level of Service: Performance-Based Evaluation of Vertiport Airside Operations.” Drones 7 (11): 671. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7110671
- Schweiger, Karolin, and Lukas Preis. 2022. “Urban Air Mobility: Systematic Review of Scientific Publications and Regulations for Vertiport Design and Operations.” Drones 6 (7): 179. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6070179
- Schweiger, Karolin, Reinhard Schmitz, and Franz Knabe. 2023. “Impact of Wind on eVTOL Operations and Implications for Vertiport Airside Traffic Flows: A Case Study of Hamburg and Munich.” Drones 7 (7): 464. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7070464
- Schweim, Marie A., Anne K. Schweim, Mirco Alpen, and Joachim Horn. 2026. “How Much Phase Awareness Is Needed for Quadrotor Landing on a Moving Platform?” In 2026 International Symposium ELMAR. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/elmar71231.2026.11712189
- Scordamaglia, V., M. Mattei, and G. Franzé. 2025. “Norm-Bounded Model Predictive Control Allocation Strategy for an over-Actuated Aircraft.” IEEE Open Journal of Control Systems 4: 518–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojcsys.2025.3619810
- Scordamaglia, V., A. Sollazzo, and M. Mattei. 2012. “Fixed Structure Flight Control Design of an over-Actuated Aircraft in the Presence of Actuators with Different Dynamic Performance.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 45 (13): 127–32. https://doi.org/10.3182/20120620-3-dk-2025.00173
- Seher-Weiß, Susanne, and Michael Jones. 2021. “Control Equivalent Turbulence Input Models for Rotorcraft in Hover and Forward Flight.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (8): 1517–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005931
- Seibert, Werner, and Robert Lewis. 2005. “Slipstream Effects Studied with CFD.” ATZautotechnology 5 (2): 60–63. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf03246888
- Seitz, W. R., and R. E. Goodson. 1973. “Flight Director Design for a STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 10 (8): 491–94. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44385
- Semerikov, Serhiy O., Pavlo P. Nechypurenko, Tetiana A. Vakaliuk, Iryna S. Mintii, and Andrii O. Kolhatin. 2025. “Vision-Based Autonomous UAV Landing: A Comprehensive Review of Technologies, Techniques, and Applications.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 111 (4): 115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-025-02314-4
- Senkul, Fatih, and Erdinc Altug. 2013. “Modeling and Control of a Novel Tilt — Roll Rotor Quadrotor UAV.” In 2013 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2013.6564796
- Senkul, Fatih, and Erdinc Altug. 2014. “Adaptive Control of a Tilt: Roll Rotor Quadrotor UAV.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842367
- Seraj, Sabet, and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. 2022. “Predicting the High-Angle-of-Attack Characteristics of a Delta Wing at Low Speed.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (4): 1071–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036618
- Serrani, A. 2012. “Output Regulation for over-Actuated Linear Systems via Inverse Model Allocation.” In 2012 IEEE 51st IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2012.6426209
- Setlur, P., D. Dawson, Y. Fang, and B. Costic. n.d. “Nonlinear Tracking Control of the VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 40th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (Cat. No.01CH37228). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/.2001.980928
- Sha, Junjiang, Dong Cao, and Yuyang Qin. 2025. “Research on Multi-Engine Synchronization Control Strategy of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 8th International Conference on Intelligent Robotics and Control Engineering (IRCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irce66030.2025.11203165
- Shageer, Hesham M., Gang Tao, and Jason O. Burkholder. 2008. “Adaptive Spline Function Based Compensation of Synthetic Jet Actuators for Aircraft Flight Control.” In 2008 47th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2008.4739471
- Shankar, Ajay, Sebastian Elbaum, and Carrick Detweiler. 2021. “Freyja: A Full Multirotor System for Agile & Precise Outdoor Flights.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra48506.2021.9562076
- Shao, Yan, Wanbo Wang, Jiao Sun, Wenyi Chen, Xinhai Zhao, and Jiaxin Pan. 2025. “Design of High-Efficiency Jet Lift Enhancement for Flaps under Propeller Slipstream Influence.” Aerospace 12 (3): 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12030232
- Sharma, R., and M. Aldeen. 2007. “Fault and Unknown Input Reconstruction in VTOL Aircraft System Using Sliding Mode Observer.” In 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068640
- Sharma, Abhinav, Ashwani Padthe, and Peretz P. Friedmann. 2021. “Helicopter Shipboard Landing Simulation Including Wind, Deck Motion and Dynamic Ground Effect.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (3): 467–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035973
- Sharma, Shobhit, Deepa S. K. Priya, and Bhukya Chennakeshavulu. 2025a. “Design and Transition Optimization of Hybrid e-VTOL UAV.” In 2025 International Conference on Emerging Technology in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (ETAAV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/etaav66793.2025.11212925
- Shastry, Abhishek Kumar, Mangal Kothari, and Abhishek Abhishek. 2018. “Generalized Flight Dynamic Model of Quadrotor Using Hybrid Blade Element Momentum Theory.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (5): 2162–68. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034899
- Sheen, Guanbin, Hexi Baoyin, Xianyu Wang, and Jingyang Li. 2023. “Modeling of Hovering Intermeshing Rotor Using Blade Element Momentum Theory.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (2): 560–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036528
- Shen, Yaohua, and Mou Chen. 2024. “Event-Triggering-Learning-Based ADP Control for Post-Stall Pitching Maneuver of Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics 54 (1): 423–34. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2022.3213178
- Shen, Ting-Ju, and Chieh-Li Chen. 2025. “Model-in-the-Loop Design and Flight Test Validation of Flight Control Laws for a Small Fixed-Wing UAV.” Drones 9 (9): 624. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9090624
- Shen, Kaichuan, Keke Geng, Tianxiao Ma, Xiaolong Cheng, Zhichao Liu, and Ang Li. 2023. “Vision-Based Autonomous Tracking and Landing Method for UAV on a Dynamic Platform.” In 2023 7th CAA International Conference on Vehicular Control and Intelligence (CVCI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cvci59596.2023.10397339
- Shen, Yuxin, Zhengping Wang, Kelei Wang, Zhou Zhou, and Xiaopeng Zou. 2026. “Propulsion/aerodynamic Coupling Analytic Modeling of Distributed Propulsion Wing Unit with Induced Wing.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110883. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110883
- Shen, Kai, Yu Zhuang, and Yixiao Zhu. 2020. “Incremental Learning-Based Land Mark Recognition for Mirco-UAV Autonomous Landing.” In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9188835
- Sheng, Chunhua. 2018. “Role of Transition Modeling in Rotor Hover Predictions.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (1): 23–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034137
- Sheng, Shouzhao, and Chenwu Sun. 2015. “A near-Hover Adaptive Attitude Control Strategy of a Ducted Fan Micro Aerial Vehicle with Actuator Dynamics.” Applied Sciences 5 (4): 666–81. https://doi.org/10.3390/app5040666
- Sheng, Chunhua, Qiuying Zhao, and Matthew Hill. 2018. “Computational Investigation of a Full-Scale Proprotor Hover Performance and Flow Transition.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (1): 122–32. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034015
- Sheng Zhao, Wenjie Dong, and Jay A. Farrell. 2013. “Quaternion-Based Trajectory Tracking Control of VTOL-UAVs Using Command Filtered Backstepping.” In 2013 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2013.6579970
- Shenoy, K. Rajarama, and Robin B. Gray. 1981. “Iterative Lifting Surface Method for Thick Bladed Hovering Helicopter Rotors.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (6): 417–24. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57507
- Sheridan, Arthur E. 1986. “Turbine Bypass Remote Augmentor Lift System for V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (9): 703–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45365
- Sherrieb, H. E. 1979. “Ground Effects Testing of Two-, Three-, and Four-Jet Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (6): 393–97. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58537
- Shi, Shijie, Jiabo Huo, Zhongbao Liu, and Aicheng Zou. 2024b. “Rapid Design Method of Heavy-Loaded Propeller for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Energies 17 (4): 786. https://doi.org/10.3390/en17040786
- Shi, Chuanbeibei, Kaidi Wang, and Yushu Yu. 2022. “Expandable Fully Actuated Aerial Vehicle Assembly: Geometric Control Adapted from an Existing Flight Controller and Real-World Prototype Implementation.” Drones 6 (10): 272. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6100272
- Shi, Jin, Jun Zhou, and Liaoni Wu. 2021. “Aerodynamic Investigation of a General Aviation Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Advances in Electrical Engineering and Computer Applications (AEECA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aeeca52519.2021.9574397
- Shi, Haibin, Yuanbin Zou, Chuanping Wu, Zhi Xu, and Menghao Guo. 2019. “Position Regulation of Quadrotor Aircraft Based on Internal Model Principle.” In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832971
- Shih, Wei-Chen, and Jie Tung Zou. 2026. “Hardware Selection and Integration Analysis for a 60kg-Class Hybrid-Electric VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV.” In 2026 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics - Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icce-taiwan71481.2026.11652826
- Shin, Choon Sik, Heuy Dong Kim, Toshiaki Setoguchi, and Shigeru Matsuo. 2010. “A Computational Study of Thrust Vectoring Control Using Dual Throat Nozzle.” Journal of Thermal Science 19 (6): 486–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-010-0413-x
- Shin, Suyoung, and Keumjin Lee. 2023. “Assessment of Approach and Departure Paths for Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Aerospace Information Systems 20 (12): 917–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.i011278
- Shin, Hyelim, Taesik Lee, and Hyun-Rok Lee. 2022. “Skyport Location Problem for Urban Air Mobility System.” Computers & Operations Research 138: 105611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cor.2021.105611
- Shirbhate, Vishal S., K. Siva Kumar, Kiran Chutkey, Azhar Ali Mohammed, and Ajay Krishna. 2025. “Ground Effect Studies on Unmanned Air Vehicle with High Aspect Ratio Wing.” Sādhanā 50 (3): 162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-025-02838-3
- Shojae, Fardin J., Mehdi Salehi, Mohammad Ja’fari, Artur J. Jaworski, and Bahador Bakhtiari Nia. 2025. “Passive Control of Vortex Breakdown on Slender Delta Wing Using Control Bump and Cavity at Low Reynolds Number.” Ocean Engineering 329: 121086. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2025.121086
- Shomber, Henry A., and W. Marvin Gertsen. 1967. “Longitudinal Handling Qualities Criteria: An Evaluation.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (4): 371–76. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43851
- Shree, Atulya Shivam, Radhe Shyam Sharma, Laxmidhar Behera, and K. S. Venkatesh. 2017. “Position Based Visual Control of the Hovering Quadcopter.” In Intelligent Human Computer Interaction. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52503-7_2
- Shumsky, G. 2004. “The Oscillation Delta Wing at the High Angel of Attack.” In Proceedings. The 8th Russian-Korean International Symposium on Science and Technology, 2004. KORUS 2004., vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/korus.2004.1555678
- Shumsky, Gennady. 2006. “Wing Rock on a Delta Wing.” In 2006 International Forum on Strategic Technology. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2006.312262
- Shumsky, Gennady. 2010. “Self-Indused Roll-Oscillation Delta Wing on High Angeles of Attack.” In International Forum on Strategic Technology 2010. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ifost.2010.5667939
- Shunxiang, Hou, and Ling Rui. 2017. “Tracking Control for Underactuated VTOL Aircraft.” In 2017 29th Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2017.7978781
- Shuo, Gao, Huynh Khac Tuan, Langeron Yves, and Grall Antoine. 2025. “Degradation-Based Control Allocation of Stochastically Deteriorating over-Actuated Systems.” In 2025 International Conference on Electrical Systems & Automation (ICESA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icesa66763.2025.11281122
- Siclari, M. J., D. Migdal, T. W. Luzzi, J. Barche, and J. L. Palcza. 1976. “Development of Theoretical Models for Jet-Induced Effects on V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 13 (12): 938–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58733
- Sidorenko, Andrey A., Alexey D. Budovskiy, Anatoly A. Maslov, et al. 2013. “Plasma Control of Vortex Flow on a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” Experiments in Fluids 54 (8): 1585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-013-1585-4
- Sieberling, S., Q. P. Chu, and J. A. Mulder. 2010. “Robust Flight Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Angular Acceleration Prediction.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 33 (6): 1732–42. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.49978
- Sikdar, Arindam, Abhimanyu Sahu, Debajit Sen, Rohit Mahajan, and Ananda S. Chowdhury. 2021. “Unconstrained Vision Guided UAV Based Safe Helicopter Landing.” In 2020 25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpr48806.2021.9412966
- Sikora, Adam, and Roman Czyba. 2018. “Independent Flight Management System for Unmanned VTOL Aircraft.” In 2018 23rd International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2018.8486095
- Silva, M. F., A. S. Cerqueira, V. F. Vidal, L. M. Honorio, M. F. Santos, and E. J. Oliveira. 2017. “Landing Area Recognition by Image Applied to an Autonomous Control Landing of VTOL Aircraft.” In 2017 18th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2017.7970404
- Silva Cotta, Joao Leonardo, Hector Gutierrez, Ivan R. Bertaska, John P. Inness, and John Rakoczy. 2024. “High-Altitude Precision Landing by Smartphone Video Guidance Sensor and Sensor Fusion.” Drones 8 (2): 37. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8020037
- Silwal, Lokesh, Mahendra Bhagwat, and Vrishank Raghav. 2022. “Aerodynamic Interactions of Counter-Rotating Coaxial Rotors Hovering in Ground Effect.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (6): 1416–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036941
- Simmons, Benjamin M. 2021. “System Identification for Propellers at High Incidence Angles.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (6): 1336–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036329
- Simmons, Benjamin M. 2023b. “System Identification Approach for eVTOL Aircraft Demonstrated Using Simulated Flight Data.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (4): 1078–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036896
- Simmons, Benjamin M., Kasey A. Ackerman, and Garrett D. Asper. 2026. “Aeropropulsive Damping Characterization for eVTOL Aircraft Using Free-Motion Wind-Tunnel Testing.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (2): 465–79. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038339
- Simmons, Benjamin M., James L. Gresham, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2023a. “Flight-Test System Identification Techniques and Applications for Small, Low-Cost, Fixed-Wing Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (5): 1503–21. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037260
- Simplício, P., M. D. Pavel, E. van Kampen, and Q. P. Chu. 2013. “An Acceleration Measurements-Based Approach for Helicopter Nonlinear Flight Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Control Engineering Practice 21 (8): 1065–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.03.009
- Singh, Anubhav, George Darikas, Mahyar Koshkouei, et al. 2026. “Foresight-Based Fault Detection for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Battery Packs.” Journal of Energy Storage 178: 123650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2026.123650
- Singh, Mayank, Krysten Lambeth, Ashwin Iyer, and Nitin Sharma. 2024. “Dynamic Active Subspaces for Model Predictive Allocation in over-Actuated Systems.” IEEE Control Systems Letters 8: 145–50. https://doi.org/10.1109/lcsys.2023.3342094
- Singh, S., B. V. L. Narayana, A. Mishra, R. N. Banavar, and K. V. Srinivasan. n.d. “Controller Synthesis and Real-Time Simulation of the Net Recovery Phase of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Control Applications, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2002.1040198
- Singh, Udai, and Nidhi Singh Pal. 2019. “Roll Angle Control of an Aircraft Using Adaptive Controllers.” In 2019 International Conference on Automation, Computational and Technology Management (ICACTM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icactm.2019.8776731
- Singla, Puneet, and John L. Junkins. 2007. “A Hierarchical Control Distribution Approach for Large Scale over Actuated Systems.” In 2007 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2007.4283131
- Sinha, Nandan K., and N. Ananthkrishnan. 2002. “Maximum Steady Roll Rate in Zero-Sideslip Roll Maneuvers of Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 39 (5): 897–99. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3014
- Sini, S., and T. Ananthan. 2022. “A Disturbance Observer Based Control for Quadrotor Aircraft Subject to Wind Gusts.” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Informatics, Communication and Energy Systems (SPICES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/spices52834.2022.9774226
- Sirohi, Jayant. 2013. “High-Speed Hover-Capable Morphing Micro Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (6): 1765–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032144
- Sisson, Nathaniel, Eren Sarioglu, K. Merve Dogan, and Benjamin Gruenwald. 2024. “Generalized Discrete Adaptive Control Allocation for over-Actuated Systems.” In 2024 IEEE 63rd Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc56724.2024.10885988
- Siwakosit, W., S. A. Snell, and R. A. Hess. 2000. “Robust Flight Control Design with Handling Qualities Constraints Using Scheduled Linear Dynamic Inversion and Loop-Shaping.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 8 (3): 483–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/87.845879
- Skifstad, J. G. 1970. “Aerodynamics of Jets Pertinent to VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (3): 193–204. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44146
- Škvareková, Iveta, Pavol Pecho, Viliam Ažaltovič, and Branislav Kandera. 2020. “Number of Saccades and Fixation Duration as Indicators of Pilot Workload.” Transportation Research Procedia 51: 67–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2020.11.009
- Smeur, Ewoud J. J., Murat Bronz, and Guido C. H. E. de Croon. 2020. “Incremental Control and Guidance of Hybrid Aircraft Applied to a Tailsitter Unmanned Air Vehicle.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (2): 274–87. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004520
- Smeur, Ewoud J. J., Guido C. H. E. de Croon, and Qiping Chu. 2016b. “Gust Disturbance Alleviation with Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759827
- Smeur, E. J. J., G. C. H. E. de Croon, and Q. Chu. 2018. “Cascaded Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for MAV Disturbance Rejection.” Control Engineering Practice 73: 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.01.003
- Smith, Ralph H. 1966. “VTOL Control Power Requirements Reappraised.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (1): 11–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43700
- Smith, Crawford F., and Jack G. McArdle. 1992. “Flow in a Ventral Nozzle for Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 8 (2): 530–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.23508
- Snell, S. A., and P. W. Stout. 1994. “Improved Robustness for Dynamic Inversion Based Nonlinear Flight Control Laws.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 27 (13): 261–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)45810-1
- So-Ryeok Oh, K. Pathak, S. K. Agrawal, H. R. Pota, and M. Garrett. 2005. “Autonomous Helicopter Landing on a Moving Platform Using a Tether.” In Proceedings of the 2005 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robot.2005.1570726
- Sobron, Alejandro, David Lundström, and Petter Krus. 2021. “A Review of Current Research in Subscale Flight Testing and Analysis of Its Main Practical Challenges.” Aerospace 8 (3): 74. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8030074
- Sohail, Syed Qasim, Farooq Akram, Nadeem Hussain, and Aamer Shahzad. 2021. “Design and Transition of a Quad Rotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV with Experimental Verification.” In 2021 International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technologies (IBCAST). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ibcast51254.2021.9393187
- Soltmann, Lars M., and Charles E. Hall. 2017. “Power-Required Flight Testing of Unmanned Aerial Systems Using Non-Steady-State Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (3): 1162–71. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033982
- Solz, T. J., K. K. Liggett, J. M. Reising, and D. C. Hartsock. 1993. “New Cockpit Technology: How Do We Really Know It Benefits the Pilot?” In [1993 Proceedings] AIAA/IEEE Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.1993.283530
- Son, Chankyu, and Taewoo Kim. 2023. “Actuator Disk Model with Improved Tip Loss Correction for Hover and Forward Flight Rotor Analysis.” Aerospace 10 (6): 494. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060494
- Song, Zhiwei, Xiaolin Lu, Changyi Zhou, and Henglai Wei. 2026b. “Terrain-Aware Full-Attitude Control for Autonomous UAV Landing on Moving Ground Vehicles.” In 2026 41st Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac71005.2026.11615697
- Song, Hyeon Su, Rho Shin Myong, and Hakjin Lee. 2026a. “Multipropeller Interaction and Rotational Effects in Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” AIAA Journal: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j067305
- Song, Wei, Liguo Sun, and Qi Wang. 2024b. “Nonlinear Constrained Optimization Method for Dynamic Conversion Corridor of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 47 (12): 2661–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g007721
- Song, Hanbing, and Craig Underwood. 2007. “A Mars VTOL Aerobot: Preliminary Design, Dynamics and Control.” In 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2007.352716
- Song, Siyang, Weihong Wang, Ke Lu, and Lianghua Sun. 2015. “Nonlinear Attitude Control Using Extended State Observer for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In The 27th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2015 CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2015.7162038
- Sonkar, Sarvesh, Prashant Kumar, Deepu Philip, and Ajoy Kanti Ghosh. 2021. “Design and Simulation of LALE Vertical Take-off & Landing Aircraft.” In 2021 4th Asia Conference on Energy and Electrical Engineering (ACEEE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aceee51855.2021.9575142
- Sözer, Onuralp, and Tufan Kumbasar. 2023. “Quality-Aware Autonomous Navigation with Dynamic Path Cost for Vision-Based Mapping toward Drone Landing.” Drones 7 (4): 278. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7040278
- Spaans, Jos, Sam Gilbert, Karl A. Stol, and Salim Al-Zubaidi. 2024. “System Identification for Fully-Actuated UAV Control Allocation.” In 2024 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas60882.2024.10556907
- Sparavalo, Myroslav K. 2019. “Adequate Mathematical Modelling by Wide-Sense Robust Control Design in a Thrust-Vectored Flight Dynamics Problem.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11 (1): 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00425-x
- Sparavalo, Myroslav K. 2021. “Controllability versus Wide-Sense Robustness in Thrust-Vectored Flight Dynamics and Control: Canonical Lyapunov’s Second Method Approach.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 12 (4): 723–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-021-00526-6
- Spillman, J. J. 1967. “VTOL Short Range Jet Airliners.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (5): 457–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43868
- Sreenatha, A. G., and M. M. Kulkarni. 1992. “Robust Controller for Stability Augmentation of the Longitudinal Motion of an Aircraft.” In Singapore International Conference on Intelligent Control and Instrumentation [Proceedings 1992], vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/sicici.1992.637660
- Sridhar, Banavar, and Ail V. Phatak. 1989. “Rotorcraft Deceleration to Hover Using Image-Based Guidance.” In 1989 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1989.4790601
- Stanford, Bret, Mujahid Abdulrahim, Rick Lind, and Peter Ifju. 2007. “Investigation of Membrane Actuation for Roll Control of a Micro Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (3): 741–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.25356
- Steffensen, Rasmus, Agnes Steinert, and Ewoud J. J. Smeur. 2023. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Actuator Dynamics: An Incremental Control Perspective.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 46 (4): 709–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g007079
- Steils, William T. 1966. “V/STOL Hover Control System Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (5): 469–77. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59282
- Steinert, Agnes, Stefan Raab, Simon Hafner, Florian Holzapfel, and Haichao Hong. 2025a. “Advancements in Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Its Components: A Survey on INDI – Part II.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 38 (11): 103591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103591
- Steinert, Agnes, Stefan Raab, Simon Hafner, Florian Holzapfel, and Haichao Hong. 2025b. “From Fundamentals to Applications of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion: A Survey on INDI – Part I.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 38 (11): 103553. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2025.103553
- Stenfelt, Gloria, and Ulf Ringertz. 2013. “Yaw Departure and Recovery of a Tailless Aircraft Configuration.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (1): 311–15. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031868
- Stengel, Robert F. 1975. “Effect of Combined Roll Rate and Sideslip Angle on Aircraft Flight Stability.” Journal of Aircraft 12 (8): 683–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44482
- Stengel, Robert, John Broussard, and Paul Berry. 1976b. “Digital Controllers for VTOL Aircraft.” In 1976 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 15th Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1976.267873
- Stephen, Eric J. 1995. “Analysis of Rolled Delta Wing Flows Using Effective Sweep and Attack Angles.” Journal of Aircraft 32 (5): 978–84. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46826
- Stephens, Isaac, Ieuan Owen, Neale Watson, and Mark D. White. 2025. “Interaction between a Hovering Maritime Helicopter and Ship Exhaust Plume.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (6): 1759–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038160
- Stephenson, Ross, Dothang Truong, and Bill Deng Pan. 2026. “A Systems Perspective on Enhancing Operator Workload and Situational Awareness in Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems through First-Person View Integration.” Systems 14 (2): 167. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14020167
- Stepniewski, W. Z., and J. J. Schneider. 1964. “Design Philosophy and Operational Requirements of Subsonic Vtol Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 1 (3): 148–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43571
- Stewart, Reuben-Wayne, Jack Dooher, and Moble Benedict. 2026. “Flight Dynamics of a Hover-Capable Air-Launched Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Aerospace 13 (7): 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13070616
- Stokkermans, Tom C. A., Daniele Usai, Tomas Sinnige, and Leo L. M. Veldhuis. 2021. “Aerodynamic Interaction Effects between Propellers in Typical eVTOL Vehicle Configurations.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (4): 815–33. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035814
- Stone, R. Hugh. 2008. “Aerodynamic Modeling of the Wing-Propeller Interaction for a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (1): 198–210. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.15705
- Stone, R. Hugh, Peter Anderson, Colin Hutchison, Allen Tsai, Peter Gibbens, and K. C. Wong. 2008. “Flight Testing of the T-Wing Tail-Sitter Unmanned Air Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 45 (2): 673–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.32750
- Strand, T. 1967. “Inviscid-Incompressible-Flow Theory of Normal and Slightly Oblique Impingement of a Static Round Jet on the Ground.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (5): 466–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43869
- Strand, T. E., and John Ennis. 2012. “MV-22B High Density Altitude Handling Qualities.” In 2012 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2012.6187310
- Strawn, Roger C., and M. Jahed Djomehri. 2002. “Computational Modeling of Hovering Rotor and Wake Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 39 (5): 786–93. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3024
- Strozecki, Wojciech, and Said Mammar. 2021. “Neurally Optimized Model Predictive Control for Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Platform.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Networking, Sensing and Control (ICNSC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnsc52481.2021.9702230
- “Studies on Pilot Workload.” 1978. Applied Ergonomics 9 (4): 241. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(78)90091-1
- Stutz, Richard G., and George Price. 1964. “Agility Performance of Several Vstol and Stol Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 1 (5): 267–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43593
- Su, Shanwei. 2014. “Path Following Control of Non-Minimum Phase VTOL Aircraft via Minimum Distance Projection Method.” In The 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2014.6852257
- Su, Yao, Chi Chu, Meng Wang, et al. 2022. “Downwash-Aware Control Allocation for over-Actuated UAV Platforms.” In 2022 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros47612.2022.9981140
- Su, Shanwei, and Yan Lin. 2011a. “Approximate Trajectory Tracking Control of a Velocity-Senlorless VTOL Aircraft with Measurement Delays.” In IEEE Conference on Decision and Control and European Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2011.6160355
- Su, Shanwei, and Yan Lin. 2011b. “Robust Output Tracking Control of VTOL Aircraft without Velocity Measurements.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44 (1): 13846–51. https://doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.00912
- Su, Shanwei, and Yan Lin. 2012. “Robust Output Tracking Control for a Velocity-Sensorless Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft with Input Disturbances and Unmatched Uncertainties.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 23 (11): 1198–1213. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.2813
- Su, Shanfei, Xiaowen Shan, Peng Yu, and Hao Wang. 2024. “Energy Consumption Performance of a VTOL UAV in and out of Ground Effect by Flight Test.” Drones 8 (11): 625. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8110625
- Su, Zikang, Honglun Wang, and Xingling Shao. 2014. “Vehicle Attitude Control Using Finite Time Convergence Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Combined the Command Differential Signals.” In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2014.7007355
- Su, Shanfei, Peng Yu, Hao Wang, and Xiaowen Shan. 2025. “Design and Optimization of a Piecewise Flight Controller for VTOL UAVs.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (1): 180–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037806
- Sun, Sihao, Coen C. de Visser, and Qiping Chu. 2019. “Quadrotor Gray-Box Model Identification from High-Speed Flight Data.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (2): 645–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035135
- Sun, Jingxuan, Boyang Li, Chih-Yung Wen, and Chih-Keng Chen. 2020. “Model-Aided Wind Estimation Method for a Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 56 (2): 1262–78. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2019.2929379
- Sun, Changhao, Mengqi Liu, Chang’an Liu, Xueling Feng, and Hua Wu. 2021. “An Industrial Quadrotor UAV Control Method Based on Fuzzy Adaptive Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” Electronics 10 (4): 376. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040376
- Sun, Yage, Xiaoyan Zhang, and Hongjun Xue. 2024. “Research on Pilot Fatigue Model Based on Dynamic Workload.” In 2024 12th International Conference on Information Systems and Computing Technology (ISCTech). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isctech63666.2024.10845430
- Sun, Weiwei, and Nan Zhao. 2024. “Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Design Based on Foam 3D Printing Technology.” IEEE Access: 1–1. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3506597
- Supsukbaworn, Thanakorn, and Chin E. Lin. 2014. “Altitude Stabilization in Unmanned Vertical Take-Off/landing Aircraft.” In IECON 2014 - 40th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2014.7048479
- Suzuki, R., T. Matsumoto, A. Konno, et al. 2010. “Teleoperation of a Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In 2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2010.5651023
- Swaim, Robert L. 1969. “Comment: VTOL Aircraft Dynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 6 (2): 176a-176a. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44031
- Swaim, Robert L. 1970. “Minimum Control Power for VTOL Aircraft Stability Augmentation.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (3): 231–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44151
- Swaim, Robert L., and Alonzo J. Connor. 1968. “Gust Velocity Spatial Distribution Effects on Lateral-Directional Response of VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (1): 53–59. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43907
- Swaim, Robert L., and Supat Poopaka. 1982. “An Analytical Pilot Rating Method for Highly Elastic Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 5 (6): 578–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.19792
- Swaim, Robert L., and Wen-Yo Yen. 1979. “Effects of Dynamic Aeroelasticity on Aircraft Handling Qualities.” Journal of Aircraft 16 (9): 635–37. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58579
- Swarnkar, Swati, Hardik Parwana, Mangal Kothari, and Abhishek Abhishek. 2018a. “Biplane-Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV: Flight Dynamics and Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 41 (5): 1049–67. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g003201
- Syal, Monica, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2013. “Modeling of Bombardment Ejections in the Rotorcraft Brownout Problem.” AIAA Journal 51 (4): 849–66. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j051761
- Szafranski, Grzegorz, Roman Czyba, and Marian Blachuta. 2014. “Modeling and Identification of Electric Propulsion System for Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Design.” In 2014 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2014.6842287
- Taheri Gorji, Hamed, Nicholas Wilson, Jessica VanBree, Bradley Hoffmann, Thomas Petros, and Kouhyar Tavakolian. 2023. “Using Machine Learning Methods and EEG to Discriminate Aircraft Pilot Cognitive Workload during Flight.” Scientific Reports 13 (1): 2507. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29647-0
- Taherinezhad, Maryam, and Alejandro Ramirez-Serrano. 2023. “An Enhanced Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control Strategy for Advanced Unmanned Aircraft Systems.” Aerospace 10 (10): 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10100843
- Takahashi, Kenichiro, Hiroshi Fujimoto, Yoichi Hori, Hiroshi Kobayashi, and Akira Nishizawa. 2014. “Modeling of Propeller Electric Airplane and Thrust Control Using Advantage of Electric Motor.” In 2014 IEEE 13th International Workshop on Advanced Motion Control (AMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/amc.2014.6823329
- Takahashi, Timothy T., Jack A. Griffin, and Ramana V. Grandhi. 2024. “High-Speed Aircraft Stability and Control Metrics.” Aerospace 12 (1): 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12010012
- Takii, A., M. Yamakawa, S. Asao, and K. Tajiri. 2020. “Six Degrees of Freedom Flight Simulation of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft with Nacelle Conversion.” Journal of Computational Science 44: 101164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocs.2020.101164
- Tal, Ezra, and Sertac Karaman. 2018. “Accurate Tracking of Aggressive Quadrotor Trajectories Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Differential Flatness.” In 2018 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2018.8619621
- Tal, Ezra, and Sertac Karaman. 2021a. “Accurate Tracking of Aggressive Quadrotor Trajectories Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Differential Flatness.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 29 (3): 1203–18. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2020.3001117
- Tal, Ezra, and Sertac Karaman. 2022. “Global Incremental Flight Control for Agile Maneuvering of a Tailsitter Flying Wing.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 45 (12): 2332–49. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g006645
- Tamaskani, Reza, Alireza Alfi, and Vicenç Puig. 2026. “LMI-Based Robust Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Centralized Design for Flight Attitude Control.” Aerospace Science and Technology 172: 111656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.111656
- Tan, Fuxiao, Derong Liu, and Xinping Guan. 2014. “Online Optimal Control for VTOL Aircraft System Based on DHP Algorithm.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6897097
- Tan, Julian Kok Ping, SauKeong Ban, ChingSeong Tan, Thomas Ting Shee Peng, and Ng Chin Soon. 2010. “Preliminary Design of Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) UAV with Steerable Vertical Thrust Effect.” In 2010 IEEE Conference on Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ramech.2010.5513179
- Tanaka, K. 1981. “An Improved Approach to Predicting Pilot Rating Behavior.” Journal of Guidance and Control 4 (5): 530–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.19754
- Tanaka, Masahiro, Koji Murai, and Yuji Hayashi. 2013. “Evaluation of Pilot Mental Workload for Simulator Based Training Using Heart Rate Variability.” In 2013 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc.2013.783
- Tang, Jiahe. 2025. “Research on a Thrust Vectoring Control Method for High Angle of Attack Based on Improved Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2025 11th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Automation Technology (MMEAT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/mmeat65787.2025.11399073
- Tang, Emmanuel, Xinyu Cai, Shawndy Michael Lee, and Shaohui Foong. 2025b. “Smooth and Robust Trajectory Tracking of Single-Actuator Monocopters via Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 10 (11): 11824–31. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2025.3616650
- Tang, Wei, Yu Cao, Yi Liu, and Yunlong Zhang. 2020b. “Propulsion System Optimization for the Tail-Sitter VTOL SUAV.” In 2020 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac51589.2020.9326976
- Tang, Daquan, Yong Chen, and Kunhu Kou. 2014. “Navigation Method Based on the Solution to PnP Problem for Autonomous Landing of UAV.” In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2014.7007529
- Tang, D. M., J. K. Henry, and E. H. Dowell. 2002. “Effects of Steady Angle of Attack on Nonlinear Gust Response of a Delta Wing Model.” Journal of Fluids and Structures 16 (8): 1093–1110. https://doi.org/10.1006/jfls.2002.0465
- Tang, Yiqiao, Yipeng Yang, Chen Wu, and Zhan Li. 2025a. “Fault Tolerant Control of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Adaptive Control Allocation.” In 2025 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac67268.2025.11487048
- Tang, Li, Chuanxiang Yue, Lijing Ma, Jiahong Zhao, and Yuanqing Zhou. 2026. “City Fly: Modeling Demand and Vertiport Location Jointly for Urban Commuting.” Travel Behaviour and Society 42: 101142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tbs.2025.101142
- Tang, Hongyan, Dan Zhang, and Zhongxue Gan. 2020a. “Control System for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicle’s Adaptive Landing Based on Multi-Sensor Data Fusion.” Sensors 20 (16): 4411. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164411
- Tanveer, Ahsan, and Sarvat Mushtaq Ahmad. 2023. “Mathematical Modelling and Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Control of a Delta Wing UAV.” Aerospace 10 (6): 563. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060563
- Tărăbîc, Cornel Mihai, Cican Grigore, and Claudiu Capră. 2026. “Experimental Development of a Combustion Chamber Pressure Emulator for PID Tuning of a Micro Turbojet Fuel Control System.” Eng 7 (10): 553. https://doi.org/10.3390/eng7100553
- Tariq, Talha, and Meyer Nahon. 2020. “Constrained Control Allocation Approaches in Trajectory Control of a Quadrotor under Actuator Saturation.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213869
- Tarn, J. H., and F. Y. Hsu. n.d. “Fuzzy Control of Wing Rock for Slender Delta Wings.” In TENCON’92 - Technology Enabling Tomorrow. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/tencon.1992.271877
- Tarn, J. H., and F. Y. Hsu. 1993. “Fuzzy Control of Wing Rock for Slender Delta Wings.” In 1993 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1993.4793048
- Tartaruga, I., J. E. Cooper, M. H. Lowenberg, and Y. Lemmens. 2019. “Enhanced Evolutionary-Based Optimization Techniques Applied to a Nonlinear Landing Gear Design Problem.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (5): 2004–18. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035198
- Tayebi, A., and S. McGilvray. 2006. “Attitude Stabilization of a VTOL Quadrotor Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 14 (3): 562–71. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2006.872519
- Taylor, Megan, Asya Saldanli, and Andy Park. 2020. “Design of a Vertiport Design Tool.” In 2020 Integrated Communications Navigation and Surveillance Conference (ICNS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icns50378.2020.9222989
- Tellez-Belkotosky, Pablo A., Luis A. Reyes-Osorio, Edmundo Javier Ollervides-Vazquez, Javier Morales-Castillo, and Octavio Garcia-Salazar. 2025. “Simulation-Based Transition Maneuver Analysis of a Convertible UAV.” Computing in Science & Engineering 27 (3): 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1109/mcse.2025.3597193
- Teofilatto, Paolo. 2001. “Preliminary Aircraft Design: Lateral Handling Qualities.” Aircraft Design 4 (1): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1369-8869(00)00025-2
- Terceiro, Jaime. 1976. “Error Analysis for Combined Estimation and Control Systems with Application to VTOL Digital Flight Control Synthesis.” In 1976 IEEE Conference on Decision and Control including the 15th Symposium on Adaptive Processes. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.1976.267690
- Terrier, Douglas A., and Frank K. Lu. 2005. “Aerodynamically Controlled Expansion Nozzle for Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 21 (4): 763–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.13729
- Theilliol, Didier, Phillipe Weber, Abbas Chamseddine, and Youmin Zhang. 2015. “Optimization-Based Reliable Control Allocation Design for over-Actuated Systems.” In 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2015.7152415
- Theys, B., G. De Vos, and J. De Schutter. 2016. “A Control Approach for Transitioning VTOL UAVs with Continuously Varying Transition Angle and Controlled by Differential Thrust.” In 2016 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2016.7502519
- Thiemeier, Jakob, Constantin Öhrle, Felix Frey, Manuel Keßler, and Ewald Krämer. 2019. “Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics Analysis of Airbus Helicopters’ Compound Helicopter RACER in Hover under Crosswind Conditions.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 11 (1): 49–66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00392-3
- Thomas, Mathieu, José M. Pereira Figueira, Julien R. Serres, Thomas Rakotomamonjy, Franck Ruffier, and Antoine Hp Morice. 2021. “Helicopter Pilots Synchronize Their Altitude with Ship Heave to Minimize Energy When Landing on a Ship’s Deck.” International Journal of Aerospace Psychology 31 (2): 135–48. https://doi.org/10.1080/24721840.2020.1862659
- Tindell, Runyon H. 1966. “A Concise Approach to V/STOL Propulsion.” Journal of Aircraft 3 (3): 231–35. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43730
- Tipàn, Steven, Spilios Theodoulis, Sovanna Thai, and Michael Proff. 2020. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Design for Guided Projectiles.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 43 (5): 975–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g004976
- Tischler, M. B., and J. B. Barlow. 1981. “Determination of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a General Aviation Design.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (4): 238–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57487
- Toha, Siti Fauziah, Amir Fuhairah Abdul Rahim, Hasmah Mansor, and Rini Akmeliawati. 2015. “PID Tuned Artificial Immune System Hover Control for Lab-Scaled Helicopter System.” In 2015 10th Asian Control Conference (ASCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ascc.2015.7244873
- Tohidi, S. S., and Y. Yildiz. 2019. “Adaptive Human Pilot Model for Uncertain Systems.” In 2019 18th European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2019.8795847
- Tohidi, Seyed Shahabaldin, Yildiray Yildiz, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. 2016. “Fault Tolerant Control for over-Actuated Systems: An Adaptive Correction Approach.” In 2016 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2016.7525297
- Tohidi, S. S., Y. Yildiz, and I. Kolmanovsky. 2017. “Adaptive Control Allocation for over-Actuated Systems with Actuator Saturation.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 50 (1): 5492–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.08.1088
- Tohidi, S. S., Y. Yildiz, and I. Kolmanovsky. 2018. “Pilot Induced Oscillation Mitigation for Unmanned Aircraft Systems: An Adaptive Control Allocation Approach.” In 2018 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta.2018.8511389
- Tohidi, S. S., Y. Yildiz, and I. Kolmanovsky. 2021. “Sliding Mode Control for over-Actuated Systems with Adaptive Control Allocation and Its Applications to Flight Control.” In 2021 IEEE Conference on Control Technology and Applications (CCTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccta48906.2021.9659190
- Tournes, C., and C. D. Johnson. n.d. “Helicopter Hover Control Using Linear Adaptive Control Techniques.” In Proceedings of the Thirty-Fourth Southeastern Symposium on System Theory (Cat. No.02EX540). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ssst.2002.1027093
- Tousi, N. M., M. Coma, J. M. Bergadà, J. Pons-Prats, F. Mellibovsky, and G. Bugeda. 2021. “Active Flow Control Optimisation on SD7003 Airfoil at Pre and Post-Stall Angles of Attack Using Synthetic Jets.” Applied Mathematical Modelling 98: 435–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2021.05.016
- Trainelli, Lorenzo, and Alberto Rolando. 2011. “Reliable and Cost-Effective Flight Testing of Ultralight Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 48 (4): 1342–50. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031277
- Tran, Anh Tuan, Noboru Sakamoto, Yoshimitsu Kikuchi, and Koichi Mori. 2017. “Pilot Induced Oscillation Suppression Controller Design via Nonlinear Optimal Output Regulation Method.” Aerospace Science and Technology 68: 278–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.05.010
- Traub, Lance W. 2012. “High-Incidence Airfoil Lift and Drag Estimates.” Journal of Aircraft 49 (1): 311–14. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c031160
- Traub, Lance W., David Lund, Zachary Reeder, and Othon Rediniotis. 2006. “Preliminary Flight Tests of a Hinge-Less Roll Control Effecter.” Journal of Aircraft 43 (4): 1244–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.17899
- Traub, Lance W., Adam C. Miller, and Othon Rediniotis. 2004. “Comparisons of a Gurney and Jet-Flap for Hinge-Less Control.” Journal of Aircraft 41 (2): 420–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.6023
- Traub, Lance W., Brian Moeller, and Othon Rediniotis. 1998. “Low-Reynolds-Number Effects on Delta-Wing Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 35 (4): 653–56. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2352
- Tripathi, Naresh, Kalpana Johari, and Neelima Gupta. 2025. “Autonomous Landing of UAV on Moving Vehicle Using Fiducial Markers and Imaging Camera.” In 2025 International Conference on Emerging Technology in Autonomous Aerial Vehicles (ETAAV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/etaav66793.2025.11213124
- Tripathi, Amit Kumar, Prateek Kumar Sinha, and Amitabh Saraf. 2024. “Vision Based Runway Identification with Marked Runway for Automatic Landing Applications of UAV with Onboard Monocular and Stereo Vision Sensing.” In 2024 18th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision (ICARCV). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarcv63323.2024.10854986
- Tritschler, John K., Roberto Celi, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2014. “Methodology for Rotorcraft Brownout Mitigation through Flight Path Optimization.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 37 (5): 1524–38. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g000330
- Tritto, Michele, Valeria Fasson, Ludovica Di Pompeo, Arcangelo Merla, and Marco Fabbri. 2025. “Enabling Fighter Pilot Assistance: A Review on the Latest Advancements in Pilot Cognitive Workload Monitoring.” In 2025 IEEE International Workshop on Technologies for Defense and Security (TechDefense). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/techdefense67306.2025.11720944
- Trussa, Colin W., Clifford A. Whitfield, and Lian Duan. 2026. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Flat-Plate Delta Wing with Deflected Wing Tips.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038565
- Tu, Hao, Yebin Wang, Shaoshuai Mou, and Huazhen Fang. 2025. “Machine Learning-Driven Prediction of Lithium-Ion Battery Power Capability for eVTOL Aircraft.” In 2025 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc63710.2025.11107862
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2012a. “Aircraft Jet Engine Exhaust Nozzle Controller Based on Turbine Pressure Ratio Sensor with Micro-Jet System.” In 2012 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icate.2012.6403464
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2012b. “Aircraft Single-Spool Single-Jet Engine with Variable Area Exhaust Nozzle.” In 2012 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icate.2012.6403465
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2017b. “Aircraft Single-Jet Engine with Hydro-Mechanical Fuel Flow Controller.” In 2017 18th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2017.7970429
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2017c. “Hydro-Mechanical Fuel Flow Controller for Aircraft Jet Engines.” In 2017 18th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/carpathiancc.2017.7970423
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2018. “Engine Speed Control Unit for an Aircraft Jet Engine with Coolant Injection into the Combustor.” In 2018 International Conference on Applied and Theoretical Electricity (ICATE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icate.2018.8551435
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2023. “Aircraft Jet-Engine Exhaust Nozzle with Pneumatic-Hydraulic Control Unit.” In 2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284476
- Tudosie, Alexandru-Nicolae. 2024. “Study of an Aircraft Turbo-Jet Engine as Controlled Object.” In 2024 25th International Carpathian Control Conference (ICCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccc62069.2024.10569283
- Tullu, Abera, and Sunghun Jung. 2026. “Design, Modeling, and Control of Gimbal-Robotic-Arm for a Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Vertical Takeoff and Landing Capabilities.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics: 104381. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2026.104381
- Turkmen, Abdullah, and Erdinc Altug. 2020. “Design of a Quad-Jet VTOL UAS for Heavy-Lift Applications.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9214047
- Udayakumar, R., and Mohammed Ibrahim. 2019. “Design Analysis of Landing Gear System of an Aircraft.” In 2019 3rd International conference on Electronics, Communication and Aerospace Technology (ICECA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iceca.2019.8821873
- Uehara, Daiju, and Larry Matthies. 2019. “Energy Modeling of VTOL Aircraft for Titan Aerial Daughtercraft (TAD)Concepts.” In 2019 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2019.8742224
- Ugur, Muammer, and Aydin Yesildirek. 2025. “Improving Control Performance of Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV with Model-Based Reward and Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning.” Aerospace 12 (9): 814. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12090814
- Ugwueze, Osita, Thomas Statheros, Nadjim Horri, Michael A. Bromfield, and Jules Simo. 2023a. “An Efficient and Robust Sizing Method for eVTOL Aircraft Configurations in Conceptual Design.” Aerospace 10 (3): 311. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10030311
- Uhlig, Daniel V., and Michael S. Selig. 2017. “Modeling Micro Air Vehicle Aerodynamics in Unsteady High Angle-of-Attack Flight.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (3): 1064–75. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c033755
- ul Amin, Rooh, Li Aijun, Lu Hongshi, and Li Jiaxing. 2016. “An Adaptive Sliding Mode Control Based on Radial Basis Function Network for Attitude Tracking Control of Four Rotor Hover System.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828850
- Valeriya, Matasova. 2026. “Development of an Information and Control System for a VTOL Tilt Engine.” In 2026 ElCon Conference of Young Researchers in Electrical Engineering, Automation & Control Systems (ElCon-EE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/elcon-ee69794.2026.11452731
- Valmorbida, Giorgio, and Sergio Galeani. 2013. “Nonlinear Output Regulation for over-Actuated Linear Systems.” In 52nd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2013.6760580
- Van, E. Nguyen, D. Alazard, C. Döll, and P. Pastor. 2019. “Co-Design of Aircraft Vertical Tail and Control Laws Using Distributed Electric Propulsion.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 52 (12): 514–19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2019.11.295
- van der Wall, Berend G. 2024. “Helicopter Rotor in a Propeller Slipstream: Aerodynamic and Rotor Blade Flapping Responses.” Aerospace Science and Technology 151: 109341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109341
- van Gool, M. F. C. 1982. “Roll Response Criteria for Transport Aircraft with Advanced Flight Control Systems.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 5 (3): 251–57. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56164
- Van Nieuwstadt, Michiel J., and Richard M. Murray. 1998. “Rapid Hover-to-Forward-Flight Transitions for a Thrust-Vectored Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 21 (1): 93–100. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4202
- Vandersteen, A. D. 1987. “Avionics for the Small Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 2 (6): 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/maes.1987.5005419
- VanLandingham, Aaron, David K. Hall, and Herschel C. Pangborn. 2025. “Subscale Emulation of Full-Scale Hybrid Electric Aircraft Powertrains.” In 2025 IEEE/AIAA Transportation Electrification Conference and Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium (ITEC+EATS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/itec63604.2025.11098141
- VanOverbeke, Thomas J., and James D. Holdeman. 1990. “Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow Code Calculations of Hot Gas Ingestion.” Journal of Aircraft 27 (7): 577–82. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.25325
- Veaux, Jacques. 1988. “New Design Procedures Applied to Landing Gear Development.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (10): 904–10. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45678
- Vechtel, Dennis, and Jan-Philipp Buch. 2022. “Aspects of Yaw Control Design of an Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 13 (4): 847–60. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-022-00595-1
- Vegh, J. Michael. 2026. “Hybrid-Electric Design Studies for Long-Endurance Tailsitter Concept.” Journal of Aircraft 63 (4): 1650–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038393
- Velkoff, Henry R., Dwight A. Blaser, and Kenneth M. Jones. 1971. “Boundary-Layer Discontinuity on a Helicopter Rotor Blade in Hovering.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (2): 101–7. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44236
- Veneruso, Paolo, Enrico Miccio, Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Giacomo Gentile, and Carlo Tiana. 2023. “Vision-Aided Approach and Landing through AI-Based Vertiport Recognition.” In 2023 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas57906.2023.10155914
- Venkataraman, R., and D. B. Doman. 2001. “Control Allocation and Compensation for over-Actuated Systems with Non-Linear Effectors.” In Proceedings of the 2001 American Control Conference. (Cat. No.01CH37148). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2001.945998
- Venusamy, Kanagaraj, Sathya R. Narayanan, Daniel Sam, and Benaiah Walter John. 2023. “Study and Outline of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) System.” In 2023 Second International Conference on Electronics and Renewable Systems (ICEARS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icears56392.2023.10085366
- Vepa, Ranjan. 2021. “Control Allocation in an over Actuated Octocopter Drone.” In 2021 International Symposium of Asian Control Association on Intelligent Robotics and Industrial Automation (IRIA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iria53009.2021.9588777
- Verling, Sebastian, Thomas Stastny, Gregory Battig, Kostas Alexis, and Roland Siegwart. 2017. “Model-Based Transition Optimization for a VTOL Tailsitter.” In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2017.7989454
- Verling, S., B. Weibel, M. Boosfeld, K. Alexis, M. Burri, and R. Siegwart. 2016. “Full Attitude Control of a VTOL Tailsitter UAV.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487466
- Vernyi, Kyle, Matthew Stanko, and K. Merve Dogan. 2026. “Resilient Control with Adaptive Control Allocation for Uncertain over-Actuated Systems in the Presence of Unknown Actuator Degradation.” Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses 4 (2): 15. https://doi.org/10.3390/jeta4020015
- Vershinin, Y. A. 2008. “Adaptive Control System for Separation of Aircraft Motion on Roll and Sideslip.” In 2008 2nd International Symposium on Systems and Control in Aerospace and Astronautics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isscaa.2008.4776325
- Villanueva-Aguado, Mauro, and Murat Bronz. 2026. “INDI Control of Fixed-Wing Tilt-Rotor Applied to Tethered Flight.” In 2026 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas69441.2026.11598694
- Vindigni, Carmelo Rosario, Giuseppe Iacolino, Antonio Esposito, Calogero Orlando, and Andrea Alaimo. 2026. “Decision Tree-Based Pilot Workload Prediction through Optimized HRV Features Selection.” Aerospace 13 (1): 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13010073
- Vinje, Edward. 1968. “An Analysis of Pilot Adaptation in a Simulated Multiloop VTOL Hovering Task.” IEEE Transactions on Man Machine Systems 9 (4): 110–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmms.1968.300015
- Vinkler, Aharon P., Lincoln J. Wood, Uy-Loi Ly, and Robert H. Cannon Jr. 1980. “Minimum Expected Cost Control of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” Journal of Guidance and Control 3 (6): 517–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.56031
- Visonneau, Michel, and Emmanuel Guilmineau. 2024. “Adaptive Mesh Refinement for the Simulation of Flow around Multi Swept Delta Wing Configurations.” International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 38 (2–3): 194–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/10618562.2024.2427082
- “Visual and Manual Workload of the Helicopter Pilot.” 1977. Applied Ergonomics 8 (1): 46. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(77)90127-2
- Vlantis, Panagiotis, Panos Marantos, Charalampos P. Bechlioulis, and Kostas J. Kyriakopoulos. 2015. “Quadrotor Landing on an Inclined Platform of a Moving Ground Vehicle.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2015.7139490
- Vogeltanz, Tomáš. 2019. “Conceptual Design and Control of Twin-Propeller Tail-Sitter Mini-UAV: Conceptual Study of V-TS Mini-UAV.” CEAS Aeronautical Journal 10 (3): 937–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13272-019-00388-z
- Volakakis, Vasileios, and Hani S. Mahmassani. 2024. “Vertiport Infrastructure Location Optimization for Equitable Access to Urban Air Mobility.” Infrastructures 9 (12): 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures9120239
- Volakakis, Vasileios, and Hani S. Mahmassani. 2025. “Strategic Vertiport Placement for Airport Access: Utilizing Urban Air Mobility for Accelerated and Reliable Transportation.” Infrastructures 10 (9): 242. https://doi.org/10.3390/infrastructures10090242
- “VTOL Control and Display Design: Principles and Methods.” 1988. Applied Ergonomics 19 (2): 160. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(88)90036-1
- “VTOL: 1968.” 1969. Journal of Aircraft 6 (4): 289–98. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44054
- Waesche, J. E., and D. Migdal. 1977. “High-Perf Ormance Jet-V/STOL Development.” Journal of Aircraft 14 (2): 97–103. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.58753
- Walker, D. J., and P. Perfect. 2007. “Longitudinal Stability and Control of Large Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” IFAC Proceedings Volumes 40 (7): 413–18. https://doi.org/10.3182/20070625-5-fr-2916.00071
- Walters, M. M., and C. Henderson. 1983. “Development and Validation of the V/STOL Aerodynamics and Stability and Control Manual.” Journal of Aircraft 20 (5): 450–55. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44892
- Wang, Xinhua. 2013. “Takeoff/landing Control Based on Acceleration Measurements for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 350 (10): 3045–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2013.06.020
- Wang, Hanke. 2025. “GA-Optimized PID Control for Lateral Gust Resistance in Hovering UAV.” In 2025 4th International Conference on Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering (ICMME). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmme66407.2025.00061
- Wang, Xinhua, and Lilong Cai. 2015. “Mathematical Modeling and Control of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 47: 473–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2015.10.012
- Wang, Luofeng, and Renliang Chen. 2024. “Handling Qualities Assessment and Discussion for Helicopter with Slung Load Systems Utilizing Various Sling Configurations.” Aerospace 11 (9): 711. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11090711
- Wang, Xinhua, Zengqiang Chen, and Zhuzhi Yuan. 2015a. “Modeling and Control of an Agile Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 352 (12): 5437–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2015.09.012
- Wang, Lu, and Jianhua Cheng. 2020. “Finite-Time Terminal Sliding Mode Tracking Control of a VTOL UAV via the Generalized NDOB.” Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4651475
- Wang, Liya, Suyin Cui, Jiangao Zhang, Pei Zhu, and Zhi Sun. 2026e. “Bi-Level Optimization for Integrated Vertiport Location and Air-Route Planning in Urban UAV Logistics Networks.” Aerospace 13 (10): 890. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13100890
- Wang, Ning, Qi Deng, Hong Zhao, Jianchuan Yin, and Zhongjiu Zheng. 2018c. “Nonlinear Disturbance Observer-Based Sliding Backstepping Hovering Control of a Quadrotor.” In 2018 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2018.8407689
- Wang, Liming, Jian Di, Zhenlong Zhang, Fei Liao, and Haibo Ji. 2023e. “Modeling and Control of an Aerial Flight Platform Using for Fixed-Wing UAV Landing.” In 2023 9th International Conference on Control, Decision and Information Technologies (CoDIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/codit58514.2023.10284487
- Wang, Zian, Zheng Gong, Shengchen Mao, Zan Zhou, Yongliang Chen, and Tongren Zhang. 2022f. “Short Takeoff and Landing Strategy for Small-Scale Thrust-Vectoring Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing Vehicles.” Applied Sciences 12 (17): 8449. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12178449
- Wang, Dong, Qizhen Hong, Xin Huang, Xinbiao Pei, and Jing Wang. 2022c. “Numerical and Experimental Study on Vertical Takeoff and Separation of the Compound Aircraft.” IEEE Access 10: 47597–47617. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3171337
- Wang, Bo, Zhong-xi Hou, Zheng Guo, and Xian-zhong Gao. 2015b. “Space Range Estimate for Battery-Powered Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Central South University 22 (9): 3338–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-015-2874-2
- Wang, Zijian, Mingzhe Hou, and Mingrui Hao. 2021g. “Robust Composite Control of Telescopic Wing Morphing Aircraft with Control Allocation.” In 2021 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac53003.2021.9727458
- Wang, Bo, Zhong-xi Hou, Ya-fei Lu, and Xiong-feng Zhu. 2016c. “Hover Performance Estimation and Validation of Battery Powered Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Central South University 23 (10): 2595–2603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11771-016-3321-8
- Wang, Peizheng, Robert Houghton, and Arnab Majumdar. 2024c. “Detecting and Predicting Pilot Mental Workload Using Heart Rate Variability: A Systematic Review.” Sensors 24 (12): 3723. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24123723
- Wang, Yeping, Honglei Ji, Linghai Lu, and Pan Zhou. 2025f. “Modeling Multirotor Wake Interference in Quadrotor eVTOL Flight Dynamics and Handling Qualities.” Aerospace Science and Technology 165: 110533. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110533
- Wang, Zhi-Jin, Ping Jiang, and Ismet Gursul. 2007. “Effect of Thrust-Vectoring Jets on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (6): 1877–88. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.30568
- Wang, Mengtian, and Tai Jin. 2025. “Aerodynamic Performance of Propeller–Wing in Continuous Transition Mode under Different Strategies.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (3): 686–701. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038202
- Wang, Kangli, Yijie Ke, and Ben M. Chen. 2016a. “Development of Autonomous Hybrid UAV U-Lion with VTOL and Cruise Flying Capabilities.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim.2016.7576909
- Wang, Kangli, Yijie Ke, and Ben M. Chen. 2017b. “Autonomous Reconfigurable Hybrid Tail-Sitter UAV U-Lion.” Science China Information Sciences 60 (3): 033201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-016-9002-x
- Wang, Kangli, Yijie Ke, Shupeng Lai, Kehong Gong, Ying Tan, and Ben M. Chen. 2017g. “Model-Based Optimal Auto-Transition and Control Synthesis for Tail-Sitter UAV KH-Lion.” In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2017.8003118
- Wang, Yu, Qihang Li, and Pan Li. 2025c. “Estimation Method for Basic Parameters of High-Speed Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” Aerospace 12 (11): 992. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12110992
- Wang, Hongbo, Guangjia Li, Jie Li, and Junjie Zhuang. 2024a. “Aerodynamic Investigation for a Propeller-Induced Lift-Enhancing Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Configuration.” Drones 9 (1): 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9010020
- Wang, Jianfeng, Jun Li, Yuze Liu, et al. 2026i. “Design and Wind Tunnel Test of Control Laws for High Angle of Attack Flight of Low-Aspect-Ratio Flying-Wing UAVs Based on NDI.” Drones 10 (8): 601. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones10080601
- Wang, Y. K., Q. Li, W. Shi, and G. L. Sun. 2013. “Wing Rock Motion of an Aircraft Model at Fixed Angle of Attack.” Procedia Engineering 67: 357–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2013.12.035
- Wang, Dongheng, Bingqiang Li, Yiyun Zhao, and Jialei Yan. 2023c. “Control Strategy for High Lift Motors in Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2023 26th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icems59686.2023.10344623
- Wang, Xinhua, Jinkun Liu, and Kai-Yuan Cai. 2009b. “Tracking Control for a Velocity-Sensorless VTOL Aircraft with Delayed Outputs.” Automatica 45 (12): 2876–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2009.09.003
- Wang, Fenfen, Zhao Liu, and Haiming Tian. 2026k. “Research on Pilot Workload Predictive Control Technology Based on Task Complexity.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11560041
- Wang, Hao, Zhenbing Luo, Xiong Deng, Yan Zhou, and Jianyu Gong. 2025b. “Enhancement of Flying Wing Aerodynamics in Crossflow at High Angle of Attack Using Dual Synthetic Jets.” Aerospace Science and Technology 156: 109773. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109773
- Wang, Ya, Ximin Lyu, Haowei Gu, Shaojie Shen, Zexiang Li, and Fu Zhang. 2017d. “Design, Implementation and Verification of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991419
- Wang, Jie, and Baoli Ma. 2021. “Global Path Following Control for the Planar Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” International Journal of Control, Automation and Systems 19 (12): 4046–55. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12555-020-0682-4
- Wang, Yu, Wenyuan Ma, and Zhaolin Chen. 2024e. “Sensitivity Analysis for Design Parameters of Electric Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Aerospace 11 (4): 322. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11040322
- Wang, Haoyv, Shengzhao Pang, Heng Liu, Peng Li, Yingxue Chen, and Yigeng Huangfu. 2025d. “A Hierarchical Control Allocation Strategy for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 IEEE Industry Applications Society Annual Meeting (IAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ias62731.2025.11061393
- Wang, Yalong, Shengjun Qi, and Wenqiang Yin. 2021c. “Flight Mode Demonstration of the Prototype Aircraft Based on Flight Test of Scaled Aircraft.” In 2021 6th International Conference on Automation, Control and Robotics Engineering (CACRE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cacre52464.2021.9501289
- Wang, Huitao, Ji Qi, Zekai Zhu, and Xuanbo Ye. 2026h. “Data-Driven Robust Hovering Control for Quadrotor UAVs under Combined Wind Disturbance and Observation Fault.” In 2026 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Big Data Science and Engineering (ICBDSE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icbdse70225.2026.11635417
- Wang, Dong, Zheng Qiao, Guangxin Wu, Jiahui Xu, Xinbiao Pei, and Yue Bai. 2025a. “Adaptive Continuous Quasi-Fixed-Time Integral Terminal Sliding Mode Attitude Control for BiFlying-Wings Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles during Flight Mode Transition.” Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 192: 115992. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2025.115992
- Wang, Kun, Yulong Qin, and Guoyuan Qi. 2025e. “Modeling and Attitude Disturbances Rejection Control of the Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 50 (14): 11421–32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-024-09910-w
- Wang, Chuan, Michael Santone, and Chengyu Cao. 2012. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Suppression by Using Adaptive Control.” Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2012: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/394791
- Wang, Zhanglong, Haoping She, and Weiyong Si. 2017a. “Autonomous Landing of Multi-Rotors UAV with Monocular Gimbaled Camera on Moving Vehicle.” In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2017.8003095
- Wang, Xiaoguang, Chulun Shen, Hailong Jiang, Qi Lin, and Yangfeng Ji. 2023f. “Optimal Design and Verifications of Cable-Suspension Mechanism for High-Angle-of-Attack Unsteady Tests.” Journal of Aircraft: 1–7. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037327
- Wang, Hao, Shanfei Su, Xizhi Qiu, Yu Liang, Peng Yu, and Xiaowen Shan. 2022b. “The Hovering Stability of the Egretta Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9534180
- Wang, Xuerui, Erik-Jan van Kampen, Qiping Chu, and Peng Lu. 2019d. “Stability Analysis for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 42 (5): 1116–29. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g003791
- Wang, Dong, Fan Wang, Yue Bai, et al. 2026j. “Modeling and Hover Control of a Biplane Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation 162: 110180. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cnsns.2026.110180
- Wang, Fengqiu, Peng Wang, Hongde Deng, and Bin Chen. 2018d. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control of VTOL Tilt-Wing UAV.” In 2018 Eighth International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2018.00243
- Wang, Fengqiu, Peng Wang, Hongde Deng, and Bing Chen. 2018f. “Transition Performance Evaluation of a VTOL Tilt-Wing UAV.” In 2018 Eighth International Conference on Instrumentation & Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control (IMCCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2018.00244
- Wang, Haiqiang, Yue Wang, and Min Wang. 2016d. “On the Development of a Landing Gear Design Method in Aircraft Multidisciplinary Design Environment.” In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aus.2016.7748083
- Wang, Pengyu, Chaoqun Wang, Jiankun Wang, and Max Q.-H. Meng. 2022e. “Quadrotor Autonomous Landing on Moving Platform.” Procedia Computer Science 209: 40–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2022.10.097
- Wang, Zhigang, Qiannan Wang, Hongrui Yu, Dengyan Duan, Zhiwei Ding, and Jianbo Li. 2021h. “Trimming Analysis Method of Quad Tilt Rotor Based on Aerodynamic Interference Model.” Journal of Aircraft 58 (2): 253–65. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035943
- Wang, Gang, Zhenhong Wei, Zongyu Zuo, Hefeng Zhan, and Peng Li. 2026a. “Adaptive Augmentation of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Microquadrotor Aerobatic Flight Control.” IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems 62: 6225–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/taes.2026.3663140
- Wang, Zhiyan, Yu Wu, Bicong Jia, Renjie Wu, and Weilin Li. 2025h. “A Review of Dynamics Modeling and Control Methods for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 6th International Conference on Power Engineering (ICPE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icpe68635.2025.11407743
- Wang, Biao, Meng Wu, Chaoying Tang, and Chunsheng Liu. 2020a. “Model Predictive Control Design for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft at Low Speed Flight.” In 2020 IEEE 16th International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca51439.2020.9264481
- Wang, Mingkai, Guotai Xiaoyang, Ruichen He, Shuguang Zhang, and Jintao Ma. 2023b. “Bi-Layer Sizing and Design Optimization Method of Propulsion System for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Energy 283: 129052. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.129052
- Wang, Jinjun, and Yan Xu. 2004. “Experimental Studies on Control of Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” AIAA Journal 42 (2): 403–5. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.9101
- Wang, Hai-Kun, Zhi-Chao Xu, Yu-Kai Guo, Xin Liu, Qian Huang, and Huamei Cao. 2026d. “Battery Health Estimation for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Based on Dynamics-Informed Deep Learning.” Ionics 32 (10): 11217–40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11581-026-07335-z
- Wang, Dong, Jiahui Xu, Zheng Qiao, Yue Bai, and Cheng Peng. 2026f. “Cascaded Finite-Time Hovering Attitude Control for a Biplane Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAV Considering Actuator Dynamics.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110780. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110780
- Wang, Baoji, Teng Xu, Bailin Zheng, Yue Kai, and Kai Zhang. 2025g. “Predicting Battery Degradation for Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft: A Comprehensive Review of Methods, Challenges, and Future Trends.” eTransportation 26: 100477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etran.2025.100477
- Wang, Bohao, Yuehao Yan, Xingzhong Xiong, Qiang Han, and Zhouguan Li. 2024b. “Attitude Control of Small Fixed−Wing UAV Based on Sliding Mode and Linear Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” Drones 8 (7): 318. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8070318
- Wang, Yi, Hua Yang, Tianyi Liu, and Xiaoyan Ma. 2027. “Hybrid Modelling and Attitude Control of a Thrust Vectoring Flying-Wing with Nozzle Jet Dynamic Pressure Feedback.” Aerospace Science and Technology 180: 113669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.113669
- Wang, Lixin, Kun Yang, Peng Zhao, and Ting Yue. 2021b. “Aircraft Configuration Parameter Boundaries Based on Closed-Loop Flying Qualities Requirements.” Aerospace 8 (12): 360. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120360
- Wang, Huidong, Jianqiang Yi, and Guoliang Fan. 2009a. “Flight Control System Design with Hierarchy-Structured Dynamic Inversion and Dynamic Control Allocation.” In 2009 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.2009.5346006
- Wang, Weixin, Yang Yi, Xiang Yu, Rui Cao, Jianzhong Qiao, and Lei Guo. 2026g. “Conditional Disturbance Utilization-Based Intelligent Morphing and Flight Control for Morphing Aircraft Using Reinforcement Learning.” Science China Technological Sciences 69 (5): 1520302. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-025-3198-1
- Wang, Yining, Jianglong Yu, Qingdong Li, and Zhang Ren. 2017c. “Control Strategy for the Transition Flight of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027900
- Wang, Xiangyang, Xiaming Yuan, Jihong Zhu, and Yunjie Yang. 2019e. “Stability Analysis of Tailsitters in Vertical Takeoff and Landing Flights.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (4): 1487–1500. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035209
- Wang, Junjie, Xinfeng Zhang, Jiaxin Lu, and Zhengfei Tang. 2024d. “Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on the Aerodynamics of Propulsive Wing for a Novel Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” Aerospace 11 (6): 431. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11060431
- Wang, Gang, Minghui Zhang, Yujin Tao, et al. 2020c. “Research on Analytical Scaling Method and Scale Effects for Subscale Flight Test of Blended Wing Body Civil Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 106: 106114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106114
- Wang, Shuyang, Jing Zhang, and Lingyu Yang. 2020e. “Wind Disturbance Rejection Control Law Based on AESO for a Hybrid Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2020 39th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc50068.2020.9189580
- Wang, Zexin, Jiang Zhao, Zhihao Cai, Yingxun Wang, and Ningjun Liu. 2021e. “Onboard Actuator Model-Based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Quadrotor Attitude Control: Method and Application.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 34 (11): 216–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.03.018
- Wang, Ban, Huimin Zhao, Xinyue Hu, Yanyan Shen, and Ni Li. 2026b. “Adaptive Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Control of an over-Actuated Hybrid VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV under Transition Flight.” ISA Transactions 169: 263–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isatra.2025.12.046
- Wang, Lixin, Rong Zhao, and Yi Zhang. 2022a. “Aircraft Lateral-Directional Aerodynamic Parameter Identification and Solution Method Using Segmented Adaptation of Identification Model and Flight Test Data.” Aerospace 9 (8): 433. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9080433
- Wang, Kelei, Zhou Zhou, Zhongyun Fan, and Jiahao Guo. 2021a. “Aerodynamic Design of Tractor Propeller for High-Performance Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 34 (10): 20–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.01.008
- Wang, Chunyang, Zhou Zhou, and Rui Wang. 2019c. “Research on Dynamic Modeling and Transition Flight Strategy of VTOL UAV.” Applied Sciences 9 (22): 4937. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9224937
- Wang, Ning, Xiang Zhou, Fengyu Xu, and Jie Li. 2024f. “UAV Obstacle Avoidance and Landing on Moving Platform Based on Improved Proximal Policy Optimization Algorithm.” In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10865633
- Wang, Rui, Zhou Zhou, Xiaoping Zhu, and Zhengping Wang. 2021f. “Responses and Suppression of Joined-Wing UAV in Wind Field Based on Distributed Model and Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” Aerospace Science and Technology 115: 106803. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106803
- Wang, Wufan, Jihong Zhu, and Minchi Kuang. 2017e. “Design, Modelling and Hovering Control of a Tail-Sitter with Single Thrust-Vectored Propeller.” In 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206492
- Wang, Wufan, Jihong Zhu, Minchi Kuang, et al. 2019a. “Design and Hovering Control of a Twin Rotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” Science China Information Sciences 62 (9): 194202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-018-9733-8
- Wang, Wufan, Jihong Zhu, Minchi Kuang, and Xufei Zhu. 2018a. “Adaptive Attitude Control for a Tail-Sitter UAV with Single Thrust-Vectored Propeller.” In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2018.8463158
- Wang, Yunhe, Zhangzhen Zhu, and Yu Zhang. 2020b. “Modeling and Control of a Novel over-Actuated Tri-Rotor UAV.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213976
- Wang, Xiangyang, Bin Zhu, Jihong Zhu, and Zhiqiang Cheng. 2020d. “Thrust Vectoring Control of Vertical/short Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Science China Information Sciences 63 (2): 124202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-018-9795-y
- Wang Fawei. 2016. “Sliding Mode Fault Tolerant Control for over-Actuated Aircraft.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828898
- Warsch, Christopher, Arturo Carboné, Philipp Maas, et al. 2026. “Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Performance and Sizing Model for Novel Aircraft Propulsion Conceptual Design.” Aerospace 13 (7): 623. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13070623
- Watson, W. W., Rahim Lavi, and H. Asdurian. 1967. “A Large-Scale Test Vehicle for VTOL Ground Effects Studies.” Journal of Aircraft 4 (6): 547–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43886
- Watson, Alexandria R., Celestine Ntuen, and Eui Park. 1996. “Effects of Task Difficulty on Pilot Workload.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 31 (1–2): 487–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/0360-8352(96)00181-7
- Watson, Neale A., Ieuan Owen, and Mark D. White. 2020. “Piloted Flight Simulation of Helicopter Recovery to the Queen Elizabeth Class Aircraft Carrier.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (4): 742–60. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035733
- Webster, J. A. n.d. “Extreme Wide Field-of-View Displays and the Enclosed Cockpit.” In IEEE/AIAA 10th Digital Avionics Systems Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc.1991.177199
- Wei, Qingkai, Bao Chen, and Xun Huang. 2017a. “Comment on “Roll Control Using Only Synthetic Jet Actuators at High Angle of Attack”.” Journal of Aircraft 54 (3): 1238–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034079
- Wei, Peng, Xinfan Lin, and Zhaodan Kong. 2021b. “System Identification of Wind Effects on Multirotor Aircraft.” International Journal of Intelligent Robotics and Applications 6 (1): 104–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-021-00185-0
- Wei, Mengxuan, Maohang Qiu, Shuai Yang, Xiaoyan Liu, Jeff Taylor, and Dong Cao. 2021a. “Development of a Fuel Cell Hybrid Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Power Train.” In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecce47101.2021.9595968
- Wei, Yang, Haojun Xu, and Yuan Xue. 2020. “Adaptive Neural Networks-Based Dynamic Inversion Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control and Envelope Protection under Icing Conditions.” IEEE Access 8: 11577–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2964728
- Wei, Zhiyuan, Shuguang Zhang, Soheil Jafari, and Theoklis Nikolaidis. 2022. “Self-Enhancing Model-Based Control for Active Transient Protection and Thrust Response Improvement of Gas Turbine Aero-Engines.” Energy 242: 123030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.123030
- Wei Yuan and Jay Katupitiya. 2013. “Dynamic Modelling and Control of a Vectored Thrust Aerial Vehicle.” In 2013 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim.2013.6584284
- Weilenmann, M. F., U. Christen, and H. P. Geering. 1994. “Robust Helicopter Position Control at Hover.” In Proceedings of 1994 American Control Conference - ACC ‘94, vol. 3. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1994.735007
- Weilenmann, Martin F., and Hans P. Geering. 1994. “Test Bench for Rotorcraft Hover Control.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 17 (4): 729–36. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.21261
- Weiwei Kong, Daibing Zhang, Xun Wang, Zhiwen Xian, and Jianwei Zhang. 2013. “Autonomous Landing of an UAV with a Ground-Based Actuated Infrared Stereo Vision System.” In 2013 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2013.6696776
- Wen, Jianbo, Shaoqing Chen, Aidi Yang, and Yong Wang. 2021. “Research on Vertical Take-off and Landing Control of New VTOL Aircraft Based on ADRC.” In 2021 36th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac53711.2021.9486431
- Wen, Qingyi, Tao Jiang, Yudu Jiao, Yi Feng, Jinliang He, and Mo Tao. 2024. “Quaternion-Based Robust Quadrotor Landing Control on a Non-Cooperative Moving Platform.” In 2024 36th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc62350.2024.10587579
- Werle, Michael J. 2022. “Analytical Model for Ring-Wing Propulsors at Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aircraft 59 (5): 1351–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c036326
- Whidborne, James F., and Alastair K. Cooke. 2017. “Gust Rejection Properties of VTOL Multirotor Aircraft.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 50 (2): 175–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2017.12.032
- Whidborne, James F., Arthur P. Mendez, and Alastair Cooke. 2022. “Effect of Rotor Tilt on the Gust Rejection Properties of Multirotor Aircraft.” Drones 6 (10): 305. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6100305
- Whitaker, Kevin W., and Noshir S. Gowadia. 1994. “Aircraft Thrust Vectoring Using Flexible Nonaxisymmetric Nozzles.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (4): 984–86. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46592
- Whitfield, D. L., and A. Jameson. 1984. “Euler Equation Simulation of Propeller-Wing Interaction in Transonicflow.” Journal of Aircraft 21 (11): 835–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45052
- Wilhelm, Knut, and Dieter Schafranek. 1986. “Landing Approach Handling Qualities of Transport Aircraft with Relaxed Static Stability.” Journal of Aircraft 23 (10): 756–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45377
- Wille, Eva, Johannes Reichmuth, and Giovanna Miceli Ronzani Borille. 2026. “Determining Vertiport Airside Capacity Using Discrete Event Simulation.” Journal of the Air Transport Research Society 6: 100109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jatrs.2026.100109
- Willis, William S. 1981b. “Effect of Cross-Shafting on Landing Reliability of V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 18 (9): 794–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.57564
- Willis, Jacob B., and Randal W. Beard. 2021. “Nonlinear Trajectory Tracking Control for Winged eVTOL UAVs.” In 2021 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc50511.2021.9482620
- Wilson, Erich A., Dan Adler, and Pinhas Bar-Yoseph. 2003. “Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle Performance Modeling.” Journal of Propulsion and Power 19 (1): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.6100
- Winborn, Byron R. 1970. “ADAM III V/STOL Concept.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (2): 175–81. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44143
- Winick, Alexander B. 1968. “V/STOL All-Weather Guidance.” Journal of Aircraft 5 (5): 510–12. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.43976
- Winn, A. L., and R. B. Lewis. 1976. “Pilot Workload during Instrument Flight.” Applied Ergonomics 7 (1): 48. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(76)90023-5
- Wise, Kevin A. 1992. “Nonlinear Aircraft Flight Control Using Dynamic Inversion.” In 1992 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/acc.1992.4792318
- Wong, K. C., J. A. Guerrero, D. Lara, and R. Lozano. 2007. “Attitude Stabilization in Hover Flight of a Mini Tail-Sitter UAV with Variable Pitch Propeller.” In 2007 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2007.4399278
- Woo Chang Cha and K. Funk. 1997. “Communicating Pilot Goals to an Intelligent Cockpit Aiding System.” In 1997 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics. Computational Cybernetics and Simulation, vol. 4. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsmc.1997.633068
- Wood, R., and B. Cazzolato. 2007a. “Aggressive Nonlinear Stabilisation for VTOL Vehicles.” In 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068356
- Wood, R., and B. Cazzolato. 2007b. “An Approximate Backstepping Control Law for the Global Stabilisation of Symmetric VTOL Vehicles.” In 2007 Information, Decision and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/idc.2007.374540
- Wood, R., R. Mahony, and B. Cazzolato. 2007. “High Performance Control for Trajectory Tracking of Symmetric VTOL Vehicles with Significant Aerodynamic Effects.” In 2007 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2007.7068349
- Wu, Yilun, Xintong Du, Rikky Duivenvoorden, and Jonathan Kelly. 2019a. “The Phoenix Drone: An Open-Source Dual-Rotor Tail-Sitter Platform for Research and Education.” In 2019 International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra.2019.8794433
- Wu, Di, Haibo Du, and Wenwu Zhu. 2017. “Finite-Time Position Tracking Control of a Quadrotor Aircraft.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027431
- Wu, Linfeng, Chunwen Li, Qingqing Ding, Chao Wang, Le Zhu, and Xiyue Tan. 2020. “VTOL Control of Tailsitter UAV under Crosswind Disturbances.” In 2020 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc49329.2020.9164116
- Wu, Linfeng, Huanyu Li, Yingjie Li, and Chunwen Li. 2019b. “Position Tracking Control of Tailsitter VTOL UAV with Bounded Thrust-Vectoring Propulsion System.” IEEE Access 7: 137054–64. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2942526
- Wu, Feiyue, Jie Lian, and Maixiang Li. 2026. “Quantized Adaptive Control Allocation for Uncertain over-Actuated Systems with Unknown Efficiency Losses and Input Constraints.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 363 (7): 108638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2026.108638
- Wu, Mengming, Xingguo Song, Xu Fang, and Xiao Han. 2025a. “Enhanced UAV Autonomous Landing through YOLOv10-Based Marker Detection with Lightweight and Context-Aware Network.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179168
- Wu, Hao, Wei Wang, Tong Wang, and Satoshi Suzuki. 2025b. “High-Precision Landing on a Moving Platform Based on Drone Vision Using YOLO Algorithm.” Drones 9 (4): 261. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9040261
- Wu, Lizhen, Chang Wang, Pengpeng Zhang, and Changyun Wei. 2022a. “Deep Reinforcement Learning with Corrective Feedback for Autonomous UAV Landing on a Mobile Platform.” Drones 6 (9): 238. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6090238
- Wu, Zhiyuan, Yong Wang, Tong Zhou, and Jianmei Shuai. 2021. “Design and Hover Control of a Tilt Tri-Rotor Flying-Wing Aircraft.” In 2021 36th Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac53711.2021.9486480
- Wu, Zeliang, Jianchuan Ye, and Tao Song. 2024b. “Agile Flight Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Highly Realistic Model of Actuator.” In 2024 8th International Conference on Robotics, Control and Automation (ICRCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icrca60878.2024.10649121
- Wu, Zeliang, Jianchuan Ye, Tao Song, Tao Jiang, and Xiaojie Su. 2024a. “Aggressive Flight Control of Quadrotors Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with a High-Fidelity Thrust Unit Model.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 361 (10): 106914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2024.106914
- Wu, Wenhai, Yang Zhang, Liting Song, and Delin Luo. 2018. “Decoupling ADRC Lateral/Directional Controller of Autonomous Carrier-Based UAV Landing.” In 2018 IEEE CSAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/gncc42960.2018.9018887
- Xi, Pengcheng, Andrew Law, Rafik Goubran, and Chang Shu. 2019b. “Pilot Workload Prediction from ECG Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks.” In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Medical Measurements and Applications (MeMeA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/memea.2019.8802158
- Xi, Chenyang, and Xinfu Liu. 2020. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Trajectory Planning via Staged Reinforcement Learning.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213983
- Xi, Leiping, Quanmin Zhu, and Dizhou Zhang. 2016. “Sliding Mode Control Design Based on Fuzzy Reaching Law for Yaw Angle of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2016 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604925
- Xia, Yingdong, Naiming Qi, Bo Qi, et al. 2026. “Disturbance-Tolerant Bidirectional Transition Control for Quadplane VTOL Aircraft Using Unified Parameters via Reference Shaping and Trim Mapping.” Aerospace Science and Technology 176: 112166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2026.112166
- Xia, Kewei, Minho Shin, Wonmo Chung, Myunggun Kim, Sangheon Lee, and Hungsun Son. 2022. “Landing a Quadrotor UAV on a Moving Platform with Sway Motion Using Robust Control.” Control Engineering Practice 128: 105288. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2022.105288
- Xia, Xinglu, Muqing Yang, Gang Chen, Liang Zhang, and Jiajia Hou. 2021. “Transition Flight Control and Simulation of a Novel Tail-Sitter UAV with Varying Fuselage Shape.” IEEE Access 9: 65574–87. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3076343
- Xian, Fengqing, Qingbo Geng, and Kui Liu. 2026. “Enhanced Transition Control for Tail-Sitter UAVs: An Integrated NDI-ADRC Approach.” In 2026 38th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc69976.2026.11559972
- Xiang, Bin, Guoquan Tao, Long Jin, Jizheng Zhang, and Jialin Chen. 2025. “CFD Aerodynamic Analysis of Tandem Tilt-Wing UAVs in Cruise Flight and Tilt Transition Flight.” Drones 9 (8): 522. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9080522
- Xiang, Haojie, Jianjun Yi, Bo Zhou, Haili Wu, and Jinzheng Mou. 2021. “A Study of Autonomous Landing of UAV for Mobile Platform.” In 2021 International Conference on Intelligent Computing, Automation and Systems (ICICAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icicas53977.2021.00100
- Xie, Jiacheng, Yu Cai, Darshan Sarojini, Evan D. Harrison, and Dimitri N. Mavris. 2023. “Certification-Constrained Vertical Tail Sizing and Power Split Optimization for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (4): 1272–89. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037239
- Xie, Jingyi, Xiaodong Peng, Haijiao Wang, Wenlong Niu, and Xiao Zheng. 2020. “UAV Autonomous Tracking and Landing Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning Strategy.” Sensors 20 (19): 5630. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20195630
- Xie, Hua, Ziyuan Zhu, Jianan Yin, Yuhang Wu, Long Zhou, and Qingchun Wu. 2026. “Optimization of Low-Altitude Vertiport Network Topology Resilience.” Aerospace 13 (4): 370. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13040370
- Xili, Yang, Fan Yong, and Zhu Jihong. 2008. “Transition Flight Control of Two Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 31 (2): 371–85. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.29112
- Xin, Zhenqing, Zhenli Chen, Wenting Gu, Minghui Zhang, and Binqian Zhang. 2019. “Externally Blown Elevon Applied for the Longitudinal Control of Blended Wing Body Transport with Podded Engines.” Aerospace Science and Technology 93: 105324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105324
- Xin, Long, Zimu Tang, Weiqi Gai, and Haobo Liu. 2022. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for the UAV: A Review.” Aerospace 9 (11): 634. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9110634
- Xing, Rui, Ruoqiao Guan, Fenghua He, and Yu Yao. 2025. “Modeling and Control of a Novel Hybrid Coaxial and Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11178431
- Xiong, Xinyu, Zhaohu Sun, Zijian Huang, and Lei Song. 2026. “A Fast Computational Approach for Wing Lift Prediction in Tilt-Propeller Slipstream toward Enhanced SVO Envelope Protection.” In 2026 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms69701.2026.11602318
- Xiong, Zhiguo, Xiaobo Xiao, Yilian Cao, and Quanshan Chen. 2023. “Vertiport Design of Urban Air Mobility for eVTOL Aircraft.” In 2023 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Engineering (ICITE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icite59717.2023.10733892
- Xiong, Zijian, Yuanming Xu, Zhouyang Wang, Xuechao Pian, and Yibing Wang. 2021. “Preliminary Design Method and Prototype Testing of a Novel Rotors Retractable Hybrid VTOL UAV.” IEEE Access 9: 161141–60. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3131565
- Xu, Rongbing, Shi Cao, Michael Barnett-Cowan, Elizabeth Irving, Ewa Niechwiej-Szwedo, and Suzanne Kearns. 2026a. “Consumer-Grade Wearable Sensors for Classifying Pilot Workload and Stress during Real Flight Training: A Leave-One-Subject-Out Validation Study.” Sensors 26 (12): 3627. https://doi.org/10.3390/s26123627
- Xu, Guangyan, Yulin Dai, and Hongmei Zhang. 2018b. “Three-Loop Feedback Anti-Wind Disturbance Control for the VTOL Aircraft without Vector Thrust.” In 2018 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac.2018.8623126
- Xu, SiWen, and XueYing Deng. 2014. “Effects of Angle of Attack on Wing Rock Motion Induced by the Flows over Slender Body with Low Swept Wing.” Science China Physics, Mechanics & Astronomy 58 (4): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11433-014-5630-y
- Xu, Yurui, Liang Gao, Benshan Liu, Junming Zhang, Yanhe Zhu, and Jie Zhao. 2022b. “Stability Augmentation Control of Tilting Dual-Rotor UAV with Balance Tail.” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icus55513.2022.9986615
- Xu, Wei, Haowei Gu, Youming Qing, Jiarong Lin, and Fu Zhang. 2019b. “Full Attitude Control of an Efficient Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV with Flexible Modes.” In 2019 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2019.8797947
- Xu, Yifeng, Peng Han, Zehong Zhao, and Weidong Zhang. 2023. “The Stable Method of UAV Landing on the Moving Platform.” In 2023 35th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc58219.2023.10326902
- Xu, Zhixiong, Yixin Hu, Guangwei Wen, Chao Xu, and Li Fan. 2025a. “Design and Implement of Large-Scale Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In 2025 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros60139.2025.11246961
- Xu, Peng, Ran Huang, Dongbin Lee, and Timothy Burg. 2014. “Dynamics and Control of a Novel Manipulator on VTOL Aircraft (MOVA) System: A Planar Case Study.” In 2014 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2014.6858925
- Xu, Ruoyu, Xiaoqiang Ji, Jiafan Hou, Hengli Liu, and Huihuan Qian. 2021. “A Predictive Control Method for Stabilizing a Manipulator-Based UAV Landing Platform on Fluctuating Marine Surface.” In 2021 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros51168.2021.9636055
- Xu, Wenfeng, Yinghui Li, Binbin Pei, and Zhilong Yu. 2022a. “Coordinated Intelligent Control of the Flight Control System and Shape Change of Variable Sweep Morphing Aircraft Based on Dueling-DQN.” Aerospace Science and Technology 130: 107898. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107898
- Xu, Yinbo, Zhihong Liu, and Xiangke Wang. 2018a. “Monocular Vision Based Autonomous Landing of Quadrotor through Deep Reinforcement Learning.” In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8482830
- Xu, Gang, Shengping Luo, Yiqing Huang, and Xiongfeng Deng. 2025b. “Extended State Observer Based Robust Nonlinear PID Attitude Tracking Control of Quadrotor with Lumped Disturbance.” Processes 13 (5): 1470. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13051470
- Xu, Shuting, Wenqian Tan, Xiangju Qu, and Cheng Zhang. 2019c. “Prediction of Nonlinear Pilot-Induced Oscillation Using an Intelligent Human Pilot Model.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 32 (12): 2592–2611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2019.06.003
- Xu, Shuting, Wenqian Tan, and Liguo Sun. 2025c. “Modeling Shared Control System between Human Pilot and Autopilot for a Carrier-Based Aircraft Landing Task.” IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems 55 (1): 102–11. https://doi.org/10.1109/thms.2024.3502178
- Xu, Cheng, Yuanheng Tang, Zuotang Liang, and Hao Yin. 2018c. “UAV Autonomous Landing Algorithm Based on Machine Vision.” In 2018 IEEE 4th Information Technology and Mechatronics Engineering Conference (ITOEC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/itoec.2018.8740483
- Xu, Lixue, and Xiubo Wang. 2025. “Safe Control for VTOL UAV Based on FAS Approaches.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 143–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.140
- Xu, XiaoBin, Zhao Wang, and YiMin Deng. 2019f. “A Software Platform for Vision-Based UAV Autonomous Landing Guidance Based on Markers Estimation.” Science China Technological Sciences 62 (10): 1825–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11431-018-9382-7
- Xu, Bin, Xiaoliang Wang, Changle Xiang, Yue Ma, and Wanming Chen. 2015. “Modelling and Hovering Control of a Novel Multi-Tandem Ducted Fan Vehicle.” In 2015 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2015.7152429
- Xu, Zhixiong, Guangwei Wen, Yixin Hu, Sijia Li, Li Fan, and Chao Xu. 2026b. “Refined State-Error-Based Model Predictive Control and Flight Testing of Eagle of Taihu 10: A Canard-Configured Tail-Sitter Technology Demonstrator.” IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification 12 (5): 7330–40. https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2026.3696404
- Xu, Yinbo, Yangguang Yu, Jing Wang, and Xiangke Wang. 2024a. “Deep Reinforcement Learning-Based Physical Verification of Autonomous Landing for UAV.” In 2024 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icus61736.2024.10840073
- Xu, Wei, and Fu Zhang. 2020. “Learning Pugachev’s Cobra Maneuver for Tail-Sitter UAVs Using Acceleration Model.” IEEE Robotics and Automation Letters 5 (2): 3452–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/lra.2020.2976323
- Xu, Penghui, and Yu Zhang. 2024. “The Analysis and Research on the Effects Caused by the Pilot Model Parameters to the Pilot Induced Oscillation and Feasible Countermeasure of the Helicopter.” In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10865127
- Xu, Siyuan, Zhili Zhu, Zhende Liu, and Xin Meng. 2019e. “Research on the Starting Characteristics and Control Law of Two Spool Turbofan Engine.” Energy Procedia 158: 1765–71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2019.01.418
- Xuan-Mung, Nguyen, Ngoc Phi Nguyen, Tan Nguyen, et al. 2022. “Quadcopter Precision Landing on Moving Targets via Disturbance Observer-Based Controller and Autonomous Landing Planner.” IEEE Access 10: 83580–90. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3197181
- Xue, Fei, Huaqiang Wang, Zenghui Jiang, and Yuchao Wang. 2020b. “Derivation and Verification of a Similarity Law for Wind-Tunnel Free-Flight Tests of Heavy-Store Separation.” Acta Astronautica 174: 123–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2020.04.061
- Xue, Fei, Yuchao Wang, and Han Qin. 2020a. “Derivation and Validation of Wind Tunnel Free-Flight Similarity Law for Store Separation from Aircraft.” Aerospace Science and Technology 97: 105614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105614
- Xue, Chen, and Zhou Zhou. 2020a. “Inverse Aerodynamic Design for DEP Propeller Based on Desired Propeller Slipstream.” Aerospace Science and Technology 102: 105820. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105820
- Xue, Chen, and Zhou Zhou. 2020b. “Propeller-Wing Coupled Aerodynamic Design Based on Desired Propeller Slipstream.” Aerospace Science and Technology 97: 105556. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2019.105556
- Yamazaki, Kentaro, Mai Bando, and Shinji Hokamoto. 2025. “Tilt-Rotor Aircraft with Arm-Mechanisms to Mitigate Aerodynamic Interference.” In 2025 SICE Festival with Annual Conference (SICE FES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/sicefes67750.2025.11236688
- Yan, Hanchong. 2025. “Study on the Influence of Vortex Generator on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 4th International Symposium on Aerospace Engineering and Systems (ISAES). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/isaes66870.2025.11274332
- Yan, Xufei, and Renliang Chen. 2019. “Augmented Flight Dynamics Model for Pilot Workload Evaluation in Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Optimal Landing Procedure after One Engine Failure.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 32 (1): 92–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2018.06.010
- Yan, Xufei, Renliang Chen, Shiqiang Zhu, Anhuan Xie, and Jason Gu. 2022. “Optimal Landing of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft after Engine Failure Considering Pilot Inherent Limitations.” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics (ROBIO). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/robio55434.2022.10011647
- Yan, Yiping, Bangyang Wei, Yang Liu, and Jonas Eliasson. 2026. “Urban Air Mobility: Confronting the Fundamental Constraints of Urban Space.” Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2026.06.003
- Yan, Xufei, Ye Yuan, Yanqin Zhao, and Renliang Chen. 2024. “Rotor Cross-Tilt Optimization for Yaw Control Improvement of Multi-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 37 (3): 153–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.09.016
- Yan Chen and Junmin Wang. 2011. “A Global Optimization Algorithm for Energy-Efficient Control Allocation of over-Actuated Systems.” In Proceedings of the 2011 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2011.5990899
- Yanev, Radimir Y., and Ingo Staack. 2026. “Framework for Rapid eVTOL Aircraft Configuration Design: Methodology and Verification.” Aerospace 13 (7): 566. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace13070566
- Yang, Herman S. D. 1971. “C-5A Main Landing Gear Bogie Pitching Control.” Journal of Aircraft 8 (11): 912–17. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.59188
- Yang, Zi-Jiang. 2021. “Adaptive Robust Output Feedback Control for Attitude Tracking of Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 35 (10): 2075–93. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.3309
- Yang, Jiesong, Xiaomei Cheng, Bo Shao, Yingxun Wang, and Xiangjie Luo. 2025a. “Aggressive Perching of Quadrotor Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” In 2025 9th International Conference on Robotics and Automation Sciences (ICRAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icras65818.2025.11108867
- Yang, Yunjie, Jinlai Deng, Wenan Liao, Zhihui Du, Zhidan Liu, and Jihong Zhu. 2024d. “Transition Flight Control of the Distributed Propulsion Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 2024 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac63892.2024.10864951
- Yang, Xianhao, Xiongfeng Deng, Liang Tao, and Binzi Xu. 2023c. “Neuroadaptive Dynamic Surface Asymptotic Tracking Control of a VTOL Aircraft with Unknown Dynamics and External Disturbances.” Mathematics 11 (12): 2725. https://doi.org/10.3390/math11122725
- Yang, Xu, Liang Dong, Wu Liaoni, and Song Yangyang. 2015. “Design and Implementation of Twin-Rotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2015 IEEE Advanced Information Technology, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IAEAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iaeac.2015.7428584
- Yang, Yuanchao, and Zichen Gao. 2020. “A New Method for Control Allocation of Aircraft Flight Control System.” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control 65 (4): 1413–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2019.2918122
- Yang, Junjie, and Xuan Li. 2022a. “Vision-Based UAV Autonomous Landing System.” In 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dtpi55838.2022.9998957
- Yang, Junjie, and Xuan Li. 2022b. “Vision-Based UAV Autonomous Landing Systems.” In 2022 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Digital Twins and Parallel Intelligence (DTPI). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dtpi55838.2022.9998977
- Yang, Tao, Peiqi Li, Huiming Zhang, Jing Li, and Zhi Li. 2018. “Monocular Vision SLAM-Based UAV Autonomous Landing in Emergencies and Unknown Environments.” Electronics 7 (5): 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics7050073
- Yang, Xiao-Guang, Teng Liu, Shanhai Ge, Eric Rountree, and Chao-Yang Wang. 2021a. “Challenges and Key Requirements of Batteries for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Joule 5 (7): 1644–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.05.001
- Yang, Siyuan, Jinlei Sun, Yaodong Wang, et al. 2026c. “Structural Parameter Optimization and Performance Evaluation of Hybrid Cooling Systems for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Battery Modules.” Batteries 12 (5): 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12050170
- Yang, Aidi, and Yong Wang. 2017. “A New VTOL Aircraft.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8028346
- Yang, Lingjie, Xiangke Wang, Zhihong Liu, and Lincheng Shen. 2025c. “Robust Online Predictive Visual Servoing for Autonomous Landing of a Rotor UAV.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 10 (4): 2818–35. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3385283
- Yang, Yunjie, Xiangyang Wang, Jihong Zhu, and Xiaming Yuan. 2022c. “Robust Transition Trajectory Optimization for Tail-Sitter UAVs Considering Uncertainties.” Science China Information Sciences 66 (6): 169201. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-020-3257-x
- Yang, Mengni, Bo Yang, Guoqing Dai, Puchun Wang, Zhaozi Zu, and Zhongjun Qu. 2026b. “Non-Cooperative Target Measurement and Localization Based on Monocular Vision and Fixed-Wing Aircraft Height in Autonomous Landing Runway Scenarios.” Measurement 258: 118993. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.118993
- Yang, Yunjie, Jiali Yang, Xiangyang Wang, and Jihong Zhu. 2021c. “Robust Optimal Transition Maneuvers Control for Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 31 (16): 8007–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.5736
- Yang, Yunjie, Saite Zhang, and Jinlai Deng. 2023a. “Dynamics Modeling and Flight Control of a Dual-Rotor Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2023 35th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc58219.2023.10327634
- Yang, Xianfeng, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yun Xing, Jialing Yang, and Yuxin Sun. 2017b. “A New Theoretical Model of Aircraft Arresting System Based on Polymeric Foam Material.” Aerospace Science and Technology 66: 284–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2017.03.019
- Yang, Yunjie, Jihong Zhu, Xiangyang Wang, Xiaming Yuan, and Xiaojun Zhang. 2021b. “Dynamic Transition Corridors and Control Strategy of a Rotor-Blown-Wing Tail-Sitter.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 44 (10): 1836–52. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.g005464
- Yang, Yunjie, Jihong Zhu, and Jiali Yang. 2020. “INDI-Based Transitional Flight Control and Stability Analysis of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283378
- Yang, Yunjie, Jihong Zhu, Xiaming Yuan, Xiangyang Wang, Minchi Kuang, and Heng Shi. 2024b. “Dynamic Characteristics Analysis and Robust Transition Control of Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” Aerospace Science and Technology 145: 108868. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.108868
- Yang, Guowei, and Lixian Zhuang. 2000. “Numerical Simulation of Rotor Flow in Hover.” Journal of Aircraft 37 (2): 221–26. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.2610
- Yangping, Deng, and Gao Honggang. 2018. “Transition Flight Control and Test of a New Kind Tilt Prop Box-Wing VTOL UAV.” In 2018 9th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae.2018.8467657
- Yanguo, Song, and Wang Huanjin. 2009. “Design of Flight Control System for a Small Unmanned Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 22 (3): 250–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(08)60095-3
- Yaniktepe, B., and D. Rockwell. 2004. “Flow Structure on a Delta Wing of Low Sweep Angle.” AIAA Journal 42 (3): 513–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.1207
- Yao, Lu, Sun You, Liu Xiaodong, and Gao Bo. 2020. “Control Allocation for a Class of Morphing Aircraft with Integer Constraints Based on Lévy Flight.” Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 31 (4): 826–40. https://doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2020.000056
- Yasentsev, Dmitry, Timofey Shevgunov, Evgeny Efimov, and Boris Tatarskiy. 2021. “Using Ground-Based Passive Reflectors for Improving UAV Landing.” Drones 5 (4): 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones5040137
- Yasue, Kanako. 2020. “Extraction of Monophasic Data from Flight Test Data via Cluster Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (3): 399–407. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035564
- Yawei Liang. 2005. “Testing an Intelligent Landing Signals Officer (LSO) Agent for Conducting Pilot Training in a Helicopter Deck Landing Simulator.” In 2005 International Conference on Neural Networks and Brain, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnnb.2005.1614598
- Ye, Ziqi, Guangbin Cai, Hui Xu, Yiming Shang, and Changhua Hu. 2025. “Prescribed Performance Sliding Mode Fault-Tolerant Tracking Control for Unmanned Morphing Flight Vehicles with Actuator Faults.” Drones 9 (4): 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9040292
- Ye, Zheng, Yongliang Chen, Pengcheng Cai, Huitao Lyu, Zheng Gong, and Jie Wu. 2023. “Control Design for Soft Transition for Landing Preparation of Light Compound-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Applied Sciences 13 (22): 12225. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212225
- Yedavalli, R. K., P. Shankar, and D. B. Doman. 2003. “Robustness Study of the Dynamic Inversion Based Indirect Adaptive Control of Flight Vehicles with Uncertain Model Data.” In Proceedings of the 2003 American Control Conference, 2003., vol. 2. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2003.1239718
- Yeo, Hyeonsoo, and Wayne Johnson. 2009. “Performance and Design Investigation of Heavy Lift Tilt-Rotor with Aerodynamic Interference Effects.” Journal of Aircraft 46 (4): 1231–39. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.40102
- Yin, Yankai, Fei Kang, Xiaoquan Yan, Tao Li, and Feng Duan. 2023. “A Novel Penta-Jet VTOL Aerial Robot: Modeling, Control, and Simulation Verification.” Computers and Electrical Engineering 111: 108906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2023.108906
- Yin, Qiaozhi, Xinlei Ni, Weihua Liang, Xiaohui Wei, and Hong Nie. 2025. “Terrain Envelope for Landing Stability of a Multirotor UAV with Adaptive Landing Gear.” Journal of Aircraft 62 (3): 613–25. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c038271
- Yin, Yanchao, Hongwei Niu, and Xiaobao Liu. 2017. “Adaptive Neural Network Sliding Mode Control for Quad Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Complexity 2017: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7104708
- Yin, Haipeng, Lixin Wang, Ting Yue, and Hailiang Liu. 2019a. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Analysis for Receiver in Flying-Boom Aerial Refueling via Mission-Oriented Evaluation.” In 2019 IEEE 10th International Conference on Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (ICMAE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmae.2019.8881023
- Ying, Zhang, Ye Liang, Yang Shuo, and Zhu Xinglin. 2015. “Investigation on Different Methods for Numerical Simulation of Propeller Slipstream.” Procedia Engineering 99: 515–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.12.566
- Yingtao, Zhu, Zhu Bingjie, Zong Jian’an, Yang Xixiang, Hou Zhongxi, and Deng Xiaolong. 2025. “Dynamic Programming-Based Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid-Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics: 1–12. https://doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2025.000118
- Yip, Long P., David J. Fratello, David B. Robelen, and George M. Makowiec. 1991. “Wind-Tunnel and Flight Tests of a Delta-Wing Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 28 (11): 728–34. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46089
- Yiru, Zou, Liu Chunsheng, and Lu Ke. 2020. “Extended State Observer Based Smooth Switching Control for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 31 (4): 815–25. https://doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2020.000025
- Yokesh, K., P. S. V. S. Sai Kumar, and Radhakant Padhi. 2025. “Development of Transition Controller for a Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV with Dynamic Control Allocation.” In 2025 IEEE Space, Aerospace and Defence Conference (SPACE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/space65882.2025.11170584
- Yokota, Kentaro, Hiroshi Fujimoto, and Hiroshi Kobayashi. 2021. “Observer-Based Angle of Attack Estimation for Tilt-Wing eVTOL Aircraft.” In 2021 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics (ICM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icm46511.2021.9385670
- Yongxi Lyu, Weiguo Zhang, Jingping Shi, Xiaobo Qu, and Jun Che. 2016. “Post Stall Maneuver Control of Advanced Fighter Considering the Unsteady Aerodynamics.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828957
- Yoo, Chang-Sun, Bum-Jin Park, Am Cho, and Young-Shin Kang. 2015. “Simulation Based on Motion Platform for Tilt Rotor UAV Shipboard Landing.” In 2015 15th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2015.7364647
- Yoo, Sungyul, and Daniel J. Strash. 1990. “Zonal Approach to V/STOL Aerodynamics.” Journal of Aircraft 27 (10): 866–72. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45950
- Youngshin Kang, Bumjin Park, Changsun Yoo, Yushin Kim, and Samok Koo. 2008. “Flight Test Results of Automatic Tilt Control for Small Scaled Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 2008 International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccas.2008.4694527
- Yousef, Mohamed, Ebrahim Hassan Kapeel, Mostafa Doso, and Mostafa Khalil. 2026. “Modified Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller for Robust Autopilot Design.” In 2026 ICEENG International Conference for Innovations in Power and Control Systems (IPCS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ipcs69631.2026.11604324
- Yu, Leilei, Zongjie Cao, and Shuai Yang. 2021. “Aerodynamics and Blade Flutter Intelligent Simulation of Propeller Vehicle under Different Wing Angle.” International Journal of System Assurance Engineering and Management 14 (2): 657–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13198-021-01457-5
- Yu, Xin, Renliang Chen, Luofeng Wang, Xufei Yan, and Ye Yuan. 2022. “An Optimization for Alleviating Pilot Workload during Tilt Rotor Aircraft Conversion and Reconversion Maneuvers.” Aerospace Science and Technology 129: 107854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2022.107854
- Yu, Junho, and Yoonsoo Kim. 2024. “Fault-Tolerant RS-LQR Based Yaw Control for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2024 24th International Conference on Control, Automation and Systems (ICCAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/iccas63016.2024.10773016
- Yu, Feifan, Wang Tang, Jiajie Chen, Jiqiang Wang, Xiaokang Sun, and Xinmin Chen. 2025. “Deep Reinforcement Learning Based Energy Management Strategy for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft with Turbo-Electric Hybrid Propulsion System.” Aerospace 12 (4): 355. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace12040355
- Yu, Youfang, and Liyang Wang. 2024. “Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Finite-Time Flight-Path Angle Control for Aircraft Systems with Unknown Deadzone and Actuator Faults.” IEEE Access 12: 94205–15. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3425462
- Yu, Li, Liu Xiaoxiong, Ming Ruichen, and Zhu Hongyuan. 2019. “Control Law Design of the Surface Damage Aircraft Based on Incremental Dynamic Inversion.” In 2019 Chinese Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cac48633.2019.8997433
- Yu, Xin, Jun Yang, and Shihua Li. 2020. “Disturbance Observer-Based Autonomous Landing Control of Unmanned Helicopters on Moving Shipboard.” Nonlinear Dynamics 102 (1): 131–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-020-05915-w
- Yu, Jiashang, and Jiaju Yu. 2026. “Neural Learning Control of Fighter Aircraft at High-Angle-of-Attack Maneuvers with Online Recorded Data and Disturbance Observer.” IEEE Access 14: 39702–12. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2026.3668314
- Yu, Changjie, Jihong Zhu, Jinchun Hu, and Zengqi Sun. 2006. “Experimental Modeling Using Modified Cascade Correlation RBF Networks for a Four DOF Tilt Rotor Aircraft Platform.” Neurocomputing 69 (13–15): 1802–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucom.2005.09.012
- Yu, Changjie, Jihong Zhu, and Zengqi Sun. 2005. “Adaptive Neural Network Internal Model Control for Tilt Rotor Aircraft Platform.” In Advances in Natural Computation. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/11539117_38
- Yuan, S. W. 1970. “Jet Circulation Control Airfoil for VTOL Rotors.” Journal of Aircraft 7 (5): 417–23. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.44193
- Yuan, Yang, Haibin Duan, and Zhigang Zeng. 2024. “Prescribed Performance Evolution Control for Quadrotor Autonomous Shipboard Landing.” IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 11 (5): 1151–62. https://doi.org/10.1109/jas.2024.124254
- Yuan, Ye, Douglas Thomson, and David Anderson. 2020a. “Application of Automatic Differentiation for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Flight Dynamics Analysis.” Journal of Aircraft 57 (5): 985–90. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035811
- Yuan, Ye, Douglas Thomson, and Renliang Chen. 2019. “Investigation of Lift Offset on Flight Dynamics Characteristics for Coaxial Compound Helicopters.” Journal of Aircraft 56 (6): 2210–22. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c035190
- Yuan, Baokun, and Bin Xian. 2025. “Nonlinear Control of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Super Twisting Control and Online RBF Neural Networks.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179556
- Yuan, Haiwen, Changshi Xiao, Yuanqiao Wen, Xiaochun Wu, and Chunhui Zhou. 2015b. “Visual Pose Measurement System for VTOL UAV Autonomous Landing.” In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Information and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icinfa.2015.7279450
- Yuanqing, Jiang, Yang Hao, and Jiang Bin. 2014. “Robust Fault Tolerant Control of under-Actuated VTOL Aircraft.” In The 26th Chinese Control and Decision Conference (2014 CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2014.6852725
- Yue, Haifeng, Zeming Gao, Penghui Liu, et al. 2026. “Transition Planning and Control Methods for a Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV: From Hardware Design to Flight Validation.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 111265. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.111265
- Yue, Pengyu, Jing Xin, Zhijie Mao, Yongchang Lu, and Youmin Zhang. 2023. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of UAV on Dynamic Apron.” In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icus58632.2023.10318423
- Yukhimets, Dmitriy, and Anton Gubankov. 2026. “Synthesis Method for UAV Automatic Landing System on a Marine Moving Platform Using UWB Technology.” In Interactive Collaborative Robotics. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-11900-1_21
- Yuksek, B., A. Vuruskan, U. Ozdemir, M. A. Yukselen, and G. Inalhan. 2016. “Transition Flight Modeling of a Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV.” Journal of Intelligent & Robotic Systems 84 (1–4): 83–105. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10846-015-0325-9
- Yuksel, Tolga. 2023. “Fuzzy Gain-Scheduling Based Fault Tolerant Visual Servo Control of Quadrotors.” Drones 7 (2): 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7020100
- Yılmaz, Emre, and Brian J. German. 2024. “Control Allocation Optimization for an over-Actuated Tandem Tiltwing eVTOL Aircraft Considering Aerodynamic Interactions.” Aerospace Science and Technology 155: 109595. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109595
- Zajdel, Albert, Mariusz Krawczyk, and Cezary Szczepański. 2022. “Pre-Flight Test Verification of Automatic Stabilization System Using Aircraft Trimming Surfaces.” Aerospace 9 (2): 111. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9020111
- Zaki, Hammad, Mustafa Unel, and Yildiray Yildiz. 2017. “Trajectory Control of a Quadrotor Using a Control Allocation Approach.” In 2017 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2017.7991344
- Zaludin, Zairil, Chen Chia, and Ermira Abdullah. 2021. “Hover to Forward Flight Transition – Longitudinal Motion Feasibility Study of a Converted Long Endurance Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV.” In 2021 11th IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsce52189.2021.9530912
- Zaludin, Zairil, and Ezanee Gires. 2019. “Automatic Flight Control Requirements for Transition Flight Phases When Converting Long Endurance Fixed Wing UAV to VTOL Aircraft.” In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Automatic Control and Intelligent Systems (I2CACIS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/i2cacis.2019.8825042
- Zaludin, Zairil, and Ahmad Salahuddin Mohd Harituddin. 2019. “Challenges and Trends of Changing from Hover to Forward Flight for a Converted Hybrid Fixed Wing VTOL UAS from Automatic Flight Control System Perspective.” In 2019 IEEE 9th International Conference on System Engineering and Technology (ICSET). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icsengt.2019.8906483
- Zamanakos, Georgios, Adam Seewald, Henrik Skov Midtiby, and Ulrik Pagh Schultz. 2020. “Energy-Aware Design of Vision-Based Autonomous Tracking and Landing of a UAV.” In 2020 Fourth IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing (IRC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/irc.2020.00054
- Zanoni, Andrea, Giacomo Gerosa, Luigi Di Lallo, and Pierangelo Masarati. 2022a. “Handling Qualities in Rotorcraft Conceptual Design.” Aerotecnica Missili & Spazio 101 (1): 95–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42496-022-00107-8
- Zanotti, Alex, Luca Menini, Alberto Savino, Donato Grassi, and Luca Riccobene. 2024. “Experimental Investigation of Wing-Propeller Aerodynamic Interaction in eVTOL Configurations.” Aerospace Science and Technology 152: 109348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2024.109348
- Zare, Zahra, Levent Eriskin, and Mumtaz Karatas. 2026. “Sustainable and Smart Urban Air Mobility: A Semi-Desirable Hub Location and Sizing Approach for Vertiport Planning.” Computers & Industrial Engineering 217: 112027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2026.112027
- Zelinski, Shannon. 2020. “Operational Analysis of Vertiport Surface Topology.” In 2020 AIAA/IEEE 39th Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc50938.2020.9256794
- Zeng, Qingxi, Yu Jin, Haonan Yu, and Xia You. 2023. “A UAV Localization System Based on Double UWB Tags and IMU for Landing Platform.” IEEE Sensors Journal 23 (9): 10100–10108. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2023.3260311
- Zeyada, Y., and R. A. Hess. 2003. “Computer-Aided Assessment of Flight Simulator Fidelity.” Journal of Aircraft 40 (1): 173–80. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.3072
- Zeyada, Yasser, Ronald A. Hess, and Wichai Siwakosit. 1999. “Aircraft Handling Qualities and Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies with Actuator Saturation.” Journal of Guidance, Control, and Dynamics 22 (6): 852–61. https://doi.org/10.2514/2.4463
- Zhang, Shuhe. 2017. “Review of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In 2017 Second International Conference on Mechanical, Control and Computer Engineering (ICMCCE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icmcce.2017.9
- Zhang, Ruifeng, and Kai-Yuan Cai. 2011. “Tracking Control Based on Extended Observer for an Uncertain VTOL Aircraft.” In 2011 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2011.5968699
- Zhang, Dizhou, Zili Chen, and Leiping Xi. 2016. “Adaptive Dual Fuzzy PID Control Method for Longitudinal Attitude Control of Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2016 22nd International Conference on Automation and Computing (ICAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iconac.2016.7604949
- Zhang, Dizhou, Zili Chen, Leiping Xi, and Yongjiang Hu. 2018b. “Transitional Flight of Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Multiple-Model Adaptive Control.” Journal of Aircraft 55 (1): 390–95. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c034232
- Zhang, Guichen, Zhigang Chen, and Mingxing Xu. 2023c. “High-Speed Aircraft Position and Attitude Control Using Reinforcement Learning.” In 2023 2nd International Conference on Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Intelligent Control (RAIIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/raiic59453.2023.10280846
- Zhang, Sheng, Yan-qing Cheng, Wei-qi Qian, and Kai-feng He. 2019g. “Optimization of the Aircraft Post-Stall Turning Maneuver Operation Command.” In 2019 Chinese Control And Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2019.8832357
- Zhang, Honghai, Yuhan Fei, Jingyu Li, Bowen Li, and Hao Liu. 2022c. “Method of Vertiport Capacity Assessment Based on Queuing Theory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Sustainability 15 (1): 709. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010709
- Zhang, Shujing, Qing Fei, Jianjian Liang, and Qingbo Geng. 2017d. “Modeling and Control for Longitudinal Attitude of a Twin-Rotor Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2017 13th IEEE International Conference on Control & Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2017.8003165
- Zhang, Qihui, Mengyin Fu, Chaoyang Zhai, Simai Wang, Ke Ning, and Meiling Wang. 2023e. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Quadrotor UAV with an Angular Accelerometer.” In 2023 42nd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc58697.2023.10240476
- Zhang, Yao, Feng Gao, and Tian-yi Zeng. 2014c. “A Sliding Mode Controller Design for Vertical Take-off and Landing Based on Model Decoupling.” In Proceedings of the 33rd Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/chicc.2014.6896606
- Zhang, Jian, Zhiming Guo, and Liaoni Wu. 2017f. “Research on Control Scheme of Vertical Take-off and Landing Fixed-Wing UAV.” In 2017 2nd Asia-Pacific Conference on Intelligent Robot Systems (ACIRS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acirs.2017.7986093
- Zhang, Peikang, Jifeng Guo, Hongxing Zheng, Peng Yan, Liang Chen, and Chengchao Bai. 2025e. “Quaternion-Based Flight Control of Fixed-Wing UAV via ESO-Augmented Dynamic Inversion.” In 2025 IEEE 14th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems (DDCLS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ddcls66240.2025.11065505
- Zhang, Shaojie, Wuhan Han, and Yuemei Zhang. 2020b. “Finite Time Convergence Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Attitude Control for Flying—Wing Aircraft with Actuator Faults.” Actuators 9 (3): 70. https://doi.org/10.3390/act9030070
- Zhang, Xupei, Zhanzhuang He, Zhong Ma, Peng Jun, and Kun Yang. 2021b. “VIAE-Net: An End-to-End Altitude Estimation through Monocular Vision and Inertial Feature Fusion Neural Networks for UAV Autonomous Landing.” Sensors 21 (18): 6302. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186302
- Zhang, Yakun, Ruixue Huang, Haiyang Li, and Jiayi Cai. 2017c. “Handling Qualities Evaluation of Time Delay and Predictive Model on Teleoperation Docking.” Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 54 (4): 936–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.a33704
- Zhang, Wentao, and Taesung Hwang. 2025. “UAM Vertiport Network Design Considering Connectivity.” Systems 13 (7): 607. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13070607
- Zhang, Xin, and Dan N. Ing. 1994. “Computational Analysis of a Single Jet Impingement Ground Effect Lift Loss.” Journal of Aircraft 31 (2): 256–62. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46482
- Zhang, Sheng, Li Ji, Wei-qi Qian, and Kai-feng He. 2019a. “Aircraft Post-Stall Maneuver Control Using Attitude Feedback Linearization.” In 2019 Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2019.8866476
- Zhang, Guoxu, Hailiang Kuang, and Xinfu Liu. 2020a. “Fast Trajectory Optimization for Quadrotor Landing on a Moving Platform.” In 2020 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas48674.2020.9213997
- Zhang, Yakun, and Haiyang Li. 2016. “Handling Qualities Evaluation of Predictive Display Model for Rendezvous and Docking in Lunar Orbit with Large Time Delay.” In 2016 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference (CGNCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2016.7828878
- Zhang, Yifan, Jianqiang Li, Jie Chen, Zun Liu, and Zhuangzhuang Chen. 2020c. “A GCN-Based Decision-Making Network for Autonomous UAV Landing.” In 2020 5th International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarm49381.2020.9195397
- Zhang, Lixin, Zhaoying Li, Hao Liu, and Chao Wang. 2017g. “Robust Attitude Control for a Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8028128
- Zhang, Hongmei, Changzhen Liu, and Guang;yan Xu. 2017i. “Take-off Trajectory Optimization of Vertical Take off and Landing UAV.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8027470
- Zhang, Bing-Yu, and Blaise Morton. 1998. “Robustness Analysis of Dynamic Inversion Control Laws Applied to Nonlinear Aircraft Pitch-Axis Models.” Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 32 (4): 501–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0362-546x(97)00503-8
- Zhang, Yibo, Weijun Pan, Yanqiang Jiang, Lang Lei, and Qinyue He. 2026f. “Vertiport Selection and Staging Node Deployment for UAVs in Forest Wildfire Rescue Areas.” Fire 9 (8): 321. https://doi.org/10.3390/fire9080321
- Zhang, Zhifu, Xiaobin Pan, Zhian Zhang, and Zhenxi Zhou. 2023h. “Research on Autonomous Mobile Landing Method for Quadcopter UAV Based on Fuzzy PID.” In 2023 3rd International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Control Science (IC2ECS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ic2ecs60824.2023.10493837
- Zhang, Xinran, and Guoyuan Qi. 2024. “Application of Additive-State-Decomposition-Based Model-Compensation Controller in Compound Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aircraft.” In 2024 IEEE 13th Data Driven Control and Learning Systems Conference (DDCLS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ddcls61622.2024.10606784
- Zhang, Weize, Quan Quan, Ruifeng Zhang, and Kai-Yuan Cai. 2013c. “New Transition Method of a Ducted-Fan Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Aircraft 50 (4): 1131–40. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032073
- Zhang, Youmin, Camille A. Rabbath, and Chun-Yi Su. 2008b. “Reconfigurable Control Allocation Applied to an Aircraft Benchmark Model.” In 2008 American Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2008.4586631
- Zhang, Xinyue, and Maopeng Ran. 2023. “Meta-Learning-Based Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Quadrotors with Disturbances.” Applied Sciences 13 (21): 11844. https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111844
- Zhang, X., M. S. Selezneva, and K. A. Neusypin. 2022a. “Implementation Method of Rendezvous Process of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Landing on the Mobile Unmanned Vehicle.” In 2022 International Russian Automation Conference (RusAutoCon). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/rusautocon54946.2022.9896327
- Zhang, Hang, Bifeng Song, Fan Li, and Jianlin Xuan. 2021a. “Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of an Electric Propulsion System of a Hybrid UAV Considering Wind Disturbance Rejection Capability in the Quadrotor Mode.” Aerospace Science and Technology 110: 106372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.106372
- Zhang, Cheng, Tao Song, Hong Tao, and Tao Jiang. 2025c. “Image-Based Fixed-Time Visual Servoing Control for UAV Landing on a Moving Platform with Visibility Constraints.” Nonlinear Dynamics 113 (21): 29141–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-025-11229-6
- Zhang, Haiyan, Youchao Sun, and Yuhan Li. 2026c. “MSTformer: A Multi-Scale Spatial-Temporal Transformer for Interpretable Mental Workload Monitoring in Simplified Vehicle Operations.” In 2026 IEEE International Conference on Human-Machine Systems (ICHMS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ichms69701.2026.11602363
- Zhang, Junchao, Shangzhe Sun, Runqing Zhan, and Chi Chen. 2026e. “SVLC: Autonomous UAV Landing in GNSS-Denied Environments Using Stage-Based Visual Landing Control and ArUco Localization.” In 2026 International Conference on Unmanned System and Intelligent Technology (USIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/usit70862.2026.11682139
- Zhang, Youmin, V. Sivasubramaniam Suresh, Bin Jiang, and Didier Theilliol. 2007. “Reconfigurable Control Allocation against Aircraft Control Effector Failures.” In 2007 IEEE International Conference on Control Applications. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cca.2007.4389398
- Zhang, Z. K., and H. S. Tang. 2004. “Numerical Simulation of Flow over Delta Wing with Trailing-Edge Jet at High Angle of Attack.” International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 59 (15): 2047–63. https://doi.org/10.1002/nme.968
- Zhang, Zhiqi, Jia Tian, Hongzheng Chen, and Shouzhao Sheng. 2023g. “Optimal Transition Trajectory Search for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Ant Colony Algorithm.” In 2023 2nd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computer Information Technology (AICIT). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aicit59054.2023.10277880
- Zhang, Qilei, and Sen Wang. 2026. “Integrating Mobile Location Data into Vertiport Siting Optimization for UAM Airport Access: A Case Study of the Chicago Multi-Airport Region.” Journal of Air Transport Management 136: 103064. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2026.103064
- Zhang, Huanhuan, Xiangyang Wang, and Zhidan Liu. 2025b. “Design of Monitoring and Control Software Used for the Loop Simulation of VTOL Aircraft Propulsion System Model.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11179362
- Zhang, Yan, Xinhua Wang, and Congwei Zhao. 2023f. “A Multiple Guidance Mode System for UAV Landing in Landing Zone.” In 2023 7th International Symposium on Computer Science and Intelligent Control (ISCSIC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iscsic60498.2023.00034
- Zhang, Huan, Xiaoru Wanyan, Damin Zhuang, and Xu Wu. 2014d. “Study on Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Pilot Mental Workload.” In 2014 Sixth International Conference on Intelligent Human-Machine Systems and Cybernetics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ihmsc.2014.35
- Zhang, Yufei, and Zhong Wu. 2026. “Adaptive Extended Disturbance Observer-Based Control for Quadrotor Landing on Fast Platform.” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics 73 (4): 6178–88. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2025.3629369
- Zhang, Yufei, Zhong Wu, and Tong Wei. 2024b. “Aerodynamic Disturbance Estimation in Quadrotor Landing on Moving Platform via Noise Reduction Extended Disturbance Observer.” IEEE Sensors Journal 24 (22): 37566–74. https://doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2024.3472025
- Zhang, Yufei, Zhong Wu, and Tong Wei. 2025d. “Precise Landing on Moving Platform for Quadrotor UAV via Extended Disturbance Observer.” IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Vehicles 10 (4): 2468–78. https://doi.org/10.1109/tiv.2024.3376954
- Zhang, Qiutong, Qingyuan Xia, Lisheng Wei, and Bohai Deng. 2024d. “A Vision-Based Method for UAV Autonomous Landing Area Detection.” In Intelligence Science V. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-71253-1_15
- Zhang, Jiahui, Jinwu Xiang, Daochun Li, et al. 2025a. “Anti-Disturbance for ST-VTOL UAV via Sliding Mode Control with Enhanced Observer.” Drones 9 (12): 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9120843
- Zhang, Zhitao, Changchuan Xie, Kunhui Huang, and Chao Yang. 2022b. “Influence of Aerodynamic Interaction on Performance of Contrarotating Propeller/Wing System.” Aerospace 9 (12): 813. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9120813
- Zhang, Yuqi, Jinglei Xu, Minglei Cao, Ruifeng Pan, and Shuai Huang. 2024c. “Numerical Investigation of Dynamic Characteristics of Dual Throat Nozzle and Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle in Thrust Vectoring Starting Process.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 37 (10): 184–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2024.05.032
- Zhang, Xiang, Weiqing Xu, Yan Shi, Maolin Cai, and Fengyun Li. 2017h. “Study on the Effect of Tilting-Rotor Structure on the Lift of Small Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 2017 2nd International Conference on Advanced Robotics and Mechatronics (ICARM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icarm.2017.8273192
- Zhang, Guo-qing, Shu-xing Yang, and Yong Xu. 2010. “Investigation of Propeller-Wing Interaction Based on the Sliding Mesh Technology.” In 2010 Second International Conference on Modeling, Simulation and Visualization Methods. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wmsvm.2010.45
- Zhang, Ying, Liang Ye, and Shuo Yang. 2015b. “Numerical Study on Flow Fields and Aerodynamics of Tilt Rotor Aircraft in Conversion Mode Based on Embedded Grid and Actuator Model.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 28 (1): 93–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2014.12.028
- Zhang, Yongwei, Yangguang Yu, Shengde Jia, and Xiangke Wang. 2017a. “Autonomous Landing on Ground Target of UAV by Using Image-Based Visual Servo Control.” In 2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2017.8029145
- Zhang, Shaojie, Han Zhang, and Kun Ji. 2023d. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Attitude Control for Helicopter with Actuator Delay and Saturation.” Aerospace 10 (6): 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10060521
- Zhang, Xingyu, Wei Zhang, Weilin Li, Xiaobin Zhang, and Tao Lei. 2023a. “Experimental Research on Aero-Propulsion Coupling Characteristics of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (2): 201–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2022.07.024
- Zhang, M. M., Y. Zhou, and L. Cheng. 2008a. “Control of Post-Stall Airfoil Aerodynamics Based on Surface Perturbation.” AIAA Journal 46 (10): 2510–19. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.35792
- Zhang, Chao, Jihong Zhu, Kai Liu, Xiaming Yuan, and Yakui Gao. 2013b. “Model and Longitudinal Hover Control of a Conceptual Thrust-Vectored Unmanned Tail-Sitter.” In 2013 10th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icca.2013.6564878
- Zhanqi, Fan, and Liu Lin Xi’an. 2012. “The High Angle of Attack Aerodynamic Modeling and Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Law Design.” In IEEE 10th International Conference on Industrial Informatics. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/indin.2012.6300870
- Zhao, Moju. 2025. “Aerial Grasping by Multi-Limbed Flying Robot SPIDAR Based on Vectored Thrust Control.” In 2025 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icra55743.2025.11128075
- Zhao, Chunrong, Matthew Clarke, Hagen Kellermann, and Dries Verstraete. 2024a. “Liquid Cooling Systems for Batteries of Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Aircraft 61 (3): 667–83. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037404
- Zhao, Ying, and Tao Feng. 2024. “Strategic Integration of Vertiport Planning in Multimodal Transportation for Urban Air Mobility: A Case Study in Beijing, China.” Journal of Cleaner Production 467: 142988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2024.142988
- Zhao, Yiyuan, Ali A. Jhemi, and Robert T. N. Chen. 1996. “Optimal Vertical Takeoff and Landing Helicopter Operation in One Engine Failure.” Journal of Aircraft 33 (2): 337–46. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.46943
- Zhao, Dongfang, and Jinkun Liu. 2018. “Control of VTOL Aircraft with Position State Constraints Using the Barrier Lyapunov Function.” Asian Journal of Control 22 (3): 1221–29. https://doi.org/10.1002/asjc.1978
- Zhao, Wanbing, Hao Liu, and Xinlong Wang. 2018b. “Vision-Based Robust Position Control for Ground Target Tracking and Hovering of Quadrotors.” In 2018 37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/chicc.2018.8482672
- Zhao, Chunrong, Juan Rasines Mazo, and Dries Verstraete. 2024c. “Optimisation of a Liquid Cooling System for eVTOL Aircraft: Impact of Sizing Mission and Battery Size.” Applied Thermal Engineering 246: 122988. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.122988
- Zhao, Yunji, and Hailong Pei. 2012. “An Improved Vision-Based Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Autonomous Landing.” Physics Procedia 33: 935–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2012.05.157
- Zhao, Yanxiong, Yun Tian, and Zhiqiang Wan. 2023b. “Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ducted Fan Propelled Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft Hovering in Ground Effect.” Aerospace 10 (8): 659. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace10080659
- Zhao, Huimin, Ban Wang, Yanyan Shen, Yinong Zhang, Ni Li, and Zhenghong Gao. 2023a. “Development of Multimode Flight Transition Strategy for Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAVs.” Drones 7 (9): 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones7090580
- Zhao, Junjie, Zhang Wen, Krishnakanth Mohanta, et al. 2025e. “UAV Operations and Vertiport Capacity Evaluation with a Mixed-Reality Digital Twin for Future Urban Air Mobility Viability.” Drones 9 (9): 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9090621
- Zhao, Ming, Zhixiang Xiao, and Song Fu. 2014. “Predictions of Transition on a Hovering Tilt-Rotor Blade.” Journal of Aircraft 51 (6): 1904–13. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c032570
- Zhao, Bo, Dong Yue, and Yang Yang. 2024d. “Robust Attitude Tracking Control for a Variable-Pitch Quadrotor with Uncertainties.” International Journal of Adaptive Control and Signal Processing 38 (5): 1878–97. https://doi.org/10.1002/acs.3779
- Zhao, Xia, Huailin Zhao, Xiangyang Wang, and Jiahan Yin. 2018a. “Modeling and Hover Attitude Control of Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” In 2018 33rd Youth Academic Annual Conference of Chinese Association of Automation (YAC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/yac.2018.8406520
- Zhao, Xin, Zhou Zhou, Jiayue Hu, Kelei Wang, and Baiyang Li. 2026a. “Dynamics Analysis, Control and Flight Test of All-Wing Tail-Sitter Configuration Solar Powered UAV.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110945
- Zhao, Qingfeng, Zhou Zhou, and Rui Wang. 2024b. “Modeling and Transition Flight Control of Distributed Propulsion–Wing VTOL UAV with Induced Wing Configuration.” Aerospace 11 (11): 922. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11110922
- Zhao, Qingfeng, Zhou Zhou, Guichen Wang, and Rui Wang. 2026c. “Transition Performance and Transition Strategy of a Distributed-Propulsion–wing VTOL UAV with Induced Wing Configuration.” Aerospace Science and Technology 168: 110810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2025.110810
- Zhao, Qingfeng, Zhou Zhou, and Zhilin Zhang. 2023c. “Modeling and Dynamic Stability Analysis of Distributed Electric Propulsion Tilt-Rotor UAV.” Journal of Aircraft 60 (6): 1889–1900. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.c037208
- Zhao-miao, Liu, and Chen Chuan. 2013. “Impact of the Angle of External Flow on the Performance of Counterflow Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In 2013 International Conference on Mechanical and Automation Engineering. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/maee.2013.23
- Zhaoying, Li, Shi Shuai, and Liu Hao. 2021. “Trajectory Tracking of Tail-Sitter Aircraft by ℓ1 Adaptive Fault Tolerant Control.” Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics 32 (6): 1477–89. https://doi.org/10.23919/jsee.2021.000125
- Zheng, Jishi, Xinhua Jiang, and Xinwu Chen. 2014. “The Flight Control Design for the SUAVs Based on Hierarchy-Structured Incremental Dynamic Inversion.” In Proceedings of 2014 IEEE Chinese Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cgncc.2014.7007567
- Zheng, Ziyang, Biao Wang, Chaoying Tang, and Wei Chen. 2025. “Modeling and Analysis of Integrated Flight-Propulsion for Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 2025 International Conference on Automation, Electrical Control Systems and Equipment (AECSE). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aecse67874.2025.11383643
- Zheng, Wei, Jing Wang, and Zengfu Wang. 2016. “Multi-Sensor Fusion Based Real-Time Hovering for a Quadrotor without GPS in Assigned Position.” In 2016 Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc.2016.7531608
- Zhiguo Xiong, Xiuxia Sun, Mengquan HU, and Dong Wang. 2006. “Active-Disturbances-Rejection-Controller Design of Super-Maneuverable Flight Based on Dynamic Inversion.” In 2006 6th World Congress on Intelligent Control and Automation. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/wcica.2006.1713549
- Zhiyang Zhang, Fei Hu, and Jian Li. 2011. “Autonomous Flight Control System Designed for Small-Scale Helicopter Based on Approximate Dynamic Inversion.” In 2011 3rd International Conference on Advanced Computer Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icacc.2011.6016394
- Zhong, Jingyang, Bifeng Song, Yubin Li, and Jianlin Xuan. 2019. “L1 Adaptive Control of a Dual-Rotor Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Input Constraints during Hover Flight.” IEEE Access 7: 51312–28. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2911897
- Zhong, Jingyang, Bifeng Song, Wenqing Yang, and Peng Nian. 2017. “Modeling and Hover Control of a Dual-Rotor Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aircraft.” In Intelligent Robotics and Applications. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-65298-6_53
- Zhong, Jingyang, and Chen Wang. 2021. “Transition Characteristics for a Small Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 34 (10): 220–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2020.12.021
- Zhong, Jingyang, and Siqi Wang. 2022. “Transition Attitude Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV Based on Active Disturbance Rejection Control Architecture.” In 2022 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icspcc55723.2022.9984483
- Zhong, Jingyang, Chen Wang, and Hang Zhang. 2023. “Transition Control of a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with L1 Neural Network Adaptive Control.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 36 (7): 460–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2023.04.002
- Zhong, Yingchun, Haiyang Zheng, Zhenhua Zeng, Zhiyong Luo, and Bo Wang. 2021. “An Exclusive Landing Control System Fusing Vision of Multirotor UAV.” In 2021 33rd Chinese Control and Decision Conference (CCDC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ccdc52312.2021.9602254
- Zhong Chen, Changjie Yu, and Jianwen Yang. 2005. “Dynamic Modeling Using Cascade-Correlation RBF Networks for Tilt Rotor Aircraft Platform.” In 2005 International Conference on Neural Networks and Brain, vol. 1. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icnnb.2005.1614561
- Zhou, Junqiang, Marcello Canova, and Andrea Serrani. 2015b. “Non-Intrusive Reference Governors for over-Actuated Constrained Linear Systems.” In 2015 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ecc.2015.7331012
- Zhou, Junqiang, Marcello Canova, and Andrea Serrani. 2015c. “Stability and Feasibility of Predictive Inverse Model Allocation for Constrained over-Actuated Linear Systems.” In 2015 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.2015.7172048
- Zhou, Junqiang, Marcello Canova, and Andrea Serrani. 2016. “Predictive Inverse Model Allocation for Constrained over-Actuated Linear Systems.” Automatica 67: 267–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2016.01.045
- Zhou, Weifeng, Shengyang Chen, Ching-Wei Chang, Chih-Yung Wen, Chih-Keng Chen, and Boyang Li. 2020b. “System Identification and Control for a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Cruise Flight.” IEEE Access 8: 218348–59. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3042316
- Zhou, Kaiwen, Changming Cheng, and Xin Wen. 2024. “Data-Driven Control-Oriented Modeling for Response of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” AIAA Journal 62 (10): 3789–3802. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.j064022
- Zhou, Ye, Hann Woei Ho, and Qiping Chu. 2021. “Extended Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Optical Flow Control of Micro Air Vehicles.” Aerospace Science and Technology 116: 106889. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2021.106889
- Zhou, Yang, Guoping Huang, and Chen Xia. 2020a. “Analysis of Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft with Gas-Driven Fan Propulsion System.” Aerospace Science and Technology 104: 105984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ast.2020.105984
- Zhou, Weifeng, Boyang Li, Jingxuan Sun, Chih-Yung Wen, and Chih-Keng Chen. 2019b. “Position Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV Using Successive Linearization Based Model Predictive Control.” Control Engineering Practice 91: 104125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2019.104125
- Zhou, Meng, Yuanheng Li, Shaorui Zhou, Lingxiao Wu, Fan Wang, and Changmin Jiang. 2026c. “Multi-Dimensional Constraint-Based Vertiport Location Optimization for Urban Air Mobility.” Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review 216: 105124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2026.105124
- Zhou, Zhenyu, and Yanchao Liu. 2021. “A Smart Landing Platform with Data-Driven Analytic Procedures for UAV Preflight Safety Diagnosis.” IEEE Access 9: 154876–91. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2021.3128866
- Zhou, Jinni, Ximin Lyu, Xiaoyu Cai, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2018. “Frequency Domain Model Identification and Loop-Shaping Controller Design for Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” In 2018 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas.2018.8453475
- Zhou, Jinni, Ximin Lyu, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2017. “A Unified Control Method for Quadrotor Tail-Sitter UAVs in All Flight Modes: Hover, Transition, and Level Flight.” In 2017 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/iros.2017.8206359
- Zhou, Shaorui, Jia Pan, Min Zhao, Lingxiao Wu, and Weiqing Li. 2026a. “Data-Driven Vertiport Location Optimization for Urban Air Mobility.” ENGINEERING Management. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42524-026-5302-4
- Zhou, Mengqi, and Ban Wang. 2026. “Predefined-Time Disturbance Observer and Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control for Hybrid VTOL UAV under Disturbance and Actuator Faults.” In 2026 IEEE/ASME International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aim65483.2026.11658134
- Zhou, Zan, Zian Wang, Zheng Gong, Xiong Zheng, Yang Yang, and Pengcheng Cai. 2022a. “Design of Thrust Vectoring Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Stability Augmentation Controller Based on L1 Adaptive Control Law.” Symmetry 14 (9): 1837. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14091837
- Zhou, Mengqi, Ban Wang, Huimin Zhao, and Yifang Fu. 2025. “Adaptive Transition Flight Control for a Multi-Mode VTOL UAV with Model Uncertainties and Actuator Faults.” IFAC-PapersOnLine 59 (20): 500–505. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2025.11.200
- Zhou, Li, Jingtao Yang, Tilman Strampe, and Uwe Klingauf. 2022b. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Path-Following Control for a Hybrid Quad-Plane Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control 33 (17): 10304–27. https://doi.org/10.1002/rnc.6503
- Zhou, Hui, Guojun Yuan, Kun Liu, and Lei Ma. 2023. “Active Disturbance Rejection Control for an over-Actuated Vehicle on SO(3).” In 2023 2nd Conference on Fully Actuated System Theory and Applications (CFASTA). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cfasta57821.2023.10243168
- Zhou, Wenjie, Yuanliang Zhang, and Lixue Ni. 2026d. “Research on Autonomous UAV Shipboard Landing Control for Dynamic Ship Platforms.” Machines 14 (6): 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines14060612
- Zhou, Jianyong, Jianping Zhou, Zicheng Jiang, and Haiyang Li. 2012. “Investigation into Pilot Handling Qualities in Teleoperation Rendezvous and Docking with Time Delay.” Chinese Journal of Aeronautics 25 (4): 622–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1000-9361(11)60427-5
- Zhu, Wenwu, Haibo Du, Yingying Cheng, and Zhaobi Chu. 2017. “Hovering Control for Quadrotor Aircraft Based on Finite-Time Control Algorithm.” Nonlinear Dynamics 88 (4): 2359–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11071-017-3382-8
- Zhu, Yuanyuan, Hao Liu, Bin Ren, Hongliang Duan, Xiaoyu She, and Zhenglong Wu. 2019. “A Model-Free Flat Spin Recovery Scheme for Miniature Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned Systems (ICUS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icus48101.2019.8996021
- Zhu, Yongbin, Hailong Pei, Liping Wang, Yuyuan Huang, and Kangqi Ou. 2023b. “A Vision-Based Autonomous Landing Method on Mobile Platform for UAV.” In 2023 42nd Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc58697.2023.10240611
- Zhu, Jiahao, Yongjie Shi, Taihang Ma, Guohua Xu, and Zhiyuan Hu. 2025b. “Effect of Dynamic Tilting Speed on the Flow Field of Distributed Multi-Propeller Tilt-Wing Aircraft during Transition Flight.” Machines 13 (12): 1130. https://doi.org/10.3390/machines13121130
- Zhu, Bo, Xinhua Wang, and Kai-Yuan Cai. 2009. “Output Tracking of VTOL Aircraft with Delayed Attitude Measurements.” In Proceedings of the 48h IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) held jointly with 2009 28th Chinese Control Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2009.5399997
- Zhu, Mingyuan, Jiaxing Wang, and Xiangyin Zhang. 2025a. “Composite Control of Aerodynamic Direct Force and Thrust Vector for Carrier-Based Aircraft Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2025 44th Chinese Control Conference (CCC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/ccc64809.2025.11178571
- Zhu, He, Shaoxiong Wei, Hong Nie, Yuhao Du, and Xiaohui Wei. 2024b. “Ground Effect on the Thrust Performance of Staggered Rotor System.” Drones 8 (4): 118. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones8040118
- Zhu, Qidan, Zixia Wen, Zhi Zhang, and Yongtao Yu. 2012. “Shipboard Aircraft Arresting System Modeling and Simulation.” In 2012 Second International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Computer, Communication and Control. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/imccc.2012.288
- Zhu, Jihong, Yunjie Yang, Minchi Kuang, et al. 2026. “Design and Flight Control of Tail-Sitter Uncrewed Aerial Vehicles: A Review.” IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics 31 (3): 3345–69. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmech.2025.3643836
- Zhu, Yingtao, Bingjie Zhu, Xixiang Yang, Zhongxi Hou, and Jianan Zong. 2022b. “Fuzzy Logic-Based Energy Management Strategy of Hybrid Electric Propulsion System for Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” Aerospace 9 (10): 547. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100547
- Zilberman, Arkadi, and Natan Kopeika. 2022. “A Simple Model for Assessing Millimeter-Wave Attenuation in Brownout Conditions.” Sensors 22 (22): 8889. https://doi.org/10.3390/s22228889
- Zintl, Michael, Sven Liedtke, Dominik Janetzko, et al. 2024. “An Augmented Reality Pilot Assistance Concept for Advanced Air Mobility Aircraft Employing Simplified Vehicle Operations.” In 2024 AIAA DATC/IEEE 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference (DASC). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/dasc62030.2024.10749170
- Zohar, Y., and J. Er-El. 1988. “Influence of the Aspect Ratio on the Aerodynamics of the Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aircraft 25 (3): 200–205. https://doi.org/10.2514/3.45578
- Zong, Jianan, Bingjie Zhu, Zhongxi Hou, Xixiang Yang, and Jiaqi Zhai. 2021. “Evaluation and Comparison of Hybrid Wing VTOL UAV with Four Different Electric Propulsion Systems.” Aerospace 8 (9): 256. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8090256
- Zong, Jianan, Bingjie Zhu, Zhongxi Hou, Xixiang Yang, and Jiaqi Zhai. 2022. “Sizing and Mission Profile Analysis of the Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for Retrofitting a Fixed Wing VTOL Aircraft.” International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2022: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/9384931
- Zou, Xu, Zhenbao Liu, Zhen Jia, and Baodong Wang. 2025. “Accurate Tracking of Agile Trajectories for a Tail-Sitter UAV under Wind Disturbances Environments.” Drones 9 (2): 83. https://doi.org/10.3390/drones9020083
- Zou, Yiru, Chunsheng Liu, and Ke Lu. 2021b. “Robust Smooth Transfer for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft under the Asynchronous Switching.” Journal of the Franklin Institute 358 (18): 9698–9720. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2021.10.016
- Zou, Xu, Zhenbao Liu, Baodong Wang, Wen Zhao, and Qingqing Dang. 2024. “Model-Free Control-Based Trajectory Tracking Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV in Hovering Mode.” IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 73: 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/tim.2024.3373081
- Zou, Xu, Zhenbao Liu, Wen Zhao, and Chao Zhang. 2021a. “Optimal Hovering Control of a Tail-Sitter via Model-Free Fast Terminal Slide Mode Controller and Cuckoo Search Algorithm.” In 2021 International Conference on Unmanned Aircraft Systems (ICUAS). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/icuas51884.2021.9476862
- Zou, Yao, and Ziyang Meng. 2019. “Coordinated Trajectory Tracking of Multiple Vertical Take-off and Landing UAVs.” Automatica 99: 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.automatica.2018.10.011
- Zuccher, Simone, and Sergio De Ponte. 2007. “Post-Stall Motions Evolving toward Chaos.” Journal of Aircraft 44 (3): 833–44. https://doi.org/10.2514/1.25389
- Zurn, Markus, Kye Morton, Alexander Heckmann, Aaron McFadyen, Stefan Notter, and Felipe Gonzalez. 2016. “MPC Controlled Multirotor with Suspended Slung Load: System Architecture and Visual Load Detection.” In 2016 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/aero.2016.7500543
- Zwiener, Jan, Johannes Stephan, and Christoph Seiferth. 2026. “Real-Time Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Large Multirotor Aircraft.” IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology 34 (3): 1665–72. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcst.2026.3672184
Primary Sources, Non-Peer-Reviewed
- “13. from Steady Flight to Flight Dynamics.” 2011. In Steady Aircraft Flight and Performance. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400839063-016
- “1976 US Standard Atmosphere Model.” 2014. In Commercial Airplane Design Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-419953-8.00019-x
- A-4 Aircraft Instruments Committee. n.d. Integrated Flight Instruments and Flight Control Systems. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air722
- A3, Airbus, Ananth Sridharan, and Bharath Govindarajan. 2020. “Evaluation of Sizing Strategies for eVTOL UAV Configurations.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16455
- Aagren, Tove, Allen Ruan, Juan Garcia-Bonilla, et al. n.d. “Rotor–Rotor Interference Modeling for Flight Dynamics Analysis of a Mars Hexacopter Concept.” In Transformative Vertical Flight. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260000508
- Abbasi, Ehsan. 2017. “Development and Implementation of a Adaptive Fuzzy Control System for a VTOL Vehicle in Hovering Mode.” International Journal of Control Theory and Computer Modeling 7 (1/2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.5121/ijctcm.2017.7201
- Abbott, J. M., J. H. Diedrich, and R. C. Williams. 1978. Low-Speed Aerodynamic Performance of 50.8-Centimeter-Diameter Noise-Suppressing Inlets for the Quiet, Clean, Short-Haul Experimental Engine (QCSEE). NASA-TP-1178. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810002529
- Abdelhamid, Yahia, and Osama Kandil. 1998. “Effect of Reduced Frequency on Super Maneuver Delta Wing.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-415. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-415
- Abdessameud, Abdelkader, and Abdelhamid Tayebi. 2013b. “Position Tracking for VTOL UAVs.” In Advances in Industrial Control. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5094-7_5
- Abdul Rashid, Zuhairi Bin, Syed Mohd Fairuz Bin Syed Mohd Dardin, and Khairol Amali Bin Ahmad. 2025. “MIMO System Modelling of Lateral and Longitudinal Flight Characteristic of a Fixed Wing Type UAV Using Flight Testing Data and System Identification Method.” International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE) 18 (5): 205. https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v18i5.25896
- Abdulrahim, Mujahid, Justin Dee, and Jason Grzywna. 2017. “Handling Qualities Metrics for Small VTOL UAVs in Precision and Agile Maneuvering Tasks.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2017-1188. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1188
- Abergo, L., M. Malavolti, A. Guardone, and A. Zanotti. 2026. “Mid-Fidelity Numerical Investigation of the Interactional Aerodynamics Mechanisms in an Electrical Vertical Take-off and Landing Lift + Cruise Aircraft.” Physics of Fluids 38 (3): 036113. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0316657
- Aboelela, Mazen, William Heard, Jake Wild, Tom Wilson, and Michael A. Bromfield. 2026. “eVTOL Aircraft Preliminary Design & Validation – a Case Study.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10379591/v1
- Abraham, Mewael A., Alessandro Gardi, and Vladimir Parezanovic. 2026. “Susceptibility of Urban Air Mobility Vehicles to Spatiotemporal Non-Uniform Urban Wind Fields.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6944780
- Abras, Jennifer, and Nathan S. Hariharan. 2021. “Application of Machine Learning to Automate Flow-Physics Identification in Computed Solutions: Hover Rotor Wake Vortex Identification and Breakdown Analysis.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0474. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0474
- Abras, Jennifer, Nathan S. Hariharan, and Robert P. Narducci. 2019. “Wake Breakdown of High-Fidelity Simulations of a Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0593. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0593
- Abryandoko, Eko Wahyu, Ihwan Ghazali, I. Harnyard, Faisal Ashari, Moh. Nurudduja, and Mohd Ibrahim. 2026. “Hover Performance and RPM-Trim Optimization of Fixed-Pitch Propellers for Hybrid VTOL UAVs in Military Logistics Operations.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6401479
- Acher, Gwenael, Patrick Braud, Ludovic Chatellier, Lionel Thomas, and Laurent David. 2021. “Fluid Structure Interactions of a Pitching Wing at High Angle of Attack.” 14th International Symposium on Particle Image Velocimetry 1 (1). https://doi.org/10.18409/ispiv.v1i1.51
- Ackerman, Kasey, Steven Pelech, Ronald Carbonari, Naira Hovakimyan, Alex Kirlik, and Irene M. Gregory. 2014. “Pilot-in-the-Loop Flight Simulator for NASA’s Transport Class Model.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2014-0613. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0613
- Adams, J. 1972. “An Analysis of Aircraft Lateral-Directional Handling Qualities Using Pilot Models.” In 2nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1972-962. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-962
- Adamson, W. M. 1968. Feasibility Study of Advanced V/STOL Propeller Technology. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0671029
- Adarkar, D., and G. Hall. 1968. “The ‘Fountain Effect’ and VTOL Exhaust Ingestion.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-79. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-79
- Adavbiele, A. S. 2009a. “Computational Dynamics of Fluid Controlled Mechanical Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Science and Technology 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.4314/jast.v13i1.17486
- Adavbiele, A. S. 2009b. “Examination of Aerodynamic Parameters of Fluid Controlled Mechanical Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Science and Technology 13 (1). https://doi.org/10.4314/jast.v13i1.17487
- Adavbiele, A. S., and L. A. Salami. 2007. “Performance Optimization of a Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle.” Advanced materials research 18-19: 407–13. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.18-19.407
- Addendum 1 Landing Gear Considerations. 2000. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118903094.oth1
- Addington, Gregory A., and James H. Myatt. 2000. Control-Surface Deflection Effects on the Innovative Control Effectors (ICE 101) Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada383536
- Adebimpe, Saheed. 2023. “Enhancing Urban Air Mobility Integration in Cargo Transportation through Tiltrotor Technology.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/3275
- Adelgren, Russell, John Minor, David Warner, and Jason Doster. 2004. The Development of a Hands-On Unmanned Aerial Vehicle/Remotely Piloted Vehicle Flight Test and Evaluation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada428090
- Adelt, W. H. 1981. “Type ‘A’ V/STOL: One Aircraft for All Support Missions.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033382
- Adnan, Maqsood. n.d. “Longitudinal Dynamics, Optimization and Control of Aircraft Transition Maneuver Using Aerodynamic Vectoring.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/48041
- “Advanced Control Techniques for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) Navigation and Flight Control.” 2023. NeuroQuantology. https://doi.org/10.48047/nq.2022.20.10.nq551258
- “Aerodynamic Design of Low-Speed Aircraft with a NASA Fuselage/wake-Propeller Configuration.” 1986. In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2693. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2693
- “Aerodynamic Interaction Study of the Rotor/wing Ensemble in Different Flow Configurations.” 1994. In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1921. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1921
- “Aerodynamics in the Age of Advanced Propeller-Driven Airplanes.” 1997. In A History of Aerodynamics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607158.010
- Afridi, Saadia, Tariq Amin Khan, Wei Li, and S. A. Sherif. 2023. “Numerical Investigation of the Thrust Vectoring Performance of a Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle.” In ASME 2023 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ht2023-107440
- Afridi, Saadia, Tariq Amin Khan, Imran Shah, Yasir Ali, Muhammad Nafees Mumtaz Qadri, and Wei Li. 2024. “Effect of Bypass Duct on the Thrust Vectoring Performance of Dual Throat Nozzle in a Supersonic Aircraft.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 146 (6): 061206. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4064608
- Agarwal, R., and J. Deese. 1985. “Aerodynamics of an Airfoil in Ground Effect with a Jet Issuing from Its Undersurface.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-19. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-19
- Agarwal, R., and J. Deese. 1986. “Euler Calculations for Flowfield of a Helicopter Rotor in Hover.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1782. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1782
- Agarwal, Dheeraj, Linghai Lu, Gareth D. Padfield, Mark D. White, and Neil Cameron. 2022. “The Use of Augmented Rotor Inflow to Predict Rotorcraft Responses in Hover and Low-Speed Manoeuvres.” Aeronautical Journal 126 (1301): 1168–86. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.123
- Aggarwal, Arpit, Ralf Hartmann, Stefan Langer, and Tobias Leicht. 2021. “Steady-State Flow Solutions for Delta Wing Configurations at High Angle of Attack Using Implicit Schemes.” In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79561-0_26
- Agostinelli, Christian, Christian B. Allen, Chenhui Liu, Giovanna Ferraro, and Abdul Rampurawala. 2013. “Propeller: Wing Interaction Using Rapid Computational Methods.” In 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-2418. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2418
- Agostinelli, Christian, Simone Simeone, Abdul Rampurawala, Christian B. Allen, and Feng Zhu. 2015. “A Fast Approach to Model the Effects of Propeller Slipstream on Wing Load Distribution.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-0028. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0028
- Agrawal, Shivansh, Syed Zuhair Ali Razvi, Patric Hruswicki, and Kyle Collins. 2024. “Handling Qualities Analysis of a Large Multi-Rotor eVTOL Using RPM, Collective and Cyclic Control Allocation Methods.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1299
- Ahad, O., and J. M. R. Graham. 2007. “Flight Simulation and Testing of the FanWing Experimental Aircraft.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 79 (2): 131–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660710732671
- Aharrah, R., and J. Lockenour. 1969. “Approach Flying Qualities: Another Chapter.” In AIAA Guidance, Control, and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1969-895. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-895
- Ahmadi, Karim, Davood Asadi, and Seyed Yaser Nabavi Chashmi. 2022. “Fault Tolerant Control of a Quadrotor Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” International Journal of Aeronautics and Astronautics 3 (1): 28–47. https://doi.org/10.55212/ijaa.1033224
- Ahmadi Dastgerdi, Karim, Davood Asadi, Seyed Yaser Nabavi Chashmi, and Önder Tutsoy. 2024. “Robust Adaptive Control Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for a Quadrotor in Presence of Partial Actuator Fault.” Journal of Engineering Technology and Applied Sciences 9 (1): 1–21. https://doi.org/10.30931/jetas.1169518
- Ahmed, Luqman, and Vrishank Raghav. 2024. “Development and Validation of an Experimental Setup to Study Propeller-Wing Interaction at Low Reynolds Numbers.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1507. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1507
- Ahmed, Anwar, and John Worley. 2008. “Yaw-Roll Coupled Oscillations of a Slender Delta Wing.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-366. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-366
- Ahmed, Noureldein, Mohamed Y. Zakaria, and Ashraf M. Kamal. 2024. “Investigating Tailless UAV Flight Dynamics through Modeling, Simulation, and Flight Testing.” Unmanned Systems 13 (02): 455–75. https://doi.org/10.1142/s230138502550027x
- Ahmed, Noor, and YongYing Zheng. 2013. “Non-Planarity to Improve Subsonic Performance of Delta Wing at Low Angles of Attack.” In 43rd Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-3176. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3176
- Aiken, T. N. 1977. Thrust Augmentor Application for STOL and V/STOL. NASA-TM-X-73241. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770017154
- Aiken, Edwin W. 1985. Effects of Side-Stick Controllers on Rotorcraft Handling Qualities for Terrain Flight. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1985-2550
- Aiken, E. W., J. L. Beilman, J. V. Lebacqz, and J. W. Clark Jr. 1977. “Capabilities of the Navy Variable Stability X-22A for V/STOL Flying Qualities R and D.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011162
- Air Force Flight Test Center Edwards AFB CA. 1974a. Stability and Control. Volume 1. Stability and Control Flight Test Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada011561
- Air Force Flight Test Center Edwards AFB CA. 1974b. Stability and Control. Volume 2. Stability and Control Flight Test Theory. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada011562
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1962a. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing. Appendix B. U.S. Standard Atmosphere Altitude, Temperature, Pressure and Density. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320208
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1962b. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing. Appendix D. Charts of Interest for the USAF Test Pilot School. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320203
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1967a. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing. Appendix C-1. Pitot-Static Position Error Relations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320209
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1967b. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing. Appendix C-2. Pitot-Static Charts. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320224
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1969. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase, Chapter 16. Chapter 16: Reprint of NASA TN D-5153, the Use of Pilot Rating in the Evaluation of Aircraft Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319985
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1981. Flying Qualities Phase, Volume II. Chapter 15: Dynamic Parameter Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320347
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1988a. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 14: Flight Control Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319984
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1988b. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 4: Equations of Motion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319975
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1988c. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 8: Dynamics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319979
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1989. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 9: Roll Coupling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319980
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1990a. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 5: Longitudinal Static Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319976
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1990b. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 6: Maneuvering Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319977
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1990c. Volume II. Flying Qualities Phase. Chapter 7: Lateral-Directional Static Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319978
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1991a. Volume II. Flying Qualities Flight Testing Phase. Chapter 10: High Angle of Attack. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319981
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1991b. Volume II. Flying Qualities, Chapter 1: Introduction to Flying Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319972
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1992a. Volume 1. Performance Flight Testing Phase. Chapter 3. Low L/D.. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada320221
- Air Force Test Pilot School Edwards Afb Ca. 1992b. Volume II. Flying Qualities Flight Test. Chapter 11: Engine-Out Theory. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada319982
- Aircraft, S-7 Flight Deck Handling Qualities Stds for Trans. 1960. Cockpit Visibility for Commercial Transport Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4271/air32a
- Aircraft, Range, and Endurance. 2011. “11. Aircraft Range and Endurance in Steady Flight.” In Steady Aircraft Flight and Performance. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400839063-014
- Aircraft and Flight Test Instrumentation. 2021. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118949818.ch3
- Aircraft Design Optimization. 2013. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568101.ch7
- Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach. 2024. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107290.0000.0000
- “Aircraft Dynamic Stability.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0303.0388
- “Aircraft Dynamic Stability.” 2014. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102547.0331.0420
- “Aircraft Dynamic Stability.” 2024. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics, Third Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107252.0333.0422
- “Aircraft Equations of Motion.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0145.0172
- “Aircraft Equations of Motion.” 2014. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102547.0163.0194
- Aircraft Equations of Motion. 2022. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119738251.ch3
- “Aircraft Flight Control.” 2014. In Flight Dynamics, Simulation, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17346-12
- Aircraft Hovering Control. 2007. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470059579.ch11
- “Aircraft Lateral-Directional Handling Qualities Design.” 2011. In Eigenstructure Control Algorithms: Applications to aircraft/rotorcraft handling qualities design. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbce074e_ch9
- “Aircraft Longitudinal Handling Qualities Design.” 2011. In Eigenstructure Control Algorithms: Applications to aircraft/rotorcraft handling qualities design. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbce074e_ch10
- “Aircraft Moments of Inertia.” 1996. In Performance and Stability of Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-034063170-6/50016-5
- “Aircraft Performance.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0079.0144
- “Aircraft Performance.” 2014. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102547.0085.0162
- “Aircraft Performance.” 2024. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics, Third Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107252.0085.0164
- “Aircraft Performance.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.006
- “Aircraft Range and Endurance in Steady Flight.” 2011. In Steady Aircraft Flight and Performance. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4h26.16
- “Aircraft Sizing, Engine Matching, and Variant Derivative.” 2010. In Aircraft Design. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511844652.013
- “Aircraft Stability & Control.” 2022. In Introduction to Aerospace Flight Vehicles. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. https://doi.org/10.15394/eaglepub.2022.1066.n42
- “Aircraft Stability and Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.010
- “Aircraft Stability and Control Augmentation.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0433.0472
- “Aircraft Stability and Control Augmentation.” 2014. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102547.0465.0508
- “Aircraft Stability and Control Augmentation.” 2024. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics, Third Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107252.0467.0510
- “Aircraft Stability Derivatives.” 1998. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Dynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862052.0333.0354
- “Aircraft Stability Derivatives.” 2002. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0169.0186
- “Aircraft Wing Rock in High-Angle-of-Attack Flight.” 2010. In Multiple Scales Theory and Aerospace Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600867644.0329.0351
- Aires, Jeremy, Shannah Withrow-Maser, Allen W. Ruan, Carlos A. Malpica, and Stefan Schuet. 2022a. “Analysis of Handling Qualities and Power Consumption for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) eVTOL Quadrotor with Degraded Heave Disturbance Rejection and Control Response.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17543
- Aires, Jeremy, Shannah Withrow-Maser, Stefan Schuet, Carlos A. Malpica, and Allen W. Ruan. 2022b. “Analysis of Handling Qualities for an Urban Air Mobility (UAM) eVTOL Quadrotor with Degraded Disturbance Rejection and Control Response.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1285
- Aires, Jeremy, Shannah Withrow-Masor, and Nicholas Peters. n.d. “Utilizing Advanced Air Mobility Rotorcraft Tools for Wildfire Applications.” In 80th Vertical Flight Society’s (VFS) Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240005091
- Airey, L. 1969. “Fluidic Sensors for Jet Engine Control.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-542. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-542
- “Airfoil Static-Pressure Thrust: Flight-Test Verification.” 1990. In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3286. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3286
- “Airplane Spin Testing.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0383.0416
- “Airspeed vs Flight Path Angle Performance Method for Powered-Lift Aircraft.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0169.0175
- Akshat Deshpande and Shyamkant Limaye. 2016. “Angular Rate Control for VTOL Multirotor Aircraft.” International Journal of Engineering Research and V5 (01). https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv5is010048
- Akshay, S. N., Mullangi Kalyan, S. Sreeharsha, Yadala Sandeep Kumar, and Ramesh M. Chalkapure. 2020. “Experimental Investigation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring by Shock Vector Control of an Ideal Contour Nozzle.” International Journal of Technical Research & Science 05 (01): 25–39. https://doi.org/10.30780/ijtrs.v05.i01.004
- Aksugur, Mirac, Gökhan İnalhan, and Randy Beard. 2008. “Hybrid Propulsion System Design of a VTOL Tailsitter UAV.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2242
- Akturk, Ali, and Cengiz Camcı. 2014. “Lip Separation and Inlet Flow Distortion Control in Ducted Fans Used in VTOL Systems.” In Volume 1A: Aircraft Engine; Fans and Blowers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-26249
- Al labbad, Maryam. n.d. “The Effects of Urban Settings on Airflow Characteristics for Urban Air Mobility Applications.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2021-14678
- Al-Mahturi, Ayad, Fendy Santoso, Matthew A. Garratt, and Sreenatha G. Anavatti. 2021. “Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Using Type-2 Fuzzy Systems.” In Unmanned Aerial Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820276-0.00009-1
- Al-Tael, Arkan K., Ihsan Y. Hussain, and Shakir J. Jasim Al-Saeedi. 2003. “Transient Performance of a Single-Spool Turbojet Engine.” Journal of Engineering 9 (01): 137–49. https://doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2003.01.12
- Alaimo, Samantha, Lorenzo Pollini, and Heinrich Bülthoff. 2011. “Admittance-Based Bilateral Teleoperation with Time Delay for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Involved in an Obstacle Avoidance Task.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2011-6243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6243
- Alam, Mushfiqul, and Sergej Celikovsky. 2017. “On the Internal Stability of Non-Linear Dynamic Inversion: Application to Flight Control.” IET Control Theory & Applications 11 (12): 1849–61. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2016.1067
- Alam, Mushfiqul, Sergej Celikovsky, and Daniel Walker. 2016. “Robust Hover Mode Control of a Tiltrotor Using Nonlinear Control Technique.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2016-0359. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0359
- Alatorre Sevilla, Armando. n.d. “Landing of a Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Limited Area.” PhD diss., Compiègne. https://doi.org/10.70675/f805cd5az289fz4a24zba4fzc6083ae4c260
- Alba, Christian, Ali Elham, Brian German, and Leo L. Veldhuis. 2017. “A Surrogate-Based Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization Framework Exploiting Wing-Propeller Interaction.” In 18th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. AIAA 2017-4329. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4329
- Albachten, H. T. 1956. Stability Analyses of Flying Platform in Hovering and Forward Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0116273
- Albang, L. F., and A. S. Roberts. 1974. Analysis of Spread Multi-Jet VTOL Aircraft in Hover. NASA-CR-155582. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780008103
- Albers, James A., and John Zuk. 1987. V/STOL Aircraft Configurations and Opportunities in the Pacific Basin. NASA-TM-100005. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880002262
- Albers, James A., and John Zuk. 1988. “V/STOL Aircraft Configurations and Opportunities in the Pacific Basin.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890023260
- Albers, James A., and John Zuk. 1990. Civil Applications for New V/STOL and STOL Aircraft. ARC-12175. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900000484
- Albers, James A., and John Zuk. 1992. Future V/STOL Aircraft for the Pacific Basin. ARC-12177. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920000320
- Ale Isaac Khoueini, Mohammad Sadeq. n.d. “Control a Multi-Ducted Fan UAV Using Thrust Vectoring.” PhD diss., Universidad Politécnica de Madrid. https://doi.org/10.20868/upm.thesis.83206
- Alexander, Grover L. 1979. AQUILA Remotely Piloted Vehicle System Technology Demonstrator (RPV-STD) Program. Volume I. System Description and Capabilities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada068345
- Alexander, Marc. 2025a. An Analytical Study of Helicopter Handling Qualities Characteristics Due to Active Force-Sensing Side-Stick Utilization. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5295
- Alexander, Marc. 2025b. Flight Loads and Aeromechanics Characterization of a Soft Inplane Hingeless Rotor Control System during Handling Qualities Testing. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5289
- Alfano, D. L., R. J. Oberto, and D. J. Renselaer. 1968. Analysis of Performance Characteristics in Ground Effect of a Large Scale V/STOL Multi-Fan-in-Wing Transport Model. NASA-CR-1180. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680026122
- Alford, Lionel D., and Robert C. Knarr. 1999. General Flight Test Theory Applied to Aircraft Modifications,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada371942
- Alford, W. J., Jr., and R. V. Harris Jr. 1966. Cruise Performance and Stability Considerations for Jet V/STOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015328
- Alford, W. J., Jr., R. E. Kuhn, and J. P. Reeder. 1963. Jet v STOL Tactical Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630011602
- Alford, W. J., Jr., and A. A. Luoma. 1960. Performance, Stability, and Control Characteristics at Transonic Speeds of Three V/STOL Airplane Configurations with Wings of Variable Sweep. NASA-TM-X-321. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020171
- Alfred, Jillian, Roberto Celi, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2013. “Rotorcraft Brownout Mitigation through Flight Path Optimization Using a High Fidelity Rotorcraft Simulation Model.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f69-0256
- Ali, Jaffar Syed Mohamed, Hamdi Kamaruddin, and Abdul Aabid. 2024b. “Study on the Propeller Characteristics of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Mechanics 129 (1): 12–23. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.129.1.1223
- Ali, Aarib Irfan, Adnan Maqsood, and Basharat Ali Haider. 2025. “Numerical Investigation of Propeller–Wing Interaction and Stability Characteristics of Micro Aerial Vehicles at Low Reynolds Numbers Using OpenFOAM.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5450318
- Ali, Ashraf, Carlos Rodriguez, Andrew Neely, and John Young. 2012. “Combination of Fluidic Thrust Modulation and Vectoring in a 2D Nozzle.” In 48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2012-3780. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3780
- Allan, Mark, Ken Badcock, G. Barakos, and B. Richards. 2003. “A RANS Investigation of Wind Tunnel Interference Effects on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-4214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4214
- Allel, Moncef, David Bou Saba, and Jérôme Persiani. 2023. “Model-Based Actuator Fault Detection and Isolation of Fleasy’s Innovative VTOL Prototype with Flight Experimental Validation.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3453. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3453
- Allen, Christian. 2004. “Multi-Bladed Lifting Rotor Simulation in Hover, Forward Flight, and Ground Effect.” In 22nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5288. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5288
- Almasabi, Mohammed, and Yu Zhang. 2026. “A Stochastic Two Stage Mixed Integer Programming Approach to Vertiport Network Design under Adoption Uncertainty.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6482030
- Alothman, Hussain. 2025. “Armadillo Interpolation for Jet Engine Control.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5218203
- Alqudsi, Yunes, Husam Sulaiman, Ebru Yildiz Aydemir, and Fadi Alyoussef. 2026b. “Hybrid VTOL UAV Architectures and Their Implementation in Modern Aerial Systems.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6000474
- Alqudsi, Yunes, Husam Sulaiman, Ebru Yildiz Aydemir, and Fadi Alyoussef. 2026a. “Hybrid VTOL UAV Architectures and Their Implementation in Modern Aerial Systems.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6002016
- Alscher, H., J. Schaeffler, J. Sinacori, and G. Steinmetz. 1966. “Control Power Usage for Typical Flight Maneuvering in Hover from a Systematic Analysis of Flight Test Data of the VJ 101 Aircraft and of a Hover-Rig.” In Military Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1966-816. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-816
- Alshbatat, Abdel Ilah Nour. 2021. “Adaptive Vision-Based System for Landing an Autonomous Hexacopter Drone on a Specific Landing Platform.” International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 20 (3): 245. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijista.2021.120525
- Alston, R. P. 1939. “Flight Research in Aerodynamics: Some of the Matters Investigated and Methods Used in Flight-Testing.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 11 (3): 84–86. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb030447
- Altamirano, George, Peter M. Suh, Carlos A. Malpica, et al. 2023. “Flying Qualities Analysis and Piloted Simulation Testing of a Lift+Cruise Vehicle with Propulsion Failures in Hover and Low-Speed Conditions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18078
- Althaus, Joseph, Yong Liu, Rui Huang, Nathan Daniher, Christopher Engel, and J. Jim Zhu. 2007. “Guidance, Navigation and Control System Design for a Tri-Propeller VTOL UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6459. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6459
- Altman, Aaron. 2015. “Closing the Loop on Aircraft Conceptual Sizing Using the Merlin Flight Simulator.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1012. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1012
- Alvarez muñoz, Jonatan. n.d. “Modélisation Et Contrôle Des Véhicules VTOL Avec Manipulateurs Rigides.” PhD diss., Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE). https://doi.org/10.70675/dfd7387azde7ez49e2zbe4dz8043cab539b3
- Amarnath, Ujwal, and Jeane Marina D’Souza. 2026. “Comparative Study of Reinforcement Learning Algorithms for Vision-Based Autonomous Drone Landing Using ArUco Marker.” In Technology for a Resilient Future. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781042017546-46
- American Helicopter Society INC Washington DC. 1965. Proceedings of National V/STOL Aircraft Symposium (1ST), 3-4 November 1965, Wrightpatterson AFB, Ohio. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0626360
- Amin, Rooh ul, and Aijun Li. 2017. “Modelling and Robust Attitude Trajectory Tracking Control of 3-DOF Four Rotor Hover Vehicle.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89 (1): 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2015-0236
- Aminaei, Hamzeh, Mojtaba Dehghan Manshadi, and Ali Reza Mostofizadeh. 2018. “Experimental Investigation of Propeller Slipstream Effects on the Wing Aerodynamics and Boundary Layer Treatment at Low Reynolds Number.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233 (8): 3033–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410018793703
- Amirgaliyeva, Saltanat N., Aisulu Ataniyazova, and Sergazy Narynov. 2025. “A Multi-Stage Vision-Guided System for Autonomous UAV Landing, Docking, and Recharging.” Вестник КазАТК 140 (5): 313–29. https://doi.org/10.52167/1609-1817-2025-140-5-313-329
- Amoozgar, Mohammadreza, Molly Hall, Grigorios Dimitriadis, and Jonathan E. Cooper. 2024. “The Effect of Thrust Vectoring on Aeroelastic Stability of Electric Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2044. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2044
- Amuedo, K. C., B. R. Williams, J. D. Flood, and A. L. Johns. 1989. “STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion Control Technology.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-323
- Amuedo, K. C., B. R. Williams, J. D. Flood, and A. L. Johns. 1991. “STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion Control Technology.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 113 (1): 68–74. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2906532
- An, Jun-Young, and Chang-Joo Kim. 2026. “Generalized Rotor Kinematics Modeling for Coaxial and Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-026-01215-6
- An, Chenliang, Baoquan Li, Wuxi Shi, and Xuebo Zhang. 2023. “Autonomous Quadrotor UAV Systems for Dynamic Platform Landing with Onboard Sensors, 296-305.” International Journal of Robotics and Automation 38 (4). https://doi.org/10.2316/j.2023.206-0807
- “An Analysis of Gap Effects on Wing-Elevon Aerodynamic Characteristics.” 1981. In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-364. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-364
- “Analysis of Gust-Response Flight-Test Data.” 1988. In Gust Loads on Aircraft: Concepts and Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861888.0173.0186
- “Analysis of Stress Effects on Pilot Workload.” 2024. In Third International Conference on Advances in Traffic and Communication Technologies (ATCT). University of Sarajevo - Faculty of Traffic and Communications. https://doi.org/10.59478/atct.2024.1
- Ananda, Gavin K., and Michael S. Selig. 2016. “Stall/Post-Stall Modeling of the Longitudinal Characteristics of a General Aviation Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-3541. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3541
- Anderson, Seth B. 1960a. An Examination of Handling Qualities Criteria for V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-331. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980223619
- Anderson, S. B. 1960b. Highlights of Handling Qualities Criteria for v STOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004821
- Anderson, S. B. 1966. Considerations for Revision of V/STOL HANDLING Qualities Criteria. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015333
- Anderson, S. B. 1967. A Discussion of the Use of Thrust for Control of VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-X-60451. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680015869
- Anderson, Ronald O. 1970. A New Approach to the Specification and Evaluation of Flying Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0710590
- Anderson, S. B. 1977. “A Comparison of V/STOL Handling Requirements with the VAK-191B.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011157
- Anderson, S. B. 1979a. A Comparison of the V/STOL Handling Qualities of the VAK-191B with the Requirements of AGARD Report 577 and MIL-F-83300. NASA-TP-1494. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790019011
- Anderson, S. B. 1981. Historical Overview of V/STOL Aircraft Technology. NASA-TM-81280. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010574
- Anderson, S. 1983. “An Overview of V/STOL Aircraft Development.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2491. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2491
- Anderson, S. 1984. “Handling Qualities Related to Stall/spin Accidents of Supersonic Fighter Aircraft.” In 11th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1984-2093. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2093
- Anderson, Seth B. 1990. “Jet-Powered V/STOL Aircraft: Lessons Learned.” In International Powered Lift Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920062680
- Anderson, Mark. 2004. “Aircraft Accidents Involving Post-Stall Flight.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5033
- Anderson, C., and B. Averett. 1972. “Use of Fixed and Moving Base Flight Simulators for the Aerodynamic Design and Development of the S-3A Airplane.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-764
- Anderson, L., and J. Foster. 1984. “Determination of AV-8B Flying Qualities by Nonlinear Parameter Identification.” In 11th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1984-2086. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2086
- Anderson, S., and R. Innis. 1965. “Stability and Control Considerations for STOL AIRCRAFT.” In Low-Speed Flight Meeting. AIAA 1965-715. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-715
- Anderson, Seth B., and Victor Lebacqz. 1997. Historical Overview of V/STOL Aircraft Technology. NASA/TM-1997-81280. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020051099
- Anderson, S. B., and R. H. Petersen. 1977. “How Good Is Jet Lift VTOL Technology.” Astronautics and Aeronautics 15. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780032787
- Anderson, S. B., and L. G. Schroers. 1972a. “Considerations for Stability and Control of V/STOL Aircraft: A Review of AGARD Report 577.” In AGARD Stability and Control te]. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730008267
- Anderson, S. B., and L. G. Schroers. 1972b. “Revisions to V/STOL Handling Qualities Criteria of AGARD Report 408.” In AGARD Handling Qualities Criteria. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720024371
- Anderson, Paul A., and Myrna L. Toivanen. 1970. Effects of Varying Levels of Autopilot Assistance and Workload on Pilot Performance in the Helicopter Formation Flight Mode. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0706001
- Andreea-Irina, Afloare, and Ionita Achim. 2014. “Prediction of the Handling Qualities and Pilot-Induced Oscillation Rating Levels.” Incas Bulletin 6 (Special 1): 3–13. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2014.6.s1.1
- Andrei, Irina-Carmen, Adrian Toader, Gabriela Stroe, and Florin Frunzulica. 2017. “Performance Analysis and Dynamic Modeling of a Single-Spool Turbojet Engine.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1798. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4972597
- Andrisani, D. 1982. “Experimentally Determined Pilot Models Using Hovering VTOL Flight Data.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1294. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1294
- Andrisani, Andrea, Diego Angeli, and Antonio Dumas. 2016. “Optimal Pitching Schedules for a Cycloidal Rotor in Hovering.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (5): 623–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2015-0066
- Androsky, A., S. C. Miller, J. A. Neiss, W. J. Portenier, and H. M. Webb. 1972. Study of V/STOL Aircraft Implementation. Volume 2: Appendices. NASA-CR-114518. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730007282
- Anemaat, Willem, Balaji Kaushik, and Ken Po. 2011. “A Method to Predict Deep Stall.” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3005. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3005
- Angelov, Jorg, and Florian Holzapfel. 2022. “A Continuity-Based Command Mapping Approach Applied to Airspeed Control of VTOL Transition Aircraft in the Context of Simplified Vehicle Operations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1385. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1385
- Anikin, D. A., and A. I. Saveliev. 2025. “Modeling the Process of Autonomous Landing of a Uav Quadcopter on a Moving Platform Using an Infrared Optical System.” Proceedings of the Southwest State University 28 (4): 8–20. https://doi.org/10.21869/2223-1560-2024-28-4-8-20
- Annamalai, Vinoth Kumar, and Selvakumaran Thunaipragasam. 2021. “Design, Modeling and Simulation of a Control Surface-Less Tri-Tilt-Rotor UAV.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94 (4): 541–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2021-0253
- Ansari, Ahmad A., Ningyuan Zhang, and Dennis Bernstein. 2018. “Retrospective Cost Adaptive PID Control of Quadcopter/Fixed-Wing Mode Transition in a VTOL Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1838. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1838
- Aoyagi, K. 1979. Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Large-Scale VTOL Lift-Fan Transport Model. NASA-TM-78560. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790013864
- Aoyagi, K., and T. N. Aiken. 1979. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Large-Scale VTOL Aircraft Model with Wing Root and Wing Thrust Augmentors. NASA-TM-78589. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790024996
- Aoyagi, K., and W. H. Tolhurst. 1964. Large-Scale Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Delta Winged Supersonic Transport Model to Determine Aerodynamic Effects of Forward or Reverse Thrust. NASA-TM-X-1017. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022812
- Aponso, Bimal L., David G. Mitchell, and Roger H. Hoh. 1987. Simulation Investigation of the Effects of Helicopter Hovering Dynamics on Pilot Performance. AIAA PAPER 87-2533. Systems Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870063261
- Appendix C Stability and Control Derivatives for a Notional GA Aircraft. 2021. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118949818.app3
- “Appendix E: Aircraft Engine Efficiency and Thrust Measures.” 2002. In Aircraft Engine Design, Second Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861444.0537.0546
- “Appendix F Flight Test for Drag Parameters.” 1999. In Performance of Light Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624103704.0459.0464
- Appleton, W., A. Filippone, and N. Bojdo. 2021. “Interaction Effects on the Conversion Corridor of Tiltrotor Aircraft.” Aeronautical Journal 125 (1294): 2065–86. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.33
- “Application of Dynamic Flight Control to Realization of Aircraft Spatial Flight Manoeuvre.” n.d. In Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/bfb0043104
- “Application of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in V/STOL Aircraft.” 2024. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. https://doi.org/10.56726/irjmets49706
- Applications of Advanced V/STOL Aircraft Concepts to Civil Utility Missions, Volume 1. 1977. NASA-CR-151987. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770015152
- “Approximate Expressions for the Dimensionless Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” 1997. In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-340-63200-0.50024-1
- “Approximate Expressions for the Dimensionless Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” 2013. In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098242-7.00031-6
- Arace, Matt, and Anubhav Datta. 2024. “Impact of Detailed SFC on Hybrid-Electric VTOL Sizing.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1341
- Aref, Pooneh, Mehdi Ghoreyshi, Adam Jirasek, Matthew Satchell, and Keith Bergeron. 2018. “Computational Study of Propeller Wing Aerodynamic Interaction.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-0778. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0778
- Arena, A., Jr., and R. Nelson. 1989. “The Effect of Asymmetric Vortex Wake Characteristics on a Slender Delta Wing Undergoing Wing Rock Motion.” In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1989-3348. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3348
- Arena, Andrew, Jr., and Robert Nelson. 1991. “Unsteady Surface Pressure Measurements on a Slender Delta Wing Undergoing Limit Cycle Wing Rock.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-434. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-434
- Ariante, Gennaro, and Umberto Papa. 2024. “Urban Air Mobility: Definitions, Regulations and Technologies.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-59754-1_1
- Arias, Paulo, Umberto Saetti, and James D. Baeder. 2025a. CFD Analysis of Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter Hover-to-Cruise Transition. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5330
- Arias, Paulo, Umberto Saetti, and James D. Baeder. 2025b. “Multi-Fidelity Analysis of Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter Hover-to-Cruise Transition.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0143
- Arif, A. A., and R. A. Sasongko. 2021. “Flight Test Evaluation for Tilt Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Development.” AVIA 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.47355/avia.v3i1.39
- Arledge, Tom, Doug Wardwell, Craig Hange, Tim Naumowicz, and Lawrence Olson. 1996. STOVL Jet Efflux Characteristics and Their Influence on Propulsion-Induced Effects. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020040849
- Armenio, Luca Bugliari, Nicola Cortigiani, Gaspare Vita, and Davide Cadeddu. 2024. “Gearing Matrix Definition via Control Allocation Optimization Applied to an over Actuated Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1064
- Armstrong, Johnny G. 1977. Flight Planning and Conduct of the X-24B Research Aircraft Flight Test Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb029224
- Army Scientific Advisory Panel Washington Dc. 1977. Remotely Piloted Vehicles (RPVs). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada046087
- Arnold, J. 1968. “Flight Test Evaluation of an Advanced Stability Augmentation System for the B-52 Aircraft.” In 5th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1968-1068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-1068
- Arnold, Charles E. 1987. “Spin Resistant Airplane Certification Issues.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/871849
- Arnold, Ronald N., and Leonard Maunder. 1961. “Gyroscopic Effects in Aircraft.” In Gyrodynamics and its Engineering Applications. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-063852-9.50019-0
- Aronson, Moses. 1987. “Validating Visual Cues in Flight Simulator Visual Displays.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0778, edited by Arthur Cox, Rudolf Hartmann. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.940458
- Aroussi, Mohammed. 2026. “Trajectory-Optimization Framework for Transition-Phase Control of Small-Scale Thrust-Vectoring V/STOL Air Vehicles.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/6900
- Arthur, M., F. Brandsma, N. Ceresola, and W. Kordulla. 1999. “Time Accurate Euler Calculations of Vortical Flow on a Delta Wing in Pitching Motion.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3110. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3110
- Arthur, Paul D., and Edward T. Pitkin. 1961. “Augmenting Aerodynamic Lift with Jet Lift.” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 65 (612): 830–32. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0368393100075982
- Arumugam, Vinoth Raj, and Senthilkumar Chidambaram. 2025. “Aerodynamic Effects of Propeller Slipstream on a Transition Micro Aerial Vehicle under Various Maneuvering Conditions.” Physics of Fluids 37 (1): 015121. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0243876
- Aryawijaya, Mutaqin. 2026. “Flight-Testing a Fruit-Fly Connectome as an Aircraft Yaw Damper.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202610.1232.v1
- Asadi, Davood. 2022. “Actuator Fault Detection, Identification, and Control of a Multirotor Using Residual Generation and Parameter Estimation Approaches.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-2051253/v1
- Asdurian, H. 1967. “Design and Instrumentation of a Large-Scale VTOL Test Bed for Investigation of Ground Proximity Effects.” In 5th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1967-181. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-181
- Ashkenas, I. 1965a. “A Consolidation of Lateral-Directional Handling Qualities.” In 2nd Annual Meeting. AIAA 1965-314. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-314
- Ashkenas, I. L. 1965b. A Study of Conventional Airplane Handling Qualities Requirements. Part 1. Roll Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0627659
- Ashkenas, I. L. 1965c. A Study of Conventional Airplane Handling Qualities Requirements. Part 2. Lateral-Directional Oscillatory Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0627989
- Ashkenas, I. 1969. “Summary and Interpretation of Recent Longitudinal Flying Qualities Results.” In AIAA Guidance, Control, and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1969-898. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-898
- Ashkenas, I. 1982. “Twenty-Five Years of Handling Qualities Research.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1353
- Asper, Garrett D., Patrick E. Corrigan, Benjamin M. Simmons, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2026. “An Evaluation of Fault-Tolerant Control Allocation Strategies for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1886. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1886
- Asper, Garrett D., and Benjamin M. Simmons. 2022. Rapid Flight Control Law Deployment and Testing Framework for Subscale VTOL Aircraft. NASA/TM-20220011570. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220011570
- Asper, Matthew S., and Jayant Sirohi. 2024. “Testing and Low Order Modeling of a Speed-Controlled Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2475. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2475
- Atesoglu, Özgür, and Kemal Özgören. 2006. “High-Alpha Flight Maneuverability Enhancement of a Twin Engine Fighter-Bomber Aircraft for Air Combat Superiority Using Thrust-Vectoring Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6056. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6056
- Atesoglu, Özgür, and M. Kemal Özgören. 2008. “Nonlinear Robust Controller Design for High-Alpha Maneuvering Enhancement of a Fighter Aircraft with Aerodynamic and Thrust Vectoring Controls.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6488. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6488
- Atesoglu, Ozgur, and Kemal Ozgoren. 2011. “Automated Maneuvering Control of a Conventional Tactical Aircraft Enhanced with Thrust Vectoring Controls.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6636. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6636
- Athayde, Alexandre, Alexandra Moutinho, and José Raul Azinheira. 2024a. “Experimental Nonlinear and Incremental Control Stabilization of a Tail-Sitter UAV with Hardware-in-the-Loop Validation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202402.0467.v1
- Atmaca, Direnc, Coen C. de Visser, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2026. “Active Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Sensor and Actuator Fault-Tolerant Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1743. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1743
- Atmaca, Direnc, Olaf Stroosma, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2025. “Piloted Evaluation of Flying-V with Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Envelope Protection.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0973. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0973
- Atmaca, Direnc, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2025. “Fault Tolerant Control for the Flying-V Using Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0081. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0081
- “Atmospheric Disturbance Models and Requirements for the Flying Qualities Military Standard and Handbook.” 1981. In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-302
- Attar, Peter, Raymond Gordnier, and Miguel Visbal. 2006. “Numerical Simulation of the Buffet of a Full Span Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference 14th AIAA/ASME/AHS Adaptive Structures Conference 7th. AIAA 2006-2075. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-2075
- Auer, B. M., H. C. Haller, and S. Lieblein. 1971. Computer Program for Preliminary Design and Analysis of V/STOL Tip-Turbine Fans. NASA-TN-D-6161. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710008166
- Aulehla, F., and G. K. Kissel. 1981. “Experience with High Performance V/STOL Fighter Projects at MBB.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033366
- Aume, Nilss M., Robert G. Mills, and Aldo A. Gillio. 1976. Summary Report of AMRL Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) System Simulation Study IV Results. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada028877
- Automatic Control of VTOL Aircraft. 1966. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670015759
- “Autonomous Positioning and Control System of Rotor UAV Based on Machine Vision.” 2021. International Journal of Frontiers in Engineering Technology 3 (8). https://doi.org/10.25236/ijfet.2021.030805
- Avera, Michael. 2019. “VTOL Concepts for Unmanned Payload Delivery Applications.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14535
- “Avionics—Part I Steep Landing Systems for VTOL Aircraft.” 1969a. Journal of the American Helicopter Society 14 (3): 24–24. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.14.3.24
- “Avionics—Part II: Systems Steep Descent Landing Systems for VTOL Aircraft.” 1969b. Journal of the American Helicopter Society 14 (4): 42. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.14.42
- AvMC, Us Army Ccdc, Tom Berger, Aaron Wagner, J. Mark, and Mark B. Tischler. 2020. “Guidelines for System Identification of Multirotor Vehicles with Highly Correlated Inputs.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16294
- Axten, Rachel M., and Eric N. Johnson. 2020. “Stabilizing a VTOL Freewing Testbed Vehicle in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1263. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1263
- Axten, Rachel M., and Eric N. Johnson. 2021. “VTOL Freewing Testbed Vehicle in Hover and Forward Flight.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1931. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1931
- Axten, Rachel M., and Eric N. Johnson. 2026. “Robust Trajectory Tracking Flight Control of a Tailsitter UAS.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2354. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2354
- Axten, Rachel M., Thanakorn Khamvilai, and Eric Johnson. 2024a. “Multi-Outer Loop Adaptive Control for a VTOL Free-Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0726
- Ayoub, A., and B. McLachlan. 1987. “Slender Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack: A Flow Visualization Study.” In 19th AIAA, Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1987-1230. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1230
- Ayre, Robert S., and Joel I. Abrams. 1958. “Dynamic Analysis and Response of Aircraft Arresting Systems.” Journal of the Engineering Mechanics Division 84 (2). https://doi.org/10.1061/jmcea3.0000057
- Babac, Marina Bagić, and Sandro Domitran. 2023. “Design, Manufacturing and Testing of a Tail-Sitter UAV Capable of Hovering.” International Journal of Sustainable Aviation 9 (3): 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsa.2023.10054538
- Babu, Meesala Ratan, and Prasanna Ramamoorthy. 2026. “Vertiport Location Problem for a Metropolitan City: An Unsupervised Machine Learning Approach.” Journal of Supply Chain Management Systems 15 (1): 33–44. https://doi.org/10.21863/jscms/2026.15.1.004
- Bach, Ralph E., Jr., and B. David McNally. 1988. A Flight-Test Methodology for Identification of an Aerodynamic Model for a V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-100067. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880007311
- Bach, R. E., Jr., and B. D. McNally. 1989. “A Flight-Test Methodology for Identification of an Aerodynamic Model for a V/STOL Aircraft.” In IFAC/IFORS Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900043052
- Bachelder, Edward N. 2020. “SCOPE: Pilot Workload Estimation Using Control Response: Theoretical Development and Practical Demonstration.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2267. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2267
- Bachelder, Ed, and Bimal Aponso. 2020a. “Novel Techniques for Characterizing and Testing Aircraft Handling Qualities.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Handling Qualities 2020 Technical Meeting - Huntsville, Alabama 2020. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2020_hq-915
- Bachelder, Ed, and Bimal Aponso. 2020b. “Novel Techniques for Characterizing and Testing Aircraft Handling Qualities Part Two.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Handling Qualities 2020 Technical Meeting - Huntsville, Alabama 2020. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2020_hq-914
- Bachelder, Edward N., Bimal L. Aponso, and Tom Berger. 2023a. Predicting Pilot Performance, Workload and Handling Qualities Using SCOPE. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1194
- Bachelder, Edward N., Bimal L. Aponso, and Tom Berger. 2023b. “A Theoretical Basis for Predicting Pilot Performance, Workload, and Handling Qualities.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1369. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1369
- Bachelder, Bimal L. Aponso, and Godfroy-Cooper. 2019. “Interplay between Optic Flow, Pilot Workload and Control Response during Aggressive Approach to Hover Maneuvers for Three Vertical Lift Vehicle Models.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14645
- Bachelder, Edward N., and Martine Godfroy-Cooper. 2019. “Pilot Workload Estimation: Synthesis of Spectral Requirements Analysis and Weber’s Law.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1228. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1228
- Bachelder, Edward, R. Hansman, and Duane McRuer. 2002. “Experimental Study of 3-D Synthetic Cues on Rotorcraft Hover Performance.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4873. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4873
- Bachelder, Edward N., Ronald A. Hess, Martine Godfroy-Cooper, and Bimal L. Aponso. 2018. “Linking the Pilot Structural Model and Pilot Workload.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0533. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0533
- Bachelder, Edward N., Jeffrey Lusardi, Bimal Aponso, and Martine Godfroy-Cooper. 2021. “Estimating Handling Qualities Ratings from Hover Flight Data Using SCOPE.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0593. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0593
- Bachfischer, Michael, Seyedbarzin Hosseini, Franz Sax, et al. 2024. “Linear Model Identification for a Coaxial Rotorcraft in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1719. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1719
- Bachler, Jakob, and Philippe Petit. 2021. “Incremental Dynamic Inversion Flight Control for the ACT/FHS EC 135 Helicopter.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16904
- Bachmaier, Benjamin, and Richard P. Anderson. 2021. “Lateral-Directional Stability and Control Aspects of Small Tiltrotor Aircraft Hovering in Significant Wind.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3215. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3215
- Bacon, Barton, and Aaron Ostroff. 2000. “Reconfigurable Flight Control Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with a Special Accelerometer Implementation.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-4565. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4565
- Baeder, James D., Shivaji Medida, and Tarandeep S. Kalra. 2014. “OVERTURNS Simulation of S-76 Rotor in Hover.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0045. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0045
- Baer, Steven. 2014. “F-35A High Angle of Attack Testing.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2014-2057. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2057
- Baer-Riedhart, J. 1981. “The Development and Flight Test Evaluation of an Integrated Propulsion Control System for the HiMAT Research Airplane.” In 1st Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1981-2467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2467
- Bagai, Ashish, and J. Gordon Leishman. 1995a. “Free-Wake Analysis of Tandem, Tilt-Rotor and Coaxial Rotor Configurations.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 51 - Ft. Worth, TX 1995. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f51-1063
- Bagai, Ashish, and J. Gordon Leishman. 1995b. “Free-Wake Analysis of Tandem, Tilt-Rotor and Coaxial Rotor Configurations.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 41 (3): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.41.196
- Bagby, C. L. 1963. “Considerations of Lift Engine Installations in VTOL Aircraft from the Viewpoint of the Airframe Designer.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/630074
- Bagdai, Udit. 2025. “Aerodynamic Efficiency Degradation in Multirotor UAVs.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.175018901.11809818/v1
- Bagdatli, Burak, Fatma Karagoz, Kevin A. Reilley, and Dimitri N. Mavris. 2019. “MBSE-Enabled Interactive Environment for Aircraft Conceptual Sizing & Synthesis.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0497. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0497
- Baggi, Raffaele, Elisa Franco, and Andrea Serrani. 2020. “Dynamic Control Allocation for a Class of over-Actuated Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0841. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0841
- Bagheri, Ahmad, and Mohammad Danesh. 2025. “Spin Recovery of High-Angle-of-Attack Aircraft with Altitude Gain Reduction in the Presence of Aerodynamic Uncertainty: A MIMO Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Approach.” IET Control Theory & Applications 19 (1): e70018. https://doi.org/10.1049/cth2.70018
- Bahr, M., M. McKay, R. Niemiec, and F. Gandhi. 2021. “Handling Qualities of Fixed-Pitch, Variable-Speed Multicopters for Urban Air Mobility.” Aeronautical Journal 126 (1300): 952–72. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.114
- Bai, ChengAn, and Chao Zhou. 2023. “Ground Effects on the Aerodynamics of a Wing with Slot Type Distributed Propulsion System for VTOL Applications.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 40 (s1): s583-s595. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2022-0065
- Baidya, Ranjai, and Heon Jeong. 2024. “Simulation and Real-Life Implementation of UAV Autonomous Landing System Based on Object Recognition and Tracking for Safe Landing in Uncertain Environments.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202401.1037.v1
- Baigang, Mi, and Bai Xuan. 2022. “New Flow Control Techniques with Prepositioned Stationary or Vibrating Elliptical Wing at Low Speed and High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 35 (5): 04022064. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001433
- Bailes, Edward E., Carl F. Mittag, and Robert M. Buckanin. 1975. Handling Qualities Evaluation, OH-58A Helicopter Incorporating a Ministab 3-Axis Stability Augmentation System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada033827
- Bailey, R. 1986. “Effect of Head-up Display Dynamics on Fighter Flying Qualities.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2206. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2206
- Bailey, J. Earl. 1987. “Helicopter-V/STOL Dynamic Wind and Turbulence Design Methodology.” In NASA. Langley Research Center Wind Shear(Turbulence Inputs to Flight Simulation and Systems Certification. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870015851
- Bailey, Randall. 1990. “The Application of Pilot Rating and Evaluation Data for Fly-by-Wire Flight Control System Design.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2826. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2826
- Bailey, Randall E., E. Bruce Jackson, Karl D. Bilimoria, Eric R. Mueller, Chad R. Frost, and Thomas S. Alderete. 2009. Cooper-Harper Experience Report for Spacecraft Handling Qualities Applications. NASA/TM-2009-215767. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090025299
- Bailey, Randall, Louis Knotts, Scott Horowitz, and Hugh Malone III. 1987. “Effect of Time Delay on Manual Flight Control and Flying Qualities during in-Flight and Ground-Based Simulation.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1987-2370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2370
- Bailey, R. O., S. C. Smith, and J. B. Bustie. 1983. Propulsion Simulation Test Technique for V/STOL Configurations. SAE PAPER 831427. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840046742
- Baillie, S., and R. Hoh. 1986. “The Effect of Heave Damping (ZW) on Helicopter Handling Qualities.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2129. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2129
- Bakaul, Saifur R., Yankui Wang, and Wu Guangxing. 2015a. “Effect of Vertical Strakes on Suppression of Wing Rock in Slender Delta Wing.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1039. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1039
- Bakaul, Saifur R., Yankui Wang, and Wu Guangxing. 2015b. “Suppression of Wing Rock in Slender Delta Wing by Horizontal Strakes.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2015-0746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0746
- Bakaul, Saifur Rahman, Yan Kui Wang, Guang Wu, and Humayun Qureshi. 2012. “Effect of Nose Tip on Wing Rock of Slender Delta Wing.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 232: 178–83. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.232.178
- Baker, Roger M. 1963. “Aircraft Arresting Systems for Military and Commercial Aviation.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/630268
- Bakhshi, Shashwat, and Prahit Dubey. 2022. “CFD and Experimental Investigation of Graphite Heat Spreader Based Cooling for Li-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles and EVTOL (Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing) Aircraft Applications.” In Volume 8: Fluids Engineering; Heat Transfer and Thermal Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2022-97123
- Balas, Gary, William Garrard, and Jakob Reiner. 1992. “Robust Dynamic Inversion Control Laws for Aircraft Control.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4329. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4329
- Balas, Gary, and John Hodgkinson. 2009. “Control Design Methods for Good Flying Qualities.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-6319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6319
- Balasa, Raluca, Catalin Pirvu, Constantin Cristian Andrei, and Corneliu Ioan Stoica. 2026. “Flight-Test Data Reduction Using the Largest-Triangle-Three-Buckets Algorithm for Subscale STOL Aircraft.” Incas Bulletin 18 (3): 17. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2026.18.3.2
- Balch, David T. 1983. “Experimental Study of Main Rotor/tail Rotor/airframe Interaction in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f39-001
- Balch, David T. 1984. Impact of Main Rotor Tip Geometry on Main Rotor/Tail Rotor Interaction in Hover. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f40-1173
- Balch, David T. 1985. “Experimental Study of Main Rotor/Tail Rotor/Airframe Interaction in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 30 (2): 49–56. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.30.49
- Balke, R. W. 1970a. “A Review of Turbine Engine Vibration Criteria for VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Environmental Effects on VTOL Designs - Arlington, Texas 1970. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-1326
- Balke, R. W. 1970b. “A Review of Turbine Engine Vibration Criteria for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 16 (4): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.16.29
- Ballano Martinez, Roman, Matej Andrejasic, and Julien Christophe. 2025. “Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Optimization of Distributed Electric Propulsion Systems.” In Measurement, Modelling and Simulations Techniques for Novel Aircraft Architectures. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.35294/ls2025-01-ballano-martinez
- Ballard, John D., K. L. Orloff, and A. B. Luebs. 1979. “Effect of Tip Shape on Blade Loading Characteristics for a Two-Bladed Rotor in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f35-001
- Ballard, John D., Kenneth L. Orloff, and Alan Luebs. 1980. “Effect of Tip Shape on Blade Loading Characteristics and Wake Geometry for a Two-Bladed Rotor in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 25 (1): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.25.30
- Ballin, Mark G., and Maire-Alix Dalang-Secretan. 1990. Validation of the Dynamic Response of a Blade-Element UH-60 Simulation Model in Hovering Flight. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950028556
- Baltazar, Maria Emilia, Jorge Miguel dos Reis Silva, and Tiago Nave. 2026. “Feasibility Study of Vertiport Implementation for Advanced Air Mobility at Humberto Delgado Airport Using Evtol Technology.” In XXII Simpósio de Transporte Aéreo. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220244.1234907
- Banazadeh, Afshin, and Farzad Banazadeh. 2014. “A Computational and Analytical Study into the Use of Counter-Flow Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Small Gas Turbine Engines.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 629: 97–103. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.629.97
- Banik, Sandeep, Jinrae Kim, Naira Hovakimyan, Luca Carlone, John Thomas, and Nancy G. Leveson. 2025. “Integrating Vision Systems and STPA for Robust Landing and Take-Off in VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1324. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1324
- Banks, Daniel W. 1988. “Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Forebody Aerodynamics of a Vortex-Lift Fighter Configuration at High Angles of Attack.” In Aerospace Technology Conference and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890063987
- Bannink, W. J., and E. M. Houtman. 1993. “Experimental and Computational Study of the Vortical Flow over a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_28
- Bannwarth, Jérémie X. J., Shahab Kazemi, and Karl Stol. 2024. “Frequency-Dependent H_∞ Control for Wind Disturbance Rejection of a Fully Actuated UAV.” Robotica 42 (6): 1781–95. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574724000523
- Barakos, George. 2023. “Rotorcraft Aerodynamics.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12437-2_1
- Barata, Jorge M. 2013. “Multiple Jet/Wall/Cross-Wind Interaction Relevant to VSTOL Ground Effects.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4380. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4380
- Barbato, Gregory. 1992. “Tactical Aircraft Cockpit Studies: The Impact of Advanced Technologies on the Pilot Vehicle Interface.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1992-1047. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-1047
- Barbini, Wayne J., Paul J. Balfe, Lovrien Jr., and Clark E. 1970. Category 2 Performance and Flying Qualities Tests of the HH-53C Helicopter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0869906
- Barbosa Marques, Fernanda, and Yan Silva. 2021. “PRELIMINARY SIZING METHOD FOR HYBRID-ELECTRIC POWERTRAIN/PROPULSION SYSTEMS OF eVTOL AIRCRAFTS.” In Proceedings of the 26th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2021.cob2021-1435
- Bardera, Rafael, Juan Carlos Matias-Garcia, and Adelaida Garcia-Magariño. 2020. “PIV Helicopter Rotor-Ground and Rotor-Frigate Interaction Study.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2740. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2740
- Barile, Anthony J. 1981. “Binocular Camera for Cockpit Visibility of General Aviation Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/810628
- Barker, W. 1966. “The Hoverbug VTOL Flying Simulator.” In Military Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1966-799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-799
- Barlow, Gregory J. 2004. Design of Autonomous Navigation Controllers for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Multi-Objective Genetic Programming. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada460111
- Barlow, Jonathan, Diana Acosta, and Minh Phan. 2009. “Adaptive Data-Based Predictive Control for Short Take-off and Landing (STOL) Aircraft.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. AIAA 2009-1800. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1800
- Barnes, Kyle, Peter M. Suh, and Curt Hanson. 2025. “Vertical Motion Simulator Handling Qualities Testing of a Piloted eVTOL Vehicle Having a Degraded Powertrain.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0168
- Baron, S. 1983. A Pilot/Vehicle Model Analysis of the Effects of Motion Cues on Harrier Control Tasks. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada136291
- Barrack, J. P., and J. V. Kirk. 1968a. “Low-Speed Characteristics of High-Performance Lift-Engine V/STOL Aircraft.” In SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680064100
- Barrack, J. P., and J. V. Kirk. 1968b. “Reingestion Characteristics and Inlet Flow Distortion of V/STOL Lift Engine Fighter Configurations.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680036528
- Barrack, J. P., and J. V. Kirk. 1969. Reingestion Characteristics and Inlet Flow Distortion of V/STOL Lift-Engine Fighter Configurations. AIAA PAPER 68-78. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690048773
- Barrack, J. P., and J. V. Kirk. 1970. Reingestion Characteristics and Inlet Flow Distortion of V/STOL Lift-Engine Fighter Configurations. NASA-TN-D-7014. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710003945
- Barrett, W. K. 1952. Development of High Performance Rotary Wing, Tipmounted Pulse-Jet Engine Components. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0001642
- Barrett, J. A. 1965. “Recent Developments in Vectored-Thrust Turbofans.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 37 (10): 309–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034084
- Barrows, Andrew K., Per Enge, Bradford W. Parkinson, and J. David Powell. 1996. “Evaluation of a Perspective-View Cockpit Display for General Aviation Using GPS.” Navigation 43 (1): 55–70. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-4296.1996.tb01917.x
- Bartlett, Christopher T., Michael L. Busbridge, and Olly T. Horton. 2002. “Considerations of a Head-up Display Field of View.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 4712, edited by Darrel G. Hopper. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.480961
- Barton, J. 1966. “Future Aspects of VTOL Safety.” In Aviation Safety Meeting. AIAA 1966-813. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-813
- Barzda, J. 1966. “A Low Frequency Oscillation Technique for Determining Dynamic Stability Derivatives.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-733. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-733
- Basak, Kumardip, and Anubhav Datta. 2026. On the Closed-Loop Feature-Based UAS Landing on a Moving Platform. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5204
- Basgall, Brandon, Bruno Moorthamers, Drew Darrah, Adam D’Silva, Wanbo Liu, and Willem A. Anemaat. 2024. “Conceptual Design of RUFUS, an Uncrewed Ducted Fan VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4428. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4428
- Baskaran, Roshan Vignesh, Ukeshkumar Harisrinivasan, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018. “Geometry Optimization of a Pintle Nozzle for Augmented Thrust Vectoring and Steering Using Expansion Waves.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4206. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4206
- Bass, Steven, Thomas Thompson, John Rutherford, and Stephen Swanson. 1993. “Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Test Results of the Canard Rotor/Wing Concept.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3412
- Bassey, Robert. 2025. FAA Vertiport Design Standards. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_evtol_2025-5366
- Bates, William R., Powell M. Lovell Jr., and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1951a. Additional Studies of the Stability and Controllability of an Unswept-Wing Vertically Rising Airplane Model in Hovering Flight Including Studies of Various Tethered Landing Techniques. NACA-RM-L51I07a. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086805
- Bates, William R., Powell M. Lovell Jr., and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1951b. Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Vertically Rising Airplane Model in Hovering Flight. NACA-RM-L50J16. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086601
- Batson, V. M., J. J. Hatfield, and N. E. Novack. 1981. “A Unique Integrated Flight Testing Facility for Advanced Control/display Research.” In Flight Testing Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820030384
- Batterton, Peter G., and Bernard J. Blaha. 1987. NASA Supersonic STOVL Propulsion Technology Program. NASA-TM-100227. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880004711
- Batterton, Peter G., and Bernard J. Blaha. 1988. “NASA Supersonic STOVL Propulsion Technology Program.” In International Powered Lift Conference and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880049988
- “Battery Testing for the Evtol Future.” 2023. Aerospace Testing International 2023 (4): 63–63. https://doi.org/10.12968/s1478-2774(24)50014-x
- Battipede, Manuela, Piero Gili, and Marco Lando. 2004. “Control Allocation System for an Innovative Remotely-Piloted Airship.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4823
- Battipede, Manuela, Piero Gili, Luca Massotti, and Piercarlo Vercesi. 2003. “Dynamic Modelling of a Non Coventional Thrust-Vectored Airship.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5460. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5460
- Battiste, Vernol, and Michael R. Bortolussi. 1988. “Assessment of Pilot Workload with the Introduction of an Airborne Threat-Alert System.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/881385
- Bauer, Andrew. 1987. “Modification of VTOL Flight for Reduction of Hot Gas Ingestion and Foreign Object Damage.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1987-2883. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2883
- Baughman, Christopher, and Kevin Longeauay. 2015. Handling Qualities Evaluations of Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada616887
- Bauknecht, Andre, Clemens Schwarz, Markus Raffel, and Stephan Mailänder. 2019. “Flow Measurement Techniques for Rotor Wake Characterization on Free-Flying Helicopters in Ground Effect.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2107. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2107
- Baumann, Daniel D., and Benjamin Z. Gal-Or. 1992. “Thrust Vectoring Fighter Aircraft Agility Research Using Remotely Piloted Vehicles.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/921015
- Baumgartner, Steven J., Roger F. Yurczyk, James G. Brister, and Vinod K. Rajpaul. 1979. New Remotely Piloted Vehicle Launch and Recovery Concepts: Computer Program Listings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada076611
- Bauschat, J.-M. 2001. “On the Dependence of Pilot Task and Pilot Workload.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4189. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4189
- Baxter, A. D. 1959. “Chapter 3. Air Flow Jet Engines.” In Jet Propulsion Engines. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400877911-005
- Baxter, J. W., and R. C. Finvold. 1958. “Jet Engine Control and Attitude Control in Vertical Attitude VTOL Aircraft.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/580070
- Bay, Ahmet Ertuğrul, and Tolgay Kara. 2026. “Aerodynamic Performance and Vortex Structure Investigations for a NACA2412 Based Non-Slender Delta Wing.” Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi 15 (2): 928–37. https://doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1847172
- Bayraktar, Omer, and Abdulmecit Guldas. 2026. “Modeling of a Dual-Axis Tilt-Rotor Mechanism for a High-Performance Quadrotor.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 98 (8–9): 1105–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2026-0034
- Beal, G. F. 1945. “Making the Cockpit Practical for the Pilot.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/450206
- Beale, R. B., and N. E. Miller. 1975. Turbine Engine Control Synthesis. Volume III. Experimental Engine Identification and Modeling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada014231
- Beard, B. B., and W. H. Foley. 1983. “A Design Study of a Reaction Control System for a V/STOL Fighter/Attack Aircraft.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/83-gt-199
- Beatty, T. D., and M. K. Worthey. 1984. Advanced Prediction Technique for the Low Speed Aerodynamics of V/STOL Aircraft. Volume 1: Technical Discussion. NASA-CR-166442-VOL-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840018594
- Bechelder, Ed, Eileen Bjorkman, and Bimal L. Aponso. 2025. PIO and Handling Qualities Prediction Using the USAFTPS BJORKMAN PIO Data Set. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5299
- Beck, Nils, Rolf Radespiel, Carsten Lenfers, Jens Friedrichs, and Alireza Rezaeian. 2014. “Aerodynamic Effects of Propeller Slipstream on a Wing with Circulation Control by Internally Blown Flaps.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0407. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0407
- Becker, Mark D., and Brian Frounfelker. 1992. “Gyroscopic Test for the T800-LHT-800 Turboshaft Engine.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/921955
- Beebe, Stanley Ikuo. n.d. “Hole-Type Aerospike Compound Nozzle Thrust Vectoring.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.136
- Beebe, J. 1968. “Some Projections on Subsonic Aircraft and Structures in the 80’s with Emphasis on V/STOL Type Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design for 1980’s Operations Meeting. AIAA 1968-213. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-213
- Beeler, E. F. 1965. Lift Fan V/STOL. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-3356
- Beh, H., G. Hofinger, and P. Huber. 2018. “Control Law Design and Flight Test Results of the Experimental Aircraft X-31A.” In Advances in Aircraft Flight Control. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315136820-15
- Behan, R., and F. Siciliani. 1965. “The Landing Task and Pilot Acceptance of Displays for Landing in Reduced Weather Minimums.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-722. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-722
- Beilman, J. 1983. “Indoctrination of Navy Test Pilots to Vectored Thrust Flight in the X-22A in-Flight Simulator.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1983-1076. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1076
- Beilman, J. L., T. J. Gavin, and R. D. Till. 1975. In-Flight Research Applications of an Analog Computer and Symbol Generator to Determine Display and Control Requirements for VTOL Instrument Landings. Calspan Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760031586
- Belák, Jan, and Martin Hromčík. 2023a. “Modular Propeller-Wing Interaction Modeling Method for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4671509
- Belia Alfiko, Agus Nur Cahyo, and Heru Susanto. 2025. “Effect of Tail Configuration Variation and Stability Level on Battery Performance in Unmanned Aerialvehicles (UAV).” International Journal of Mechanical, Industrial and Control Systems Engineering 2 (2): 18–34. https://doi.org/10.61132/ijmicse.v2i2.328
- Bell Aerospace Co Buffalo Ny. 1956. Standard Aircraft Characteristics. Ducted Propeller Assault Transport Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0102194
- Bell Aerospace Co Buffalo Ny. 1970. X-22A Tri-Service V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0871466
- “The Bell X-22A V/STOL, Variable Stability Research Airplane: Lessons Learned.” 1990. In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3207
- Bellavia, David C., Douglas A. Wardwell, Victor R. Corsiglia, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1991a. Forces and Pressures Induced on Circular Plates by a Single Lifting Jet in Ground Effect. NASA-TM-102816. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910012764
- Bellavia, David C., Douglas A. Wardwell, Victor R. Corsiglia, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1991b. Suckdown, Fountain Lift, and Pressures Induced on Several Tandem Jet V/STOL Configurations. NASA-TM-102817. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910014795
- Ben-Gida, Hadar, and Roi Gurka. 2022. “The Leading-Edge Vortex over a Swift-like High-Aspect-Ratio Wing with Nonlinear Swept-Back Geometry.” Bioinspiration & Biomimetics 17 (6): 066016. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/ac9bb5
- Benbassat, Danny. 2005. “Perceived Importance of the Visual Cues to the Timing of the Landing Flare.” Journal of Aviation/Aerospace Education & Research. https://doi.org/10.15394/jaaer.2005.1512
- Bencze, Daniel P., Ronald C. Smith, H. Robert Welge, and James P. Crowder. 1978. “Propeller Slipstream Wing Interactions at Mach No. 0.8.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/780997
- Bendarkar, Mayank V., Darshan Sarojini, Evan Harrison, and Dimitri N. Mavris. 2021. “Evaluation of off-Nominal Performance and Reliability of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft during Early Design.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1723
- Bendotti, P., and J. C. Morris. 1995. “Robust Hover Control for a Model Helicopter.” In Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC’95, vol. 1. American Autom Control Council. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1995.529337
- Benedict, Moble, Justin Winslow, Zohaib Hasnain, and Inderjit Chopra. 2015. “Experimental Investigation of Micro Air Vehicle Scale Helicopter Rotor in Hover.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 7 (3): 231–55. https://doi.org/10.1260/1756-8293.7.3.231
- Benghezal, Amar, Abdelkrim Nemra, Nour el Islem Bouaziz, and Mohamed Tadjine. 2022. “New Robust Backstepping Attitude Control Approach Applied to Quanser 3 DOF Hover Quadrotor in the Case of Actuators Faults.” Unmanned Systems 12 (01): 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385024500018
- Benmoussa, Amine, and Pedro Vieira Gamboa. 2024. “Flight Simulation of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion VTOL UAV for Mission Performance Assessment.” In Advances in science and technology, vol. 144. Trans Tech Publications. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-b4hazw
- Bennett, Charles V. 1947. Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultee XB-53 Airplane with a Full-Span Leading-Edge Slat in the Langley Free-Flight Tunnel. NACA-RM-SL7L17. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028507
- Bennett, C. Thomas, Wayne Johnson, and K. A. O’Donnell. 1988. “Dynamic Perspective Displays and the Control of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft in Simulated Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f44-017
- Bennett, Christopher J., Nicholas Lawson, Jim Gautrey, and Alastair Cooke. 2017. “The Aircraft Spin: A Mathematical Approach and Comparison to Flight Test.” In AIAA Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2017-3652. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3652
- Bennink, James, and Jack W. Langelaan. 2024. “Design and Initial Flight Testing of a Coaxial Tilting-Head Compound Rotorcraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-0008
- Benoit, Tuur, Jon Verbeke, Rob De Roo, and Yves Lemmens. 2014. “Flight Dynamics Simulation with Integrated Electrical System Model for Pilot-in-the-Loop Testing.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2014-2056. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2056
- Beppu, G., and H. C. Curtiss Jr. 1966. An Analytical Study of Factors Influencing the Longitudinal Stability of Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0640945
- Berdoyes, Michel. 1989. “Thrust Vector Control by Injection of Hot Gas Bled from the Chamber Hot Gas Valve.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2867. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2867
- Berend, Gábor. 2020. “Comparison of Different Approaches for Modeling Vortex: Rotor Wake Interference on Rotor Trim.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16284
- Berens, Thomas M. 2019. “Pitch Thrust Vectoring Studies for the Eurofighter Typhoon Combat Aircraft with Impact from External Aerodynamics.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1685. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1685
- Berger, Tom, Chris Blanken, William A. Decker, Carlos A. Malpica, and Colin R. Theodore. 2010. “An Investigation of Large Tilt-Rotor Short-Term Attitude Response Handling Qualities Requirements in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000052
- Berger, Tom, Kevin T. Christensen, Seung Balk, John Rominger, and Sam Clark. 2025. Evaluation of Active Sidestick Failure Mode Handling Qualities. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5294
- Bergman, D. 1979. “Thrust Vectoring Applied to Aircraft Having High Wing Loading.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1812
- Berlin, Ron, Koushik Marepally, and James D. Baeder. 2025. Improvements to the Da Vinci Aerial Screw as a VTOL Thrusting Alternative. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5325
- Berman, Theodore. 1947a. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Tests of a 1/24-Scale Model of the McDonnell XP-88 Airplane with a Conventional Tail. NACA-RM-L7H21. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019357
- Berman, Theodore. 1947b. Spin and Recovery Characteristics of the Curtiss-Wright XP-87 Airplane. NACA-RM-L7F02. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019623
- Berman, Theodore. 1949a. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/20-Scale Model of the McDonnell XF2H-1 Airplane. NACA-RM-SL9F17. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090026525
- Berman, Theodore. 1949b. Spin and Recovery Characteristics of the Northrop XF-89 Airplane. NACA-RM-SL9B28a. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090026468
- Berman, Theodore, and Norman E. Pumphrey. 1950. Investigation of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Modified Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane. TED No. NACA DE 311. NACA-RM-SL50F02. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050080688
- Bermperis, Dimitrios, Mavroudis D. Kavvalos, Stavros Vouros, and Konstantinos Kyprianidis. 2024. “Advanced Power Management Strategies for Complex Hybrid-Electric Aircraft.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-126483
- Bernardini, Chiara, Stuart I. Benton, Kyle Hipp, and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2014. “Large Low-Frequency Oscillations Initiated by Sub-Optimal Flow Control on a Post-Stall Airfoil.” In 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2014-2978. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2978
- Bernatz, Andreas, and Frank Thielecke. 2004. “Navigation of a Low Flying VTOL Aircraft with the Help of a Downwards Pointing Camera.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4750
- Bernyk, Alexandra, Vedant Mantri, and Finn Sutherland. 2023. “Aerodynamic Investigation of Vertiport Design for Air Taxis.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-76534. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-76534
- Berrios, Marcos G., Ondrej Juhasz, Tom Berger, Mark B. Tischler, and Frank Sanders. 2017. “Hover Flight Control Design for UAS Using Performance-Based Disturbance Rejection Requirements.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12202
- Berry, D. 1981. “Flying Qualities Criteria and Flight Control Design.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1823. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1823
- Berry, D. 1986. “A Flightpath Overshoot Flying Qualities Metric for the Landing Task.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-334
- Berry, Patrick. 2000. “Sizing the Landing Gear in the Conceptual Design Phase.” In 2000 World Aviation Conference. AIAA 2000-5601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5601
- Berry, Paul W., John R. Broussard, and Sol W. Gully. 1979. Validation of High Angle-of-Attack Analysis Methods. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada087621
- Berry, D., and B. Powers. 1970. “Flying Qualities of a Large, Supersonic Aircraft in Cruise and Landing Approach.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-566
- Bershadsky, Dmitry, Eric N. Johnson, and Stephen T. Haviland. 2016. “Electric Multirotor Propulsion System Optimization for Mission Objectives.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11397
- Bertelsen, William D. 2016. “Hover Testing of a Large Multi-Element Arc Wing VTOL Research Model.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1979
- Bertrand, Sylvain, Tarek Hamel, and Hélène Piet-Lahanier. 2009. “Stabilization of Scale Model Vertical Take-off and Landing Vehicles without Velocity Measurements.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/6469
- Beser, J. 1978. “Approach Guidance Logic for a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1295. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1295
- Betzina, M. D., and M. D. Falarski. 1979. “Aerodynamics of a Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Propulsion System.” In Workshop of V/STOL Aerodynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790018967
- Betzina, M. D., and R. Kita. 1979. “Aerodynamic Effects of an Attitude Control Vane on a Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Propulsion System.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790063901
- Bevilaqua, Paul, Richard Margason, and Charles Gaharan. 2007. “A Jet Entrainment Theory for VTOL Aircraft Suckdown.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1397. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1397
- Beyer, Yannic, Alexander Kuzolap, Meiko Steen, Jobst H. Diekmann, and Nicolas Fezans. 2018. “Adaptive Nonlinear Flight Control of STOL-Aircraft Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 2018 Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2018-3257. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3257
- Beyne, Egon E., and Saullo G. Castro. 2022. “Preliminary Performance Assessment of a Long-Range eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1030. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1030
- Bhabar, Kuldeep, and Mukesh Sharma. 2025. “CFD Analysis of Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” JOURNAL OF ADVANCE AND FUTURE RESEARCH 3 (6). https://doi.org/10.56975/jaafr.v3i6.500544
- Bhagwat, Mahendra, Marvin Moulton, and Francis Caradonna. 2006. “Hybrid CFD for Rotor Hover Performance Prediction.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3474. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3474
- Bhandari, Rajan, and Imon Chakraborty. 2025. “Sizing and Optimization of Multi eVTOL Configuration for Urban Air Mobility Applications.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1434. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1434
- Bhandari, Rajan, and Imon Chakraborty. 2026. “Optimization of a Hybrid-Electric Multi-Tilt-Rotor Aircraft with Conventional and Vertical Takeoff and Landing Capabilities.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 82nd Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0206
- Bhandari, Rajan, Benjamin M. Davis, Stefanus H. Putra, and Imon Chakraborty. 2025. “Sizing and Optimization of a Subscale VTOL Aircraft with COTS Components Using the PEACE Framework.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3699. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3699
- Bhardwaj, Pranav, Venkata Sravan Akkinapalli, Jiannan Zhang, Saurabh Saboo, and Florian Holzapfel. 2019a. “Adaptive Augmentation of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller for an Extended F-16 Model.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1923
- Bhardwaj, Pranav, and Florian Holzapfel. 2024. “Unified Trajectory Control for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Transition Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4421
- Bhardwaj, Pranav, and Florian Holzapfel. 2025. “Design Reference Model Based Maneuverability Phase Planes of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3490. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3490
- Bhardwaj, Pranav, Stefan A. Raab, Jiannan Zhang, and Florian Holzapfel. 2018. “Integrated Reference Model for a Tilt-Rotor Vertical Take-off and Landing Transition UAV.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-3479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3479
- Bhardwaj, Pranav, Stefan A. Raab, Jiannan Zhang, and Florian Holzapfel. 2019b. “Thrust Command Based Integrated Reference Model with Envelope Protections for Tilt-Rotor VTOL Transition UAV.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3266. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3266
- Bhattacharya, S., A. T. Conlisk, B. Ganesh, et al. 2003. “Development of Unsteadiness in the Wake of a Rotor in Ground Effect.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000051
- Bhattacharyya, Somnath, and A. Conlisk. 2003. “The Structure of the Rotor Wake in Ground Effect.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-1255. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1255
- Bian, Haoliang, Longfei Zhao, Jiong Hu, and Yani Wang. 2025. “The Platform of Amphibious Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Based on the Tilt-Body Configuration.” IET Conference Proceedings 2024 (13): 327–33. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2024.2865
- Bianco, Santino J., and Donald L. Simon. 2023. “Control and Scaling Approach for the Emulation of Dynamic Subscale Torque Loads.” In AIAA AVIATION Forum and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230005325
- Biber, Kasim. 2005. “Prediction of Propeller Slipstream Drag Count for a Turboprop Airplane Performance.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-619
- Biber, Kasim. 2016. “Flight Dynamics Modeling of a Propeller-Driven Cargo Airplane.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-0806. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0806
- Biber, Kasim. 2017. “Wind Tunnel and Computational Stability Derivatives for a Propeller-Driven Airplane.” International Journal of Sustainable Aviation 3 (3): 271. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsa.2017.086844
- Bicer, Yunus, Majid Moghadam, Cagatay Sahin, Batuhan Eroglu, and Nazim Kemal Üre. 2019. “Vision-Based UAV Guidance for Autonomous Landing with Deep Neural Networks.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0140. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0140
- Bicking, Frederique, Philippe Weber, Didier Theilliol, and Christophe Aubrun. 2014. “Control Allocation Using Reliability Measures for over-Actuated System.” In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39881-0_41
- Bidinotto, J. H., H. C. Moura, and J. P. C. A. Macedo. 2021. “A Survey of Human Pilot Models for Study of Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) in Longitudinal Aircraft Motion.” Aeronautical Journal 126 (1297): 533–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2021.82
- Biermann, David, and Edwin P. Hartman. 1942. Wind-Tunnel Tests of Four- and Six-Blade Single- and Dual-Rotating Tractor Propellers. NACA-TR-747. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930091825
- Biesiadny, Thomas, Jack McArdle, and Barbara Esker. 1993. “Overview of STOVL Aircraft Propulsion Research Offtakes and Vertical Lift Systems.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4865. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4865
- Biezad, Daniel J. 1994. Controls Design with Crossfeeds for Hovering Rotorcraft Using Quantitative Feedback Theory. NASA-CR-195765. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940026698
- Biezad, Daniel, and Kenneth Bole. 2001. “Using Eigenspace Analysis to Determine Aircraft Flying Qualities.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4198. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4198
- Biggers, J. C., D. J. Giulianetti, and R. L. Maki. 1966. Longitudinal and Lateral-Directional Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Large-Scale, V/STOL Model with Four Tilting Ducted Fans Arranged in a Dual Tandem Configuration. NASA-TN-D-3490. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660019928
- Biggers, James C., and Arthur W. Linden. 1985. “X-Wing: A Low Disc-Loading V/STOL for the Navy.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/851772
- Bihrle, William. 1993. “Techniques for Tailoring Aircraft Stall and Post-Stall Behavior.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/931226
- Bihrle, W., Jr., and J. S. Bowman Jr. 1980. The Influence of Wing, Fuselage and Tail Design on Rotational Flow Aerodynamics Data Obtained beyond Maximum Lift with General Aviation Configurations. AIAA PAPER 80-0455. Bihrle Applied Research, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800042785
- Billet, A. B. 1964. “Rocket Engine Thrust Vector Control Operation through Secondary Injection.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640204
- Billings, Deborah R., and Paula J. Durlach. 2008. Effects of Input Device and Latency on Performance While Training to Pilot a Simulated Micro-Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada493588
- Bilodeau, Pierre-Richard, and Franklin Wong. 2010. “Modeling and Control of a Hovering Mini Tail-Sitter.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 2 (4): 211–20. https://doi.org/10.1260/1756-8293.2.4.211
- Bindu Mounica et al, Bindu Mounica et al., and Tjprc. 2020. “Numerical Study on Secondary Jet Injection of Fluid for Thrust Vectoring in 2-D Supersonic Nozzle.” International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 10 (3): 8743–50. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdjun2020832
- Bingaman, J. 2012. “Unmanned Aircraft and the Applicability of Military Flying Qualities Standards.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4415. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4415
- Binion, T. W., Jr. 1970a. Description and Calibration of the AEDC Low Speed Wind Tunnel (V/STOL). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0877999
- Binion, T. W., Jr. 1970b. Investigation of the Recirculation Region of a Flow Field Caused by a Jet in Ground Effect with Crossflow. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0711665
- Binion, T. W., Jr. 1971. An Investigation of Several Slotted Wind Tunnel Wall Configurations with a High Disc Loading V/STOL Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0723294
- Binion, T. W., Jr. 1975. An Experimental Study of Several Wind Tunnel Wall Configurations Using Two V/STOL Model Configurations. NASA-CR-145562. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760004998
- Binkley, V. 1986. “Hybrid Heavy Lift VTOL Aircraft and Their Potential Use in Forest Harvest.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2701. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2701
- Binz, F., T. Islam, and D. Moormann. 2019. “Attitude Control of Tiltwing Aircraft Using a Wing-Fixed Coordinate System and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11: 1756829319861370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829319861370
- Binz, F., and D. Moormann. 2020. “Actuator Modelling for Attitude Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 12: 1756829320961925. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829320961925
- Birckelbaw, Lourdes G., and Lloyd D. Corliss. 1992a. “Phase II Simulation Evaluation of the Flying Qualities of Two Tilt-Wing Flap Control Concepts.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930030638
- Birckelbaw, Lourdes G., and Lloyd D. Corliss. 1992b. “Piloted Simulation Study of Two Tilt-Wing Control Concepts.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930029341
- Birckelbaw, Lourdes G., and Lloyd D. Corliss. 1994. “Piloted Simulation Study of Two Tilt-Wing Control Concepts.” In 1993 Technical Paper Contest for Women. Gear Up 2000: Women in Motion. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940031455
- Birckelbaw, Lourdes G., Lloyd D. Corliss, William S. Hindson, and Gary B. Churchill. 1994. Piloted Simulation Study of Two Tilt-Wing Flap Control Concepts, Phase 2. NASA-TM-108817. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940029492
- Birckelbaw, Lourdes G., Walter E. McNeil, and Douglas A. Wardwell. 1995. Aerodynamics Model for a Generic ASTOVL Lift-Fan Aircraft. NASA-TM-110347. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950019882
- Birckelbaw, Larry, and Edward Nelson. 1992. “Infrared Flow Visualization of V/STOL Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4253. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4253
- Bird, Billy J. 1970. A Stability and Control Prediction Method for Helicopters and Stoppable Rotor Aircraft. Volume 4: Appendices. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0706919
- Bischoff, David E., Michael P. Fallon, and David D. Kyser. 2003. “ADS-33E Maximum Takeoff Gross Weight Handling Qualities of the H-60 Helicopter.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-3111
- Bischoff, D. E., and R. E. Palmer. 1983. Development of Lateral-Directional Equivalent System Models for Selected U.S. Navy Tactical Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada327418
- Bitondo, D., E. L. Knuth, and C. P. Hedges. 1954. Development of the Multi-Jet Engine. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0046323
- Bittrick, W. C. 1980. Study for Conceptual Design of VEO, VTOL Exhaust Nozzle. NASA-CR-152388. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800024889
- Bivens, C. 1985. “Handling-Qualities Investigation of Conventional Helicopter Directional Control Characteristics.” In 7th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-1947. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1947
- Black, Thomas. 2009. “Thirty Years as a Customer of Design for Good Flying Qualities.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-6324. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6324
- Black, G. Thomas, and David J. Moorhouse. 1979. Flying Qualities Design Requirements for Sidestick Controllers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada085085
- Blackwell, R. 1970. “A Certificated Stick Force Augmentation System for Light STOL Aircraft.” In 2nd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-909. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-909
- Blake, William, and James Laughrey. 1987. “F-15 SMTD Hot Gas Ingestion Wind Tunnel Test Results.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1922
- Blanchard, W. S., Jr. 1981. A Flight Investigation of the Ultra-Deep-Stall Descent and Spin Recovery Characteristics of a 1/6 Scale Radiocontrolled Model of the Piper PA38 Tomahawk. NASA-CR-156871. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810012555
- Bland, M. P., B. Fajfar, and R. K. Konsewicz. 1976. Mathematical Model for Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Aircraft Simulator Programming Data. NASA-CR-151916. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770007094
- Blanken, Chris L., and Heinz-Ju¨rgen Pausder. 1994. “Investigation of the Effects of Bandwidth and Time Delay on Helicopter Roll-Axis Handling Qualities.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 39 (3): 24–33. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.39.3.24
- Blanken, Christopher L., and Matthew S. Whalley. 1993. Piloting Vertical Flight Aircraft: A Conference on Flying Qualities and Human Factors. NASA-CP-3220. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940008821
- Blaser, D. 1969. “Boundary Layer Discontinuity on a Helicopter Rotor Blade in Hovering.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-197
- Blaurock, J., and G. Lammers. 1988. “The Influence of Propeller Skew on the Velocity Field and Tip Vortex Shape in the Slipstream of Propellers.” In SNAME Propellers ‘88 Symposium. SNAME. https://doi.org/10.5957/pss-1988-14
- Bloomfield, Warren. 1959. “The Application of Modern Shaft Turbines to VTOL Aircraft, Based on Experience with Three Different VTOL Machines.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 15 - Washington, D.C. 1959. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f15-013
- Bobbitt, Percy, and Richard Margason. 2007. “Analysis of Take-Off and Landing of Powered-Lift Aircraft.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1256. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1256
- Bode, W. E., R. L. Berger, G. A. Elmore, and T. R. Lacey. 1978. Conceptual Design Study of a Harrier V/STOL Research Aircraft. NASA-CR-152086. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011151
- Bodson, Marc. 2000. Constrained Control Allocation Methods for Reconfigurable Flight Control Laws. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada381657
- Bodson, M., and M. Athans. 1985. “Multivariable Control of VTOL Aircraft for Shipboard Landing.” In 7th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-1928. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1928
- Boehler, Gabriel D. 1959. Aerodynamic Theory of the Annular Jet. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada284688
- “The Boeing Canard Rotor/wing Aircraft Begins Flight Testing.” 2004. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 76 (2). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2004.12776bab.005
- Boeing Co Morton Pa Vertol Div. 1956. Comparative Study of Various Types of VTOL Transport Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0141370
- Boeing Vertol Co Philadelphia Pa. 1983. Helicopter Flying Qualities Characteristics-CH-46E. Volume 4. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada134323
- Boelens, Okko Joost. 2009. “CFD Analysis of the Flow around the X-31 Aircraft at High Angle of Attack.” In 27th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-3628. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3628
- Bogner, Skylar, Pranav Karthikeyan, Radha Ganesh, Krish Saini, Louisa Regulla-Wilkens, and Elliana Zhao. 2025. The Integration of eVTOL Aircraft and Infrastructure into San Jose Mineta International Airport. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://doi.org/10.64631/nnfm3623
- Bohari, Baizura, Quentin Borlon, Murat Bronz, and Emmanuel Benard. 2019. “Aerodynamic Model of Propeller–wing Interaction for Distributed Propeller Aircraft Concept.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 234 (10): 1688–1705. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410019857300
- Bolanovich, Mirko, and Marvin D. Marks. 1959. “Experimental Downwash Velocity, Static Pressure, and Temperature Distributions in Ground Effect for a 75-Foot Jet Driven Rotor.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 4 (2): 22–36. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.4.2.22
- Boles, M. A., K. Ramesh, and D. P. Hwang. 1984. Analytical Study of Suction Boundary Layer Control for Subsonic V/STOL Inlets. AIAA PAPER 84-1399. North Carolina State Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840061400
- Boling, Jeremy S., and Gecheng Zha. 2021. “Numerical Investigation of Longitudinal Static Stability of a High-Speed Tandem-Wing VTOL Vehicle Using CoFlow Jet Airfoil.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1732. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1732
- Boling, Jeremy S., Gecheng Zha, and Cale Zeune. 2020. “A High-Speed, High-Efficiency VTOL Concept Using CoFlow Jet Airfoil.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2792
- Bolitho, Michael, and Jamey Jacob. 2008. “Thrust Vectoring Flow Control Using Plasma Synthetic Jet Actuators.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-1368. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-1368
- Bölk, Sören, Reynard de Vries, Nando v. Arnhem, and Leo L. Veldhuis. 2021. “Numerical Investigation of Propeller–Flap Interaction in Inclined over-the-Wing Distributed-Propulsion Systems.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0603. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0603
- Bondi, M. J., and G. G. Robinson. 1971. An Algorithm for Digital Resolution of Range for V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-6232. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009091
- Bondyra, Adam, Przemysław Ga̧sior, Stanisław Gardecki, and Andrzej Kasiński. 2018. “Development of the Sensory Network for the Vibration-Based Fault Detection and Isolation in the Multirotor UAV Propulsion System.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006846801120119
- Bonyan Khamseh, Hossein. 2021. “Estimation and Control of a Manipulating Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14637360.v1
- Boothe, Edward M., Robert T. N. Chen, and Charles R. Chalk. 1974. A Two-Phase Investigation of Longitudinal Flying Qualities for Fighters. Phase I: The Effect of Evaluation Technique and Flight Phase on Flying Qualities Assessment. Phase II: An Example of Criteria Development, Control System Design and Flight Test Evaluation of Four Control Systems Using Eta-z, Alpha, and q Feedback. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0782218
- Borchers, Paul F., Ernesto Moralez III, Vernon K. Merrick, and Michael W. Stortz. 1994. YAV-8B Reaction Control System Bleed and Control Power Usage in Hover and Transition. NASA-TM-104021. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940030488
- Borisov, V. E., T. V. Konstantinovskaya, and A. E. Lutskii. 2025. “The Effect of the Delta Wing Vortex System on the Flow around Lifting Surfaces.” Fluid Dynamics 60 (3): 62. https://doi.org/10.1134/s001546282560018x
- Borshchova, Iryna, and Siu O’Young. 2017a. “Marker-Guided Auto-Landing on a Moving Platform.” International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 5 (1): 28–42. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijius-10-2016-0008
- Borshchova, Iryna, and Siu O’Young. 2017b. “Visual Servoing for Autonomous Landing of a Multi-Rotor UAS on a Moving Platform.” Journal of Unmanned Vehicle Systems 5 (1): 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1139/juvs-2015-0044
- Borst, H. V. 1965. “Development and Flight Test Results of the Tri-Service X-19 V/STOL Aircraft.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/650264
- Borst, Henry V. 1978. Aerodynamic Design and Analysis of Propellers for Mini-Remotely Piloted Air Vehicles. Volume 1 Open Propellers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada050593
- Borst, Henry V., and Joseph M. Mergen. 1961. “Mass Transportation by High-Speed VTOL.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610184
- Boschma, James H. 1998. Cycloidal Propulsion for UAV VTOL Applications. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada370541
- Botelho, Leonardo Cardoso. n.d. “Attitude Stabilization and Altitude Control of a Twin-Engine Tiltrotor Aerial with Inhomogeneous Propulsion.” PhD diss., Universidade de Brasília. https://doi.org/10.26512/2025.01.d.51754
- Bouchard, Etienne Demers, David Rancourt, and Dimitri N. Mavris. 2015. “Design Space Exploration of an Electric-Powered Reconfigurable Rotor VTOL Concept.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10504
- Boumrar, Iddir, and A. Ouibrahim. 2011. “Delta Wing-Fuselage Interactions: Experimental Study.” Advanced materials research 274: 43–52. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.274.43
- Bouquet, Thijs, and Roelof Vos. 2017. “Modeling the Propeller Slipstream Effect on Lift and Pitching Moment.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-0236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0236
- Bousquet, J. 1986. “Theoretical and Experimental Analysis of Highspeed Propeller Aerodynamics.” In 22nd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1986-1549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1549
- Bousquet, J.-M., and P. Gardarein. 2000. “Recent Improvements in Propeller Aerodynamic Computations.” In 18th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2000-4124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4124
- Bovais, C., M. Haupt, and P. Toot. 1992. “Flight Testing with Sub-Scale Remotely Piloted Drop Models.” In 6th AIAA Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1992-4079. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4079
- Bowen, Luke, Malcolm Foster, Furqan, and Chaitanya C. Paruchuri. 2025. “Aerodynamic Design and Experimental Validation of a 1/10th Scale Notional Proprotor for a 30-Seat Tilt-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3137
- Bower, W. W. 1978. “Viscous Flow Simulations in VTOL Aerodynamics.” In NASA. Ames Res. Center Future Computer Requirements for Computational Aerodynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011848
- Bowes, W. C., and R. V. Miller. 1976. Inertially Derived Flying Qualities and Performance Parameters. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada026963
- Bowman, Alec, Geoffrey Barnes, and Shahriar Keshmiri. 2012. “An Empirical Method for Estimating Moments of Inertia of Light Unmanned Air Vehicles.” In Infotech@Aerospace 2012. AIAA 2012-2598. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2598
- Bowman, James S., Jr. 1955a. Emergency Spin-Recovery Device for the 1/18-Scale Model of the Ryan X-13 Airplane as Determined from Tests in the Langley 20-Foot Free-Spinning Tunnel. NACA-RM-SL55A25. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029375
- Bowman, James S., Jr. 1955b. Free-Spinning and Recovery Characteristics of a 1/18-Scale Model of the Ryan X-13 Airplane as Determined from Tests in the Langley 20-Foot Free-Spinning Tunnel. NACA-RM-SL55H08. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050030035
- Bowman, James S., Jr. 1957. Concluding Report of Free-Spinning, Tumbling, and Recovery Characteristics of a 1/18-Scale Model of the Ryan X-13 Airplane, Coord. No. AF-199. NACA-RM-SL57D11. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028487
- Bowman, J., Jr. 1970. “Recent Experience with Wind-Tunnel and Analytical Techniques for Prediction of Spin Characteristics of Fighter Aircraft.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-565. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-565
- Bowman, James S., Jr., and Frederick M. Healy. 1959a. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/20-Scale Model of the North American T2J-1 Airplane. NASA-TM-SX-245. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227178
- Bowman, James S., Jr., and Frederick M. Healy. 1959b. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/40-Scale Model of the McConnell F-101A Airplane. NASA-MEMO-3-14-59L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228366
- Bowman, J., Jr., H. Stough, S. Burk Jr., and J. Patton Jr. 1978. “Correlation of Model and Airplane Spin Characteristics for a Low-Wing General Aviation Research Airplane.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1978-1477. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1477
- Boyd, Douglas, and Sanford Fleeter. 2002. “Rotor Blade Unsteady Aerodynamics at High Loading Including Dynamic Stall.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-3637. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3637
- Brabston, William N. 1967. Evaluation of Three-Piece AM2 Aluminum Landing Mat. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0737767
- Bradfield, G. 1981. “Design Features of a Sea-Based Multipurpose V/STOL, STOVL, and STOL Aircraft in a Support Role for the U.S. Navy.” In AIAA and NASA Ames VSTOL Conference. AIAA 1981-2650. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2650
- Bradley, R., and G. Brindley. 2003. “Progress in the Development of a Versatile Pilot Model for the Evaluation of Rotorcraft Performance, Control Strategy and Pilot Workload.” Aeronautical Journal 107 (1078): 731–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013488
- Brady, Michael E., and Srikanth Gururajan. 2025. “Analysis and Simulation of a Vertical Take off and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0454. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0454
- Brady, Michael E., and Srikanth Gururajan. 2026. “Hardware in the Loop Simulation of Fault Tolerance Solutions of a Morphing Vertical Take off and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1289
- Braman, K., W. Schweikhard, and T. Yechout. 1983. “Thrust Modeling: A Simplified in-Flight Thrust and Airflow Prediction Technique for Flight Test Performance Measurements.” In 2nd Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1983-2751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2751
- Branco, Luís M., Francisco S. Neves, and Andry M. Pinto. 2025. “A Comparative Analysis of Reinforcement Learning Methods for UAV Autonomous Landing.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-7868510/v1
- Brand, A. G., N. M. Komerath, and H. M. McMahon. 1986. Wind Tunnel Data from a Rotor Wake/Airframe Interaction Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada171333
- Brand, Albert G., Narayanan M. Komerath, and Howard M. McMahon. 1990. “Correlations of Rotor/wake-Airframe Interaction Measurements with Flow Visualization Data.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f46-2038
- Brandt, Patrick J., and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2023. “Computational Analysis of Swept Wing Dynamic Response to Step Increases in Angle of Attack.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4002. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4002
- Brandt, Steven, Thomas E. McLaughlin, David R. Williams, Jason Holmes, and Brock Crawford. 2019. “NATO AVT-239 Task Group: Flight Test of Compressed and Bleed-Air Driven Control Effectors on the ICE/SACCON UAS Subscale Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0283
- Brase, L. 1988. “Near Field Exhaust Environment Measurements of a Full Scale Afterburning Jet Engine with Two-Dimensional Nozzle.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-182. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-182
- Bray, Derek. 1995. “Tactical Tilt-Rotor Transport Aircraft Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f51-2034
- Brelje, Benjamin J., and Joaquim R. Martins. 2018. “Development of a Conceptual Design Model for Aircraft Electric Propulsion with Efficient Gradients.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-4979. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4979
- Breneman, Kevin, and Mark Lower. 1992. “Flying Qualities of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In 6th AIAA Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1992-4083. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4083
- Bretoi, R. N. 1968. “The NASA-ERC V/STOL Avionics Systems Technology Program.” In NATIONAL AEROSPACE ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680054281
- Breul, Harry T. 1963. A Simulator Study of Tilt-Wing Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0402774
- Breul, H., T. Keller, and R. Weston. 1985. “Modeling Vehicle Dynamics for Flying Qualities Studies.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-3062. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-3062
- Briardy, Frank J., and Robert E. Head. 1968. Rotor/wing Series VI Wind Tunnel Test 7-FOOT Diameter Model in the NASA LRC 30-BY-60-FOOT Wind Tunnel. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0673964
- Bridgelall, Raj, Taraneh Askarzadeh, and Denver Tolliver. 2022. “Introducing an Efficiency Index to Evaluate Evtol Designs.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4074694
- Bright, George L. 1966. “VJ — 101C Supersonsic VTOL Program.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f22-024
- Bris, Gaël, and Loup-Giang Nguyen. 2022. “Safety Considerations on the Operation of Electric Vertical and Takeoff Landing (VTOL) Aircraft at Airports and Vertiports.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17610
- Brogan, E., G. Casey, B. Engel, et al. 1961. Vertodyne Fan-in-Wing VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0265569
- Bronz, Murat, and Gautier Hattenberger. 2016. “Aerodynamic Characterization of an off-the-Shelf Aircraft via Flight Test and Numerical Simulation.” In AIAA Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2016-3979. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3979
- Brown, E. 1965. “A Survey of Low-Disc-Loading VTOL Aircraft Designs.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-756. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-756
- Brown, H. 1981. “V/STOL Propulsion Control Technology.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033374
- Brown, David. 1989. “Supersonic STOVL Conceptual Design of a Fighter/attack Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2112. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2112
- Brown, Aaron, David Akagi, Ian Reid, Jacob Moore, Brandon Sutherland, and Tim W. McLain. 2025. “Infrared-Constellation-Aided Landing of eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1538. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1538
- Brown, E., and J. Fischer. 1967. “Comparative Projections of Helicopters, Compound Helicopters and Tilting-Proprotor Low- Disc-Loading VTOL Aircraft for Civil Applications.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-939. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-939
- Brown, Bryan, Wei Wei, Rodger Ozburn, Manish Kumar, and Kelly Cohen. 2015. “Surveillance for Intelligent Emergency Response Robotic Aircraft (SIERRA)- VTOL Aircraft for Emergency Response.” In AIAA Infotech @ Aerospace. AIAA 2015-0363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0363
- Brown, Richard E., and Glen R. Whitehouse. 2003. “Helicopter Rotor Response to Wake Encounters in Ground Effect.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000050
- Brown, J., Jr. 1970. “The Gust-Alleviation Characteristics and Handling Qualities of a Free-Wing Aircraft.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1970-947. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-947
- Brown, J. H., Jr., H. K. Edenborough, and D. D. Few. 1977. “XV-15 Tilt Rotor Test: Progress Report.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780039895
- Brown, J. H., Jr., H. K. Edenborough, and K. G. Wernicke. 1978. “Evaluation of the Tilt Rotor Concept: The XV-15’s Role.” In AGARD Rotorcraft Design. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011199
- Bruel, H., G. Gardner, J. Ohagan, and R. Weston. 1967. Hands-Free, Precision Control for Small Hovering Vehicles: A Flying Qualities Study Final Report. NASA-CR-73104. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022077
- Brun, C. Le, E. Godoy, D. Beauvois, G. Le Pache, and R. Noguera. 2014. “Modeling and Analysis of a Turbojet Fuel System.” International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering 6 (3): 260–66. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijcte.2014.v6.872
- Brun, Klaus, Marybeth Nored, and Rainer Kurz. 2011. “Particle Transport Analysis of Sand Ingestion in Gas Turbine Engines.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 134 (1): 012402. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4004187
- Brutch, Stephen, and Hever Moncayo. 2024. “Machine Learning Approach to Estimation of Human-Pilot Model Parameters.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1200
- Bryant, Robert L. 1948. Longitudinal Trim and Tumble Characteristics of a 0.057-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF7U-1 Airplane, TED NO. NACA DE311. NACA-RM-SL8F14. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028902
- Bryson, A., Jr., W. Hoffman, and J. Zvara. 1970. “An Automatic Guidance Concept for VTOL Aircraft.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1970-1035. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1035
- Bryson, A. E., Jr., and R. K. Mehra. 1967. Conjugate Gradient Methods with an Application to V/STOL Flight-Path Optimization. NASA-CR-91880. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680007007
- Bryson, A. E., Jr., and R. K. Mehra. 1969. Conjugate Gradient Methods with an Application to V/STOL Flight-Path Optimization. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690048774
- Bucherelli, G., L. Das, D. Granata, and A. Zanotti. 2025. “Mid-Fidelity Numerical Investigation of the Interactional Aerodynamic Mechanisms in an Electrical Vertical Take-off and Landing Quad-Rotor Aircraft.” Physics of Fluids 37 (6): 067138. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0271671
- Buchholz, Mark D. 1992. “Lift Augmentation on a Delta Wing via Leading Edge Fences and the Gurney Flap.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940019630
- Buchholz, Mark. 2002. “Highlights of the JSF X-35 STOVL Jet Effects Test Effort.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5962. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5962
- Buchholz, Mark, and Jin Tso. 1992. “Vortex Trapping on a 60 Degree Delta Wing.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2639. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2639
- Buckland, George H. 1980. “Flight Simulator Runway Visual Textural Cues for Landing.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 24 (1): 286–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/107118138002400177
- Budd, Gerald, Ronald Gilman, and David Eichstedt. 1993. “Operational and Research Aspects of a Radio-Controlled Model Flight Test Program.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-625. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-625
- Budihartono, Michael, Edison Martinez, Hever Moncayo, Francisco Bustamante, and John Clardy. 2026. “Flight-Envelope Informed Control Barrier Function Constraints for Safety-Critical Pilot-in-the-Loop NASA GUAM VTOL.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4564. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4564
- Buffington, James M. 1997. Tailless Aircraft Control Allocation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada327799
- Buffington, James. 1999a. Modular Control Design for the Innovative Control Effectors (ICE) Tailless Fighter Aircraft Configuration 101-3. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada375713
- Buffington, James F. 1999b. Modular Control Law Design for the Innovative Control Effectors (ICE) Tailless Fighter Aircraft Configuration 101-3. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada374954
- Buffington, James, Andrew Sparks, and David Leggett. 1998. “Synthesis and Analysis of Dynamic Inversion and LPV Tailless Flight Control Law Designs.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4248
- Buffum, Robert Stratton, R. Huff, and G. L. Keyser. 1974. “U. S. Navy VTOL Automatic Landing System Development Program.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f30-014
- Buffum, R., and W. Robertson. 1966. “A Hover Augmentation System for Helicopters.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1966-1865. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1865
- Buley, George L. 1970. Federal Design Criteria for VTOL Ports and STOL Ports. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-2748
- Bullock, John L., Sheng Cheng, Andrew Patterson, Michael Acheson, Naira Hovakimyan, and Irene Gregory. n.d. “Reference Command Optimization for the Transition Flight Mode of a Lift Plus Cruise Vehicle.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230016682
- Bunge, Roberto, Felipe Munera Savino, and Ilan Kroo. 2015. “Stall/Spin Flight Test Techniques with COTS Model Aircraft and Flight Data Systems.” In AIAA Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2015-3225. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3225
- Burcham, F., Jr., and John Burken. 1994. “Flight Testing a Propulsion-Controlled Aircraft Emergency Flight Control System on an F-15 Airplane.” In Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1994-2123. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2123
- Burcham, Frank, Jr., and Drew Pappas. 1996. “Development and Flight Test of an Augmented Thrust-Only Flight Control System on an MD-11 Transport Airplane.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1996-3742. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3742
- Burgan, Elmer T., and Fletcher C. Paddison. 1974. Surface Effect Takeoff and Landing System (SETOLS). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada000101
- Burgers, J. M. 1995. “Hydrodynamics. — On the Application of Oseen’s Hydrodynamical Equations to the Problem of the Slipstream from an Ideal Propeller.” In Selected Papers of J. M. Burgers. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0195-0_4
- Burk, S. M., Jr. 1972. Summary of Design Considerations for Airplane Spin-Recovery Parachute Systems. NASA-TN-D-6866. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720019383
- Burk, S. M., Jr., and C. F. Wilson Jr. 1975. “Radio-Controlled Model Design and Testing Techniques for Stall/spin Evaluation of General-Aviation Aircraft.” In 1975 SAE Natl. Business Aircraft Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790022002
- Burke, M., and E. Ferris. 1981. “Application of a Microprocessor Controlled Cockpit Display for Enhanced Pilot Control of Flight Test Maneuvers.” In 1st Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1981-2510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2510
- Burks, John S. 1989. “Helicopters and VTOL. I.” Exxon Air World 41 (1, 19). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890049528
- Burley, R. R. 1984. Experimental Investigation of Tangential Blowing Applied to a Subsonic V/STOL Inlet. NASA-TP-2297. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840012425
- Burley, R. R., and D. P. Hwang. 1982. Experimental and Analytical Results of Tangential Blowing Applied to a Subsonic V/STOL Inlet. NASA-TM-82847. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820016289
- Burman, Abhishek, S. Mohan, and M. Ramakrishna. 2008. “Improvement of High Alpha Aerodynamics for Compound Delta Wing Aircraft Using Leading Edge Vortex Controller.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-336. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-336
- Burnell, Dennis G., Terry B. Morrison, and Albert H. White. 1973. Turbine Engine Fuel Control Reliability and Maintainability Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0771030
- Burnes, R., T. Carpenter, and J. Gerhardt. 2001. “Internal Pressure Distribution of a 20 Degree Thrust Vectored Axisymmetric Nozzle.” In 37th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-3887. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-3887
- Burns, C. D., and W. R. Barker. 1966. Evaluation of Harvey Two-Piece Landing Mat (AM2). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0738348
- Burns, Cecil D., and William N. Brabston. 1969a. Landing Mat Overlay on Deteriorated Pavement; Bare Base Support. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0690801
- Burns, C. D., and W. N. Brabston. 1969b. Landing Mat Overlays on Deteriorated Landing Mat or Pavements. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0739566
- Bursey, R., and R. Dickinson. 1990. “Flight Test Results of the F-15 SMTD Thrust Vectoring/thrust Reversing Exhaust Nozzle.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-1906. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1906
- Burstadt, P. L., and A. L. Johns. 1983. “Experimental Results of a Deflected Thrust V/STOL Nozzle Research Program.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830017386
- Burton, R., and D. Bischoff. 1976. “More Effective Aircraft Stability and Control Flight Testing Throughuse of System Identification Technology.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1976-894. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-894
- Burton, Samantha, Tianyi He, and Weihua Su. 2026. “Trajectory Planning of Longitudinal Transition Flight and Quasi-Linear Parameter-Varying-Model Predictive Control Tracking Control for Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 148 (4): 041002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4070771
- Busan, Ronald C., Patrick C. Murphy, David B. Hatke, and Benjamin M. Simmons. 2021. “Wind Tunnel Testing Techniques for a Tandem Tilt-Wing, Distributed Electric Propulsion VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1189. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1189
- Butler, L., K. P. Huang, and L. Goland. 1966. An Investigation of Propeller Slipstream Effects on V/STOL Aircraft Performance and Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0629637
- Butler, J. E., and G. F. Thomas. 1964. Rapid Site Preparation for Turbojet VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0613342
- Bykov, V. A., and A. E. Parnenkov. 2020. “Formation of Appearance of Helicopter-Type Unmanned Airvehicle with Consideration of Landing on Complex-Moving Platform.” Issues of radio electronics, no. 3: 16–22. https://doi.org/10.21778/2218-5453-2020-3-16-22
- Błachut, Krzysztof, Hubert Szolc, Mateusz Wąsala, Tomasz Kryjak, and M. Gorgoń. 2020. “Vision Based Hardware-Software Real-Time Control System for Autonomous Landing of an UAV.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.12189204
- Cabarbaye, Aurélien. n.d. “Design, Model and Control of a New Type of VTOL Aircraft.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/142832fez8c1cz4237z83b9z89d813801148
- Cabrita, P. M., A. J. Saddington, and K. Knowles. 2005. “PIV Measurements in a Twin-Jet STOVL Fountain Flow.” Aeronautical Journal 109 (1100): 439–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000853
- Cacciavillani, Edoardo, and Francesco Ielmini. 2019. “Numerical Study and Optimization of a Novel Architecture of Vertiport and Vertistop for Urban Air Mobility.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14655
- Cai, Jiaze, Hunter Denton, and Moble Benedict. 2023. “Development of an Air-Launched Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-17962
- Cai, Jiaze, Hunter Denton, Moble Benedict, and Hao Kang. 2024a. “Development of a Tube-Launched Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 16: 17568293241254045. https://doi.org/10.1177/17568293241254045
- Cai, Jielong, Caiden Guzman, Emma Schutter, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. 2024b. “On the Linear Superposition of Wing and Propeller Performance in a Wing Embedded Propeller System.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1511. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1511
- Cai, Junfeng, and Marco Lovera. 2026b. “Modeling and Robust Control of Dual-System UAV Transition Flight under Aerodynamic Uncertainty.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6509820
- Cai, Guangbin, Hui Zheng, Yongchao Wang, and Shiyuan Zhang. 2026b. “Incremental Model Predictive Attitude Control for Morphing Aircraft: A Weak Model-Dependent Control Method.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 39 (2): 04025137. https://doi.org/10.1061/jaeeez.aseng-6043
- Cai, Changpeng, Qiangang Zheng, Yong Wang, Haibo Zhang, and Fengyong Sun. 2022. “Research on Optimal Control Method for Turbofan Engine Acceleration Process with Variable Air Bleed Considering High Pressure Turbine Guide Vane Life.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 24 (2): 475–87. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-022-00548-2
- Cakin, Ugur, Zafer Kaçan, Zeynel Abidin Aydogan, and Ipek Kuvvetli. 2020. “Initial Sizing of Hybrid Electric VTOL Aircraft for Intercity Urban Air Mobility.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3173. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3173
- Cakiroglu, Can, Erik-Jan Van Kampen, and Q. Ping Chu. 2018. “Robust Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control Using Angular Accelerometer Feedback.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1128
- Caldwell, D., and S. Lafavor. 1980. “V/STOL Fighter-Attack Aircraft in Naval Operations.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1810. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1810
- Calise, A. J., I. Kadushin, and F. Kramer. 1981. Application of Variable Structure System Theory to Aircraft Flight Control. NASA-CR-164321. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810014560
- Calvano, Charles N., and Robert C. Harney. 1998. A Short Take-Off/Vertical Landing (STOVL) Aircraft Carrier (S-CVX). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada345638
- Camacho, P. 1991. “VTOL/SP: A Vertical Takeoff and Landing Vehicle Synthesis Program.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3098. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3098
- Camerano, Philip, John K. Diamond, and Herbert H. Moser. 1963. “Flight Test Experiences in Obtaining the First Commercial Certification of a Helicopter for True Vertical Take-off and Landing Capability.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f19-023
- Campbell, John P. 1959. “Research on VTOL and STOL Aircraft in the United States.” In Advances in Aeronautical Sciences. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9833-0.50014-1
- Campbell, J. P. 1963. Status of V/STOL Research and Development in the United States. AIAA PAPER 63-482. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630027849
- Campbell, John P. 1964. Status of V/stol Research and Development in the United States. NASA-RP-286. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640018315
- Campbell, J. P. 1965. Operating Problems Peculiar to V/stol and Stol Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021528
- Campbell, J. P. 1967. V/STOL Session Introductory and Review Paper. NASA-TM-X-59740. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680016407
- Campbell, J. P. 1968. V/STOL Session Introductory and Review Paper. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690037574
- Campbell, John P. 1979. “Development of V/STOL Aircraft 1950 to 1970.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 24 (S1): 7. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.24.7
- Campbell, A., and M. Abramovitz. 1975. “Lateral-Directional Stability Augmentation Methods for the STOL Flight Regime.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1975-1028. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1028
- Campos, Jonatan Mota, Daniel Cardoso, and Guilherme Vianna Raffo. 2021. “Modeling and Robust Control for Full-Flight Envelope Trajectory Tracking of a QuadCP-VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16860
- Cantelli, L., D. C. Guastella, C. D. Melita, et al. 2017. “Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Vehicle for the Mbzirc.” In Human-Centric Robotics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813231047_0026
- Cao, Rui, and Yanbin Liu. 2024. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control with Unknown Control Effectiveness and Actuator Dynamic.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5041229
- Cao, Ning, and Alan Lynch. 2021. “Time-Delay Robustness Analysis of a Nested Saturation Control for UAV Motion Control.” In Control Strategy for Time-Delay Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-32-385347-7.00008-0
- Cao, Yihua, and Qi Qi. 2018. “Trims, Controllability, and Flying Qualities of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Slung-Load System.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 31 (2): 06017006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0000803
- Cao, Xiaoying, Gilles Roy, Simon Roy, and Evan Trickey. 2012. “Assessment of Helicopter Brownout with a Scanning Lidar.” In Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012. OSA. https://doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2012.atu2g.5
- Cao, Yu, Wei Tang, TianJiao Luan, and Na Yao. 2022b. “The Aerodynamics and Hover Control for the X-Wing VTOL MAV.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9492-9_117
- Cao, Yu Yan, Xin Min Wang, and Cheng Peng. 2014. “Self-Scheduled and Robust Control for Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 721: 210–13. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.721.210
- Cao, Qianqian, Shizhen Wu, Yongchun Fang, and Xiao Liang. 2025. “Velocity Observer-Based Safety-Critical Vision Landing of a Quadrotor on a Ground Vehicle.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2268-9_31
- Capello, Elisa, Andrea Ferrero, Roberto Marsilio, and Michele Ferlauto. 2019. “CFD-Based Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Model for Fighter Aircraft.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4311. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4311
- Capen, E. 1971. “4-D Guidance of STOL Aircraft.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-770. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-770
- Capone, F. 1974. “Supercirculation Effects Induced by Vectoring a Partial-Span Rectangular Jet.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-971. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-971
- Capone, F. J. 1975. The Effects on Propulsion-Induced Aerodynamic Forces of Vectoring a Partial-Span Rectangular Jet at Mach Numbers from 0.40 to 1.20. NASA-TN-D-8039. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760010956
- Capone, F. J. 1976. Effects of Nozzle Exit Location and Shape Propulsion-Induced Aerodynamic Characteristics Due to Vectoring Twin Nozzles at Mach Numbers from 0.40 to 1.2. NASA-TM-X-3313. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760010982
- Capone, Francis, and Mary Mason. 1986. “Multiaxis Aircraft Control Power from Thrust Vectoring at High Angles of Attack.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1779. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1779
- Capone, Francis J., D. Bruce Owens, and Robert M. Hall. 2007. Free-to-Roll Testing of Airplane Models in Wind Tunnels. LAR-17153-1. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20100011216
- Cappetta, Anthony. 1993. “Flying Qualities Guidelines Applicable to Early Design Studies for Modern Tactical V/STOL Aircraft in Hover and Low Speed Conditions.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4882. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4882
- Cappetta, A. N., and Jason Johns. 1990. “An Evaluation of the Proposed Specification for Handling Qualities of Military Rotorcraft, MIL-H-8501B, Utilizing Predicted and Actual SH-60B Handling Qualities.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f46-2021
- Caprace, Denis-Gabriel, Ethan Baker, Patricia Ventura Diaz, and Seokkwan Yoon. 2024. “Comparing Planetary Helicopter Brownout Observations with Numerical Predictions for Ingenuity.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4341. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4341
- Carafoli, Elie. 1969a. “Study of Ordinary Delta Wings.” In Wing Theory in Supersonic Flow. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-012330-1.50008-x
- Carafoli, Elie. 1969b. “Yawed Delta Wings. Delta Wings with General Variation of Incidence.” In Wing Theory in Supersonic Flow. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-012330-1.50009-1
- Caraux, Denys, and Jean-Claude Wanner. 1979. “Pilot Workload in the Aircraft of the Future.” Journal of Navigation 32 (2): 243–58. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300037942
- Cardenas, Andres M. 2022. “Control De Vuelo Estacionario De Un Vehículo Aéreo No Tripulado (Modelling and Robust Control of an Unmanned Air Vehicle during Hover Maneuver).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4212558
- Cardullo, Frank, and John Sinacori. 1988. “A Broader View of in Cockpit Motion and Force Cuing.” In Flight Simualtion Technologies Conference. AIAA 1988-4585. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4585
- Carico, Dean, and Singli Garcia-Otero. 1995. Tilt Rotor Aircraft Modeling Using a Generic Simulation Structure,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada305253
- Carine Viola Dsouza, Dr. Basawaraj, and VTU-Cpgs, Bangalore Region, Viat –Muddenahalli, Chikaballapura, India. 2015. “Numerical Simulation of 650 Delta Wing and 650/400 Double Delta Wing to Study the Behaviour of Primary Vortices on Aerodynamic Characteristics.” International Journal of Engineering Research and V4 (06). https://doi.org/10.17577/ijertv4is060764
- Carithers, Collin, Kenneth Tucker, Maxwell Cobar, and Carlos J. Montalvo. 2019. “Control Optimization of a Novel eVTOL/Pusher Transport Aircraft with Known Faults.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3269
- Carlin, G. J., Jr. Robert M. Hodges, and William E. Staedeli. 1986. “Analysis of V-22 Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Using Panel Methods.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f42-1026
- Carlisle, Cherianne. 1988. “V/STOL Aircraft and the Problem of Jet-Induced Suckdown.” In NASA Ames Summer High School Apprenticeship Research Program: 1986 Research Papers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890009009
- Carlson, Stephen. 2014. “A Hybrid Tricopter/Flying-Wing VTOL UAV.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0016. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0016
- Carmichael, B. H., and D. E. McNay. 1961. Hovering Static Stability and Performance Experiments on Three- Dimensional Annular Jet Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0282125
- Carmody, Kendall, Bhoomin B. Chauhan, Maureen Namukasa, Yarisse Adorno, and Meredith Bell Carroll. 2025. Novel Human Factors Challenges, Unexpected Events, and Safety Hazards Associated with Operation of Battery-Powered eVTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5337
- Carnes, Jared, and James G. Coder. 2019. “Computational Assessment of the HVAB Rotor in Hover Using Laminar-Turbulent Transition Modeling.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0288. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0288
- Carpenter, D. 1970. “Low Speed Handling Characteristics of the STOL Aircraft.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1332. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1332
- Carpenter, C., and J. Hodgkinson. 1981. “Equivalent System Analysis of Translation Rate Command Systems for Hover and Low Speed Flight.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1858. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1858
- Carpenter, D., and R. Jenny. 1964. “Statistical Approach to Low Speed Control Criteria for V/stol Aircraft.” In 1st Annual Meeting. AIAA 1964-286. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-286
- Carr, Gordon L. 1973. Evaluation of Goodyear Medium-Duty Aluminum Honeycomb Landing Mat. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0758444
- Carr, J. 1984. “Blended Blown Flaps and Vectored Thrust for Low-Speed Flight.” In 2nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1984-2199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2199
- Carter, Arthur W. 1969. Effects of Jet Exhaust Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Jet V/STOL Model. NASA-TN-D-5333. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690023832
- Case, William Scott. n.d. “Aerospike Thrust Vectoring Slot-Type Compound Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2010.86
- Castells, O., and R. Mishler. 1973. “Deck Heating Effects Due to VTOL Jet Exhaust Impingement.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1182. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1182
- Castles Jr., Gray Walter, and Robin B. 1960. An Investigation of an Approach to the Problem of Determining the Optimum Design of Shrouded Propellers. Appendix i. Vortex System. Appendix II. Calculation of Thrust and Power. Appendix III. Determination of the Optimum Loading for a Heavily Loaded Propeller Having an Infinite Number of Blades. Appendix IV. Outline of Design Procedures for Shrouded Propellers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0241458
- Catalano, F. M. 2004. “On the Effects of an Installed Propeller Slipstream on Wing Aerodynamic Characteristics.” Acta Polytechnica 44 (3). https://doi.org/10.14311/562
- Catalano, F., and J. Stollery. 1993. “The Effect of a High Thrust Pusher Propeller on the Flow over a Straight Wing.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3436. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3436
- Catapang, David R. 1993. “Robust Crossfeed Design for Hovering Rotorcraft.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930018052
- Cathey, J. 1979. “The Evaluation and Use of Flying Qualities Considerations in Conceptual Design.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-232. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-232
- Caton, J., and M. Franke. 1991. “Two-Dimensional Thrust Vector Control Nozzle.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2101
- Cavage, R. L. 1975. Conceptual Design Study of Improved 1985 Remote Lift-Fan V/STOL Commercial Transports. NASA-CR-2481. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750006674
- Cebeci, T., F. Roknaldin, and L. Carr. 1993. “Prediction of Stall and Post-Stall Behavior of Airfoils at Low and High Reynolds Numbers.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3502. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3502
- Cechinel, Alan Kunz, Juha Röning, Antti Tikanmäki, Edson Roberto De Pieri, and Patricia D. M. Plentz. 2023. “Hanging Drone: An Approach to UAV Landing for Monitoring.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0012154900003543
- Çelik, Serhat, Ünver Kaynak, and Murat Kadri Aktas. 2023. “Conceptual Design of Fixed Wing Electrical VTOL Air Transport Vehicle.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4066. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4066
- Celik, Zeli, and Leonard Roberts. 1994. “Vortical Flow Control on a Delta Wing by Lateral Blowing.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-509. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-509
- ÇEtİN, Berat Taha, Cansu AygÜN, Onur Toprak, and Sueda ÇElİK. 2024. “Design of a Multi-Purpose Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” ASREL. https://doi.org/10.56753/asrel.2024.2.3
- Cha, Shinkook, Juchan Lee, Chungho Park, Yujin Kim, Youngjae Lee, and Junghyun A. Kim. 2025. “Data-Driven Approach toward Vertiport Placement for Urban Air Mobility Operations: Case Studies in South Korea.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2784. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2784
- Chaderjian, Neal. 1992. “Navier-Stokes Prediction of Large-Amplitude Delta-Wing Roll Oscillations Characterizing Wing Rock.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4428. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4428
- Chaderjian, Neal M. 2017. “Navier-Stokes Simulation of UH-60A Rotor/Wake Interaction Using Adaptive Mesh Refinement.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12006
- Chaderjian, Neal M., Jasim U. Ahmad, Shishir A. Pandya, Scott A. Murman, and Dochan Kwak. 2002b. Progress toward Generation of a Navier-Stokes Database for a Harrier in Ground Effect. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20030002772
- Chaderjian, Neal M., Shishir Pandya, Jasim Ahmad, Scott Murman, and Dochan Kwak. 2002a. Parametric Time-Dependent Navier-Stokes Computations for a YAV-8B Harrier in Ground Effect. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020057967
- Chaderjian, Neal, and Lewis Schiff. 1993. “Navier-Stokes Prediction of a Delta Wing in Roll with Vortex Breakdown.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3495
- Chaderjian, Neal, and Lewis Schiff. 1994. “Navier-Stokes Prediction of Large-Amplitude Forced and Free-to-Roll Delta-Wing Oscillations.” In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1884. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1884
- Chadrjian, Neal, and Lewis Schiff. 1995. “Navier-Stokes Analysis of a Delta Wing in Static and Dynamic Roll.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1868. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1868
- Chae, Seokbong, Seungcheol Lee, and Jooha Kim. 2022. “Effects of Rotor–rotor Interaction on the Wake Characteristics of Twin Rotors in Axial Descent.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 952: A31. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2022.913
- Chahba, Saad. n.d. “Investigations on All-Electric Propulsion by Integrating Multiphase Electric Actuators and a Hybrid Energy Storage System for Multirotor Aerial Vehicle Applications.” PhD diss., université Paris-Saclay. https://doi.org/10.70675/bff576eaz7634z49d0z81c9za18ce88a6b11
- Chai, Sonny, and William Mason. 1996. “Landing Gear Integration in Aircraft Conceptual Design.” In 6th Symposium on Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization. AIAA 1996-4038. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-4038
- Chaimovich, M., A. Rosen, O. Rand, M. H. Mansur, and M. B. Tischler. 1992. “Investigation of the Flight Mechanics Simulation of a Hovering Helicopter.” In In: AHS, Annual Forum, 48th, Washington, June 3-5, 1992, Proceedings. Vol. 2 (A93-35901 14-01). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930051993
- Chakraborty, Imon, and Anthony M. Comer. 2024. “Optimizing Explicit Model-Following Trajectory Control Laws for a Vectored Thrust Configuration.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1277
- Chakraborty, Imon, Anthony M. Comer, Rajan Bhandari, et al. 2023. “Flight Simulation Based Assessment of Simplified Vehicle Operations for Urban Air Mobility.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0400. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0400
- Chakraborty, Imon, Bikash Kunwar, and Peter Schmidt. 2025. “A Maneuver Control System Enabling Simplified Vehicle Operations and Tactical Maneuvering for a Tilt-Wing Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0406
- Chakraborty, Imon, Cole McCormick, Bikash Kunwar, Rajan Bhandari, and Stefanus Harris Putra. 2026. “Flight Testing of the VT-03-s Shadow Multi-Tilt-Rotor Configuration with a Maneuver Control System Enabling Simplified Vehicle Operations and Tactical Maneuvering.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0229
- Chakraborty, Imon, and Aashutosh A. Mishra. 2022. “Sizing and Analysis of a Lift-Plus-Cruise VTOL Aircraft with Electrified Propulsion Systems.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3513. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3513
- Chalk, Charles R., and David L. Key. 1969. “Experiment Design and Data Acquisition for V/STOL Flying Qualities Simulations.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/690695
- Chalk, Charles R., T. P. Neal, T. M. Harris, Francis E. Pritchard, and Robert J. Woodcock. 1969. Background Information and User Guide for Mil-F-8785B (ASG), ‘Military Specification-Flying Qualities of Piloted Airplanes’. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0860856
- Chalk, Charles R., and George H. Saunders. 1969. “Development of a Flying Qualities Specification for Military V/STOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f25-035
- Chalk, C., and R. Wilson. 1968. “Airplane Flying Qualities Specification Revision.” In 2nd Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1968-245. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-245
- Chaloff, D., R. Hiyama, and C. Martindale. 1974. A Structural Weight Estimation Program (SWEEP) for Aircraft. Volume V: Air Induction System and Landing Gear Modules. Part 2: Landing Gear Module. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada002858
- Chambers, J. R. 1971. Stability and Control Characteristics of STOL and V/STOL Airplanes. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710015226
- Chambers, J. 1986. “High-Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamics: Lessons Learned.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1774. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1774
- Chambers, J. R., and S. B. Grafton. 1966. Static and Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Derivatives of a Powered 1/9-Scale Model of a Tilt-Wing V/STOL Transport. NASA-TN-D-3591. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660027742
- Chambers, J. R., and S. B. Grafton. 1968. Calculation of the Dynamic Longitudinal Stability of a Tilt-Wing V/STOL Aircraft and Correlation with Model Flight Tests. NASA-TN-D-4344. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680006472
- Chambers, J. R., and S. B. Grafton. 1970. Investigation of Lateral-Directional Dynamic Stability of a Tilt-Wing V/STOL Transport. NASA-TN-D-5637. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700008731
- Chambers, J. R., S. B. Grafton, and F. H. Lutze. 1981. “Curved-Flow, Rolling-Flow, and Oscillatory Pure-Yawing Wind-Tunnel Test Methods for Determination of Dynamic Stability Derivatives.” In AGARD. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810042529
- Chambers, J. R., and R. H. Kirby. 1966. Flight Investigation of Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a 0.18-Scale Model of a Fan-in-Wing VTOL Airplane. NASA-TN-D-3412. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660023651
- Chamitoff, G. E. 1995. “AUTONOMOUS GUIDANCE FOR THE RECOVERY AND LANDING OF a REMOTELY PILOTED VEHICLE**This Research Has Been Partially Supported by the Defence Science Research and Technology Organisation of Australia.” In Automatic Control in Aerospace 1994 (Aerospace Control ‘94). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042238-1.50057-4
- Champine, R. 1971. “Flight Investigation of a Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft in the Terminal Area under Simulated Instrument Conditions.” In 9th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1971-7. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-7
- Champine, R. A., H. L. Kelley, and J. P. Reeder. 1970. Summary of a Flight-Test Evaluation of the CL-84 Tilt-Wing V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-X-1914. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700013309
- Chan, Keen. 2019. “Asymmetric Distributed Electric Propulsion VTOL Flying Wing: Conceptualization, Design and Flight Test.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14541
- Chana, William. 2000. “World’s First Delta Wing Airplane Convair/Air Force XF-92A.” In 2000 World Aviation Conference. AIAA 2000-5515. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5515
- Chana, William. 2002. “Early 21st Century Executive VTOL Aircraft.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5996. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5996
- Chana, William F., and J. F. “Skeets” Coleman. 1996. “World’s First VTOL Airplane Convair/Navy XFY-1 Pogo.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/962288
- Chance Vought Corp Dallas Tx. 1963. XC-142A VTOL Transport Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0428617
- Chance Vought Corp Dallas Tx. 1979. V/STOL Aircraft Design Sensitivity to Flying Qualities Criteria Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada358711
- Chang, Ching-Wei, Li-Yu Lo, Hiu Ching Cheung, et al. 2021. “Proactive Guidance for Accurate UAV Landing on a Dynamic Platform: A Visual-Inertial Approach.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202112.0012.v1
- Chang, Byron YooHo, SunHoo Park, YeonJoon Kim, et al. 2023. Advanced Optimization Framework of a Tiltwing eVTOL Aircraft Including Geometry Consideration. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-89
- Chapman, Jeffryes W. 2019. “Multi-Point Design and Optimization of a Turboshaft Engine for Tiltwing Turboelectric VTOL Air Taxi.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1948. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1948
- “Chapter 14. Control of Helicopters near Hover.” 1994. In Control of Spacecraft and Aircraft. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400880034-017
- Chase, W. D. 1976. “Effect of Color on Pilot Performance and Transfer Functions Using a Full-Spectrum, Calligraphic, Color Display System.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760046531
- Chattopadhyay, Aditi, Thomas R. McCarthy, and Sen Zhang. 1995. “A Coupled Rotor/Wing Optimization Procedure for High Speed Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 51 - Ft. Worth, TX 1995. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f51-2003
- Chauhan, Shamsheer S., and Joaquim R. R. A. Martins. 2020a. “RANS-Based Aerodynamic Shape Optimization of a Wing Considering Propeller-Wing Interaction.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1764
- Chavez, Andres, Dalton L’Heureux, Nirmit Prabhakar, Matthew Clark, Wai-Leuk Law, and Richard J. Prazenica. 2017. “Homography-Based State Estimation for Autonomous UAV Landing.” In AIAA Information Systems-AIAA Infotech @ Aerospace. AIAA 2017-0673. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0673
- Chawla, Kalpana. 1993. Numerical Simulation of a Powered-Lift Landing, Tracking Flow Features Using Overset Grids, and Simulation of High Lift Devices on a Fighter-Lift-and-Control Wing. NASA-CR-194260. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940009849
- Chawla, Kalpana, and W. Van Dalsem. 1992. “Numerical Simulation of STOL Operations Using Thrust-Vectoring.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4254. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4254
- Chawla, K., W. R. Van Dalsem, and K. V. Rao. 1989. “Numerical Study of a Delta Planform with Multiple Jets in Ground Effect.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930069203
- Cheatham, J. G., and T. L. Creason. 1983. V/STOL Model Fan Stage Rig Design Report. NASA-CR-174688. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840015561
- Chen, R. T. N. 1980. “Selection of Some Rotor Parameters to Reduce Pitch-Roll Coupling of Helicopter Flight Dynamics.” In American Helicopter Society. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820042848
- Chen, Kaixiang. 2023. “Controller Design for Transition Flight of Rotor-Driven VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV Based on PID.” Applied and Computational Engineering 9 (1): 15–21. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/9/20230018
- Chen, Xiangyan, Hui Chen, Kaiyan Chen, and Jiwei Tang. 2024b. “Study on the Aerodynamics Interaction between Propeller and Stratospheric Airship with Multi-Propeller Layout.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8045-1_21
- Chen, Ding-Horng, Yen-Ping Chen, and Ming-Yuan Shieh. 2019b. “Image-Guided Flight Tracking Control System for Multirotor Aerial Vehicles.” Sensors and Materials 31 (1): 195. https://doi.org/10.18494/sam.2019.2041
- Chen, Lulu, Xingchen Ge, and Zhenbao Liu. 2026f. “Transition Mode Trajectory Tracking Control for Compound VTOL-FW Vehicle Based on Fixed-Time Theory and Geometric Allocation Method.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7676-0_8
- Chen, Zhuoqun, and Runzhao Guo. 2025. “Discussion on Rotor Design Schemes for Tiltrotor Aircraft in Hovering State.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3169 (1): 012037. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3169/1/012037
- Chen, Lili, Zheng Guo, and Zhongxi Hou. 2016b. “Research on the Effect of Propeller Slipstream on Twin Boom UAV Trim Characteristic.” In 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2016-4183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4183
- Chen, Qiangqiang, and Lei He. 2023. “Research on Pitch Angle Control of a Small Moving-Mass Tail-Sitter UAV with Moving Load.” In Ninth International Conference on Mechanical Engineering, Materials, and Automation Technology (MMEAT 2023), edited by Huajun Dong, Hailiang Yu. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3007287
- Chen, Cheng, Jianqiang Huang, Feng Guo, and Jianfeng Zhu. 2026b. “Design of an Integrated Aircraft-Engine Control Law for Wide-Speed-Range Turbine Engines Using Trajectory Optimization Methods.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6238240
- Chen, Mingtai, and James P. Hubner. 2020. “Prediction of Dual-Rotor-Wing Interaction in Hover Using Actuator Disk Theory.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2793
- Chen, Mingtai, and James P. Hubner. 2021. “Numerical Simulations of Single-Rotor/Wing Interaction in Hover at Low Reynolds Number.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2592
- Chen, Jun-Lin, and Ying-Hao Liao. 2020. “Parametric Study on Thrust Vectoring with a Secondary Injection in a Convergent–Divergent Nozzle.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 33 (4): 04020020. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001136
- Chen, Po-Wei, Hajar Mali, Kawtar Benmansour, and Lakshmi N. Sankar. 2022a. “Aerodynamic Simulations of the HVAB Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1321
- Chen, C., H. Velkoff, and C. Tung. 1987. “Free-Wake Analysis of a Rotor in Hover.” In 19th AIAA, Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1987-1245. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1245
- Chen, Jingwei, Zhiqiang Wan, De Yan, and Menglin Yang. 2026c. “Dynamic Feasible Transition Strategies for Tail-Sitter UAVs via Differential Flatness and Motion Primitives.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6073134
- Chen, Shi, and Weijun Wang. 2019. “The Longitudinal Dynamic Characteristics of a V/STOL Aircraft Based on Deflected Slipstream during the Hovering Phase.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 470: 012038. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/470/1/012038
- Chen, Jiaju, Rui Wang, and Rumo Wang. 2020. “Vision Positioning Method for Autonomous Precise Landing of UAV Based on Square Landing Mark.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1651 (1): 012182. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1651/1/012182
- Chen, Zhi, Daobo Wang, and Ziyang Zhen. 2018. “Modelling and Hovering Control for a Coaxial Unmanned Helicopter Using Sliding Mode.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90 (5): 815–27. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2016-0075
- Chen, Li, Yubin Wen, Hua Zhou, Xiaoliang Wang, Pingfang Zhou, and Dengping Duan. 2015a. “Design and Control of a Multi-Vectored Thrust Airship.” In 22nd AIAA Lighter-Than-Air Systems Technology Conference. AIAA 2015-3228. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3228
- Chen, Guangshan, Jingjie Xie, and Yushu Yu. 2025b. “Incremental Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Aircraft Attitude Tracking.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 38 (5): 04025053. https://doi.org/10.1061/jaeeez.aseng-6303
- Cheney, Harold. 1988. “A Flexible Computer Program for Aircraft Flight Test Performance.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2125. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2125
- Cheng, Rendy P. 1995. “Rotorcraft Flight Control Design Using Quantitative Feedback Theory and Dynamic Crossfeeds.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960014835
- Cheng, Ming, Can Li, Wei Liu, Zhongming Jin, and Wanjing Ma. 2026b. “A Reasoning-Enhanced LLM-Based Multi-Role Simulation Model for Vertiport Location Selection.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7002057
- Cheng, ZhiYong, YouXu Yang, and Bo Ye. 2023. “Parameterization Investigation on Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Aerodynamic Characteristics.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2459 (1): 012092. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2459/1/012092
- Cheng, Yuxuan, Zhou Zhou, and Kelei Wang. 2022. “Research on Transition Corridor Boundary of Distributed Propulsion VTOL Fixed Wing.” Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 40 (6): 1195–1203. https://doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20224061195
- Chernousov, Vi, A. A. Krutov, and E. A. Pigusov. 2020. “Three-Dimensional Visualization of Flow Pattern near Transport Airplane Model with Operating Propellers in Wind Tunnel.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1697 (1): 012216. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1697/1/012216
- Chevaldonne, Marc, C. Ballaz, Frédéric Merienne, et al. 2006. “Field-of-View Tests for a Virtual Cockpit Application.” Journal of Electronic Imaging 15 (02): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1117/1.2189211
- Chevalier, H., J. Brown, and R. Wilke. 1974. “A Method for Preventing Airplane Stall/spin.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-863. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-863
- Chevalier, H., and J. Burke. 1972. “Evaluation of Pilot Workload and Handling Qualities Criteria for Light Airplanes during Steep Landing Approach.” In 10th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1972-125. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-125
- Cheyno, E. 1967. “Vertiport Design and Operations.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-891. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-891
- Chi, Shaoqing, Yunsong Gu, Dongsheng Gong, and Linkai Li. 2022c. “Investigation of Thrust Vector Angle Control Law Based on Micro-Turbojet Engine.” AIP Advances 12 (8): 085224. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0098654
- Chi, Shaoqing, Yunsong Gu, Yuhang Zhou, and Long Zhou. 2022b. “Investigation of Active Flow Control of Jet Deflection Rate in Passive Secondary Flow Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” AIP Advances 12 (4): 045324. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0077291
- Childs, Robert E., and David Nixon. 1987. “Unsteady Three-Dimensional Simulation of VTOL Upwash Fountain Turbulence.” In NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research center’s Ground-Effects Workship. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014981
- Chin, Y., T. Aiken, and G. Oates Jr. 1974. “Evaluation of a New Jet Flap Propulsive-Lift System for Turbofan-Powered STOL Transports.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-993. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-993
- Chin, J., V. Chacon, and J. Gera. 1987. “X-29A Flight Control System Performance during Flight Test.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1987-2878. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2878
- Chinwicharnam, Kwanchai, and Chinnapat Thipyopas. 2016. “Comparison of Wing–propeller Interaction in Tractor and Pusher Configuration.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 8 (1): 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829316638206
- Chiocchia, G., and S. Pignataro. 1995. “On the Induced Drag Reduction Due to Propeller-Wing Interaction.” Aeronautical Journal 99 (988): 328–36. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000028578
- Chitrakaran, Vilas K., Darren M. Dawson, Jian Chen, and Mathew Feemster. 2005. Vision Assisted Landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada465706
- Chiu, Alton Pak-Hin. n.d. “Flying Qualities Built-In-Test for Unmanned Aerial Systems.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2012.54
- Cho, Sung H., Subodh Bhandari, Frank C. Sanders, Mark B. Tischler, and Kenny Cheung. 2019. “System Identification and Controller Optimization of Coaxial Quadrotor UAV in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1075. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1075
- Chodnicki, Marcin, Michal Mazur, Miroslaw Nowakowski, and Grzegorz Kowaleczko. 2019. “The Mathematical Model of UAV Vertical Take-off and Landing.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91 (2): 249–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0041
- Choi, Ja-Seong, Seok-Hyun Lee, Jeong-Seon Baek, and Ho-Won Hwang. 2021. “A Study on Vertiport Installation Standard of Drone Taxis(UAM).” Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 29 (1): 74–81. https://doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2021.29.1.074
- Choi, Joo-Won, and Jinyoung Suk. 2026. “Study on the System Safety Assessment of eVTOL Technology Demonstrator.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 54 (1): 105–16. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2026.54.1.105
- Chou, Jen-nai. n.d. “Optimal Turning Maneuvers for Six-Degree-of-Freedom High Angle-of-Attack Aircraft Models.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/rtd-180813-10072
- Chou, D. C., J. H. Baek, R. W. Luiden, and N. O. Stockman. 1981. “Scale Effects on Turbulent Boundary Layer Development and Flow Separation around V/STOL Inlets at High Incidence.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810036134
- Chouicha, Rachid, Mohamed Sellam, and Said Bergheul. 2019. “Effect of Chemical Reactions on the Fluidic Thrust Vectoring of an Axisymmetric Nozzle.” International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace. https://doi.org/10.15394/ijaaa.2019.1377
- Chowdhary, Girish, and Sven Lorenz. 2005. “Control of an VTOL UAV via Online Parameter Estimation.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-6409. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6409
- Christiansen, R. S. 1984. A Large-Scale Investigation of V/STOL Ground Effects. AIAA PAPER 84-0336. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840035242
- Chu, Bryan, and Spring Berman. 2025. Minimum Waypoint Spacing for VTOL Rotorcraft Trajectory Guidance Using B-Spline Midpoint Refinement. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5316
- Chu, Shaka, Daniel Linton, Dries Verstraete, and Ben Thornber. 2021. “Aerodynamic Analysis of Multi-Propeller/Wing Interaction Using the Actuator Surface Model.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1661. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1661
- Chu, C.-W., V. Ortiz, and T. Widynski. 1983. “A New Ejector Concept for V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2514
- Chu, Diyang, Jonathan Sprinkle, Ryan Randall, and Sergey Shkarayev. 2009. “Automatic Control of VTOL Micro Air Vehicle during Transition Maneuver.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-5875. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5875
- Chu, Diyang, Jonathan Sprinkle, Ryan Randall, and Sergey Shkarayev. 2010. “Simulator Development for Transition Flight Dynamics of a VTOL MAV.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 2 (2): 69–89. https://doi.org/10.1260/1756-8293.2.2.69
- Chudoba, Bernd, and Michael Cook. 2003. “Identification of Design-Constraining Flight Conditions for Conceptual Sizing of Aircraft Control Effectors.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5386. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5386
- Chung, William W. Y., Paul F. Borchers, and James A. Franklin. 1995a. Moving Base Simulation of an ASTOVL Lift-Fan Aircraft. NASA-TM-110365. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960008029
- Chung, W. Y. William, Paul F. Borchers, and James A. Franklin. 1995b. Simulation Model of the Integrated Flight/propulsion Control System, Displays, and Propulsion System for ASTOVL Lift-Fan Aircraft. NASA-TM-108866. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950019992
- Chung, Hyoung, Christopher Seaver, and Tom McLaughlin. 2010. “Vortex Flow Control over a Delta Wing by Co-Rotating and Counter-Rotating Vortex Generator.” In 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2010-4952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4952
- Chung, William, Peter Zaal, Lorenzo Terenzi, Emily Lewis, and Matt Blanken. 2020. “Control Force Compensation in Ground-Based Flight Simulators.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20200000750
- Churchill, G. B., and R. M. Gerdes. 1984. Advanced AFCS Developments on the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft. U.S. Army, Aeromechanics Laboratory, Moffett Field. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850049862
- Cicolani, L. S., and G. Meyer. 1975. “Digital Simulation of V/STOL Aircraft for Autopilot Research.” In Large-Scale Dyn. Systems. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750021780
- Ciepluch, Carl C., John M. Abbott, Royce D. Moore, and James F. Sellers. 1979. “Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Propulsion Technology.” In Aeropropulsion 1979. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800001979
- Cimbala, John M., Michael L. Billet, and Todd B. Harman. 1993. Reduction in Size and Unsteadiness of a VTOL Ground Vortex by Ground Fences. NASA-CR-192997. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930016860
- Ciminera, Michael V. 1980. “The Development of a Twin-Turbofan V/STOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f36-008
- Citurs, K., and J. Caton. 1985. “An Investigation of Flying Qualities Requirements for a STOL Fighterin Approach and Landing.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1807. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1807
- Clark, J. 1964. “Research on Vtol Aircraft Handling Qualities Criteria.” In Transport Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-618
- Clark, J. 1965. “Investigation of the Use of Vectored Thrust during Carrier Landings.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-792
- Clark, Andrew S. 1983. “Canadair CL-227 Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0354, edited by Paul A. Henkel, Francis R. LaGesse. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.933974
- Clark, David R. 1985. Analysis of the Wing/Rotor and Rotor/Rotor Interactions Present in Tilt-Rotor Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1985-1735
- Clark, D., and A. Landgrebe. 1971. “Wake and Boundary Layer Effects in Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics.” In 4th Fluid and Plasma Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1971-581. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-581
- Clark, James W., David P. Miller, and Robert A. Gallant. 1963. Investigation of Control and Stability Augmentation Requirements for Tandem Tilting Ducted Propeller VTOL Transports. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0419126
- Clark, E. L., and C. J. Spurlin. 1962. The Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 75-DEG Swept Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack and Mach Numbers of 2 to 8 (u). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0329345
- Clark, Roger, and Walter Valarezo. 1990. “Subsonic Calculation of Propeller/wing Interference.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-31. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-31
- Clark, J., Jr. 1975. “Analysis of Response Requirements for V/STOL Lift/cruise Engines Used to Provide Height and Moment Control.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1975-1014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1014
- Clark, J., Jr. 1980. “Navy V/STOL Hover and Low-Speed Flying Qualities Criteria Recent Developments.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1591. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1591
- Clark, J., Jr., C. Carpenter, J. Hodgkinson, and R. Hoh. 1982. “Flying Quality Requirements for V/STOL Transition.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1293. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1293
- Clarke, Tim. 2010. Flight Control for Rotorcraft. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae534
- Clarke, G., J. Hoeg, and J. Rebel. 1973. “V/STOL Aircraft Testing for the Sea Control Ship Environment.” In 5th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1973-810. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-810
- Cleveland, William B. 1971. “The Handling Qualities Simulation Program for the Augmentor Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the May 16-18, 1972, spring joint computer conference on - AFIPS ‘72 (Spring). ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/1479064.1479108
- Clough, Bruce. 1990. “Short Take-off and Landing Maneuver Technology Demonstrator (STOL/MTD) Lessons Learned: Integrated Flight/propulsion Control (IFPC).” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3307. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3307
- Clough, N., J. H. Diedrich, and J. A. Yuska. 1971. Lewis 9- by 15-Foot V/STOL Wind Tunnel. NASA-TM-X-2305. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710020579
- Cmt, A-6A3 Flight Control and Vehicle Management Systems. 2016. Aircraft Flight Control Systems Descriptions. https://doi.org/10.4271/air4094a
- Cobleigh, Brent. 1994. “High-Angle-of-Attack Yawing Moment Asymmetry of the X-31 Aircraft from Flight Test.” In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1803. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1803
- Cocco, Alessandro, Andrea Zanoni, Vincenzo Muscarello, and Pierangelo Masarati. 2021. “Effects of Flight Controls and Cockpit Layout Design in Rotorcraft-Pilot Couplings: A Computational Approach.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1115/1.0001923v
- Cochrane, J. A., D. W. Riddle, and V. C. Stevens. 1981. “Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft: The First 3 Years of Flight Research.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035674
- Coe, P. L., Jr., and R. P. Weston. 1978. Effects of Wing Leading-Edge Deflection on the Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Low-Aspect-Ratio Highly Swept Arrow-Wing Configuration. NASA-TM-78787. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780025104
- Coelho, Rodrigo, Alexandra Moutinho, and José Raúl Azinheira. 2017. “Quadrotor Attitude Control Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamics Inversion.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006435900980109
- Coen, P., and W. Foss Jr. 1985. “Computer Sizing of Fighter Aircraft.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-212. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-212
- Cohan, S., and N. B. Hirsh. 1966. XV-9A Hot Cycle Research Aircraft Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0638366
- Cohen, Marc Maurice. 1996. “The Vertiport as an Urban Design Problem.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/965523
- Cohn, J., D. Dusa, C. Wagenknecht, and J. Wolf. 1985. “Axisymmetric Thrust Reversing Thrust Vectoring Exhaust System for Maneuver and Balanced Field Length Aircraft.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1466. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1466
- Cole, Richard I., and Gareth H. Jordan. 1952. The Effect of a Simulated Propeller Slipstream on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of an Unswept Wing Panel with and without Nacelles at Mach Numbers from 0.30 to 0.86. NACA-TN-2776. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930083569
- Cole, Julia A., Mark D. Maughmer, Goetz Bramesfeld, and Michael P. Kinzel. 2017. “A Higher-Order Free-Wake Method for Propeller-Wing Systems.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3414. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3414
- Cole, G. L., J. F. Sellers, and B. E. Tinling. 1980. Propulsion System Mathematical Model for a Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-81663. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810007540
- Coleman, David. 2025. “A High-Performance Tailsitter Design for Future Air-Launch Capability.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0045
- Coleman, Jeffery, and David Thirtyacre. 2021. “Remote Pilot Situational Awareness with Augmented Reality Glasses: An Observational Field Study.” International Journal of Aviation, Aeronautics, and Aerospace. https://doi.org/10.15394/ijaaa.2021.1547
- Coles, Alan V. 1968. “Control Characteristics of Vectored Thrust V/STOL Vehicles in the Transition Regime.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f24-018
- Collins, Emmanuel G., Jr. 2005. Feedback Control Design for Counterflow Thrust Vectoring. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada438337
- Comeau, Perry, Alanna Wall, Eric Thornhill, Sean McTavish, and Richard Lee. 2022. “Supporting Shipboard Helicopter Flight Testing with Simulation and Metrics for Predicting Pilot Workload.” Journal of Defense Modeling and Simulation: Applications, Methodology, Technology 21 (2): 149–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/15485129221118937
- Comer, Anthony M. 2024. “Optimizing Explicit Model-Following Trajectory Control Laws for a Vectored Thrust Conguration.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 70 (1): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.70.012007
- Comer, Anthony. 2026. “A Configuration-Independent Trajectory Control System for Simplified Vehicle Operations of VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 82nd Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0311
- Comer, Anthony M., Zach Atkinson, Pratibha Bhandari, Zachary Miller, and Elijah Harp. 2026a. “Development of a Simulation to Flight Workflow for Subscale Flight Testing of Experimental Control Laws.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2063. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2063
- Comer, Anthony M., Rajan Bhandari, Stefanus H. Putra, and Imon Chakraborty. 2024a. “Design, Control Law Development, and Flight Testing of a Subscale Lift-Plus-Cruise Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2644. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2644
- Comer, Anthony M., and Imon Chakraborty. 2023. “Flight Control System Architecture for Urban Air Mobility Simplified Vehicle Operations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0399
- Comer, Anthony M., Imon Chakraborty, Bikash Kunwar, and Peter Schmidt. 2026b. “Flight Test Validation of a Trajectory Control System for Simplified Vehicle Operations on a Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0189
- Comer, Anthony M., Imon Chakraborty, Stefanus H. Putra, Rajan Bhandari, Bikash Kunwar, and Benjamin Davis. 2024b. “Design, Optimization, and Flight Testing of a Trajectory Control System for Lift-Plus-Cruise VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4563. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4563
- Comer, Anthony M., Benjamin M. Simmons, and Garrett D. Asper. 2025. Design, Simulation, and Flight Testing of a Multi-Purpose VTOL Flight Control System. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://doi.org/10.64631/ykyx8927
- “A Comparative Study of Nonlinear Filters in Pilot-Induced Oscillation Caused by Actuator Rate Limiting.” 2015. In Control, Mechatronics and Automation Technology. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19371-12
- “The Complete Landing Gear.” 1989. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 61 (11): 2–3. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb036858
- Computational and Experimental Analysis of Optimized Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Configurations. 2024. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v9i4.82
- “Computer Vision-Based Approach for Markerless UAV Landing Zone Identification.” 2025. Telecommunication and information technologies 88 (3): 5–14. https://doi.org/10.31673/2412-4338.2025.038701
- Comunian, Paolo, Jacopo Serpieri, and Gioacchino Cafiero. 2025. “Optimizing Distributed Electric Propulsion Throughgenetic Algorithms.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5304787
- Conceptual Design of a V/STOL Lift Fan Commercial Short Haul Transport. 1973. NASA-CR-2184. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730006314
- “Conceptual Design of a Y-Configuration VTOL UAV.” 2015. In Control, Mechatronics and Automation Technology. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19371-29
- Conference on V/Stol Aircraft a Compilation of the Papers Presented at Langley Research Center, Langley Field, VA., Nov. 17-18, 1960. 1960. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004807
- “Configuration Development and Flying Qualities.” 2021. In Aircraft Aerodynamic Design with Computational Software. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781139094672.012
- Cong, Rongfei, Youda Ye, Zhongliang Zhao, Junqiang Wu, and Changfeng Zhang. 2019. “Numerical Research on Jet Tab Thrust Vector Nozzle Aerodynamic Characteristics.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1300 (1): 012089. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1300/1/012089
- Conley, Sarah, Nicholas Peters, Jeremy Aires, et al. n.d. “VTOL Analysis for Emergency Response Applications (VAERA): Identifying Technology Gaps for Wildfire Relief Rotorcraft Missions.” In 6th Decennial VFS Aeromechanics Specialists’ Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240000476
- Conley, Sarah, and Dorsa Shirazi. n.d. “Comparing Simulation Results from CHARM and RotCFD to the Multirotor Test Bed Experimental Data.” In AIAA AVIATION Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210018704
- Conners, Timothy. 1989. “Measurement Effects on the Calculation of in-Flight Thrust for an F404 Turbofan Engine.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2364. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2364
- Connors, A., and R. Swaim. 1968. “Effects of Gust Velocity Spatial Distributions on Lateral-Directional Response of a VTOL Aircraft.” In 6th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1968-59. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-59
- Conover, Donald W. 1964. “Cockpit Landing Visibility.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640317
- Consulting, Tiltrotor Flight Test, Martin Shubert, and David G. Sizoo. 2025. “Accident Survey of Fly-by-Wire Powered-Lift Aircraft toward Understanding Variable Configuration eVTOL Aircraft Certification Risk.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0342
- Control Allocation and Flight Control System Design. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827789.ch8
- “Control Augmentation and Cockpit Displays.” 2002. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0127.0168
- “Control Distribution for over-Actuated Systems.” 2008. In Multi-Resolution Methods for Modeling and Control of Dynamical Systems. Chapman and Hall/CRC. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781584887706-13
- “Controller for Attitude Stabilization with Disturbance Rejection for Steady Hover of Rotary-Wing Flying Robot.” 2014. Journal of Unmanned System Technology. https://doi.org/10.21535/kb7t4549
- Conway, H. G. 1961. “Jet Lift VTO: The Short S. C. I.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610219
- Cook, Martin L. 1964. A Wind-Tunnel Air Wake Survey of a 1/144-Scale Model Aircraft Carrier with Deck and Island Modifications. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada953004
- Cook, A. M. 1985. “Simulation World Moves up to V/STOL.” Aerospace America 23. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860029508
- Cook, Woodrow L. 1993. Summary of Lift and Lift/Cruise Fan Powered Lift Concept Technology. NASA-CR-177619. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940019016
- Cook, M. V. 1997a. “Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-340-63200-0.50018-6
- Cook, M. V. 1997b. “Flying and Handling Qualities.” In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-340-63200-0.50015-0
- Cook, M. V. 2007a. “Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” In Flight Dynamic Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-075066927-6/50016-7
- Cook, M. V. 2007b. “Flying and Handling Qualities.” In Flight Dynamic Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-075066927-6/50013-1
- Cook, Michael V. 2013a. “Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098242-7.00013-4
- Cook, Michael V. 2013b. “Flying and Handling Qualities.” In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098242-7.00010-9
- Cook, Jacob. 2021. “A Strip Theory Approach to Dynamic Modeling of eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1720. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1720
- Cook, Richard, Peter Curtis, and Peter Fenton. 2005. “State of the Art in Sub-Scale STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion Wind Tunnel Test Techniques.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3158
- Cook, Jacob William, and Irene M. Gregory. n.d. “A Robust Uniform Control Approach for VTOL Aircraft.” In 2021 Autonomous VTOL Technical Meeting and Electric VTOL Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210000418
- Cook, W. L., and D. H. Hickey. 1965. Correlation of Wind-Tunnel and Flight-Test Aerodynamic Data for Five V/STOL Aircraft. AGARD-520. NASA AMES RES. CENTER. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670020207
- Cook, W. L., and D. H. Hickey. 1967. Aerodynamics of V/STOL Aircraft Powered by Lift Fans. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680013029
- Cooke, Alastair K. 2010. Rotary-Wing Control and Handling Qualities. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae259
- Coolican, Michael A. 2002. The Song Remains the Same: United States Marine Corps and V/STOL. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada403750
- Cooper, John R., Kasey A. Ackerman, and Paul M. Rothhaar. 2018. Autonomous Path-Following for a Tilt-Wing, Distributed Electric Propulsion, Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial System in Hover Mode. NASA/TM-2018-220109. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180007915
- Coplin, J. 1965. “Lift Jet Installational Experience.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-798. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-798
- Coplin, John F. 1966. “Lift Jet Installational Experience: A Review of the Progress Made in Lift Jet Installations and on Lift Intake and Exhaust Jet Deflector Design.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 38 (3): 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034131
- Cord, T. 1981. “IFFC Flying Qualities Simulation.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1821. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1821
- Cord, Thomas. 1994. “An Aerial Slalom Course for Flying Qualities Evaluation.” In 19th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1994-3490. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3490
- Cordell, Christopher E., Oliver Pierson, Douglas Hope, John Stewart, Josh Gaston, and Eric Grigorian. 2023. “Modeling and Simulation of Real-Time Rotorcraft Brownout for a Flight Simulator.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3723
- Córdoba G., Mario. 2007. “THE EFIGENIA EJ-1B MOZART: An S/VTOL Autonomous UAV Unmanned Aircraft Autocontrolled with an Intelligent Adaptive Digital Reconfigurable Guidance, Navigation and Flight Control System.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2007 Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-2732. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2732
- Corless, L. D., and C. L. Blanken. 1983. “A Simulation Investigation of the Effects of Engine-and Thrust-Response Characteristics on Helicopter Handling Qualities.” In European Rotorcraft Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840001967
- Corliss, Lloyd D. 1982. A Helicopter Handling-Qualities Study of the Effects of Engine Response Characteristics, Height-Control Dynamics, and Excess Power on Nap-of-the-Earth Operations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_1982-1262
- Corliss, L. D., C. L. Blanken, and K. Nelson. 1983. Effects of Rotor Inertia and Rpm Control on Helicopter Handling Qualities. AIAA PAPER 83-2070. NASA Ames Research Center; U.S. Army, Aeromechanics Laboratory, Moffett Field. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830060689
- Corliss, L. D., and D. C. Dugan. 1972. A VTOL Translational Rate Control System Study on a Six Degrees-of-Freedom Motion Simulator. NASA-TM-X-62194. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720025376
- Corliss, L., and T. Gossett. 1969. “A Study of the Quadratic Performance Index for a VTOL Prefilter Model Reference Attitude Control System.” In AIAA Guidance, Control, and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1969-884. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-884
- Corliss, L. D., and T. D. Gossett. 1971. A Quadratic Performance Index for a VTOL Aircraft Prefilter Model Reference Attitude Control System. NASA-TN-D-6231. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009361
- Corliss, L. D., R. K. Greif, and R. M. Gerdes. 1977. An in-Flight Simulation of VTOL Hover Control Concepts. AIAA PAPER 77-610. NASA Ames Research center; U.S. Army, Air Mobility Research and Development Laboratory, Moffett Field. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052109
- Cornelius, Jason K. n.d. “Designing a Coaxial Quadrotor for Urban Air Mobility.” In 10th Biennial Autonomous VTOL Technical Meeting & 10th Annual Electric VTOL Symposium. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230000666
- Cornelius, Kenneth, and Gerald Lucius. 1993. “Thrust Vectoring Control from Underexpanded Asymmetric Nozzles.” In 3rd Shear Flow Conference. AIAA 1993-3261. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3261
- Cornell Aeronautical Lab INC Buffalo NY. 1947. Dynamic Longitudinal Stability and Control Flight Tests of a B-25J Airplane. Forced Oscillation and Step Function Response Methods Utilizing an a-12 Automatic Pilot. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada800190
- Cornes, Olivier. 2019. “Basic Design Limitations for Urban Electric VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14542
- Cornish, J., III. 1964. “Some Aerodynamic and Operational Problems of Stol Aircraft with Blc.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-193. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-193
- Corraro, Federico, Gianfranco Morani, and Adolfo Sollazzo. 2011. “Fault-Tolerance of a Transport Aircraft with Adaptive Control and Optimal Command Allocation.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/13961
- Corsiglia, Victor, Michael Dudley, Brian Smith, and Joseph Farbridge. 1989. Large-Scale Wind Tunnel Tests of an Ejector-Lift STOVL Aircraft Model. AIAA PAPER 89-2905. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890059794
- Corsiglia, Victor R., Douglas A. Wardwell, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1990. Small-Scale Experiments in STOVL Ground Effects. SAE PAPER 901060. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910036633
- Corsiglia, Victor R., Douglas A. Wardwell, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1991. “Small-Scale Experiments in STOVL Ground Effects.” In RAS International Powered Life Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910012778
- Corwin, William H. 1989. “The NASA Task Load Index as a Measure of Pilot Workload in the Commercial Transport Environment.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/892382
- Cosgrove, W. J., R. J. Heim, and P. E. Ryan. 1968. A Generalized Experimental Investigation of Hot Gas Recirculation and Ingestion for Jet VTOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-1147. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680023571
- Cosgrove, W. J., and P. E. Ryan. 1969a. The Effect of Exhaust Conditions, Surface Winds, and Geometric Scale on Hot Gas Ingestion for Two Jet VTOL Configurations. NASA-CR-66965. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700025217
- Cosgrove, W. J., and P. E. Ryan. 1969b. Empirically Determined Wind and Scale Effects on Hot Gas Recirculation Characteristics of Jet V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-1445. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690031387
- Costes, Philippe. 1988. “Investigation of Thrust Vectoring and Post-Stall Capability in Air Combat.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4160. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4160
- Cotting, M. 2010. “Proposed Longitudinal Flying Qualities Criterion for Unpiloted Autonomous Aircraft, Starting the Conversation.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7944
- Cotton, L. 1967. “Reliability with VTOL.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-798. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-798
- Courtin, Christopher, and R. John Hansman. 2019. “Model Development for a Comparison of VTOL and STOL Electric Aircraft Using Geometric Programming.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3477. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3477
- Courtin, Christopher, R. John Hansman, and Mark Drela. 2020. “Flight Test Results of a Subscale Super-STOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0977. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0977
- Courtin, Christopher, Ara Mahseredjian, Annick J. Dewald, Mark Drela, and John Hansman. 2021. “A Performance Comparison of eSTOL and eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3220. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3220
- Coward, K. S. 1955. Propeller Static Thrust. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0101718
- Cox, David, Kevin Cunningham, and Thomas Jordan. 2012. “Subscale Flight Testing for Aircraft Loss of Control: Accomplishments and Future Directions.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-5029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5029
- Cox, Brian, and Jan Roskam. 1990. “Preliminary Design of a Supersonic Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing (STOVL) Fighter Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3231
- Cox-Gross, Riley J., and Kyle Collins. 2025. “eVTOL RPM Controlled Rotor Design Methodology for Analyzing Hover Performance and Frequency Response.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1289
- Crafa, V., and V. Reed. 1980. “Contingency Rating Options for ASW-AEW V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1854. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1854
- Craig, A. J. 1961. Achieving Consistency in Maximum Performance STOL Landings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0257882
- Craig, S., R. Lindbeck, and A. Shaw. 1978. “The Impact of Current V/STOL Flying Quality Control Requirements on the Propulsion System.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-924. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-924
- Craig, Andrew, and Donald Romani Jr. 1993. “Unsteady Aerodynamics in Airplane Stall-Spin Departure.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-622
- Crandall, Kenneth J., David J. Maund, William E. Gerken, and James H. Vincent. 1973. STOL Tactical Aircraft Investigation. Volume V. Part I. Flight Control Technology: System Analysis and Trade Studies for a Medium STOL Transport with Vectored Thrust/Mechanical Flaps. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0766642
- “Crashworthy Landing Gear for an Aircraft.” 1998. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 70 (5). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.1998.12770ead.004
- Crawford, Charles C., Michael W. Heiges, and Mark E. Wasikowski. 1996. “Analysis of Tiltwing Aircraft Configuration Potential.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/962290
- “The Creation of Thrust in a Jet Engine.” 2003. In Jet Propulsion. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511809415.005
- The Creation of Thrust in a Jet Engine. 2015. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781316223116.006
- Crichton, Michael, Zuzanna Czarnecka, Richard Green, and Frank Coton. 2005. “A Systematic Study of Side-Wall Interference Effects on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-4980. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4980
- Crim, Almer D. 1959. “Hovering and Low Speed Controllability of VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 4 (1): 26–28. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.4.1.26
- Crimi, Peter. 1965. Theoretical Prediction of the Flow in the Wake of a Helicopter Rotor. Part 2. Formulation and Application of the Rotor-Wake-Flow Computer Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0629783
- Crippa, Simone, and Arthur Rizzi. 2006. “Numerical Investigation of Reynolds Number Effects on a Blunt Leading-Edge Delta Wing.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3001. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3001
- Crist, David, and L. H. Symes. 1981. Helicopter Landing Gear Design and Test Criteria Investigation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada105512
- Crombie, Robert B., and David J. Moorhouse. 1980. Flying Qualities Design Criteria. Proceedings of AFFDL Flying Qualities Symposium Held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in October 1979. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada088629
- Cromwell, C., and W. Koven. 1965. “Flying Qualities Requirements as Related to Control System Complexity.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-794. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-794
- Crother, Carl A., Brian Gabelman, and Del Langton. 1973. Structural Mode Effects on Flying Qualities in Turbulence. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada004416
- Crouse, G., Jr., and J. Leishman. 1993. “A New Method for Improved Rotor Free-Wake Convergence.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-872. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-872
- Cui, E. J., X. T. Yu, and F. Li. 1993. “Unsteady Flow Characteristic and Separation Control of Lifting System under High Angle of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_17
- Culpepper, Grace G., Jielong Cai, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. 2021. “Propeller and Propeller-in-Wing Thrust Vectoring.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0615. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0615
- Culpepper, Grace G., Jielong Cai, and Sidaard Gunasekaran. 2022. “Effect of Forward Propeller Tilt and Inlet Shape in Propeller-in-Wing Thrust Vectoring.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1539. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1539
- Culpepper, R. G., R. D. Murphy, E. A. Gillespie, and A. G. Lane. 1979. A Unique Facility for V/STOL Aircraft Hover Testing. NASA-TP-1473. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790021028
- Cummings, Russell, Scott Morton, and Stefan Siegel. 2003. “Computational Simulation and PIV Measurements of the Laminar Vortical Flowfield for a Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-1102. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-1102
- Cunis, Torbjørn. n.d. “Modeling, Analysis, and Control for Upset Recovery: From System Theory to Unmanned Aircraft Flight.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/5f4b14cez5181z4604zaf8dz27dc1744e316
- Cunningham, T. 1976. “Optimal Control of a Low Wing-Loading STOL Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1976-1954. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1954
- Cunningham, W., and J. Boytos. 1981. “A Compact Installation for Testing Vectored-Thrust Engines.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1592
- Cunningham, Kevin, David Cox, Daniel Murri, and Stephen Riddick. 2011. “A Piloted Evaluation of Damage Accommodating Flight Control Using a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6451. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6451
- Cunningham, Kevin, John Foster, Austin Murch, and Eugene Morelli. 2008. “Practical Application of a Subscale Transport Aircraft for Flight Research in Control Upset and Failure Conditions.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6200
- Cunningham, Michael, and James E. Hubbard. 2018. “Open Loop System Identification of a Small Multirotor Vehicle with an Active Feedback Control System.” In 2018 Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-3475. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3475
- Cunningham, Michael, Nikhil Nigam, Sricharan K. Ayyalasomayajula, et al. 2022. “Integrated Vehicle-Propulsion-Control Design Architecture for Distributed Electric Propulsion-Enabled Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3484. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3484
- Cureton, Paul. 2020. “Urban Air Mobility.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351212991-4
- Curry, Paul R., Matthews Jr., and James T. 1965. Suggested Requirements for V/STOL Flying Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0617748
- Curry, Renwick, Lawrence Young, William Hoffman, and Daniel Kugel. 1976. “A Pilot Model with Visual and Motion Cues.” In Visual and Motion Simulation Conference. AIAA 1976-1706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-1706
- Curtis, Peter. 2002. “The Influence of Ground Boundary Layer on Hot Gas Ingestion Characteristics.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5983. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5983
- Curtis, Peter, Liping Xu, and Paul Ford. 2005. “The Design, Development and Testing of a Turbine Powered Simulator for Hot Gas Ingestion Testing.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-3159
- Curtiss, H. C. 1965a. “An Analytical Study of the Dynamics of VTOL Aircraft in Unsteady Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f21-006
- Curtiss, Professor H. C., and Frank W. Warburton. 1992. “Evaluation of Tilt Rotor Aircraft Design Utilizing a Realtime Interactive Simulation.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f48-2027
- Curtiss, H. C., Jr. 1965b. Downwash Tests of the Dual Tandem Ducted Propeller VTOL Research Aircraft Configurations to Evaluate Engine Inlets, Protection Devices and Study Aerodynamic Interference. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0628669
- Curtiss, H., Jr. 1969. “Dynamic Stability of V/STOL Aircraft at Low Speeds.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-194. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-194
- Curtiss, H. C., Jr. 1986. Stability and Control Modelling. Princeton University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870056154
- Curtiss Jr. and Howard C. 1969. An Investigation of the Dynamic Stability Characteristics of a Quad Configuration, Ducted-Propeller V/Stol Model. Volume IV. the Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a Quad Configuration, Ducted-Propeller V/Stol Model at High Duct Incidence. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0859276
- Curtiss Jr., Putman Howard C., and William F. 1961. Results of Experimental Correlation of Model and Full Scale Helicopter and VTOL Longitudinal Dynamics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0263836
- Curtiss Jr., H. C. Putman, and W. F. J. V. Lebacqz. 1967. An Experimental Investigation of the Longitudinal Dynamic Stability Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing VTOL Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0663848
- Czinczenheim, J. 1977. “A Deflected Slipstream Aircraft of the Sixties /Breguet 941/ and Itscontribution to the Solution of Some STOL Problems.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-565. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-565
- Czyba, Roman, and Marian Blachuta. 2001. “Spatial Flight Control of Aircraft Model Based on the Dynamic Contraction Method.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4087. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4087
- Czyba, Roman, Marcin Lemanowicz, Jarosław Domin, et al. 2023. “Prototype of Turbine Propulsion System with Controllable Thrust Vector for Long-Range Unmanned VTOL Aircraft.” In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35173-0_30
- D, Guido, and Paolo Menichetti. 2000. “Handling Qualities of a Towed Sailplane.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-975. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-975
- D’Andrea, Andrea. 2009. Numerical Analysis of Unsteady Vortical Flows Generated by a Rotorcraft Operating on Ground: A First Assessment of Helicopter Brownout. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f65-000351
- D’Andrea, Andrea, and Francesco Scorcelletti. 2010. “Enhanced Numerical Simulations of Helicopter Landing Maneuvers in Brownout Conditions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000180
- D’Angelo, Brendan K., Hari Kiran Balachandran, and Ashok Gopalarathnam. 2022. “Low-Order and Computational Modeling of Propeller-Wing Interaction.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3686. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3686
- Dabaghian, Pedram Hashem, and Atanu Halder. 2025. “Machine Learning Based Flight Dynamic Framework for eVTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0267
- Dabundo, C., and M. Neary. 1985. “A Longitudinal Stability Augmentation System for a Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-72. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-72
- Daffer, G., and J. Gebhardt. 1974. “Simulation of the Landing and Take-off of a VTOL Aircraft on a Ship in a Random Sea.” In Advanced Marine Vehicles Conference. AIAA 1974-302. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-302
- Daffer, George H., and David F. Rogers. 1973. Simulation of the Compatibility of an Air Capable Ship and a VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0764865
- Dahleh, M. A., and J. Tsitsiklis. 2002. Hierarchical Nonlinear Control for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada417306
- Dai, Ziqi, Digby Symons, Riul Jung, and Michael Joseph Kingan. 2025. “Iterative Bemt Analysis Extended to Model Coaxial Rotor Aerodynamic Performance in Hover.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5135051
- Dalai, Sagar, Kanishk Vishwakarma, Kaushal Kishore, Dhruv Potdar, and Manan Arora. 2025. “UAV Landing on General Moving Platforms without Markers.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-7525-5_8
- Daljit Majil, D. 2016. “Design and Analysis of Jet Vane Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Using CFD and Optimization of Nozzle Parameters.” Indian Journal of Science and Technology 9 (39). https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i39/100778
- Dallas, S. S., and E. M. Irvin. 1956. Effect of Performance Criteria on the Optimum Design of the Tilt-Wing Propeller and Vertodyne. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0147926
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and S. M. Muyeen. 2022a. “Adaptive Backstepping Controller Design of Quadrotor Biplane for Payload Delivery.” IET Intelligent Transport Systems 16 (12): 1738–52. https://doi.org/10.1049/itr2.12171
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023a. “Adaptive Controller Design for Biplane Quadrotor.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_4
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023b. “Anti-Swing Control Structure for the Biplane Quadrotor with Slung Load.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_7
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023c. “Deflecting Surface-Based Total Rotor Failure Compensation for Biplane Quadrotor.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_8
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023d. “Nonlinear Controllers for Hybrid UAV: Biplane Quadrotor.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_3
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023e. “Nonlinear Disturbance Observer-Based Backstepping Control of Tail-Sitter Quadrotors.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_2
- Dalwadi, Nihal, Dipankar Deb, and Stepan Ozana. 2023f. “Partial Rotor Failure Compensation for Biplane Quadrotor with Slung Load.” In Studies in Systems, Decision and Control. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-9744-0_6
- Dancik, Paul J., Frederick R. Mazzitelli, and William B. Peck. 1958. “Test Experience on the Vertol 76 Tilt Wing VTOL Research Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 14 - Washington, D.C. 1958. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f14-002
- Daniel, J. Nelson. 1964. “New Concepts in Helicopter and VTOL Transmission Systems.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f20-007
- Daniel, Castroviejo, and Patrick Hendrick. 2023. “Test Bench for Electric Propellers and Distributed Propulsion.” In Sustainable Aviation. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32639-4_12
- Dansby, T., W. Garrard, D. Ryle, and L. Sullivan. 1964. “V/stol Development of the c-130 Hercules.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-184. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-184
- Dantsker, Or D. 2024. “Development, Integration, and Initial Ground & Flight Testing of an Unmanned Aircraft for Dynamically-Scaled Flight Testing Research: Great Planes Avistar 30cc.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4395. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4395
- Dantsker, Or D., Gavin K. Ananda, and Michael S. Selig. 2017. “GA-USTAR Phase 1: Development and Flight Testing of the Baseline Upset and Stall Research Aircraft.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-4078. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4078
- Dantsker, Or D., Stephen T. Haviland, Ryan Allford, et al. 2023. “Flight Testing of Tailless Subscale HAPS Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3780. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3780
- Dantsker, Or D., Stephen T. Haviland, Jason Mukherjee, et al. 2022. “Flight Testing of Subscale HAPS Models to Evaluate Aircraft Configurations.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3638. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3638
- Dantsker, Or D., and Renato Mancuso. 2019. “Flight Testing Data Set for Subscale GA Aircraft: 26%-Scale Cub Crafters CC11-100 Sport Cub S2.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1616. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1616
- Dantsker, Or D., Renato Mancuso, Byron Ward, Christian Miller, Donovan F. Shea, and Kyle Collins. 2025. “Flight Testing Instrumentation Development and Integration for a Subscale Integrated High Lift Propulsor Testbed.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2416
- Dantsker, Or D., and Michael S. Selig. 2015. “High Angle of Attack Flight of a Subscale Aerobatic Aircraft.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2568
- Dantsker, Or D., Mirco Theile, and Marco Caccamo. 2018b. “A High-Fidelity, Low-Order Propulsion Power Model for Fixed-Wing Electric Unmanned Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-5009. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5009
- Dantsker, Or D., Moiz Vahora, Saym Imtiaz, and Marco Caccamo. 2018a. “High Fidelity Moment of Inertia Testing of Unmanned Aircraft.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4219
- Darabi, Amir, and Israel Wygnanski. 2003. “The Rotor Wake above a Tilt-Rotor Airplane Model in Hover.” In 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-3596. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3596
- Darden, L., and N. Komerath. 1995. “Forebody Vortex Control at High Incidence Using a Moveable Nose Stagnation Point.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1775. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1775
- Darling, Richard, George Hogg, and Ernst Staudt. 1970. Requirements and Developmental Techniques for Engine Air Particle Separators in VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-4062
- Darmstadt, Patrick R., Sheevangi Pathak, Ephraim Chen, et al. 2021. Reliability and Safety Assessment of Urban Air Mobility Concept Vehicles. The Boeing Company Philadelphia, PA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210017188
- Darmstadt, Patrick R., Sheevangi Pathak, Timothy Krantz, and Mark Valco. n.d. “Design Concepts to Meet EASA SC-VTOL-01 Single Failure Criteria.” In The Vertical Flight Society’s 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220005985
- Das, Arnab Kumar, Tapan K. Mankodi, and Ujjwal K. Saha. 2024. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring on an Altitude-Adaptive Double-Divergent Nozzle Using a Bypass Passage.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-128990
- Das Biswas, Somrick, William A. Crossley, and Daniel DeLaurentis. 2026. “Investigation of Different Hybridization Schemes for VTOL Aircraft Using Conceptual Design Tools.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4787
- Daud Filho, Antonio Carlos. n.d. “A Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV Configuration Study: Flight Dynamics Modeling, Simulation, States Estimation, Control, Systems Integration and Flight Testing.” PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/t.18.2023.tde-27032023-153150
- Daud Filho, A. C., and E. M. Belo. 2023. “A Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV Configuration: Flight Dynamics Modelling and Transition Control Simulation.” Aeronautical Journal 128 (1319): 152–77. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2023.34
- Daughaday, H., and F. A. Duwaldt. 1955. Helicopter Handling Qualities Investigation. Phase II. Analysis of Helicopter Stabilization and Control Problems. Part c. Characteristics and Comparison of Existing Helicopter Stabilizing Devices. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0103817
- Davenport, Edwin E. 1957. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of External-Flow Jet-Augmented Double Slotted Flaps on a Rectangular Wing at an Angle of Attack of 0 Degree to High Momentum Coefficients. NACA-TN-4079. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085087
- Davenport, F., D. Selvig, A. Rengstorff, and G. Oates. 1972. “STOL Performance Criteria for Military Transport Aircraft.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-806. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-806
- Davidson Jr., H. D. Frank, and Lawrence A. 1972. Surface Effect Take-Off and Landing System (SETOLS) Subsonic Static Stability out of Ground Effect. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0763365
- Davis, John M. 1974. Rotorcraft Flight Simulation with Aeroelastic Rotor and Improved Aerodynamic Representation. Volume II. User’s Manual. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0782756
- Davis, Benjamin M., Rajan Bhandari, and Imon Chakraborty. 2025. “Development and Testing of a Hybrid Electric Propulsion Architecture for Subscale eVTOL.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2707. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2707
- Davis, J., T. Garnett, and J. Gaul. 1977. Heavy Lift Helicopter Flight Control System. Volume III. Automatic Flight Control System Development and Feasibility Demonstration. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada050059
- Davis, Chuck, L. M. Graham, and Robert R. Lynn. 1961. “The Place of the Low Disc Loading VTOL in the Future Manned Military Aircraft Spectrum.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 6 (1): 22–26. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.6.1.22
- Davis, Duane M., and Jerry D. Hines. 1976. The Effect of Thrust Vectoring on Aircraft Maneuvering. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada027367
- Davis, Charles E., and John R. Mertens. 1958. “Wind Tunnel and Flight Testing the XV-3 Fixed-Wing VTOL.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 14 - Washington, D.C. 1958. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f14-004
- Davis, R., and L. Spicer. 1965. “Thrust Vector Determination of a Fixed Nozzle Engine i n a Rigid Horizontal Six-Component Thrust Stand.” In Unmanned Spacecraft Meeting 1965. AIAA 1965-1425. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-1425
- Dawe, Joseph S., Samuel Bull, Michael J. Carley, and Carl M. Sangan. 2025. “Performance of eVTOL Rotors through Dynamic Transition.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1634. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1634
- Dawson, Seth. 1982. An Experimental Investigation of a Bearingless Model Rotor in Hover. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f38-007
- Dawson, C. R., and E. Omar. 1977. Ground Effects and Control Effectiveness Tests of a .095 Scale Powered Model of a Modified T-39 Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Research Airplane. NASA-CR-151993. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770014140
- De Blauwe, Hugo, Selcuk Bayraktar, Eric Feron, and Fatih Lokumcu. 2007. “Flight Modeling and Experimental Autonomous Hover Control of a Fixed Wing Mini-UAV at High Angle of Attack.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6818
- DE Decker, R. W. 1966. Investigation of an Isolated Monocyclic V/STOL Propeller Performance and Oscillatory Stress. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0629647
- De Gregorio, Fabrizio, Karl-Stephane S. Rossignol, Giuseppe Ceglia, and Jianping Yin. 2024. Aerodynamic and Acoustic Investigations of Rotor-Rotor Wake Interaction. https://doi.org/10.55037/lxlaser.21st.221
- de Matteis, Guido, Luciano Μ. de Socio, and Alexander Leonessa. 1998. “Optimal Inverse Analysis of Vectored Thrust Maneuvering.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 15 (3). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.1998.15.3.165
- de Paula, Camila, Guilherme Fernandes, and Victor Maldonado. 2025. “Aerodynamic Simulations of a Blended Fan-in-Wing Body VTOL Configuration for Optimal and Efficient Flight Transition.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3764. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3764
- de Plinval, Henry, and Laurent Burlion. 2015. “Nonlinear Visual Servoing Control for VTOL UAVs with Field of View Constraint.” In Advances in Aerospace Guidance, Navigation and Control. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17518-8_31
- De Ponti, Tomaso Maria Luigi, Simon Franz Hafner, Ewoud Jan Jacob Smeur, and Bart Diane Walter Remes. 2025. “Actuator Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Systems with Heterogeneous Actuator Dynamics: A Superior Alternative to Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5399001
- de Vries, Reynard, Nando van Arnhem, Francesco Avallone, et al. 2019a. “Aerodynamic Interaction between an over-the-Wing Propeller and the Wing Boundary-Layer in Adverse Pressure Gradients.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3035. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3035
- de Vries, Pieter S., and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2019. “Reinforcement Learning-Based Control Allocation for the Innovative Control Effectors Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0144
- de Vries, Reynard, and Roelof Vos. 2022. “Aerodynamic Performance Benefits of over-the-Wing Distributed Propulsion for Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0128
- De Wagter, Christophe, and Joost Meulenbeld. 2019. “Modeling the Unstable DelftaCopter Vertical Take-off and Landing Tailsitter Unmanned Air Vehicle in Hover and Forward Flight from Flight Test Data.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11: 1756829319880302. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829319880302
- Deal, P. L., J. F. Garren Jr., and J. R. Kelly. 1967. Flight Investigation of V/STOL Height- Control Requirements for Hovering and Low- Speed Flight under Visual Conditions. NASA-TN-D-3977. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670015729
- Debry, Benoit, Narayanan Komerath, Shiuh-Guang Liou, J. Caplin, and Jason Lenakos. 1992. “Measurements of the Unsteady Vortex Flow over a Wing-Body at Angle of Attack.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2729. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2729
- Decker, William A., Richard S. Bray, Rickey C. Simmons, and George E. Tucker. 1993. “Evaluation of Two Cockpit Display Concepts for Civil Tiltrotor Instrument Operations on Steep Approaches.” In Piloting Vertical Flight Aircraft: A Conference on Flying Qualities and Human Factors. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940008850
- Decker, William A., Douglas Isleib, and John Johns. 1989. “A Simulator Investigation of Air-to-Air Combat Maneuvering for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In National Technical Specialists’’ Meeting on Tactical V/STOL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900051486
- Deckert, W. H. 1977. “Moving V/STOL from Technology to System.” Astronautics and Aeronautics 15. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780032784
- Deckert, W. H. 1979. Recent V/STOL Aircraft Designs. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790063595
- Deckert, W. H., S. O. Dickinson, and V. R. Page. 1964. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests of Descent Performance of an Airplane Model with a Tilt Wing and Differential Propeller Thrust. NASA-TN-D-1857. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640021081
- Deckert, W. H., S. O. Dickinson, and V. R. Page. 1968. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of an Airplane Model with a Tilt Wing of Aspect Ratio 8.4, and Four Propellers, in the Presence of a Ground Plane. NASA-TN-D-4493. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680010901
- Deckert, W. H., and J. A. Franklin. 1985. “Powered-Lift Technology on the Threshold.” Aerospace America 23. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860029507
- Deckert, W. H., and D. H. Hickey. 1967. Summary and Analysis of Related Feasibility- Study Designs of V/STOL Transport Aircraft. AIAA PAPER 67-938. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670064299
- Deckert, W. H., and C. A. Holzhauser. 1973. “Evaluation of V/STOL Research Aircraft Design.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740028807
- Deckert, W. H., and J. L. McCloud III. 1968. Considerations of the Stopped Rotor V/STOL Concept. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680037430
- Deckert, W. H., and L. S. Rolls. 1974. “Integrated Propulsion/energy Transfer Control Systems for Lift-Fan V/STOL Aircraft.” In AGARD V(STOL Propulsion Systems. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740012303
- Deere, Karen, Bobby Berrier, Jeffrey Flamm, and Stuart Johnson. 2003. “Computational Study of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Using Separation Control in a Nozzle.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3803. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3803
- Deere, Karen, Bobby Berrier, Jeffrey Flamm, and Stuart Johnson. 2005. “A Computational Study of a Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Concept.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3502. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3502
- Deere, Karen, Jeffrey Flamm, Bobby Berrier, and Stuart Johnson. 2007. “Computational Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for a Supersonic Aircraft Application.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5085. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5085
- Deere, Karen A., Jeffrey K. Viken, Sally Viken, Melissa B. Carter, Michael Wiese, and Norma Farr. 2017. “Computational Analysis of a Wing Designed for the X-57 Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3923
- Deets, D., and L. Brown. 1986. “Wright Brothers Lectureship in Aeronautics: Experience with HiMAT Remotely Piloted Research Vehicle: An Alternate Flight Test Approach.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2754. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2754
- Defense Science Board Washington Dc. 1979. Final Report of the Defense Science Board Task Force on V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada201049
- “Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” 1997. In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-340-63200-0.50019-8
- “Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” 2007. In Flight Dynamic Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-075066927-6/50019-2
- “Definitions of Aerodynamic Stability and Control Derivatives.” 2013. In Flight Dynamics Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-098242-7.00025-0
- Dehaeze, Florent, Christian B. Allen, and George N. Barakos. 2017. “The Collaborative Development of New CFD Methods Adapted for Tilt Rotor Aircraft in the HiPerTilt Project.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3919. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3919
- Del Frate, John H. 1992. “In-Flight Flow Visualization Results from High Angle of Attack Tests on a Forward Swept Wing Aircraft with Comparisons to Water Tunnel Results.” In Flow Visualization VI. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84824-7_44
- Delbecq, Scott, Marc Budinger, Clément Coic, and Nathalie Bartoli. 2021. “Trajectory and Design Optimization of Multirotor Drones with System Simulation.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0211. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0211
- “Delta-Wing Plane Design.” 1946. Science News-Letter 50 (26): 405. https://doi.org/10.2307/3923230
- Demirkiran, Resit, and Hasan Isci. 2023. “Application of Robust Dynamic Inversion to Longitudinal Control of an Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1637. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1637
- Dendy, J., and E. Tribken. 1968. “VTOL Flight Control in 1980.” In Aircraft Design for 1980’s Operations Meeting. AIAA 1968-192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-192
- Deneke, Joseph A., and Darius Carter. 2025. “Rotor Aerodynamics in Boundary Layer Flow with Ground Effect.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1266. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1266
- Deng, Yangping. 2019. “Experimental Investigation on Ground Effect of Ducted Fan System for VTOL UAV.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3305-7_128
- Deng, Wentong, Yun Peng, Guoyi He, Xinxin Ouyang, and Binghua Xie. 2026. “Study on Aerodynamic Interference in Helicopter Mode of a Tiltwing Aircraft.” Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 11 (01): 1–19. https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2026.111001
- Deng, Jinlai, Yunjie Yang, Wenan Liao, Jihong Zhu, Xiangyang Wang, and Chenzhou Xu. 2025. “An Aerodynamic Characterization of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Wings Based on Wind Tunnel Tests.” Physics of Fluids 37 (8): 087101. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0278774
- Denham, Casey L., and D. Bruce Owens. 2016. “Rotary Balance Wind Tunnel Testing for the FASER Flight Research Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-3105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3105
- Denham, James, and Justin Paines. 2008. “Converging on a Precision Hover Control Strategy for the F-35B STOVL Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6331
- Deniz, Sabrullah, Yufei Wu, Yang Shi, and Zhenbo Wang. 2023. “Autonomous Landing of eVTOL Vehicles via Deep Q-Networks.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4499. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4499
- Denning, R. M. 1962. “Extensions of the Lift/Thrust Engine Principle in V/STOL Aircraft.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/620308
- Denton, Hunter, Hao Kang, Moble Benedict, and Grant McCurdy. 2021. “System Identification of a Thrust-Vectoring, Coaxial-Rotor-Based Gun-Launched Micro Air Vehicle in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16706
- Derawi, Dafizal, Nurul Dayana Salim, Hairi Zamzuri, Yangi Yi, Kenzo Nonami, and Daisuke Iwakura. 2015. “A215 Image-Based Robust Hovering Control of Multirotor Aeril Robot.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2015.14 (0): 267–72. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2015.14.267
- Dermer, Dan. n.d. “Auto-Landing System for Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” PhD diss., San Jose State University. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.wtda-f4gc
- Deshpande, Vinayak, and Youmin Zhang. 2021. “Fault-Tolerant Model Predictive Control of a Fixed-Wing UAV with Actuator Fault Estimation.” Guidance, Navigation and Control 01 (04): 2140006. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721400069
- “Design and Simulation of Foldable Wing eVTOL UAV.” 2024. Academic Journal of Engineering and Technology Science 7 (4). https://doi.org/10.25236/ajets.2024.070420
- “Design Concepts for Minimizing Hot-Gas Ingestion in V/STOL Aircraft.” 1981. In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1624
- Design Definition Study of NASA/Navy Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Aircraft. 1975. NASA-CR-137727. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760011018
- “Design of Avionics System and Control Scenario of Small Hybrid Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) UAV.” 2015. Journal of Instrumentation, Automation, and Systems. https://doi.org/10.21535/1gtxmk74
- “Design of the Circulation Control Wing STOL Demonstrator Aircraft.” 1979. In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1842. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1842
- Desilets, Alexander. n.d. “Development of an Efficient Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” PhD diss., University of Rhode Island. https://doi.org/10.23860/thesis-desilets-alexander-2019
- Desopper, Andre. 1985. Rotor Wake Measurements for a Rotor in Forward Flight. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1985-4135
- “Determination of Engine Power in Flight.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0053.0062
- Detore, J., and T. Gaffey. 1969. “The Stopped-Rotor Variant of the Proprotor VTOL Aircraft.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-220. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-220
- Deutsch, Stephen. 2006. UAV Operator Human Performance Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada464246
- Deveaux, G. D. 1965. Component Testing XV-9A Hot Cycle Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0627361
- DeVore, Michael, Jared Cooper, Andy Wallington, et al. 2022. Run Time Assurance for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft. NASA/CR-20210026909. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210026909
- Dewispelare, A., and R. Stager. 1981. “Investigation of Landing Gear Alternatives for High Performance Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1639. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1639
- Di Carlo, D. J., J. F. Garren Jr., J. R. Kelly, and R. W. Sommer. 1971. Flight Investigation of VTOL Control and Display Concept for Performing Decelerating Approaches to an Instrument Hover. NASA-TN-D-6108. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710007109
- Di Carlo, D. J., J. R. Kelly, and R. W. Sommer. 1968. Flight Investigation to Determine the Effect of Longitudinal Characteristics on Low-Speed Instrument Operation. NASA-TN-D-4364. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680009715
- Di Francesco, Gabriele, Massimiliano Mattei, and Egidio D’Amato. 2014. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Control Allocation for a Tilt Rotor UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2014-0963. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0963
- Dias, Joaquim N. 2016. “Nonlinear Lifting-Line Algorithm for Unsteady and Post-Stall Conditions.” In 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2016-4164. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4164
- Dias, Joaquim N., and Fabio Almeida. 2013. “High Angle of Attack Model Identification without Air Flow Angle Measurements.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. AIAA 2013-4980. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4980
- Diaz, Carlos J. Sanchez. 2007. Predicting the Blast of Lunar Soil under a Rocket’s Exhaust Jet. KSC-2007-171. Universidad del Turabo. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20120000015
- Diaz, Patricia Ventura, and Seokkwan Yoon. n.d. “High-Fidelity Simulations of a Quadrotor Vehicle for Urban Air Mobility.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition 2022. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210025805
- Dicarlo, D. J. 1971. “The Lateral/directional Stability Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing V/STOL Model in Low-Speed Steep Descent.” PhD diss., NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740024326
- Dicarlo, Daniel, Philip Brown, and James Hallissy. 1992. “Flight Test Operations Using an F-106B Research Airplane Modified with a Wing Leading-Edge Vortex Flap.” In 6th AIAA Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1992-4094. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4094
- Dicarlo, D. J., N. R. Driscoll, and J. F. Garren Jr. 1966. Flight Investigation of an on-off Control for V/STOL Aircraft under Visual Conditions. NASA-TN-D-3436. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660018747
- Dicarlo, D., and J. Johnson Jr. 1979. “Exploratory Study of the Influence of Wing Leading-Edge Modifications on the Spin Characteristics of a Low-Wing Single-Engine General Aviation Airplane.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1837
- Dickinson, S. O., L. P. Hall, and B. K. Hodder. 1971. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Large-Scale V/STOL Transport Model with Tandem Lift Fans Mounted at Mid-Semispan of the Wing. NASA-TN-D-6234. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009083
- Dickmanns, E. D., and F.-R. Schell. 1992. “Autonomous Landing of Airplanes by Dynamic Machine Vision.” In [1992] Proceedings IEEE Workshop on Applications of Computer Vision. IEEE Comput. Soc. Press. https://doi.org/10.1109/acv.1992.240314
- Didomenico, E., and D. Biezad. 1985. “Loop Separation Parameter for Landing Flying Qualities.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1788. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1788
- Diedrich, J. 1971. “Wind Tunnel Tests of a Wing-Installed Model VTOL Lift Fan with Coaxial Drive Turbine.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-742. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-742
- Diedrich, J. H. 1975. “Summary of Model VTOL Lift Fan Tests Conducted at NASA Lewis Research Center.” In U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Workshop on Prediction Methods for Jet V/STOL Propulsion Aerodynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750058001
- Diedrich, J. H., J. L. Hassell Jr., D. H. Hickey, R. W. Luidens, N. D. Sanders, and W. L. Stewart. 1971. V/STOL Propulsion. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009981
- Diekmann, Jobst H. 2017. “Flight Mechanical Challenges of STOL Aircraft Using Active High-Lift.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3561. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3561
- Difranco, D. 1969. “Higher-Order Control System Dynamics and Longitudinal Handling Qualities.” In AIAA Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-768. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-768
- “Digital Engine Control for V/STOL and V/TOL Aircraft.” 1982. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 54 (9): 19–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035820
- Dikbaş, D., E. Güneş, G. Koçak, and M. M. Yavuz. 2025. “Effect of Bio-Inspired Leading-Edge Modifications on Aerodynamic Performance of a Non-Slender Delta Wing.” Aeronautical Journal 130 (1343): 103–14. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2025.10071
- Dikshit, Abhijnan, Tom Stokkermans, Shawn Lim, and James Wang. 2022. “Effect of Lifting Surface and Tail Configuration on the Aerodynamics and Flight Mechanics of VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17483
- Dillenius, M. F. E., and M. R. Mendenhall. 1979. Theoretical Analysis of an Augmentor Wing for a VTOL Fighter. NASA-CR-152254. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010492
- Dinca, Liviu, Jenica-Ileana Corcau, and Dionis Cumpan. 2019. “Canard UAV Improvement Using Vectored Thrust.” Scientific Research and Education in the AIR Force 21 (1): 121–25. https://doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2019.21.17
- Ding, Zhendong, Jiulong Xu, Yikai Bai, Yongping Hao, and Zhiquan Liu. 2026. “Cascade PID Hover Stabilization for Gun-Launched Foldable Quadrotor UAVs.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3209 (1): 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3209/1/012012
- Dingle, Lloyd, and Mike Tooley. 2026. “Aircraft Aerodynamics and Flight Controls.” In Aircraft Engineering Principles. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003568926-8
- Dixon, Charles. 2001. “Analytical Prediction of Airplane Aerodynamic Characteristics for Pre and Post-Stall Conditions.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2442. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2442
- Do, Duc Khac. 2014b. “Global Tracking Control of Quadrotor VTOL Aircraft in Three-Dimensional Space.” IAES International Journal of Robotics and Automation (IJRA) 3 (1). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijra.v3i1.3819
- Doan, Justin. 2023. “eVTOL and Flying Car Technology Simplified with a Tire-Propeller Hybrid.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.58445/rars.660
- Dobos-Bubno, S., and Larry B. Hartsook. 1977. Validation of MIL-F-9490D: General Specification for Flight Control System for Piloted Military Aircraft. Volume II. YF-17 Lightweight Fighter Validation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada062008
- Dollinger, Daniel, Valentin A. Marvakov, and Florian Holzapfel. 2021b. “Increasing Operator Situational Awareness during Transition Procedures for Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV Operations.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1179. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1179
- Dollinger, Daniel, Philipp Reiss, Jorg Angelov, David Löbl, and Florian Holzapfel. 2021a. “Control Inceptor Design for Onboard Piloted Transition VTOL Aircraft Considering Simplified Vehicle Operation.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1896. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1896
- Doman, David B. 1995. Interactive Flying Qualities Toolbox for MATLAB User’s Guide, Volume 1, Short Term Pitch Response Criteria and Modified Optimal Control Pilot Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada305053
- Doman, David. 1999. “Optimal Control Pilot Modeling for Resolving Cooper-Harper Rating Discrepancies.” In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1999-4091. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4091
- Doman, David, and D. Andrisani III. 1994. “Use of a Laboratory Tilt Rotor Aircraft to Develop Practical Knowledge of Flying Qualities Issues.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3696. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3696
- Doman, David, and Michael Oppenheimer. 2002. “Improving Control Allocation Accuracy for Nonlinear Aircraft Dynamics.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4667. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4667
- Donaldson, Coleman duP., Richard S. Snedeker, and David P. Margolis. 1966. A Study of the Mean and Turbulent Structure of a Free Jet and Jet Impingement Heat Transfer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0656592
- Donaldson, Coleman Dup., Richard S. Snedeker, and David P. Margolis. 1971. “A Study of Free Jet Impingement. Part 2. Free Jet Turbulent Structure and Impingement Heat Transfer.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 45 (3): 477–512. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022112071000156
- Donateo, Teresa, and Hasan Çinar. 2022. “Conceptual Design and Sizing Optimization Based on Minimum Energy Consumption of Lift-Cruise Type eVTOL Aircraft Powered by Battery and Fuel Cell for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2385 (1): 012072. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2385/1/012072
- Dong, Yizhang, Zhiwei Shi, Kun Chen, and Jie Chen. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Sideslip on Canard-Configuration Aircraft at High Angle of Attack.” AIP Advances 9 (5): 055114. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5093559
- Donmez, Birsen, A. S. Brzezinski, Hudson Graham, and M. L. Cummings. 2008. Modified Cooper Harper Scales for Assessing Unmanned Vehicle Displays. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada531512
- Dony, Md Nur-A-Adam, and Md Azizul Islam. 2026. “Transition Control of a Quadplane VTOL Certified on a Flight-Identified Model: Polytopic Lyapunov Synthesis and a Bypassable Barrier Filter on the PX4 Stack.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7478050
- Dooher, Jack, Moble Benedict, and Reuben-Wayne Stewart. 2026. “On the Ballistic Tube-Launch of a Tailsitter Unmanned Aerial System.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0205
- Dooley, L. W., and R. D. Yeary. 1979. Flight Test Evaluation of the High Inertia Rotor System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada071648
- Dorange, Alexis, Christophe Benoit, and Eric Garnier. 2024. “High Fidelity Computational Aerodynamics of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Propeller.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5009867
- Dorr, D. W., E. Moralez III, and V. K. Merrick. 1992. “Simulation and Flight Test Evaluation of Head-up-Display Guidance for Harrier Approach Transitions.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930029334
- Dos Santos, Dioser, Jack Hicks, Guilherme Dufflis, Michael Cheon, and Victor Maldonado. 2024. “Computational and Experimental Aerodynamics of an E-VTOL Aircraft with Distributed Underwing Ducted Fan Propulsion and Boundary Layer Ingestion.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4512. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4512
- Dou, Jingxin, and Bangchun Wen. 2022. “An Adaptive Robust Attitude Tracking Control of Quadrotor UAV with the Modified Rodrigues Parameter.” Measurement and Control 55 (9–10): 1167–79. https://doi.org/10.1177/00202940221100543
- Dougherty, J. 1966. “Balance Bridging Techniques Associated with Powered Low Speed Wind Tunnel Models.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-751
- Dougherty, D. 1968. Advances in V/STOL Cockpit Information. Bell Helicopter Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690014874
- Douglas, Chris, Andrew Ellis, R. Kyle Schmidt, and Ilyong Kim. 2021. “Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Aircraft Landing Gear.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3023. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3023
- Douglas, Randal, Steven Mackler, and Jason Speyer. 1990. “Robust Hover Control for a Short Takeoff/vertical Landing Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3333
- Douglass, M. E. 1963. Turbojet Engine Analyzer Design Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0406348
- Dragos Daniel, Ion Guta, Gheorma Cristian-Tudor, Pascale Catalin, Berceanu Radu, and Neagu Mihai. 2026. “Flight Control System for Ultra-Light Aircraft Conversion to VTOL Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202601.0351.v1
- Drennen, T., and B. Bowen. 1984. “Integrated Cockpit Design for the Army Helicopter Improvement Program.” In Technical Workshop: Advanced Helicopter Cockpit Design Concepts. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850006507
- Drewiacki, Daniel, Flavio J. Silvestre, and Antonio B. Guimaraes Neto. 2016. “Influence of Aircraft Flexibility on Frequency Domain Handling Qualities Criteria.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-3539. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3539
- Driggers, H. H., S. A. Powers, and R. T. Roush. 1982. Study of Aerodynamic Technology for Single-Cruise Engine V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft. NASA-CR-166271. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840020668
- Drinkwater, F. J., W. F. Rollins, and L. S. Rolls. 1963. The Use of a Jet Propelled VTOL Aircraft to Investigate Lunar Landing Trajectories. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630019805
- Drinkwater, F. J., III. 1960. Operational Technique for Transition of Several Types of v STOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004816
- Drinkwater, Fred J., III. 1961. Operational Technique for Transition of Several Types of V/Stol Aircraft. NASA/TN-D-774. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040047154
- Drinkwater, F. J., III, R. C. Innis, and L. S. Rolls. 1965a. Effects of Lateral Control Characteristics on Hovering a Jet Lift Vtol Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-2701. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650009016
- Drinkwater, F. J., III, D. G. Koenig, and L. S. Rolls. 1965b. Flight Investigation of the Aerodynamic Properties of an Ogee Wing. NASA-TN-D-3071. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003728
- Drinkwater, F. J., III, H. C. Quigley, L. S. Rolls, and H. L. Turner. 1964. V/stol Handling Qualities as Determined by Flight Test and Simulation Techniques. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650032844
- Drinkwater, F. J., III, and L. S. Rolls. 1962. Use of the Variable Stability and Control X-14A to Determine Attitude Control Power and Damping Requirements for a Visual Hovering Task in a VTOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620002530
- Drinkwater, F. J., III, and L. S. Rolls. 1963. A Flight Evaluation of Lunar Landing Trajectories Using a Jet VTOL Test Vehicle. NASA-TN-D-1649. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630002717
- Drinkwater, F., III, and L. Rolls. 1965. “Flight Experience with the OGEE Wing at Low Speed.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-782. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-782
- Driscoll, Norman R. 1966. “The Effect of a Light Aircraft Stability Augmentation System on Pilot Performance.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/660220
- Driscoll, T., R. Stockdale, and F. Schelke. 1975. “Determination of Aerodynamic Coupling Derivatives through Flight Test.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1975-1119. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1119
- Driver, C., and M. L. Spearman. 1961. Stability and Control Characteristics at a Mach Number of 2.01 of a Supersonic VTOL Airplane Model Having a Broad Fuselage and Small Delta Wings. NASA-TM-X-441. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630006264
- Droandi, Giovanni, Monica Syal, and Geoffrey Bower. 2018. “Tiltwing Multi-Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling in Hover, Transition and Cruise Flight Conditions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12674
- Droandi, Giovanni, Alex Zanotti, G. Gibertini, Gabriele Campanardi, and Donato Grassi. 2014. “Experimental Investigation on a 1/4 Scaled Model of an High-Performance Tiltwing Aircraft in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9439
- Droandi, G., A. Zanotti, G. Gibertini, D. Grassi, and G. Campanardi. 2015. “Experimental Investigation of the Rotor-Wing Aerodynamic Interaction in a Tiltwing Aircraft in Hover.” Aeronautical Journal 119 (1215): 591–612. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000010708
- Duan, Franklin L. 2022. “An RDF Jet Engine for 20-Passenger Electric Plane and for VTOL of Commercial Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3654. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3654
- Duan, Zhong Zhe, Pei Qing Liu, and Chuan Li. 2012. “Numerical Research on Flow Field Characteristics within the Slipstream of a Propeller.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 224: 55–60. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.224.55
- “Ducted Fans for Vertical Take-off: Details of the Chance Vought System of Air Deflexion and Modulation Utilizing Turbojets and Articulated Flaps.” 1960. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 32 (12): 363–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb033340
- Dudley, Michael R. 2016. “Large-Scale V/STOL Experimental Investigations of an Ejector-Lift Fighter and a Twin Tilt-Nacelle Transport.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160011546
- Dudley, Michael R., James E. Eshleman, and Charles J. Schell. 1986. Full-Scale Ground Effects of Twin Impinging Jets beneath a Subsonic Tactical V/STOL Aircraft. AIAA PAPER 86-2704. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870041351
- Dudley, M., M. Falarski, A. Pisano, and W. Hill. 1981. “Ground Effect Hover Characteristics of a Large-Scale Twin Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Model.” In AIAA and NASA Ames VSTOL Conference. AIAA 1981-2609. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2609
- Dugan, Daniel C. 2014. “Trust Control of VTOL Aircraft Part Deux.” In Decennial AHS Aeromechanics Specialists’’ Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140008647
- Dugan, J. F., Jr., R. P. Krebs, K. C. Civinskas, and R. C. Evans. 1971. Preliminary Study of an Air Generator-Remote Lift Fan Propulsion System for VTOL Transports. NASA-TM-X-67916. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710025731
- Dugas, R. E. 1968. Gas Turbine Engine Power Augmentation and Emergency Rating. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0675438
- Duggan, Lauren, Perry Comeau, Mark White, and Christopher Dadswell. 2025. “Development of a New Pilot Workload Rating Scale.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0180
- Duggan, Lauren, Mark White, and Perry Comeau. 2026. “Comeau-Duggan Pilot Workload Index: Data Analysis.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0220
- Duivenvoorden, Ramon, Noah Suard, Tomas Sinnige, and Leo L. Veldhuis. 2022. “Experimental Investigation of Aerodynamic Interactions of a Wing with Deployed Fowler Flap under Influence of a Propeller Slipstream.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3216
- Dukes, Theodor A. 1969. “An Integrated Display Concept for Helicopters and VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f25-010
- Dukes, Theodor A. 1970. Feedback Control of VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0871424
- Dukes, Theodor, and Charles R. Hargraves. 1962. Stability Augmentation of Ground Effect Machines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0275159
- Duncan, John, Bernard Ferrier, and David Ludwig. 2006. “Improved VTOL UAV Shipboard Suitability by Autonomous Deck Recovery Operations.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-097
- Dungan, G., and C. Clark. 1994. “Flight Testing Large Lateral Asymmetries on Highly Augmented Fighter/attack Aircraft.” In Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1994-2138. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2138
- duPont, Anthony, and Anthony duPont. 1997. “Full Scale Test of a Transport Aircraft Thrust Vectoring System.” In 1997 World Aviation Congress. AIAA 1997-5549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-5549
- Durak, Umut, Torsten Gerlach, Anil Ozturk, Volkan Kargin, Hakan Aydemir, and Ugur Zengin. 2016. “Flight Simulator Model Integration for Supporting Pilot-in-the-Loop Testing in Model-Based Rotorcraft Design.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2016-4004. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4004
- Durbin, David B., and Jamison S. Hicks. 2009. AH-64D Apache Longbow Aircrew Workload Assessment for Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) Employment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada494123
- Durham, Wayne. 1994. “Control Stick Logic in High Angle-of-Attack Maneuvering.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3683. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3683
- Durston, D., and J. Schreiner. 1983. “High Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamics of a Strake-Canard-Wing V/STOL Fighter Configuration.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2510
- Durston, D., and S. Smith. 1981. “Lift-Enhancing Surfaces on Several Advanced V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft Concepts.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1675. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1675
- Dutta, Airin, Michael E. McKay, Fotis Kopsaftopoulos, and Farhan Gandhi. 2019. “Fault Detection and Identification for Multirotor Aircraft by Data-Driven Statistical Learning Methods.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4503
- DuWaldt, F. A. 1966. Wakes of Lifting Propellers (Rotors) in Ground Effect. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0643159
- Dyatmika, W. W., E. Amalia, and F. Hartono. 2023. “Transition Performance Analysis of Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2981. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0181429
- Dyke, Raymond W. 1963. An Investigation of the over Water Aspects of VTOL Airplances at High Disc Loading. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0601151
- “Dynamic Lateral-Directional Stability Theory and Flight Test Methods.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0311.0322
- “Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Flight Test Methods and Data Reduction.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0247.0254
- “Dynamic Longitudinal Stability Theory.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0235.0246
- “Dynamic Scaling.” 2014. In Critical Dynamics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139046213.005
- Dzanic, Tarik, and Luigi Martinelli. 2019. “Higher-Order Implicit Large Eddy Simulations of a VFE-2 Delta Wing.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0276. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0276
- Dziubiński, Adam, and Witold Klimczyk. 2026. “CFD Comparison of Selected Distributed Propulsion Configurations for an Inverted-Joined-Wing Airplane.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2026 (2): 139–51. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2026-0012
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. n.d.-a. Advanced Ducted Propulsor in-Flight Thrust Determination. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air5450
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. n.d.-b. In-Flight Thrust Determination for Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air6007
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. n.d.-c. Propeller/Propfan in-Flight Thrust Determination. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air4065
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. n.d.-d. Time-Dependent in-Flight Thrust Determination. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air5020
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. n.d.-e. Uncertainty of in-Flight Thrust Determination. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/air1678a
- E-33 In Flight Propulsion Measurement Committee. 2004. In-Flight Thrust Determination. https://doi.org/10.4271/air1703
- Earl, T. Desmond. 1967. Air Cushion Landing Gear Feasibility Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0817527
- Eatough, R. 1971. “Jet Tab Thrust Vector Control System Demonstration.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-752. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-752
- Eccles, E. 1983. “Comparison of an Experience with Full Authority Digital Engine Controls in Rotary Wing and Jet-Lift VSTOL Aircraft.” In 19th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1983-1241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1241
- Edenborough, H., T. Gaffey, and J. Weiberg. 1972. “Analyses and Tests Confirm Design of Proprotor Aircraft.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-803. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-803
- Edmunds, R., and J. Vangaasbeek. 1984. “Pilot Modeling and Control Augmentation for the XV-15 in in-Ground-Effect Hover.” In 17th Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1984-1892. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1892
- Edwards, J. 1972. “Flight-Test Experience in Digital Control of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1972-883. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-883
- Edwards, Phillip T., Philip R. Fittante, Tony DeLiberato, Steven P. Snyder, and Thomas W. Yarger. 1997. Limited Handling Qualities Evaluation of Augmented Longitudinal Flight Control Systems Designed with State-Space Optimization Techniques (HAVE INFINITY). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada325252
- “Effects of Modes of Cockpit Automation on Pilot Performance and Workload in a Next Generation Flight Concept of Operation.” 2016. In Advances in Cognitive Ergonomics. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/ebk1439834916-52
- Efremov, Alexander, Alexander Ogloblin, and Alexander Koshelenko. 1998. “Evaluation and Prediction of Aircraft Handling Qualities.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4145
- Efremov, Alexander V., Alexander I. Shcherbakov, Fedor A. Korzun, and Vladislav A. Prodanik. 2022. “Prospective Means for the Aircraft Pilot Induced Oscillation Suppression.” Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta 29 (1): 201–10. https://doi.org/10.34759/vst-2022-1-201-210
- Eftekhari, Shahrooz, and Abdulkareem Sh. Mahdi Al-Obaidi. 2019. “Investigation of a NACA0012 Finite Wing Aerodynamics at Low Reynold’s Numbers and 0º to 90º Angle of Attack.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management. https://doi.org/10.5028/jatm.v11.1023
- Egerton, Harry S., and James E. Fitzpatrick. 1967. The Model K-I6B V/STOL Research Amphibious Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0674529
- Egolf, T., Brian Wake, and Charles Berezin. 2000. “Recent Rotor Wake Simulation and Modeling Studies at United Technologies Corporation.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-115. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-115
- Egorov, I. N., G. V. Kretinin, and I. A. Leshchenko. 1997. “Multicriteria Optimization of Time Control Laws of Short Take-Off and Vertical Landing Aircraft Power Plant.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-263
- Ehab Safwat, Weiguo Zhang, Ahmed Kamel, and Mohamed Kassem. 2020. “Robustness Analysis of Modified Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Small UAVs.” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 54 (2): 128–38. https://doi.org/10.3103/s0146411620020078
- Ehrich, F., and H. Glessner. 1964. “Design and Development of the t64 Turboprop/ Turboshaft Engine for Operation in V/stol Attitude.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-174. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-174
- Eigenmann, M. F., and R. O. Bailey. 1977. “Development of the Propulsion Simulator: A Test Tool Applicable to V/STOL Configurations.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780039914
- Eilers, Shannnon, Wilson Matthew, and Stephen Whitmore. 2010. “Analytical and Experimental Evaluation of Aerodynamic Thrust Vectoring on an Aerospike Nozzle.” In 46th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2010-6964. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-6964
- Eilers, Shannon, Matthew Wilson, Stephen Whitmore, and Zachary Peterson. 2011. “Side Force Amplification on an Aerodynamically Thrust Vectored Aerospike Nozzle.” In 47th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2011-5531. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5531
- Eilertson, Warren H. 1975a. “Remotely Piloted Vehicle/Vertical Attitude Take-Off and Landing Demonstration Vehicle.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 31 - Washington, D.C. 1975. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f31-038
- Eilertson, Warren H. 1975b. “Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Remotely Piloted Demonstration Vehicle.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/751103
- Eisler, Cheryl. n.d. “Multidisciplinary Optimization of Conceptual Aircraft Design.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2004-05725
- Ekaterinaris, J., and Lewis Schiff. 1990. “Numerical Simulation of the Effects of Variation of Angle of Attack and Sweep Angle on Vortex Breakdown over Delta Wings.” In 8th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1990-3000. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3000
- Ekquist, Donald G. 1965. Design and Wind Tunnel Test of a Model Helicopter Rotor Having an Independently Movable Inboard Blade Panel. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0623129
- Elanchezhian, Saravanan, and G. Anitha. 2023. “Software in-Loop Simulation of a Quad Tilt Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Transition Control.” Transactions of FAMENA 47 (1): 21–36. https://doi.org/10.21278/tof.471033221
- Eldred, Wendell E. 1953. “Landing Gear Design as Applied to Modern Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/530157
- Eldridge, W. M., J. A. Ferrell, J. W. McKee, J. E. Wayne Jr., and J. M. Zabinsky. 1973. Conceptual Design Studies of Candidate V/STOL Lift Fan Commercial Short Haul Transport for 1980: 1985 V/STOL Lift Fan Study. NASA-CR-2183. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730009311
- Elenin, D. V. 2021. “Creation of an Experimental Control Body (Elevon) in the «Flying Wing» Aerodynamic Scheme.” System analysis and logistics 2 (28): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.31799/2077-5687-2021-2-26-32
- Elliott, D., and C. Schreiber. 1964. “Improving the Stability of Hovering Aircraft.” In AIAA and Canadian Aeronautics and Space Institute, Joint Meeting. AIAA 1964-805. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-805
- Ellis, N. 1966. “Theory and Computer Study of a Wing in a Slipstream.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-466. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-466
- Ellis, R. A., and W. J. Kearney. 1982. Hot Ball and Socket Thrust Vector Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb064268
- Ellis, Kyle K., Lawrence J. Prinzel, Misty D. Davies, et al. 2023. “An in-Time Aviation Safety Management System (IASMS) Concept of Operations for Vertiport Design and Operations.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3965. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3965
- Elsaadawy, Ehab, and Colin Britcher. 2000. “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Propeller Slipstream on Boundary Layer Behavior at Low Reynolds Number.” In 18th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2000-4123. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4123
- Elsaadawy, Ehab, and Colin Britcher. 2002. “Experimental Study of the Effect of Propeller Slipstream on the Extent of the Boundary Layer on a Laminar Flow Airfoil.” In 20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2002-2930. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-2930
- Elsaadawy, Ehab, and Colin Britcher. 2004. “Physical Model of a Propeller Slipstream Interacting with a Boundary Layer at Low Reynolds Number.” In AIAA 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Technical Conference, Workshop and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-6590. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6590
- Elsayed, Mohamed, F. Scarano, and Nick Verhaagen. 2007. “Particle Image Velocimetry Study of the Flow over a Slender Delta Wing.” In 25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2007-4451. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-4451
- ElSharkawy, Ezzeldin, Vitor T. Valente, Joel S. Rachaprolu, and Eric Greenwood. 2024. “Calibration of an Air Data System for Small Multirotor Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4393. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4393
- Ema, Tetsuo, and Yukio Mizukura. 1999. “On Improvement of Handling Qualities of VTOL Aircraft at Hovering by Cooperative Control.” Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 35 (2): 97–107. https://doi.org/10.5100/jje.35.97
- Ema, Tetsuo, Yukio Mizukura, and Hiroyuki Hatanaka. 1997. “On a Consideration of Pilot Induced Oscillation in Aircraft Handling Qualities.” Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 33 (Supplement): 136–37. https://doi.org/10.5100/jje.33.supplement_136
- Emami, Seyyed Ali, and Amin Rezaeizadeh. 2018. “Adaptive Model Predictive Control-Based Attitude and Trajectory Tracking of a VTOL Aircraft.” IET Control Theory & Applications 12 (15): 2031–42. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2017.1048
- Emerson, Samantha, Luke Waggenspack, Caitlan A. Rizzardo, et al. 2023. How Simple Is Simple? Measuring Learning Trajectories in Emerging VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-97
- Emslie, K. 1965. “Wind Tunnel Tests on Models of V.T.O. AIRCRAFT.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-720. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-720
- Emslie, K. 1966. “Wind Tunnel Test on Models of V.T.O. Aircraft: A Description of the Wind Tunnel Facility for Y.T.O.L. Testing at Warton Airfield.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 38 (6): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034155
- “Energy Approach to Performance Flight Testing.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0143.0151
- Eney, J. 1967. “Navy Variable Stability Studies of Longitudinal Handling Qualities.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-576
- Engelland, Shawn. 1991. “Evaluation of the Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristicsof a Mixed-Flow Remote-Lift STOVL Aircraft in Transition and Hover.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3185. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3185
- Englar, Robert J., and Douglas G. Kirkpatrick. 1969. Parametric Trade-off Analysis for Tilting Free Propulsor V/STOL Aircraft in Equilibrium Transition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0703669
- Englar, R., L. Trobaugh, and R. Hemmerly. 1977. “Development of the Circulation Control Wing to Provide STOL Potential for High Performance Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-578. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-578
- English, R. B., K. R. Marsh, and J. J. Santamaria. 1966. A Study of V/STOL Concepts for Short-Haul Transportation Use. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660063601
- Enns, Dale. 1990. “Robustness of Dynamic Inversion vs Mu Synthesis: Lateral-Directional Flight Control Example.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3338
- Enns, Dale. 2003. Robust Flight Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada411755
- “Equations of Motion.” 2001. In Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861857.0103.0125
- “Equations of Motion for Hover and Forward Flight.” 2002. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0031.0050
- ERC V/STOL Program Flight Test Plan. H-19 Flight Program Phases 1A and 1B, Wallops Station, Virginia. 1968. NASA-TM-X-66494. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710002769
- Erdem, Erinc, Kahraman Albayrak, and Tugrul Tinaztepe. 2006. “Parametric Study of Secondary Gas Injection into a Conical Rocket Nozzle for Thrust Vectoring.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-4942. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-4942
- Erhard, Racheal M., and Juan J. Alonso. 2022. “A Comparison of Propeller Wake Models for Distributed Electric Propulsion and eVTOL Aircraft in Complex Flow Conditions.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1676
- Erhard, Racheal M., and Juan J. Alonso. 2024a. “Multi-Fidelity Bayesian Optimization of a Coaxial Rotor for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2506
- Erhard, Racheal M., and Juan Jose Alonso. 2024b. “A Quasi-Prescribed Vortex Wake Method Capturing Rotor Wake Distortion.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1116
- Erhard, Racheal M., Matthew A. Clarke, and Juan J. Alonso. 2021. “A Low-Cost Aero-Propulsive Analysis of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1200
- Erickson, G. 1980. “Effects of Non-Planar Strake-Wing on the Vortex Lift Characteristicsof a Twin-Jet Fighter Configuration.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-329. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-329
- Erickson, Gary E., and Daniel G. Murri. 1993. Wind Tunnel Investigations of Forebody Strakes for Yaw Control on F/A-18 Model at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds. NASA-TP-3360. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940012100
- Erickson, J. C., Jr. 1962. A Theory for Unsteady Motions of Jet-Flapped Thin Airfoils. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0407504
- Erickson Jr. and John C. 1969. Theoretical and Experimental Investigations of V/STOL Propeller Operation in a Static Condition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0864117
- Erickson Jr., Ladden John C., Borst Richard M., Ordway Henry V., and Donald E. 1965. A Theory for VTOL Propeller Operation in a Static Condition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0623527
- Ericsson, Lars. 1995a. “Delta Wing Vortex Breakdown Dynamics.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-367
- Ericsson, Lars. 1995b. “Wing Rock Analysis of Slender Delta Wings: Review and Extension.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-317. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-317
- Ericsson, Lars. 1996a. “Analysis of the Effect of Sideslip on Delta Wing Roll Trim Characteristics.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-788. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-788
- Ericsson, Lars. 1996b. “Effect of Angle of Attack on Roll Characteristics of 65 Deg Delta Wing.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3443. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3443
- Ericsson, Lars. 1996c. “Effect of Pitch Rate on Delta Wing Vortex Characteristics.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3405. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3405
- Ericsson, Lars. 1998b. “Wing Rock of Slender Delta Wings in Light of Recent Investigations.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-498. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-498
- Ericsson, Lars. 1999. “Complex Angular Amplitude and Frequency Effects on Delta Wing Unsteady Aerodynamics.” In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1999-4009. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4009
- Ericsson, Lars. 2000a. “Further Analysis of Fuselage Effects on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-981. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-981
- Ericsson, Lars. 2000b. “Wing Rock of Non-Slender Delta Wings.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-137
- Ericsson, L. 2002. “Multifaceted Influence of Fuselage Geometry on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-96. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-96
- Ericsson, L., and M. Beyers. 2002. “High-Alpha Aerodynamics of a Slender Tailless Aircraft.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-94. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-94
- Ericsson, Lars, and Lars Ericsson. 1997a. “Delta Wing Vortex Dynamics in High Rate Oscillations in Pitch.” In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-327. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-327
- Ericsson, Lars, and Lars Ericsson. 1997b. “Effect of Fuselage Geometry on Delta Wing Vortex Breakdown.” In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-746
- Ericsson, L., and J. Reding. 1974. “High Attitude Delta Wing Unsteady Aerodynamics.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-817. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-817
- Ericsson, L., and J. Reding. 1977. “Effect of Angle of Attack and Mach Number on Slender Wing Aerodynamics.” In 10th Fluid and Plasmadynamics Conference. AIAA 1977-667. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-667
- Erwin, J. R., D. E. Clark, R. G. Giffin, and J. G. Kirkpatrick. 1964. Tandem Cascade Thrust Vectoring Research Program.. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0609059
- Escareno, Juan, Sergio Salazar, and Eduardo Rondon. 2013. Two-Rotor VTOL Mini UAV: Design, Modeling and Control. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118599938.ch3
- Eshcol, Ritu M., Yuvraj Dewan, Chong Zhou, and Lakshmi N. Sankar. 2018. “Optimization of S-76 Rotor Blade for Hover Performance.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-1782. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1782
- Eshleman, J., M. Dudley, and C. Schell. 1986. “Hover in-Ground-Effect Testing of a Full-Scale, Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Model.” In 14th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1986-780. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-780
- Eshlemen, J. 1985. “Ground Effects on V/STOL and STOL Aircraft: A Survey.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-4033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4033
- Eshow, Michelle M. 1990. “Flight Investigation of Variations in Rotorcraft Control and Display Dynamics for Hover.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900060676
- Esker, Barbara S., and Jack G. McArdle. 1993. “Experimental Performance of a Ventral Nozzle with Pitch and Yaw Vectoring Capability for SSTOVL Aircraft.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930015940
- Esker, D., and A. Sedrick. 1972. “Thrust Stand for Evaluation of Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Performance.” In 7th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1972-1029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-1029
- Eskey, M. A., and S. B. Wilson III. 1986. The Handling Qualities and Flight Characteristics of the Grumman Design 698 Simulated Twin-Engine Tilt Nacelle V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-86785. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870003125
- Eskey, Megan A., and Samuel B. Wilson III. 1989. Piloted Simulations of a V/STOL Aircraft. ARC-11807. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890000032
- Eskey, M. A., S. B. Wilson III, W. Valckenaere, and J. P. Lareau. 1984. “Twin Tilt Nacelle V/STOL Aircraft.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850057057
- “Estimation and Sensitivity in Flight Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.017
- “Euler/Navier-Stokes Computations of the Flowfield of a Helicopter Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight.” 1990. In Applied Computational Aerodynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865985.0533.0555
- Eulrich, B., K. Govindaraj, and W. Harrington. 1978. “Estimation of the Aerodynamic Stability and Control Parameters for the F-106A Aircraft from Flight Data: Maneuver Design and Flight Dataanalysis.” In 4th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1978-1326. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1326
- “Evaluation of the Navigation Performance of Shipboard-VTOL-Landing Guidance Systems.” 1979. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1708. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1708
- Evans, D. G., C. E. Debogdan, R. H. Soeder, and E. J. Pleban. 1974. Some Comparisons of the Flow Characteristics of a Turbofan Compressor System with and without Inlet Pressure Distortion. NASA-TM-X-71574. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020647
- “eVTOL.” 2026. In Low-Altitude Economy. WORLD SCIENTIFIC. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789819823468_0009
- “Experimental Development and Evaluation of Pneumatic Powered-Lift Super-STOL Aircraft.” 2006. In Applications of Circulation Control Technology. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866838.0315.0336
- “Experimental Development of an Advanced Circulation Control Wing System for Navy STOL Aircraft.” 1981. In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-151
- Faizal, Ahmad, Ewi Ismaredah, and Imam Fadjar Ridho. 2018. “Perancangan Pengendalian Hover Quadcopter Menggunakan Pengendali Hybrid Fuzzy Dan Proportional Integral Derivative (PID).” Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 5 (2): 19–28. https://doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v5i2.647
- Falarski, M. D. 1979. “Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Highly Maneuverable Supersonic V/STOL Fighter.” In V/STOL Aerodyn. Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790017846
- Falarski, M. D., M. R. Dudley, W. Buchmann, and A. Pisano. 1982. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Large-Scale, Twin Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Model. AIAA PAPER 81-0150. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820054908
- Falarski, M. D., and K. W. Mort. 1971. Large-Scale Wind Tunnel Investigation of a Ducted Fan: Deflected-Slipstream Model with an Auxiliary Wing. NASA-TN-D-6323. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710014385
- Falco, Michael, and William Baskervill. 1961. “An Analysis of VTOL Aircraft Experimental Aerodynamic Data by Response Surface Techniques.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 6 (4): 23–26. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.6.23
- Fan, Xiaoshuai, Zhenyu Jiang, Shifeng Zhang, and Xibin Bai. 2026. “Integrated Design Method of Aircraft RBF Neural Network-Based Fault Diagnosis and Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 98 (6–7): 909–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2026-0033
- Fan, Jinhua, Zhiqiang Zheng, and Youmin Zhang. 2011. “Control Allocation-Based Fault-Tolerant Control for over-Actuated Systems with Saturation and Imperfect Fault Information.” In Infotech@Aerospace 2011. AIAA 2011-1495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1495
- Fanucci, J., E. Gibbs, and O. Skujins. 1969. “Rotor Downwash in Ground Effect in the Presence of a Step.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-225. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-225
- Fardin, Nabia, Atanu Halder, Cayden Brown, and Moble Benedict. 2026. Design of a Manned eVTOL Aircraft Using Cycloidal Rotors. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5194
- Farquerabao-Dimaano, Renette. 2024. “Enhancing Aircraft Instrument System through the Integration of XPlane Flight Simulator.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4700058
- Farris, G. G., V. K. Merrick, and R. M. Gerdes. 1983. “Simulation Evaluation of Flight Controls and Display Concepts for VTOL Shipboard Operations.” In Guidance and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830060450
- “Fault Tolerant Control for Aircraft Flaperon Faults Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” 2025. In Systems Approach on Control Architecture and Design (SACAD 2025). BS Publications. https://doi.org/10.37285/bsp.sacad2025.17
- Faure, T. M., and C. Leogrande. 2020. “High Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamics of a Straight Wing with Finite Span Using a Discrete Vortex Method.” Physics of Fluids 32 (10): 104109. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0025327
- Favaro, Lorenzo, Agata Rylko, and Giuseppe Quaranta. 2025a. “Building Credible VTOL Flight Models for Handling Qualities Certification by Simulation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202505.1053.v1
- Favier, D., C. Maresca, and A. Agnes. 1991. “Unsteady Interactional Effects between a Propeller and a Fixed Wing.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3231
- Favier, D., C. Maresca, and C. Barbi. 1988. “Experimental and Numerical Study of the Propeller/fixed Wing Interaction.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2571. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2571
- Fawke, A. J., and H. I. H. Saravanamuttoo. 1971. “Experimental Investigation of Methods for Improving the Dynamic Response of a Twin-Spool Turbojet Engine.” Journal of Engineering for Power 93 (4): 418–24. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3445601
- Faye, Robert E., Fort F. Felker, and Jeffrey S. Light. 1987. An Assessment of Upper Surface Blowing for the Reduction of Tilt Rotor Download. Calif. Polytechnic Inst. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950028590
- Faye, A. E., Jr. 1960. Attitude Control Requirements for Hovering Determined through the Use of a Piloted Simulator. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004823
- Fearn, R. L., and R. J. Margason. 1969. Jet-Wake Characteristics and Their Induced Aerodynamic Effects on V/STOL Aircraft in Transition Flight. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700002523
- Feddersen, R., and R. Cea. 1977. “Propulsion Cycle Effects for a Two-Fan V/STOL Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-580. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-580
- “Feedback Flight Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.013
- Fegely, Cody E., Hong Xin, William Fell, David Klyde, and Chris Blanken. 2017. Development and Simulation Testing of High-Speed Tracking MTEs for Rotorcraft Handling Qualities Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2017_hq-2372
- Fei, Xiaofan. 2019. “Evaluation of a Commercial Surface Vorticity Flow Solver for the Modeling of Propeller-Wing Interaction.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1046. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1046
- Fei, Zhongyang, and David A. Peters. 2013. “Applications of Generalized Dynamic Wake Theory to the Flow in a Rotor Wake.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f69-061
- Feil, Roland, Juergen Rauleder, and Manfred Hajek. 2016. “Aeromechanics Analysis of a Coaxial Rotor System in Hover and High-Advance-Ratio Forward Flight.” In 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2016-3419. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3419
- Feistel, T. W., E. B. Fry, and R. M. Gerdes. 1969. An Investigation of a Direct Side-Force Maneuvering System on a Deflected Jet VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-5175. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690013210
- Feistel, T. W., C. A. Holzhauser, and R. C. Innis. 1966. Results of a Brief Flight Investigation of a Coin-Type STOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015336
- Feistel, T. W., and J. P. Morelli. 1980. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests of Inverting Flaps on a STOL Utility Aircraft Model. NASA-TP-1696. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800016823
- Feistel, T. W., E. C. Stewart, R. M. Gerdes, and K. R. Smith Jr. 1972. “A Look at V/STOL for Business Aircraft.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720041928
- Fejtek, Ian G. 1993. Navier-Stokes Flowfield Computation of Wing/rotor Interaction for a Tilt Rotor Aircraft in Hover. NASA-CR-4532. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940006303
- Fejtek, Ian, and Leonard Roberts. 1989. A CFD Study of Tilt Rotor Flowfields. NASA-CR-186116. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900004033
- Fejtek, Ian, and Leonard Roberts. 1991. “Navier-Stokes Computation of Wing/rotor Interaction for a Tilt Rotorin Hover.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-707. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-707
- Fejtek, Ian, and Leonard Roberts. 1992a. “Navier-Stokes Computation of Wing Leading Edge Tangential Blowing for a Tilt Rotor in Hover.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2608. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2608
- Felker, Fort F. 1988. A Review of Tilt Rotor Download Research. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900055382
- Felker, Fort F., and Jeffrey S. Light. 1986a. Aerodynamic Interactions between a Rotor and Wing in Hover. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950028593
- Felker, Fort F., and Jeffrey S. Light. 1986b. “Rotor/wing Aerodynamic Interactions in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f42-1025
- Felker, Fort F., Jeffrey S. Light, and Robert E. Faye. 1987. “Reduction of Tilt Rotor Download Using Circulation Control.” In Proceedings of the Circulation-Control Workshop, 1986. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880008221
- Felli, M. 2020. “Underlying Mechanisms of Propeller Wake Interaction with a Wing.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 908: A10. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.792
- Feng, Weijun, Minghan Wang, and Menglin Yang. 2024. Comparative Study of Numerical Simulation of External Winding of Arrow-Shaped Wing and Delta Wing. https://doi.org/10.5220/0013444700004558
- Feng, Dong Wu, Gui Li Xu, Biao Wang, Yu Peng Tian, and Yong Qiang Ye. 2013. “Optimum Design of the Cooperation Objective for Computer Vision-Based UAV Autonomous Landing.” Advanced materials research 718-720: 1221–27. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.718-720.1221
- Fenwick, W. B. 1966a. Evaluation of AM2 Landing Mat Replacement Panels and Keylock Assemblies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0736728
- Fenwick, E. B. 1966b. XV5A Aircraft Flight Tests Landing Strip Evaluations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0737274
- Fenwick, William B. 1967. XC-142A Aircraft Flight Tests Landing Strip Evaluations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0738376
- Fenwick, W. B., and M. J. Mathews. 1966. Evaluation of Butler AM2 Landing Mat. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0736642
- Ferlauto, Michele, Andrea Ferrero, and Roberto Marsilio. 2020. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring for Annular Aerospike Nozzle.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3777
- Ferlauto, Michele, and Roberto Marsilio. 2016a. “A Numerical Method for the Study of Fluidic Thrust-Vectoring.” Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science 3 (4): 367–78. https://doi.org/10.12989/aas.2016.3.4.367
- Ferlauto, Michele, and Roberto Marsilio. 2016b. “Open and Closed-Loop Responses of a Dual-Throat Nozzle during Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” In 52nd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2016-4504. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4504
- Fernandez, Luiz F. T., Murat Bronz, Nathalie Bartoli, and Thierry Lefebvre. 2023. “Development of a Mission-Tailored Tail-Sitter MAV.” Unmanned Systems 12 (03): 611–25. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385024430027
- Ferrare, Felipe Desiglo. n.d. “Otimização Do UAM Usando Modelagem De VTOL Baseada Em Sistemas Multiagentes.” PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/d.3.2023.tde-20102023-145327
- Ferrari, C. 1937. Some Experiments on the Slipstream Effect. NACA-TM-820. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930094596
- Ferraro, Giovanna, T. Kipouros, A. Mark Savill, Abdul Rampurawala, and Christian Agostinelli. 2014. “Propeller-Wing Interaction Prediction for Early Design.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0564. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0564
- Ferreira Filho, Bemildo Alvaro, and Moacyr Machado Cardoso Júnior. 2024. “PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS TO AID REGULATORY AGENCIES IN THE EVTOL CERTIFICATION PROCESS USING SYSTEMS-THEORETIC PROCESS ANALYSIS (STPA).” In Anais do XXI Simpósio de Transporte Aéreo - SITRAER 2024. Even3 Publicações. https://doi.org/10.29327/xxi-sitraer-2024.895760
- Ferrell, Kenneth R., Alan C. Frederickson, and James S. Kishi. 1974. Flight Evaluation Compliance Test Techniques for Army Hot Day Hover Criteria. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada109440
- Ferrier, Bernard, John Duncan, and Dean Carico. 2007. “Validation of Simulated Dynamic Interface Testing as a Tool in the Forecasting of Air Vehicle Deck Limits and Deck Landing Aids.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f63-000036
- Ferrier, Bernard, John Duncan, David Ludwig, and Dean Carico. 2006. “Simulated Dynamic Interface Testing as a Tool in the Forecasting of Air Vehicle Deck Limits and Deck Landing Aids.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-014
- Ferrier, Bernard, B. Watson, Mike R. Belmont, and J. T. Christmas. 2025. VTOL UAS Auto-Recovery Using a Tested Long-Term Motion Prediction Method to Define the Deck. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5315
- Filippoli, Giorgio, Beniamino M. Perri, Stefano Cacciola, Carlo E. D. Riboldi, and Lorenzo Trainelli. 2026a. “Flight-Test-Based Analysis of Blowing Effects on Trimmed Aerodynamic Polars of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Demonstrator.” In IOCAE 2026. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2026142013
- Findlay, D., S. Kern, and O. Kwon. 1991. “Numerical Investigation of the Effects of Blowing on High Angle of Attack Flow over Delta Wings.” In 22nd Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1991-1809. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1809
- Fink, Marvin P. 1963. Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the VZ-5 Four-Propeller Deflected-Slipstream VTOL Airplane. NASA-TM-SX-805. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228393
- Fink, M. P. 1969. Aerodynamic Data on Large Semispan Tilting Wing with 0.4-Diameter Chord, Single-Slotted Flap, and Single Propeller 0.22 Chord below Wing. NASA-TN-D-5016. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690007980
- Fiorucci, Tiziano, Aurélien Walpen, Nicolas Bosson, Guillaume Catry, and Flavio Noca. 2025. “UAV Takeoff, Hover and Landing Test in Real-World Flight Conditions within a Laboratory Setting.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2420
- Firsov, Sergii, and Igor Kulik. 2017. “Compact Vertical Take-off and Landing Aerial Vehicle for Monitoring Tasks in Dense Urban Areas.” Transport Problems 10 (3): 29–34. https://doi.org/10.21307/tp-2015-031
- Fishbach, L. H., and W. C. Strack. 1968. Nuclear Powered VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-X-52524. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690004760
- Fisler, Emily, and Anubhav Datta. 2019. Impact of Lithium Sulfur Batteries on Electric VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2019_prop-972
- Fitch, Osa E., and Kunal Mehra. 2014. Image-Based Navigation for Shipboard Landing (INAV-SL). https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2014_vtol-3108
- Fitzgerald, Timothy, and David Gingras. 1996. “Simulation Support of a 17.5 Percent Scale F/A-18E/F Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1996-3524. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3524
- Flaig, J. 1977. “Infrared Flow Visualization for VTOL Applications.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-618
- Flamm, Jeffrey. 1998. “Experimental Study of a Nozzle Using Fluidic Counterflow for Thrust Vectoring.” In 34th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-3255. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-3255
- Flamm, Jeffrey, Karen Deere, Bobby Berrier, Stuart Johnson, and Mary Mason. 2005. “Experimental Study of a Dual-Throat Fluidic Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle Concept.” In 41st AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2005-3503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-3503
- Flamm, Jeffrey, Karen Deere, Mary Mason, Bobby Berrier, and Stuart Johnson. 2006. “Design Enhancements of the Two-Dimensional, Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Concept.” In 3rd AIAA Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2006-3701. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3701
- Flamm, Jeffrey, Karen Deere, Mary Mason, Bobby Berrier, and Stuart Johnson. 2007. “Experimental Study of an Axisymmetric Dual Throat Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle for Supersonic Aircraft Application.” In 43rd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2007-5084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-5084
- Fleming, Jonathan, Troy Jones, Wing Ng, Paul Gelhausen, and Dale Enns. 2003. “Improving Control System Effectiveness for Ducted Fan VTOL UAVs Operating in Crosswinds.” In 2nd AIAA “Unmanned Unlimited” Conf. and Workshop & Exhibit. AIAA 2003-6514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-6514
- Fletcher, J. 1962. “Aerodynamic Design Problems of Jet Lift V.T.O.L Aircraft: Selection of a Suitable Stability and Control System and Effects of Flow Interaction.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 34 (7): 188–91. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb033574
- Fletcher, Jay W. 1993. “Identification of UH-60 Stability Derivative Models in Hover from Flight Test Data.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f49-1013
- Fletcher, Jay W. 1995. “Identification of UH-60 Stability Derivative Models in Hover from Flight Test Data.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 40 (1): 32–46. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.40.32
- Fletcher, Jay. 2008. “Identification of a High-Order Linear Model of the UH-60M Helicopter Flight Dynamics in Hover.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6897. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6897
- “Flight Control.” 2015. In Smart Autonomous Aircraft. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19350-7
- “Flight Control System Design Guidelines.” 2011. In Eigenstructure Control Algorithms: Applications to aircraft/rotorcraft handling qualities design. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbce074e_ch8
- “Flight Control Using Nonlinear System Inversion.” 2000. In Volterra Equations and Applications. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781482287424-33
- “Flight Dynamics.” 2013. In Rotorcraft Aeromechanics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139235655.022
- “Flight Envelope.” 2021. In Operational Aircraft Performance and Flight Test Practices. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624105920.0355.0410
- “Flight Envelopes.” 2012. In Advanced Aircraft Flight Performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139161893.011
- Flight Performance of Civil Small and Light Fixed-Wing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) � Test Methods. n.d. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30426801u
- “Flight Safety.” 2015. In Smart Autonomous Aircraft. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b19350-9
- Flight Simulation. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827789.app2
- “Flight Test Data Analysis of Hybrid Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” 2016. Journal of Instrumentation, Automation, and Systems. https://doi.org/10.21535/dnk59q51
- “Flight Test of a VTOL Digital Autoland System along Complex Trajectories.” 1979. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1703
- “Flight Test Programme.” 1970. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 42 (4): 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034622
- “Flight Vehicle Aerodynamic Control.” 2001. In Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861857.0319.0337
- “Flight Vehicle Lift-Drag Characteristics.” 2001. In Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861857.0075.0101
- “Flight Vehicle Performance.” 2001. In Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861857.0145.0249
- “Flow Visualization Studies of the Internal Flow Characteristics in Asimulated Mixed Flow Vectored Thrust ASTOVL Engine Configuration.” 1991. In 22nd Fluid Dynamics, Plasma Dynamics and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1991-1689. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-1689
- Fluk, H. 1981. “Runway and Deck Temperatures in Vertical Takeoff/landing Operations.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1623. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1623
- “Flying Qualities.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0359.0363
- “Flying Qualities and Flight Testing of the Aeroplane.” 1998. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 70 (5). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.1998.12770eae.001
- “Flying Qualities through Variable Conditions.” 2010. In Multiple Scales Theory and Aerospace Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600867644.0251.0268
- Flying Qualities: Forms of Degradation. 2007a. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691847.ch8
- Flying Qualities: Forms of Degradation. 2018. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119401087.ch8
- Flying Qualities: Objective Assessment and Criteria Development. 2007b. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691847.ch6
- Flying Qualities: Subjective Assessment and Other Topics. 2007c. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691847.ch7
- Foley, W. 1979. “Methodology for Prediction of V/STOL Propulsion Induced Forces in Ground Effect.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1281. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1281
- Foley, W., and R. Woodrey. 1980. “Vectored Engine over Wing Concept for V/STOL Supersonic Fighter.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1877
- Follow-On Studies for Design Definition of a Lift/Cruise Fan Technology V/STOL Airplane, Volume 1. 1977. NASA-CR-137976. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770010092
- Foltz, Claude A. 1962. Tabulated Force and Moment Data for a Series of Circular, Annular Jet Ground Effect Machine Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0414393
- Footohi, Parisa, Adrien Bouskela, and Sergey V. Shkarayev. 2019. “Aerodynamic Design of Long-Range VTOL UAV.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2291. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2291
- Ford, Terry. 1989a. “Helicopter Handling Qualities.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 61 (1): 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb036732
- Ford, Terry. 1989b. “The Tilt-Rotor in Europe.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 61 (6): 27–29. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb036800
- Forliti, Dave, Paul Strykowski, and Robert Gillgrist. 2002. “The Role of Irreversibilities in Vectoring Thrust Using Counterflow Control.” In 1st Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2002-2950. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-2950
- Fornasier, L., and A. Rizzi. 1985. “Comparison of Results from a Panel Method and an Euler Code for a Cranked Delta Wing.” In 3rd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-4091. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4091
- Forshaw, Jason L., Vaios J. Lappas, and Phil Briggs. 2013. “Indoor Experimentation and Flight Test Results for a Twin Rotor Tailsitter Unmanned Air Vehicle.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference. AIAA 2013-5099. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-5099
- Fortenbaugh, R. L. 1980a. A Mathematical Model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) Aircraft Simulation. Volume 2: Model Equations and Base Aircraft Data. NASA-CR-166129-VOL-2. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810019547
- Fortenbaugh, R. L. 1980b. A Mathematical Model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) Aircraft Simulation. Volume 3: User’s Manual for VATOL Simulation Program. NASA-CR-166129-VOL-3. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810019548
- Fortenbaugh, R. L. 1980c. A Mathematical Model for Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing (VATOL) Aircraft Simulation: Model Description Application: Volume 1. NASA-CR-166129-VOL-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810019546
- Fortin, Francois, and Vivek Ahuja. 2024a. “Comparison of Aerodynamic Loads for a Rotor in Hover Using Two Surface-Vorticity Approaches.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0005. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0005
- Fortin, Francois, and Vivek Ahuja. 2024b. “Rapid Propeller Performance Estimation for eVTOL-Class Aircraft Using a Surface-Vorticity Flow Solver.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0006. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0006
- Foster, John D., Ernesto Moralez III, James A. Franklin, and Jeffery A. Schroeder. 1987. Integrated Control and Display Research for Transition and Vertical Flight on the NASA V/STOL Research Aircraft (VSRA). NASA-TM-100029. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880003977
- Foster, John D., Ernesto Moralez III, James A. Franklin, and Jeffery A. Schroeder. 1991. Research on Controls and Displays for V/STOL Airplanes. ARC-12215. NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910000438
- Foster, G. V., and O. A. Morris. 1960. Aerodynamic Characteristics in Pitch at a Mach Number of 1.97 of Two Variable-Wing- Sweep V/STOL Configurations with Outboard Wing Panels Swept Back 75 Deg. NASA-TM-X-322. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660011612
- Foster, G. V., and O. A. Morris. 1961. Static Longitudinal and Lateral Aerodynamic Characteristics at a Mach Number of 2.20 of a V/STOL Airplane Configuration with a Variable-Sweep Wing and with a Skewed Wing Design. NASA-TM-X-521. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660013086
- Fouda, Moatasem, and Haitham E. Taha. 2022. “Effect of Wing Planform on Airplane Stability and Control Authority in Stall.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1161. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1161
- Foy, Brian, and Dale Lawrence. 2005. “Thrust-Reversing UAV Concept: Attitude and Thrust Control.” In Infotech@Aerospace. AIAA 2005-7078. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-7078
- Fradenburgh, Evan A., and N. F. K. Kefford. 1976. Cost-Effectiveness Benefits of a Variable Diameter Rotor System as Applied to Advanced VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1976-2211
- Fradenburgh, Evan A., Robert J. Murrill, and Edmond F. Kiely. 1973. Dynamic Model Wind Tunnel Tests of a Variable-Diameter, Telescoping- Blade Rotor System (TRAC Rotor). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0771037
- Fraga, D., and J. Liiva. 1972. “Design Studies and Model Tests of the Stowed Tilt-Rotor Concept.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-804. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-804
- Francis, Gregory, Clarence E. Rash, Gina E. Adam, Patricia A. LeDue, and Stefanie L. Archie. 2002b. A Comparison of AH-64D and OH-58D Pilot Attitudes toward Glass Cockpit Crewstation Designs. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada408934
- Francis, Gregory, Clarence E. Rash, Patricia A. LeDuc, Gina E. Adam, and Stefanie L. Archie. 2002a. A Comparison of AH-64 Pilot Attitudes toward Traditional and Glass Cockpit Crewstation Designs. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada405652
- Frank, Adrian, James McGrew, Mario Valenti, Daniel Levine, and Jonathan How. 2007. “Hover, Transition, and Level Flight Control Design for a Single-Propeller Indoor Airplane.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6318
- Franke, H., and X. Hafer. 1963. “A Contribution to the Problem of Vtol-Control by Thrust Modulation.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1008
- Franke, A., and F. Weinig. 1939. The Effect of the Slipstream on an Airplane Wing. NACA-TM-920. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930094496
- Franklin, J. 1970. “Influence of Turbulence on Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1970-998. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-998
- Franklin, J. 1971. “Flight Investigation of the Influence of Turbulence on Longitudinal Flying Qualities.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1971-905. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-905
- Franklin, J. A. 1986. “Control of V/STOL Aircraft.” Aeronautical Journal 90. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860061264
- Franklin, James A. 1993a. Criteria for Design of Integrated Flight/propulsion Control Systems for STOVL Fighter Aircraft. NASA-TP-3356. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940006662
- Franklin, James A. 1993b. “Design Criteria for Integrated Flight/Propulsion Control Systems for STOVL Fighter Aircraft.” In Piloting Vertical Flight Aircraft: A Conference on Flying Qualities and Human Factors. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940008824
- Franklin, James A. 1997a. Moving-Base Simulation Evaluation of Control/Display Integration Issues for ASTOVL Aircraft. NASA-TM-112213. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970041148
- Franklin, James A. 1997b. Revised Simulation Model of the Control System, Displays, and Propulsion System for a ASTOVL Lift Fan Aircraft. NASA-TM-112208. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970036304
- Franklin, James A. 2000. V/STOL Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities. NASA/TP-2000-209591. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010038495
- Franklin, James A. 2018. “Application of Nonlinear Inverse Methods to the Control of Powered-Lift Aircraft over the Low-Speed Flight Envelope.” In Advances in Aircraft Flight Control. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315136820-5
- Franklin, J. A., and S. B. Anderson. 1984. V/STOL Maneuverability and Control. NASA-TM-85939. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840014516
- Franklin, James A., and Shawn A. Engelland. 1991. Design and Piloted Simulation Evaluation of Integrated Flight/propulsion Controls for STOVL Aircraft. AIAA PAPER 91-3108. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910069409
- Franklin, J. A., and R. C. Innis. 1974. Flight-Path and Airspeed Control during Landing Approach for Powered-Lift Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-7791. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740026368
- Franklin, J., and R. Innis. 1977. “Flight Evaluation of Flight-Path Control Required for the Approach and Landing of STOL Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-609. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-609
- Franklin, J., and G. Miller. 1967. “Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities for Power Approach.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1967-577. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-577
- Franklin, James A., and Michael W. Stortz. 1989. “Flight/propulsion Control Integration for V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft.” In National Technical Specialists’’ Meeting on Tactical V/STOL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900051475
- Franklin, James A., and Michael W. Stortz. 1993. Moving-Base Simulation Evaluation of Thrust Margins for Vertical Landing for the NASA YAV-8B Harrier Aircraft. NASA-TM-104008. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940006787
- Franklin, James A., Michael W. Stortz, Shawn A. Engelland, G. H. Hardy, James L. Martin, and Ronald M. Gerdes. 1989. “Simulation Evaluation of Transition and Hover Flying Qualities of a Mixed-Flow, Remote-Lift STOVL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/892284
- Franklin, James A., Michael W. Stortz, Ronald M. Gerdes, G. H. Hardy, James L. Martin, and Shawn A. Engelland. 1988. “Simulation Evaluation of Transition and Hover Flying Qualities of the E-7A STOVL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/881430
- Franklin, James A., Michael W. Stortz, and James R. Mihaloew. 1990. “Integrated Flight/propulsion Control for Supersonic STOVL Aircraft.” In International Powered Lift Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920062696
- Frazier, John W., and Kenneth W. McElreath. 1976. Test Pilot Evaluation of a Reclined Cockpit Seat as an Aid to G Tolerance and Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada025784
- Fredericks, William J., Mark D. Moore, and Ronald C. Busan. 2013a. “Benefits of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion to Achieve 4x Cruise Efficiency for a VTOL UAV.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4324. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4324
- Fredericks, William J., Mark D. Moore, and Ronald C. Busan. 2013b. “Benefits of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion to Achieve 4x Increase in Cruise Efficiency for a VTOL Aircraft.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140001088
- Fredericks, William J., David D. North, Mark A. Agate, and Zachary R. Johns. 2015. “NASA GL-10 Tilt-Wing VTOL UAS Flight Validation Experiments.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20160006536
- Fredericks, William L., Shashank Sripad, Geoffrey C. Bower, and Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan. 2018. “Performance Metrics Required of Next-Generation Batteries to Electrify Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft.” ACS Energy Letters 3 (12): 2989–94. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.8b02195
- Freeman, Jeffrey L., and Garrett T. Klunk. 2018. “Dynamic Flight Simulation of Spanwise Distributed Electric Propulsion for Directional Control Authority.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-4997. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4997
- Freeman, D. C., Jr., and W. A. Newsom Jr. 1966. Flight Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of a 0.18-Scale Model of a Four-Duct Tandem V/STOL Transport. NASA-TN-D-3055. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660012981
- Fremaux, C. M., D. M. Vairo, and R. D. Whipple. 1993. “Effect of Geometry, Static Stability, and Mass Distribution on the Tumbling Characteristics of Generic Flying-Wing Models.” In In: AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference, Monterey, CA, Aug. 9-11, 1993, Technical Papers (A93-48301 20-08). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930064305
- Freuler, R., and M. Hoffmann. 1977. “A Digital Data Acquisition and Reduction System for Flight Testing General Aviation Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1977-1216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1216
- Frey, James. 2011. Vertical Unmanned Aircraft System Alternative for the F-35B JSF. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada547454
- Fricker, D., J. Holdeman, and S. Vanka. 1992. “Calculations of Hot Gas Ingestion for a STOVL Aircraft Model.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-385. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-385
- Friddell, J., and M. Franke. 1990. “Confined Jet Thrust Vector Control Nozzle Studies.” In 26th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1990-2027. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2027
- Friedrich, Christian, and Paul Robertson. 2013. “Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems for Aircraft.” In 11th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. AIAA 2013-3806. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3806
- Friehmelt, Holger. 1996. “Thrust Vectoring and Tailless Aircraft Design: Review and Outlook.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3412
- Friehmelt, Holger. 2002. “Lift Contribution from Delta Wing Vortices: Flight Test and Predictions.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4711. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4711
- Friend, C. 1964. “A Fundamental Study of Reaction Control Criteria for Jet Vtol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-787
- Frietsch, Natalie, Oliver Meister, Christian Schlaile, Justus Seibold, and Gert Trommer. 2008. “Vision Based Hovering and Landing System for a VTOL-MAV with Geo-Localization Capabilities.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6669. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6669
- Frith, Steven, and Norman Wood. 2003. “Effect of Trailing Edge Geometry on a Circulation Control Delta Wing.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3797. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3797
- “From Steady Flight to Flight Dynamics.” 2011. In Steady Aircraft Flight and Performance. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvcm4h26.18
- Frost, T., and R. Bishop. 1963. “Vectored Thrust Engines for Single and Multiengined Aircraft.” In 9th Anglo-American Aeronautical Conference. AIAA 1963-471. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-471
- Frost, Chad, James Franklin, and Gordon Hardy. 2002. “Evaluation of Flying Qualities and Guidance Displays for an Advanced Tilt-Wing STOL Transport Aircraft in Final Approach and Landing.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-6016. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-6016
- Fry, Bernard L. 1965. “Low-Speed Aerodynamic Flight Boundaries and Control Aspects OF TILT-WING AIRCRAFT.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 21 - Washington, D.C. 1965. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f21-002
- Fry, B. 1967. “Assessment of Commercial VTOL Aircraft with Rotor or Propeller Lift Systems.” In Commercial Aircraft Design and Operation Meeting. AIAA 1967-411. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-411
- Fry, B. L. 1968. Supplement to Feasibility of V/STOL Concepts for Short-Haul Transport Aircraft. NASA-CR-743/1/. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680025705
- Fry, E. B., R. M. Gerdes, T. D. Gossett, and R. K. Greif. 1966a. Simulator Investigations of Various Control Systems for VTOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015334
- Fry, E. B., R. M. Gerdes, T. D. Gossett, and R. K. Greif. 1966b. VTOL Control System Studies on a 6-Degree-of- Freedom Motion Simulator. ICAS PAPER 66-9. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660061385
- Fry, E. B., R. M. Gerdes, T. D. Gossett, and R. K. Greif. 1966c. VTOL Control System Studies on a Six-Degree- of-Freedom Motion Simulator. NASA-TM-X-59065. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680017947
- Fry, E. B., R. M. Gerdes, T. D. Gossett, and R. K. Greif. 1967. “VTOL Control System Studies on a Six-Degree- of-Freedom Motion Simulator.” In INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF THE AERONAUTICAL SCIENCES. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680038840
- Fry, E. B., R. M. Gerdes, and L. G. Schroers. 1973. A Piloted Simulation Study of the Effects of Controller Force Gradient in VTOL Hovering Flight. NASA-TM-X-62230. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730008288
- Fry, B. L., and J. M. Zabinsky. 1967. Feasibility of V/STOL Concepts for Short-Haul Transport Aircraft. NASA-CR-743. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670019040
- Fu, Rong, Jianping Zeng, Yong Wang, and Daibing Zhang. 2020. “Conversion Flight Control for Tilt Rotor Aircraft Using Nonlinear Time-Varying Perspective.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 33 (5): 04020062. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001179
- “Fuel Cell Demonstrator Aeroplane for Ground and Flight Testing.” 2007. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 79 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2007.12779daf.013
- “Fuel Consumption, Range and Endurance.” 1992. In Aircraft Performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607134.009
- Fujisawa, Jin, and Midori Maki. 2025. “Prediction of Hazardous Winds Directly above a Vertiport for Urban Air Mobility Using a Pressure Observation Network.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 73 (4): 126–33. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.73.126
- Fujisawa, Jin, Midori Maki, Hiroki Tadakawa, Shuto Sekino, and Msato Tamayama. 2022. “Design Method of a Turbulence Warning System at Vertiport of Urban Air Mobilities.” Proceedings of the Transportation and Logistics Conference 2022.31 (0): TL10-3. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmetld.2022.31.tl10-3
- Fulkerson, D. C., M. L. Hershberger, and L. A. Scanlan. 1980. “Mini-Remotely Piloted Vehicle Precision Tracking Evaluation.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 24 (1): 44–48. https://doi.org/10.1177/107118138002400115
- Fuller, S., and D. Moorhouse. 1982. “Perspectives of the Flying Qualities Specification.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1354. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1354
- Fulton, Eve, Dakoda Lemelin, and Farhan Gandhi. 2026. Rotor Failure Analysis on Winged-eVTOL Aircraft in Hover. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5211
- Funk, Robert B., and Narayanan M. Komerath. 1995. “Rotor Wake Interaction with a Lifting Surface.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f51-1064
- Furlan, Rodrigo Mollo, Lucas Lira Sassett, and Marcelo Xavier Guterres. 2026. “Vertiport Project in Brazil: A Conceptual Study.” In XXII Simpósio de Transporte Aéreo. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/9786527220244.1233272
- Furusawa, Yoshikatsu, and Keiichi Kitamura. 2020. “Unsteady Numerical Simulation on Angle-of-Attack Effects of Tractor-Propeller/Wing and Pusher-Propeller/Wing Interactions.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1030. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1030
- Furusawa, Yoshikatsu, Keiichi Kitamura, Tsubasa Ikami, and Hiroki Nagai. 2024b. “Numerical Study on Unsteady Flow Field Structure over Wing within Propeller Slipstream at Low-Reynolds-Number.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences, Aerospace Technology Japan 22 (0): 49–58. https://doi.org/10.2322/tastj.22.49
- Furusawa, Yoshikatsu, Keiichi Kitamura, Tsubasa Ikami, Hiroki Nagai, and Akira Oyama. 2024a. “Numerical Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Wing within Propeller Slipstream at Low-Reynolds-Number.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 67 (1): 12–22. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.67.12
- G-10V Vertical Flight Committee. 2008. Issues Associated with Development and Implementation of Vertical Flight Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4271/ard5700
- Gabriele, Gary. 1991. “Computer-Aided Conceptual Design of Rotorcraft.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3099. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3099
- Gad-El-Hak, M., and R. Blackwelder. 1986. “Control of the Discrete Vortices from a Delta Wing.” In 10th Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 1986-1915. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1915
- Gadag, Amit G., David Coleman, Moble Benedict, and Vishnu Saj. 2026. “Investigation of Forward-Flight Roll-Control Enhancement in a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0116
- Gadag, Amit G., Vishnu Saj, David Coleman, and Moble Benedict. 2025. “Digital-Twin of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter UAV.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3569. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3569
- Gaffey, T. M., and M. D. Maisel. 1974. “Measurement of Tilt Rotor VTOL Rotor Wake-Airframe Ground Aerodynamic Interference for Application to Real Time Flight Simulation.” In AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750005744
- Gaines, H. T., R. J. Kell, A. A. Morgan, et al. 1968. Computer Recommendations for an Automatic Approach and Landing System for V/STOL Aircraft. Volume 2: Equations. NASA-CR-86174. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690021607
- Gainutdinov, V. G., T. Yu. Gainutdinova, R. A. Sharifullin, N. A. Mysovskii, and L. A. Fazliev. 2026. “On the Algorithm for Designing the Required Thrust of Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Power Units.” Russian Aeronautics 69 (1): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799826010022
- Gal-Or, Benjamin. 1990. “The Pros and Cons of Internal or External Thrust Vectoring.” In Vectored Propulsion, Supermaneuverability and Robot Aircraft. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-8961-3_10
- Gal-Or, B. 1995. “Thrust Vector Control Eyed for Passenger Aircraft: A Novel Methodology to Combine Jet-Engine Tests with Sub-Scale Proof-of-Concept Flight Tests.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 12 (4). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.1995.12.4.241
- Gal-Or, Benjamin. 2001. “Thrust Vectoring Flight Control to Maximize Future Jet Transport Flight Safety.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 18 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.2001.18.1.41
- Gallagher, J. 1970. “Requirements on Simulators Used in Handling Qualities Research.” In Visual and Motion Simualtion Technology Conference. AIAA 1970-353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-353
- Gallani, Murilo A., Luiz Carlos Sandoval Góes, and Luiz Augusto Rodrigues Nerosky. 2020. “Effects of Distributed Electric Propulsion on the Performance of a General Aviation Aircraft.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3594. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3594
- Galloway, Thomas L. 1989. Aircraft Design and System Analysis. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotary_1989-1589
- Galzi, Damien. 2009. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Formation Flight Using Sliding Mode Disturbance Observers.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/6474
- Gamble, Dustin E. 2023. “World Record Duration Flight of Group 2 Unmanned Aircraft with VTOL and Hybrid Propulsion System Using Solid Oxide Fuel Cell.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1725. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1725
- Gamon, M. 1988. “Study of Powered-Lift Aircraft Using Jump Struts.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2179. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2179
- Gan, Xu, and Hai Long Gao. 2014. “Research on Longitudinal Aerodynamics Modeling Method for Aircraft Stall Based on Wavelet Neural Network from Flight Data.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605: 3144–47. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3144
- Gan, Zikang, Yongliang Wu, Shuanghua Yang, and Xiaowen Shan. 2023. “Tail-Sitter UAV Transition Trajectory Optimization through a Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_492
- Ganti, Yashwanth, and James Baeder. 2012. “CFD Analysis of a Slatted UH-60 Rotor in Hover.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2888. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2888
- Gao, Han, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2019. “Numerical Study of a Hovering Helicopter Rotor Blade in Ground Effect.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1099. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1099
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021a. “Airworthiness Verification Test of the Flight Control System.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00009-7
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021b. “Combined Test of the Flight Control Subsystem.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00005-x
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021c. “Development and Expectations on Test Techniques of the Flight Control System.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00010-3
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021d. “Flight Control System Control Law and the Flying Quality Evaluation Test.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00004-8
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021e. “Flight Test of the Flight Control System.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00008-5
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021f. “Onboard Ground Test of the Flight Control System.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00007-3
- Gao, Yakui, Gang An, and Chaoyou Zhi. 2021g. “Unit Test of the Flight Control System.” In Test Techniques for Flight Control Systems of Large Transport Aircraft. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-822990-3.00002-4
- Gao, Duo, Boyi Chen, Teng Liao, Wenjun Xu, and Yanbin Liu. 2024. “Transition Trajectory Planning for a VTOL Morphing UAV Based on Improved Pigeon-Inspired Optimization.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3324-8_30
- Gao, Yang, Weicheng Di, Jinglong Guo, Daochun Li, and Zhan Tu. 2023. “Modeling and Multimodal Control of a Micro Tail-Sitter Vehicle.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_298
- Gao, Han, Quanzhong Liu, Qiulin Qu, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2018. “Numerical Study of Round Jet Impingement in Proximity of Ground and a Water Surface.” In 2018 Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4257. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4257
- Gao, Yahui, Yebin Ni, Jiakun Qin, Sangwei Lu, Zhenyong Tao, and Hongliang Zhou. 2026. “A Real-Time Optimization Framework for Realizing Constrained Incremental Dynamic Inversion in Aircraft Engine Control.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3240 (1): 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3240/1/012027
- Gappa, J., Jr. 1964. “Flight Safety Aspects of Stol Aircraft and Helicopter Operations.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-182. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-182
- Garcia, Octavio, Pedro Castillo, K. C. Wong, and Rogelio Lozano. 2011. “Attitude Stabilization with Real-Time Experiments of a Tail-Sitter Aircraft in Horizontal Flight.” In Recent Developments in Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3033-5_10
- Garcia, Bruno Correia, Sumit Paul, Sophia Zeigler, Michael Franke, Satyum Joshi, and João Araújo. 2026. “Model-Based Optimization of Fuel Cell Powered Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0226
- García Carrillo, Luis Rodolfo, Alejandro Enrique Dzul López, Rogelio Lozano, and Claude Pégard. 2013. “Hovering Flight Improvement.” In Advances in Industrial Control. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-4399-4_4
- Garcia Perez, David, Patricia Ventura Diaz, and Steven Yoon. 2023. “High-Fidelity Simulations of a Tiltwing Vehicle for Urban Air Mobility.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2282. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2282
- Garg, Sanjay, and Duane Mattern. 1994. “Application of an Integrated Methodology for Propulsion and Airframe Control Design to a STOVL Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950004746
- Garg, Sanjay, Duane Mattern, Michelle Bright, and Peter Ouzts. 1990. “H-Infinity Based Integrated Flight/propulsion Control Design for a STOVL Aircraft in Transition Flight.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3335. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3335
- Garman, Karl, and Dominick Andrisani. 2003. “A Portable Data Acquisition System for Flight Testing Light Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5618
- Garner, Jack E. 1967. A Review of Jet Efflux Studies Applicable to V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0658432
- Garner, Mark. 2002. “HSI Issues from a USAF Pilot/Combat UAV Test Operator Perspective.” In 1st UAV Conference. AIAA 2002-3434. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3434
- Garrard, YiZhuang, Wenlong Zhang, Daisaku Inoyama, and Tom G. Stoumbos. 2022. “Precision Control of a Quadrotor during Takeoff and Landing under the Ground Effect.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1015. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1015
- Garren, John F., James R. Kelly, and F. R. Niessen. 1973. “A Manual-Control Approach to Development of VTOL Automatic Landing Technology.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f29-024
- Garren, John F., Jr. 1961. Effects of Gyroscopic Cross Coupling between Pitch and Yaw on the Handling Qualities of VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-973. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040006489
- Garren, J. F., Jr. 1962. Effects of Coupling between Pitch and Roll Control Inputs on the Handling Qualities of VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-1233. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620000276
- Garren, J. F., Jr., H. L. Kelley, R. O. Schade, and R. E. Shanks. 1970a. “Operations of V/STOL Aircraft in the Terminal Area.” In TECHNICAL SYMPOSIUM ON V/STOL IN CIVIL AVIATION. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710032876
- Garren, J., Jr., H. Kelley, and R. Shanks. 1970b. “VTOL Instrument Flight Research Relating to Aircraft Requirements and Operating Characteristics for the Terminal Area.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1333
- Garren, J. F., Jr., and J. R. Kelly. 1965. Application of the Model Technique to a Variable-Stability Helicopter for Simulation of Vtol Handling Qualities. NASA-TM-X-56821. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650025398
- Garren, J. F., Jr., and J. R. Kelly. 1966. Flight Study of on-off Control for V/STOL AIRCRAFT. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015335
- Garren, J. F., Jr., J. R. Kelly, and J. P. Reeder. 1964. Effects of Gross Changes in Static Directional Stability on V/stol Handling Characteristics Based on a Flight Investigation. NASA-TN-D-2477. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640021167
- Garren, J. F., Jr., J. R. Kelly, and J. P. Reeder. 1965. A Visual Flight Investigation of Hovering and Low-Speed Vtol Control Requirements. NASA-TN-D-2788. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650012141
- Garren, J. F., Jr., J. R. Kelly, and R. W. Sommer. 1969. “VTOL Flight Investigation to Develop a Decelerating Instrument Approach Capability.” In SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700039746
- Garrick, Daniel P., R. Ganesh Rajagopalan, and Kanchan Guntupalli. 2013. “Simulation of Landing Maneuvers of Rotorcraft in Brownout Conditions.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4266. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4266
- Ga̧sior, Przemysław, Adam Bondyra, and Stanisław Gardecki. 2018. “Initial Tuning Procedure for Attitude and Vertical Movement Controllers in Multirotor Aerial Vehicles with Heterogeneous Propulsion Units.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006911304750482
- Gass, J., Marlin D. Breer, J. J. Kim, and D. Kneeling. 1986. “Sand Separator Efficiency Calculation for the JVX Tilt Rotor Aircraft Inlet.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f42-2029
- Gatlin, Gregory M. 1989. Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Powered NASP-like Configuration in Ground Effect. SAE PAPER 892312. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900058419
- Gawenda, Randy. 2025. FRASCA International Training Requirements EVTOL. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_sym_2025-5420
- Gc, Suman. n.d. “Aerodynamic Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/ffb8a54
- Ge, Zhilei, and Jiabao Hou. 2019. “Design of the Control Law of Longitudinal Attitude for Tail-Sitter UAV.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1298 (1): 012027. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1298/1/012027
- General Electric Co Cincinnati Oh. 1962. Analysis and Test Results of Division of Power between Lift Fan and Jet Nozzle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0297932
- General Electric Co Cincinnati Oh. 1964. XV-5A Lift Fan Flight Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0447839
- Geng, Xi, Zhiwei Shi, and Keming Cheng. 2013. “The Measurement and Comparison of the Unsteady Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Delta Wing in the Lateral Motions.” In 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-3042. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-3042
- Gentry, G. L., A. D. Hammond, and R. J. Margason. 1966. Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics of a Powered Model of a Twin-Propeller Deflected-Slipstream STOL AIRPLANE Configuration. NASA-TN-D-3438. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660021916
- Gentry, G. L., and R. J. Margason. 1966. Jet-Induced Lift Losses on VTOL CONFIGURATIONS Hovering in and out of Ground Effect. NASA-TN-D-3166. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660006875
- Gentry, G. L., and R. J. Margason. 1967. Static Calibration of an Ejector Unit for Simulation of Jet Engines in Small-Scale Wind-Tunnel Models. NASA-TN-D-3867. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670009622
- Gentry, G. L., Jr., and R. J. Margason. 1968. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Five Jet VTOL Configuration in the Transition Speed Range. NASA-TN-D-4812. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680026609
- Gentry, Garl L., Jr., M. A. Takallu, and Zachary T. Applin. 1994. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Propeller-Powered High-Lift Semispan Wing. NASA-TM-4541. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940025432
- George, M. M., A. A. Perlmutter, and L. J. Butler. 1964. Downwash Impingement Design Criteria for VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608185
- Georgiev, Gabriel. 2025. “Blade Element – Momentum Aerodynamic Model of a Helicopter Rotor Operating at Low-Reynolds Numbers in Ground Effect.” Aviation 29 (2): 71–81. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2025.23587
- Gera, J., R. Wilson, E. Enevoldson, and L. Nguyen. 1981. “Flight Test Experience with High-Alpha Control System Techniques on the F-14 Airplane.” In 1st Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1981-2505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2505
- Gerber, Matthew J., and Tsu-Chin Tsao. 2018. “Twisting and Tilting Rotors for High-Efficiency, Thrust-Vectored Quadrotors.” Journal of Mechanisms and Robotics 10 (6): 061013. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4041261
- Gerdes, R. M. 1964. A Piloted Motion Simulator Investigation of Vtol Height-Control Requirements. NASA-TN-D-2451. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640018145
- Gerdes, R. M. 1977. “A Piloted Simulation of V/STOL Landings aboard a Non-Aviation Ship.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011163
- Gerdes, R. M. 1981. The X-14: 24 Years of V/STOL Flight Testing. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820031392
- Gerdes, R. M., and C. S. Hynes. 1971. “Factors Affecting Handling Qualities of a Lift- Fan Aircraft during Steep Terminal Area Approaches.” In AMERICAN HELICOPTER SOCIETY. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710050404
- Gerdes, R. M., and L. S. Rolls. 1969. Flight Evaluation of Tip-Turbine-Driven Fans for Lateral Control in a Hovering VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-5491. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690029422
- Gerend, R. 1971. “Propulsion Systems for Commercial STOL Aircraft.” In 7th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1971-746. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-746
- Gerhardt, H. A., and W. S. Chen. 1978. Study of Aerodynamic Technology for VSTOL Fighter/attack Aircraft: Vertical Attitude Concept. NASA-CR-152131. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790001855
- Gerken, Gary J. 1979. USAF Flying Qualities Requirements for a STOL (Short Takeoff and Landing) Transport. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada132587
- Gerlach, T. 2011. “Visualisation of the Brownout Phenomenon, Integration and Test on a Helicopter Flight Simulator.” Aeronautical Journal 115 (1163): 57–63. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000005364
- Gerolymos, G. A., S. Joly, M. Mallet, and I. Vallet. 2009. “RSM-RANS Computation of Aircraft Engine Intake U-Ducts.” In 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-4161. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4161
- Gertsen, W., and H. Shomber. 1965. “Longitudinal Handling Qualities Criteria: An Evaluation.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-780. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-780
- Gertsma, L. W., and Steve Zigan. 1973. “Propulsion System for Research VTOL Transports.” In ASME 1973 International Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/73-gt-24
- Getachew, Melkamu Tadesse, and Dinku Seyoum Zeleke. 2024. “Aerodynamic Modeling and Performance Analysis of Model Predictive Controller for Fixed Wing Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Engineering Research Express 6 (2): 025548. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ad4c61
- Geuther, Steven C., David D. North, and Ronald C. Busan. 2020. Investigation of a Tandem Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft in the NASA Langley 12-Foot Low-Speed Tunnel. Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205003178
- Ghaffari, Farhad, and John E. Lamar. 1985. “An Attached Flow Design of a Noninterferring Leading Edge Extension to a Thick Delta Wing.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040161535
- Ghanchi, Mohammadshadab A., and Srikanth Gururajan. 2026. “Lessons Learned from the Design, Development, and Subscale Flight Testing of a Hybrid-VTOL UAS.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1866. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1866
- Ghasemi, Ali, Farhad Parivash, and Serajeddin Ebrahimian. 2021. “Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor on a Moving Platform Using Vision-Based FOFPID Control.” Robotica 40 (5): 1431–49. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574721001181
- Ghee, Terence, Hugo Gonzalez, and David Findlay. 1999. “Experimental Investigation of Vortex-Tail Interaction on a 76/40 Degree Double-Delta Wing.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3159. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3159
- Gherman, Bogdan, Oana Dumitrescu, and Ion Malael. 2019. “Ground Effect Influence on Aircraft Exhaust Jet with Different Nozzle Configurations.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21507-1_4
- Ghoreishi, Ramin, and Brian C. Vermeire. 2023. “High-Order Simulation of the Caradonna and Tung Rotor in Hover.” In Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 6. Université de Sherbrooke. Faculté de génie. https://doi.org/10.17118/11143/20872
- Ghosh, Sayan. n.d. “Configurational Effect on Dust Cloud Formation and Brownout.” PhD diss., Iowa State University, Digital Repository. https://doi.org/10.31274/etd-180810-1122
- Ghosh, Sayan, Mark Lohry, and R. Rajagopalan. 2010. “Rotor Configurational Effect on Rotorcraft Brownout.” In 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2010-4238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4238
- Ghosh, Kunal, Aditya Paranjape, and Narayan Ananthkrishnan. 2006. “Effect of Thrust Vectoring on Aircraft Post: Stall Trims, Stability, and Maneuvers.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6486. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6486
- Ghosh, Sayan, and R. Ganesh Rajagopalan. 2022. “A Computational Study on Rotor and Fuselage Configuration Effect on Rotorcraft Brownout.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 67 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.012001
- Gibb, Randy, Rob Gray, and Lauren Scharff. 2016. “Pilot Perspective of Cues Used for Visual Flying.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315568584-11
- Gibertini, G., F. Auteri, G. Campanardi, C. Macchi, A. Zanotti, and A. Stabellini. 2011. “Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Aeronautical Journal 115 (1167): 315–22. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000005790
- Gibs, J., W. Stepniewski, and R. Spencer. 1975. “Effect of at-the-Source Noise Reduction on Performance and Weights of a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1975-205. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-205
- Gibson, John. 1990. “Evaluation of Alternate Handling Qualities Criteria in Highly Augmented Unstable Aircraft.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2844. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2844
- Gibson, Philip T., Graham H. Alexander, and Hobart A. Cress. 1968. Validation of Design Theory for Aircraft Arresting-Gear Cable. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0665328
- Gilbert, Barry. 1985. An Investigation of Turbulence Mechanisms in V/STOL Upwash Flow Fields. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada166286
- Gilbreath, Gregory, and Andrew Markofski. 2001. “A Limited Flight Test Evaluation of a Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Prediction Criterion.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4007. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4007
- Giles, R. 1970. “An Analytical Investigation of Short-Period Flying Qualities.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-569. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-569
- Giles, Michael. 1987. “Calculation of Unsteady Wake/rotor Interaction.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-6. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-6
- Gill, J. C., and J. D. Sauer. 1983. “Convertible Engines for Fold Tilt Rotor Aircraft and ABC Rotorcraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 39 - St. Louis, MO 1983. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f39-033
- Gillette, Darrell, Mark Page, and John Hodgkinsoni. 1993. “Flying Qualities Criteria for Adverse Weather.” In Aerospace Design Conference. AIAA 1993-1191. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-1191
- Gillingham, K. K. 1984. “Evaluation of the Malcolm Horizon in a Moving-Base Flight Simulator.” In NASA. Dryden Flight Research Center Peripheral Vision Horizon Display (PVHD). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850001744
- Gilmore, Arthur. 2025. Gilmore Group: Vertiport Infrastructure. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_sym_2025-5422
- Girfanov, A. M., and V. V. Pavlov. 2010. “Mathematical Model of Balancing for a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Disk-Wing Aircraft.” Russian Aeronautics (Iz VUZ) 53 (1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799810010010
- Giroux, Richard, Richard Gourdeau, Michel Pelletier, and Richard Hurteau. 2000. “A Linear Quadratic Tracker for VTOL-UAV Trajectory Control with Multivariable Constraints.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-4166. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4166
- Giulianetti, D. J., and J. A. Weiberg. 1964. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests of an Airplane Model with an Unswept Tilt Wing of Aspect Ratio of 5.5, and with Various Stall Control Devices. NASA-TN-D-2133. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640004814
- Giurca, Liviu. 2014. “Vertical Takeoff and Landing Powerplant for Aircraft.” International Journal of Unmanned Systems Engineering 2 (1): 9–14. https://doi.org/10.14323/ijuseng.2014.2
- Giurca, Liviu Grigorian. 2025. “The New Turbo Wing – TW Propulsion for VTOL Aircraft.” Incas Bulletin 17 (1): 87–91. https://doi.org/10.13111/2066-8201.2025.17.1.9
- Gladfelter, Matthew, Chengjian He, Hossein Saberi, et al. n.d.-b. “Enhancements, Verification, and VMS Integration of VTOL Concept Vehicle Simulation Models.” In 80th Vertical Flight Society’s (VFS) Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240004883
- Gladfelter, Matthew, Chengjian He, Hossein Saberi, Carlos Malpica, Wayne Johnson, and Christopher Silva. n.d.-a. “Enhanced Flight Dynamics Models with Aerodynamic Interference for Real-Time Simulation of VTOL Concept Vehicles.” In Vertical Flight Society’s 79th Annual Forum & Technology Display (Forum 79). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230005196
- Glasgow, E. R., W. E. Beck, and R. R. Woollett. 1981. “Zero-Length Inlets for Subsonic V/STOL Aircraft.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810057782
- Glizde, Nikolajs, and Margarita Urbaha. 2019. “Remotely Piloted Aircraft System Air Vehicle Type Selection.” In Engineering for Rural Development, vol. 18. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. https://doi.org/10.22616/erdev2019.18.n241
- Glucksman-Glaser, Mark, and Anya Jones. 2012. “Effects of Model Scaling on Sediment Transport in Brownout.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-2915. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2915
- Godfroy-Cooper, Martine, Elizabeth M. Wenzel, Zoltan P. Szoboszlay, and J. Miller. 2017. “3D-Sonification for Obstacle Avoidance in Brownout Conditions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12046
- Goertz, Stefan. 2003. “Time-Accurate Euler Simulations of a Full-Span Delta Wing at High Incidence.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-4304. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4304
- Goertz, Stefan, and Yann Le Moigne. 2003. “Detached-Eddy Simulations of a Full-Span Delta Wing at High Incidence.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-4216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4216
- Goetz, G., J. Young, and J. Palcza. 1976. “A Two-Dimensional Airframe Integrated Nozzle Design with Inflight Thrust Vectoring and Reversing Capabilities for Advanced Fighter Aircraft.” In 12th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1976-626. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-626
- Gogidze, George J., Sidaard Gunasekaran, and Jielong Cai. 2023. “Effect of Propeller Incidence Angle on Wing Embedded Propeller Configuration in Forward Flight.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2284. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2284
- Gogoi, Aishwarjya, Rohit Vashistha, and Nagendra Gopal. 2021. “Study of Variation in Vectored Thrust with Nozzle Deformation Due to Exhaust Gas Pressure and Temperature.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3556. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3556
- Goh, G. L., G. D. Goh, and Z. W. Zhong. 2019. “Outdoor Autonomous Landing of a Quadcopter on a Moving Platform Using off-Board Computer Vision.” Journal of Modeling and Optimization 11 (2): 86–96. https://doi.org/10.32732/jmo.2019.11.2.86
- Goka, T., J. Sorensen, S. Schmidt, and C. Paulk Jr. 1980. “Model Development for Automatic Guidance of a VTOL Aircraft to a Small Aviation Ship.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1617. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1617
- Goland, L., N. Miller, and L. Butler. 1964. Effects of Propeller Slipstream on V/STOL Aircraft Performance and Stability. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608186
- Gold, T., and R. Walchli. 1974. “A Head-up Display for All-Weather Approach and Landing of Tilt-Wing V/STOL Aircraft.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-952
- Goldberger, Stephen. 1966. On the Relative Importance of the Low Speed Control Requirement for V/ STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0644191
- Goldschmidt, James, and Lawrence Ukeiley. 2025. “Induced Flow Measurements and Analytical Tonal Noise Predictions for a Sub-Scale eVTOL Rotor.” International Journal of Aeroacoustics 24 (7–8): 524–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/1475472x251382214
- Goldsmith, R. H., and D. H. Hickey. 1963a. Characteristics of Aircraft with Lifting-Fan Propulsion Systems for V/STOL. IAS PAPER 63-27. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630015522
- Goldsmith, R. H., and D. H. Hickey. 1963b. Characteristics of Lifting-Fan V/STOL Aircraft. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630027574
- Goldstein, Kewin. 1982. “VTOL and VSTOL Handling Qualities Specifications an Overview of the Current Status.” In Proceedings of the National Specialists Meeting on Handling Qualities, Moffett Field, CA 1982. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_1982-4947
- Goldthorpe, Steven, Kenneth Rossitto, David Hyde, and Krish Krothapalli. 2010. “X-48B Blended Wing Body Flight Test Performance of Maximum Sideslip and High to Post Stall Angle-of-Attack Command Tracking.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7514
- Golovkin, M. A., and N. N. Tarasov. 2009. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Models of Vertical Take-off Aircraft (Tiltrotor) for a Wide Range of Anglesof Attack.” TsAGI Science Journal 40 (4): 437–52. https://doi.org/10.1615/tsagiscij.v40.i4.30
- Goman, M., A. Khrabrov, and A. Studnev. 1992. “Stochastic Self-Induced Roll Oscillations of Slender Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-4498. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4498
- Goman, M., and E. Kolesnikov. 1998. “Robust Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Method for an Aircraft Motion Control.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4208. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4208
- Gomes de Souza, Gabriel, and Higor Luis Silva. 2025. “Design and Parameters Impact Evaluation on the Performance of an eVTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 27th International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2023.cob2023-1641
- Gomez Ariza, David. n.d. “Study of the Sensitivity to the Lateral Wind of a Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with VTOL Flight Capabilities.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/ffacea34z4878z4c1ez93c4zd10bde4f4944
- Gonçalves, Luís E., and Roberto Gil A. da Silva. 2025. “Parametric Study of Propeller-Wing Aerodynamic Interaction Using VSPAERO for Conceptual Aircraft Design.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3290. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3290
- González-Tejeda, Fabián, Brenda Ivette García-Maya, and Hernán Abaunza. 2026. “Autonomous UAV Landing via Visual Servoing and Semi-Markov Decision Processes.” Unmanned Systems: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385027410056
- Gonzalo, Jonah Gonzalo. 2026. “Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality in Aviation Education and Pilot Training: A Systematic Review.” Global Journal of Engineering and Technology Research 02 (05). https://doi.org/10.65150/ep-gjetr/v2e5/2026-04
- Goodall, Ralph E. 1977. Advanced Technology Helicopter Landing Gear. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada048891
- Goodrich, Kenneth H. 2016. Simplified Vehicle Operations and Airspace Integration. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2016_tvf-4253
- Goodson, Kenneth W. 1966a. “Comparison of Wind-Tunnel and Flight Results on a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing Configuration.” In Conference on V/STOL and STOL aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015322
- Goodson, K. W. 1966b. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Flapped Tilt-Wing Four-Propeller V/STOL TRANSPORT Model. NASA-TN-D-3217. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660007635
- Goodson, K. W. 1967a. Effect of Ground Proximity on the Longitudinal, Lateral, and Control Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Tilt-Wing Four-Propeller V/STOL Model. NASA-TN-D-4237. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680002051
- Goodson, K. W. 1967b. Ground Effects on a Four-Propeller Tilt- Wing Configuration over a Fixed and a Moving Ground Plane. NASA-TN-D-3938. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670014491
- Goodson, K. W., and P. F. Yaggy. 1960. Aerodynamics of Tilting Ducted-Fan Configurations. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004811
- Goodyear Aerospace Corp Akron Oh. 1958. Convoplane Preliminary Design Study, Model Construction, and Wind Tunnel Test. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0215773
- Gopalarathnam, Ashok, and Hidehiro Segawa. 2008. “Use of Lift Superposition for Improved Computational Efficiency of Wing Post-Stall Prediction.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-7049. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7049
- Goraj, Zdobyslaw Jan, and Ewa Cichocka. 2016. “Influence of Weak and Strong Gyroscopic Effects on Light Aircraft Dynamics.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (5): 613–22. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2015-0076
- Gordnier, Raymond E. 1991. Computation of a Kelvin-Helmholtz Instability for Delta Wing Vortex Flows. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada244320
- Gordnier, Raymond. 1993. “Computation of Delta-Wing Roll Maneuvers.” In 23rd Fluid Dynamics, Plasmadynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1993-2975. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2975
- Gordnier, Raymond. 1996. “Computational Study of a Turbulent Delta-Wing Flowfield Using Two-Equation Turbulence Models.” In Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2076. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2076
- Gordnier, Raymond, and Reid Melville. 1999. “Physical Mechanisms for Limit-Cycle Oscillations of a Cropped Delta Wing.” In 30th Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3796. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3796
- Gordnier, Raymond, and Miguel Visbal. 1993. “Numerical Simulation of Delta-Wing Roll.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-554
- Gordnier, Raymond, and Miguel Visbal. 2004. “Numerical Simulation of Nonslender Delta Wing Buffet at High Angle of Attack.” In 45th AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics & Materials Conference. AIAA 2004-2047. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2047
- Gordon, Rachel. 1990. “Numerical Simulation of Vortical Flows over a Strake-Delta Wing and a Close Coupled Delta-Canard Configuration.” In 8th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1990-3002. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3002
- Gorham, J. 1977. “Operational and Performance Criteria for STOL Aircraft Landings in Low Visibility Weather Conditions.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-577. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-577
- Gothing, Grant. 2025. Testing Battery Sensitivities of Electric Aircraft Systems Using a Battery Pack Surrogate. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5328
- Gotlieb, P., G. E. Lewis, and L. J. Little. 1976. Preliminary Design-Lift/cruise Fan Research and Technology Airplane Flight Control System. NASA-CR-137971. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770004121
- Goto, Sho, and Masafumi Miwa. 2017. “Development of VTOL with Movable Legs.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2017 (0): 1P2-E06. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2017.1p2-e06
- Gottschalg, Gideon, Arne Strauss, Nikola Ivanov, Bojana Mirkovic, and Juan Blasco Puyuelo. 2025. “Vertiport Location Planning for Urban Air Mobility Airport Shuttle Services under Uncertainty.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5402391
- Gottschall, Marcel, Bastian Binder, and Alexis Castel. 2022. “Towards Certification by Simulation with Model-Based Continuous Engineering Processes Showcased on eVTOL Application.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1242
- Gouveia, Marta, Veruska Mazza Rodrigues Dias, and Jorge Miguel Reis Silva. 2022. “Management of Urban Air Mobility for Sustainable and Smart Cities: Vertiport Networks Using a User-Centred Design.” Journal of Airline and Airport Management 12 (1): 15. https://doi.org/10.3926/jairm.207
- Govdeli, Yunus. n.d. “Design, Modeling and Control of a Lightweight 3D Printed Fixed Wing VTOL UAV.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/143610
- Govers, Francis X. 2024. Simplified Vehicle Operations: Pathway to Autonomy. https://doi.org/10.52202/075106-0007
- Govindarajan, Bharath, and Ananth Sridharan. 2021. “Hybrid Powertrain Systems for Hybrid VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3221. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3221
- Govindarajan, Bharath, Ananth Sridharan, and Inderjit Chopra. 2018. “A Scalability Study of the Multirotor Biplane Tailsitter Using Conceptual Sizing.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12728
- Gowanlock, Derek. 2025. Canadian VTOL R&D at the National Research Council. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5306
- Gozzo, F., and Robert L. Vienneau. 1987. “Estimating Pilot Workload and Its Impact on System Performance.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f43-1008
- Gracey, W. 1967. Operational Aspects of Steep VTOL Approaches as Determined from Helicopter Tests under Simulated IFR Conditions. NASA-TM-X-60457. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680018078
- Gracey, W. 1968. Comparison of Information Display Concepts for Landing of VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-4861. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690000738
- Grady, Walter T., and Bernard Lindenbaum. 2000. “VTOL Hybrid Airship Review.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f56-00123
- Grafton, S. B., and E. L. Anglin. 1975. Free-Flight Model Investigation of a Vertical-Attitude VTOL Fighter with Twin Vertical Tails. NASA-TN-D-8089. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760003954
- Grafton, S., W. Gilber, M. Croom, and D. Murri. 1982. “High Angle-of-Attack Characteristics of a Forward-Swept Wing Fighterconfiguration.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1322. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1322
- Grafton, S. B., and W. A. Newsom Jr. 1971a. Flight Investigation of a V/STOL Transport Model Having Six Wing-Mounted Lift Fans. NASA-TN-D-6198. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710012594
- Grafton, S. B., and W. A. Newsom Jr. 1971b. Flight Investigation of a V/STOL Transport Model with Four Pod-Mounted Lift Fans. NASA-TN-D-6129. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710007948
- Graham, Mitchell, and Subodh Bhandari. 2022. “6-DOF Flight Dynamics Model Identification of a Hybrid-Lift Multicopter in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1209
- Grahame, W. 1968. “The Aerodynamic Effects of Lift Jet and Lift Fan Inlets in Transition Flight.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-637. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-637
- Granasy, Peter. 1995. “Thrust Vectoring at High Angle of Attack.” In Aircraft Engineering, Technology, and Operations Congress. AIAA 1995-3923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3923
- Grantham, W., and L. Nguyen. 1977. “Recent Ground-Based and in-Flight Simulator Studies of Low-Speed Handling Characteristics of Supersonic Cruise Transport Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1144
- Gratton, Guy. 2018. “An Introduction to Flying Qualities Evaluation.” In Initial Airworthiness. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75617-2_11
- Gray, William. 2009. “Handling Qualities Evaluation at the USAF Test Pilot School.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-6317. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6317
- Gray, W. H., and David Biermann. 1941. Wind-Tunnel Tests of Eight-Blade Single and Dual-Rotating Propellers in the Tractor Position. NACA-WR-L-384. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930093332
- Gray, L., and E. Kisielowski. 1971. Practical Engineering Methods for Predicting Hot Gas Reingestion Characteristics of V/STOL Aircraft Jet Lift Engines. NASA-CR-111845. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710009239
- Gray, R. B., A. M. McCaskill, D. F. Gebhard, and L. Goland. 1953. Model Study of Helicopter Dynamic Stability and Control. Phase 2. Comparison of Theoretical and Experimental Results near Hovering Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0013280
- Gray, W., Jr. 1964. “Nasa Flight Research Center Handling-Qualities Program on General-Aviation Aircraft.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-192
- Greco, Paulo, Jr., William Anemaat, Chris Hardin, et al. 1997. “Effect of Wing Sweep Direction on Suckdown for a Hovering STOVL Model.” In 15th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1997-2315. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-2315
- Green, H. L. 1966. Field Tests of AM3 Landing Mat. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0737272
- Green, D. L. 1982. Cockpit Integration from a Pilot’S Point of View. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_1982-2068
- Green, F. 1988. “Computer Simulation of Pilot-Induced Oscillation for the High Technology Test Bed Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4142. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4142
- Green, David, and Harold Andrews. 1989. “Application of Synthesized Tactics to the Design and Evaluation of VTOL, V/STOL and STOVL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2143
- Green, F., and S. Hoffmann. 1986. “Design and Development of a Three-Axis Augmentation System for a Class III STOL Assault Transport.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2709. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2709
- Green, K. A., and J. J. Zanine. 1984. “Estimation of Hot Gas Reingestion for a VTOL Aircraft at the Conceptual Design Stage.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/841555
- Greene, Peter R. 2020. “Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft, Vertical Takeoff and Landing Ground Effects.” SAE International Journal of Aerospace 14 (1): 33–43. https://doi.org/10.4271/01-14-01-0001
- Greenwell, D., and N. Wood. 1993. “Static Roll Moment Characteristics of Asymmetric Tangential Leading Edge Blowing on a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-52. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-52
- Gregoire, Jerome. 2023. “eVTOL Mass Variation with Powertrain Configurations and Energy Mix: To Gear or Not to Gear.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.21778991.v1
- Gregory, Irene. 1998. “Dynamic Inversion to Control Large Flexible Transport Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4323. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4323
- Gregory, James W., and Matthew H. McCrink. 2016. “Accuracy of Smartphone-Based Barometry for Altitude Determination in Aircraft Flight Testing.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-0270. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0270
- Greif, R. K., E. B. Fry, R. M. Gerdes, and T. D. Gossett. 1972. Effect of Stabilization on VTOL Aircraft in Hovering Flight. NASA-TN-D-6900. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720020365
- Gress, Gary. 2003a. “A Dual-Fan VTOL Aircraft Using Opposed Lateral Tilting for Pitch Control.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000269
- Gress, G. R. 2003b. “Opposed Lateral Tilting (OLT) for Hover Pitch Control: A Preliminary Analysis of Aircraft Stability, Control Loads, and Scalability.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000275
- Gress, Gary. 2007. “Lift Fans as Gyroscopes for Controlling Compact VTOL Air Vehicles: Overview and Development Status of Oblique Active Tilting.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f63-000113
- Gress, Gary. 2024. “Transitioning eVTOL Aircraft with Augmentative Cross-Modal Elements.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1250
- Grether, Walter F. 1973. Optical Factors in Aircraft Windshield Design as Related to Pilot Visual Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0767203
- Griffin, D. 1983. “Supersonic V/STOL: Tandem Fan Concepts.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2567
- Griffin, John M., and Robert G. Bellaire. 1968. A Graphical Summary of Military Helicopter Flying and Ground Handling Qualities of MIL-H-8501A. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0850270
- Griffiths, Daniel A., Shreyas Ananthan, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2005. “Predictions of Rotor Performance in Ground Effect Using a Free-Vortex Wake Model.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 50 (4): 302–14. https://doi.org/10.4050/1.3092867
- Griffiths, Daniel A., and J. Gordon Leishman. 2002. “A Study of Dual-Rotor Interference and Ground Effect Using a Free-Vortex Wake Model.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f58-00166
- Grima, Alexander. 2016. Aerodynamic Characterisation of an Experimental Tilt-Wing Aircraft. ARC-E-DAA-TN31971. Välkommen Till Kth. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190027230
- Grima, Alexander, Colin R. Theodore, Oliver Garrow, Ben Lawrence, and Linnéa Persson. 2016. “Aerodynamic Analysis of the Elytron 2S Experimental Tiltwing Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-2008
- Gripp, Juliano A. B., Marco Aurélio Guimarães Moreira, Luis Gonzaga Trabasso, and Cleverson Marinho. 2023. “Control Allocation to Roll Fly-by-Wire Aircraft with Ailerons and Roll Spoilers.” In Proceedings of the XIX International Symposium on Dynamic Problems of Mechanics. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.diname2023.din2023-0107
- Grismer, Deborah, and Jerry Jenkins. 1996. “Critical-State Transients for a Rolling 65 Deg Delta Wing.” In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2432. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2432
- Grismer, Deborah, and Robert Nelson. 1994. “Aerodynamics of a Double Delta Wing Undergoing Pitching Motions with and without Sideslip.” In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1855. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1855
- Grondman, Fabian, Gertjan Looye, Richard O. Kuchar, Q. Ping Chu, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2018. “Design and Flight Testing of Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Control Laws for a Passenger Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-0385. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0385
- Grossman, Robert. 1963. “Characteristics of Particles Blown Away by Exhaust Jet Impingement on a Lunar Surface.” In Summer Meeting. AIAA 1963-199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-199
- Grotz, C. A. 1961. “Simulated VTOL Exhaust Impingement on Ground Surfaces.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/610117
- Gruchet, Alain Philippe. 2026. “Adaptive Cockpit Interfaces Based on Real-Time Pilot Biometric Monitoring.” Scientia. Technology, Science and Society 3 (6): 42–48. https://doi.org/10.59324/stss.2026.3(6).05
- Grunwald, Kalman J. 1961a. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing VTOL Model with Twin Vertical Tails, Including Effects of Ground Proximity. NASA-TN-D-901. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227988
- Grunwald, Kalman J. 1961b. Investigation of Longitudinal and Lateral Stability Characteristics of a Six-Propeller Deflected-Slipstream VTOL Model with Boundary-Layer Control Including Effects of Ground Proximity. NASA-TN-D-445. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227742
- Grunwald, K. J. 1964. Wall Effect and Scale Effect in V/stol Model Testing. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640007100
- Grunwald, K. J. 1965. Experimental Study of Wind-Tunnel Wall Effects and Wall Corrections for a General-Research V/stol Tilt-Wing Model with Flap. NASA-TN-D-2887. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650019033
- Grunwald, K. J. 1966. Investigation of a Semispan Tilt-Wing VTOL MODEL to Determine Ground Effect on Full-Span Flaps Used for Yaw Control in Hovering. NASA-TN-D-3437. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660018440
- Grunwald, Arthur. 2005. “Stability and Control of a Remotely Controlled Indoors Micro Hovering Vehicle.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-6283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6283
- Gruszecki, Jan, Tomasz Rogalski, and Dariusz Nowak. 2012. “Precision of Pilotage as a Function of Pilot Information Workload.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2012-4492. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4492
- Grzes, Michal, Maciej Slowik, and Zdzisław Gosiewski. 2019. “Multirotor UAV Sensor Fusion for Precision Landing.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91 (2): 241–48. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2018-0070
- Guan, Hao, Dongli Ma, Muqing Yang, Xinglu Xia, Fudong Sun, and Keran Cong. 2025. “A Novel Adaptive Refinement Gaussian Pseudospectrum Method for over-Actuated Vtol Mode Transition Trajectory Optimization.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5178599
- Guclu, Anil, Dilek F. Kurtulus, and Kutluk B. Arikan. 2016. “Attitude and Altitude Stabilization of Fixed Wing VTOL Unmanned Air Vehicle.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2016-3378. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3378
- Gudmundsson, Snorri. 2014. “The Anatomy of the Landing Gear.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-397308-5.00013-1
- Gudmundsson, Snorri. 2022. “The Anatomy of the Landing Gear.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818465-3.00013-6
- Guerreiro, Nelson, and James Hubbard. 2008. “Flight Testing of a Model Aircraft with Trailing-Edge Flaps Optimized for Lift Distribution Control.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6709. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6709
- Guerrero, Lourdes M., and Lloyd D. Corliss. 1991a. Handling Qualities Results of an Initial Geared Flap Tilt Wing Piloted Simulation. SAE-911201. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000023186
- Guerrero, Lourdes M., and Lloyd D. Corliss. 1991b. Initial Piloted Simulation Study of Geared Flap Control for Tilt-Wing V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-103872. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930001553
- Guillot, S., and E. Gutmark. 1999. “Lift Contol of a Delta Wing by Jet Injection.” In 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-137
- Guimarães, Thiago A., Carlos E. S. Cesnik, and Ilya Kolmanovsky. 2021. “Low Speed Aerodynamic Modeling for Control-Related Considerations in Supersonic Aircraft Design.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2531. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2531
- Güner, Feyyaz, J. V. R. Prasad, Chengjian He, and David A. Peters. 2021. “Fidelity Enhancement of a Multirotor Dynamic Inflow Model via System Identification.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 67 (2): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.67.022009
- Gunnarson, Tom. 2014. The Challenge of Change: A Historical Regulatory Perspective: Electric and VTOL Flight. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2014_tvf-4491
- Günsel, Sevinç, Şeref Naci Engin, and Mustafa Doğan. 2025. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for the MPC Controlled Fixed Wing UAV.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0013710600003982
- Guo, Jaff, Brad Cain, and Joe Armstrong. 2013. “Modelling Pilot Behaviour for Flight Control in a Helicopter Deck Landing Simulator.” Control and Intelligent Systems 41 (4). https://doi.org/10.2316/journal.201.2013.4.201-2436
- Gupta, Shubhanshu, S. Aadhithya, Abhishek Abhishek, and Mangal Kothari. 2023b. “Physics Based Flight Dynamic Modeling for Biplane Tailsitter during Forward Transition.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 79th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18192
- Gupta, N. K., and A. E. Bryson Jr. 1972. Guidance for a Tilt Rotor VTOL Aircraft during Takeoff and Landing. NASA-CR-132043. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730015345
- Gupta, Shubhanshu, Sreekar Doranala, Mangal Kothari, and A. Abhishek. 2025. “Model Based Transition Control for Biplane Tailsitter.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2128. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2128
- Gursul, I. 2004. “Recent Developments in Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” Aeronautical Journal 108 (1087): 437–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000269
- Gursul, Ismet, and Zhijin Wang. 2010. High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae016
- Gursul, Ismet, and Houbin Yang. 1994. “Vortex Breakdown over a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-536
- “Gust Response Equations of Motion: Formulation and Solution.” 1988. In Gust Loads on Aircraft: Concepts and Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861888.0115.0122
- Gustafson, F. B., H. L. Kelley, and R. J. Pegg. 1960. Aerodynamic Observations from Flight Tests of Two VTOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004818
- Guy, Yair, Julie Morrow, and Thomas McLaughlin. 2000. “Experimental Study of a Delta Wing with Upper and Lower Flaps.” In 18th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2000-4003. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4003
- Ha, Taerin, Juhyun Kim, Jinwan Lim, and Seongman Choi. 2025. “Experimental Study on the Performance Characteristics of Thrust Vectoring Nozzle of Transonic Aircraft.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 29 (6): 45–57. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2025.29.6.045
- Ha, Tae H., Keunseok Lee, and John T. Hwang. 2020. “Large-Scale Multidisciplinary Optimization under Uncertainty for Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0904. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0904
- Hadytama, Muhammad Rafi, and Rianto Adhy Sasongko. 2016. “Dynamics Simulation and Analysis of Transition Stage of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 842: 251–58. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.842.251
- Hafer, Xaver, and Gottfried Sachs. 1982. “VTOL-Antriebssysteme.” In Senkrechtstarttechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-81724-3_3
- Hafer, Carl A., and Douglas J. Skinner. 1960. Definition of the Dust Environment for Purposes of Gas Turbine Ingestion Studies. Phase 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0472676
- Hafezi, Hamid, Ali Bakhtiari, and Ali Khaki-Sedigh. 2022. “Design and Implementation of a Fault-Tolerant Controller Using Control Allocation Techniques in the Presence of Actuators Saturation for a VTOL Octorotor.” Robotica 40 (9): 3057–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0263574722000054
- Hah, C., and B. Lakshminarayana. 1980. “Freestream Turbulence Effects on the Development of a Rotor Wake.” In 13th Fluid and PlasmaDynamics Conference. AIAA 1980-1431. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1431
- Hahn, Cortney J., Artur Wolek, Adit S. Misar, and Mesbah Uddin. 2025. “Characterizing Vortex Ring State during UAV Landing on a Ground Vehicle Using CFD.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1686. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1686
- Hahne, D. E. 1985. “Exploratory Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Study of Concepts Designed to Improve Aircraft Stability and Control at High Angles of Attack.” PhD diss., George. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860010873
- Haines, R. F. 1980. Head-up Transition Behavior of Pilots during Simulated Low-Visibility Approaches. NASA-TP-1618. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800017541
- Hajiyev, Chingiz, Halil Ersin Soken, and Sıtkı Yenal Vural. 2015a. “Equations of Motion for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In State Estimation and Control for Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16417-5_2
- Hajiyev, Chingiz, Halil Ersin Soken, and Sıtkı Yenal Vural. 2015b. “Estimation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Dynamics.” In State Estimation and Control for Low-cost Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16417-5_4
- Hall, G. 1968a. “Experimental Investigations of Ground-Jet Suppression Fences for VTOL Aircraft Prepared Sites.” In 4th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1968-639. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-639
- Hall, G. R. 1968b. Recirculation and Ingestion Characteristics of a Large Scale VTOL Lift Engine Pod Topical Report. NASA-CR-72410. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690002901
- Hall, G. 1970a. “Model Tests of Concepts to Reduce Hot Gas Ingestion in VTOL Lift Engines.” In 2nd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-905. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-905
- Hall, G. R. 1970b. Scaling of VTOL Recirculation Effects. NASA-CR-1625. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700026530
- Hall, G. R. 1971. Model Tests of Concepts to Reduce Hot Gas Ingestion in VTOL Lift Engines. NASA-CR-1863. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710022894
- Hall, G. Warren. 1987. Flight Researh at NASA Ames Research Center: A Test Pilot’s Perspective. NASA-TM-100025. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880001406
- Hall, Charles. 2011. “Development and Flight Testing of a Winged UAS with Vertical Take-Off and Landing Capabilities.” In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2011-1160. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1160
- Hall, Robert M., Gary E. Erickson, Charles H. Fox Jr., Daniel W. Banks, and David F. Fisher. 1998. Evaluation of Gritting Strategies for High Angle of Attack Using Wind Tunnel and Flight Test Data for the F/A-18. NASA/TP-1998-207670. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980137574
- Hall, L. P., D. H. Hickey, and J. V. Kirk. 1967a. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Large-Scale V/STOL Transport Model with Lift and Lift-Cruise Fans. NASA-TN-D-4092. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670024125
- Hall, L. P., B. K. Hodder, and J. V. Kirk. 1967b. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a V/STOL Transport Model with Wing-Mounted Lift Fans and Fuselage-Mounted Lift-Cruise Engines for Propulsion. NASA-TN-D-4233. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670030869
- Hall, L. P., B. K. Hodder, and J. V. Kirk. 1971. “Aerodynamics of Lift Fan V/STOL Aircraft.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710063880
- Hall, Charles, Jr. 1992. “A Stability Augmentation System for Student Designed Remotely-Piloted Vehicles.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4261. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4261
- Ham, N. D. 1986. Individual-Blade-Control Research in the MIT VTOL Technology Laboratory 1977-1985. NASA-CR-177121. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860019482
- Ham, N. D., and H. P. Whitaker. 1978. A Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Tilt-Rotor Gust Alleviation Systems. NASA-CR-152264. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790017891
- Hamadi, Hussein. n.d. “Fault-Tolerant Control of a Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle under Hardware and Software Failures.” PhD diss., Compiègne. https://doi.org/10.70675/5461d70dzc9cbz4423za3bczc663eda32e4d
- Hamed, A., G. Laskowski, A. Hamed, and G. Laskowski. 1997. “A Parametric Study of Slot Injection Thrust Vectoring in a 2DCD Nozzle.” In 33rd Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-3154. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3154
- Hameduddin, Ismail, and Abdulrahman Bajodah. 2011b. “Nonlinear Generalized Dynamic Inversion Aircraft Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6638. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6638
- Hamel, Peter G. 2017. “Variable Stability Aircraft and in-Flight Simulators.” In In-Flight Simulators and Fly-by-Wire/Light Demonstrators. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53997-3_5
- Hamidani, Ali, and Donald Kunz. 2018. “Evaluating the Autonomous Flying Qualities of a Simulated Variable Stability Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-1019. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1019
- Hamilton, D., and S. Richardson. 1988. “V/STOL Advantages for Ground Attack.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1988-4478. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4478
- Hammond, A. D. 1966. Thrust Losses in Hovering for Jet VTOL AIRCRAFT. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015329
- Hammond, A. D., and R. J. Margason. 1964. Lateral Control Characteristics of a Powered Model of a Twin-Propeller Deflected Slipstream Stol Airplane Configuration. NASA-TN-D-1585. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650001221
- Hammond, A. D., and H. C. McLemore. 1967. Hot-Gas Ingestion and Jet Interference Effects for Jet V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-X-60449. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680016722
- Han, Xiaoyu. 2026a. “Disturbance-Observer-Based Tracking Control for a UAV Landing Guidance Platform.” Applied and Computational Engineering 206 (1): 52–58. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/2026.32371
- Han, Wei. 2026b. “Ground Effect in Thrust-Lift Conversion Using the Deflected Slipstream Concept in Martian Conditions.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 69. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904251-141
- Han, Wei, Manuel Carreno Ruiz, and Domenic D’Ambrosio. 2025b. “Thrust-Lift Conversion in a Fixed-Wing Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAS in the Martian Atmosphere.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3584. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3584
- Han, Jianhuan, and Guanxin Hong. 2015. “Modeling of Aircraft with Time-Varying Inertia Properties.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2015-1133. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1133
- Han, Yiwen, and Chaoqiang Liu. 2026. “Research on a Real-Time Pilot-Induced Oscillation Detector Based on a Convolutional Neural Network.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2026-99-1613
- “Handling Qualities.” 2000. In Flight Control Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866555.0119.0169
- “Handling Qualities Analysis.” 2008. In Flight Mechanics Modeling and Analysis. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b15919-14
- “Handling Qualities Workshop: 40 Years with the Cooper-Harper Scale.” 2009. In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-5934. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5934
- Hanff, E., and X. Huang. 1991. “Roll-Induced Cross-Loads on a Delta Wing at High Incidence.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3223. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3223
- Hanff, E., and S. Jenkins. 1990. “Large-Amplitude High-Rate Roll Experiments on a Delta and Double Delta Wing.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-224. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-224
- Hange, Craig E., Tim Naumowicz, Doug Wardwell, Richard J. Margason, and Tom Arledge. 1996b. “Hover/Ground-Effect Testing and Characteristics for a Joint Strike Fighter Configuration.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/962253
- Hange, Craig, Tim Naumowicz, Douglas Wardwell, Richard Margason, Tom Arledge, and Lawrence Olson. 1996a. Comparison of Hover/Ground-Effect Characteristics for a Joint Strike Fighter Configuration. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20020040904
- Hange, C., and D. Wardwell. 1992. “Small Scale Jet Effects and Hot Gas Ingestion Investigations at NASAAmes.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4252. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4252
- Hange, Craig, and Douglas Wardwell. 1993. “Hot Gas Ingestion Characteristics of a 5.3 Percent Scale Model of the Mixed-Flow Vectored-Thrust (MFVT) ASTOVL Aircraft Concept.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4889. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4889
- Hanson, Curt, Jacob Schaefer, John J. Burken, David Larson, and Marcus Johnson. 2014. Complexity and Pilot Workload Metrics for the Evaluation of Adaptive Flight Controls on a Full Scale Piloted Aircraft. NASA/TM-2014-216640. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140005730
- Harada, Masanori, Masataka Ito, Hideyuki Nagata, and Kevin Bollino. 2012. “Minimum-Time Hover-to-Hover Maneuver of a Single Coaxial Rotor UAV: Example and Experimental Results.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-4836. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4836
- Harasani, Wail Ismail Abdullah. 2015. “A Survey of Subscale Aircraft Primary Flight Control Actuator Dynamic Response Characteristics.” GSTF Journal on Aviation Technology 1 (2). https://doi.org/10.5176/2382-5758_1.2.10
- Harding, John Craig. n.d. “The Design of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft for the General Aviation Market.” PhD diss., Dartmouth College. https://doi.org/10.1349/ddlp.3136
- Hardy, Karim. 2026. “System-Level Safety Engineering of Unmanned Aircraft Operations: Incident-Derived Requirements for Control, Feedback, and Recovery.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9739059/v1
- Hardy, W. G. S., and G. B. Matthews. 1968. Wind Tunnel Wall Effects in V/STOL Model Testing Final Report, 1 Oct. 1965: 31 Mar. 1967. NASA-CR-66721. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690005579
- Harenberg, H. L. 1962. “Application of a Bang-Bang Servo System to VTOL Stability Augmentation.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/620480
- Harendra, P. B., M. J. Joglekar, T. M. Gaffey, and R. L. Marr. 1973. V/STOL Tilt Rotor Study. Volume 5: A Mathematical Model for Real Time Flight Simulation of the Bell Model 301 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft. NASA-CR-114614. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730022217
- Hargraves, Charles R. 1961. An Analytical Study of the Longitudinal Dynamics of a Tilt-Wing VTOL. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0268350
- Hariharan, Nathan S. 2020. “An Overview of Wake-Breakdown in High-Fidelity Simulations of Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0530
- Hariharan, Nathan S., T. Alan Egolf, Robert Narducci, and Lakshmi N. Sankar. 2015. “Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamic Modeling in Hover: AIAA Standardized Hover Evaluations.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1242. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1242
- Hariharan, Nathan S., T. Alan Egolf, and Lakshmi N. Sankar. 2014. “Simulation of Rotor in Hover: Current State, Challenges and Standardized Evaluation.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0041. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0041
- Harish Ragavendra, T., P. A. Anupama, K. S. Jai Pranesh, D. Lakshmanan, and R. Abinaya. 2025. “Computational Investigation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Control in Modified Vikas Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 18 (3). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.18.3.2915
- Harisrinivasan, Ukeshkumar, Roshan Vignesh Baskaran, and Vr Sanal Kumar. 2018. “Numerical Studies on Augmented Thrust Vectoring System for Pintle Nozzle Using Secondary Sonic Jet.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4901. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4901
- Harned, M. S., and R. E. Head. 1965. “Hot Cycle Rotor/Wing High-Speed VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the 1st National Symposium on V/STOL Aircraft, Subsystem Design and Testing and Operation - Ohio 1965. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-3034
- Harper, C. W. 1966. The Challenge of V/STOL Transport. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660063600
- Harper, Howard P., and Wladimir Sardanowsky. 1969. A Study of Task Performance and Handling Qualities Evaluation Techniques at Hover and in Low-Speed Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0858184
- Harper Jr. and Robert P. 1955. Flight Evaluations of Various Longitudinal Handling Qualities in a Variable-Stability Jet Fighter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0092496
- Harris, R. J. 1956. STOL CAPABILITIES. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0140231
- Harris, White J. 1969. Turbojet Engine Analyzer System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0856377
- Harris, Franklin D. 1999. “Technical Note: Twin Rotor Hover Performance.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 44 (1): 34–37. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.44.34
- Harris, Jeffrey, and G. Black. 1996. “F-22 Control Law Development and Flying Qualities.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3379. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3379
- Harris, Franklin Dewitt, and Catherine Dow. 2015. Introduction to Autogyros, Helicopters, and Other V/STOL Aircraft Volume III: Other V/STOL Aircraft. NASA/SP–2015-215959/VOL. III. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190000456
- Harris, Joshua, Christopher M. Elliott, and Greg S. Tallant. 2019. “Stability and Performance Robustness of an L1 Adaptive Dynamic Inversion Flight Control System.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0141
- Harris, Joshua, Christopher M. Elliott, and Greg S. Tallant. 2022. “L1 Adaptive Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for the Innovative Control Effectors Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0791. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0791
- Harris, D., J. Gautrey, K. Payne, and R. Bailey. 2000. “The Cranfield Aircraft Handling Qualities Rating Scale: A Multidimensional Approach to the Assessment of Aircraft Handling Qualities.” Aeronautical Journal 104 (1034): 191–98. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000028098
- Harris, R. L., and Bobby J. Glover. 1984. “Effects of Digital Altimetry on Pilot Workload.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/841489
- Harry, Charles W., and Lynn A. Trobaugh. 1966. Wind Tunnel Investigation of an Aspect Ratio 10 Tandem Wing Aircraft Configuration in Ground Effect. Part i. Longitudinal Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0641246
- Hart, K. G. 1956. Automatic Flight Control Systems for Piloted Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0108104
- Hartman, David. 2019. “Identification of Hazardous Flight Conditions to Establish a Safe Flight Envelope for Autonomous Multirotor Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1292. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1292
- Hartmann, Philipp, Carsten Meyer, and Dieter Moormann. 2016. “Unified Approach for Velocity Control and Flight State Transition of Unmanned Tiltwing Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2016-2101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-2101
- Hartmann, Philipp, Marten Schütt, and Dieter Moormann. 2017. “Control of Departure and Approach Maneuvers of Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2017-1914. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1914
- Hartmann, G. L., G. Stein, and S. G. Pratt. 1979a. Digital Adaptive Controllers for VTOL Vehicles. Volume 1: Concept Evaluation. NASA-CR-159154-VOL-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800007805
- Hartmann, G. L., G. Stein, and S. G. Pratt. 1979b. Digital Adaptive Controllers for VTOL Vehicles. Volume 2: Software Documentation. NASA-CR-159154-VOL-2. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800007806
- Hartwich, Peter-M., C.-H. Hsu, James M. Luckring, and C. H. Liu. 1988. Numerical Study of the Vortex Burst Phenomenon for Delta Wings. AIAA PAPER 88-0505. Vigyan Research Associates, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880042596
- Harvey, Douglas P., and John D. Waugh. 1976. Influence of Pilot Incapacitation on Low Speed and Hovering Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada023728
- Hasbrook, A. Howard. 1957. “Designing for Survival in VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 13 - Washington, D.C. 1957. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f13-006
- Hascaryo, Rodra W., and Jason M. Merret. 2020. “Configuration-Independent Initial Sizing Method for UAM/eVTOL Vehicles.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2630. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2630
- Hasdorff, L., L. D. Corliss, and T. D. Gossett. 1970. Design of a Model Following, State Variable Feedback Controller for the X-14 VTOL Aircraft. Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950028569
- Haskins, David M., and David M. Haskins. 2008. “The Pulsed Turbine Rotor Engine VTOL Propulsion Concept and Applications: Capturing the Elusive Jet-Powered Flying Car and Redesigning a Radical Variant of the V-22 Osprey.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2008-01-2269
- Hassan, Ahmed A. 2005. Hybrid Pulsed Suction/Pulsed Blowing Jets for Improved Airfoil Stall/Post Stall Aerodynamics. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f61-000167
- Hassan, Ahmed. 2006. “A Two-Point Active Flow Control Strategy for Improved Airfoil Stall/Post-Stall Aerodynamics.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-99. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-99
- Hassan, Ahmed. 2008. “Active Flow Control: A Technology for Advanced Rotorcraft and High-Speed Tiltrotor Aircraft (Invited).” In 4th Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2008-3867. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-3867
- Hassell, James L., Jr., and Robert H. Kirby. 1966. “Descent Capability of Two-Propeller Tilt-Wing Configurations.” In Conference on V/STOL and STOL aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015321
- Hastedt, Philipp, Julian Theis, Nicolas Sedlmair, and Frank Thielecke. 2022. “Load Factor Control of a Scaled Flight Test Vehicle Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0283
- Hastings, Earl C., and Grady L. Mitcham. 1954b. Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of the Consolidated Vultee XFY-1 Airplane with Windmilling Propellers as Obtained from Flight of 0.133-Scale Rocket-Propelled Model at Mach Numbers from 0.70 to 1.13. NACA-RM-SL54F11. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023311
- Hastings, Earl E., Jr., and Grady L. Mitcham. 1954a. Flight Determination of the Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a 0.133-Scale Rocket-Powered Model of the Consolidated Vultee XFY-1 Airplane without Propellers at Mach Numbers from 0.73 to 1.19, TED No. NACA DE 369. NACA-RM-SL54B03A. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050030055
- Hatfield, Michael C., Levi Purdy, Logan Graves, and William Remmert. 2021. “Heavy Lift Multirotor Unmanned Aircraft System for beyond-Visual-Line-of-Sight Operations in the National Airspace System.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0043. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0043
- Hatta, Keizo, and Masakatsu Matsuki. 1964. “Engines for V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 67 (545): 818–25. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.67.545_818
- Haugen, Jimmy. 1966. “A Fluidic Approach to Control of VTOL Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1966-1866. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-1866
- Havey, C., and Margaret Kline. 1989. “Propulsion Optimization for Conceptual STOVL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2020. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2020
- Haviland, Stephen T., Dmitry Bershadsky, and Eric N. Johnson. 2016. “Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of a VTOL Freewing Concept.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-1289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1289
- Hawk, J., R. Barnett, P. O’Neil, and N. Walters. 1990. “Investigation of High Angle of Attack Vortical Flows over Delta Wings.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-101
- “The Hawker P1127 Vectored Thrust Fighter Program: Lessons Learned.” 1990. In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3238
- Hawkswell, George N., Rob Miller, and Graham Pullan. 2022. “Selection of Propeller-Wing Configuration for Blown Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1024. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1024
- Haworth, Loran A., Zoltan P. Szoboszlay, and Carol Simpson. 2001. “A Comparison of the AVS-9 and the Panoramic Night Vision Goggles during Rotorcraft Hover and Landing.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f57-00041
- Hay, DeLynn R. 1970. C-141A Ground Flotation Test on Landing Mat and Unsurfaced Runways– Civil Engineering Support. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0872113
- Hayama, Kiyoteru, Hiroki Irie, Kazuhiro Koshi, and Kazuo Okabe. 2025. “Prototype of Tilted Triple Rotor Attached Kiteplane for Vertical Take-off and Landing.” In The Proceedings of The 13th IIAE International Conference on Industrial Application Engineering 2025. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers. https://doi.org/10.12792/iciae2025.006
- Hayama, Kiyoteru, Kazuhiro Koshi, and Hiroki Irie. 2024. “Trial Production of Tilted Triple Rotor Attached Airplane for Vertical Take-off and Landing.” In The Proceedings of The 11th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing 2024. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers. https://doi.org/10.12792/icisip2024.059
- Hayama, Kiyoteru, Tomohiro Kudou, and Hiroki Irie. 2021. “Trial Production of Modified Tricopter Based Vertical Take-off Landing Canard Aircraft with Tilt Tail Rotor.” In The Proceedings of The 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Image Processing 2021. The Institute of Industrial Applications Engineers. https://doi.org/10.12792/icisip2021.035
- Hayes, William C., Richard E. Kuhn, and Irving R. Sherman. 1958. Effects of Propeller Position and Overlap on the Slipstream Deflection Characteristics of a Wing-Propeller. NACA-TN-4404. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085249
- Hays, Thomas, and Connor Schultz. 2025. Aeroelastic Simulation of Complex VTOL Configurations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5331
- He, Yalin, Bo Huang, Yinlong Yuan, and Yun Cheng. 2026. “Autonomous Landing Control Method for UAV Multistate Platform Based on Dynamic Weights PPO.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-4049-5_31
- He, Xiang, Gordon Kou, Marc Calaf, and Kam K. Leang. 2019a. “In-Ground-Effect Modeling and Nonlinear-Disturbance Observer for Multirotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 141 (7): 071013. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043221
- He, Xiang, and Kam Leang. 2024. “In-Ground Effect Model for Rotor-Based Aerial Vehicles in Axial and Forward Flight.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4855612
- He, Mingyi, Bingrong Sun, Zhaocai Liu, et al. 2023. “A Hierarchical Optimization Method (Home) for Vertiport Siting.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4385974
- Healey, Martin. 1974. “Optimal Control Theories in the Design of Aircraft Stability Augmentation and Control Systems.” Measurement and Control 7 (10): 387–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/002029407400701006
- Healy, Frederick M. 1958. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/28-Scale Model of the North American FJ-4 Airplane with External Fuel Tanks, TED No. NACA AD 3112. NACA-RM-SL58H07. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028462
- Healy, Richard, Matthew Floros, and Phuriwat Anusonti-Inthra. 2023. “Interactional Aerodynamic Assessment of a Quad-Rotor Tail Sitter Using CFD.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-17964
- Hebbar, Sheshagiri, Max Platzer, and Edgar Enochs. 1999b. “A Subscale, LDV Study of the Flowfield near the Wingtip of a Hovering STOVL Aircraft.” In 37th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-905. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-905
- Hebbar, Sheshagiri, Max Platzer, and Michael Kristy. 1999a. “Strut and Wall Influence on the Ground-Plane Flow of a Hovering STOVL Aircraft.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3221. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3221
- Hebbar, Sheshagiri, Max Platzer, and Feng-Hsi Li. 1993. “A Visualization Study of the Vortical Flow over a Double-Delta Wing in Dynamic Motion.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3425. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3425
- Hebbar, Ullhas Udaya, Jean-Paul Reddinger, Farhan Gandhi, and Robert j. Niemiec. 2024. “Parametric Actuator-Based Numerical Investigation of Rotor-Ground Interaction.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1386
- Hebert, J., S. Pederson, J. Carroll, E. Laudeman, and C. Whitney. 1970. Effects of High-Lift Devices on V/STOL Aircraft Performance. Volume I. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0878075
- Hebert Jr. and Pederson S. K. Joseph. 1970. Effects of High-Lift Devices on V/STOL Aircraft Performance. Volume 2. Bibliography. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0875238
- Hebert Jr., J. Whitney, C. A. Laudeman, and E. C. G. T. Draper. 1973. STOL Tactical Aircraft Investigation. Volume 3. Performance Ground Rules and Methods. Book 1, Takeoff and Landing Ground Rules. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0766942
- Heer, Pepijn d., Coen C. de Visser, Marijn L. Hoogendoorn, and Henk W. Jentink. 2023. “Incremental Nonlinear Control Allocation for an Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1248
- Heffley, Robert K. 1983. “Pilot Workload Factors in the Total Pilot-Vehicle-Task System.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 27 (3): 234–38. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128302700312
- Hegarty, D. M., F. A. Pauli, and T. M. Walsh. 1965. A System for Varying the Stability and Control of a Deflected-Jet Fixed-Wing Vtol Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-2700. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650007734
- Hegde, Navya Thirumaleshwar. 2020. “Design of H-Infinity Controller for VTOL Tiltrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12 (SP3): 1061–70. https://doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp3/20201352
- Hegde, Navya Thirumaleshwar, V. I. George, C. Gurudas Nayak, and Aldrin Claytus Vaz. 2021. “Application of Robust H-Infinity Controller in Transition Flight Modeling of Autonomous VTOL Convertible Quad Tiltrotor UAV.” International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 9 (3): 204–35. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijius-09-2020-0041
- Heidary, Mastooreh, and Amirreza Kosari. 2024. “Preliminary Sizing of an eVTOL Lift-Cruise Aircraft.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4099036/v1
- Heinle, D. R. 1960. The Use of Piloted Simulators in the Study of VTOL Flight. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004824
- Heintz, Alexander J., Clemens Schwarz, Christian Wolf, and Markus Raffel. 2024. “Influence of Configurational Parameters on the Vortex System of a Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0896. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0896
- Heintzman, Richard J. 1965. V/STOL Visual Flight Simulation Techniques. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-4883
- Helicopter Handling Qualities. 1982. NASA-CP-2219. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820015334
- “Helicopter Landing Deck.” 2014. In Dictionary Geotechnical Engineering/Wörterbuch GeoTechnik. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41714-6_80725
- Helicopters, Leonardo, Leonardo Helicopters, Anna Sofia Passarelli D’Onofrio, and Matteo Pecoraro. 2025. “Roll Take-Off Model for Tiltrotor Preliminary Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0245
- Hellyar, M. 1970. “VTOL Short Haul Systems.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1243
- Hemeter, P. G., H. C. McLemore, and C. C. Smith Jr. 1970. Generalized Hot-Gas Ingestion Investigation of Large-Scale Jet VTOL Fighter Type Models. NASA-TN-D-5581. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700008303
- Henderson, C. 1964. “X-22a V/stol Aircraft Research Capabilities.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-786. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-786
- Henderson, C., and M. M. Walters. 1981. “Development and Validation of the V/STOL Aerodynamics and Stability and Control Manual.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033368
- Hendrick, R. C. 1977. “Electronics Plus Fluidics for V/STOL Flight Control.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011171
- Hendricks, Eric S., Robert D. Falck, Justin S. Gray, et al. 2019. “Multidisciplinary Optimization of a Turboelectric Tiltwing Urban Air Mobility Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3551. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3551
- Henning, Allen B., Andrew R. Wineman, and Robert W. Rainey. 1957. Some Data on Body and Jet Reaction Controls. NACA-RM-L56L17. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930090292
- Heo, Hyeonjeong, and Kyuman Lee. 2024. “Vision-Based Vertiport Marking Detection System for Precision Landing on a Vertiport.” Journal of Institute of Control Robotics and Systems 30 (2): 93–98. https://doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2024.23.0190
- Heo, Hyeonjeong, JeongHoon Song, and Kyuman Lee. 2026. “International Standard-Compliant Vertiport Marker Detector for Instrument Landing Systems of Urban Air Mobility.” PeerJ Computer Science 12: e3828. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.3828
- Hermes, M., and E. Wood. 1969. “Rotor Induced Velocities in Forward Flight by Momentum Theory.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-224. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-224
- Heron, Ismael, and Roy Myose. 2003. “Development of a Dynamic Pitch and Unsteady Freestream Delta Wing Mount for a Water Tunnel.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3527. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3527
- Heron, Ismael, and Roy Myose. 2004. “On the Impingement of Von Karman Vortex Street on a Delta Wing.” In 22nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4731. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4731
- Herrera, Marco, Paulo Leica, Danilo Chávez, and Oscar E. Camacho. 2017. “A Blended Sliding Mode Control with Linear Quadratic Integral Control Based on Reduced Order Model for a VTOL System.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0006429606060612
- Herrick, Paul W. 1992. “Fighter Aircraft Affordability, Survivability, and Effectiveness through Multi-Function Thrust-Vectoring Nozzles.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.1992.9.1.29
- Herzog, Nikolai, Andreas Reeh, Andreas Kümmel, and Christian Breitsamter. 2021. “Analysis of Distributed Electric Propulsion on Commuter Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1199. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1199
- Hess, Ronald A. 1977. “Prediction of Pilot Opinion Ratings Using an Optimal Pilot Model.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 19 (5): 459–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872087701900503
- Hess, R. 1980. “A Pilot Modeling Technique for Handling-Qualities Research.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1624
- Hess, R. 1981. “Analysis of Aircraft Longitudinal Handling Qualities.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1771. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1771
- Hess, R. 1984. “Toward a Unifying Theory for Aircraft Handling Qualities.” In 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1984-236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-236
- Hess, R. 1986. “Validation of a Fighter Aircraft Simulation Using High Angle-of-Attack Flight Test Data.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2681. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2681
- Hess, R. 1987. “Investigating Aircraft Handling Qualities Using a Structural Model of the Human Pilot.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1987-2537. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2537
- Hess, Ronald. 1988. “Design and Evaluation of a Cockpit Display for Hovering Flight.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1988-4495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4495
- Hess, Ronald. 2009. “Pilot-Centered Handling Qualities Assessment for Flight Control Design.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-6320. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6320
- Hess, Ronald A. 2010. Fixed-Wing Control and Handling Qualities. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae258
- Hess, Robert A. 2019. “On the Feasibility of a LiS Battery for Aircraft Electric Propulsion.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4468. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4468
- Hess, R., and R. Hess. 1997. “A Unified Theory for Aircraft Handling Qualities and Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Coupling.” In 35th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1997-454. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-454
- Hess, Ronald A., and Richard Joyce. 2013. “Analytical Investigation of Transport Aircraft Handling Qualities.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. AIAA 2013-4505. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4505
- Hess, R., P. Stout, R. Hess, and P. Stout. 1997. “Assessing Aircraft Susceptibility to Nonlinear Aircraft-Pilot Coupling/pilot-Induced Oscillations.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3496. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3496
- Hesse, W. J. 1965. XC-142A VTOL Transport Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0486999
- Hewes, Donald E., and James L. Hassell Jr. 1960. Subsonic Flight Tests of a 1/7-Scale Radio-Controlled Model of the North American X-15 Airplane with Particular Reference to High Angel-of-Attack Conditions. NASA-TM-X-283. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980223968
- Hewson, C. T. 1959. “Jet Powerplant Requirements for VTOL.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/590236
- Heydari, Morteza. n.d. “Multi-Fidelity Study of Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics Characteristics of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” PhD diss., University of North Texas. https://doi.org/10.12794/metadc1944264
- Heyson, H. H. 1961. “Wind-Tunnel Wall Interference and Ground Effect for VTOL-STOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 6 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.6.1
- Heyson, Harry H. 1962a. Linearized Theory of Wind-Tunnel Jet-Boundary Corrections and Ground Effect for VTOL-STOL Aircraft. NASA-TR-R-124. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630000345
- Heyson, Harry H. 1962b. Tables of Interference Factors for Use in Wind-Tunnel and Ground-Effect Calculations for VTOL-STOL Aircraft. Part IV- Wind Tunnels Having Width-Height Ratio of 0.5. NASA-TN-D-936. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620000019
- Heyson, H. H. 1969a. Theoretical Study of the Use of Variable Geometry in the Design of Minimal-Correction V/STOL Wind Tunnels. NASA-TR-R-318. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700004829
- Heyson, H. H. 1969b. Use of Superposition in Digital Computers to Obtain Wind Tunnel Interference Factors for Arbitrary Configurations, with Particular Reference to V/STOL Models. NASA-TR-R-302. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690009690
- Heyson, H. H. 1970. Theoretical Study of Conditions Limiting V/STOL Testing in Wind Tunnels with Solid Floor. NASA-TN-D-5819. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700022552
- Heyson, H. H. 1971. Approximate Treatment of V/STOL Wall Interference for Closed Circular Tunnels. NASA-TN-D-6127. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710007892
- Heyson, H. H. 1974. The Effect of Wind Tunnel Wall Interference on the Performance of a Fan-in-Wing VTOL Model. NASA-TN-D-7518. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740010782
- Heyson, H. H. 1978. “Wind-Tunnel Testing of VTOL and STOL Aircraft.” In Seminar on Aerodyn. of V/STOL Aircraft and Helicopters. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780022097
- Heyson, H. H. 1980. “Operational Implications of Some NACA/NASA Rotary Wing Induced Velocity Studies.” In Illinois Department of Transportation, Annual Midwest Helicopter Safety Seminar, 3rd, Joliet. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800043429
- Heyson, Harry H., and Kalman J. Grunwald. 1966. “Wind-Tunnel Boundary Interference for V/STOL TESTING.” In Conference on V/STOL and STOL aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015342
- Hickey, D. H., and J. V. Kirk. 1966. Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a VTOL Aircraft with a Jet-Ejector System for Lift Augmentation. NASA-TN-D-3725. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670022992
- Hicks, Jamison S., and David B. Durbin. 2014. An Investigation of Multiple Unmanned Aircraft Systems Control from the Cockpit of an AH-64 Apache Helicopter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada616169
- Hienz, E., and R. Vedova. 1984. “Requirements, Definition and Preliminary Design for an Axisymmetric Vectoring Nozzle, to Enhance Aircraft Maneuverability.” In 20th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1984-1212. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-1212
- Hiers, Robert, Heather MacKinnon, and Ryan Whitney. 2004. “Validation of Stream Thrust Probes for Turbine Engine Thrust Measurement.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-1297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-1297
- Higgins, C. C., D. P. Kelly, and T. W. Wainwright. 1966. Exhaust Jet Wake and Thrust Characteristics of Several Nozzles Designed for VTOL DOWNWASH Suppression. Tests in and out of Ground Effect with 70 Deg F and 1200 Deg F Nozzle Discharge Temperatures. NASA-CR-373. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660006071
- Higgins, C. C., and T. W. Wainwright. 1964. Dynamic Pressure and Thrust Characteristics of Cold Jets Discharging from Several Exhaust Nozzles Designed for Vtol Downwash Suppression. NASA-TN-D-2263. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640009044
- Hill, T. G. 1966. “Some Fundamentals for Efficient VTOL Aircraft Hover Control.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 11 (1): 2–9. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.11.2
- Hill, G. 1981. “Piloted Simulation of Hover and Transition of a Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA and NASA Ames VSTOL Conference. AIAA 1981-2636. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2636
- Hill, W. G., R. C. Jenkins, S. G. Kalemaris, and M. J. Siclari. 1982b. Study of VTOL in Ground-Effect Flow Field Including Temperature Effect. NASA-CR-166258. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820017294
- Hill, T., and H. Schmitt. 1964. “Propulsion: The Key to an Efficient Vtol Transport.” In Transport Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-620. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-620
- Hill, G., and M. Waters. 1974. “Conceptual Design of a Lift Fan Plus Lift/cruise Fighter Aircraft.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-969. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-969
- Hill, W., Jr., and R. Jenkins. 1979. “Effect of Nozzle Spacing on Ground Interference Forces for a Two Jet V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1856. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1856
- Hill, W. G., Jr., R. C. Jenkins, and M. R. Dudley. 1982a. An Investigation of Scale Model Testing of VTOL Aircraft in Hover. Grumman Aerospace Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820057376
- Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca. 1965a. Heavy-Lift Tip Turbojet Rotor System. Volume 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0625818
- Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca. 1965b. Heavy-Lift Tip Turbojet Rotor System. Volume 10. Stability and Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0625822
- Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca. 1965c. Heavy-Lift Tip Turbojet Rotor System. Volume 2. Parametric Design Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0625819
- Hiller Aircraft Corp Palo Alto Ca. 1965d. Heavy-Lift Tip Turbojet Rotor System. Volume 9. Performance Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0625821
- Hindson, William S. 1987. “Implementation and Flight-Test of a Multi-Mode Rotorcraft Flight-Control System for Single-Pilot Use in Poor Visibility.” In Rotorcraft flight controls and avionics; Proceedings of the National Specialists’’ Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880048150
- Hindson, William S., Gordon H. Hardy, George E. Tucker, and William A. Decker. 1993. “Piloting Considerations for Terminal Area Operations of Civil Tiltwing and Tiltrotor Aircraft.” In Piloting Vertical Flight Aircraft: A Conference on Flying Qualities and Human Factors. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940008847
- Hindson, William, Jeffery Schroeder, and Michelle Eshow. 1990. “A Pilot Rating Scale for Evaluating Failure Transients in Electronicflight Control Systems.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2827. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2827
- Hine, Rory D., Dominic R. Cousins, Leo Maden, et al. 2024. “Design and Analysis of a Liftfan for eVTOL Aircraft.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-123904
- Hinshaw, William D., William E. Sickles, John R. Brown, William P. Stevens, and Samuel G. Hansen. 1964. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Single and Tandem Low-Aspect-Ratio Wings in Ground Effect. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0600498
- Hinton, Michael J., and Charles N. Eastlake. 1999. “The Construction and Flight Testing of a Scaled, Remotely Piloted, Flight Test Vehicle.” In 1999 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–8119
- Hiremath, Satish. 2021. “CFD Analysis of Delta Wing Body Configurations at Lower Angle of Attack.” International Journal of Aeronautical Science & Aerospace Research: 258–61. https://doi.org/10.19070/2470-4415-2100033
- Hirose, Yuuichi, Hiroki Nagai, and Keisuke Asai. 2007. “Unsteady Flow Measurements of a Slender Delta Wing in Wing Rock Motion.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-124
- Hirsch, D., and R. McCormick. 1965. “Experimental Investigation of Pilot Dynamics in a Pilot-Induced Oscillation Situation.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-793
- Hirsh, Norman B. 1965. Aircraft Design XV-9A Hot Cycle Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0621684
- Hnidka, J., and D. Rozehnal. 2019. “Calculation of the Maximum Endurance of a Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in a Hover.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 664 (1): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/664/1/012002
- Ho, Hann, and Ye Zhou. 2023. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Optical Flow Control for Flying Robots: An Efficient Data-Driven Approach.” In Robotics: Science and Systems XIX. Robotics: Science and Systems Foundation. https://doi.org/10.15607/rss.2023.xix.081
- Hoad, D. R., and G. L. Gentry Jr. 1975. Longitudinal Aerodynamics of a Low-Wing Lift-Fan Transport Including Hover Characteristics in and out of Ground Effect. NASA-TM-X-72670. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750013176
- Hoad, D. R., and G. L. Gentry Jr. 1977. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Low-Wing Lift-Fan Transport Including Hover Characteristics in and out of Ground Effect. NASA-TM-X-3420. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770013085
- Hoare, R. G. 1968. “Aircraft Landing Gear: An Account of Recent Developments in Undercarriage Design and the Materials Used.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 40 (1): 6–8. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034330
- Hoburg, Warren, and Russ Tedrake. 2009. “System Identification of Post Stall Aerodynamics for UAV Perching.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. AIAA 2009-1930. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1930
- Hodges, R., Jr., G. Carlin Jr., and L. Dadone. 1988. “Experimental and Analytical Aerodynamics of an Advanced Rotor in Hover.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2530
- Hodgkinson, J., E. Potsdam, and R. Smith. 1990. “Interpreting the Handling Qualities of Aircraft with Stability and Control Augmentation.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2825. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2825
- Hoe, Garrison, D. Bruce Owens, and Casey Denham. 2012. “Forced Oscillation Wind Tunnel Testing for FASER Flight Research Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4645. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4645
- Hoeijmakers, H., and A. Rizzi. 1984. “Vortex-Fitted Potential Solution Compared with Vortex-Captured Eulersolution for Delta Wing with Leading-Edge Vortex Separation.” In 2nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1984-2144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2144
- Hoeijmakers, H., and J. Van Den Berg. 1991. “Application of an Euler-Equation Method to a Sharp-Edged Delta-Wing Configuration with Vortex Flow.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3310
- Hoffert, Fritz. 1964. “The Dornier DO 31 Jet-Lift Concept, a Light Military Transport with VTOL Capability.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640229
- Hoffler, K., D. Rao, and M. Frassinelli. 1986. “Low-Speed Aerodynamics of Apex Fences on a Tailless Delta Configuration.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1838. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1838
- Hoffman, M. A. 1969a. Control Power Requirements of VTOL Aircraft Quarterly Status Report, 1 Apr.: 30 Jun. 1969. NASA-CR-105632. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690027125
- Hoffman, M. A. 1969b. Control Power Requirements of VTOL Aircraft Quarterly Status Report, 1 Jul.: 30 Sep. 1969. NASA-CR-106352. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690030645
- Hoffman, M. A. 1969c. Control Power Requirements of VTOL Aircraft Quarterly Status Report, 1 Oct.: 31 Dec. 1969. NASA-CR-108914. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700011131
- Hoffman, M. 1971. “VTOL Aircraft Control Power Costs.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-768. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-768
- Hoffman, W. C., and W. M. Hollister. 1975. A Spiral Guidance Approach Concept for Commercial VTOL Operations. NASA-CR-132651. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760003052
- Hoffman, W. C., and W. M. Hollister. 1976. A Spiral Guidance Approach Concept for All-Weather VTOL Operations. Aerospace Systems, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770054887
- Hoffman, W. C., W. M. Hollister, and J. D. Howell. 1974. Navigation and Guidance Requirements for Commercial VTOL Operations. NASA-CR-132423. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740021980
- Hoffman, W. C., D. L. Kleinman, and L. R. Young. 1976. Display/control Requirements for Automated VTOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-158905. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790011941
- Hoffman, M. A., W. V. Loscutoff, and J. Seevers. 1970. Control Power Requirements of VTOL Aircraft, Phase 1 Study Final Report, Apr. 1969: Sep. 1970. NASA-CR-115907. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710006223
- Hoffman, M. A., W. V. Loscutoff, and J. A. Seevers. 1972. Equations of Motion for the X-14 Aircraft, Phase 2 Study. NASA-CR-130760. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730008261
- Hoffman, Eric, Sylvie Perret, and Karim Zeghal. 2000. “Pilot-in-the-Loop Evaluation of Cockpit Assistance for Autonomous Operations.” In 2000 World Aviation Conference. AIAA 2000-5576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-5576
- Hoffman, W. C., J. Zvara, and W. M. Hollister. 1975. Analysis of Navigation and Guidance Requirements for Commercial VTOL Operations. Aerospace Systems, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760031611
- Hofmann, L. G., and Susan A. Riedel. 1979. Manned Engineering Flight Simulation Validation. Part I. Simulation Requirements and Simulator Motion System Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada071394
- Hoh, Roger. 1982. “New Developments in Flying Qualities Criteria with Application to Rotary Wing Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the National Specialists Meeting on Handling Qualities, Moffett Field, CA 1982. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_1982-3589
- Hoh, R. 1985. “Investigation of outside Visual Cues Required for Low Speed and Hover.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1808. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1808
- Hoh, Roger. 1988. “Unifying Concepts for Handling Qualities Criteria.” In 15th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1988-4328. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4328
- Hoh, Roger. 1990. “Lessons Learned Concerning the Interpretation of Subjective Handlingqualities Pilot Rating Data.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2824. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2824
- Hoh, R., and I. Ashkenas. 1979. “Effect of Reduced Visibility on VTOL Handling Quality and Display Requirements.” In 5th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference for Future Space Systems. AIAA 1979-1680. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1680
- Hoh, Roger H., and David G. Mitchell. 1983. Tentative STOL (Short-Takeoff-and-Landing) Flying Qualities Criteria for MIL Standard and Handbook. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada132857
- Hoh, Roger H., Thomas T. Myers, Irving L. Ashkenas, Robert F. Ringland, and Samuel J. Craig. 1981. Development of Handling Quality Criteria for Aircraft with Independent Control of Six Degrees of Freedom. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada100045
- Hohenemser, Kurt H., and Raymond L. Johnson. 1969. “On the Dynamics of Lifting Rotors with Thrust or Tilting Moment Feedback Controls.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f25-023
- Hohenemser, Kurt H., Russell Johnson, and G. J. Sissingh. 1969. “Dynamics of Lifting Rotors with Thrust and Tilting Moment Feedback Controls.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f25-024
- Holdeman, James D., and Thomas J. Vukits. 2004. Low and High Speed STOVL Configurations in Ground Effect. NASA/CR-2004-212609. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040034762
- Holdhusen, James S., and Donald Perusse. 1965. Determination of Discharge and Thrust Coefficients of a Choked ASME Nozzle from Exit Flow Surveys (Additional Test). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada956154
- Holladay, W. L. 1966. “Flight Control Influence on VTOL Handling Qualities.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f22-011
- Hollinger, James A., and Grady L. Mitcham. 1955. Flight Test of the Lateral Stability of a 0.133-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Airplane with Windmilling Propellers at Mach Numbers from 0.70 to 1.12 (TED No. NACA DE 369). NACA-RM-SL55J31. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023602
- Hollingsworth, E. G., T. N. Aiken, and J. Raggets. 1977. Validation of AV-8B V/STOL Characteristics by Full Scale Static and Wind Tunnel Tests. AIAA PAPER 77-597. McDonnell Aircraft Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052101
- Hollister, W. 1969. “The Effect of Constraints on Optimum Approach and Departure Paths for VTOL Terminal Operations.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-209
- Hollister, W. 1970. “Optimum VTOL Flight Paths under Constraint.” In Propulsion and ASW Meeting. AIAA 1970-550. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-550
- Hollister, Walter M., Dorian De Maio, Thorgeir Palsson, and J. J. Tymczyszyn. 1970. Effect of the City Center Environment on VTOL Terminal Operations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-2534
- Holmes, J., and F. Woehr. 1971. “Wind-Tunnel Free-Flight Testing of Configurations with High-Finenessratio Bodies.” In 6th Aerodynamics Testing Conference. AIAA 1971-278. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-278
- Holway, H. 1966. “A Wind Tunnel Free Flight Testing Technique for Nonplanar Motion of Spinning Models.” In 2nd Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1966-774. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-774
- Holzhauser, C. A., and R. C. Innis. 1960. Operating Problems of v STOL Aircraft in Stol-Type Landing and Approach. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004826
- Holzhauser, C. A., R. C. Innis, and R. F. Vomaske. 1965. A Flight and Simulator Study of the Handling Qualities of a Deflected Slipstream Stol Sea- Plane Having Four Propellers and Boundary- Layer Control. NASA-TN-D-2966. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650023751
- Holzhauser, C. A., S. A. Morello, R. C. Innis, and J. M. Patton. 1971. A Flight Evaluation of a VTOL Jet Transport under Visual and Simulated Instrument Conditions. NASA-TM-X-62083. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710025733
- Holzhauser, C. A., S. A. Morello, R. C. Innis, and J. M. Patton Jr. 1972. A Flight Evaluation of VTOL Jet Transport under Visual and Simulated Instrument Conditions. NASA-TN-D-6754. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720012362
- Homola, Jeffrey, and Abhinay Tiwari. 2023. “Initial Development and Integration of a Vertiport Automation System for Advanced Air Mobility Operations.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3402. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3402
- Hon, Kai San, Stanislav Karpuk, Daqing Yang, and Ali Elham. 2022. “Development of a Flight Simulator for Conceptual Aircraft Design and Sizing.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2022 (2): 31–61. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2022-0009
- Honaker, Jim S. 1987. “Certification Issues for a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/871852
- Hong, John, and Leonard Roberts. 1995. “A Computational Study on the Effects of Leading Edge Lateral Blowing on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1842. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1842
- Hooks, J. T., and W. S. McMurry. 1983. Pilot Behavior Models for LSO (Landing Signal Officer) Training Systems. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada135823
- Horn, Joseph F. 2014. Pilot-in-the-Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada606862
- Horn, Joseph F. 2016. Pilot in the Loop CFD Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1012706
- Horton, Jeshurun P., Jeffryes W. Chapman, and Thomas Tallerico. 2025. “Powertrain System Analysis for an Urban Air Mobility Tiltwing Concept Vehicle.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0073
- Hoskin, Robert. 1993. “Effects of Measurement Dynamics and Engine Limits on STOVL Aircraft Vertical Landing Thrust Requirements.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4869. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4869
- Hoskin, R., C. Nett, and D. Reeves. 1991. “Control Configuration Design for a Mixed Vectored Thrust ASTOVL Aircraft in Hover.” In Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1991-2793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2793
- Hosman, R. J. A. W., and J. C. van der Vaart. 1986. “Laboratory and Moving-Base Simulator Experiments on Speed and Accuracy of Visual and Whole-Body Motion Perception.” In Analysis, Design and Evaluation of Man–Machine Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-032566-8.50055-2
- Hosseini, Zahra, Robert J. Martinuzzi, and Alejandro Ramirez Serrano. 2010. “Analyzing the Performance of a Hovering Ducted Rotor in Ground/Wall Effects to Improve the Controlling Aspects of VTOL Vehicles in Confined Spaces.” In ASME 2010 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting: Volume 1, Symposia – Parts A, B, and C. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30795
- “Hot Gas Ingestion and the Speed Needed to Avoid Ingestion for Transport Type STO/VL and STOL Configurations.” 1984. In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2530
- “Hot-Gas Ingestion.” 2007. In Jet Induced Effects. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866869.0115.0142
- Hou, Zheng, Zongyang Lv, Kai Liu, Yuhu Wu, and Changyi Xu. 2024. “Nonlinear Mpc Design for a Thrust-Vectored Aircraft Based on Integrated Flight and Propulsion Model.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4730243
- Houghton, Matthew D., Alex Oshin, Michael J. Acheson, Evangelos A. Theodorou, and Irene M. Gregory. n.d. “Path Planning: Differential Dynamic Programming and Model Predictive Path Integral Control on VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SciTech Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210025529
- Hougui, Sadok, Gary Balas, and William Garrard. 1995. “Design of a Robust Dynamic Inversion Lateral/directional Flight Controller.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1995-3253. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3253
- “How to Tackle the Challenges of Evtol Aircraft.” 2022. Aerospace Testing International 2022 (2): 68–68. https://doi.org/10.12968/s1478-2774(23)50019-3
- Howard, R. W. 1966. The Achievement of Reliability in VTOL AUTOCONTROL Systems. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670015758
- Howard, J. C. 1975. The Influence of Radio Altimeter Errors on Pilot Performance during the Final Approach and Landing Phase of an RPV Mission. NASA-TM-X-62466. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750022974
- Howard, James C. 1976. The Influence of Loss of Visual Cues on Pilot Performance during the Final Approach and Landing Phase of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Mission. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990117220
- Howard, R. M., S. J. Miley, and B. J. Holmes. 1985a. An Investigation of the Effects of the Propeller Slipstream of a Laminar Wing Boundary Layer. SAE PAPER 850859. Texas A&M Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860053764
- Howard, Richard M., Stan J. Miley, and Bruce J. Holmes. 1985b. “An Investigation of the Effects of the Propeller Slipstream on a Laminar Wing Boundary Layer.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/850859
- Howitt, J. 2005. Application of Non-Linear Dynamic Inversion to Rotorcraft Flight Control. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f61-000130
- Howse, William R. 2011. Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other Characteristics for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Pilots and Operators. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada552499
- Howze, H. 1969. “Future Military Applications of VTOL Aircraft.” In 3rd Flight Test, Simulation, and Support Conference. AIAA 1969-326. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-326
- Hoyt, C., R. Kempel, and R. Larson. 1980. “Backup Flight Control System for a Highly Maneuverable Remotely Piloted Research Vehicle.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1980-1761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1761
- Hreha, M., and F. Lutze. 1983. “A Dynamic Model for Aircraft Poststall Departure.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-367
- Hriadel, Dávid, Rudolf Andoga, Ladislav Főző, Dominik Beňo, and Bertalan Beszédes. 2026. “Model Predictive Control of Fuel-Flow Delivery for a Small Turbojet Engine with an Electric Fuel Pump.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6840227
- Hrishikeshavan, Vikram, Moble Benedict, and Inderjit Chopra. 2013. “Flight Dynamics System Identification and Control of a Cyclocopter Micro Air Vehicle in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f69-0346
- Hsieh, P. Y. 1979. Rotorcraft Flight Simulation, Computer Program C81. Volume 3. Programmer’s Manual. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada077345
- Hsin, C.-C. 1973. “Arrested Landing Studies for STOL Aircraft.” In 9th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1973-51. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-51
- Hsu, Ting-Wei, Jason J. Choi, Divyang Amin, Claire Tomlin, Shaun C. McWherter, and Michael Piedmonte. 2024. “Towards Flight Envelope Protection for the NASA Tiltwing eVTOL Flight Mode Transition Using Hamilton???Jacobi Reachability.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 69 (2): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.69.022003
- Hsu, Ting-Wei, Jason Choi, Shaun C. McWherter, Divyang Amin, Michael D. Piedmonte, and Claire Jennifer Tomlin. 2023. “Towards Flight Envelope Protection for the NASA Tiltwing eVTOL Flight Mode Transition Using Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18067
- Hsu, C.-H., and C. Liu. 1988. “Navier-Stokes Computation of Flow around a Round-Edged Double-Delta Wing.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2560. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2560
- Hsu, C.-H., and C. Liu. 1990. “Numerical Study of Vortical Flow over a Sideslipping Delta Wing.” In 8th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1990-3001. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3001
- Hu, Botao, Lu Lu, and Sandipan Mishra. 2015. “A Control Architecture for Fast and Precise Autonomous Landing of a VTOL UAV onto an Oscillating Platform.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0071-2015-10297
- Hu, Jiayue, Xin Zhao, and Zhang Weiguo. 2026b. “Spatial All-Wing Configuration for the Conceptual Design of VTOL Solar-Powered Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6351259
- Hu, Jiayue, Xin Zhao, Zhang Weiguo, and Huang Wei. 2025c. “Modeling and Dynamics Analysis of an All-Wing Tail-Sitter Solar-Powered UAV with Double-Layer Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5933058
- Huang, Xing-Zhong. 2003. “Nonlinear Indicial Response and Internal State-Space Representation and Its Applications on Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3944. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3944
- Huang, M., and Y. Dai. 2021. “Dynamic Modeling and Optimization of Rope Hook Recovery of UAV.” IET Conference Proceedings 2020 (3): 672–77. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2021.0278
- Huang, Tianpeng, Guogang Gao, and Liang Li. 2025a. “Robust Adaptive Attitude Trajectory Tracking Control for a Quadrotor System.” Engineering Research Express 7 (3): 0352c4. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ae04c3
- Huang, Tristan, and Brian German. 2025. Exploring Transition Profiles for the RAVEN Multi-Tiltrotor Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5318
- Huang, X., and E. Hanff. 1992. “Prediction of Leading-Edge Vortex Breakdown on a Delta Wing Oscillating in Roll.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2677. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2677
- Huang, X., E. Hanff, and Charles Jobe. 1996. “Surface Flow Topology on a Delta Wing at High Incidence for a Range of Roll Angles.” In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2398. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2398
- Huang, Y. J., T. C. Kuo, and H. K. Way. 2003. “Robust Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Control via Integral Sliding Mode.” IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications 150 (4): 383–88. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cta:20030593
- Huang, Xing, Jingyi Sun, Zheng Fang, Shucheng He, Bailin Zheng, and Ke Song. 2026b. “A Multi-Fidelity Simulation Framework for Coupled Power Demand Modelling of eVTOL Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6675498
- Huang, Xiaoyun, Qing Xu, and Jianqiang Wang. 2019b. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of UAV on Moving Platform Using a New Marker.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 646 (1): 012062. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/646/1/012062
- Huang, Xianghua, Xiaochun Zhao, and Jiaqin Huang. 2018. “A Simplified Model for Predicting the Propeller-Wing Interaction.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90 (1): 196–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-06-2016-0102
- Hubble, J. D., and R. E. Smith. 1979. Evaluation of an Airjet Distortion Generator Used to Produce Steady- State, Total-Pressure Distortion at the Inlet of a General Electric F101-GE-100 Turbofan Engine. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada072743
- Huff, W. W., Jr. 1949. Stability and Control Characteristics of Douglas Model XF4D-1. Part i. Low Speed Flying Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0035641
- Huggett, D. J. 1959. “The Ground Effect on the Jet Flap in Two Dimensions.” Aeronautical Quarterly 10 (1): 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001925900001414
- Hughes, Christopher E., and John A. Gazzaniga. 1989. Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Performance of High-Speed Counterrotation Propellers at Angle-of-Attack. NASA-TM-102292. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890015750
- Hughes, Charles W., and Rodney K. Wernicke. 1974. Flight Test of a Hingeless Flexbeam Rotor System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0783393
- Hughes Tool Co Culver City Ca. 1963. Preliminary Design Study Hot Cycle Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0408650
- Hui-min, Ma, Fan Si-qi, and Chen Han-ping. 2005a. “Numerical Study of Unsteady Flow in Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.2005.22.1.31
- Hui-min, Ma, Fan Si-qi, and Chen Han-ping. 2005b. “A Real-Time Performance Model for Thrust Vectoring Nozzle and Application in Aero-Engine Simulation.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 22 (1). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.2005.22.1.21
- Hultberg, Randy, James Bowman Jr., and Colin Martin. 1988. “Measurements of Pressures on the Tail and Aft Fuselage of an Airplane Model during Rotary Motions at Spin Attitudes.” In 15th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1988-4338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4338
- Hummel, Kenton, Edna Cárdenas, and Blaine Bockholt. 2026. “Experimental and Computational Aeroacoustic and Aerodynamic Evaluations of Five eVTOL Propeller Blades.” INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 273 (2): 175–86. https://doi.org/10.3397/nc_2026_0026
- Hunsaker, Douglas, and Deryl Snyder. 2006. “A Lifting-Line Approach to Estimating Propeller/Wing Interactions.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3466. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3466
- Hunt, D., J. Clinglan, V. Salemann, and E. Omar. 1977. Wind Tunnel and Ground Static Tests of a .094 Scale Powered Model of a Modified T-39 Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Research Airplane. NASA-CR-151923. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770010093
- Huntley, E. 1972. “Optimal Paths for Minimising Landing Transition Distance for Jet-Lift VTOL Aircraft.” Aeronautical Journal 76 (737): 308–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000043104
- Huntoon, Richard B., Benjamin Schohan, and Uldi Shvern. 1979. Visual Search Performance in Simulated Remotely Piloted Vehicle Utilization as a Function of Auxiliary Task Loading on the Observer. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada072402
- Huo, Chao. n.d. “Experimental and Numerical Analysis of a Shrouded Contrarotating Coaxial Rotor in Hover.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/bff07cdaz65a6z4e87zaff5z4208c374e547
- Huo, Chao, Peng Lv, and Anbang Sun. 2019a. “Computational Study on the Aerodynamics of a Long-Shrouded Contra-Rotating Rotor in Hover.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11: 1756829319833686. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829319833686
- Huston, Robert J., and John F. Ward. 1966. “Handling Qualities and Structural Characteristics of the Hingeless-Rotor Helicopter.” In Conference on V/STOL and STOL aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015318
- Huston, R. J., J. F. Ward, and M. M. Winston. 1963. Wing and Flap Loads Obtained from a Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Large-Scale v STOL Model. NASA-TN-D-1634. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630005174
- Huston, Robert J., and Matthew M. Winston. 1960. Data from a Static-Thrust Investigation of Large-Scale General Research VTOL-STOL Model in Ground Effect. NASA-TN-D-397. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227777
- Huston, R. J., and M. M. Winston. 1969. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Steady-State Aerodynamics of a Composite-Lift VTOL Aircraft Model. NASA-TN-D-5232. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690018719
- Hutcheson, Lex. 1976. Turbine Engine Mathematical Model Validation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada033302
- Hutchings, D. E. 1977. “Review of US Navy VSTOL Handling Qualities Requirements.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011161
- Hwang, D. P. 1983. “Analytical Study of Blowing Boundary Layer Control for Subsonic V/STOL Inlets.” In Computation of internal flows; Methods and applications. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850029495
- Hwang, D. P. 1984. “Analytical Study of Blowing Boundary-Layer Control for Subsonic V/STOL Inlets.” In Ann. Energy-Sources Technol. Conf. and Exhibition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840008073
- Hwang, C. 1990. “Numerical Investigation of Airfoil/jet/fuselage-Undersurface Flowfields in Ground Effect.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-597
- Hwang, D. P., and J. M. Abbott. 1982. A Summary of V/STOL Inlet Analysis Methods. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820057386
- Hwang, Je Young, Jae Hoon Choi, and Oh Joon Kwon. 2016. “Assessment of S-76 Rotor Hover Performance in Ground Effect Using an Unstructured Mixed Mesh Method.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-0033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0033
- Hwang, D. P., and J. H. Diedrich. 1981. “A Summary of V/STOL Inlet Analysis Methods.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033367
- Hwang, Je Young, and Oh Joon Kwon. 2015. “Assessment of Tip Shape Effect on Rotor Aerodynamic Performance in Hover.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 16 (2): 295–310. https://doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2015.16.2.295
- Hwang, Soo, and Oh Rho. 1995. “Numerical Simulation of Asymmetric Vortical Flows on a Slender Body at High Incidence.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1799
- Hwang, J., and F. Tsou. 1981. “Numerical Calculation of Jet-Induced Ground Effect in VTOL.” In 19th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1981-15. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-15
- “Hybrid Electric Aircraft.” 2024. Metal Powder Report 79 (1): S0026-0657(24)70003-4. https://doi.org/10.12968/s0026-0657(24)70003-4
- Hyde, David, Kamal Shweyk, Frank Brown, and Cale Zeune. 2012. “Flight Control Development for a Speed-Agile Powered-Lift Transport Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4578. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4578
- Ide, Jeremy, and Drew Landman. 2025. “Flight Test Validation of Multi-Rotor Flight Time Prediction Software Using Experimental Design Techniques.” International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 13 (3–4): 153–76. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijius-11-2024-0335
- Ignatkin, Yuri Mikhailovich, Pavel Vyacheslavovich Makeev, Alexander Ivanovich Shomov, and Valery Andreevich Ivchin. 2021. “Numerical Study of the Main Rotor Wake Structures and Induced Velocity Fields at the Tail Rotor Location When Flying near the Ground.” International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE) 14 (4): 181. https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v14i4.19744
- Ikami, Tsubasa, Koji Fujita, and Hiroki Nagai. 2022. “Unsteady Flow Field on Wing Surface in Propeller Slipstream at Low Reynolds Number.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3983. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3983
- Ikami, Tsubasa, Kensuke Kanou, Koichi Takahashi, Koji Fujita, and Hiroki Nagai. 2019. “Flow Field on Wing Surface with Control Surface in Propeller Slipstream at Low Reynolds Number.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2159. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2159
- Iliff, K. 1980. “Stall/spin Flight Results for the Remotely Piloted Spin Research Vehicle.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1563. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1563
- Iliff, Kenneth W., and Kon-Sheng Charles Wang. 1997a. Extraction of Lateral-Directional Stability and Control Derivatives for the Basic F-18 Aircraft at High Angles of Attack. NASA-TM-4786. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19970010502
- Iliff, Kenneth W., and Kon-Sheng Charles Wang. 1997b. Flight-Determined Subsonic Longitudinal Stability and Control Derivatives of the F-18 High Angle of Attack Research Vehicle (HARV) with Thrust Vectoring. NASA/TP-97-206539. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980007172
- Iloputaife, Obi, and Obi Iloputaife. 1997. “Minimizing Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Susceptibility during C-17 Development.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3497. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3497
- Imbaratto, David Michael. n.d. “The Interaction between Throttling and Thrust Vectoring of an Annular Aerospike Nozzle.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2009.133
- Imlay, S. 1986. “Numerical Solution of 2-D Thrust Reversing and Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-203. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-203
- Immenschuh, William. 1990. “Ryan X-13 Experimental Aircraft: Lessons Learned.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3236
- “Immersion and Invariance Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Attitude Control for a Coaxial Tilt-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft.” 2026. Journal of Artificial Intelligence & Control Systems. https://doi.org/10.66967/jaics.2026.v2i104
- Imran, Imil H., Azhar M. Memom, Dilek F. Kurtulus, Srikanth Goli, and Luai M. Alhems. 2023. “Extended Sliding Mode Control Scheme for a VTOL UAV with Time-Varying Disturbances.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4461. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4461
- “INAV-Based Adaptive Transition Control for QuadPlane VTOL UAVs in Urban Wind Gust Environments.” 2025. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering 12 (8). https://doi.org/10.14445/23488379/ijeee-v12i8p117
- “Incorporating Agility Flight Test Metrics Concurrently into the Aircraft Preliminary Design Process.” 1994. In Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1994-2135. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2135
- Ing, D., and X. Zhang. 1993. “An Experimental and Numerical Study of Single Jet Impingement Ground-Effect Lift Loss.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4887. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4887
- Ing, Dan N., and Xin Zhang. 1994. “An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Ground Effect Lift Loss for Single Jet Impingement.” Aeronautical Journal 98 (974): 127–36. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000049976
- “Initial Unmanned Aircraft Sizing.” 2014. In Designing Unmanned Aircraft Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102615.0057.0084
- “Initial Unmanned-Aircraft Sizing.” 2012. In Designing Unmanned Aircraft Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868443.0057.0084
- Innis, R. C., and S. B. Anderson. 1972. “Comparisons of Simulator and Flight Results on Augmentor-Wing Jet STOL Research Aircraft.” In Stol Technol.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730024222
- Innis, Robert C., and Hervey C. Quigley. 1961. A Flight Examination of Operating Problems of V/STOL Aircraft in STOL-Type Landing and Approach. NASA-TN-D-862. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040008110
- Innis, R. C., H. C. Quigley, and R. F. Vomaske. 1966. Lateral-Directional Augmentation Criteria for Jet Swept-Wing Transport Airplanes Operating at STOL Airspeeds. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015337
- Innocenti, M. 1985. “Interaction between Display Dynamics and Handling Qualities in Manual Control Tasks.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1805. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1805
- “Introduction to Aircraft Flight Dynamics.” 1998. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 70 (5). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.1998.12770eae.009
- Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics: Performance, Static and Dynamic Stability, Classical Feedback Control, with State-Space and Rotorcraft Foundations. 2024. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107252.0000.0000
- “Introduction to Stability and Control Flight Testing.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0199.0208
- Ioannis, K. Kapoulas, and K. Statharas Ioannis. 2026. “Euclid sUAV Handling Qualities Evaluation through Flight Simulation, Using Cooper-Harper Handing Qualities Rating Scale.” Drones and Autonomous Vehicles 3 (1): 10005–10005. https://doi.org/10.70322/dav.2026.10005
- Ionita, Achim. 1996. “Input Delay Investigation in the Short Period Flying Qualities Criteria.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3424. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3424
- Irmawan, Erwhin. 2026. “Design and Performance Evaluation of Thrust Stand for Electric UAV Propulsion Using Brushless DC Motor.” Przegląd Elektrotechniczny 1 (2): 113–19. https://doi.org/10.15199/48.2026.02.15
- Irvin, E. M., and R. H. Swan. 1956. Performance and Weight Estimates for Six VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0147927
- Isgandarov, I., and M. Hajizada. 2026. “Adaptive Transition Trajectory Optimization for Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Вестник Академии гражданской авиации 42 (3). https://doi.org/10.53364/24138614_2026_42_3_1
- Isidori, Alberto, Lorenzo Marconi, and Andrea Serrani. 2003a. “VTOL Landing: Design of the Internal Model.” In Advances in Industrial Control. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0011-9_3
- Isidori, Alberto, Lorenzo Marconi, and Andrea Serrani. 2003b. “VTOL Landing: Design of the Stabilizer.” In Advances in Industrial Control. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-0011-9_4
- Islam, Md Azizul, Md Nur-A-Adam Dony, Mehedi Hasan, and S. G. M. Hossain. 2026a. “Flight-Test Characterization and Design Implications ofHover-to-Forward-Flight Transition for a Small QuadplaneVTOL Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7070741
- Islam, Md. Shafiqul, Md. Arafat Hasan, and A. B. M. Toufique Hasan. 2018. “An Analysis of Thrust Vectoring in a Supersonic Nozzle Using Bypass Mass Injection.” In AIP Conference Proceedings. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5044324
- Ismail, Yahya, Adonis Aldana, Muhammed Shah, and Matvey Zubkov. 2024. “Project Albatross: Medevac UAV eVTOL Emergency Response Modular Aircraft.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-84518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-84518
- Ismail, Mohamad Amiruddin, Irdayanti Mat Nashir, Ramdzan Ali Saibon, Jiang Jiang, Lee Soyoung, and Kazuma Sekiguchi. 2026. “Design of the VTOL Jet Engine for Energy Efficiency and Lightweight Flying Vehicle Analysis in Malaysia.” International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science 10 (7): 1840–46. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2026.100700131
- Ison, David. 2024. “Analysis of VTOL Downwash and Outwash to Establish Vertiport Safety Standards: A Theoretical Approach.” Collegiate Aviation Review International 42 (2). https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.24.100236
- Ito, Yu. 2018. “The Concept of a Zero Refueling-Landing Logistics Support eVTOL with Container Loaded Mobile Battery.” In 2018 Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2018-4700. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4700
- Ito, Yu, Mari Hayashida, and Hiroyuki Yasuda. 2019. “Concept of a Logistics, Air Launch, and Recovery (LALAR) eVTOL Platform.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3005. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3005
- Ivler, Christina, Robert j. Niemiec, Frank Sanders, and Farhan S. Gandhi. 2019a. “Multirotor Electric Aerial Vehicle Model Validation with Flight Data: Physics-Based and System Identification Models.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14642
- Ivler, Christina, Elizabeth S. Rowe, James A. Martin, Mark J. S. Lopez, and Mark B. Tischler. 2021. “System Identification Guidance for Multirotor Aircraft: Dynamic Scaling and Test Techniques.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.022006
- Ivler, Christina, Mark Tischler, Elizabeth Rowe, James Martin, and Mark Lopez. 2019b. “System Identification Guidance for Multirotor Aircraft: Dynamic Scaling and Test Techniques.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 75th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14754
- Iwabe, Hirotaro, Isaku Nagai, and Keigo Watanabe. 2011. “405 Design of a VTOL Aerial Robot with Four Rotors(Experiment of Measuring the Thrust Lnduced by Rotors).” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2011.49 (0): 115–16. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2011.49.115
- Jäckel, Nicolas, Jakob Andert, Abdulsamed Karaduman, Christian Granrath, Bernhard Rumpe⋆, and Louis Wachtmeister. 2021. “Feature-Driven Specification of VTOL Air-Taxis with the Use of the Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) Methodology CUBE.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16881
- Jackson, Alexander Gordon. 2023. “Aerodynamic Performance of the Inboard Elevon on a Blended-Wing-Body Aircraft.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14660895.v1
- Jackson, Michael E., and Richard L. House. 1981. Exhaust Gas Reingestion during Hover In-Ground-Effect. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f37-030
- Jackson, Michael E., and Richard L. House. 1982. “Exhaust Gas Reingestion during Hover In-Ground-Effect.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 27 (3): 74–79. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.27.3.74
- Jackson, V., and D. Patch. 1968. “Design and Development of the Primary Fly-by- Wire Flight Control System for the XV-4B V/STOL Research Aircraft.” In Control and Flight Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1968-818. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-818
- Jacob da Motta, L. A. 2020. “2.6 How Conventional Flight Test Instrumentation Concepts Can Contribute to the Innovative eVTOL Aerospace Development.” In Proceedings - ettc2020. AMA Service GmbH, Von-Münchhausen-Str. 49, 31515 Wunstorf, Germany. https://doi.org/10.5162/ettc2020/2.6
- Jacobson, D. 1964. “An Evaluation of Lift Engines in Tactical Vtol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-767. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-767
- Jacocks, J. L., and K. R. Kneile. 1975. Statistical Prediction of Maximum Time-Variant Inlet Distortion Levels. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada004104
- Jadidi, Mohammad, Esmaeel Masoudi, Muhammad Rehan Naseer, Clemence Bricker, Daniele Zagaglia, and Mahdi Azarpeyvand. 2026. “Numerical Investigation on the Aerodynamics and Aeroacoustics of a Lifting Propeller Interacting with a Wing.” In 32nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (2026). AIAA 2026-3291. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3291
- Jain, Rohit. 2017. “CFD Performance and Turbulence Transition Predictions on an Installed Model-Scale Rotor in Hover.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-1871. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1871
- Jain, Rohit. 2018. “Effect of Facility Walls and Blade Aeroelasticity on PSP Rotor Hover Performance Predictions.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-0305. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0305
- Jain, Utsav A., and Yagnavalkya S. Mukkamala. 2016. “A 3-D Computational Model for Optimum Design and Analysis of Vertical Take-off in Aircraft.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2016-4416. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-4416
- Jakubowski, A. L., J. A. Schetz, C. L. Moore, and R. Joag. 1985. Effects of Velocity Profile and Inclination on Dual-Jet-Induced Pressures on a Flat Plate in a Crosswind. NASA-CR-177361. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860003819
- Jalovecký, R., and P. Janů. 2010. “Human Pilot Behaviour Model during of Flight Control.” In Recent Advances in Mechatronics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05022-0_27
- Jana, Aritra, Anuththara S. J. Alujjage, Bairav Sabarish Vishnugopi, and Partha P. Mukherjee. 2025. “Investigating the Evolution of Internal Temperature in Lithium-Ion Batteries during Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft Operation.” ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-02 (3): 453–453. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-023453mtgabs
- JanakiRam, D. S. 1980. Investigation of Performance, Noise, and Detectability Characteristics of Remotely Piloted Vehicle (RPV) Propellers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada088325
- Janakiram, D., and B. Scruggs. 1981. “Investigation of Performance, Noise and Detectability Characteristics of Small-Scale Remotely Piloted Vehicle /RPV/ Propellers.” In 7th Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 1981-2005. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2005
- Jang, H. J., H. J. Kim, and B. S. Kim. 2022a. “Numerical Comparative Study of Thrust Characteristics between Coaxial Rotor and Single Rotor for Drones In-Ground-Effect.” Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering 27 (3): 54–59. https://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2022.27.3.054
- Jansen, C. 1988. “Present and Future Developments of the NLR Moving Base Research Flight Simulator.” In Flight Simualtion Technologies Conference. AIAA 1988-4584. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4584
- Jaramillo, Jesse, Samuel Cartaya, Tansel Yucelen, and Mehrdad Pakmehr. 2025. “Experimental Results with an Embedded Model Reference Adaptive Control System on a Multirotor UAS.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0563. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0563
- Jarrah, Mohammad-Ameen. 1989. “Low Speed Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Flow about Delta Wing, Oscillating in Pitch to Very High Angle of Attack.” In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1989-295. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-295
- Jayaraman, Balaji, Kumar Gaurav, Dipak K. Giri, and Ajoy K. Ghosh. 2022. “Nonsingular Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Flight Control of a Subscale Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0751
- Jayasundara, Dilhara, and James D. Baeder. 2023a. Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Hovering Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-90
- Jayasundara, Dilhara, and James D. Baeder. 2023b. “Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter in Forward Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-17958
- Jayasundara, Dilhara, and James Baeder. 2026. “Aerodynamic and Aeroacoustic Analysis of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 71 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.71.012001
- Jeffrie, H., and D. Rolston. 1972. “Survivable Flight Control System Compatibility Test Program.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-761. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-761
- Jehangir, Rustom. 2014. “Development of an Attitude Control System for a Large Scale Multicopter VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9423
- Jenkins, M. 1973. “Direct Side-Force Control for STOL Transport Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1973-887. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-887
- Jenkins, Tom P., and Cecil F. Hess. 2016. “Three-Component Unseeded Velocity Diagnostic for Jet Engine Exhaust Flows.” In 54th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2016-0792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-0792
- Jensen, F. L. 1990. “HELIPORT/VERTIPORT DEVELOPMENT.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f46-2031
- Jensen, James C., Andrew M. Chuen, and William M. Chan. 2025. “Pre-Test CFD Analyses for the Tiltwing Test Rig Experiment.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3384. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3384
- Jeong, Taemin, Yoonpyo Hong, Daejin Lim, and Kwanjung Yee. 2024d. “Landing Trajectory Analysis of eVTOL Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility Considering Vortex Ring State.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2503
- Jeong, Hoijo, Junho Jeong, Jinyoung Suk, and Seungkeun Kim. 2024b. “Angular Acceleration Estimation with off-CG Accelerometers for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2566. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2566
- Jeong, Do-Won, Byeong-Ju Kim, and Jung-Ho Moon. 2024a. “Analysis of Yaw-Axis Control Performance According to Motor Canted Angle of eVTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Institute of Control Robotics and Systems 30 (2): 109–15. https://doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2024.23.0206
- Jeong, Hoseok, and Sanghyuk Park. 2025. “Flight Control Laws of VTOL Aircraft with Propellers Fixed at an Inclined Angle.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 27 (3): 2318–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-025-01066-7
- Jeong, Yeunduk, David Shim, and Narayan Ananthkrishnan. 2010. “Transition Control of near-Hover to Cruise Transition of a Tail Sitter UAV.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7508. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7508
- Jeram, Geoffrey, and J. V. R. Prasad. 2003a. “Fuzzy Logic Detector for Aircraft Pilot Coupling and Pilot Induced Oscillation.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000144
- Jeram, Geoffrey, and J. V. R. Prasad. 2003b. “Tactile Avoidance Cueing for Pilot Induced Oscillation.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5311. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5311
- Jet Engine. 2005. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0471743984.vse4356
- “The Jet Lift Controversy.” 1962. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 34 (12): 345–345. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb033651
- “Jet Thrust Measurement in Flight.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0069.0074
- Ji, Honglei, Wenjun Ji, Yeping Wang, and Renliang Chen. 2026. “Hover-Informed Equivalent Lifting-Line Model for Predicting Aerodynamic Interference in eVTOL Multi-Rotor System.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6233019
- Jia, Sijia, Zhenkai Zhang, Weijun Wang, and Chao Yang. 2021. “Flight Dynamics Modeling and Simulation of Propeller Deflected Slipstream VTOL Aircraft.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7423-5_76
- Jiang, Liye. 2026. “Autonomous Takeoff and Landing Control of a VTOL Aircraft on a Moving Platform Based on Visual Feedback.” In International Conference on Machine Vision, Intelligent Imaging, and Pattern Recognition (MVIIPR 2025), edited by Linlin Shen, Jixin Ma, Chuan Qin. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3110519
- Jiang, Bailun, Boyang Li, Ching-Wei Chang, and Chih-Yung Wen. 2024a. “Hybrid Aerodynamics-Based Model Predictive Control for a Tail-Sitter Uav.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4907963
- Jiang, Zhenhua, and Mehrdad Pakmehr. 2022. “Model Predictive Control for Distributed Electric Propulsion of eVTOL Vehicles: A Preliminary Design.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0878. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0878
- Jiang, Jun, Guodong Qi, and Guoxian Huang. 2019. “Design for Guidance Method of UAV Autonomous Landing on Mobile Platform Based on Prediction of Intersection Points.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1215 (1): 012022. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1215/1/012022
- Jiao, Ling Rui, Di Peng, Xin Wen, Yingzheng Liu, and James W. Gregory. 2018. “Experimental Study of the Interaction between Rotor Wake and a Cylinder in Hover.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4214
- Jie, Xinyi, Jiahong Yang, Jiamei Liu, et al. 2025. “Attitude Control of VTOL Based on Deep Reinforcement Learning for Bushfire Management.” In 2025 Toronto, Ontario, Canada July 13-16, 2025. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. https://doi.org/10.13031/aim.202500608
- Jimenez, Benjamin G., and Rajneesh Singh. 2015. “Effect of Duct-Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions on Blade Design for Hover and Axial Flight.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1030. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1030
- Jimenez-Garcia, Antonio, and George N. Barakos. 2017. “Prediction of Helicopter Rotor Hover Performance Using High Fidelity CFd Methods.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3053. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3053
- Jirwankar, Piyush P., Ravi N. Banavar, and Abhishek Abhishek. 2022. “Discrete-Time Optimal Attitude Control of Swivelling Biplane Quadrotor.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1393. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1393
- Joglekar, A. N. 1969. Evaluation of Terminal Constraint on Error State Vector for VTOL Landing Guidance. NASA-CR-103269. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690021975
- Johansen, H. 1970. A Survey of General Coverage Navaids for V/STOL Aircraft: A VOR/DME Error Model. NASA-CR-1588. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700016388
- John, Occhiato. 2022. “Handling Qualities.” In The RAH-66 Comanche Helicopter: Technical Accomplishment, Program Frustration. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624106255.0099.0114
- Johns, Albert L. 1989. STOL and STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion and Airframe Heating Tests in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. NASA-TM-102101. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890019952
- Johns, Albert L., Thomas J. Biesiadny, and L. L. Pagel. 1987. “Hot Gas Ingestion: From Model Results to Full Scale Engine Testing.” In NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center’s Ground-Effects Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014986
- Johns, Albert, Joseph Flood, Thomas Strock, and Kurt Amuedo. 1988. “Hot Gas Ingestion Testing of an Advanced STOVL Concept in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel with Flow Visualization.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3025. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3025
- Johns, Albert L., George Neiner, Timothy J. Bencic, Joseph D. Flood, and Kurt C. Amuedo. 1990b. Hot Gas Ingestion Test Results of a Two-Poster Vectored Thrust Concept with Flow Visualization in the NASA Lewis 9- by 15-Foot Low Speed Wind Tunnel. AIAA PAPER 90-2268. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910055938
- Johns, Albert L., George H. Neiner, Timothy J. Bencic, et al. 1990a. “Hot Gas Ingestion Characteristics and Flow Visualization of a Vectored Thrust STOVL Concept.” In Royal Aeronautical Society. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900016693
- Johns, Albert L., George Neiner, J. D. Flood, K. C. Amuedo, and T. W. Strock. 1989a. “Engine Inlet Distortion in a 9.2 Percent Scale Vectored Thrust STOVL Model in Ground Effect.” In ASME. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900008245
- Johns, Albert L., George Neiner, J. D. Flood, K. C. Amuedo, and T. W. Strock. 1989b. Engine Inlet Distortion in a 9.2 Percent Scaled Vectored Thrust STOVL Model in Ground Effect. AIAA PAPER 89-2910. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900037988
- Johnsen, Joshua P., Timothy Runnels, Johnathan M. Burgess, and Kurt P. Rouser. 2021. “Integration of a 7-kW Turboelectric Power System in a Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aircraft.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3727. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3727
- Johnson, Joseph L. 1954. Measurement of the Static Stability and Control and the Damping Derivatives of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 368. NACA-RM-SL54J04. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023688
- Johnson, Harold I. 1959. “Flight Testing Aircraft for Longitudinal Maneuvering Characteristics.” In Stability and Control. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9730-2.50013-2
- Johnson, Steven A. 1990. A Simple Dynamic Engine Model for Use in a Real-Time Aircraft Simulation with Thrust Vectoring. AIAA PAPER 90-2166. NASA Flight Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900054999
- Johnson, Za. 1995. Advanced Battery System for Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada380292
- Johnson, Yohannan, and T. P. Imthias Ahamed. 2018. “Nonlinear Modelling of Leader-Follower UAV Close Formation Flight with Dynamic Inversion-Based Control.” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 30 (2): 83. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2018.094205
- Johnson, Walter W., Anthony D. Andre, and Ronald V. Kruk. 1992. “Visual Cues in Flight Simulation: An Evaluation of Stereo Effectiveness.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940035345
- Johnson, W., and S. Craig. 1974. “Configuration Management during Transition for a Powered Lift STOL Aircraft.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-836. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-836
- Johnson, Wayne, and Christopher Silva. 2018. “Observations from Exploration of VTOL Urban Air Mobility Designs.” In Asian/Australian Rotorcraft Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190004906
- Johnson, Wayne, Christopher Silva, and Eduardo Solis. 2018. “Concept Vehicles for VTOL Air Taxi Operations.” In AHS Specialists’’ Conference on Aeromechanics Design for Transformative Vertical Flight. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180003381
- Johnson, Charles Cliff, Lacey Thompson, and Grant Morfitt. 2024. “A Comparison of Proposed Concepts for Vertiport Markings & Symbology.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1275
- Johnson, Charles, Lacey Thompson, and Grant Morfitt. 2025. “A Review of Proposed Enhancements to the Broken Wheel Vertiport Marking & Symbology.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0157
- Johnson, Robert T., David P. Witkowski, and John P. Sullivan. 1991. “Experimental Results of a Propeller/Wing Interaction Study.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/910998
- Johnson, J., Jr., W. Newsom, and D. Satran. 1980. “Full-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Effects of Wing Leading-Edge Modifications on the High Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Low-Wing General Aviation Airplane.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1844. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1844
- Johnson, J. L., Jr., and E. R. White. 1983. Exploratory Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Advanced Commuter Configurations Including an over-the-Wing Propeller Design. AIAA PAPER 83-2531. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830068372
- Johnston, G. 1964. “Some Recent Aerodynamic Advances in Stol Aircraft.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-183
- Johnston, John. 1970. V/STOL Flight Evaluation of Visual Aids in Relation to Minimum Landing Area Operations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-4881
- Johnston, Donald E., Irving L. Ashkenas, and Jeffrey R. Hogge. 1974. Investigation of Flying Qualities of Military Aircraft at High Angles of Attack. Volume I. Technical Results. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada014366
- Johnston, J. F., Irven H. Culver, and Carl F. Friend. 1965. Study of Size Effects on VTOL Handling Qualities Criteria. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0622578
- Johnston, Ford, and Carl Friend. 1965. “Effect of Size on VTOL Aircraft Hover and Low Speed Handling Qualities.” In Proceedings of the 1st National Symposium on V/STOL Aircraft, Subsystem Design and Testing and Operation - Ohio 1965. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-2533
- Johnston, D., and J. Hogge. 1974. “The Effect of Non-Symmetric Flight on Aircraft High Angle of Attack Handling Qualities and Departure Characteristics.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-792
- Johnston, M., and A. Wolfe. 1986. “Integrating the Pilot into the Cockpit.” In 3rd Flight Testing Conference and Technical Display. AIAA 1986-9765. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-9765
- Jones, Michael, and Tim Jusko. 2022. “Development and Testing of Scalable Mission Task Elements for Certification of eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1192
- Jones, Michael, David Klyde, Dakota Musso, Cody E. Fegely, Luke Gillett, and Seung Baik. 2023. Handling Qualities Evaluations of Active Inceptors with Varying Force-Feel Characteristics. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1189
- Jones, Heath, Lana Milam, Stephanie Karch, Henry Williams, and Brian Simpson. 2018. “Exploiting Spatial Audio Cues for Pilot Navigation in Degraded Visual Environments.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 144 (3_Supplement): 1711–1711. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.5067593
- Jonkers, H., and J. Mulder. 1976. “New Developments and Accuracy Limits in Aircraft Flight Testing.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1976-897. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-897
- Joo, James, Gregory Reich, James Elgersma, and Kristopher Aber. 2012. Energy-Based Design of Reconfigurable Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) Flight Structures. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada581698
- Joosten, Diederick, Ton Boom, and Thomas Lombaerts. 2008. “Computationally Efficient Use of MPC and Dynamic Inversion for Reconfigurable Flight Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7431. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7431
- Joppa, R. G. 1966. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wind Tunnel Geometry, Emphasizing Factors Pertinent to V/STOL Vehicles Testing Progress Report No. 3, Sep. 16, 1965: Mar. 15, 1966. NASA-CR-75822. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020004
- Joppa, R. G. 1968a. Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Wind Tunnel Geometry, Emphasizing Factors Pertinent to V/STOL Vehicle Testing Progress Report, 16 Mar.: 15 Sep. 1968. NASA-CR-66719. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690002198
- Joppa, R. 1968b. “Wall Interference Effects in Wind Tunnel Testing of STOL Aircraft.” In 3rd Aerodynamics Testing Conference. AIAA 1968-399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-399
- Joppa, R. G., and P. C. Parikh. 1984. Numerical Simulation of Controlled Flow Tunnel for V/STOL Testing. AIAA PAPER 84-2152. Washington, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840058543
- Joppa, R. G., and S. Shindo. 1965. An Experimental Investigation of Feasibility of a V/STOL Test Section in UWAL 8 x 12 Wind Tunnel by Using a 1/8 Scale Model of the Tunnel. NASA-CR-69663. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660006737
- Jordan, Thomas, William Langford, Christine Belcastro, et al. 2004. Development of a Dynamically Scaled Generic Transport Model Testbed for Flight Research Experiments. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040085988
- Jordan, Frank L., Jr., and David E. Hahne. 1992. Wind-Tunnel Static and Free-Flight Investigation of High-Angle-of-Attack Stability and Control Characteristics of a Model of the EA-6B Airplane. NASA-TP-3194. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920016033
- Jordon, D. E., W. Patterson, and D. R. Sandlin. 1985. An Experimental and Analytical Method for Approximate Determination of the Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft Rotor/wing Download. NASA-CR-176970. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860020297
- Joseph, Raja, A. R. S. Nikhil Aanandhan, G. Gokul Sree, Manikanteswar Reddy, and Seralathan Sivamani. 2024. “Computational Analysis of Mechanical Thrust Vectoring C-D Nozzle for Aircraft Engines.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-4500-5_22
- Josephs, L., III. 1964. “Survey of Significant Technical Problems Unique to V/stol Encountered in the Development of the Xc-142a.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-775. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-775
- Joshi, P., and M. Compton. 1985. “Approach and Landing Thrust Reverser Testing in Ground Effect.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-3075. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-3075
- Joshi, D., and W. Rickard. 1981. “Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities of Transport Aircraft.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1887. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1887
- Jou, W. H., and R. W. Metcalfe. 1984. Pseudospectral Calculations of Two-Dimensional Transonic Flow (Task 1). Numerical Investigation of VTOL Aerodynamics (Task 2). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada150123
- Jouannet, Christopher, Patrick Berry, Tomas Melin, Kristian Amadori, David Lundström, and Ingo Staack. 2012. “Subscale Flight Testing Used in Conceptual Design.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 84 (3): 192–99. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022661211222058
- Jouannet, Christopher, and Petter Krus. 2002. “Lift Coefficient Predictions for Delta Wing under Pitching Motions.” In 32nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-2969. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-2969
- Jóźko, Michał, and Jakub Włodarczyk. 2020. “The Environmental Research of the Pneumatic Parachute Rescue System for UAV Vertical Take-Off and Landing.” Journal of KONBiN 50 (2): 177–97. https://doi.org/10.2478/jok-2020-0034
- Juhasz, O., J-P. Reddinger, and J. Whitt. 2025. “System Identification of a Hovering Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter with Canted Motors.” Aeronautical Journal 129 (1338): 2082–2102. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2025.35
- Juhasz, Ondrej, Henry Won, and Mark Tischler. 2018. “System Identification and Control Law Optimization Applied to the AeroVironment Quantix Tail-Sitter UAS.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12919
- Jun, Young-Whoon, and Robert Nelson. 1987. “Leading Edge Vortex Dynamics on a Delta Wing Undergoing a Wing Rock Motion.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-332. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-332
- Jung, Yeondeuk, Sungwook Cho, and David Hyunchul Shim. 2013. “A Comprehensive Flight Control Design and Experiment of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference. AIAA 2013-4992. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4992
- Jung, Hee-Chul, and Hyunseok Kim. 2024. “Study of a Reinforcement Learning-Based PID Controller for Improving UAV Precision Landing Performance.” Journal of Digital Contents Society 25 (10): 2979–86. https://doi.org/10.9728/dcs.2024.25.10.2979
- Jung, Yeunduk, and David Hyunchul Shim. 2011. “Development and Application of Controller for Transition Flight of Tail-Sitter UAV.” In Recent Developments in Unmanned Aircraft Systems. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3033-5_11
- Jupp, M., F. Coton, and R. Green. 1999. “An Analysis of High Resolution Pressure Signals on a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3111. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3111
- Jupp, M., F. Coton, R. Green, and R. Galbraith. 1998. “An Analysis of a Pitching Delta Wing Using High Resolution Pressure Measurements.” In 16th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1998-2743. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2743
- Jusko, Tim, Michael W. Jones, and Benedikt Grebing. 2022. “Flight Test of Scaled MTEs for VTOL Certification Using an Ultralight Coaxial Helicopter.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-0016
- Jyothy, V. M., and G. Jims John Wessley. 2023. “Study of Jet Tabs in 2D Convergent–divergent Nozzle for Thrust Vectoring in Aerial Vehicles.” International Journal of Intelligent Unmanned Systems 12 (1): 117–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijius-11-2022-0131
- K.А., Bushra A. Neusypin. 2025. “Approach to Solving the Problem of Landing an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle on a Moving Landing Platform.” Automation Modern Techologies: 125–28. https://doi.org/10.36652/0869-4931-2025-79-3-125-128
- Kaemming, T., and K. Smith. 1984. “Techniques to Reduce Exhaust Gas Ingestion for Vectored-Thrust V/STOVL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2398. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2398
- Kai, Wang, Alexandre Jacquillat, and Vikrant Vaze. 2022. “Vertiport Planning for Urban Aerial Mobility: An Adaptive Discretization Approach.” Manufacturing & Service Operations Management 24 (6): 3215–35. https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1148
- Kaiden, Takeshi, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2001. “Numerical Analysis of Aerodynamic Control by Micro-Flap around Delta Wing.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2441. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2441
- Kalemaris, S. 1983. “V/STOL for Sea Control.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2436. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2436
- Kalemaris, S., and R. Cea. 1977. “Effects of Technology Level on V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1977-1238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1238
- Kaletka, Juergen, and Kuang-Hua Fu. 1993. “Frequency-Domain Identification of Unstable Systems Using X-31A Aircraft Flight Test Data.” In Flight Simulation and Technologies. AIAA 1993-3635. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3635
- Kalra, Arti, and Daniel Heinrich Greiwe. 2026. “Impact of Control Augmentation on Pilot Workload during Shipboard Helicopter Hover Operation.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8563036/v1
- Kalra, Tarandeep, Vinod K. Lakshminarayan, and James Baeder. 2013. “Effect of Tip Geometry on a Hovering Rotor in Ground Effect: A Computational Study.” In 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-2542. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2542
- Kamal, Ashraf, and Alex Ramirez-Serrano. 2020. “Conceptual Design of a Highly-Maneuverable Transitional VTOL UAV with New Maneuver and Control Capabilities.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1733. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1733
- Kamman, James H., and Charles L. Hall. 1978. Lift System Induced Aerodynamics of V/STOL Aircraft in a Moving Deck Environment. Volume I. Technical Discussion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada060206
- Kandil, Osama, and H. Chuang. 1988. “Unsteady Delta-Wing Flow Computation Using an Implicit Factored Euler Scheme.” In 1st National Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-3649. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3649
- Kandil, Osama, and H. Chuang. 1989. “Unsteady Navier-Stokes Computations past Oscillating Delta Wing at High Incidence.” In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1989-81. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-81
- Kandil, Osama, and Ahmed Salman. 1992. “Three-Dimensional Simulation of Slender Delta Wing Rock and Divergence.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-280
- Kaneshige, John, Thomas Lombaerts, Kimberlee Shish, and Michael Feary. 2024. “Simplified Vehicle Control Concept for a Lift Plus Cruise eVTOL Vehicle.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4207
- Kang, Hee, and Oh Kwon. 2000. “Numerical Prediction of Rotor Hover Performances Using Unstructured Adaptive Meshes.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-258. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-258
- Kang, Hyeong-Yeop, Jae-Jun Lim, and Woo Young Choi. 2024b. “Visual Servoing-Based Motion Platform Impedance Control for UAV Takeoff and Landing Shock Reduction.” Journal of Power System Engineering 28 (6): 71–78. https://doi.org/10.9726/kspse.2024.28.6.071
- Kang, Sangkeun, Chana Saias, Ioannis Roumeliotis, and Olivier Broca. 2023a. “On the Design of Integrated Thermal Management Systems for eVTOL Aircraft.” In Volume 5: Cycle Innovations. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-103097
- Kang, Sangkeun, Chana Saias, Ioannis Roumeliotis, and Olivier Broca. 2024a. “Design and Simulation of eVTOL Aircraft Thermal Management System.” In Volume 5: Cycle Innovations. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-125709
- Kang, Sangkeun, Chana Anna Saias, Ioannis Roumeliotis, and Olivier Broca. 2025b. “Preliminary Design of Integrated Power and Thermal Management Systems for Hybrid Electric VTOL Aircraft Architecture.” In Volume 4: Controls, Diagnostics & Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Education; Electric Power. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2025-153756
- Kang, Namuk, James Whidborne, Linghai Lu, and Julien Enconniere. 2023b. “Scheduled Flight Control System of Tilt-Rotor VTOL PAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1530
- Kanishk Mahaveer Jain. 2025. “AI-Driven Fuel Optimization in VTOL Aircraft: A Comprehensive Review.” Acceleron Aerospace Journal 4 (6): 1176–85. https://doi.org/10.61359/11.2106-2532
- Kanistras, Konstantinos, Pranith Chander Saka, Kimon P. Valavanis, Nikolaos I. Vitzilaios, and Matthew J. Rutherford. 2015. “Low Speed Wind Tunnel Investigation of a Circulation Control Wing for Enhanced Lift.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2575. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2575
- Kanno, Hideki, and Ryoji Katayanagi. 1995. “Characteristics of the Pilot-Induced Oscillation(PIO) of the T-2 CCV and Its Improvement.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 43 (498): 405–14. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.43.405
- Kanodia, Abhishek, Jayat Rohil, Archit Jain, Arnav Singh, and Gokula Krishna Tavva. 2024. Vimana Aerotech and the Development of a Tail-Sitter VTOL Drone for Research as Well as Commercial Facilitation. https://doi.org/10.52202/078383-0071
- Kantner, M., B. Bodenheimer, P. Bendotti, and R. M. Murray. 1995. “An Experimental Comparison of Controllers for a Vectored Thrust, Ducted Fan Engine.” In Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC’95, vol. 3. American Autom Control Council. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1995.531229
- Kantowitz, Barry H. 1992. “Flight Deck Automation and Pilot Workload.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/921132
- Kantowitz, Barry H., Sandra G. Hart, and Michael R. Bortolussi. 1983. “Measuring Pilot Workload in a Moving-Base Simulator: I. Asynchronous Secondary Choice-Reaction Task.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 27 (4): 319–22. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128302700413
- Kaparos, Pavlos E., Chris D. Bliamis, and Kyros Yakinthos. 2019. “Conceptual Design of a UAV with VTOL Characteristics.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3137
- Kaplan, David H. 1959. “Development of Quad Control for VTOL.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f15-015
- Kappus, P. 1969. “Design Concept for a V/STOL Intercity Jet.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-200
- Karasu, İlyas. 2015. “Dye Visualization of a Yawed Slender Delta Wing.” Journal of Thermal Engineering 1 (7). https://doi.org/10.18186/jte.97467
- Karemaa, A. 1971. “Vertical and Short Takeoffs and Landings of Hybrid Jet-Lift Airplanes.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-767. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-767
- Karemaa, A., H. Weber, and C. Smith. 1979. “Aerodynamic and Thermodynamic Characteristics of Flow Fields below VTOL Vehicles in Ground Proximity.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-338
- Karthikeyan, R., R. Sridhar, P. Panneer Selvam, and R. Jiniraj. 2022. “Design and Analysis of Medium Utility Aircraft Landing Gear.” ECS Transactions 107 (1): 1063–71. https://doi.org/10.1149/10701.1063ecst
- Kashitani, Masashi, Yoshihiro Takita, Thai Duong Nguyen, and Masato Taguchi. 2019. “Preliminary Study on Flight/Wind Tunnel Testing of Aircraft Model.” Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2019 (0): 446. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2019.446
- Kasten, T. 1986. “Configuration Development of a Tandem Fan V/STOL Assault Transport.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2642
- Katayanagi, Ryoji. 2001. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Analysis with Actuator Rate Limiting and Feedback Control Loop.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 44 (143): 48–53. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.44.48
- Katayanagi, Ryoji. 2004. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Analysis with Actuator Rate Limiting and Feedback Control Loop.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4998. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4998
- Kato, Yu, and Satoshi Suzuki. 2019. “Altitude Control of Small Multi-Rotor Helicopter Considering Ground Effect.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2019.16 (0): C110. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2019.16.c110
- Katz, Joseph. 1988. “Effect of Vertical Ejector-Jet on the Vortex-Lift of Delta Wings.” In 1st National Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-3842. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3842
- Katzenberger, E. 1967. “Design Approach to Commercial Rotor VTOL.” In Commercial Aircraft Design and Operation Meeting. AIAA 1967-410. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-410
- Katzoff, S. 1940. Longitudinal Stability and Control with Special Reference to Slipstream Effects. NACA-TR-690. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930091767
- Kaufman, Lawrence A. 1965. “A Concept for the Development of a Universal Automatic Flight Control System for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 10 (1): 19–34. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.10.19
- Kaufman, Lawrence A., and E. R. Schultz. 1963. “VTOL Automatic Flight Control.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f19-007
- Kawaguchi, Jun-ichiro, Yoshikazu Miyazawa, and Tetsujiro Ninomiya. 2008. “Flight Control Law Design with Hierarchy-Structured Dynamic Inversion Approach.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6959. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6959
- Kawaguchi, Jun’ichiro, Yoshikazu Miyazawa, and Tetsujiro Ninomiya. 2009. “Stochastic Evaluation and Optimization of the Hierarchy-Structured Dynamic Inversion Flight Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-6175. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6175
- Kawamura, Evan, Keerthana Kannan, Thomas Lombaerts, Vahram Stepanyan, Chester Dolph, and Corey A. Ippolito. 2024. “Ground-Based Vision Tracker for Advanced Air Mobility and Urban Air Mobility.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2010. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2010
- Kawauchi, Satoshi. 2026. “The Altitude-Margin Problem in Electric Aviation: Why Hybrid Systems and Backup Propulsion Are Essential for Urban eVTOL Safety.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5866663
- Kawazoe, Hiromitsu, and Susumu Kato. 2005. “Effects of Leading Edge Separation Vortex of Flexible Structure Delta Wing on Its Aerodynamic Characteristics(Wing and Airfoil).” Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (0): 583–89. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.583
- Kawazoe, Hiromitsu, and Shinji Morita. 2003. “Altitude Effects of Rolling Delta Wing on the Dynamic Characteristics and the Flow Fields around the Wing.” In 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-3471. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3471
- Kawazoe, Hiromitsu, and Shinji Morita. 2004a. “Dynamic Characteristics of Rolling Delta Wing with High Angle of Attack under the Ground Effect.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 52 (605): 272–79. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.52.272
- Kawazoe, Hiromitsu, and Shinji Morita. 2004b. “Ground Effect on the Dynamic Characteristics of a Wing-Rock Delta Wing.” In 34th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-2352. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2352
- Kazan, E., and J. Krause Jr. 1967. “A Comparative Analysis of the Effect of the Hover Control Concept onV/STOL Aircraft Size.” In 5th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1967-133. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-133
- Kbab, Hakim, Hamitouche Toufik, and Saïd Bergheul. 2020. “Numerical Simulation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in the Conical Nozzle.” Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 73 (2): 88–105. https://doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.73.2.88105
- Keçeci, Mustafa, and Hakan Oktal. 2026. “Dual-State Estimation of Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Batteries: Data-Driven Modeling and Experimental Verification.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 98 (8–9): 1096–1104. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2025-0439
- Kelek, Ata Çağlar, Şükrü Su, and Mustafa Soylak. 2026. “A Novel Test Unit for Aircraft Arresting Systems.” Aeronautical Journal 130 (1351): 2792–2807. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2026.10181
- Kellen, Adam, and Moble Benedict. 2018. “Effect of Rotor Geometry on UAV-Scale Cycloidal Rotor Hover Performance.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12682
- Keller, W. 1969. “Reaction Controls for Jet-Lift VTOL Aircraft.” In 5th Propulsion Joint Specialist. AIAA 1969-545. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-545
- Keller, Jeffrey D., Robert M. McKillip Jr., Joseph Horn, and Soohyeon Lee. 2026. “Development and Testing of a Subscale eVTOL Flight Vehicle for Stability, Control and Disturbance Response Characteristics.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 82nd Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0225
- Keller, J., Todd R. Quackenbush, Milton E. Teske, Daniel A. Wachspress, and Glen R. Whitehouse. 2006. “A Physics-Based Model of Rotorcraft Brownout for Flight Simulation Applications.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-083
- Keller, Dennis, and Ralf Rudnik. 2018. “Investigation and Improvement of Directional Stability and Control under Slipstream Effects.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-1793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1793
- Kellett, M. G. 1996. “Robustness Analysis of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In UKACC International Conference on Control. Control ‘96, vol. 1996. IEE. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960650
- Kellett, Martin, Simon Baguley, Josee Azinheira, and Joao Rente. 1996. “Singular Value Robustness Analysis of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1996-3929. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3929
- Kelley, H. L. 1962. Transition and Hovering Flight Characteristics of a Tilt-Duct VTOL Research Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-1491. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630000326
- Kelley, Bartram. 1970. State-of-the-Art: Applying the Assurance Technologies to Helicopters and Other VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4271/700585
- Kellock, Robert E., and Percy H. Miller. 1971. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Basic Nose-Cylinder Bodies for Large Ranges of Angle of Attack. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0742232
- Kelly, M. W. 1972. The Role of Wind Tunnel Testing in the Development of Advanced Rotary-Wing Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1972-4627
- Kelly, M. W. 1973. The Role of Wind Tunnel Testing in the Development of Advanced Rotary-Wing Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740039722
- Kelly, Ryan, and Aleksandar Jemcov. 2019. “Very Large Eddy Simulation (VLES) of a UH-60 Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1885. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1885
- Kelly, J. R., F. R. Niessen, and R. W. Sommer. 1970. Evaluation of a VTOL Flight-Director Concept during Constant-Speed Instrument Approaches. NASA-TN-D-5860. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700022497
- Kelly, J. R., F. R. Niessen, J. J. Thibodeaux, K. R. Yenni, and J. F. Garren Jr. 1974. Flight Investigation of Manual and Automatic VTOL Decelerating Instrument Approaches and Landings. NASA-TN-D-7524. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740019989
- Kelly, J. R., F. R. Niessen, K. R. Yenni, and L. H. Person Jr. 1977. Flight Investigation of a Vertical-Velocity Command System for VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-8480. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770021193
- Kelly, Mark W., and Louis H. Smaus. 1952. Flight Characteristics of a 1/4-Scale Model of the XFV-1 Airplane (TED No. NACA DE-378). NACA-RM-SA52J15. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Ames Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019245
- Kelly, M. W., and W. H. Tolhurst Jr. 1966. Characteristics of Two Large-Scale Jet-Lift Propulsion Systems. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015332
- Kelm, Benjamin, and Stephan Myschik. 2023. “Model-Based Control Reconfiguration of a Multirotor UAV Using Online System Identification by Sparse Regression (SINDYc).” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4464. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4464
- Kemp, E. 1967. “Studies of Exhaust-Gas Recirculation for VTOL Aircraft.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-439. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-439
- Kempel, R. 1971. “Assessment of Lifting Body Vehicle Handling Qualities.” In Space Shuttle Development Testing and Operations Conference. AIAA 1971-310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-310
- Kemper, Jay, and M. Christopher Cotting. 2016. “Simulator Design for Flying and Handling Qualities Instruction.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2016-1664. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1664
- Kenwright, David, Mustafa Dindar, Kenneth E. Jansen, Andrew Z. Lemnios, and Mark Shephard. 1998. “Effect of Tip Vortex Resolution on UH-60A Rotor-Blade Hover Performance Calculations.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f54-00050
- Kereliuk, S., and M. Sinclair. 1979. “Evaluation of IFR Handling Qualities of Helicopters Using the NAE Airborne V/STOL Simulator.” In Atlantic Aeronautical Conference. AIAA 1979-702. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-702
- Kern, Steven. 1992. “A Numerical Investigation of Vortex Flow Control through Small Geometry Modifications at the Strake/wing Junction of a Cropped Double-Delta Wing.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-411. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-411
- Kesling, P. 1968. “Development of V/STOL Size, Range and Speed Requirements.” In Aircraft Design for 1980’s Operations Meeting. AIAA 1968-209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-209
- Kesselring, C. B. 1969. “Steep Descent Landing Systems for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 14 (3): 25–26. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.14.25
- Kesselyak, M. 1974. “An Improved-Performance Control System for Low-Speed Flight.” In 2nd International Symposium on the Technology and Science of Low Speed and Motorless Flight. AIAA 1974-1039. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1039
- Key, David L. 1970. “Models for a VTOL Airplane in Transition.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f26-023
- Key, David L. 1971. The Generation of a Military Specification for Flying Qualities of Piloted V/STOL Aircraft-MIL-F-83300. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0725746
- Key, D., J. Kroll Jr., and J. Schuler. 1965. “VTOL Flying Qualities and the Flight Research Use of VTOL Variable Stability Airplanes.” In Low-Speed Flight Meeting. AIAA 1965-706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-706
- Khalaj, Amin Bonyad, Hamdi Ben Abdessalem, and Claude Frasson. 2024. “The Relation between Mental Workload and Face Temperature in Flight Simulation.” Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 14 (02): 64–92. https://doi.org/10.4236/jbbs.2024.142006
- Khan, M. Uzair. 2019. “Mathematical Modeling of Aircraft Flying Qualities with Varying Tail Dihedral.” International Journal of Materials, Mechanics and Manufacturing 7 (5): 224–29. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijmmm.2019.7.5.464
- Khan, Waqas, Meyer Nahon, and Ryan Caverly. 2013. “Propeller Slipstream Model for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies (MST) Conference. AIAA 2013-4907. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4907
- Khelassi, A., D. Theilliol, and P. Weber. 2010a. “Control Design for over-Actuated Systems Based on Reliability Indicators.” In UKACC International Conference on CONTROL 2010. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/ic.2010.0339
- Khrabrov, A., Yu. Vinogradov, and N. Abramov. 2004. “Mathematical Modelling of Aircraft Unsteady Aerodynamics at High Incidence with Account of Wing-Tail Interaction.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5278. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5278
- Khreish, J., and Arvind K. Sinha. 2006. “Design of a Vertical Take-Off Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Interoperable Capabilities – Mission Analysis Phase.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-071
- Khyasudeen, Muhammad Farris, Muhammad Badri Mhd Noor, Saaidal Razalli Azzuhri, and Norlida Buniyamin. 2024. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Precision Landing on a Moving Platform Using Image Matrix Segmentation Method.” Computers and Informatics 4 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.62189/ci.1254818
- Kibens, V., K. R. Saripalli, R. W. Wlezien, and J. T. Kegelman. 1988. “Unsteady Features of Jets in Lift and Cruise Modes for VTOL Aircraft.” In International Powered Lift Conference and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880049993
- Kidd, James. 1988. “Investigation of the Effect of Variable Tail Dihedral on Airplane Stability and Control.” In 15th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1988-4335. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4335
- Kidd, Edwin A., and Gifford Bull. 1963. Handling Qualities Requirements as Influenced by Pilot Evaluation Time and Sample Size. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0400265
- Kidwell, G. H., and D. C. Rapp. 1985. A Parametric Evaluation of Supersonic STOVL. SAE PAPER 851170. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860026236
- Kidwell, G. H., Jr. 1981. Conceptual/preliminary Design Study of Subsonic V/stol and Stovl Aircraft Derivatives of the S-3A. NASA-TM-81310. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810020580
- Kikuhara, S., and K. Tokuda. 1965. “A New STOL Flying Boat Design.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-755. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-755
- Kim, Jin-Hyun;Kang, Min-Sung;Park, Sang-Deok;. 2008. “Dynamic Modeling and Robust Hovering Control of a Quadrotor VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of Institute of Control Robotics and Systems 14 (12): 1260–65. https://doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2008.14.12.1260
- Kim, G. H. 2023. “Design of a Ducted Propeller System for a Tail-Sitter Type Vertical Take-off and Landing Vehicle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics.” In Civil-comp conferences, vol. 2. https://doi.org/10.4203/ccc.2.2.4
- Kim, Jacob. 2026a. “Low-Order Longitudinal Simulation of Tilt-Rotor VTOL Transition Flight with Airfoil-Based Aerodynamics and Dynamic Stall.” American Journal of Student Research: 32–52. https://doi.org/10.70251/hyjr2348.453252
- Kim, Sangdug. 2026b. “Numerical Study on Thrust Vectoring of Supersonic Nozzle Flow Utilizing Tabs.” Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 30 (2): 38–49. https://doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2026.30.2.038
- Kim, Hongseok, and Moble Benedict. 2026. “Experimental Investigation of Multi-Rotor Gust-Response and Rejection Using a 3-DOF Twin-Rotor Test-Rig.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4252. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4252
- Kim, Jinrae, John L. Bullock, Sheng Cheng, and Naira Hovakimyan. 2025b. “Smooth Reference Command Generation and Control for Transition Flight of VTOL Aircraft Using Time-Varying Optimization.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1123. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1123
- Kim, Dooroo, Cason Butler, and Mark Costello. 2023d. “Rotorcraft Robotic Landing Gear with Locking Mechanisms.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 145 (6): 061002. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4062317
- Kim, Minkyung, Sheng Cheng, and Naira Hovakimyan. 2025a. “Autotuning the Unified Control and Generalized Control Allocation for VTOL Vehicles Using DiffTune.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1122
- Kim, Su-Yean, and Jongwook Choi. 2011. “Flow Analysis around Tilt-Rotor Aircraft at Various Tilt Angles.” Journal of the Korean Society of Visualization 9 (2): 40–47. https://doi.org/10.5407/jksv.2011.9.2.040
- Kim, Hye-Lim, and Sungjo Hong. 2024. “Planning Direction of Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Vertiport Using Parking Building Site.” Journal of the Urban Design Institute of Korea Urban Design 25 (2): 127–44. https://doi.org/10.38195/judik.2024.04.25.2.127
- Kim, D., and Y. Jo. 2024. “Analysis of Aerodynamic Interaction Due to Interference Effects between Rotor, Ground and Obstacle.” Journal of computational fluids engineering 29 (4): 76–89. https://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2024.29.4.076
- Kim, Do-Gyun, and Yeongmin Jo. 2025. “Analysis of the Aerodynamic Interaction between Wing and Rotor for a Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 53 (5): 479–89. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2025.53.5.479
- Kim, Sehoon, Wongwan Jung, Dongwoo Jayden Lee, and Daejun Chang. 2025c. “Techno-Economic Conceptual Design of Battery and Fuel Cell Hybrid Propulsion Multirotor Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5174665
- Kim, Chang-Joo, Sangho Kim, TaeSan Park, Soo Hyung Park, Jae Wook Lee, and Joon Soo Ko. 2014a. “Flight Dynamics Analyses of a Propeller-Driven Airplane (I): Aerodynamic and Inertial Modeling of the Propeller.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 15 (4): 345–55. https://doi.org/10.5139/ijass.2014.15.4.345
- Kim, Yeji, Seungkeun Kim, and Jinyoung Suk. 2024c. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion-Based Fault-Tolerant Guidance for UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2564. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2564
- Kim, J., and N. Komerath. 1993. “Summary of the Interaction of a Rotor Wake with a Circular Cylinder.” In 23rd Fluid Dynamics, Plasmadynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1993-3084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3084
- Kim, Jae-Eun, Hanseob Lee, and Sungwook Cho. 2024b. “Development of Smart Tow Vehicles for the Activation of Urban Air Mobility Vertiport Infrastructure.” Journal of Institute of Control Robotics and Systems 30 (2): 74–85. https://doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2024.23.0202
- Kim, Won-Jin, and Jae-Hong Park. 2022. “A Study on the Factors Affecting UAM Vertiport Location Selection.” Korean Association of Urban Policies 13 (2): 119–37. https://doi.org/10.21447/jusre.2022.13.2.119
- Kim, Hyun D., Aaron T. Perry, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2018. “A Review of Distributed Electric Propulsion Concepts for Air Vehicle Technology.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-4998. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4998
- Kim, Jae, Elena Shrestha, Jean-Paul Reddinger, Kristoff McIntosh, and Sandipan Mishra. 2023c. “A Reinforcement Learning Approach to Control of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter for Adaptive Landing Maneuvers.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18173
- Kim, Haedong, Marc Williams, and Anastasios Lyrintzis. 2001. “An Improved Method for Rotor Wake Capturing.” In 15th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2669. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2669
- Kimball, Dwayne F. 1993. “Flying Qualities Development and Flight Simulation Evaluation of the TW-68 Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/932517
- Kimberlin, R., and A. Sinha. 1983. “STOL Attack Aircraft Design Based on an Upper Surface Blowing Concept.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2535
- Kimura, Sharina, Michael Zintl, Claudius Hammann, and Florian Holzapfel. 2024. “Simulator-Based Mixed Reality eVTOL Pilot Training: The Instructor Operator Station.” In Proceedings of the CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3613904.3642060
- King, E., Jr., L. Freeman, K. Whitaker, and C. Karr. 1991. “Two-Dimensional Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Optimization Techniques.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-473. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-473
- Kink, M. P. 1967. Aerodynamic Data on Large Semispan Tilting Wing with 0.5-Diameter Chord, Single-Slotted Flap, and Single Propeller 0.08 Chord below Wing. NASA-TN-D-4030. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670025877
- Kinzer, John F. 2008. The DP-2 Jet Lift Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Advanced Technology Demonstration Program. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f64-000386
- Kirby, Robert H. 1954a. Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Ducted-Fan Model in Hovering Flight. NACA-RM-L54C18. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930088196
- Kirby, Robert H. 1954b. Stability and Control Flight Tests of a Vertically Rising Airplane Model Similar to the Lockheed XFV-1 Airplane. NACA-RM-SL54J18. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023639
- Kirby, Robert H. 1956a. Exploratory Investigation of the Effectiveness of Biplane Wings with Large-Chord Double Slotted Flaps in Redirecting a Propeller Slipstream Downward for Vertical Take-off. NACA-TN-3800. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084546
- Kirby, Robert H. 1956b. Flight Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of Vertically Rising Airplane Research Model with Swept or Unswept Wings and X- or +-Tails. NACA-TN-3812. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084609
- Kirby, Robert H. 1957. “Stability and Control of Propeller-Driven Transport VTOL Airplanes.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 13 - Washington, D.C. 1957. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f13-007
- Kirby, R. H. 1960a. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Propeller-Driven VTOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004809
- Kirby, Robert H. 1960b. “Compilation of Papers Summarizing Some Recent NASA Research on Manned Military Aircraft. I. VTOL Aircraft: State of the Art.” In Compilation of Papers Summarizing Some Recent NASA Research on Manned Military Aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670023742
- Kirby, Robert H. 1961. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Propeller-Driven VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-730. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040047148
- Kirby, R. 1964. “Dynamic Tests of V/stol Transport Models.” In Transport Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-619. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-619
- Kirby, R. H., M. O. McKinney, and W. A. Newsom. 1963. Aerodynamic Factors to Be Considered in the Design of Tilt-Wing V/STOL Airplanes. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630018924
- Kirby, R. H., and W. A. Newsom Jr. 1964. Flight Investigation of Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/9-Scale Model of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing V/stol Transport. NASA-TN-D-2443. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640020182
- Kirby, R. H., and L. P. Parlett. 1964. Test Techniques Used by Nasa for Investigating Dynamic Stability Characteristics of V/stol Models. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640007101
- Kirk, Kelly, Yansen Wang, Brent Kraczek, and Carl Lederman. 2022. The Inclusion of Realistic Winds in a Simulated Environment for the Study of Wind-Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Interactions. DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1170051
- Kish, Brian, David Leggett, Ba Nguyen, Thomas Cord, and Gary Slutz. 1996. “Concepts for Detecting Pilot-Induced Oscillation Using Manned Simulation.” In 21st Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1996-3431. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3431
- Kish, Brian A., William B. Mosle, Seo Adam, Cabiati John, Kromberg Roberto, and James. 1997a. A Limited Flight Test Investigation of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Due to Elevator Rate Limiting (HAVE LIMITS). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada286959
- Kish, Brian, William Mosle III, Adam Remaly, et al. 1997b. “A Limited Flight Test Investigation of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Due to Rate Limiting.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1997-3703. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3703
- Kishiwada, Kazuki, Koichi Yonemoto, Takahiro Fujikawa, Kento Shirakata, and Takahiro Matsukami. 2019. “Effect of Control Surface Responses on Flight Control System Based on Hierarchical Dynamic Inversion.” Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2019.72 (0): C23. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2019.72.c23
- Kisslinger, Robert L., and Michael J. Wendl. 1971. Survivable Flight Control System. Studies, Analyses and Approach. Supplement for Control Criteria Studies. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0727762
- Kita, Koichi, Atsushi Konno, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2009a. “1A2-E13 Transitions between Level-Flight and Hovering of a Tail-Sitter VTOL Aerial Robot.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2009 (0): _1A2-E13_1-_1A2-E13_4. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2009._1a2-e13_1
- Kita, Koichi, Atsushi Konno, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2009b. “Hovering Control of a Tail-Sitter VTOL Aerial Robot.” Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 21 (2): 277–83. https://doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2009.p0277
- Kjelgaard, S., W. Sellers III, and R. Weston. 1986. “Flowfield Survey over a 75 Deg Swept Delta Wing at an Angle of Attack of 20.5 Deg.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1775. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1775
- Klafin, J. 1988. “Integrated Thrust Vectoring on the X-29A.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1988-4499. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4499
- Klein, Gary D., John Krainski, Kendra Befort, and Russell Enns. 2017. AH-64 Apache DVE Mission Workload and Handling Qualities Simulation Study. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2017_hq-1572
- Klimchenko, Vera, Byung-Young Min, and Brian Wake. 2023. “Model and Full-Scale Rotor Hover Performance Analysis Using HELIOS/OVERFLOW.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1188. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1188
- Klinar, Walter J. 1947. Free-Spinning and Tumbling Tests of a 1/16-Scale Model of the McDonnell XP-85 Airplane. NACA-RM-L7C10. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028500
- Klinar, Walter J., and Samuel J. Craig. 1961a. “Gust Simulation as Applied to VTOL Control Problems.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610245
- Klinar, Walter J., and Samuel J. Craig. 1961b. “Study of VTOL Control Requirements during Hovering and Low-Speed Flight under IFR Conditions.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 6 (4): 33–42. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.6.33
- Klinar, Walter J., and Frederick M. Healy. 1955. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Investigation of a 0.034-Scale Model of the Production Version of the Chance Vought F7U-3 Airplane, TED No. NACA AD 3103. NACA-RM-SL55G15. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050030056
- Klinar, Walter J., and Ira P. Jones Jr. 1950. Spin-Tunnel Investigation of a Model of a 60 Degree Delta-Wing Airplane to Determine the Spin, Recovery, and Longitudinal Trim Characteristics throughout an Extensive Range of Mass Loadings. NACA-RM-L9L06. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086108
- Kling, Ulrich, and Mirko Hornung. 2019. “Landing Gear Integration into Aircraft Structure in Early Design Stage.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2019-01-1890
- Klingloff, Robert F., Wladimir Sardanowsky, and Robert C. Baker. 1965. “The Effect of VTOL Design Configuration on Power Required for Hover and Low Speed Flight.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 10 (3): 2–14. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.10.2
- Kluever, E. 1967. “An Assessment of Ground and Flight Simulators for the Examination Ofmanned Lunar Landing.” In Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1967-238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-238
- Klunk, Garrett T., and Jeffrey L. Freeman. 2018. “Vertical Tail Area Reduction for Aircraft with Spanwise Distributed Electric Propulsion.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-5022. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-5022
- Klyde, David H., David G. M. Mitchell, William Geyer, et al. 2020b. “Identifying Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies in Advanced Fly-by-Wire Rotorcraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16397
- Klyde, David H., Martin J. W. Schubert, David L. Mitchell, et al. 2022. “Towards Handling Qualities and Automation Assessment for Certification of eVTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17549
- “Kneeling Landing Gear: The C5 Variable Geometry Development.” 1973. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 45 (3): 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035003
- Knight, R. G., W. V. Powell Jr., and J. A. Prizlow. 1973. Conceptual Design Study of a V/STOL Lift Fan Commercial Short Haul Transport. NASA-CR-2185. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730013203
- Knott, P. 1977. “V/STOL Aerodynamic Testing Techniques at British Aircraft Corporation.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-584. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-584
- Kobayakawa, M., Y. Kondo, and H. Suzuki. 1993. “Airfoil Flow Control at High Angle of Attack by Surface Oscillation.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_18
- Koc¸er, Gu¨lru, Og˘uz Uzol, and I˙lkay Yavrucuk. 2008. “Simulation of the Transient Response of a Helicopter Turboshaft Engine to Hot-Gas Ingestion.” In Volume 2: Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Cycle Innovations; Electric Power. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51164
- Kocamer, Abdullah, Oguz Kose, Firat Şal, and Tugrul Oktay. 2025. “Conceptual Design of Simultaneous Wing Dihedral Adjustment and Control System for a Mini VTOL UAV.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (9): 1149–58. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-11-2024-0313
- Kocurek, J., Wayne Durham, J. Kocurek, and Wayne Durham. 1997. “Dynamic Inversion and Model-Following Flight Control: A Comparison of Performance Robustness.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3777
- Kodera, Kenta, and Masafumi Miwa. 2017. “Development of Tailsitter VTOL Using Multicopter.” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2017.55 (0): K1213. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2017.55.k1213
- Koenig, D. G. 1984. V/STOL Wind-Tunnel Testing. NASA-TM-85936. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840016460
- Koenig, D. G., T. N. Aiken, K. Aoyagi, and M. D. Falarski. 1977. Large-Scale V/STOL Testing. AIAA PAPER 77-586. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052091
- Koeniguer, Donald, and Derek Spear. 2018. “Improved Altitude Hold and Hover Stabilization System Flight Testing on the United States Air Force HH-60G Helicopter.” In 2018 Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2018-4169. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4169
- Kohlman, David L. 1977. “Flight Test Data for Light Aircraft Spoiler Roll Control Systems.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/770441
- Kohn, A. O. 1972. “Military Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Propulsion Systems Design.” In ASME 1972 International Gas Turbine and Fluids Engineering Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/72-gt-73
- Kok, J., M. Fuchs, and C. Mockett. 2017. “Delta Wing at High Angle of Attack.” In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52995-0_7
- Kolesar, Charles E. 1971. Four Prop Tilt Wing with Cyclic Pitch Propellers: Results of Full Span Wind Tunnel Test/Phase 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0734236
- Kolesar, Charles E., George Kassianides, and Joyce Andrews. 1970a. Four Prop Tilt Wing with Cyclic Pitch Propellers: Results of Full Span Wind Tunnel Test/Phase 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0734235
- Kolesar, Charles E., George Kassianides, and Joyce Andrews. 1970b. Four Prop Tilt Wing with Leading Edge BLC: Results of Semi-Span Wind Tunnel Test. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0734233
- Komerath, N., T. Thompson, and R. Gray. 1985. “Velocity Measurements in the near Field of a Rotor Blade in Hover.” In 3rd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-5013. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-5013
- Komov, Aleksei A. 2022. “Aircraft Landing Gear Scheme and Engine Protection.” Vestnik Moskovskogo aviatsionnogo instituta 29 (1): 7–18. https://doi.org/10.34759/vst-2022-1-7-18
- Konar, A. F., J. K. Mahesh, and B. Kizilos. 1974. Digital Flight Control System for Tactical Fighter. Volume 1. Digital Flight Control System Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada002320
- Kondor, Shayne, Robert J. Englar, and Warren J. Lee. 2003. Investigation of Pneumatic Inlet and Diffuser Blowing on a Ducted Fan Propulsor in Static Thrust Operation. Georgia Tech Research Inst. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040001424
- Kondor, Shayne A., and Mark Moore. 2005. “Experimental Investigation of a Morphing Nacelle Ducted Fan.” In Proceedings of the 2004 NASA/ONR Circulation Control Workshop, Part 1. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050192632
- Kong, Wenjie, Hai Du, Qinlin Zhang, et al. 2020. “Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Rotorcraft Blade Tip Vortex in Hovering State.” AIP Advances 10 (3): 035007. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5143942
- Kong, Chuihuan, Lijun Pan, Dawei Wu, Rubing Ma, Changfu Cheng, and Yunwen Lou. 2023. “Research on Key Technologies of Scaled Model Flight Testing.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2658 (1): 012047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2658/1/012047
- Koning, Witold J. F. 2018. Generation of Performance Model for the Aeolian Wind Tunnel (AWT) Rotor at Reduced Pressure. NASA/CR-2018ý219737. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180008699
- Konstadinopoulos, P., D. Mook, and A. Nayfeh. 1985. “Subsonic Wing Rock of Slender Delta Wings.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-198. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-198
- Koratkar, Nikhil, and Inderjit Chopra. 2001. “Open-Loop Hover and Wind Tunnel Testing of Mach-Scaled Rotor with Trailing-Edge Flaps.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-1358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-1358
- Korbacher, G. K. 1963. Performance and Operation of Quasi Two Dimensional Jet Flaps. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0426783
- Korbacher, G. K. 1964. Performance, Operation, and Use of Lowaspect-Ratio Jet-Flapped Wings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608515
- Korn, J. 1974. “The Effect of Inlet Distortion on the Performance and Stability of the Low-Speed Spool of a Turbofan Engine.” In 12th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1974-234. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-234
- Koronkov, Sergei Olegovich. 2022. “Methodology of Automated Study of the Workload of a Helicopter Pilot.” Программные системы и вычислительные методы, no. 4: 63–74. https://doi.org/10.7256/2454-0714.2022.4.36459
- Kose, Oguz. 2024. “Stochastic Optimal Tuning for Flight Control System of Morphing Arm Octorotor.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 96 (5): 669–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2023-0002
- Köse, Oğuz, and Mustafa Özuysal. 2023. “Determination of Vertiport Locations Using k-Means Algorithm for Urban Air Mobility (UAM) in İzmir Province.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Civil Engineering & Architecture Conference Volume 1: Civil Engineering. Golden Light Publishing. https://doi.org/10.31462/icearc.2023.tra299
- Kostić, Čedomir J., Boško P. Rašuo, and Aleksandar M. Janković. 2015. “Flying Spin Qualities Testing of Airplane.” Tehnika 70 (5): 789–803. https://doi.org/10.5937/tehnika1505789k
- Kotansky, D. 1978. “The Influence of V/STOL Vehicle Configuration Variables on Vectored Jet Induced Flow Fields in Ground Effect.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1021
- Kotansky, D. R. 1982. “The Modeling and Prediction of Multiple Jet VTOL Aircraft Flow Fields in Ground Effect.” In AGARD Fluid Dyn. of Jets with Appl. to V(STOL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820015292
- Kotansky, D., and W. Bower. 1977a. “A Basic Study of the VTOL Ground Effect Problem for Planar Flow.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-614. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-614
- Kotansky, D. R., and W. W. Bower. 1977b. Viscous Flowfields and Airframe Forces Induced by Two-Dimensional Lift Jets in Ground Effect. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada043518
- Kotansky, D. R., and L. W. Glaze. 1978. Investigation of Impingement Region and Wall Jets Formed by the Interaction of High Aspect Ratio Lift Jets and a Ground Plane. NASA-CR-152174. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010491
- Kotansky, D. R., and L. W. Glaze. 1987. “STOL Landing Thrust: Reverser Jet Flowfields.” In NASA. Ames Research Center Prodeedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center’s Ground-Effects Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014984
- Kotarski, Denis, Matija Krznar, Petar Piljek, and Nikola Simunic. 2017. “Experimental Identification and Characterization of Multirotor UAV Propulsion.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 870: 012003. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/870/1/012003
- Kotsiopoulos, Petros, Pericles Pilidis, and Dimitrios Adamopoulos. 1997. “Transient Performance Analysis of a Two Spool Turbofan for Lifing and Handling Purposes.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-199
- Kotwicz Herniczek, Mark T., and Brian J. German. 2024. “Scalable Combinatorial Vertiport Placement Method for an Urban Air Mobility Commuting Service.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2678 (10): 1624–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981241239654
- Kotwicz Herniczek, Mark T., Brian J. German, and Lukas Preis. 2024. “Fleet and Vertiport Sizing for an Urban Air Mobility Commuting Service.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2678 (8): 443–69. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231216977
- Kraenzler, Matthias, Manfred Schmitt, and Eike Stumpf. 2019. “Conceptual Design Study on Electrical Vertical Take off and Landing Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility Applications.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3124. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3124
- Kraft, E. M. 1974. Analytical Study of Ventilated Wind Tunnel Boundary Interference on V/ STOL Models Including Wake Curvature and Decay Effects. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada000922
- Krammer, Christoph, Simon Scherer, Chinmaya Mishra, and Florian Holzapfel. 2021. “Concept for a Vision-Augmented Automatic Landing System for VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3217
- Kratz, Jonathan, and Dennis Culley. n.d. “Enhancement of an Electrified Tilt-Wing Propulsion System Using Turbine Electrified Energy Management.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition 2021. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205010868
- Krekeler, Gregory, Jr., David Wilson, and David Riley. 1990. “High Angle of Attack Flying Qualities Criteria.” In 28th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1990-219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-219
- Kress, Robert W. 1978. “Use of Radio Controlled Models in the Conceptual Development of V/STOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/781050
- Kress, R. 1980. “Surface Combatant Fleet Offensive/defensive Enhancement by High Performance Turbofan VTOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1811. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1811
- Kriechbaum, Gerhard K. L., and Thomas E. Lollar. 1968. “VTOL Handling Qualities Criteria and Control Requirements –Analysis and Experiment.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f24-017
- Kriechbaum, G., and R. Stineman. 1971. “Design of Desirable Airplane Handling Qualities via Optimal Control.” In Guidance, Control and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1971-956. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-956
- Krishnakumar, Raman, K. Senthil Kumar, and T. Anand. 2014. “Design and Development of Vertical Takeoff and Horizontal Transition Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Advanced materials research 1016: 436–40. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1016.436
- Krishnamoorthy, V. 1971. An Analysis of Correlating Parameters Relating to Hot Gas Ingestion Characteristics of Jet VTOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-111867. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710010796
- Kristy, Michael H. 1995. “Strut and Wall Interference on Jet-Induced Ground Effects of a STOVL Aircraft in Hover.” PhD diss., Naval Postgraduate School. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960029247
- Krohn, Greg. 1988. Manprint Findings from the OT II Test of the Remotely Piloted Vehicle System (Aquila). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada396413
- Krois, Paul, Joseph Block, Paul Cobb, Gano Chatterji, Shulu Chen, and Peng Wei. 2024. “The Vertiport Human Automation Teaming Toolbox (V-HATT) for the Design and Evaluation of Urban Air Mobility Infrastructure.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1952. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1952
- Kruk, Ronald V., Greg Craig, S. A. Jennings, and Carl P. Swail. 1999. “Contrasting Effects of Control System Delay and Visual System Delay on Helicopter Pilot Performance: Preliminary Findings.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f55-00034
- Kubo, Daisuke. 2018. “Gust Response Evaluation of Small UAS via Free-Flight in Gust Wind Tunnel.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0297
- Kubo, Daisuke, Koji Muraoka, Noriaki Okada, Masaru Naruoka, Takeshi Tsuchiya, and Shinji Suzuki. 2009. “Flight Testing of a Wing-in-Propeller-Slipstream Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. AIAA 2009-2070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2070
- Kubo, Daisuke, Koji Muraoka, Noriaki Okada, and Shinji Suzuki. 2010. “High Angle of Attack Flight of a Wing-in-Propeller-Slipstream Mini Unmanned Aircraft.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2010. AIAA 2010-3467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-3467
- Kubo, Daisuke, and Shinji Suzuki. 2007. “Transitional Flight Control of Tail-Sitter Vertical Takeoff and Landing Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2007 Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-2752. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2752
- Kubota, H., M. Y. Jia, T. Watanuki, and K. Suzuki. 1993. “Asymmetric Flow around High-Angle-of-Attack Slender Bodies.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_19
- Kucuk, Senol. 1988. “An Adaptive Human Response Mechanism Controlling the V/STOL Aircraft. Appendix 3: The Adaptive Control Model of a Pilot in V/STOL Aircraft Control Loops.” PhD diss., Pittsburgh Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900012461
- Kuhlman, J. M., D. S. Ousterhout, and R. W. Warcup. 1978a. Experimental Investigation of Effect of Jet Decay Rate on Jet-Induced Pressures on a Flat Plate. NASA-CR-2979. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780013153
- Kuhlman, J. M., D. S. Ousterhout, and R. W. Warcup. 1978b. Experimental Investigation of Effects of Jet Decay Rate on Jet-Induced Pressures on a Flat Plate: Tabulated Data. NASA-CR-158990. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790007770
- Kuhlman, J., and R. Warcup. 1977. “Effects of Jet Decay Rate on Jet Induced Loads on a Flat Plate.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-596. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-596
- Kuhlman, J. M., and R. W. Warcup. 1979. Experimental Investigation of Jet-Induced Loads on a Flat Plate in Hover out-of-Ground Effect. NASA-CR-159004. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790009624
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1957. Investigation of Effectiveness of a Wing Equipped with a 50-Percent-Chord Sliding Flap, a 30-Percent-Chord Slotted Flap, and a 30-Percent-Chord Slat in Deflecting Propeller Slipstreams Downward for Vertical Take-off. NACA-TN-3919. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084858
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1959. Semiempirical Procedure for Estimating Lift and Drag Characteristics of Propeller-Wing-Flap Configurations for Vertical-and Short-Take-Off-and-Landing Airplanes. NASA-MEMO-1-16-59L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980232082
- Kuhn, R. E. 1960. Review of Basic Principles of v STOL Aerodynamics. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004808
- Kuhn, R. E. 1965. Ground Effects on V/stol and Stol Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021530
- Kuhn, R. E. 1967. Technological Gaps in V/STOL Development. NASA-TM-X-60770. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680003495
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1979. Height of Spray Produced by Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft,. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073099
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1980. Conceptual Study of Modifying an Existing Fighter for V/STOL Capability and Combat Maneuvering Enhancement. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada087657
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1981. An Engineering Method for Estimating the Lateral/Directional Characteristics of V/STOL Configurations in Transition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada100386
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1986. Recommendations for Ground Effects Research for V/STOL and STOL Aircraft and Associated Equipment for Large Scale Testing. NASA-CR-177429. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880008201
- Kuhn, Richard E. 1987a. “Hover Suckdown and Fountain Effects.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/872305
- Kuhn, R. E. 1987b. “V/STOL and STOL Ground Effects and Testing Techniques.” In Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center’s Ground-Effects Workshop. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014978
- Kuhn, Richard E., David C. Bellavia, Victor R. Corsiglia, and Douglas A. Wardwell. 1991b. On the Estimation of Jet-Induced Fountain Lift and Additional Suckdown in Hover for Two-Jet Configurations. NASA-TM-102268. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920024374
- Kuhn, Richard E., David C. Bellavia, Douglas A. Wardwell, and Victor R. Corsiglia. 1991a. On the Anomalies in Single-Jet Hover Suckdown Data. NASA-TM-102261. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920024062
- Kuhn, Richard E., and Kalman J. Grunwald. 1960. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Deflected Slipstream VTOL Model Including the Effects of Ground Proximity. NASA-TN-D-248. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227804
- Kuhn, Richard E., and Kalman J. Grunwald. 1961. Lateral Stability and Control Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Deflected-Slipstream VTOL Model Including the Effects of Ground Proximity. NASA-TN-D-444. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227771
- Kuhn, Richard, Craig Hange, and Douglas Wardwell. 1993a. “The Hot Gas Environment of Jet STOVL Aircraft Hovering in Ground Effect.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4888. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4888
- Kuhn, Richard E., and Marion 0. McKinney Jr. 1965. Nasa Research on the Aerodynamics of Jet Vtol Engine Installations. NASA-TM-X-56820. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650025397
- Kuhn, R. E., and R. D. Vogler. 1965. Longitudinal and Lateral Stability Characteristics of Two Four-Jet VTOL Models in the Transition Speed Range. NASA-TM-X-1092. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660013636
- Kuhn, Richard, William Wardwell, and William Blake. 1993b. “A Method for Estimating the Lift and Pitching Moment on Jet STOVL Aircraft Hovering in Ground Effect.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4816. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4816
- Kuijvenhoven, J. 1990. “Validation of Propeller Slipstream Calculations Using a Multi-Block Euler Code.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1990-3035. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3035
- Kukla, O. 2026. “Software Simulation Options for eVTOL Tiltwing Configurations.” In Engineering Mechanics. Institute of Thermomechanics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague. https://doi.org/10.21495/em2026-69
- Kumar, Sanjay. 2026. “Autonomous Heliport Digital Twins for Sustainable Vertiport Transition in India: The AHDTCAO Framework.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6464064
- Kumar, Tanay, Mangal Kothari, and Raktim Bhattacharya. 2024a. “H_\infty Robust Control of a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0318. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0318
- Kumar, Vivek, Alakesh C. Mandal, and Kamal Poddar. 2021a. “Experimental Study of Vortex Breakdown over Nonslender Flying Wing at High Angle of Attack.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2609. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2609
- Kumar, P., P. Raghavendra, Tuhin Sahai, and Narayan Ananthkrishnan. 2004. “Spin Recovery of an Aircraft Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Techniques.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-378. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-378
- Kumar, Veneet, Rajkumar Sharma, Shailesh Sharma, Siddharth Chandel, and Subodh Kumar. 2021b. “A Review on Design Methods of Vertical Take-off and Landing UAV Aircraft.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1116 (1): 012142. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1116/1/012142
- Kumtepe, Yagiz, Tijmen Pollack, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2022. “Flight Control Law Design Using Hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1597. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1597
- Kunwar, Bikash, Stefanus H. Putra, Henry C. McCormick, Rajan Bhandari, Imon Chakraborty, and Nadine Auda. 2026. “Control Law Development, Flight Testing, and System Identification of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Subscale Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2288. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2288
- Kunz, Johanna, Samuel Layer-Reiss, Florian Holzapfel, and Matthias Bittner. 2024. “Development of eVTOL Scenarios for Trajectory Generation.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-3855. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3855
- Kurane, Kakeru, Kenta Uechi, Koichi Takahashi, Koji Fujita, and Hiroki Nagai. 2018. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Mars Airplane Airfoils with Control Surface in Propeller Slipstream.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-2058. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2058
- Kurniawan, Rudy. 2014. “Perancangan Kontroler PID Dan Sliding Mode Control Untuk Kestabilan Hover Pada UAV Trirotor.” Jurnal Ecotipe (Electronic, Control, Telecommunication, Information, and Power Engineering) 1 (1): 29–36. https://doi.org/10.33019/ecotipe.v1i1.43
- Kurylowich, George, and Alfred Ritter. 1970a. “Experiments on Pilot Visibility from a V/STOL in Overwater Hover.” In Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Environmental Effects on VTOL Designs - Arlington, Texas 1970. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-2700
- Kurylowich, George, and Alfred Hotchkiss Ritter. 1970b. “Experiments on Pilot Visibility from a V/STOL in Overwater Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 16 (4): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.16.19
- Kutney, John T. 1964a. “The Lift/Cruise Fan Propulsion System for VTOL Applications.” In ASME 1964 Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/64-gtp-17
- Kutney, J. 1964b. “Propulsion System Development for V/STOL TRANSPORTS.” In Transport Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-606. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-606
- Kutschera, Antony, and Peter Render. 1999. “Performance Assessment of Thrust Vector Controlled Post Stall Manoeuvrable Fighter Aircraft Using Minimal Input Data.” In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1999-4020. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4020
- Kuwamura, Koya, and Susumu Hara. 2017. “Application of Battery Information to Effective Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control.” Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2017.66 (0): 322. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2017.66.322
- Kwak, Joon Vin, Tarun Venkatesh, Marty K. Bradley, Mitul Luhar, and Saakar Byahut. 2026a. “Battery Specific Energy and C-Rate Considerations for Hybrid-Electric VTOL and CTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4733. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4733
- Kwak, Joon Vin, Tarun Venkatesh, Marty K. Bradley, Mitul Luhar, and Saakar Byahut. 2026b. “Flight Mission Modeling of eVTOL and eCTOL Commuter Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2280
- Kyoung-Moo Min et al, Kyoung-Moo Min et al., and Tjprc. 2019. “Design , Flight Test Result of a Small Scale Hybrid VTOL UAV.” International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development 9 (2): 203–10. https://doi.org/10.24247/ijmperdapr201919
- LaBiche, Mitchell. 2003. “Unconventional VTOL Aircraft Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000266
- Lacey, T. R. 1977. “MIL-F-83300; View from an Aircraft Designer.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011158
- Laddusaw, Justin, Anthony Pollman, Oleg Yakimenko, and Anthony Gannon. 2021. “Combining a Fuel Cell and Ultracapacitor Bank to Power a Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial System.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1115/1.0000494v
- Lade, Tobias, and Sébastien Guérin. 2026. “Efficiency–Noise Trade–Off of Downscaled eVTOL Tiltrotor: A Low–Fidelity Multi-Objective Optimisation Framework.” In 32nd AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (2026). AIAA 2026-3470. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-3470
- LaForge, Sally V., James Jennings, and A. L. Zobrist. 1990. “Champ: A Helicopter/vtol Flight Model for Integrated Operational Analysis.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f46-2015
- Laillatul, Mei, and Purwadi Agus Darwito. 2026. “The Development of a Type-2 Fuzzy Algorithm for Quadplane Attitude Control System in VTOL to Cruising Transition.” Inform: Jurnal Ilmiah Bidang Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi 11 (1): 20–28. https://doi.org/10.25139/inform.v11i1.9644
- Lallman, F. J. 1985. Preliminary Design Study of a Lateral-Directional Control System Using Thrust Vectoring. NASA-TM-86425. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860001736
- Lam, Quang, Anthony J. Calise, and Nhan T. Nguyen. 2024. “Perspective Chapter: Intelligent Adaptive Flight Control Augmentation of a Dynamic Inversion Autopilot.” In IntechOpen eBooks. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1004113
- Lambert, Ralph. 1989. “Cockpit Information Management through an Intelligent Pilot/vehicle Interface.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2098. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2098
- Lampard, G. 1978. “The Effect of Thrust Vectoring and Attitude Control Concepts on the Propulsion System of V/STOL Aircraft.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1020. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1020
- Lampkin, B. A. 1980. A Candidate V/STOL Research Aircraft Design Concept Using an S-3A Aircraft and 2 Pegasus 11 Engines. NASA-TM-81204. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800015801
- Lampl, David E., and Sophie F. Armanini. 2023. “Energy-Based Preliminary Sizing and Hover Performance Assessment of Hybrid-Electric VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3923
- Lancey, Timothy W., and Eugene E. Cooper. 1989. “Fluctuating Pressure and Thermal Environments of Runway Joint Seals Exposed to Jet Engine Exhaust.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 86 (S1): S31-S31. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.2027456
- Lander, J., and J. Palcza. 1974. “Exhaust Nozzle Deflector Systems for V/STOL Fighter Aircraft.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1169. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1169
- Landfield, J., and C. Henderson. 1984. “STOL Technology for Conventional Flight Enhancement.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2397. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2397
- Landgrebe, A. 1969. “An Analytical Method for Predicting Rotor Wake Geometry.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-196. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-196
- Landgrebe, Anton J. 1971. An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Helicopter Rotor Hover Performance and Wake Geometry Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0728835
- Landgrebe, Anton J. 1972. “The Wake Geometry of a Hovering Helicopter Rotor and Its Influence on Rotor Performance.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f28-011
- Landi, Francesco, and Luca Caccetta. 2025. “A Hover Driven Approach to eVTOL Aircraft Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0288
- “Landing Gear.” 1973. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 45 (7): 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035046
- “Landing Gear.” 1974. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 46 (5): 28–32. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035154
- “Landing Gear.” 1975. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 47 (4): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035240
- “Landing Gear.” 1986. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 58 (7): 3–6. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb036310
- “Landing Gear and Subsystems.” 2024. In Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Seventh Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107290.0351.0392
- Landing Gear Design. 2012. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118352700.ch9
- Lange, Roy H. 1945. Langley Full-Scale Tunnel Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Directional Stability and Trim Characteristics of a Fighter-Type. NACA-WR-L-109. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092687
- Langston, Lee S. 2016. “Some Details of Jet Engine Thrust.” Mechanical Engineering 138 (09): 76–77. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2016-sep-6
- Lapins, M., R. W. Klein, R. P. Martorella, J. Cangelosi, and W. R. Neely Jr. 1982. “Piloted Simulator Evaluation of a Relaxed Static Stability Fighter at High Angle-of-Attack.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820055547
- Large, E. 1981. “Optimal Flight Paths for Winged, Supersonic Flight Vehicles — Extension to the Case Where Thrust Can Be Vectored.” Aeronautical Journal 85 (847): 343–48. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000030062
- Large Scale Static Tests of a Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Propulsion/attitude Control System. 1978. NASA-CR-152181. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780024155
- Larsen, Thomas L. 1975. “Remotely Piloted Vehicle Technology Development Using the XQM-103 Research Test Vehicle.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/751109
- Larson, R. 1986. “Flight Control System Development and Flight Test Experience with the F-111 Mission Adaptive Wing Aircraft.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2237. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2237
- Laskaridis, Panagiotis. 2015. “Assessment of Distributed Propulsion Systems Used with Different Aircraft Configurations.” In 51st AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2015-4029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-4029
- “Lateral Control Power (Rolling Performance).” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0323.0340
- “Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities in Forward Flight.” 2002a. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0107.0120
- “Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities in Hover.” 2002b. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0069.0074
- “Lateral-Directional Stability Theory and Flight Test Methods.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0297.0310
- Lau, Benton H., Friedrich Straub, V. R. Anand, and Terry Birchette. 2009. “SMART Rotor Development and Wind-Tunnel Test.” In 35th European Rotorcraft Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090035867
- Lavi, R. 1966. “Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Investigation of VTOL LIFT-ENGINE Inlet Performance and Operation.” In 2nd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1966-655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-655
- Lavi, R. 1967b. “Parametric Investigation of VTOL Ground Proximity Effects.” In 3rd Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1967-440. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-440
- Lavrukhin, Gennadii Nikolaevich, Evgueny Borisovich Skvortsov, and Vadim Alekseevich Talyzin. 2014. “Experimental Investigation of the Aerogasdynamics of a Vectored-Thrust Nozzle.” TsAGI Science Journal 45 (7): 659–67. https://doi.org/10.1615/tsagiscij.2014012972
- Lawrence, Benita, and George Head. 2024. “Safety and Certification Considerations of eVTOL Aircraft.” In Safe AI Systems. Safety-Critical Systems Club C.I.C. https://doi.org/10.65391/r1916
- Lazer, Yerkiman, and Akmaral Alikhanovna Kuatbayeva. 2026. “Hybrid Ai-Based Control of VTOL Vehicles in Urban Environments.” Universum:Technical sciences 143 (2). https://doi.org/10.32743/unitech.2026.143.2.22012
- Le Bris, Gaël, and Loup-Giang Nguyen. 2023a. “An Airport & Vertiport/Aircraft Compatibility Approach of Electric Vertical Takeoff & Landing Aircraft Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18060
- Le Bris, Gaël, and Loup-Giang Nguyen. 2023b. “An Airport and Vertiport/Aircraft Compatibility Approach of Electric Vertical Takeoff & Landing Aircraft Design.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-1258
- Lebacqz, J. V. 1974. “Application of a Kalman Filter Identification Technique to Flight Data from the X-22A Variable Stability V/STOL Aircraft.” In NASA. Flight Res. Center Parameter Estimation Tech. and Appl. in Aircraft Flight Testing. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740017465
- Lebacqz, J. V., and E. W. Aiken. 1975a. “A Flight Investigation of Control, Display, and Guidance Requirements for Decelerating Descending VTOL Instrument Transitions Using the X-22A Variable Stability Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 31 - Washington, D.C. 1975. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f31-028
- Lebacqz, J. V., and E. W. Aiken. 1975b. “Results of a Flight Investigation of Control-Display Interactions for VTOL Decelerating Descending Instrument Approaches Using the X-22A Aircraft.” In NASA. Ames Res. Center 11th Ann. Conf. on Manual Control. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750025622
- Lebacqz, J., and R. Chen. 1977. “Design and Flight Test of a Decoupled Velocity Control System for VTOL Landing Approach.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1143
- Lebacqz, J., and R. Radford. 1978. “An Experimental Investigation of Control-Display Requirements for a Jet-Lift VTOL Aircraft in the Terminal Area.” In 4th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1978-1363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1363
- Lebacqz, J. V., Robert C. Radford, and R. E. Smith. 1974. “An Experimental Investigation of Stol Lateral-Directional Flying Qualities and Roll Control Power Requirements Using the Variable Stability X-22A Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f30-024
- Lebacqz, J. V., J. M. Schuler, and R. E. Smith. 1972. “An Experimental Investigation of STOL Longitudinal Flying Qualities in the Landing Approach Using the Variable Stability X-22A Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f28-024
- Lebacqz, J., and B. Scott. 1984. “Ground-Simulation Investigation of VTOL Instrument Flight Rules Airworthiness Criteria.” In 11th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1984-2105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2105
- Lee, Henry A. 1952. Investigation of Spinning and Tumbling Characteristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultee XFY-1 Airplane in the Free-Spinning Tunnel, TED No. NACA DE 370. NACA-RM-SL52L10. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029463
- Lee, Henry A. 1953. Investigation of the Spinning and Tumbling Characteristics of a 1/25-Scale Model of the Lockheed XFV-1 Airplane in the Langley 20-Foot Free-Spinning Tunnel. NACA-RM-SL53G24. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029432
- Lee, Shiang-yu. 2005. “An Analytical Representation of Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In 4th AIAA Theoretical Fluid Mechanics Meeting. AIAA 2005-5192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5192
- Lee, Alfred T. 2017. “Handling Qualities and Control Loading.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315255217-11
- Lee, Donguk. 2026. “Aviation Fuel and Grid Electricity Trade-Offs in Hybrid-Electric eVTOL Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7528320
- Lee, Daewon, Asad Awan, Suseong Kim, and H. Jin Kim. 2012a. “Adaptive Control for a VTOL UAV Operating near a Wall.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-4835. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4835
- Lee, Hanseob, and Jongchan Baek. 2025. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of a VTOL UAV with a Commercial Flight Controller.” Journal of Society of Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering 48 (2): 206–12. https://doi.org/10.11627/jksie.2025.48.2.206
- Lee, DongBin, Timothy Burg, Bin Xian, and Darren Dawson. 2006. Output Feedback Tracking Control of an Underactuated Quad-Rotor UAV. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada462603
- Lee, Seungcheol, Seokbong Chae, Yisu Shin, and Jooha Kim. 2026a. “Aerodynamic Effects of Rotor–rotor Interaction on a Twin-Rotor System in Ground Effect.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 1031: A42. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2026.11347
- Lee, Jaein, Dong-Hyun Cho, Younggun Lee, Yebin Lee, Kwang-Soo Kim, and Jong-Bum Kim. 2023. “Multi-DOF Virtual Flight Testing and Free Flight Wind Tunnel Test System Development for Investigation of Aircraft Flight Characteristics.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 51 (3): 149–57. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2023.51.3.149
- Lee, Howard P., Joshua W. Clemens, and Hussein M. Youssef. 2011. “Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Design for Aircraft with Non-Minimum Phase Response.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-01-2617
- Lee, David G., and H. D. Davidson Jr. 1973. Low Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of an a-4 Aircraft with an Air Cushion Landing System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0761621
- Lee, Soohyeon, Joseph F. Horn, Todd R. Quackenbush, and Jeffrey D. Keller. 2026c. Handling Qualities Analysis of an eVTOL Aircraft with Direct Side Force Control. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5203
- Lee, Dong-Ho, and Seong-Hwan Kim. 1993. “An Efficient Method to Calculate Rotor Flow in Hover and Forward Flight.” In 11th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3336. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3336
- Lee, Jiwon, and Youdan Kim. 2024a. “MPC-Based Longitudinal Control Design for a Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV in Transition Flight.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0141. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0141
- Lee, Hanna, Jinrae Kim, Seokwon Lee, and Youdan Kim. 2025b. “Unified Control of VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV for Transition Flight Using Generalized Extended State Observer.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5521527
- Lee, T., and L. S. Ko. 2018. “Ground Effect on the Vortex Flow and Aerodynamics of a Slender Delta Wing.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 140 (7): 071104. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4039232
- Lee, Hojin, Min Lee, Jaebong Lee, Youngbin You, and Jaeha Ahn. 2026d. “An Operational Approach to Takeoff and Landing for Swarm Flight of Multiple VTOL UAVs with Outdoor Flight Tests.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 34 (3): 350–60. https://doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2026.34.3.350
- Lee, Dong-Wook, Dong-Kyu Lee, and Sung-Sik Park. 2024b. “A Research on the Design and Operation of Regional Hub-Level Vertiport.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 32 (1): 79–90. https://doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2024.32.1.079
- Lee, Henry A., and Charles E. Libbey. 1961. Incipient- and Developed-Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a Modern High-Speed Fighter Design with Low Aspect Ratio as Determined from Dynamic-Model Tests. NASA-TN-D-956. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227452
- Lee, B., and S. Marnineau-Mes. 1996. “Mach Number and Angle of Attack Effects on the Flow past a Fighter-Type Wing at High Incidence.” In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2510
- Lee, T., T. Ni, and G. Lin. 2024a. “Aerodynamics and Flowfield of Distributed Electric Propulsion Tiltwing during Transition with Deflected Trailing-Edge Flap.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 146 (5): 051202. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4063934
- Lee, Eun Ha, Byung Park, Yong Han, and Jeong-Hyun Kim. 2012c. “Investigation on Aerodynamic Behaviors at the Extreme Angle of Attack of Two-Dimensional Wing.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-3020. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3020
- Lee, H. C., and A. R. Swegle. 1963. Landing Gear Development. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0408930
- Leggett, David, and Thomas Cord. 1994. “Flying Qualities Demonstration Maneuvers.” In Biennial Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1994-2113. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-2113
- Lehman, August F. 1971. Model Studies of Helicopter Tail Rotor Flow Patterns in and out of Ground Effect. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0725591
- Lehmkuhl, Oriol, Adrián Lozano-Durán, and Ivette Rodriguez. 2020. “Active Flow Control for External Aerodynamics: From Micro Air Vehicles to a Full Aircraft in Stall.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1522 (1): 012017. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1522/1/012017
- Lei, Yao, and Rongzhao Lin. 2019. “Effect of Wind Disturbance on the Aerodynamic Performance of Coaxial Rotors during Hovering.” Measurement and Control 52 (5–6): 665–74. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020294019834961
- Lei, Zhijin, and Gecheng Zha. 2021. “Lift Enhancement for Highly Swept 3D Delta Wing at Low Speed Using CoFlow Jet Flow Control.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2559
- Leishman, J. G. 2008. Rotorcraft Brownout: Advanced Understanding, Control and Mitigation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada498268
- Leishman, J. Gordon. 2010. Rotorcraft Aerodynamics. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470686652.eae018
- Leishman, J. G. 2014. Rotorcraft Brownout Advanced Understanding, Control, and Mitigation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada619872
- Leitner, Amiram. 1986. Thrust Vector Control, Heat Transfer Modeling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada522372
- Leland, T. J. W., and W. C. Thompson. 1975. Landing Impact Studies of a 0.3-Scale Model Air Cushion Landing System for a Navy Fighter Airplane. NASA-TN-D-7875. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750009270
- Lemay, S., S. Batill, and R. Nelson. 1988. “Leading Edge Vortex Dynamics on a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2559. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2559
- Lemmin, Jürgen. 1986. “An Approach to an Integrated Control System for a Modern Fighter Aircraft Engine.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/86-gt-277
- Lenfers, Carsten, Nils Beck, and Rolf Radespiel. 2017. “Numerical and Experimental Investigation of Propeller Slipstream Interaction with Active High Lift Wing.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3248
- Leng, Yuchen, Murat Bronz, Thierry Jardin, and Jean-Marc Moschetta. 2020. “Slipstream Deformation of a Propeller-Wing Combination Applied for Convertible UAVs in Hover Condition.” Unmanned Systems 08 (04): 295–308. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385020500247
- León, Benjamin L., Julian J. Rimoli, and Claudio V. Di Leo. 2021. “Rotorcraft Dynamic Platform Landings Using Robotic Landing Gear.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 143 (11): 111006. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051751
- Leonard, Christian, Erwan Eko Prasetiyo, and Ikbal Rizki Putra. 2023. “Design and Implementation of Electrical System Morphing Wing Flight Control on Prototype Light Aircraft.” International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 14 (2): 781. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v14.i2.pp781-788
- Leovan, Larry. 2019. Smarter Flight through Vectored Thrust. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2019_prop-977
- Lepe, Melissa, and Jacqueline L. Huynh. 2026. “Systematic Multi-Criteria Approach to Determine Suitable Vertiport Locations for Advanced Air Mobility.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2276. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2276
- Lepicovsky, Jan. 2008. Investigation of Flow Instabilities in the Inlet Ducts of DP-1C VTOL Aircraft. NASA/CR-2008-215216. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080023309
- LeRoy, Jean-Francois, Ivan Mary, and Ovide Rodriguez. 2003. “CFD Solutions of 70-Deg Delta Wing Flows.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-4219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4219
- Lesiário, Ana, and Martin Hagström. 2010. “Parametric Studies on UAV Flying Qualities.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7821. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7821
- “Level Flight Performance Flight Test and Data Reduction Methods for Propeller-Driven Aircraft.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0083.0096
- Levi, O., and W. Nelson. 1963. “An Analytical and Flight-Test Approach to the Reduction of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Susceptibility.” In Testing of Manned Flight Systems Conference. AIAA 1963-1801. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1801
- Levine, J., and Malcolm Inglis. 1989. “US/UK Advanced Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Program (ASTOVL).” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2039. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2039
- Levinsky, E., and J. Ramsey. 1972. “Methodology for Estimating STOL Aircraft High Lift Systems Characteristics.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-779. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-779
- Levinsky, E. S., H. U. Thommen, P. M. Yager, and C. H. Holland. 1968. Lifting Surface Theory and Tail Downwash Calculations for V/STOL Aircraft in Transition and Cruise. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0680969
- Lewandowski, F. P. 1980. VTOL/STOL Visual Study. NASA-CR-166292. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820009998
- Lewis, W. J. 1989. “Propulsion Systems for Supersonic V/STOL Aircraft.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-309
- Lewis, E. L., R. G. Culpepper, and V. R. Hancock. 1978. An Innovative Technique for Static and Dynamic V/STOL Testing. AHS 78-42. U.S. Navy, Naval Air Systems Command, Washington. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790034152
- Lewis, G. M., and W. J. Lewis. 1981. “V/STOL Status from the Engine Technology Viewpoint.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033378
- Lewis, James, Andrew J. Lofthouse, and Ashish Bagai. 2023. “CFD Study of a Counter-Rotating Propeller eVTOL Concept.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0421
- Lewis, W. D., J. V. R. Prasad, D. P. Schrage, and D. Wolfe. 1991. “Performance and Handling Qualities Criteria for Low Cost Real Time Rotorcraft Simulators: A Methodology Development.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f47-1040
- Lewis, W., and P. Simpkin. 1981. “Multi-Mission V/STOL with Vectored Thrust Engines.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1363
- Leylek, Emily, and Mark Costello. 2013. “Flight Stability and Control of Articulated Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. AIAA 2013-4982. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4982
- Li, Dong. 2008. “Control of a Ducted Fan UAV with Hover-to-Cruise Transition Flight.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6333
- Li, Jiayi. 2024. “Study on Aerodynamic Interference of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft at Different Rotor Deflection Angles.” Frontiers in Science and Engineering 4 (10): 17–34. https://doi.org/10.54691/bj05ev30
- Li, Zhuoneng, and Andrea Da Ronch. 2026. “A New Rapid Vortex-Based Aerodynamic Model for Propeller-Wing Interaction.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0251. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0251
- Li, Yitang, Hongxun Hui, Shaohua Yang, and Alexis Pengfei Zhao. 2025d. “eVTOL Vertiport Siting and Sizing for Urban Air Mobility Integrated with Power Systems.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5723409
- Li, Xiang, Yi Jiang, Jiannan Zhang, Shaoyan Shi, and Liangyu Zhao. 2018b. “A Method to Compensate Interaction between Actuator Dynamics and Control Allocator under Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Controller.” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 428: 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/428/1/012048
- Li, Zhong-Hai, and Nannan Li. 2010. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Landing Point Recognition Based on Natural Landform Image.” Journal of Computer Applications 30 (4): 971–73. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2010.00971
- Li, Huan, Bin Li, Jiangtao Chen, Pengcheng Cui, and Yaobing Zhang. 2020b. “Validation of Momentum Source Method in the Analysis and Prediction of the Rotor Finite Ground Effect in Hover.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1600 (1): 012057. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1600/1/012057
- Li, Yanan, Haiwang Li, Gang Xie, and Mohan Sun. 2024d. “Design, Integration and Testing of a 10 kW Hybrid-Electric Powertrain for Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-7012
- Li, Jiayi, Qi Liu, and Yong Xu. 2026g. “Probabilistic Transition Corridor for Tilt-Quadrotor Aircraft under Stochastic Gust Disturbances.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6879724
- Li, Yu, Xiaoxiong Liu, Qun Zuo, Wei Huang, Ruichen Ming, and Weiguo Zhang. 2023d. “An Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Prescribed Performance for Damaged Aircraft.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_198
- Li, Zhuoneng, Vadim Maltsev, Amir H. Modarres, and Andrea Da Ronch. 2024g. “Rapid Aerodynamic Methods for the Analysis of Propeller Wing Interaction.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-3521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3521
- Li, T., and A. Polak. 1966. “Three-Dimensional Boundary-Layer Flow over a Flat Delta Wing at a Moderate Angle of Attack.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-492. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-492
- Li, Li, Lei Qiao, Jiakuan Xu, and Junqiang Bai. 2025f. “Improved Aerodynamic-Propulsion Integration Model for Distributed-Electric-Propulsion System and Its Integration in Sizing for Hybrid-Electric Distributed-Propulsion Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5280480
- Li, Aijun, Yi Shen, and Weiguo Zhang. 2003. “Dynamic Inversion Fuzzy Integration Control in High Angle-of-Attack Flight.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5253, edited by Guangjun Zhang, Huijie Zhao, Zhongyu Wang. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.522088
- Li, Wen, Shuang Shi, Mou Chen, Shuyi Shao, and Qingxian Wu. 2023h. “Switching Modeling and Bumpless Transfer Tracking Control for the Conversion Mode of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 45 (11): 2103–14. https://doi.org/10.1177/01423312221148523
- Li, Li, Zhi Hui Shi, and Tsutomu Saito. 2013b. “A Survey of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle by Numerical Analysis.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426: 1685–88. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.1685
- Li, Wei, Jiekai Shi, Fang Wang, and Jie Bai. 2023a. “Attitude Stability Control and Visualization Simulation for Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Fixed-Wing Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7102
- Li, Yinian, and Gongquan Tan. 2023. “Attitude Control of Quadrotor UAV Using Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” Frontiers in Computing and Intelligent Systems 5 (2): 90–95. https://doi.org/10.54097/fcis.v5i2.12979
- Li, Zhenwen, Lianghui Tu, and Jun Lu. 2025j. “Research on Aircraft Spin Recovery Method Utilizing Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5292691
- Li, Zeyu, Yong Wang, Mingyang Chen, and Zhengchen Zhu. 2026h. “Research on a Coupling Characteristic Analysis Method for Aero-Engine Considering the Influence of S-Shaped Intake Ports.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 43 (3): 645–54. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2025-0133
- Li, Lin, Jun Xu, and Fu Lei Zheng. 2013a. “Study on Pilot Transfer Function Model Gain of Closed-Loop Pilot-Vehicle System.” Advanced materials research 706-708: 1038–41. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.1038
- Li, Jinfeng, Rui Yang, Chenglong Li, Yunfan Zhou, and Longyang Huang. 2023e. Initial Research on the Vertiport for the Urban Air Mobility. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.2-12-2022.2327966
- Li, Jiaxu, Ziquan Yu, and Youmin Zhang. 2023b. “Disturbance Observer-Based Fault-Tolerant Control of Tail-Sitter UAV with Second-Order Actuator Dynamics.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_299
- Li, Danyu, Liang Zhang, Chongsen Mo, and Naigang Cui. 2024c. “Application of Improved Appointed Time Control in Helicopter Mode of a Tilt-Rotor Evtol Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4864679
- Li, Yuhan, Shuguang Zhang, Nan Wang, Michael Zintl, and Florian Holzapfel. 2026b. “A Data-Driven Handling Qualities Assessment Approach,for a Lift-and-Cruise eVTOL Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6438823
- Li, Juan, Xiaowei Zhao, and Michael Graham. 2020c. “Vortex Force Maps for Three-Dimensional Unsteady Flows with Application to a Delta Wing.” Journal of Fluid Mechanics 900: A36. https://doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2020.515
- Li, Boyang, Weifeng Zhou, Jingxuan Sun, Chihyung Wen, and Chihkeng Chen. 2018c. “Model Predictive Control for Path Tracking of a VTOL Tailsitter UAV in an HIL Simulation Environment.” In 2018 AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2018-1919. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1919
- Li, Yifan, Yuchun Zou, Jian Ding, Senlin Liu, and Ziyang Zhen. 2024i. “Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Aircraft Deceleration Transition Control Based on L1 Adaptive Control.” Guidance, Navigation and Control 04 (04): 2450019. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737480724500195
- Liang, Wang, Xiangqian Jiang, Di Wang, Lisheng Wang, and Zhijun Tu. 2022b. “Research on Aerial Autonomous Docking and Landing Technology of Dual Multi-Rotor UAV.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/au.165633739.99167578/v1
- Liang, Yu, Xiaowen Shan, Zican Wang, and Qinzhe Zheng. 2022a. “Propeller Installation Effect and Surrogate Based Optimization of a Tail-Sitter Drone.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3379. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3379
- Liao, Tianpei, Amal Haridevan, Yibo Liu, and Jinjun Shan. 2022. “Autonomous Vision-Based UAV Landing with Collision Avoidance Using Deep Learning.” In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10464-0_6
- Liao, Fang, Kai-Yew Lum, and Jianliang Wang. 2010. “Flight Control of VTOL Quadrotor Aircraft via Output Feedback.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2010-8083. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-8083
- Lichota, Piotr. 2023. “Unstable Tilt-Rotor Maximum Likelihood Wavelet-Based Identification from Flight Test Data.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (8): 1275–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2023-0013
- Lieblein, S. 1970a. “Problem Areas for Lift Fan Propulsion for Civil VTOL Transports.” In DEUTSCHE GESELLSCHAFT FUER LUFT- UND RAUMFAHRT. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710039676
- Lieblein, S. 1970b. “A Review of Lift Fan Propulsion Systems for Civil VTOL Transports.” In 6th Propulsion Joint Specialist Conference. AIAA 1970-670. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-670
- Lieblein, S., and N. O. Stockman. 1969. Theoretical Analysis of Flow in VTOL Lift Fan Inlets without Crossflow. NASA-TN-D-5065. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690008499
- Liggett, Kristen K., and Jennie J. Gallimore. 2001. The OKCR and Pilot Performance during Transitions between Meteoroglogical Conditions Using HMD Attitude Symbology. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada430365
- Lightfoot, Ralph. 1968. “VTOL: 1968.” In 5th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1968-977. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-977
- Likhite, Isha. 2022. “Design and Analysis of Solar-Powered VTOL Aircraft System for Surveillance.” INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 06 (06). https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem16477
- Lilley, J., S. Pengelly, and P. Fisher. 1991. “The PC as a Generic Developmental Fuel Control for Expendable Turbojet Engines.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-3399. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3399
- Lim, Shawn Kin Yip. n.d. “Comprehensive Multi-Disciplinary Design of an Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/182730
- Lim, Kang-Hee, Seong-Hun Kim, Seung-Ju Shin, and Kyung-Hwan Kang. 2023. “A Study on the Application of the eVTOL Aircraft Airworthiness Certification System.” Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society 24 (12): 452–57. https://doi.org/10.5762/kais.2023.24.12.452
- Lim, Kyong, and Daniel Moerder. 2007a. “CMG Control of a VTOL Platform.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6458. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6458
- Lim, K. B., and D. D. Moerder. 2007b. “CMG-Augmented Control of a Hovering VTOL Platform.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070031031
- Lim, Kyong, Jeong-Yeob Shin, and Daniel Moerder. 2004. “Variable Speed CMG Control of a Dual-Spin Stabilized Unconventional VTOL Air Vehicle.” In AIAA 3rd “Unmanned Unlimited” Technical Conference, Workshop and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-6537. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6537
- Limage, C. 1977. “Development of Low Pressure Ratio Vectoring Nozzles for V/STOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/770988
- Lina, L., and M. Moul. 1965. “A Simulator Study of T-Tail Aircraft in Deep Stall Conditions.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-781. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-781
- Lind, G., and V. Beck. 1991. “Man-in-the-Loop Simulation as a VTOL Development Tool.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3144
- Lind, G., and G. Tamplin. 1981. “V/STOL Technology Requirements for Future Fighter Aircraft.” In 17th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1981-1360. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1360
- Lindner, Till Konstantin, Jonas Oldeweme, Peter Scholz, and Jens Friedrichs. 2024. “Interaction and Performance of Propeller and Wing in a Distributed Propulsion Configuration.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4851270
- “Linear Quadratic Flight Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.016
- “Linearizing the Equations of Motion.” 2003. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Mechanics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862069.0239.0302
- Linehan, R. D. 1996. “4-Dimensional Control of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In UKACC International Conference on Control. Control ‘96, vol. 1996. IEE. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19960649
- Linnell, R. D. 1963. Estimation of Takeoff Ground-Run Distances for Jet-Propelled Conventional and STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0408661
- Liseitsev, Nikolai K. 2025a. “Design Features of Short and Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4599-2_12
- Liseitsev, Nikolai K. 2025b. “Landing Gear Design.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-4599-2_21
- Lissaman, P. 1967. “Design Data for the Jet Flap in Ground Effect.” In 5th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1967-2. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-2
- Lissaman, P. 1969. “Analysis of Thick, Cambered Jet Flap Airfoils in Ground Effect.” In CASI/AIAA Subsonic Aero-and Hydro-Dynamics Meeting. AIAA 1969-738. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-738
- Litt, Jonathan S. 2024. “Optimal Control Allocation for Distributed Electric Propulsion in a Series/Parallel Partial Hybrid Powertrain.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 147 (1): 011028. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4066589
- Litt, Jonathan, and Ten-Huei Guo. 2008. “Fast Thrust Response for Improved Flight/Engine Control under Emergency Conditions.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6503. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6503
- Litt, Jonathan S., Ten-Huei Guo, T. Shane Sowers, et al. 2012. “Pilot-in-the-Loop Evaluation of a Yaw Rate to Throttle Feedback Control with Enhanced Engine Response.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150006756
- Litt, Jonathan, and T. Sowers. 2006. “Evaluation of an Outer Loop Retrofit Architecture for Intelligent Turbofan Engine Thrust Control.” In 42nd AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2006-5103. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-5103
- Littell, Justin. 2019. “Challenges in Vehicle Safety and Occupant Protection for Autonomous Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing (eVTOL) Vehicles.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4504. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4504
- Littleboy, D., P. Smith, D. Littleboy, and P. Smith. 1997. “Bifurcation Analysis of a High Incidence Aircraft with Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3717. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3717
- Liu, Yang. n.d. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing and Nighttime Trajectory Estimation of Quadrotors.” PhD diss., Northeastern University. https://doi.org/10.17760/d20328702
- Liu, David T. 1962. “Rotor Stability Derivatives at High Inflow Ratio Conditions for Tilt Rotor VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 7 (2): 10–21. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.7.2.10
- Liu, Yaolong. 2023. “Multi-Fidelity Optimization of Ducted Fan for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4393. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4393
- Liu, Xinhua, and Yunfeng Cao. 2003. “Research on the Application of Vision-Based Autonomous Navigation to the Landing of the UAV.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5253, edited by Guangjun Zhang, Huijie Zhao, Zhongyu Wang. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.521398
- Liu, Y., M. Chen, and H. Tang. 2020b. “Modeling and Control Schedule Design of a Two-Dimensional Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle and Aeroengine.” Aeronautical Journal 125 (1287): 879–915. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2020.129
- Liu, Yi, Cameron T. Druyor, and Li Wang. 2023c. “High-Fidelity Analysis of Lift+Cruise VTOL Urban Air Mobility Concept Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3671. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3671
- Liu, Tianshu, and Gary Fleming. 2006. “Videogrammetric Determination of Aircraft Position and Attitude for Vision-Based Autonomous Landing.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-1437. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1437
- Liu, Y., Z. Jiao, and L. Zhao. 2022c. “Modelling and Control Allocation of a New VTOL Configuration.” IET Conference Proceedings 2022 (7): 1383–90. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.1874
- Liu, Jiahao, Gaohua Li, Dechuan Ma, and Fuxin Wang. 2025b. “Aerodynamic Interference and Wake Characteristics of a Multirotor Tandem Tilt-Wing Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft in Conversion Flight.” Physics of Fluids 37 (11): 115127. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0302547
- Liu, Deyuan, Hao Liu, Jiansong Zhang, and Frank L. Lewis. 2020a. “Adaptive Attitude Controller Design for Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Journal of Vibration and Control 27 (1–2): 185–96. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077546320925350
- Liu, Qingling, and Mohammad M. Lone. 2013. “Towards the Design of a Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Detection and Mitigation Scheme.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. AIAA 2013-4605. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4605
- Liu, Bin, Ivan V. Lozovsky, and Sergey B. Maryin. 2022d. “Vertical Takeoff and Landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Scholarly Notes of Komsomolsk-na-Amure State Technical University, no. 1: 4–6. https://doi.org/10.17084/20764359-2022-57-4
- Liu, Wenshuai, Wenyong Quan, Junli Wang, Kangjie Wang, Jiahuan Wang, and Yilin Mei. 2024d. “Structural Design and Parameter Optimization of Vector Brackets for Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4229153/v1
- Liu, Z., S. Tang, M. Li, and J. Guo. 2018b. “Optimal Control of Thrust-Vectored VTOL UAV in High-Manoeuvering Transition Flight.” Aeronautical Journal 122 (1250): 598–619. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.1
- Liu, C., J. Thomas, and C. Tung. 1983. “Navier-Stokes Calculations for the Vortex Wake of a Rotor in Hover.” In 16th Fluid and Plasmadynamics Conference. AIAA 1983-1676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1676
- Liu, Yi, and Li Wang. 2024. “High-Fidelity Simulations of Lift+Cruise VTOL Urban Air Mobility Concept Aircraft in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1118. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1118
- Liu, Zhaomiao, Ying Li Xu, and Feng Shen. 2013. “Collar Length on the Performance of a Nozzle Using Fluidic Counterflow for Thrust Vectoring.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 341-342: 524–27. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.341-342.524
- Liu, Guoqing, Ken Yang, Brian Sykora, and Imad Salha. 2009. “Performance Evaluation of a W-Band Monopulse Radar in Rotorcraft Brownout Landing Aid Application.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 7308, edited by Kenneth I. Ranney, Armin W. Doerry. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.819957
- Liu, Zhenchang, Yufei Zhang, JianJian Liang, and Haixin Chen. 2022a. “Application of the Improved Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion in Fixed-Wing UAV Flight Tests.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 35 (6): 04022091. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001495
- Liu, Qian, Aoqi Zhu, Ruoyu Deng, Zuchao Zhu, and Kexin Wu. 2026d. “Study on Hysteresis Characteristics in Dual Throat Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6248061
- Livingston, C. L. 1965. Wind Tunnel Tests of a Full-Scale Rotor at High Speeds. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0619157
- Lizak, Alfred A. 1960. Two-Dimensional Wind Tunnel Tests of an H-34 Main Rotor Airfoil Section. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0466300
- Lloyd, A. J. P., J. J. McAvoy, and V. K. Rajpaul. 1978. Integration of Air Cushion Landing System Technology into the JINDIVIK Remotely Piloted Vehicle. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada058004
- Lobb, Morgan, Aron Finnemore, Charles Proe, et al. 2026. “Tandem Propeller-Wing Interaction under Discrete and Continuous Gusts.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4723
- Lockhart, Matthew. n.d. “Characterisation of Wing Joint Aerodynamics in Tilt Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Numerical Methods.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/b8e846c
- Lockheed-California Co Burbank. 1964. Wind Tunnel Tests of an Optimized, Matched Stiffness Rigid Rotor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0612011
- Logan, A. H. 1976. Analytical Investigation of an Improved Helicopter Landing Gear Concept. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada029372
- Logan, Andy. 1989. Methods to Improve the Conceptual Design Process for Rotary Wing Aircraft- McDonnell Douglas Helicopter Company. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotary_1989-3454
- Loh, Weng Kheong, and Jamey Jacob. 2013. “Modeling and Attitude Control Analysis of a Spherical VTOL Aerial Vehicle.” In 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2013-1092. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-1092
- Loh, Weng Kheong, and Jamey D. Jacob. 2014. “Modeling and Evaluation of a Spherical VTOL Aerial Vehicle with Ground Mobility.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0726. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0726
- Lohar, Fayyaz. 2000. “H(infinity) and Mu Synthesis for Full Control of Helicopter in Hover.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-895. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-895
- Lohry, Mark, Sayan Ghosh, and Ganesh Rajagopalan. 2011. “Graphics Hardware Acceleration for Rotorcraft Brownout Simulation.” In 20th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3224. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3224
- Lollar, Thomas E., and Gerhard K. L. Kriechbaum. 1968. “VTOL Handling Qualities Criteria and Control Requirements—Analysis and Experiment.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 13 (3): 20–30. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.13.20
- Lombaerts, Thomas, Ping Chu, and Jan Albert (Bob) Mulder. 2010. “Flight Control Reconfiguration Based on Online Physical Model Identification and Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In Lecture Notes in Control and Information Sciences. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11690-2_13
- Lombaerts, Thomas, Herve Huisman, Ping Chu, Bob Mulder, and Diederick Joosten. 2008. “Flight Control Reconfiguration Based on Online Physical Model Identification and Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7435. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7435
- Lombaerts, Thomas, John Kaneshige, and Michael Feary. 2020. “Control Concepts for Simplified Vehicle Operations of a Quadrotor eVTOL Vehicle.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3189. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3189
- Londono, Monica, and Bret Leonhardt. 2012. “Parameter Identification of an Executive Transport Aircraft: Simulation Update and Flight Test Results.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4734. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4734
- Long, P. 1968. “Derivative Aircraft Model Testing Challenges Flight Test Ingenuity.” In 2nd Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1968-264. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-264
- Longhurst, W. S. 1966. “A Report on Stability and Control Testing of a Tilt Wing V/STOL Aircraft.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/660315
- “Longitudinal and Lateral Linear Stability and Control.” 2014. In Flight Dynamics, Simulation, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b17346-10
- “Longitudinal Control and Trim Theory and Flight Test Methods.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0275.0283
- “Longitudinal Flying Qualities in Forward Flight.” 2002a. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0075.0106
- “Longitudinal Flying Qualities in Hover.” 2002b. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0051.0068
- Longo, J. 1994. “The Compressible Inviscid Vortex Flow of a Sharp Edge Delta Wing.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-71. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-71
- López, Noah S., Alejandro M. Santamaría, and Saullo G. Castro. 2022. “Preliminary Aerodynamic Design and Load Calculation of a Long-Range eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1331
- Lord, P. 1985. “Development and Usage of a Small-Scale V/STOL Ground Effects Simulator.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-4037. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4037
- Lorenz, Ralph D. 2020. “Triboelectric Charging and Brownout Hazard Evaluation for a Planetary Rotorcraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2837
- Loscutoff, W. V., J. L. Mitchiner, R. A. Roesener, and J. A. Seevers. 1973. Study of Dynamics of X-14B VTOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-138185. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740013548
- Loth, J., J. Fanucci, and S. Roberts. 1974. “Flight Performance of a Circulation Controlled STOL.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-994. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-994
- Lou, Gao, Molong Duan, Yu Liang, and Xiaowen Shan. 2024. “Wind Resistant Transition Trajectory Generation of VTOL Aircraft under Control Allocation Framework.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2489. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2489
- Lou, Jinhao, Longfei Zhao, Ke Li, Xiancheng Zhong, Yaoxing Shang, and Zongxia Jiao. 2025. “Longitudinal Transition Analysis and Control of a Tilt-Body VTOL Aircraft.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2236-8_55
- Loughran, Andrew P., Thomas Jones, Simon Miller, and Julia Cole. 2024. “Design Model Validation for Small UAS VTOL Using Flight Test Data.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2645. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2645
- Louis-Ferdinand, Andre A., Paul Krois, Paul Cobb, Esther Hu, Peng Wei, and Shulu Chen. 2025. “Design and Development of the Vertiport Human-Automation Teaming Toolbox.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2369. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2369
- Louisse, J., and F. Marshall. 1974. “Prediction of Ground Effects for VTOL Aircraft with Twin Lifting Jets.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1167. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1167
- Louma, A. A. 1961. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics at Transonic Speeds of Two V/STOL Airplane Configurations with Skewed and Variable-Sweep Wings. NASA-TM-X-527. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020177
- Lourenco, L., C. Shih, L. Van Dommelen, and A. Krothapaili. 1996. Thrust-Induced Effects on a Pitching-Up Delta Wing Flow Field. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada310244
- Love, Robert D. 2020. “Design of a Compact Vertical Take-Off and Landing Personal Air Vehicle.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2659. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2659
- Love, Robert D. 2022. “Enabling Local Aerial Mobility (LAM): Design of an Ultralight Solar Distributed-Electric-Propulsion Short-Takeoff-and-Landing (STOL) Aircraft Recumbent-Electric-Bike Hybrid.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3208. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3208
- Lovell, Powell M., William R. Bates, and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1951. Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Delta-Wing Vertically Rising Airplane Model in Take-Offs, Landings and Hovering Flight. NACA-RM-L51H13a. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086857
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr. 1953. Flight Tests of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane in a Setup Simulating That Proposed for Captive-Flight Tests in a Hangar, TED No. NACA DE 368. NACA-RM-SL54B16A. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028490
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr. 1954. Flight Tests of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane with the Lower Vertical Tail Removed, TED No.DE 368. NACA-RM-SL54E07. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028502
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr. 1955. Flight Tests of a Delta-Wing Vertically Rising Airplane Model Powered by a Ducted Fan. NACA-RM-L55B17. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930088657
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr., Robert H. Kibry, and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1953. Flight Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane during Constant-Altitude Transitions, TED No. NACA DE 368. NACA-RM-SL53E18. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029472
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr., and Lysle P. Parlett. 1956. Transition-Flight Tests of a Model of a Low-Wing Transport Vertical-Take-off Airplane with Tilting Wing and Propellers. NACA-TN-3745. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084570
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr., and Lysle P. Parlett. 1957a. Effects of Wing Position and Vertical-Tail Configuration on Stability and Control Characteristics of a Jet-Powered Delta-Wing Vertically Rising Airplane Model. NACA-TN-3899. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084763
- Lovell, Powell M., Jr., and Lysle P. Parlett. 1957b. Flight Tests of a Model of a High-Wing Transport Vertical-Take-off Airplane with Tilting Wing and Propellers and with Jet Controls at the Rear of the Fuselage for Pitch and Yaw Control. NACA-TN-3912. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084823
- “Low-Speed Aerodynamics.” 2009. In Flight Physics. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8664-9_3
- “Low-Speed Aerodynamics of the Trailed-Rotor High-Speed Rotorcraft Concept in Cruise Configuration.” 1991. In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3230. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3230
- Lowry, R. B. 1979. “Interface Concerns of Ejector Integration in V/STOL Aircraft.” In NASA. Ames Res. Center Workshop on Thrust Augmenting Ejectors. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800001890
- Lowson, M., and A. Riley. 1994. “Vortex Breakdown Control by Delta Wing Geometry.” In 19th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1994-3487. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3487
- “LP Based Path Planning for Autonomous Landing of an Unmanned Helicopter on a Moving Platform.” 2013. Journal of Unmanned System Technology. https://doi.org/10.21535/c6fhqe39
- Lu, Long. n.d. “Utilization of Differential Thrust for Lateral/Directional Stability of a Commercial Aircraft with a Damaged Vertical Stabilizer.” PhD diss., San Jose State University. https://doi.org/10.31979/etd.4ys8-zqt7
- Lu, Jian. 2016. “A Fault Tolerant, Data Fusion System for Navigation Applications to a Ducted Fan VTOL UAV.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/98
- Lu, Guozheng, Yixi Cai, Nan Chen, Fanze Kong, Yunfan Ren, and Fu Zhang. 2023b. “Trajectory Generation and Tracking Control for Aggressive Tail-Sitter Flights.” International Journal of Robotics Research 43 (3): 241–80. https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649231207655
- Lu, Yang, Guochen Pang, Yang Liu, Ancai Zhang, Jianlong Qiu, and Jinde Cao. 2024. “Composite Quadratic Lyapunov Function Event-Triggered Control of Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Systems with Actuator Saturation.” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 47 (2): 238–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/01423312241239233
- Lu, Ke, Shanyong Zhao, YUjie Ma, Shangjing Wu, and Cheng da Su. 2021. “The Investigation on Flight Quality of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93 (10): 1582–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-03-2021-0071
- Ludeña Cervantes, Tito J., Seong H. Choi, and Byoung S. Kim. 2020. “Flight Control Design Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Fixed-Lag Smoothing Estimation.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 21 (4): 1047–58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-020-00273-8
- Ludin@ Jamaluddin, Hani, Ashraf A. Omar, and Waqar Asrar. 2014. “Numerical Investigation of the Flow over Delta Wing and Reverse Delta Wing.” In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02836-1_7
- Lüdtke Andreas and Javaux Denis. 2012. “Techniques and Tools for Model-Based Analysis of Pilot-Cockpit Interaction.” In Innovation for Sustainable Aviation in a Global Environment. IOS Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-063-5-235
- Lugo Cárdenas, Israel. n.d. “Autonomous Take-off and Landing for a Fixed Wing UAV.” PhD diss., Compiègne. https://doi.org/10.70675/0f0c61a1zcd56z497aza421zf0322a8e005f
- Luidens, R. W., G. E. Turney, and J. Allen. 1981. “Comparison of Two Parallel/series Flow Turbofan Propulsion Concepts for Supersonic V/STOL.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035679
- Lummus, J. 1980. “The Criticality of Engine Exhaust Simulations on VSTOL Model-Measured Ground Effects.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-230. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-230
- Luo, Yangxin, and Zitong Chen. 2026. “Congestion-Aware Vertiport Location for Urban Air Mobility.” In Proceedings of the 2026 7th International Conference on Computer Information and Big Data Applications. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3813822.3813961
- Luoma, A. A. 1961. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics at Transonic Speeds of a V/STOL Airplane Configuration with a Fixed Delta Wing Having Auxiliary Variable-Sweep Outboard Panels. NASA-TM-X-661. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660020176
- Lusardi, Jeff A. 2023. ADS-33 Handling Qualities Requirements in Design. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1186
- Lykyanov, Petro, and Roman Adler. 2023. “Analysis of Prospects for the Use of Hybrid Power Plants in Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Mechanics of Gyroscopic Systems, no. 46: 22–33. https://doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771462023302681
- Lyu, Ximin. n.d. “Developing an Autonomous Quadrotor Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV Platform.” PhD diss., The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012711256603412
- Lyu, Ximin, Haowei Gu, Jinni Zhou, Zexiang Li, Shaojie Shen, and Fu Zhang. 2018c. “Simulation and Flight Experiments of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter Vertical Take-off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Wide Flight Envelope.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 10 (4): 303–17. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829318813633
- Ma, Pengbo, Chenyuan He, Zhouyu Zhang, et al. 2025b. “Machine Vision Based Perception for Vehicle-Mounted Uav Autonomous Landing under Gnss-Denied Environments.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5155188
- Ma, Fei, and Xiaoyu Xiao. 2026. “Vertiport Site Selection for Urban Air Taxis Based on MCLP.” IET Conference Proceedings 2026 (9): 210–16. https://doi.org/10.1049/icp.2026.2965
- Maadani, Mohammad, Juan López Muro, Zacharry Soriano, and Laurent Burlion. 2023. “Control Allocation of over-Actuated Tilt-Rotor Quadcopters with Aerodynamic Interactions.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2243
- Maarouf, N., M. Sellam, M. Grignon, and A. Chpoun. 2009. “Thrust Vectoring through Fluid Injection in an Axisymmetrical Supersonic Nozzle: Theoretical and Computational Study.” In Shock Waves. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-85181-3_56
- Macdonald, Timothy. n.d. “Assessing the Feasibility of VTOL on a UAV Using CFD.” PhD diss., The University of Queensland. https://doi.org/10.14264/efd6583
- MacDougall, George F., Jr. 1947. Investigations of Tumbling Characteristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Northrop N-9M Airplane. NACA-RM-L6L10. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050031170
- Mace, J., P. Smereczniak, G. Krekeler, D. Bowers, and M. Maclean. 1989. “Advanced Thrust Vectoring Nozzles for Supercruise Fighter Aircraft.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2816. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2816
- MacKunis, William, Michael Kaiser, Parag Patre, and Warren Dixon. 2008. “Adaptive Dynamic Inversion for Asymptotic Tracking of an Aircraft Reference Model.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6792
- Maclean, Roderick J. 1991. “The Flowfield around a STOVL Aircraft Model in Ground Effect.” PhD diss., Purdue Univ.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940005042
- MacNeill, Rens, and Dries Verstraete. 2018. “Optimal Propellers for a Small Hybrid Electric Fuel-Cell UAS.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-4981. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4981
- Madeiras, João, Carlos Cardeira, and Paulo Oliveira. 2026. “Robust Full-State Tracking for Vectored-Thrust VehiclesWith Drag Adaptation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7128239
- Magee, J. P. 1983. “The Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft (XV-15) Program.” In American Planning Association Proc. of the Monterey Conf. on Planning for Rotorcraft and Commuter Air Transportation. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830012562
- Magee, J. P., and H. R. Alexander. 1973. V/STOL Tilt Rotor Aircraft Study: Wind Tunnel Tests of a Full Scale Hingeless Prop/rotor Designed for the Boeing Model 222 Tilt Rotor Aircraft. NASA-CR-114664. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740007598
- Magee, J. P., R. D. Clark, and C. A. Widdison. 1975. Conceptual Engineering Design Studies of 1985-Era Commercial VTOL and STOL Transports That Utilize Rotors. NASA-CR-2545. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750019972
- Magee, John, and Robert Taylor. 1971. Wind Tunnel Test of the Conversion Process of a Folding Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Using a Semispan Unpowered Model. Volume 4. Part 2. Blade Stress Analysis, Bench Tests, and Wind Tunnel Model Details. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0735733
- Magee, J., and K. Wernicke. 1979. “XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft: Program Report.” In Atlantic Aeronautical Conference. AIAA 1979-704. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-704
- Maggitti, L. 1965. V/stol Plenum Chamber Combustion Research Study, Phase i Final Report. NASA-CR-63093. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650015373
- Magier, Paskal, and Hachimi Fellouah. 2025. “Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Azimuthal Spacing on the Performance of a Stacked Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0304
- Magness, C., O. Robinson, and D. Rockwell. 1989. “Control of Leading-Edge Vortices on a Delta Wing.” In 2nd Shear Flow Conference. AIAA 1989-999. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-999
- Mahmood, Shahid, Ian A. Griffin, Peter J. Fleming, and Arthur J. Shutler. 2005. “Inverse Model Control of a Three Spool Gas Turbine Engine.” In Volume 1: Turbo Expo 2005. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2005-68772
- Maine, Trindel, Peter Schaefer, John Burken, and Frank Burcham. 1994. “Design Challenges Encountered in a Propulsion-Controlled Aircraft Flight Test Program.” In 30th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-3359. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3359
- Maisel, M., and D. Harris. 1981. “Hover Tests of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft.” In 1st Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1981-2501. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2501
- Makarenko, A. A., A. D. Makarov, A. A. Vlasov, and E. A. Motorin. 2017. “Option of Construction of Automatic Landing System for Unmanned Aircraft with Vertical Takeoff and Landing.” Radio industry, no. 1: 96–103. https://doi.org/10.21778/2413-9599-2017-1-96-103
- Makarov, D. A. 2019. “Simulation of Observer Based Tracking Control for the Longitudinal Dynamics Model of a Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” Mathematics and Mathematical Modeling, no. 6: 72–87. https://doi.org/10.24108/mathm.0618.0000164
- Makeev, Pavel Viacheslavovich. 2026a. “Blade Twist and Disc Loading Effects on the Rotor Aerodynamics in the Vortex Ring State Modes.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 18: e3126. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v18.1440
- Makeev, P. V. 2026b. “Comparative Study of Required Power of Coaxial Rotor and Equivalent Single Rotor at the Hover and Forward Flight Modes.” Civil Aviation High Technologies 29 (2): 121–32. https://doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2026-29-2-121-132
- Makino, Fumiyasu, and Hiroki Nagai. 2014. “Propeller Slipstream Interference with Wing Aerodynamic Characteristics of Mars Airplane at Low Reynolds Number.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0744. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0744
- Malcolm, G. 1978. “New Rotation-Balance Apparatus for Measuring Airplane Spin Aerodynamics in the Wind Tunnel.” In 10th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1978-835. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-835
- Maleki, Alireza, Bilal Ahmed, Surabhi Singh, and Vladimir V. Golubev. 2024. “High-Fidelity Analysis of Unsteady Flow Characteristics around Vertiport Model.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2550. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2550
- Maleki, Alireza, Vladimir V. Golubev, and Reda R. Mankbadi. 2025. “A Numerical Study of Synthetic Turbulence Interaction with Unsteady Vertiport Environment.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0052
- Maleki, Alireza, Vladimir Golubev, Reda R. Mankbadi, and Vadim Voropayev. 2026. “Flow Interaction between Urban Structures and Vertiport Platforms: A Large-Eddy Simulation Study.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0043
- Malik, Bilal, Jehanzeb Masud, and Suhail Akhtar. 2021. “A Review of Experimental Techniques to Predict Aircraft Spin and Recovery Characteristics.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 94 (2): 187–97. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2021-0136
- Mallimoggala, Srinivas, and K. Rama Devi. 2025. “Enhanced Prognostics for Lithium-Ion Batteries in eVTOL Aircraft Using CatBoost and LightGBM Algorithms.” Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18 (2): 147–59. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i2.1804
- Malloy, D., and B. C. Chang. 1998. “Flight Control Law Design Using Dynamic Inversion for Linear Parameter Varying Systems.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 120 (2): 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2802410
- Malpica, Carlos A., and Jeff A. Lusardi. 2013. Analysis of Handling Qualities Design Criteria for Active Inceptor Force-Feel Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada589936
- Malpica, Carlos A., Peter M. Suh, Shannah Withrow-Maser, et al. 2023. “Handling Qualities of Multirotor RPM-Controlled Electric-Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft for Urban Air Mobility (UAM).” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18079
- Malpica, Carlos, Colin R. Theodore, Ben Lawrence, and Chris L. Blanken. 2015. Handling Qualities of Large Rotorcraft in Hover and Low Speed. NASA/TP-2015-216656. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150006816
- Malyar, Andriy, and Yevhen Shcheholskyi. 2026. “A Wind Disturbance Model for Studying Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Control Systems.” Computational Problems of Electrical Engineering 16 (1): 23–31. https://doi.org/10.23939/jcpee2026.01.023
- Manca, Carlotta, Prasanth K. Murari, Kavipiriyan Shanmuganathan, and Sachin Ramesh. 2023. “Aerodynamic Design of Propellers for an EVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2612. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2612
- Mancinelli, ALessandro, Nico Voss, and Ewoud Smeur. 2025. “Fault Tolerant Control in over-Actuated Hybrid Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0317. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0317
- Mandal, Tanmay Kumar. n.d. “Real-Time Monitoring and Prediction of the Pilot Vehicle System (PVS) Closed-Loop Stability.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.6152
- Mangin, Bruno, Amer Chpoun, and Laurent Jacquin. 2006. “Experimental and Numerical Study of the Fluidic Thrust Vectoring of a Two-Dimensional Supersonic Nozzle.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3666. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3666
- Mannan, Fahad, and Mostafa Hassanalian. 2024. “Feasibility for a Solar Powered Autonomous Drone Vertiport System.” In 2024 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2024-86042. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-86042
- Manning, E, Thomas, II, Clifford Ratliff, and Edward Marquart. 1995. “Bridging the Gap between Ground and Flight Tests: Virtual Flight Testing (VFT).” In Aircraft Engineering, Technology, and Operations Congress. AIAA 1995-3875. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3875
- Manoilo, Mykyta. 2025. “Subject Matter Challenges of Unmanned Aircraft with Vertical Takeoff and Landing Function.” In Human and Space. О.М. Makarov National youth aerospace education center. https://doi.org/10.62717/2221-4550-2025-1-097
- Mansell, Michael. 1987. “Applying Vectored Thrust V/STOL Experience in Supersonic Designs.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/872381
- Mansur, Ali, and Eric Lanteigne. 2020. “Altitude Trajectory Control of an Unmanned Airship Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 3. University of Prince Edward Island. Robertson Library. https://doi.org/10.32393/csme.2020.33
- Manuel, Gregory S., Daniel J. DiCarlo, H. Paul Stough, Philip W. Brown, and Robert A. Stuever. 1989. “Investigations of Modifications to Improve the Spin Resistance of a High-Wing, Single-Engine, Light Airplane.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/891039
- Manzoor, Mubashra, Adnan Maqsood, and Ammar Hasan. 2016. “Quadratic Optimal Control of Aerodynamic Vectored UAV at High Angle of Attack.” International Review of Aerospace Engineering (IREASE) 9 (3): 70. https://doi.org/10.15866/irease.v9i3.8119
- Mao, ziyang, chun Shi, and linlin Qin. 2026a. “Coordinated Fault-Tolerant MPC via Disturbance Feedforward and Dynamic Thrust Allocation for Transition Flight of over-Actuated Tilt-Rotor UAM Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7149942
- Marchese, A. J. 1963. X-22A Tri-Service V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0442887
- Marchini, Brian Decimo. n.d. “Adaptive Control Techniques for Transition-to-Hover Flight of Fixed-Wing UAVs.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2013.191
- Marchinski, L. 1974. “Aircraft Structures Designed to Cost.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-962. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-962
- Marchman, J., III, D. Donatelli, and J. Terry. 1983. “Wing Loading on a 60 Degree Delta Wing with Vortex Flaps.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2555. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2555
- Marchman, J., III, and J. Terry. 1983. “The Impact of Strakes on a Vortex-Flapped Delta Wing.” In Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1983-1814. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1814
- Marconi, Frank. 1987. “Flat Plate Delta Wing Separated Flows with Zero Total Pressure Losses.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-38. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-38
- Margason, R. J. 1966. Jet-Induced Effects in Transition Flight. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015330
- Margason, R. J. 1970. Review of Propulsion-Induced Effects on Aerodynamics of Jet V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-5617. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700008938
- Margason, R. J. 1981. “Jet V/STOL Wind-Tunnel Simulation and Groundplane Effects.” In Fluid Dynamics of Jets with Applications to V/STOL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820030438
- Margason, R. J. 1982. “Jet V/STOL Wind-Tunnel Simulation and Groundplane Effects.” In AGARD Fluid Dyn. of Jets with Appl. to V(STOL. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820015291
- Margason, Richard. 2002. “Correlation of STOVL Jet Induced Effects with Examples for Configurations with Supersonic Convergent Jets.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5967. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5967
- Margason, R., and D. Hoad. 1979. “Critical Considerations for Wind-Tunnel Testing V/STOL Aircraft Modelsfor Hover/wingborne Flight Transition.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-332. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-332
- Margason, Richard, and Richard Kuhn. 1988. Application of Empirical and Linear Methods to VSTOL Powered-Lift Aerodynamics. NASA-TM-100048. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880008197
- Margetts, Rebecca, Chris M. Bingham, and Tim Smith. 2015. “NDI-Based Controller for Acheon-Based Thrust Vectoring of Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2468
- Marino, John. 2001. Air Vehicle Technology Modeling and Simulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada404020
- Markofski, Andrew, and Randall Bailey. 1999. “Analysis of Pitch Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies Due to Actuator Rate Limiting.” In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1999-4005. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4005
- Marpu, Ritu, Lakshmi Sankar, T. Alan Egolf, and Nathan S. Hariharan. 2014. “Analysis of a Rotor in Hover Using Hybrid Methodology.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0210
- Marr, R. L., D. G. Ford, and S. W. Ferguson. 1974. Analysis of the Wind Tunnel Test of a Tilt Rotor Power Force Model. NASA-CR-137529. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760011019
- Marr, Roger L., and W. E. B. Roderick. 1974a. “Handling Qualities Evaluation of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 30 - Washington, D.C. 1974. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f30-023
- Marr, Roger L., and W. E. B. Roderick. 1974b. “Handling Qualities Evaluation of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 20 (2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.20.23
- Marr, Roger L., Jane Willis, and G. B. Churchill. 1976. “Flight Control System Development for the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f32-0027
- Marsh, K. R. 1967a. Additional Studies on the Feasibility of V/STOL Concepts for Short-Haul Transport Aircraft. NASA-CR-670/01/. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680001706
- Marsh, K. R. 1967b. Study on the Feasibility of V/STOL Concepts for Short-Haul Transport Aircraft. NASA-CR-670. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670005609
- Marshall, Kayler. n.d. “Considering the Design of Work for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Crew.” PhD diss., University of Queensland Library. https://doi.org/10.14264/d9cfb90
- Marshall, Julius A., Grant I. Carter, and Andrea L’Afflitto. 2022. “Model Reference Adaptive Control for Prescribed Performance and Longitudinal Control of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1380. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1380
- Martin, J. 1963a. “The Aerodynamic Approach to Improve Flying Qualities of Tilt-Wing Aircraft.” In 9th Anglo-American Aeronautical Conference. AIAA 1963-484. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-484
- Martin, J. 1963b. “Investigation of Longitudinal Handling Qualities Requirements and the Development of Piloting Techniques for Tilt-Wing V/STOL Aircraft in Normal and Emergency Conditions.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1016. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1016
- Martin, Justin. 2025. Nonlinear Flight Dynamics of over-Actuated Multi-Lift Rotor eVTOL Aircraft: First Steps. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5290
- Martin, Preston, Mahendra Bhagwat, and J. Leishman. 1999. “Visualization of a Helicopter Rotor Wake in Hover.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3225. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3225
- Martin, C., and S. Hill. 1989. “Prediction of Aircraft Spin Recovery.” In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1989-3363. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3363
- Martinez, Aaron, Joseph I. Milluzzo, Scott Drayton, and Scott Davids. 2019. “Performance Measurements on Rotors Hovering above Moving Surfaces.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14739
- Marubashi, Shinya, and Masafumi Miwa. 2014. “2A2-A03 Flight Control of Thrust Vectoring VTOL Using Twin Ducted fan(Aerial Robot and Mechatronics (2)).” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2014 (0): _2A2-A03_1-_2A2-A03_3. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2014._2a2-a03_1
- Marubashi, Shinya, and Masafumi Miwa. 2015. “2A2-F03 Development of Tail-Sitter Type VTOL Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2015 (0): _2A2-F03_1-_2A2-F03_2. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2015._2a2-f03_1
- Marubashi, Shinya, and Masafumi Miwa. 2016. “815 Attitude Control of Tail-Sitter Type VTOL Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2016.54 (0): _815-1_-_815-2_. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2016.54._815-1_
- Marvakov, Valentin A., and Florian Holzapfel. 2021. “Defining Robust Transition and Re-Transition Procedures for Unmanned Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1634. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1634
- Marzouk, Osama. 2025. “Aerial e-Mobility Perspective: Anticipated Designs and Operational Capabilities of eVTOL Urban Air Mobility (UAM) Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5094975
- Mason, Justin R. 2013. “F-35B Aircraft Performance Model Validation of Short Take-off Flight Test Data.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4245. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4245
- Mason, Mark, and William Crowther. 2004. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring for Low Observable Air Vehicles.” In 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2004-2210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2210
- Mat, Shabudin, I. S. Ishak, Tholudin Mat Lazim, et al. 2014. “Development of Delta Wing Aerodynamics Research in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Low Speed Wind Tunnel.” Advances in Mechanical Engineering 6: 434892. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/434892
- Matamoros, Ismael, and Coen C. de Visser. 2018. “Incremental Nonlinear Control Allocation for a Tailless Aircraft with Innovative Control Effectors.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1116. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1116
- Matesanz, A., A. Velazquez, and M. Rodriquez. 1995. “Performance Analysis of an Axisymmetric Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle by Using the FUNSIF3D Code.” In 31st Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-2743. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2743
- Matheis, Christina, and Victor Norrefeldt. 2026. “Development of a Framework for the Thermal Modeling of an eVTOL.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8964483/v1
- Matsuki, Masakatsu, and Tadao Torisaki. 1967. “Outline of Lift Jet Engine, JR 100H.” Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 70 (581): 918–21. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.70.581_918
- Matsuki, Masakatsu, Tadao Torisaki, Kaneichiro Imai, and Kiyoto Miyazawa. 1971. “Lift Jet Engine, JR100.” In ASME 1971 International Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/71-gt-75
- Matsumoto, Takaaki, Atsushi Konno, Ren Suzuki, Atsushi Oosedo, Kenta Go, and Masaru Uchiyama. 2010a. “1A2-C18 Attitude Transition of Minimum Travel Distance Post-Stall Turnaround for Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2010 (0): _1A2-C18_1-_1A2-C18_4. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2010._1a2-c18_1
- Matsuno, Takashi, Mikimasa Kawaguchi, Gouji Yamada, and Hiromitsu Kawazoe. 2011. “Development of Trielectrode Plasma Actuator and Its Application to Delta Wing Vortex Control.” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3514
- Matsuno, Takashi, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 2000. “Self-Induced Roll Oscillation of 45-Degree Delta Wings.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-655
- Matt, Justin J., and George V. Altamirano. 2025. “System Identification of an Octocopter in Hover Using Full-Harmonic Orthogonal Multisine Inputs.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3886. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3886
- Matthys, Carl G., and E. E. Scroggs. 1984. Technology Impact on Helicopter, Tilt Rotor, and Tilt Fold Rotor Concepts. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f40-1158
- Matveev, Konstantin, Kian Conroy, and Stephen Tibbitts. 2023. “Performance and Rotor-Body Interactions of Novel eVTOL in Moderate-Speed Cruise.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1724. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1724
- Matveev, Konstantin I., and Miles P. Wheeler. 2019. “Simulations of Tubular UAV with Vectored Thrust in near-Hovering Regimes in the Presence of Side Winds.” In Volume 1: Fluid Mechanics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4678
- Maughmer, Mark D., L. Ozoroski, T. Ozoroski, and D. Straussfogel. 1990. Prediction of Forces and Moments for Flight Vehicle Control Effectors. Part 2: An Analysis of Delta Wing Aerodynamic Control Effectiveness in Ground Effect. NASA-CR-186572. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900012419
- Maurya, Shashank K., Inderjit Chopra, and Anubhav Datta. 2022. “Steady and Unsteady Hover Test of a Lift Compounding Rotorcraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0324. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0324
- May, Cameron, and Ephraim Gutmark. 2005. “High Angle of Attack Flight Control of Delta Wings Using Vortex Actuators.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-1232. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1232
- May, Marc S., Daniel Milz, and Sophie F. Armanini. 2026b. “Transition Corridor Estimation for a Tilt-Wing Aircraft \\ with Optimal Control-Based Reachability Analysis.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2068
- May, Marc S., Daniel Milz, and Gertjan Looye. 2022. “Dynamic Modeling and Analysis of Tilt-Wing Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicles.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0263. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0263
- May, Marc S., Daniel Milz, and Gertjan Looye. 2024. “Transition Strategies for Tilt-Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1289
- May, Fred, and Colin A. Widdison. 1971a. STOL High-Lift Design Study. Volume 1. State-of-the-Art Review of STOL Aerodynamic Technology. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0724185
- May, Fred, and Colin A. Widdison. 1971b. STOL High-Lift Design Study. Volume 2. Bibliography. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0724186
- Mayfield, Maggie, Charles Cliff Johnson, and Karen DiMeo. 2026. “Flight Test Evaluation of Visual Dominance during Hover in Degraded Visual Environments.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0200
- Mazzitelli, F. R. 1957. “The Tilt: Wing VTOL Aircraft as a Commercial Air Transport.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/570357
- McArdle, Jack G., and Barbara S. Esker. 1993. “Performance Characteristics of a Variable-Area Vane Nozzle for Vectoring an ASTOVL Exhaust Jet up to 45 Deg.” In SAE. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930017942
- McBreen, Brendan, Jeremy S. Boling, Yan Ren, and Gecheng Zha. 2023. “Control Stability Study of a Tailless High-Speed Tandem-Wing VTOL Vehicle Using CoFlow Jet.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4282. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4282
- McCarthy, Thomas R., and Aditi Chattopadhyay. 1996. “A Coupled Rotor/Wing Optimization Procedure for High Speed Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 41 (4): 360–69. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.41.360
- McCaskill, Allan M. 1953. The Effect of Viscous and Elastic Control System Restraints on Helicopter Hovering Stability and Control. Part 1. Theoretical Analysis. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0015833
- McCormack, James J., and Blair Poteate Jr. 1965. Escape and Recovery Systems for V/STOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-2624
- McCormick, Ralph L. 1969. VTOL Handling Qualities Criteria Study through Moving-Base Simulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0863818
- McCormick, B. W. 1976. “On the Status of V/STOL Flight.” In NASA. Langley Res. Center Advan. in Eng. Sci., Vol. 4. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770003425
- McCormick, B. W., and Joseph Mallen. 1957. “Design Considerations for Tilt-Wing Type VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 2 (3): 49–55. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.2.49
- McCormick, R., W. Morris, and J. Sinacori. 1963. “Moving-Base Simulator Study of an All- Mechanical Control System for VTOL Aircraft.” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1014
- McCormick, B. W., Jr. 1956a. Comparative Study of Various Types of VTOL Transport Aircraft Transition Analysis of the Vertodyne. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0159429
- McCormick, B. W., Jr. 1956b. PROPELLER AERODYNAMICS. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0140228
- McCormick, B. W., Jr., and Joseph Mallen. 1956. “Design Considerations for Tilt Wing Type VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society Western Forum, Dallas, Texas 1956. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_wf_1956-2299
- McDonald, Robert A. 2014. “Electric Propulsion Modeling for Conceptual Aircraft Design.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0536
- McElreath, K. W. 1972. True Airspeed Sensor for V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0755374
- McGee, L. 1977. “Spiral Approach Navigation Concepts for VTOL Aircraft Using a Microwave Landing System.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-603. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-603
- McGee, L., S. Schmidt, and S. Miyashiro. 1978. “Navigation Performance of the Triscan Concept for Shipboard VTOL Aircraft Operations.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1293. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1293
- McGeoch, D. J., E. W. McGookin, and S. S. Houston. 2005. “Sliding Mode Implementation of an Attitude Command Flight Control System for a Helicopter in Hover.” Acta Polytechnica 45 (4). https://doi.org/10.14311/748
- McGregor, D., and R. Smith. 1965. “Handling Qualities Research at the National Aeronautical Establishment, Ottawa, Using Airborne V/STOL Simulators.” In Low-Speed Flight Meeting. AIAA 1965-705. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-705
- McHugh, Frank, and Robert Taylor. 1976. The Reverse-Velocity Rotor: 300 Knots Plus Hover Capability. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1976-4618
- McIntire, W. L., and Donald S. Monson. 1970. “Optimization Study for VTOL Aircraft Powerplants.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f26-031
- McIntosh, Kristoff, Jean-Paul Reddinger, Sandipan Mishra, and Di Zhao. 2020. “Optimal Trajectory Generation for a Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16322
- McIntosh, Kristoff, Jean-Paul Reddinger, Sandipan Mishra, and Di Zhao. 2021. “Optimal Trajectory Generation for Transitioning Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter Using Differential Flatness.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16858
- McIntyre, Walter. 1963. Simulation of Helicopter and V/STOL Aircraft. Volume II. V/STOL Analysis Report. Study, Equations of Motion of Vertical/short Take-off and Landing Operational Flight/weapon System Trainers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0602427
- McInville, Roy M., and Frank G. Moore. 1994. A New Method for Calculating Wing along Aerodynamics to Angle of Attack 180 Deg. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada277965
- McKay, K. 1994. “Summary of an AGARD Workshop on Pilot Induced Oscillation.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3668. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3668
- McKercher, Richard. n.d. “Modelling, Flight Dynamics and Inner-Loop Control of an Urban Air Mobility Vehicle Subject to Empirically-Developed Urban Airflow Disturbances.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2022-14907
- McKernan, J., and R. Nelson. 1983. “An Investigation of the Breakdown of the Leading Edge Vortices on a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2114. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2114
- McKillip, Robert, Daniel A. Wachspress, Jeffrey D. Keller, et al. 2025. Real-Time Control Power Margin and Gust Estimation for Distributed Electric Propulsion (DEP) Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5336
- McKinney, Marion O., Richard E. Kuhn, and J. P. Reeder. 1964. “Aerodynamics and Flying Qualities of Jet V/STOL Airplanes.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640789
- McKinney, Marion O., and Parlett P. Lysle. 1954. Flight Tests of a 0.4-Scale Model of a Stand-on Type of Vertically Rising Aircraft. NACA-RM-L54B16b. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930090534
- McKinney, M. O., and W. A. Newsom. 1962. Experimental Research on 4-Duct Tandem VTOL Aircraft Configurations. No Number:. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620001441
- McKinney, M. O., and W. A. Newsom. 1967. Fan V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TM-X-59739. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680015806
- McKinney, M. O., and W. A. Newsom. 1968. Fan V/STOL Aircraft. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690037576
- McKinney, M. O., Jr., W. A. Newsom Jr., and L. P. Parlett. 1966. An Approach to Efficient Low-Speed Flight for Fan-Powered V/STOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015327
- McKissick, B., B. Ashworth, and R. Parrish. 1983. “An Investigation of Motion Base Cueing and G-Seat Cueing on Pilot Performance in a Simulator.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1983-1084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1084
- McLaughlin, Ryan G. n.d. “Artificial Immune System for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Abnormal Condition Detection and Identification.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.7413
- McLaughlin, Thomas, Michael Robinson, and Marvin Luttges. 1993. “Aerodynamic Foundations for Use of Unsteady Aerodynamic Effects in Flight Control.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-188. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-188
- McLean, D., and M. A. Naseem. 1977. “Simple Sub-Optimal On/Off Flight Controller for a VTOL Aircraft.” Measurement and Control 10 (11): 441–45. https://doi.org/10.1177/002029407701001103
- McLemore, H. C. 1966a. Considerations of Hot-Gas Ingestion for Jet V/STOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015331
- McLemore, H. C. 1966b. Jet-Induced Lift Loss of Jet VTOL CONFIGURATIONS in Hovering Condition. NASA-TN-D-3435. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660018439
- McLemore, H. C., and C. C. Smith Jr. 1968. Hot-Gas Ingestion Investigation of Large-Scale Jet VTOL Fighter-Type Models. NASA-TN-D-4609. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680018805
- McMinn, J., and E. Jackson. 2002. “Autoreturn Function for a Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4673. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4673
- McMuldroch, C. G. 1979. “VTOL Controls for Shipboard Landing.” PhD diss., Massachusetts Inst. of Tech.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790022022
- McNally, B., and Ralph Bach Jr. 1988. “Flight Testing a V/STOL Aircraft to Identify a Full-Envelope Aerodynamic Model.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2134. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2134
- McNeill, Walter, E., William W. Chung, and Michael W. Stortz. 1995. Moving Base Simulation of an Integrated Flight and Propulsion Control System for an Ejector-Augmentor STOVL Aircraft in Hover. NASA-TM-108867. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950024225
- McPherson, R. 1977. “YC-14 Flight Test Results.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1977-1259. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1259
- McRuer, D. 1972. “Development of Pilot-in-the-Loop Analysis.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1972-898. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-898
- McSwain, Robert G., Louis J. Glaab, Colin R. Theodore, Ray D. Rhew, and David D. North. 2017. Greased Lightning (GL-10) Performance Flight Research: Flight Data Report. NASA/TM-2017-219794. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180000765
- Meakin, Robert. 1995. “Unsteady Simulation of the Viscous Flow about a V-22 Rotor and Wing in Hover.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3463. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3463
- Mehta, Manish, Anita Sengupta, Mark Pokora, Leslie Hall, and Nilton Renno. 2010. “Mars Landing Engine Plume Impingement Ground Interaction.” In Earth and Space 2010. American Society of Civil Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1061/41096(366)17
- Mehta, Mohit, and Dhruv Sharma. 2022. “Automated Landing, Take-off and Surveillance by UAV Using Computer Vision.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4002463
- Mello, J., and D. Kotansky. 1985. “Aero/propulsion Technology for STOL and Maneuver.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-4013. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4013
- Mendenhall, M. R., M. F. E. Dillenius, and S. B. Spangler. 1972. “Calculation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of STOL Aircraft with Externally-Blown Jet-Augmented Flaps.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Aerospace Sciences Meeting. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720033287
- Mendenhall, M., and S. Perkins Jr. 1996. “Predicted High-Alpha Aerodynamic Characteristics on Maneuvering Aircraft.” In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2433. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2433
- Mendenhall, M., and S. Perkins Jr. 1999. “Prediction of Post-Stall Aerodynamic Characteristics of Maneuvering Aircraft.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3115. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3115
- Mendonca, Nancy, James Murphy, Michael D. Patterson, Rex Alexander, Gabriela Juarex, and Clint Harper. 2022. “Advanced Air Mobility Vertiport Considerations: A List and Overview.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-4073. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4073
- Merceruio, Zachary J. n.d. “Modeling and Flight Testing of Differential Thrust and Thrust Vectoring on a Small UAV.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.291
- Merhav, S. 1989. “Effects of Biodynamic Coupling on the Human Operator Model.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1989-3518. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3518
- Merheb, Abdel-Razzak. n.d. “Diagnostic and Fault-Tolerant Control Applied to an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” PhD diss., Aix-Marseille. https://doi.org/10.70675/d839efd8zf3aaz49ddz97a4z32f586f8038f
- Merola, Umberto, Serena Russo, and Nunzio Natale. 2024. “Propeller-Wing Interaction: A Simplified Method for Coupling BEM and CFD.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2716 (1): 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2716/1/012005
- Merrick, V. K. 1977. Study of the Application of an Implicit Model-Following Flight Controller to Lift-Fan VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TP-1040. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780008120
- Merrick, V. K. 1981. Simulation Study of Two VTOL Control/display Systems in IMC Approach and Landing. NASA-TM-81295. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810021598
- Merrick, V. K. 1982. A Translational Velocity Command System for VTOL Low Speed Flight. NASA-TM-84215. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820012312
- Merrick, V. K. 1984. Simulation Evaluation of Two VTOL Control/display Systems in IMC Approach and Shipboard Landing. NASA-TM-85996. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850006532
- Merrick, Vernon K., Glenn G. Farris, and Andrejs A. Vanags. 1990. A Head up Display Format for Application to V/STOL Aircraft Approach and Landing. NASA-TM-102216. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900008316
- Merrick, V., and R. Gerdes. 1977. “Design and Evaluation of an Integrated Flight-Control System Conceptfor Manual IFR VTOL Operations.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-601. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-601
- Merrick, V. K., and R. M. Gerdes. 1983. VTOL Controls for Shipboard Operations. SAE PAPER 831428. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840046743
- Messaoui, Aimen Abdelhak, Omar Mechali, Ali Zakaria Messaoui, and Iheb Eddine Smaali. 2023. “Robust Finite-Time Control of a Multirotor System via an Improved Optimized Homogeneous Twisting Control: Design and Validation.” In International Conference on Simulation and Modeling Methodologies, Technologies and Applications. https://doi.org/10.5220/0012086700003546
- Metalis, S. A. 1989. “Unusual Statistics of Heart Period Add to Its Capability as an Index of Pilot Workload.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/892383
- Metcalfe, M. 1985. “On the Modelling of a Fully-Relaxed Propeller Slipstream.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1262. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1262
- “Methods for Drag Determination in Flight.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0161.0168
- “Methods for Improving Longitudinal Stability and Control.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0285.0296
- “Methods for Reducing Data Uncertainty in Flight Test Data.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0019.0028
- Metni, Najib A. 2010. “Sensor Fusion for Attitude and Bias Estimation for a VTOL UAV.” In ASME 2010 10th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis, Volume 5. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/esda2010-24989
- Meyer, R. 1983. “Suggested Changes in Large Aircraft Flying Qualities Criteria.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2071. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2071
- Meyer, G., and L. S. Cicolani. 1975. A Formal Structure for Advanced Automatic Flight-Control Systems. NASA-TN-D-7940. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750015534
- Meyer, R., and E. Husband. 1990. “Large Aircraft Flying Qualities Revisited.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2847. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2847
- Meyer, H., L. Yip, J. Perkins, and R. Vess. 1989. “Experimental Investigation of the High Angle of Attack Characteristics of a High Performance General Aviation Aircraft.” In 7th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1989-2237. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2237
- Meyer-Oehme, Taizo, Kilian Ginnell, David E. Lampl, and Sophie F. Armanini. 2023. “Landing Framework and Control for EVTOL Aircraft in Urban Environments.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1331. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1331
- Meyersburg, R. 1968. “Research Flight Testing in the 80’s.” In Aircraft Design for 1980’s Operations Meeting. AIAA 1968-204. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-204
- Meza, Víctor Gabriel Sánchez, Alberto Luviano-Juárez, Yair Lozano-Hernández, and Jaime González-Sierra. 2024. “Estudio del desarrollo de las aeronaves tilt-rotor.” Científica 28 (2): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.46842/ipn.cien.v28n2a07
- Mhmood, Ali Hassan. 2024. “Design of an Optimized Robust Deadbeat Controller for Roll Motion in Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” Journal of Intelligent Systems and Control 3 (1): 21–32. https://doi.org/10.56578/jisc030102
- Mhmood, Ali H., and Hazem I. Ali. 2021. “Optimal H-Infinity PID Model Reference Controller Design for Roll Control of a Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” Engineering and Technology Journal 39 (4A): 552–64. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.v39i4a.1861
- Miccio, Enrico, Paolo Veneruso, Roberto Opromolla, Giancarmine Fasano, Carlo Tiana, and Giacomo Gentile. 2024. “Vision-Aided Sensing Pipeline with Ai-Based Vertiport Detection for Precision Navigation in Uam Approach and Landing Scenarios.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5059951
- Michaels, Jerome L. 1969. Study and Evaluation of V/Stol Ground-Based Simulation Techniques for the X-22A Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0859290
- Michaelsen, O. 1971. “A Comparison of Outflows from a Helicopter, Tilt Wing and Jet Lift Hovering Aircraft.” In 8th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1971-992. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-992
- Midhat, B. F. 2017. “Optimal LQR Controller Design for Wing Rock Motion Control in Delta Wing Aircraft.” Engineering and Technology Journal 35 (5): 473–78. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.35.5a.6
- Miesner, Sebastian, Ulrich Schäferlein, Manuel Keßler, and Ewald Krämer. 2020. “Investigation of near Ground Effects in Hover Flight for the Multi-Rotor Aircraft Volocopter-2X.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16409
- Migdal, D., W. G. Hill Jr., and R. C. Jenkins. 1979. VTOL in Ground Effect Flows for Closely Spaced Jets. NASA-CR-152321. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010569
- Miguel, Alvaro, Abhinand Ayyaswamy, Bairav Sabarish Sabarish Vishnugopi, and Partha P. Mukherjee. 2025. “Impact of Electrode Heterogeneity on Performance and Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2025-02 (3): 402–402. https://doi.org/10.1149/ma2025-023402mtgabs
- Mihara, Yusuke, and Masaru Nakano. 2021. “Modelling and Simulation of the Impulsive Load in the Emergent Landing of an Urban Air Mobility for Designing a Safe Vertiport.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 69 (3): 98–104. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass.69.98
- Mikhalyov, Semyon, Andrey Dunaevsky, Leonid Teperin, Roman Vasilyev, and Andrey Redkin. 2019. “Effects of Propeller Slipstream of Distributed Electric Propulsion on the Wing-Flap System.” MATEC Web of Conferences 304: 02018. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930402018
- Milam, M. B., R. Franz, J. E. Hauser, and R. M. Murray. 2005. “Receding Horizon Control of Vectored Thrust Flight Experiment.” IEE Proceedings - Control Theory and Applications 152 (3): 340–48. https://doi.org/10.1049/ip-cta:20059031
- Milde, Karl. 2003. “Personal Aircraft™: Safe in VTOL Mode Fuel-Efficient in Ff Mode Mechanically Simple.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000281
- Milde, Karl F., Anthony S. Pruszenski, and Joseph Wagner. 2003. “A Safe and Fuel-Efficient VTOL “Personal Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000059
- Milenković-Babić, Miodrag. 2018. “Propeller Thrust Force Contribution to Airplane Longitudinal Stability.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 90 (9): 1474–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2017-0104
- Miley, S. J., R. M. Howard, and B. J. Holmes. 1985. Propeller Slipstream/wing Boundary Layer Effects at Low Reynolds Numbers. Texas A&M Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860031586
- Miley, S. J., R. M. Howard, and B. J. Holmes. 1986. Wing Laminar Boundary Layer in the Presence of a Propeller Slipstream. Texas A&M Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860064384
- Milillo, J. R. 1972. Post-Stall Testing of Aircraft with a Wind Tunnel Captive System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0751461
- Miller, G. 1969. “New Longitudinal Handling Qualities Data: Carrier Approach.” In AIAA Guidance, Control, and Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1969-897. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-897
- Miller, R. 1982. “Rotor Hovering Performance Using the Method of Fast Free Wake Analysis.” In 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1982-94. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-94
- Miller, E. 1983a. “Performance of a Forward Swept Wing Fighter Utilizing Thrust Vectoring.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2482. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2482
- Miller, Christopher. 2011. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Baseline Control Law: Flight-Test Results for the Full-Scale Advanced Systems Testbed F/A-18 Airplane.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6468. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6468
- Miller, L., and Brenda Gile. 1992. “The Effects of Blowing on Delta Wing Vortices during Dynamic Pitching at High Angles of Attack.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-407. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-407
- Miller, R. J., S. P. Roth, and W. B. Kerr. 1981. “NASA V/STOL Propulsion Control Analysis: Phase I and II Program Status.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820033373
- Miller, D. P., and E. W. Vinje. 1967. Interpretation of Pilot Opinion by Application of Multiloop Models to a VTOL Flight Simulator Task. United Aircraft Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680006464
- Milluzzo, Joseph I., and J. Gordon Leishman. 2010. “Assessment of Rotorcraft Brownout Severity in Terms of Rotor Design Parameters.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 55 (3): 32009–320099. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.55.032009
- Milz, Daniel, Marc S. May, Sophie F. Armanini, and Gertjan Looye. 2026a. “Stability and Robustness of a Tandem Tilt-Wing VTOL with Dynamic Inversion Control Laws.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2070
- Milz, Daniel, Marc S. May, and Gertjan Looye. 2025. “Dynamic Inversion-Based Control Design for Multi-Phase Tandem Tilt-Wing Flight.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2698. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2698
- Min, Byoung-Mun, Min-Jea Tahk, Byoung-Soo Kim, and Hyo-Sang Shin. 2005. “Guidance Law for Automatic Landing of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-6353. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6353
- Min, Byung-Young, and Brian Wake. 2015. “Analysis of a Hovering Rotor Using UT-GENCAS: A Modified Hybrid Navier-Stokes/Free-Wake Method.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1247. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1247
- Min, Byung-Young, Brian E. Wake, and Rohit Jain. 2026. “An Investigation of CFD Predictions for Rotor Hover Performance near Stall Conditions.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1509. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1509
- Mineck, R. E., and R. J. Margason. 1974. Pressure Distribution on a Vectored-Thrust V/STOL Fighter in the Transition-Speed Range. NASA-TM-X-2867. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740010545
- Ming, 蔡鸣 Cai, Sun Xiuxia, Xu Song, Xi Liu, and Ri Liu. 2015. “Vision/INS Integrated Navigation for UAV Autonomous Landing.” Journal of Applied Optics 36 (3): 343–50. https://doi.org/10.5768/jao201536.0301002
- Minor, John, Russell Adelgren, David Warner, and Jason Doster. 2004. “The Development of a Hands-on Unmanned Air Vehicle/Remotely Piloted Vehicle Flight Test and Evaluation Training Course.” In USAF Developmental Test and Evaluation Summit. AIAA 2004-6836. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-6836
- Minsk, L. D. 1970. Some Snow and Ice Properties Affecting VTOL Operation. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-4307
- MirkoviĆ, Bojana, and Matija Sindik. 2024. “Collecting Parameters Relevant for Vertiport Sizing and Capacity from the Literature.” In Conference Proceedings. Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad. https://doi.org/10.24867/symopis-2024-51-082
- Mishra, Aashutosh A., and Imon Chakraborty. 2024a. “Flight Dynamics and Control Integration in Conceptual Design of an Advanced Air Mobility VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4050. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4050
- Mishra, Aashutosh A., and Imon Chakraborty. 2024b. “Integrating Stability and Control Considerations into the Sizing of an Advanced Air Mobility VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2316. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2316
- Mishra, Aashutosh A., Anthony M. Comer, and Imon Chakraborty. 2025. “Integrating Flight Dynamics Constraints into the Conceptual Design of a Vectored Thrust UAM Vehicle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2349. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2349
- Mishra, Bipin Kumar, and Pranav Joshi. 2024. “The Characterization of a Propeller Slipstream at Low Reynolds Number.” In Proceeding of 9th Thermal and Fluids Engineering Conference (TFEC). Begellhouse. https://doi.org/10.1615/tfec2024.tfl.050710
- Mishra, Amardeep, and Nandan Sinha. 2018. “Design of Adaptive Sliding Mode Control for Uncertain Thrust Vectored Airship.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1129. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1129
- Mistree, Farrokh. 1987. “Compromise: An Effective Approach for Conceptual Aircraft Design.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1987-2965. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2965
- Mitchell, A. 1979. “Direct Force Mode Flight Control for a Vectored Lift Fighter.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1744. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1744
- Mitchell, David. 2000. “Identifying the Pilot in Pilot-Induced Oscillations.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-3985. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3985
- Mitchell, Anthony. 2003. “Experimental Data Base Selected for RTO/AVT Numerical and Analytical Validation and Verification: ONERA 70-Deg Delta Wing.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3941. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3941
- Mitchell, David, Bimal Aponso, and David Klyde. 1995. “Feel Systems and Flying Qualities.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3425. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3425
- Mitchell, David G., David B. Doman, David L. Key, David H. Klyde, and David B. Leggett. 2003. The Evolution, Revolution, and Challenges of Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada417898
- Mitchell, D., and R. Hoh. 1982. “Flying Qualities Requirements for Roll CAS Systems.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1356. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1356
- Mitchell, D., and R. Hoh. 1983. “Handling Qualities Criteria for STOL Flight Path Control for Approach and Landing.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2106. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2106
- Mitchell, David, Roger Hoh, Adolph Atencio Jr., and David Key. 1991. “Simulation Evaluation of the Effects of Time Delay and Motion on Rotorcraft Handling Qualities.” In 18th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1991-2892. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2892
- Mitchell, David G., Roger H. Hoh, and J. Murray Morgan. 1987. A Flight Investigation of Helicopter Low-Speed Response Requirements. AIAA PAPER 87-2285. Systems Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870062304
- Mittal, Rajat. 2005. Large-Eddy Simulation of the Tip-Flow of a Rotor in Hover. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada440555
- Mittal, Mayank, Rohit Mohan, Wolfram Burgard, and Abhinav Valada. 2022. “Vision-Based Autonomous UAV Navigation and Landing for Urban Search and Rescue.” In Springer Proceedings in Advanced Robotics. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-95459-8_35
- Miwa, Masafumi. 2021. “Inverted Hovering of Fixed-Wing Aircraft Using Thrust Vectoring.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2021 (0): 1P3-B17. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2021.1p3-b17
- Miwa, Masafumi, and Shinya Maruhashi. 2016. “Attitude Control of Pusher Configuration VTOL Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2016 (0): 1P1-17b6. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2016.1p1-17b6
- Miyaji, Koji, and Tomoyuki Arasawa. 2001. “Studies on High-Lift Devices for a Delta Wing Installed around a Trailing-Edge.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2465
- Miyajima, Katsuytiki. 1969. “Some Considerations on Pilot Rating.” Journal of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 17 (183): 135–42. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1969.17.135
- Miyamoto, Naoyuki, Takateru Urakubo, and Takanori Fukao. 2012. “2A1-H11 Attitude Stabilization of Tiltrotor Aerial Robot in Hover Flight(Aerial Robot and Mechatronics(1)).” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2012 (0): _2A1-H11_1-_2A1-H11_2. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2012._2a1-h11_1
- Mo, Reng, Quan Zhou, Qing Jia, Chao Xia, Huanxia Wei, and Zhigang Yang. 2026b. “On the Aerodynamics of an Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Using Lattice Boltzmann Method.” Physics of Fluids 38 (2): 027134. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0314603
- Mo, Zhihan, Dengji Zhou, and Xun Shen. 2024. “Parametric Analysis of Thermal Cycle of a Short Take-off and Vertical Landing Engine.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 41 (4): 731–39. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2023-0054
- Mobley, Forrest, Jared Carnes, and James G. Coder. 2021. “Modal Decomposition Analysis of Hovering Rotor Wake Breakdown.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0737
- Mockenhaupt, J. 1988. “Cold Flow Tests with Chamber-Bleed Gas Injection Thrust Vector Control.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3334
- “Modeling Gas Turbine Deterioration Due to High Levels of Dust Ingestion.” 1987. In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-144
- Modiano, David, and Earll Murman. 1993. “Adaptive Computations of Flow around a Delta Wing with Vortex Breakdown.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3400. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3400
- Modisette, James, and David Darmofal. 2008. “An Output-Based Adaptive and Higher-Order Method for a Rotor in Hover.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-7343. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7343
- Moeller, E., and O. Rediniotis. 2000. “Hingeless Flow Control over a Delta Wing Planform.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-117. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-117
- Moen, G. C., and K. R. Yenni. 1975. Simulation and Flight Studies of an Approach Profile Indicator for VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-8051. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760004969
- Moennich, Wulf, and Lothar Dalldorff. 1993. “A New Flying Qualities Criterion for Flying Wings.” In Flight Simulation and Technologies. AIAA 1993-3668. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3668
- Moens, F., and P. Gardarein. 2001. “Numerical Simulation of the Propeller/wing Interactions for Transport Aircraft.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2404. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2404
- Mohaghegh, Ali. 2025. “DNN-Based Surrogate Modelling-Based Aircraft Performance: Take off and Landing Distance.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5772903
- Mohammadi, Navid, Morteza Tayefi, and Man Zhu. 2023. “Vertical Take-off and Hover to Cruise Transition for a Hybrid UAV Using Model Predictive Controller and MPC Allocation.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (10): 1642–50. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2023-0090
- Mohammadi, Elham, and Alireza Toloei. 2011. “Analysis of Dual Secondary Injection for Thrust Vectoring.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 83 (4): 213–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022661111138620
- Mohammed, A. R. 2007. “Effect of Airplane Tail Aspect Ratio on Lateral- Directional Stability.” Engineering and Technology Journal 25 (6): 746–56. https://doi.org/10.30684/etj.25.6.5
- Mohankumar, Ben, Cesare A. Hall, and Mark J. Wilson. 2021. “Fan Aerodynamics with a Short Intake at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Turbomachinery 143 (5): 051003. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4050606
- Mohankumar, Ben, Cesare A. Hall, and Mark J. Wilson. 2022. “Sweep Effects on Fan–Intake Aerodynamics at High Angle of Attack.” Journal of Turbomachinery 144 (10): 101001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4054064
- Mohd Ali, Zurriati, Muhammad Izzat Izzudin Jefri, and Zulhilmy Sahwee. 2023. “Design, Build and Fly the Uitm’s Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Aircraft.” Malaysian Journal of Computing 8 (1): 1301–10. https://doi.org/10.24191/mjoc.v8i1.20100
- Mohite, Aniket Bhagwat, and Pankaj P. Awate. 2026. “AERO-UAV: A Rule-Based Expert System for Multirotor Drone.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10027528/v1
- Moller, P. 1985. “The Integration of a New Concept in VTOL Aircraft Propulsion.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1448. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1448
- Molyneux, W. G. 1983. “A Vectored-Thrust Rotor for Helicopter Anti-Torque Applications.” Aeronautical Journal 87 (869): 357–60. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000019801
- Momiyama, T. S. 1977. “NAVTOLAND and Flying Qualities.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011177
- Mondal, Mainak, Stanislav Shidlovskiy, and Dmitriy Shashev. 2020. “Camera Assisted Autonomous UAV Landing.” In Proceedings of the 30th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Machine Vision (GraphiCon 2020). Part 2. https://doi.org/10.51130/graphicon-2020-2-3-82
- Moody, Kylar J., Cole Replogle, and Kurt P. Rouser. 2019. “Design, Characterization, and Integration of a Turboelectric Power System for Small Unmanned Multirotor Aircraft.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4460. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4460
- Mooij, H. A. 1985b. “Status of Handling Quality Criteria.” In Criteria for Low-Speed Longitudinal Handling Qualities. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1193-7_6
- Mooij, H. A. 1985c. “Techniques for Assessment of Handling Qualities.” In Criteria for Low-Speed Longitudinal Handling Qualities. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1193-7_5
- Mooij, H., and M. Van Gool. 1977. “Flight Test of Stick Force Stability in Attitude-Stabilized Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1121. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1121
- Moore, Mark D. 2010. “NASA Puffin Electric Tailsitter VTOL Concept.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20110011311
- Moore, Mark. 2015. Existing VTOL Operators Needs Perspective. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2015_tvf-2664
- Moore, F., L. Devan, and T. Hymer. 1993. “A New Semiempirical Method for Computing Nonlinear Angle-of-Attack Aerodynamics on Wing-Body-Tail Configurations.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-34. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-34
- Moore, William A., Gary E. Erickson, Dale J. Lorincz, and Andrew M. Skow. 1979. “Effects of Forebody, Wing and Wing-Body-LEX Flowfields on High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/791082
- Moore, Logan, and Mostafa Hassanalian. 2025. “Bio-Inspired Capsule and Dynamic Base Design for Sustainable Drone Vertiport.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3268
- Moore, F., and R. Inville. 1995. “A New Method for Calculating Wing Alone Aerodynamics to Angle of Attack 180 Degrees.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-757. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-757
- Moore, F. L., and W. A. Newsom Jr. 1970. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a V/STOL Transport Model with Six Wing-Mounted Lift Fans. NASA-TN-D-5695. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700013800
- Moorhouse, D. 1979. “The History and Future of US Military Flying Qualities Specifications.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-402. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-402
- Moorhouse, David. 1995. “Modelling a Distracted Pilot for Flying Qualities Applications.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3426. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3426
- Moorhouse, David, David Leggett, and Kenneth Feeser. 1989. “Flying Qualities Criteria for Precise Landing of a STOL Fighter.” In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1989-3390. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3390
- Moralez, E., V. K. Merrick, and J. A. Schroeder. 1987. Simulation Evaluation of the Advanced Control Concept for the NASA V/STOL Research Aircraft (VSRA). AIAA PAPER 87-2535. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870063262
- Moralez, Ernesto, George E. Tucker, and Kevin F. Kalinowski. 2006. “In-Flight Validation of a Pilot Rating Scale for Evaluating Failure Transients in Electronic Flight Control Systems.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-060
- Morani, Gianfranco, Luca Garbarino, Nicola Genito, and Gianluigi Di Capua. 2024. “Multivariable Fault Tolerant Control for a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2358
- Moreira, J., and H. Johari. 1995. “Delta Wing Vortex Manipulation Using Pulsed and Steady Blowing during Ramp Pitching.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1817. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1817
- Morelli, Eugene A. 2021. “Determining Aircraft Moments of Inertia from Flight Test Data.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1642
- Morello, S. A., L. H. Person Jr., R. E. Shanks, and R. G. Culpepper. 1972. A Flight Evaluation of a Vectored Thrust Jet V/STOL Airplane during Simulated Instrument Approaches Using the Kestrel (XV-6A) Airplane. NASA-TN-D-6791. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720016362
- Morgado, João, Miguel A. R. Silvestre, and José C. Páscoa. 2016. “A Comparison of Post-Stall Models Extended for Propeller Performance Prediction.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (4): 540–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-07-2014-0119
- Morris, William B. 1962. “All Mechanical Primary Flight Control System for VTOL/STOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/620481
- Morris, James J., and Harold R. Alexander. 1978. “Definition and Analytical Evaluation of a Power Management System for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f34-044
- Morris, C. E. K., R. L. Tomaine, and D. D. Stevens. 1980a. A Flight Investigation of Performance and Loads for a Helicopter with 10-64C Main Rotor Blade Sections. NASA-TM-81871. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800024840
- Morris, C. E. K., Jr., R. L. Tomaine, and D. D. Stevens. 1979. A Flight Investigation of Performance and Loads for a Helicopter with NLR-1T Main-Rotor Blade Sections. NASA-TM-80165. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800001897
- Morris, C. E. K., Jr., R. L. Tomaine, and D. D. Stevens. 1980b. A Flight Investigation of Performance and Loads for a Helicopter with RC-SC2 Main-Rotor Blade Sections. NASA-TM-81898. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810007467
- Morrison, Derek, Mohammad Zahraee, and Gregory Neff. 1997. “Aircraft Landing Gear Simulation and Analysis.” In 1997 Annual Conference Proceedings. ASEE Conferences. https://doi.org/10.18260/1-2–6415
- Morse, A., and H. Newhouse. 1960. VTOL Downwash Impingement Study Surface Erosion Tests. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0248356
- Morse, A., and H. Newhouse. 1961a. VTOL Downwash Impingement Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0264226
- Morse, A., and H. Newhouse. 1961b. VTOL Downwash Impingement Study. Duct Adapter Test Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0253044
- Mort, K. W., and P. F. Yaggy. 1963. Wind-Tunnel Tests of Two VTOL Propellers in Descent. NASA-TN-D-1766. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630003345
- Mortazavi, Mohammad Reza, Kamran Raissi, and Seyed Hamed Hashemi Mehne. 2018. “Pilot Workload Assessment under Different Levels of Autopilot Failure.” Scientia Iranica 0 (0): 0–0. https://doi.org/10.24200/sci.2018.50592.1777
- Mortimer, Patrick, and Jayant Sirohi. 2024. “Experimental Characterization of a Rotor to Dynamic Collective Pitch Inputs in Hover.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-4596101/v1
- Mortimer, Patrick, Daniel Yu, and Jayant Sirohi. 2026. “Extraction of Mean Dynamic Inflow Coefficients from Measurements on a Single Rotor and Coaxial Counter-Rotating Rotor in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 71 (4): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.71.042007
- Morton, Scott. 2003. “High Reynolds Number DES Simulations of Vortex Breakdown over a 70 Degree Delta Wing.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-4217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-4217
- Morton, Scott, Yair Guy, Julie Morrow, and Douglas Blake. 1999. “Numerical Simulation of Periodic Suction and Blowing Control of Vortex Breakdown on a Delta Wing.” In 17th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1999-3195. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3195
- Motyka, Paul R. 1975. The Capability of the T-2 Aircraft as a High Angle-of-Attack in-Flight Simulator. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada025359
- Mourtos, Nikos J., Stephane Couillaud, Dale Carter, Craig Hange, Doug Wardwell, and Richard J. Margason. 1995. Flow Visualization Studies of VTOL Aircraft Models during Hover in Ground Effect. NASA-TM-108860. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19950016249
- Moushegian, Alex M., Daniel A. Wachspress, Marilyn Smith, and Glen R. Whitehouse. 2021. “Hover Performance in Ground Effect Prediction Using a Dual Solver Computational Methodology.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16715
- Mu, Lingxia, Yuan Zhang, Jing Xin, and Youmin Zhang. 2023b. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of a Quadrotor UAV on a Double-Layered Nested Landing Marker.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_290
- Mueller, L. 1964. “Problems Unique to Vtol Automatic Flight Control.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-774. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-774
- Müller, Lars, Dragan Kozulovic, Martin Hepperle, and Rolf Radespiel. 2012. “Installation Effects of a Propeller over a Wing with Internally Blown Flap.” In 30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2012-3335. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-3335
- Müller, Julian, and Dieter Moormann. 2023. “Miniaturization and Control of an Unmanned Tiltwing Aircraft.” Unmanned Systems 12 (03): 599–609. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385024430040
- “Multi-Rotors: A Revolution in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” 2015. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR) 4 (11): 1800–1804. https://doi.org/10.21275/v4i11.nov151540
- Mulyanto, Taufiq, Toto Indriyanto, and Adetya Purba. 2026. “Configuration Analysis on Two-Pad Vertiport Capacity Using Discrete Event Simulation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202603.0043.v1
- Mumford, Tony, Martin Shubert, and David Klyde. 2023. eVTOL Flight Test Council. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1188
- Murakami, Motonao, Hiroyuki Abe, Hikaru Aono, and Hitoshi Ishikawa. 2019. “Effects of Wind Environment on Propeller Performance of Multirotor Drone in Hover.” In Volume 4: Fluid Measurement and Instrumentation; Micro and Nano Fluid Dynamics. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2019-4854
- Muralidharan, Ramal, Sheldon Baron, and Carl Feehrer. 1979. A Decision, Monitoring and Control Model of the Human Operator Applied to an RPV Control Problem. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069880
- Muramatsu, Seiya, Satoshi Okada, and Katsumi Hiraoka. 2005. “Numerical Analysis of Control of Leading-Edge Vortex on Delta Wing with Blowing.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-5088. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5088
- Muraoka, Koji, Noriaki Okada, and Daisuke Kubo. 2009. “Quad Tilt Wing VTOL UAV: Aerodynamic Characteristics and Prototype Flight.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. AIAA 2009-1834. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-1834
- Muraoka, Koji, Takaaki Yokoyama, Nobuhiro Yokoyama, and Masayuki Sato. 2024. “Flight Verification of Automatic Flight and Transition System for Lift/Cruise Thrust Type VTOL Aircraft.” Transactions of the Japan Society for Aeronautical and Space Sciences 67 (5): 285–94. https://doi.org/10.2322/tjsass.67.285
- Murat Koc, Ilker, Semuel Franko, and Can Ozsoy. 2016. “Hovering Stability of a Model Helicopter.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (6): 810–17. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2015-0004
- Murata, Rei, Chihiro Kikumoto, Takateru Urakubo, and Kohtaro Sabe. 2025b. “A Study on Thrust and Pitch Allocation for a VTOL Drone in Hover.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2025 (0): 2A2-J04. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2025.2a2-j04
- Murch, Austin, David Cox, and Kevin Cunningham. 2009. “Software Considerations for Subscale Flight Testing of Experimental Control Laws.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference. AIAA 2009-2054. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-2054
- Murkute, Nikhil, Shubhanshu Gupta, and Amit Abhishek. 2025. “Performance Analysis of Biplane Tailsitter UAV with Added Tail.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0330
- Murman, Scott M., Yehia M. Rizk, and Paul Kutler. 1994. Computational Investigation of an F-18 Aircraft in the High-Alpha Regime. MCAT Inst. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010048685
- Murnieks, Victoria A., Alex Spens, Ross Heidersbach, Dhuree Seth, Matthew McCrink, and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2024a. “Effectiveness of Various Trailing Edge Coanda Actuator Nozzles and Surfaces with a Propeller Slipstream Flow.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0697. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0697
- Murnieks, Victoria A., Alex Spens, Ross Heidersbach, Dhuree Seth, Matthew McCrink, and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2024b. “Wing Trailing Edge Coanda Flow Control; Effect of Actuator Placement Relative to Upstream Propeller Slipstream.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0696. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0696
- Murphy, Patrick C., and Drew Landman. 2015. “Experiment Design for Complex VTOL Aircraft with Distributed Propulsion and Tilt Wing.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2015-0017. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0017
- Murri, D., M. Croom, and L. Nguyen. 1983. “High Angle-of-Attack Flight Dynamics of a Forward-Swept Wing Fighterconfiguration.” In Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1983-1837. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1837
- Murshid, Syed H., Rayan Enaya, and Gregory L. Lovell. 2014. “Concentric Circles Based Simple Optical Landing Aid for Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircrafts.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9202, edited by Alex A. Kazemi, Bernard C. Kress, Edgar A. Mendoza. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2075231
- Murugan, Senthil, and Snigdha Lm. 2023. “Data Driven Modeling of Electric Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Dynamics.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4130
- Muse, Thomas C. 1961. “VTOL AIRCRAFT.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610178
- Muvva, Veera Venkata Ram Murali K., Guoming Li, and Marilyn Wolf. 2022. “Autonomous UAV Landing on a Moving UAV Using Machine Learning.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0789. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0789
- Myatt, James. 1998. “Multiple Time-Scale Effects for a Pitching 65-Deg Delta Wing.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4354. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4354
- Myatt, James, and James Myatt. 1997. “Modeling the Rolling 65-Degree Delta Wing with Critical State Encounters.” In 22nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1997-3646. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3646
- Myers, Lawrence, and Kevin Walsh. 1988. “Performance Improvements of an F-15 Airplane with an Integrated Engine-Flight Control System.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2175. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2175
- Mylapore, Anand Radhakrishnan, and Fredric H. Schmitz. 2015. “An Experimental Investigation of Ground Effect on a Quad Tilt Rotor in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 60 (1): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.60.012002
- Nagabhushan, B., and N. Tomlinson. 1985. “Thrust Vectored Take-off, Landing and Ground Handling of an Airship.” In 6th Lighter-Than-Air Systems Conference. AIAA 1985-877. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-877
- Nagarathna, K., and Girish S. Deodhare. 2023. “Development of Fault Tolerant Flight Control System for Handling Actuator Stuck Faults.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 161–71. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v75i2.2023.58
- Nagy, Christopher J., and Paul W. Kirsten. 1976. Handling Qualities and Stability Derivatives of the X-24B Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb012970
- Nakamura, Takuma, Stephen T. Haviland, Dmitry Bershadsky, and Eric N. Johnson. 2016. “Vision Based Optimal Landing on a Moving Platform.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11570
- Nakamura, Y., Y. Nakajima, and W. Jia. 1993. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Thick Delta Wing.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_26
- Nam, Taewoo, Danielle Soban, and Dimitri Mavris. 2005. “A Generalized Aircraft Sizing Method and Application to Electric Aircraft.” In 3rd International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. AIAA 2005-5574. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5574
- Nangia, Raj. 2009. “X-31 Vector Aircraft, Low Speed Stability & Control, Comparisons of Wind Tunnel Data & Theory (Focus on Linear & Panel Codes).” In 39th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-3898. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3898
- Nangia, R., and M. Palmer. 2001. “‘Channel’ and ‘Arc’ Wing Aerodynamics with Propeller Effects for STOL Application.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-130
- Narain, J. 1983. “,A Transonic Analysis of Propfan Slipstream Effect on a Supercritical Wing.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-186. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-186
- Narayan, Ishan, Dapinder Kaur, Neeraj Battish, and Shashi Poddar. 2026. “UAV-Landing Inclination Dataset: Enabling Inclination-Aware Surface Detection from UAV.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-8472654/v1
- Narayanan, Kamala, Sai Balaji Jai Kumar, and Raghu Nanjundegowda. 2026. “Model Reference Adaptive Control for Wing-Rock Suppression in Delta-Wing Aircraft.” E3S Web of Conferences 692: 02008. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202669202008
- Nardi, L. 1970. “Fighter Flight Control System Design Considerations.” In Fighter Aircraft Conference. AIAA 1970-515. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-515
- Nardi, Flavio, Rolf Rysdyk, and Anthony Calise. 1999. “Neural Network Based Adaptive Control of a Thrust Vectored Ducted Fan.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-3996. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-3996
- Nargi, Ranieri Emanuele, Fabrizio De Gregorio, and Roberto Camussi. 2018. “Four Blades Rotor Model Aerodynamic Characterization and Experimental Investigation of Rotor Wake and Sling Load Interaction.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1110: 012012. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1110/1/012012
- Narkiewicz, Janusz, and Maciej Zasuwa. 2002. “Application of Image Matching Navigation System to Support Approach and Landing of VTOL Vehicle.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f58-00017
- NASA Conference on V/STOL Aircraft: A Compilation of the Papers Presented. 1960. NASA-TM-X-70202. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740076580
- NASA/HAA Advanced Rotorcraft Technology and Tilt Rotor Workshop. Volume 6: Vehicle Configuration Session. 1980. NASA-TM-84180. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820015368
- Naumowicz, Tim, and Brian Smith. 1992. “Hover Performance Validation of an Ejector Configured STOVL Fighter Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4255. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4255
- Nawcad, Ryan C. Paul, and Matthew Rhinehart. 2020. “Exploring Pilot Workload Using Inceptor Time Histories.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16386
- Nawrocki, D. 1995. “Differential and Vectored Trailing Edge Jet Control of Delta Wing Vortices.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-8. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-8
- Nayak, Dev Pradeepkumar, Seungmin Choi, and Muhammad Saif Ullah Khalid. 2026. “Wing-Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions in Small UAVs during Hover and Cruise.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7428368
- Nayebi, Alireza, and Mohammad Taeibi Rahni. 2024. “Computational Investigation of Both Geometric and Fluidic Compressible Turbulent Thrust Vectoring, Using a Coanda Based Nozzle.” Physics of Fluids 36 (9): 095151. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0222070
- Neal, T. P., and Rogers E. Smith. 1970a. An in-Flight Investigation to Develop Control System Design Criteria for Fighter Airplanes. Volume 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0880426
- Neal, T. P., and Rogers E. Smith. 1970b. An in-Flight Investigation to Develop Control System Design Criteria for Fighter Airplanes. Volume 2. Appendices 1 through 5. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0880252
- Neighbor, T., and C. Wiler. 1978. “RPV Flying Qualities Design Criteria.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1271. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1271
- Neiswander, Gregory Mason. n.d. “Improving Rotorcraft Deceleration Guidance for Brownout Landing.” PhD diss., University of Iowa. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.vzxvjttv
- Neiswander, Gregory. 2011. Improving Deceleration Guidance for Rotorcraft Brownout Landing. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f67-000241
- Nelms, W. P. 1984. Assessment of Aerodynamic Performance of V/STOL and STOVL Fighter Aircraft. NASA-TM-85937. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840014468
- Nelms, W. P., and S. B. Anderson. 1984. V/STOL Concepts in the United States: Past, Present, and Future. NASA-TM-85938. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840014464
- Nelms, W. P., and D. A. Durston. 1980. “Preliminary Aerodynamic Characteristics of Several Advanced VSTOL Fighter/attack Aircraft Concepts.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810049787
- Nelms, W. P., and D. A. Durston. 1981. “Concept Definition and Aerodynamic Technology Studies for Single-Engine V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035681
- Nelms, W. P., D. A. Durston, and J. R. Lummus. 1980. Experimental Aerodynamic Characteristics of Two V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft Configurations at Mach Numbers from 0.4 to 1.4. NASA-TM-81234. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810006466
- Nelms, W. P., D. A. Durston, and J. R. Lummus. 1981. Experimental Aerodynamic Characteristics of Two V/STOL Fighter/attack Aircraft Configurations at Mach Numbers from 1.6 to 2.0. NASA-TM-81286. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810021545
- Nelson, Norman. 1956. “The Advantages of the Ducted Propeller in VTOL Aircraft Design.” In Proceedings of the American Helicopter Society Western Forum, Dallas, Texas 1956. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_wf_1956-4470
- Nelson, Norman E. 1959. “The Ducted Fan in VTOL Aircraft Design.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 4 (1): 53–56. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.4.53
- Nelson, Robert. 1988. “Visualization Techniques for Studying High Angle of Attack Separatedvortical Flows.” In 15th Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1988-2025. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2025
- Neogi, Natasha, Mallory Graydon, Jon Holbrook, Jeffrey Maddalon, and Frank McCormick. 2025. “Enabling Novel Collaborative Control Paradigms between Humans and Machines in Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing (eVTOL) Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0359
- Nersisyan, Nerses, Jacob Apkarian, Haykanush Darbinyan, et al. 2026. “Control System Design of a Pitch-Decoupled VTOL UAV Using Reinforcement Learning.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202608.0731.v1
- Nettleton, T. 1965. “Handling Qualities Research in the Development of a Stol Utility Transport Aircraft.” In Low-Speed Flight Meeting. AIAA 1965-713. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-713
- Neufeld, Daniel J. 2021. “Multidisciplinary Aircraft Conceptual Design Optimization Considering Fidelity Uncertainties.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14648304
- “A New Aero-Engine Dynamometer: The New Froude P. Type for Testing Right or Left Hand Engines up to 4,500 H.p.” 1932. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 4 (7): 184–184. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb029572
- “New Delta-Wing Plane.” 1949. Science News-Letter 55 (10): 146. https://doi.org/10.2307/3925821
- Newell, F. 1963. “The Simulation of Airplane Handling Qualities: How Good Must It Be?” In Heterogeneous Combustion Conference. AIAA 1963-1021. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-1021
- Newman, Richard L., and Kevin W. Greeley. 1997. Helmet-Mounted Display Design Guide. NASA/CR-97-206824. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980018292
- Newman, Richard L., and Kevin W. Greeley. 2017. “The Cockpit Design Process.” In Routledge eBooks. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315260037-12
- Newsom, W. A., Jr. 1962a. Flight Investigation of the Longitudinal Stability and Control Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing VTOL Model with a Programmed Flap. NASA-TN-D-1390. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620005161
- Newsom, W. A., Jr. 1962b. Force-Test Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a Four-Propeller Tilt-Wing VTOL Model with a Programed Flap. NASA-TN-D-1389. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620005247
- Newsom, W. A., Jr. 1963. Aerodynamic Characteristics of Four-Duct Tandem Vtol-Aircraft Configurations. NASA-TN-D-1481. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630001970
- Newsom, W. A., Jr. 1967. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Deflected- Slipstream Cruise-Fan V/STOL Aircraft Wing. NASA-TN-D-4262. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680001568
- Newsom, W. A., Jr. 1970. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a V/STOL Transport Model with Four Pod-Mounted Lift Fans. NASA-TN-D-5942. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700024789
- Newsom, W. A., Jr., and E. L. Anglin. 1975. Free-Flight Model Investigation of a Vertical-Attitude VTOL Fighter. NASA-TN-D-8054. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750022036
- Newsom, William A., Jr., and Louis P. Tosti. 1959. Force-Test Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/4-Scale Model of a Tilt-Wing Vertical-Take-Off-and-Landing Aircraft. NASA-MEMO-11-3-58L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228402
- Newsom, W. A., Jr., and L. P. Tosti. 1962. Slipstream Flow around Several Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft Models Operating near the Ground. NASA-TN-D-1382. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620005167
- Newton, David C., Eric T. Greenlee, Theodore C. Mofle, Farzaneh Shahini, Rebecca DiDomenica, and Inchul Choi. 2024. “Use of a Head-Worn Display for Approach and Landing in a Transport Category Aircraft: Does Monocular Viewing Impact Pilot Performance and Workload?” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 68 (1): 47–49. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813241280042
- Newton, Loren J., and Ilan Kroo. 2023. “Model Reference Control for Reducing Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies Due to Aeroelastic Interactions.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3319
- Newton, Loren J., and Ilan Kroo. 2024. “Predicting Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies in Flexible Aircraft Models.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4581. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4581
- Ng, Wanyi, and Anubhav Datta. 2018. “Development of Propulsion System Models for Electric-VTOL Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-1750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1750
- Ng, T., and Gerald Malcolm. 1990. “Effect of Leading Edge Roundness on a Delta Wing in Wing-Rock Motion.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1990-3080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3080
- Ng, T., Gerald Malcolm, and Liane Lewis. 1989. “Flow Visualization Study of Delta Wings in Wing-Rock Motion.” In 7th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1989-2187. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2187
- Ng, Wanyi, Mrinalgouda Patil, and Anubhav Datta. 2019. “Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Architecture for Range Extension of Electric VTOL (eVTOL) Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14490
- Ng, Wanyi, Mrinalgouda Patil, and Anubhav Datta. 2020. “Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Battery Hybrid Architecture for Range Extension of Electric VTOL (eVTOL) Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 66 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.012009
- Ng, T., Tony Skaff, and John Kountz. 1993. “Effect of Leeward Flow Dividers on the Wing Rock of a Delta Wing.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3492. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3492
- Nguyen, Nhan T. 2011. “Hybrid Adaptive Flight Control with Model Inversion Adaptation.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/15208
- Nguyen, Ba, and Thomas Cord. 1999. “Comparison and Analysis of Pilot-Induced Oscillation Characteristics from Flight Test and Ground-Based Simulation.” In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1999-4004. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4004
- Nguyen, Ba, Thomas Cord, Ba Nguyen, and Thomas Cord. 1997. “Concepts for Detecting Pilot-Induced Oscillation Using Manned Simulation.” In Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1997-3730. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-3730
- Nguyen, Nhan T., and Benjamin Webb. 2025. “Analytical Flight Dynamic Model Development for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0657. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0657
- Nguyen, Nhan T., and Juntao Xiong. 2026. “Aeroservoelastic Flight Dynamic Modeling of Multi-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2655
- Nguyen, Nhan T., Junato Xiong, and Benjamin D. Webb. 2023. “Aeroservoelastic Flight Dynamics and Control of Lift Plus Cruise Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing Vehicle in Forward Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18048
- Nguyen, L., L. Yip, and J. Chambers. 1981. “Self-Induced Wing Rock of Slender Delta Wings.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1883. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1883
- Ni, Weizhi. 2024. “Application of LSTM Neural Network Based UAV Attitude Control in Attitude Estimation.” Applied and Computational Engineering 42 (1): 129–39. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/42/20230701
- Ni, James, and T. Lee. 2025. “Investigation of the Surface Pressure and Thrust Generated by a Tilt Distributed Electric Propulsion Wing.” Journal of Fluids Engineering 147 (8): 081201. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067960
- Nial, J. 1972. “Status of U.S. Navy Stall/post-Stall/spin Flight Testing.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-787. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-787
- Nichols, John B. 1960. “Trends in VTOL Aircraft Propulsion System Requirements.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/600265
- Nichols, John B. 1963. “Development of the Tilt-Wing Aircraft.” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 67 (630): 361–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000062783
- Nichols, J., Jr., and R. Englar. 1980. “Advanced Circulation Control Wing System for Navy STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1825. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1825
- Nicholson, Nigel R., Gerard N. Deignan, and Edwin R. Smootz. 1988. Remotely Piloted Vehicle (Aquila) Force Development Test and Experimentation. (FDTE): Army Research Institute Fort Hood Field Unit Evaluation (1987). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada396431
- Nicholson, Robert, and Randall B. Lowry. 1966. XV-4A VTOL Research Aircraft Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0635106
- Nie, Hongyu, Feng Gu, and Yuqing He. 2024. “Hierarchical Gain Scheduling Based Tilt Angle Guided Robust Control during Mode Transition for Tilt-Rotor Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle.” International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 21 (3): 17298806241246334. https://doi.org/10.1177/17298806241246334
- Niemiec, Robert j., Us Army Ccdc AvMC, J. Mark, Farhan S. Gandhi, and Mark B. Tischler. 2020. “System Identification and Handling Qualities Predictions of an eVTOL Urban Air Mobility Aircraft Using Modern Flight Control Methods.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16384
- Niessen, F. R. 1969. Simultaneous Usage of Attitude Control for VTOL Maneuvering Determined by in-Flight Simulation. NASA-TN-D-5342. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690022732
- Niessen, F. R. 1971. “Control Theory Analysis of a Three-Axis VTOL Flight Director.” PhD diss., NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740010563
- Nieuwenhuizen, Frank, Karl Beykirch, Max Mulder, and Heinrich Bülthoff. 2007. “Identification of Pilot Control Behavior in a Roll-Lateral Helicopter Hover Task.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6799
- Niki Maleki, Khashayar, Soroush Karimi, Sara Mohammadi, and Kaveh Ashenayi. 2024. “System Identification and Modeling of a Multirotor UAV: A Comparative Study.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0567. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0567
- Ninomiya, Tetsujiro, and Yoshikazu Miyazawa. 2010. “Neural Network Based Adaptive Control with Hierarchy Structured Dynamic Inversion Applied to Nonlinear Aircraft Model.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2010-7869. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7869
- Nishida, Brian, Ronald Langhi, and Daniel Bencze. 1991. “A Multiblock/multigrid Euler Analysis of a Propfan Transport with Wing-Mounted Nacelles, Including Slipstream Effects.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-706. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-706
- Niwa, S., M. Suzuki, I. Sugiura, J. Kondo, and M. Murakami. 1989. “Development of a Flight Control System for VTOL Aircraft Supported by Ducted Fans.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1989-3592. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3592
- Nocoń, Łukasz Krzysztof, Marta Grzyb, Piotr Szmidt, and Łukasz Marian Nowakowski. 2023. “Innovative thrust vectoring system with moveable jet vanes integrated with a moveable diffuser – Measurement and analysis of selected nozzle performance parameters.” Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences: 148444–148444. https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2023.148444
- North, David D., Ronald C. Busan, and Greg Howland. n.d. “Design and Fabrication of the Langley Aerodrome No. 8: Distributed Electric Propulsion VTOL Testbed.” In AIAA SciTech Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205010035
- Northrop Aircraft INC Hawthorne CA. 1952. Methods of Analysis and Synthesis of Piloted Aircraft Flight Control Systems. Volume 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0024361
- Novak, L. 1970. “A Low Risk Approach to Development of a Quiet V/STOL Transport Aircraft.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1409. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1409
- “A Novel Sliding Mode Controller for Underactuated Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” 2020. International Journal of Circuits Systems and Signal Processing 14. https://doi.org/10.46300/9106.2020.14.6
- “Numerical Investigation of the Flow over a Double Delta Wing at Highincidence.” 1991. In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-753. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-753
- Nunes, Jessica S. M., Weihua Su, and Tianyi He. 2025b. “Nonlinear Model Predictive Control of Urban Air Mobility Aircraft with Gust Disturbance.” Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 20 (7): 071001. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4068426
- Nunes, Jessica, Weihua Su, and Tianyi He. 2025c. “Vibration Suppression and Trajectory Tracking with Nonlinear Model Predictive Control for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 147 (4): 041010. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067770
- O’Brien, Nathan, and Xavier Delgado. 2024. “40th Student Design Competition Graduate Winner: UMD Arion High-Speed Vertical Takeoff and Landing (HSVTOL) Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 80th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1410
- O’Bryan, Thomas C. 1961. An Investigation of the Effect of Downwash from a VTOL Aircraft and a Helicopter in the Ground Environment. NASA-TN-D-977. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040008178
- O’hara, F. 1971. “Stability Augmentation in Aircraft Design.” Aeronautical Journal 75 (724): 293–304. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000045358
- O’Mallei, James A. 1957. “Latest Developments in VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/570124
- O’Malley, A. James. 1959. “Jet Lift VTOL.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 4 (1): 20–25. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.4.20
- O’Malley, A. James, and Lee C. Landphair. 1958. “The X-14 VTOL Airplane: A Design Tool.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/580072
- O’Rourke, Matthew, and John Rutherford. 1991. “Methods to Determine Limits to Tiltwing Conversion.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3143
- Obermark, Jeff. 2004. Verification of Simulation Results Using Scale Model Flight Test Trajectories. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada422954
- Obertino, Daniele, Phillip Sharikov, Jay Matlock, and Afzal Suleman. 2023. “Design Considerations for Hybrid-Electric Propulsion Systems for FW-VTOL Aircraft.” In Sustainable Aviation. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32639-4_2
- Obryan, T. C. 1960. Considerations of the Effect of VTOL Downwash on the Ground Environment. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004827
- Oertel, Carl-Henrik. 1995. “Square Tracking Sensor for Autonomous Helicopter Hover Stabilization.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2463, edited by Jacques G. Verly. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.212732
- Oertel, Carl-Henrik. 1997. “Computer Vision Sensor for Autonomous Helicopter Hover Stabilization.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3088, edited by Jacques G. Verly. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.277229
- Oganyan, Igor, and Vasyl Loginov. 2025. “Kinematic Design and Control Analysis of a Subsonic Ejector Nozzle with Omni-Directional Thrust Vectoring for Afterburning Turbofan Engines.” Transactions On Aerospace Research 2025 (4): 45–68. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2025-0018
- Ogburn, Marilyn E., John V. Foster, Joseph W. Pahle, R. Joe Wilson, and James B. Lackey. 1992. Status of the Validation of High-Angle-Of-Attack Nose-Down Pitch Control Margin Design Guidelines. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040121214
- Ogden, Wesley R. 2023. US Army eVTOL Qualitative Evaluation. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1198
- Oh, Seok-Jung, Hyeok Jin Son, Jaeheon Jeong, Jae-Sang Park, and Myeong-Kyu Lee. 2026. “Performance, Vibration, and BVI Noise Analyses of eVTOL Tiltrotor with Sweepback Angles.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 54 (4): 421–30. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2026.54.4.421
- Oh, S., and D. Tavella. 1986. “Analytical Observations on the Aerodynamics of a Delta Wing with Leading Edge Flaps.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1790. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1790
- Okawa, Masaki, Ren Nishimura, Tsubasa Ikami, and Hiroki Nagai. 2023. “Unsteady Interference between Propeller Slipstream and Flow Field around NACA0012 under Low Reynolds Number Condition.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2293. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2293
- Okpara, Ekene Darlington. 2025. Development of a High Efficiency eVTOL UAV for Urban and Remote Delivery. https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.r38emwu0
- Okpara, Ekene Darlington. 2026. Development of a High Efficiency eVTOL UAV for Urban and Remote Delivery. https://doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.qom7abvt
- Okumoto, Victor H., and William K. Elsanker. 1973. STOL Tactical Aircraft Investigation, Externally Blown Flap. Volume 5. Part 3. Stability and Control Derivative Accuracy Requirements and Effects of Augmentation System Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0767182
- Olcott, Dennis D. 2016. “Tri-Fan VTOL Conceptual Design.” In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA 2016-3610. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3610
- Olejnik, Aleksander, Stanisław Kachel, Robert Rogólski, and Jarosław Milczarczyk. 2019. “The Concept and Methodical Assumptions for the Development of Dynamically Scaled Aircraft Model (Passenger Aircraft).” MATEC Web of Conferences 304: 02010. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930402010
- Olejnik, Aleksander, Stanisław Kachel, Robert Rogólski, and Jarosław Milczarczyk. 2020. “Conception of Developing the Dynamically Similar Downscaled Medium-Range Passenger Airplane Model for in-Flight Testing.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 235 (1): 104–16. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410020934301
- Oliva, Alvaro. 2000. “Actuator and Sensor Failure Effects on Flying Qualities.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-4038. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4038
- Oliver, James H. 2012. Virtual Teleoperation for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada561658
- Olson, Lawrence. 1992. “Future Experimental Needs in Low-Speed Aerodynamics.” In 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-157. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-157
- Olson, Ryan T. 2015. “Flight Test Evaluation of Pilot Control Interfaces for Remotely Piloted Vehicles.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2015-2397. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2397
- Olstad, W. B. 1960. Effects of Vertical-Tail Size and a Ventral Fin on the Static Lateral and Directional Stability Derivatives of a 0.048-Scale Model of a Horizontal-Attitude VTOL Airplane at Transonic Speeds. NASA-TM-X-35. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660010786
- Olszanecki Barth, Jacson Miguel. n.d. “Model-Free Control Algorithms for Tail-Sitter Micro Air Vehicles.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/e96f2bc9z5f2cz47cdzaa0dz0691d57317f5
- Omair Alhatim. 2026. “Computational Fluid Dynamics Approaches for Aero-Propulsive and Thermal Analysis of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” Journal of Intelligent Decision Making and Information Science 3 (3s): 908–27. https://doi.org/10.59543/jidmis.v3.852
- Omar, M., and B. Lampkin. 1977. “Tenth-Scale Powered Model Test of a Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Airplane.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-594. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-594
- Omorodion, Jeffery. 2023. “Evolution of Navigation Displays for Urban Air Mobility Vehicles.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/23329106
- Ong, Shaw, Daniel Yeo, and Andy Gui. 1998. “Aircraft Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Model Validation through Flight Test.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4535
- “Optimization and Piloted Simulation Evaluation of Full Flight-Envelope Longitudinal Control Laws for a Business Jet.” 2017. In Practical Methods for Aircraft and Rotorcraft Flight Control Design: An Optimization-Based Approach. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624104435.0501.0564
- Ormiston, R. A. 1972. Experimental Investigation of Stability and Stall Flutter of a Free-Floating Wing V/STOL Model. NASA-TN-D-6831. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720018348
- Ortamevzi, Gurkan. 2025. “Еffects of Gyroscopic Forces on the Aircraft Engine Mount in Case of Acrobatic Movements.” Mechanics of Gyroscopic Systems, no. 50: 110–20. https://doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771502025347474
- Ossyra, Stanley, Hetkumar Ghadia, Alex Walsh, and Subodh Bhandari. 2025. “Design, Analysis, and Flight-Testing of a Tandem-Wing e-VTOL UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2009. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2009
- Osterman, L., and W. Mulley. 1977. “Advanced Integrated Display System /AIDS/ for V/STOL Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-600. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-600
- Ostermann, T. 2016. “Flight Control System of a Tiltwing UAV.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11581
- Ostheimer, A. J., and R. G. Giguere. 1963. Design and Development of a Flight Path Control System for Helicopters/ VTOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0402379
- Ostroukhov, N. N., and E. V. Chumakova. 2019. “Vertical Take-off Devices with Jet-Vortex Lift Generators.” World of Transport and Transportation 17 (1): 46–57. https://doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2019-17-1-46-57
- Otaka, Saimon, Aatsushi Tate, and Takashi Yoshinaga. 2001. “Wing Rock of Double Delta Wings.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4078. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4078
- Otis, J. H., Jr. 1962. Induced Interference Effects on a Four-Jet VTOL Configuration with Various Wing Planforms in the Transition Speed Range. NASA-TN-D-1400. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620005319
- Ouellette, Jeffrey A., Mayuresh Patil, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2014. “Flight Testing of a Subscale Aeroservoelastic Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2014-0032. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0032
- Overall, B. W. 1976. Evaluation of an Airjet Distortion Generator Used to Produce Steady- State, Total-Pressure Distortion at the Inlet of Turbine Engines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada033883
- Overfield, Jerome L., and Horace R. Crawford. 1967. Investigation of Hydraulic Power Transmission Systems for V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0661311
- Overmeyer, Austin, and Preston Martin. 2017a. “The Effect of Laminar Flow on Rotor Hover Performance.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 73rd Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12014
- Overmeyer, Austin D., and Preston B. Martin. 2017b. “Measured Boundary Layer Transition and Rotor Hover Performance at Model Scale.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-1872. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1872
- Oyama, Yukei, Mohsen Rostami, and Joon Chung. 2024. “Conceptual Design and Analysis of a Box Fan-in-Split-Wing Tiltrotor eVTOL Aircraft.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 96 (9): 1139–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-06-2023-0167
- Öznalbant, Zafer, and Mehmet S. Kavsaoglu. 2015. “Design and Flight Test Study of a VTOL UAV.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1903. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1903
- Öznalbant, Zafer, and Mehmet Ş. Kavsaoğlu. 2018. “Flight Control and Flight Experiments of a Tilt-Propeller VTOL UAV.” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40 (8): 2454–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/0142331218754618
- Öznalbant, Zafer, Mehmet Serif Kavsaoğlu, and Mustafa Cavcar. 2016. “Design, Flight Mechanics and Flight Demonstration of a Tiltable Propeller VTOL UAV.” In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA 2016-3446. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3446
- Pachter, M., P. Chandler, E. Nelson, and S. Rasmussen. 1999. “Parameter Estimation for over-Actuated Aircraft with Nonlinear Aerodynamics.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-4046. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4046
- Pacini, Bernardo, Malhar Prajapati, Karthikeyan Duraisamy, Joaquim R. Martins, and Ping He. 2023. “Understanding Distributed Propulsion on the NASA Tiltwing Concept Vehicle with Aerodynamic Shape Optimization.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0143. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0143
- Padfield, G. D., and L. Lu. 2022. “The Potential Impact of Adverse Aircraft-Pilot Couplings on the Safety of Tilt-Rotor Operations.” Aeronautical Journal 126 (1304): 1617–47. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2022.20
- Paek, Seung-Kil. 2025. “Development and Application of the Lift-Tilt Type eVTOL Sizing Tool, evtolAD.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 53 (1): 91–104. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2025.53.1.91
- Paek, Seung-Kil, Sanghyun Chae, and Hee Jung Kang. 2021. “Development of Mission Analysis Tool for eVTOL Aircrafts of Lift-Tilt Concept.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 49 (10): 859–70. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2021.49.10.859
- Page, V. R., and T. N. Aiken. 1971. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Propeller-Driven Deflected Slipstream STOL Model in Ground Effect. NASA-TM-X-2313. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710026960
- Page, Mark, and Darrell Gillette. 1994. “Mission-Specific Flying Qualities Criteria.” In 19th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1994-3491. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3491
- Page, Gary, Qinling Li, and James McGuirk. 2005. “LES of Impinging Jet Flows Relevant to Vertical Landing Aircraft.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-5226. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5226
- Paglino, Vicent M., and Edward A. Beno. 1971. Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Investigation of the Advancing Blade Concept Rotor System. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0734338
- Painter, W., and R. Erickson. 1984. “Rotor Systems Research Aircraft Airplane Configuration Flight-Test Results.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2465
- Palko, R. L. 1973. Experimental Verification of a Technique for Testing Full-Scale Inlet/ Engine Systems at Angles of Attack up to 20 Deg at Transonic Speeds. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0769307
- Pamadi, Bandu, Dhanvada Rao, and T. Niranjana. 1994. “Wing Rock and Roll Attractor of Delta Wings at High Angles of Attack.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-807. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-807
- Pamadi, B., and L. Taylor Jr. 1982. “An Estimation of Aerodynamic Forces and Moments on an Airplane Modelunder Steady State Spin Conditions.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1311. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1311
- Pan, Lijun, Kun Mao, Jun Liu, et al. 2026. “Development and Flight Testing of Scaled Flight Demonstrators.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3207 (1): 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3207/1/012030
- Panayotov, Hristian, and Martin Zikyamov. 2026. “Common-Form Statistical Relations for Conceptual Sizing of Electric and Hybrid VTOL Unmanned Aircraft.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-10915692/v1
- Pandya, Shishir, Scott Murman, and Sankaran Venkateswaran. 2003. “Unsteady Computations of a Jet in Crossflow with Ground Effect.” In 33rd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-3890. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3890
- Pang, Shuwei, Xueting Fu, Qiuhong Li, and Wenxiang Zhou. 2024. “Multi-Nozzle Thrust Matching Control of STOVL Engine.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines 42 (2): 355–66. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2024-0054
- Panish, Leo, and Marko Bacic. 2022. “Transition Trajectory Optimization for a Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft with Leading-Edge Fluid Injection Active Flow Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1082
- Panish, Leo, and Marko Bacic. 2023. “A Generalized Full-Envelope Outer-Loop Feedback Linearization Control Strategy for Transition VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4511. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4511
- Panish, Leo, Chris Nicholls, and Marko Bacic. 2023. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control of a Tiltwing VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1910. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1910
- Pantel, Hugues. n.d. “Steady and Unsteady Body-Force Modeling of Propeller Aerodynamics.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/0c31fd80zd4e5z4dc5zaf17zc06a3e28cb48
- Papa, Regina, and Janice Stoliker. 1988. “Pilot Workload Assessment: A Flight Test Approach.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2105
- Papadakis, Michael, David Phillis, and Xiaoxian Liu. 1992. “Experimental and Numerical Delta Wing Study at High Angles of Attackand Sideslip.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2713. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2713
- Papadales Jr. and Basil S. 1979. The Performance of a Conceptual Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Fighter Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada073100
- Papadopoulos, George, Daniel Bivolaru, and Spencer Siu. 2023. “Sensor System Maturation for Gas Turbine Engine Particulate Ingestion Monitoring.” In Volume 4: Controls, Diagnostics, and Instrumentation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2023-105793
- Papathakis, Kurt VonderHaar. n.d. “Inlet Shape Considerations for Split-Wing Electric Distributed Propulsion.” PhD diss., California Polytechnic State University. https://doi.org/10.15368/theses.2015.49
- Papathakis, Kurt V., Philip A. Burkhardt, David W. Ehmann, and Alaric M. Sessions. 2017. “Safety Considerations for Electric, Hybrid-Electric, and Turbo-Electric Distributed Propulsion Aircraft Testbeds.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-5032. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-5032
- Parasuraman, Indhumathi, Satadal Ghosh, Akash Kumar, and Seema Chopra. 2026. “A Novel Vision-Based Pose Estimation Framework for Autonomous Landing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4421
- Paris, Aleix, Andrea Tagliabue, and Jonathan P. How. 2021. “Autonomous MAV Landing on a Moving Platform with Estimation of Unknown Turbulent Wind Conditions.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0378. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0378
- Parizeau, Steven, William MacArthur, and Subodh Bhandari. 2023. “Design, Modeling, Simulation, and Flight Testing of a Custom-Built Tail-Sitter UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1144. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1144
- Park, Junhwi, Jaehyun Cho, Inyoung Lee, and Kwanjung Yee. 2026. “Development of Fuel Cell System Design Method for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4686. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4686
- Park, Minjun, Jou-Young Jason Choi, and Se-Hwan Park. 2022a. “Battery Sensitivity Analysis on Initial Sizing of eVTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 50 (12): 819–28. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2022.50.12.819
- Park, Junhwi, Taemin Jeong, and Kwanjung Yee. 2024b. “Development of Air-Cooled Battery Sizing Method for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-3699. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3699
- Park, Byeong Tak, Hyeonmi Kim, and Sang Hyun Kim. 2022d. “Vertiport Performance Analysis for on-Demand Urban Air Mobility Operation in Seoul Metropolitan Area.” International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences 23 (5): 1065–78. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42405-022-00505-z
- Park, Junhwi, Donguk Lee, and Kwanjung Yee. 2022b. “Development of Fuel Cell/Battery Hybrid System Sizing Methodology for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3514. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3514
- Park, Minjun, and Se Hwan Park. 2025. “Initial Sizing Methodology for a Hydrogen Fuel Cell–Battery Hybrid Powerplant System for Long-Range Electrical Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5420616
- Park, Chanhong, Alex Ramirez-Serrano, and Mahdis Bisheban. 2025a. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Aerial Manipulators with Swift Arm Motions.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1809. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1809
- Park, Junhwi, and Kwanjung Yee. 2025. “Development of Liquid-Cooled Battery System Sizing Method for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0222. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0222
- Park, Junhwi, and Kwanjung Yee. 2026. “Liquid-Cooled Battery System Design Method for eVTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 71 (2): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.71.022008
- Parker, J. 1986. “Mission Requirements and Aircraft Sizing.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2622. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2622
- Parker, Mohamed Zahier, and Jacobus Adriaan Albertus Engelbrecht. 2022. “Precise Automated Landing of a Fixed-Wing Aircraft onto a Moving Platform.” MATEC Web of Conferences 370: 05007. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202237005007
- Parker Jr. and R. L. F. L. Heltsley. 1972. Simulation of a High Disc Loading Free Propeller in a Cross Flow by the Vortex-Lattice Method. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0751463
- Parlett, Lysle P. 1961a. Stability and Control Characteristics of a Model of an Aerial Vehicle Supported by Four Ducted Fans. NASA-TN-D-937. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227758
- Parlett, Lysle P. 1961b. Stability and Control Characteristics of a Small-Scale Model of an Aerial Vehicle Supported by Two Ducted Fans. NASA-TN-D-920. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227999
- Parlett, L. P. 1974. Free-Flight Wind Tunnel Investigation of a Four-Engine Sweptwing Upper-Surface Blown Transport Configuration. NASA-TM-X-71932. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740012543
- Parrish, Russell V., and Steven P. Williams. 1990. Stereopsis Cueing Effects on Hover-in-Turbulence Performance in a Simulated Rotorcraft. NASA-TP-2980. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900011688
- Parvaz Afraz Hava Sanat, Iran, Bahram Soltanmohmmad, and Ruxandra Mihaela Botez. 2023. “Control Moment Coefficient Methodology Validation for eVTOL Sizing.” Romanian Journal of Technical Sciences - Applied Mechanics 68 (2–3): 161–81. https://doi.org/10.59277/rjts-am.2023.2-3.05
- Parwani, Ashwin, and James G. Coder. 2018. “Effect of Laminar-Turbulent Transition Modeling on PSP Rotor Hover Predictions.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-0308. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0308
- Pastorelli, S. 2013. Study of the Configuration Space of a Mechanism for a Thrust Vectoring Nozzle. https://doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-7744-9_051
- Pasupuleti, Pavan Kumar, K. Srichaitanya, and Rajesh Ranjan. 2025. “Comparative Evaluation of Propeller Modeling Approaches for Efficient Simulations of Wing–Propeller Interaction.” Journal of Aerospace Sciences and Technologies: 312–24. https://doi.org/10.61653/joast.v77i4.2025.1113
- Patel, Rushabh, Brian Le Floch, Eric N. Johnson, and Jacob Crouse. 2021. “GPC-Based Deck Motion Estimation for Autonomous Ship Deck Landing of an Unmanned Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1814. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1814
- Patierno, John, and Haig Asdurian. 1965. “Impact of Control Provisions on Mission Performance of Jet VTOL Aircraft Using Reaction Control Systems.” In Proceedings of the 1st National Symposium on V/STOL Aircraft, Subsystem Design and Testing and Operation - Ohio 1965. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-3112
- Patil, Akshay, and Clara García-Sánchez. 2025. “Impact of Varying Geometric Levels of Detail in Multi-Direction Urban Rans Simulations Tailored for Urban Air-Mobility.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5122636
- Patil, A., and J. Navrátil. 2024. “CFD Analysis of Wing-Propeller Interaction on the NASA X-57 Maxwell Aircraft Wing.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2716 (1): 012002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2716/1/012002
- Patten, William. 1988. “Near Optimal Feedback Control for Nonlinear Aerodynamic Systems Withan Application to the High-Angle-of-Attack Wing Rock Problem.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4052. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4052
- Patton, James M. 1972. “A Pilot’s Opinion: VTOL Control Design Requirements for the Instrument Approach Task.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f28-026
- Paul, Ryan, and Ashok Gopalarathnam. 2012. “Simulation of Flight Dynamics with an Improved Post-Stall Aerodynamics Model.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4956. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4956
- Pauli, F. 1964. “A System to Vary the Stability and Control of a Deflected-Jet, Fixed-Wing Vtol Aircraft.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-194. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-194
- Pauli, F. A. 1969. Attitude Controls for VTOL Aircraft Patent. Patent Number: NASA-CASE-XAC-08972. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710011095
- Pauli, F. A. 1971. Attitude Controls for VTOL Aircraft. XAC-8972. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710000201
- Pauli, F. A., L. D. Corliss, S. D. Selan, R. M. Gerdes, and T. D. Gossett. 1974. The Use of an Aircraft Test Stand for VTOL Handling Qualities Studies. NASA-TM-X-62218. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020624
- Pauli, F. A., J. R. Rogers, and T. G. Sharpe. 1970. A Reaction Attitude Control System for Jet VTOL Research Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-5715. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700011420
- Paulk, C., Jr., and A. Phatak. 1984. “Evaluation of a Real-Time Predictive Guidance Law for Landing VTOL Aircraft at Sea.” In Digital Avionics Systems Conference. AIAA 1984-2673. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2673
- Paulson, R., E. Price, J. Hodor, and J. Barney. 1977. “Infrared Landing System for a Mini Remotely-Piloted Vehicle.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 0124, edited by Irving J. Spiro. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.955862
- Paulson, John W., and Robert E. Shanks. 1961. Investigation of the Low-Subsonic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Free-Flying Model of a Thick 70 Deg Delta Reentry Configuration. NASA-TN-D-913. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227997
- Pavel, Marilena D., Perumal Shanthakumaran, Q. P. Chu, Olaf Stroosma, Mike Wolfe, and Harm Cazemier. 2020. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for the Apache AH-64 Helicopter Control.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 65 (2): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.65.022006
- Pavlov, V. V. 2016. “A Mathematical Model of Transforming the Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft with a Disk Wing at Maneuvering (on a Deck).” Russian Aeronautics 59 (4): 507–16. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068799816040115
- Paw, Yew Chai. n.d. “System Identification and Control System Design for a Model Helicopter in Hover.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/47095
- Payne III and Henry E. 1961. Study of V/STOL Aerodynamic Static Test Facilities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0268469
- Pedrioli, Andrea, Pierluigi Capone, Marcello Righi, Elena Garcia-Sanchez, Laurent Pinsard, and Joana Vieira Gomes. 2024. “MODEL-SI: Modeling and Simulation: Multi-Fidelity Surrogate Model of an eVTOL for Certification.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1624. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1624
- Pegg, Robert J. 1962. Summary of Flight-Test Results of the VZ-2 Tilt-Wing Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-989. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227196
- Pei, Jing, Jared A. Grauer, Jason Welstead, Luke J. Miller, and Han Woong Bae. 2023. “Feasibility Study of a Multi Tilt-Rotor Aircraft as the Artemis Lunar Training Vehicle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1908. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1908
- Pei, Jing, and Carlos Roithmayr. 2022. “Equations of Motion for a Generic Multibody Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3511. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3511
- Peisen, Deborah J., and Samuel W. Ferguson. 1996. “Vertiport Design Characteristics for Advanced Rotorcraft Technology.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/965521
- Pelletier, Michel, and Richard Giroux. 2000. “On-Line Trajectory Generation for Autonomous VTOL-UAV Maneuvers.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-4168. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4168
- Pelletier, Alain, and Robert Nelson. 1994. “An Experimental Study of Static and Dynamic Vortex Breakdown on Slender Delta Wing Planforms.” In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1879. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1879
- Peng, Kemao, Kai Yew Lum, Eng Kee Poh, and Dong Li. 2008. “Flight Control Design Using Hierarchical Dynamic Inversion and Quasi-Steady States.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6491. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6491
- Peng, Jiahan, and Kewei Xia. 2025. “A Deep Learning Neural Network Control Approach for Quadrotor UAV Landing on a Moving Platform.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2200-9_47
- Penrose, C. J., and Andrew Smith. 1996. “Hot Gas Ingestion Control from an Engine Viewpoint.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/962280
- Pepitone, David D., Robert Jay Shively, and Michael R. Bortolussi. 1987. “Pilot Workload Prediction.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/871771
- Perdana, Ridho Hendra Yoga, Mochammad Junus, and Junaedi Adi Prasetyo. 2020. “Vertical Take off Landing (VTOL) Untuk Drop Kits Pada Quadcopter.” Journal of Applied Smart Electrical Network and Systems 1 (01): 25–30. https://doi.org/10.52158/jasens.v1i01.27
- Perez, David Garcia, Seokkwan Yoon, Anthony J. Sanguinetti, and Patricia Ventura Diaz. 2024. “Tiltwing Transition Flight Analysis Using High-Fidelity CFD.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1229
- “Performance Evaluation by Flight Tests.” 1995. In Flight Performance of Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600868535.0419.0462
- Perhinschi, Mario. 1998. “A Study of Helicopter Handling Qualities in Turbulence Using a Human Pilot Structural Model.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4148. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4148
- Peri, Tejus, and Ansh Mishra. 2026. “Computational Analysis of Propeller-Wing Interaction: Quantifying Lift on a NACA 4412 Airfoil.” In 2026 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2026-112404. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-112404
- Perrier, P. 1993. “New Euler Extension for Rebuilding of Flows at High Angle of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_9
- Perrotta, Gino M. 2015. “Characterization of Rotor Wake in Ground Effect.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-0370. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0370
- Perry, Aaron T., Timothy Bretl, and Phillip J. Ansell. 2019. “System Identification and Dynamics Modeling of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3086. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3086
- Perry, H., and J. Schneider. 1984. “Preliminary Aircraft Design and the Landing Gear Turnover Angle Criterion.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2449. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2449
- Persson, Linnea, and Ben Lawrence. 2017. Design and Control of an Experimental Tilt-Wing Aircraft. NASA/CR-2017-219456. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20190001251
- Peters, Nicholas, and Dorsa Shirazi. n.d. “On the Application of an Actuator Line Model for Rotorcraft Outwash Predictions.” In AIAA SciTech Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240015228
- Peterson, Tim, and Peter Grant. 2011. “Handling Qualities of a Blended Wing Body Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2011-6542. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6542
- Petit, J., and M. Scholey. 1973a. “Analysis, Design and Test of Thrust Reverser and Thrust Vectoring Systems for STOL Transport Aircraft.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1218. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1218
- Petit, John E., and Michael B. Scholey. 1973b. STOL Transport Thrust Reverser/Vectoring Program, Volume 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0756860
- Petit, John E., and Michael B. Scholey. 1973c. STOL Transport Thrust Reverser/Vectoring Program. Volume 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0756861
- Petkosek, Michael A., Lamar Warfield, and Thomas R. Carretta. 2005. Development of a Human Performance Model of a UAV Sensor Operator: Lessons Learned. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada437815
- Petrilli, Justin L., Ryan C. Paul, Ashok Gopalarathnam, and Neal T. Frink. 2013. “A CFD Database for Airfoils and Wings at Post-Stall Angles of Attack.” In 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-2916. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2916
- Pfeifle, Ole, and Walter Fichter. 2021b. “Energy Optimal Control Allocation for INDI Controlled Transition Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1457. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1457
- Pfeifle, Ole, and Walter Fichter. 2022. “Time-Optimal Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion through Deadbeat Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1596. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1596
- Pham, I. Q. 2026. “Simulation-Based Comparison of LQR and PID for Attitude Stabilization of Sub-2-Kg UAVs.” International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR): 534–40. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr26429103053
- Pham, Hai Hung, Van Toan Hoang, and Nguyễn Thái Sơn. 2025. “Optimal Landing Trajectory Design for Fixed-Wing UAV in the Vertical Plane.” International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 6 (9): 5759–65. https://doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.6.0925.35106
- Pham, Duc N., Laurens Voet, Alex Kunycky, and Choon S. Tan. 2022. “Framework of a Power Management System for a Hybrid Electric VTOL Aircraft Using Optimal Control.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3568. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3568
- Phatak, A. V., and M. S. Karmali. 1983. VTOL Shipboard Letdown Guidance System Analysis. NASA-CR-166519. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840017648
- Phillips, William. 1988. “Flying Qualities from Early Airplanes to the Space Shuttle.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-751
- Phillips, Catriona, and Richard E. Brown. 2008. “Eulerian Simulation of the Fluid Dynamics of Helicopter Brownout.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society AHS 64th Annual Forum, Montréal, Québec, April 29-May 1, 2008. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f64-000013
- Phillips, Norman S., Richard W. Carr, and Richard S. Scranton. 1973. Crashworthy Landing Gear Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0765489
- Phillips, Brandyn, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, and Inderjit Chopra. 2018. “Enhancing the Performance of a Quadrotor Biplane Tail-Sitter (QBiT).” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12688
- Phillips, Brandyn, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, Derrick W. Yeo, and Inderjit Chopra. 2017. “Experimental Evaluation of a Quadrotor Biplane with Variable Pitch Rotors.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0073-2017-12304
- Phillips, Catriona, Hyo Won Kim, and Richard E. Brown. 2010. “The Flow Physics of Helicopter Brownout.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000242
- Phillips, Brandyn, Omri Rand, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, and Inderjit Chopra. 2016. “Design and Development of a Scaled Quadrotor Biplane with Variable Pitch Proprotors for Rapid Payload Delivery.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11363
- Phillips, Brandyn, Derek Safieh, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, Derrick W. Yeo, and Inderjit Chopra. 2019. “Performance and Control of Variable Pitch Proprotors for Multi-Scale Quadrotor Biplane Tail-Sitters (QBiTs).” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14751
- Piancastelli, Luca, Leonardo Frizziero, and Marco Cremonini. 2016. “GA Multi-Objective and Experimental Optimization for a Tail-Sitter Small UAV.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45781-9_60
- Pickles, D. J., R. B. Green, and M. Giuni. 2018. “Rotor Wake Interactions with an Obstacle on the Ground.” Aeronautical Journal 122 (1251): 798–820. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2018.7
- Pieper, Carl W. 1965. Engine and Whirl Tests, XV-9A Hot Cycle Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0613339
- Pieper, J. K. 1995. “Application of SLMC: TRC Control of a Helicopter in Hover.” In Proceedings of 1995 American Control Conference - ACC’95, vol. 2. American Autom Control Council. https://doi.org/10.1109/acc.1995.520938
- Pieper, Kyle C., Aaron T. Perry, Phillip J. Ansell, and Timothy Bretl. 2018. “Design and Development of a Dynamically Scaled Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Testbed.” In 2018 AIAA/IEEE Electric Aircraft Technologies Symposium. AIAA 2018-4996. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4996
- Pietrzyk, Mariusz, Krzysztof Kowalczuk, Michał Janewicz, Ewelina Zawadzka-Bartczak, and Lech Kopka. 2023. “Air Force Experience Influences a Pilot’s Visual Perception: Preliminary Results.” Polish Journal of Aviation Medicine, Bioengineering and Psychology 26 (1): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.13174/pjambp.27.03.2023.04
- “A Piloted Simulator Investigation of Helicopter Precision Decelerating Approaches to Hover to Determine Single-Pilot IFR /SPIFR/ Requirements.” 1979. In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1886. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1886
- Pilsch, T. 1975. “Overview: Turbofan STOL Transport Aircraft Technology.” In 11th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1975-300. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-300
- Pinder, Shane. 2008. “Control Strategy for a Four-Rotor VTOL UAV.” In 46th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-210. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-210
- Pines, Darryll J. 2014. VTOL UAS in the 21st Century. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2014_vtol-4949
- Pinson, J., and J. Ryan. 1972. “Investigation of the Commonality in Development of Military and Commercial STOL Transports.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-808. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-808
- Pirera, M. 1983. “Hover and Transition Flight Performance of a Twin Tilt-Nacelle V/STOL Configuration.” In Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1983-1824. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1824
- Pisano, Anthony P., Matthew McCrink, and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2025. “Hover Flight Testing of a Coanda Circulation Control Actuated VTOL Tail-Sitter UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2197
- Pitkin, Marvin. 1943. Free-Flight-Tunnel Investigation of the Effect of Mode of Propeller Rotation Uuon the Lateral-Stability Characteristics of a Twin-Engine Airplane Model with Single Vertical Tails of Different Size. NACA-ARR-3J18. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092563
- Pittsburgh Univ Washington DC Research Staff. 1966. Research Aircraft, XV-5A. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0482131
- Place, G., H. M. Altmann, L. G. Barbee, Campbell Jr., and G. F. E. R. Neuharth. 1974. Interactive Computer-Aided Design Aircraft Flying Qualities Program. Volume 4. Program Assessment/Correlation Reports. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0785104
- “Placement in Flight Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.015
- Planeaux, James, and Thomas Barth. 1988. “High-Angle-of-Attack Dynamic Behavior of a Model High-Performance Fighter Aircraft.” In 15th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1988-4368. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4368
- Platou, A. 1968. “The Wind Tunnel Free Flight Testing Technique.” In 3rd Aerodynamics Testing Conference. AIAA 1968-388. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-388
- Platzer, Max F. 1976. The Oscillating Jet Flap. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada022768
- Platzer, M., and R. Margason. 1976. “Prediction Methods for Jet V/STOL Propulsion Aerodynamics.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1976-932. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1976-932
- Platzer, Stefan, Juergen Rauleder, and Manfred Hajek. 2016. “Investigation of Centrifugal Pumping Rotor Blades in Hover Using CFD.” In 34th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2016-3420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3420
- Pleffken, Daniel R., João B. Cavalcanti, and Christopher Cerqueira. 2026. “A Model-Based Framework for Data-Driven Certification of eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4309
- Pleffken, Daniel Rondon, Guilherme Moreira, Vitor Oliveira Bourguignon, and Christopher Shneider Cerqueira. 2024. “Automating eVTOL Airworthiness Certification Using MBSE and Large Language Models: A Framework for Regulatory Alignment.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.173221406.68664071/v1
- Plichta, Dávid, and Iveta Škvareková. 2021. “Measuring of Pilot Workload.” In Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 9. University of Žilina. https://doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2021.1.21
- Plijter, Jurriën C., Ramon Duivenvoorden, and Tomas Sinnige. 2025. “Aerodynamic Interaction Effects between a Propeller Slipstream and Single Slotted Flap.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0667. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0667
- Plotkin, Allen. 2012. “Low-Speed Aerodynamics – the Theoretical Aspects.” International Journal of Aerodynamics 2 (1): 1. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijad.2012.046564
- Pobikrowska, Katarzyna, and Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski. 2021. “Wind tunnel tests of hovering propellers in the transition state of Quad-Plane.” Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences Technical Sciences: 138821–138821. https://doi.org/10.24425/bpasts.2021.138821
- Pobikrowska, Katarzyna, and Tomasz Goetzendorf-Grabowski. 2025. “VTOL UAV Optimal Control in the Transition Phase.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (9): 1085–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2025-0001
- Podguzov, A. A., I. R. Garipov, and V. E. Vavilov. 2024. “Electrified and Hybrid Propulsion Systems for Vertical Take-Off and Landing Aircraft.” Russian Electrical Engineering 95 (12): 956–62. https://doi.org/10.3103/s1068371224701256
- Pogust, Frederick B. 1969. “Scanning Beam Landing Systems for VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 14 (4): 43–47. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.14.43
- Poh, Chung-Kiak, and Chung-How Poh. 2015. “UAV with VTOL and Endurance Capability Inspired by Unlimited-Class Aerobatic Aircraft.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 7 (2): 125–32. https://doi.org/10.1260/1756-8293.7.2.125
- Polhamus, E. C. 1966. A Concept of the Vortex Lift of Sharp-Edge Delta Wings Based on a Leading-Edge-Suction Analogy. NASA-TN-D-3767. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670003842
- Polhamus, E. C. 1968. Application of the Leading-Edge-Suction Analogy of Vortex Lift to the Drag Due to Lift of Sharp-Edge Delta Wings. NASA-TN-D-4739. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680022518
- Polhamus, E. C. 1969. “Predictions of Vortex-Lift Characteristics Based on a Leading-Edge Suction Analogy.” In AMERICAN INST. OF AERONAUTICS AND ASTRONAUTICS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700034491
- Polhamus, E. C. 1971. Predictions of Vortex-Lift Characteristics by a Leading-Edge Suction Analogy. AIAA PAPER 69-1133. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710044154
- Pollack, Tijmen, Gertjan Looye, and Frans Van der Linden. 2019. “Design and Flight Testing of Flight Control Laws Integrating Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Servo Current Control.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0130
- Pollack, Tijmen, Spilios Theodoulis, and Xuerui Wang. 2026b. “Duality between Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Transformation-Based Quasi-Linear Parameter-Varying Control.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0108. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0108
- Pollack, Tijmen, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2022. “Robust Stability and Performance Analysis of Incremental Dynamic Inversion-Based Flight Control Laws.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1395. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1395
- Pollini, Lorenzo, Stefano Geluardi, Frank M. Nieuwenhuizen, and Hh Bülthoff. 2014. “Frequency Domain System Identification of a Light Helicopter in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9579
- Polsky, Susan A. 2000. VSTOL Ground Effects Characterization and Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada375807
- Polzin, William, Kanchan Guntupalli, and R. Ganesh Rajagopalan. 2011. “Discrete Blade Model for Rotorcraft Brownout.” In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2011-3182. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3182
- Pomin, Hubert, and Siegfried Wagner. 2001. “Navier-Stokes Analysis of Helicopter Rotor Aerodynamics in Hover and Forward Flight.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-998. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-998
- Pomranky, Regina A. 2006. Human Robotics Interaction Army Technology Objective Raven Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Task Analysis and Modeling. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada476904
- Popowski, Stanisław, and Witold Dąbrowski. 2018. “Analysis of Methods Used to Eliminate the Propeller Slipstream Effect in Single-Engine Aircraft.” Transactions on Aerospace Research 2018 (2): 51–59. https://doi.org/10.2478/tar-2018-0015
- Porcacchia, Federico, Fabio Riccardi, Andrea Mancini, Matteo Pecoraro, Andrea Ragazzi, and Luca Vigano. 2023. “Assessment of Numerical Approaches for Modelling Tilt-Rotor Ground Effect Stability in Hover and near Hover Conditions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18070
- Portapas, Vilius. 2025. “Developing Alsim AL250 Based eVTOL Flight Simulator.” Aviation 29 (1): 39–47. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2025.23167
- Portapas, Vilius, and Alastair Cooke. 2020. “Simulated Pilot-in-the-Loop Testing of Handling Qualities of the Flexible Wing Aircraft.” Aviation 24 (1): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2020.12175
- Portlock, Joshua N., and Samuel N. Cubero. n.d. “Dynamics and Control of a VTOL Quad-Thrust Aerial Robot.” In Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74027-8_3
- Porzio, A., and M. Franke. 1986. “Experimental Study of a Confined Jet Thrust Vector Control Nozzle.” In 24th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1986-448. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-448
- “Position Estimation for Autonomous Hover of a Mini-Helicopter.” 2014. Journal of Unmanned System Technology. https://doi.org/10.21535/x652ps57
- Postma, R. W. 1970. Experimental Evaluation of a Thrust Vector Load Cell. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0714060
- Potonides, H. C. 1979. “Development of an Inlet for a Tilt Nacelle Subsonic V/STOL Aircraft.” Journal of Engineering for Power 101 (2): 290–97. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3446485
- Powers, B. 1980. “Experience with an Adaptive Stick-Gain Algorithm to Reduce Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Tendencies.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1571. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1571
- Prabhakar, Nirmit, Francesco Salucci, and Dominik Karbowski. 2023. “Estimating Mission-Based Energy and System Dynamics of e-VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3922
- Prabhakar, Nirmit, Francesco Salucci, and Dominik Karbowski. 2025. “Simulating System and Powerplant Dynamics of an e-VTOL Aircraft for a Full Flight Mission Including Transition.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3558. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3558
- Prabhakar, Nirmit, Francesco Salucci, and Dominik Karbowski. 2026. “Effect of Navigation and Trajectories on eVTOL Flight Energy and Performance.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1770. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1770
- Prabhu, R. K., C. H. Liu, and S. N. Tiwari. 1985. “An Asymptotic Theory for the Interference of Large Aspect Ratio Swept Wings and Multiple Propeller Slipstreams.” In AGARD Aerodyn. and Acoustics of Propellers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860001700
- Prabhu, R. K., and S. N. Tiwari. 1983. A Modified Lifting Line Theory for Wing-Propeller Interference. NASA-CR-173324. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840010103
- Prach, Anna. 2022. “SDC-Based Dynamic Inversion Controller for a Fixed-Wing Aircraft.” Mechanics of Gyroscopic Systems, no. 43: 65–78. https://doi.org/10.20535/0203-3771432022275285
- Pradeep, Priyank, and Peng Wei. 2018a. “Energy Efficient Arrival with RTA Constraint for Urban eVTOL Operations.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-2008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2008
- Prasad, Bhaskar, Eman Jibril Idris, Agus Budiyono, Dugki Min, and Eunmi Choi. 2011. “System Identification of NN-Based Model Reference Control of RUAV during Hover.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/15414
- Prasad, J. V. R., Jinggen Zhao, and Perumal Shanthakumaran. 2006. “Pilot-In-The Loop Simulation Evaluation of a Rotor Dynamic Wake Distortion Model.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-221
- Pravitra, Jintasit, John-Paul B. Clarke, and Eric N. Johnson. 2019. “Landing a Fixed-Wing UAV on a Moving Platform: A Pseudospectral Optimal Control Approach.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3257. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3257
- Pravitra, Jintasit, and Eric N. Johnson. 2020. “Adaptive Control for Attitude Match Station-Keeping and Landing of a Fixed-Wing UAV onto a Maneuvering Platform.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1082
- “Prediction and Verification of Aerodynamic Drag, Part II: Wind-Tunnel/Flight Correlation of Lift, Drag, and Pitching Moment.” 1985. In Thrust and Drag: Its Prediction and Verification. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865732.0173.0206
- “Prediction of Vortex Breakdown Effects on a Rolling Delta Wing.” 1994. In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1883. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1883
- Preis, Lukas, and Susan Cheng. 2022. “Simulation of Individual Aircraft and Passenger Behaviour and Study of Impact on Vertiport Operations.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-4074. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-4074
- Preis, Lukas, and Mirko Hornung. 2022a. “Identification of Driving Processes for Vertiport Operations Using Agent-Based Simulation.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0215. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0215
- Preisner, Luke, Daniel DeLaurentis, Dimitri Mavris, and Daniel Schrage. 2002. “Application of a Technology Identification, Evaluation, Selection (TIES) Method for a Conceptual VTOL UAV.” In 1st UAV Conference. AIAA 2002-3465. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3465
- A Preliminary Study of V/STOL Transport Aircraft and Bibliography of NASA Research in the VTOL-STOL Field. 1961. NASA-TN-D-624. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040006318
- Preston, John R. 1994. “VTOL Downwash / Outwash Operational Effects Model.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f50-2035
- Prewitt, Jack, Joseph I. Milluzzo, and John K. Tritschler. 2023. “Effects of Sloped Terrain on in-Ground-Effect Hover Performance for an Isolated Rotor.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18178
- Priambodo, A. S., F. Arifin, A. Nasuha, Muslikhin, and A. Winursito. 2022. “A Vision and GPS Based System for Autonomous Precision Vertical Landing of UAV Quadcopter.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2406 (1): 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2406/1/012004
- Price, G. 1964a. “A Comparison of the Agility Performance of a Number of V/stol and Stol Aircraft.” In General Aviation Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1964-181. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-181
- Price, G. 1964b. “Factors Affecting Design Requirements of Armed Tactical Support V/stol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-772. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-772
- Primatesta, Stefano, Federico Barra, Simone Godio, Giorgio Guglieri, and Pierluigi Capone. 2023. “Implementation of a Comprehensive Real-Time Flight Simulator for XV-15 Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0336. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0336
- Priyambodo, Tri Kuntoro, Abdul Majid, and Zaied Saad Salem Shouran. 2023. “Validation of Quad Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV Model in Fixed Wing Mode.” Journal of Robotics and Control (JRC) 4 (2): 179–91. https://doi.org/10.18196/jrc.v4i2.17253
- Prophete, Clotilde. n.d. “Etude De La Propagation Des Ondes Térahertz En Milieu Diffusant Pour L’imagerie Pour Hélicoptères En Condition De Brownout.” PhD diss., Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE). https://doi.org/10.70675/211100bfz7970z4f76z823dz7567e8ce7cfc
- Prudencio, Rafael Figueiredo. 2025. “Offline Reinforcement Learning for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Control.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.47749/t/unicamp.2025.1530174
- Prudnikov, Yu. A., E. A. Karavayev, and O. V. Rokhmistrov. 1993. “Wing Rock of Slender Delta Wings at Subsonic and Transonic Speeds.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_27
- Pruner, J., and P. Reynolds. 1971. “The Total in-Flight Simulator (TIFS): A New Aircraft Design Tool.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-794. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-794
- Pruyn, Richard, and Robert Taylor. 1970. “Design Considerations for Tilt-Rotor VTOL Aircraft to Minimize the Effects of the Recirculating Downwash Environment.” In Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Environmental Effects on VTOL Designs - Arlington, Texas 1970. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-2300
- Pruynn, Richard, and Robert Shannon. 1980. Design Optimization of Rotor Systems for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft That Fold for Shipboard Compatibility. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotor_1980-2326
- Przedpelski, Z. 1965. “Lift Fans for Advanced V/STOL Aircraft.” In Low-Speed Flight Meeting. AIAA 1965-708. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-708
- Pugliese, A., and R. Englar. 1979. “Flight Testing the Circulation Control Wing.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1791. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1791
- Pulk, B., and E. Stolarik. 1977. “Vertical Landing Attitude Control of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Using Jet Vanes in the Engine Exhausts.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1977-1065. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-1065
- Pulla, Devi, and T. Conlisk. 2005. “The Long Time Structure of the Rotor Wake in Ground Effect.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-1408. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-1408
- Purser, Paul E., and Margaret F. Spear. 1946. Tests to Determine Effects of Slipstream Rotation on the Lateral Stability Characteristics of a Single-Engine Low-Wing Aircraft Model. NACA-TN-1146. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930081810
- Pusztai, Daniel, Mark H. Lowenberg, and Simon A. Neild. 2023. “Static Wind Tunnel Testing of a Generic T-Tail Transport Airplane at High Angle of Attack.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0217
- Putman, William F. 1961. Results of Experiments on a Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft Using the Princeton University Forward Flight Facility. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0270217
- Putman, William F. 1969. An Investigation of the Lateral/Directional Dynamic Stability Characteristics of a Tilt-Wing V/STOL Transport Model in Simulated Low-Speed Descending Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0859807
- Putman, W., H. Curtiss Jr., and M. Lapins. 1979. “Low Speed Testing Techniques for V/STOL Aircraft in the Princeton Dynamic Model Track.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-334
- Putman, W. F., M. Maughmer, and H. C. J. J. Curtiss. 1977. Aerodynamics and Hovering Control of LTA Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada045315
- Qi, O. F., N. R. L. Maccallum, and P. J. Gawthrop. 1992a. “Improving Dynamic Response of a Single-Spool Gas Turbine Engine Using a Nonlinear Contoller.” In Volume 5: Manufacturing Materials and Metallurgy; Ceramics; Structures and Dynamics; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/92-gt-392
- Qi, Hao, Yiming Peng, Hong Nie, and Xiaohui Wei. 2024b. “Research on Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV Landing Technology Based on Pre-Trained Bionic Technology.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-8045-1_23
- Qi, G. Y., X. R. Zhang, and L. Xu. 2024a. “Model Compensation Control of Composite Vertical Take-off and Landing UAV.” Aeronautical Journal 129 (1331): 224–39. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.64
- Qian, Yuping, Yangjun Zhang, and Weilin Zhuge. 2023. Key Technology Challenges of Electric Ducted Fan Propulsion Systems for eVTOL. https://doi.org/10.4271/epr2023027
- Qin, Derek Xiao. 2023. “Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft: Categories, Applications, and Technology.” Theoretical and Natural Science 13 (1): 126–29. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/13/20240810
- Qin, Zijie, Kun Liu, and Xi Zhao. 2023a. “A Smooth Control Allocation Method for a Distributed Electric Propulsion VTOL Aircraft Test Platform.” IET Control Theory & Applications 17 (7): 925–42. https://doi.org/10.1049/cth2.12427
- Qiong Hu, Qingbo Geng, Qinghe Wu, and Qing Fei. 2012. “Flight Control Design for UAV Using Hierarchical Dynamic Inversion.” In International Conference on Automatic Control and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.1162
- Qu, Xutao, Zhihao Cai, and Yingxun Wang. 2026a. “Large-Pitch Hovering Control of Tilt Tri-Rotor UAVs Using Symmetric Control Formulation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.36227/techrxiv.176948899.97904698/v1
- Qu, Feng, Shaokai Duan, Qing Wang, and Jiaxiang Zhong. 2026c. “Unsteady Aerodynamic Response Mechanism of Double-Delta Wing under High Angle of Attack.” Physics of Fluids 38 (9): 094113. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0346822
- Qu, Shen, Tianyi He, and Weihua Su. 2024. “Mixed Model Predictive Control and Data-Driven Control of a Tiltrotor eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0517. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0517
- Qu, Qiulin, Yunlong Zheng, Peiqing Liu, Yunpeng Qin, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2017. “Ground Effect Aerodynamics of a Flapping Airfoil in Hover.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3408. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3408
- Quackenbush, Todd R. 1987. Computational Studies in Low Speed Rotor Aerodynamics. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_aero_1987-2127
- Quackenbush, Todd R., and Daniel A. Wachspress. 2006. “Impact of Rotor Design on Coaxial Rotor Performance, Wake Geometry and Noise.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f62-004
- Quackenbush, Todd R., Daniel A. Wachspress, Robert McKillip, and Christine L. Solomon. 2010. “Tiltrotor/Tiltwing Performance Enhancement via Active on-Blade Flaps.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000361
- Quackenbush, Todd R., Glen R. Whitehouse, Benjamin Silbaugh, and Pavel V. Danilov. 2018. “Analysis of Rotor Configuration and Ground Proximity Effects on Hover Download.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12700
- Quackenbush, Todd R., Glen R. Whitehouse, and MIchael K. Yu. 2019. “Analysis of Rotor/Airframe Interaction in Hover and near-Hover Flight Conditions.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0596. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0596
- “A Quadrotor UAV Navigational Command and Control Aid: A Landing Pad Detection and Localisation System.” 2015. In International Congress on Modelling and Simulation (MODSIM). https://doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2015.c7.anvar
- Quan, Liu Ji. 2013. “Detection of Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO).” Advanced materials research 748: 555–59. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.748.555
- “Quantifying Pilot Visual Attention in Low Visibility Terminal Operations.” 2012. In Advances in Human Aspects of Aviation. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12321-24
- Quaranta, Hugo. n.d. “Instabilities in a Swirling Rotor Wake.” PhD diss., Aix-Marseille. https://doi.org/10.70675/0bf3a25fz51f8z475eza980z2d0336593396
- Queijo, M. J., Walter D. Wolhart, and H. S. Fletcher. 1953a. Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Pitching Stability Derivatives of a 1/9-Scale Powered Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 373. NACA-RM-SL53G27. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029407
- Queijo, M. J., Walter D. Wolhart, and H. S. Fletcher. 1953b. Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Rolling Stability Derivatives of a 1/9-Scale Powered Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 373. NACA-RM-SL53E13. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029471
- Queijo, M. J., W. D. Wolhart, and H. S. Fletcher. 1953c. Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Static Longitudinal and Lateral Stability Characteristics of a 1/9-Scale Powered Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane. NACA-RM-SL53B20. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050080793
- Queijo, M. J., w. D. Wolhart, and H. S. Fletcher. 1953d. Wind-Tunnel Investigation at Low Speed of the Yawing Stability Derivatives of a 1/9-Scale Powered Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane, TED No. NACA DE 373. NACA-RM-SL53D01. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029464
- Quigley, H. C. 1964. Simulation Techniques for the Study of V/STOL PROBLEMS. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660003383
- Quigley, H. C., and J. A. Franklin. 1977. “Lift/cruise Fan VTOL Aircraft.” Astronautics and Aeronautics 15. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780032786
- Quigley, H. C., and C. A. Holzhauser. 1974. “Requirement for Simulation in V/STOL Research Aircraft Programs.” In AGARD V/STOL Aerodyn.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750005748
- Quinlan, Nathan, John Eaton, and Micheal O’Flaherty. 1996. “Computational Investigation of Propulsion Interaction Effects on Wing Propeller Installation.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-673. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-673
- Raab, Christian. 2026. “From Flight Test to a Simulator Model: System Identification of the ISTAR Research Aircraft.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 69. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644904251-262
- Raab, Stefan A., Jiannan Zhang, Pranav Bhardwaj, and Florian Holzapfel. 2018. “Proposal of a Unified Control Strategy for Vertical Take-off and Landing Transition Aircraft Configurations.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-3478. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3478
- Radford, R., and D. Andrisani II. 1980. “An Experimental Investigation of VTOL Flying Qualities Requirements in Shipboard Landings.” In 6th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1980-1625. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1625
- Radhakrishnan, Anand, and Fredric Schmitz. 2003. “An Experimental Investigation of a Quad Tilt Rotor in Ground Effect.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3517. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3517
- Radhakrishnan, Anand, and Fredric Schmitz. 2005. “Quad Tilt Rotor Aerodynamics in Ground Effect.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-5218. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5218
- Radhakrishnan, Anand, and Fredric Schmitz. 2006. “Quad Tilt Rotor Download and Power Measurements in Ground Effect.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3471. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3471
- Radotich, Michael. 2026. “TVF 2026: Foundations of Vertical Flight: NASA Rotorcraft Outwash Test Overview by NASA Ames Research Center.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Electric VTOL Symposium - San Jose, California, Jan 2026. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_evtol_2026-5239
- Rae, W. H., Jr. 1973. Some Comments on V/STOL Wind Tunnel Testing in the Transition Flight Region. Washington, University. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740039727
- Rae, W. H., Jr., and S. Shindo. 1969. “Comments on V/STOL Wind Tunnel Data at Low Forward Speeds.” In AERODYNAMICS OF ROTARY WING AND V/STOL AIRCRAFT, SYMPOSIUM. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690057240
- Raeisi, Bahram. 2021. “Aerodynamic Study of Tilting Asymmetrical Ducted Fans Mounted at the Wing Tips of a VTOL UAV.” Preprint, Toronto Metropolitan University. https://doi.org/10.32920/ryerson.14661729.v1
- Raghavan, Brijesh, and N. Ananthkrishnan. 2005. “First-Principles Aerodynamic Modeling for Delta Wing Roll Dynamics.” In 43rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-618
- Raghavan, V., W. J. McCroskey, J. D. Baeder, and W. R. Van Dalsem. 1990. Calculations of the Flow past Bluff Bodies, Including Tilt-Rotor Wing Sections at Alpha = 90 Deg. AIAA PAPER 90-0032. Sterling Software. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900035101
- Ragheb, Adam, Or D. Dantsker, and Michael S. Selig. 2013. “Stall/Spin Mitigation Flight Testing with a Subscale Aerobatic Aircraft.” In 31st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2013-2806. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-2806
- Rahman, Naveed U., and James F. Whidborne. 2009. “Real-Time Transient Three Spool Turbofan Engine Simulation: A Hybrid Approach.” Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 131 (5): 051602. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3079611
- Rais-Rohani, Masoud, and Donald Baker. 1994. “Wing Design for a Civil Tilt-Rotor Transport Aircraft: A Preliminary Study.” In 35th Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 1994-1469. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1469
- Raj, A. Vinoth, and Senthilkumar Chidambaram. 2025. “Propeller Slipstream Effects on the Aerodynamics Characteristics of a Transition Micro Air Vehicle.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 18 (3). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.18.3.2866
- Rajagopalan, R. 1988. “Finite Difference Analysis of a Rotor in Hover and Axial Translation.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-2891. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2891
- Rajamurthy, M. S. 2002. “Modelling of the Nonlinear Lift and Pitching Moment Characteristics of 60 Degrees Delta Wing and Wing-Bodies.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4712. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4712
- Rajendiran Vijayaraj, Aditya Suvithiraj, Lokesh Silwal, Zachary T. Moore, and Vrishank Raghav. 2024. “Time-Averaged Flowfield Measurements of a Coaxial Rotor to Understand the Rotor-on-Rotor Interactions in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0008
- Rajendran, Karthik. 2025. “Conceptual Design and Aerodynamic Analysis of Medium Altitude Long Endurance VTOL Fixed Wing UAV.” Acceleron Aerospace Journal 5 (4): 1477–1515. https://doi.org/10.61359/11.2106-2557
- Rajesh, A., and Abhay Bt. 2015. “Design and Analysis Aircraft Nose and Nose Landing Gear.” Journal of Aeronautics & Aerospace Engineering 04 (02). https://doi.org/10.4172/2168-9792.1000144
- Rakas, Jasenka. 2022. “Vertiport Design Concepts and Standards for Urban Air Mobility.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26226/m.63283143f30377bc3baf7c4e
- Ralston, John, and Randy Hultburg. 2010. “Full-Envelope Aerodynamics Modeling of a General Aviation Aircraft with Propeller Slipstream Effects.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2010-7922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7922
- Ramachandran, K., C. Tung, and F. Caradonna. 1989. “The Free-Wake Prediction of Rotor Hover Performance Using a Vortex Embedding Method.” In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1989-638. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-638
- Ramachandran, S., and W. Wells. 1974. “Estimation of Nonlinear Aerodynamic Derivatives of a Variable Geometry Fighter Aircraft from Flight Data.” In Mechanics and Control of Flight Conference. AIAA 1974-790. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-790
- Ramasamy, Manikandan, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2006. “Benchmarking PIV with LDV for Rotor Wake Vortex Flows.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3479
- Ramasamy, Manickam, Jinu P. Raj, and Debasish Ghose. 2026. “Safe Autonomous Landing of a UAV in Offset Approaches Using Neural Networks.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2369. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2369
- Ramesh, P. S., and J. V. Muruga Lal Jeyan. 2022. “Hover Performance Analysis of Coaxial Mini Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Applications in Mountain Terrain.” Aviation 26 (2): 112–23. https://doi.org/10.3846/aviation.2022.16901
- Ramnath, R. 1969. “Transition Dynamics of VTOL Aircraft.” In 7th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1969-130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-130
- Rampy, J. M. 1966. Important VSTOL Aircraft Stability Derivatives in Hover and Transition. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0641371
- “Range and Endurance.” 2003. In Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0105.0118
- Rao, D. M. 1979. Leading Edge Vortex-Flap Experiments on a 74 Deg Delta Wing. NASA-CR-159161. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800002792
- Rao, D. 1980. “Investigation of Leading-Edge Devices for Drag Reduction of a 60-Deg. Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-310. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-310
- Rao, Dhanvada. 1989. “Feasibility Study of Vortex Interaction Control on a Chine Forebody/delta Wing Configuration at High Angles of Attack.” In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1989-3350. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3350
- Rao, Dhanvada. 1992. “A LEX Blowing Technique for Post-Stall Lateral Control of Trapezoidal Wings.” In 10th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1992-2714. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-2714
- Rao, Dhanvada M., and M. K. Bhat. 1992. A Low-Speed Wind Tunnel Study of Vortex Interaction Control Techniques on a Chine-Forebody/delta-Wing Configuration. NASA-CR-189616. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920016267
- Rao, D. M., and Thomas Buter. 1983. “Experimental and Computational Studies of a Delta Wing Apex-Flap.” In Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1983-1815. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1815
- Raol, Jitendra R., and Jatinder Singh. 2023. “Aircraft Handling Qualities Analysis.” In Flight Mechanics Modeling and Analysis. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003293514-11
- Rathjen, Jeremy W. n.d. “Precise Landing of VTOL Uavs Using a Tether.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.11483
- Rau, Robert F., and Eric Greenwood. 2022. “A Dynamic Wake Model for Multirotor Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3959. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3959
- Rauhut, Patrick, and Ronald Slingerland. 2003. “Propeller Slipstream Effects on Lateral and Directional Static Stability and Control of a Single Engine Tractor Airplane.” In 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-51. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-51
- Rault, A. 1976. “Pilot Workload Analysis.” In Monitoring Behavior and Supervisory Control. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-2523-9_13
- Rault, A. 1979. “Measurement of Pilot Workload.” In Mental Workload. Springer US. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0884-4_25
- Ravindranath, Arun. 2025. “Optimization of Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle for Thrust Vectoring Using Improved HHO and RBF Surrogate Model.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 49. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644903438-46
- Rawat, Kuldeep, and Kevin Kupietz. 2026. Energy-Constrained Vertiport Location Optimization for Advanced Air Mobility Emergency Logistics in Northeastern North Carolina. https://doi.org/10.46254/na11.20260315
- Ray, E. 1965. “A Systematic Study of the Factors Contributing to Post-Stall Longitudinal Stability of T-Tail Transport Configurations.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-737. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-737
- Raymer, Daniel. 1988. “The Impact of VTOL on the Conceptual Design Process.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1988-4479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4479
- Raymer, Daniel. 1991. “Post-Stall Maneuver and the Classic Turn Rate Plot.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3170. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3170
- Razak, Kenneth, and A. J. Craig. 1961. A Summary Analysis of an STOL Transport. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0267523
- Razinsky, E. 1988. “The J402-CA-702: A Modern 1000 Lb. Thrust RPV Engine.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-3248. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-3248
- Reader, Kenneth R. 1976. A Control System for the Wind Tunnel Model of a Reverse-Blowing Circulation Control Rotor (RB-CCR). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada026548
- Reatti, Alberto, Armando Casazza, Roberto Fiorenzani, Giuseppe Mattei, Luca Pugi, and Alberto Mela. 2022. “A Fixed Wing UAV with VTOL Capabilities: Design, Control and Energy Management.” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 41 (3): 206. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2022.10052627
- Reber, R. 1981. “Greenlandair VTOL Transportation Study.” In AIAA and NASA Ames VSTOL Conference. AIAA 1981-2642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2642
- Reddinger, Jean-Paul F. 2019. “Performance and Controls of a Scalable Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1287. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1287
- Reddinger, Jean-Paul, Kristoff McIntosh, Di Zhao, and Sandipan Mishra. 2019. “Modeling and Trajectory Control of a Transitioning Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14758
- Reddinger, Jean-Paul, Jonah Whitt, and Ondrej Juhasz. 2024. “System Identification of a Hovering Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter with Canted Motors.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1190
- Redkin, A. V., Yu. A. Yaloza, and I. E. Kovalev. 2020. “Reliability Assessment of Convertible Aircraft with Hybrid Propulsion System and Multirotor Lifting System.” Civil Aviation High Technologies 23 (5): 76–96. https://doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2020-23-5-76-96
- Reed, V. 1980. “Use of Contingency Ratings on a Subsonic V/STOL Propulsion System.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1855. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1855
- Reeder, J. P. 1960. “Handling Qualities Experience with Several VTOL Research Aircraft.” In NASA Conf. on V(STOL Aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740076590
- Reeder, J. P. 1964. The Impact of V/stol Aircraft on Instrument Weather Operations. NASA-TM-X-54740. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650019882
- Reeder, J. P. 1965. V/stol Aircraft Operation in the Terminal Area. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021529
- Reeder, J. P. 1967. V/STOL Terminal Area Instrument Flight Research. NASA-TM-X-60456. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680017973
- Rehan, Muhammad, Farooq Akram, Aamer Shahzad, Qasim Ali, Mohtashim Mansoor, and Syed Hammad Raza. 2026. “Formulation, Implementation and Verification of Novel Transition Control Strategy for VTOL Hybrid UAV.” Aeronautical Journal 130 (1347): 1518–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2026.10130
- Reichlen, Christopher Patrick, Priyadarshini Pennathur, Daniel McGehee, and Thomas Schnell. n.d. “A Comparison of Linear and Nonlinear ECG-Based Methods to Assess Pilot Workload in a Live-Flight Tactical Setting.” PhD diss., University of Iowa. https://doi.org/10.17077/etd.hqx7edns
- Reigelsperger, William, Kelly Hammett, and Siva Banda. 1995. “Lateral-Directional, Full Envelope Control Law Design for F-16 with Thrust Vectoring.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1995-3249. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3249
- Reiner, Jacob, Gary Balas, and William Garrard. 1994. “Design of a Flight Control System for a Highly Maneuverable Aircraft Using Robust Dynamic Inversion.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3682. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3682
- Reising, John M., Thomas J. Solz Jr., Timothy S. Barry, and David C. Hartsock. 1994. “New Cockpit Technology: Unique Opportunities for the Pilot.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 2219, edited by Darrel G. Hopper. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.177771
- Reiss, Philipp, Daniel Dollinger, Christopher Schropp, David Löbl, and Florian Holzapfel. 2021. “Multi Crew Coordination for Remote Piloted Transition VTOL.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1056. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1056
- Ren, Shuili, and Peiqing Liu. 2022. “Numerical Study on the Effect of Vortex Generators on S-Shaped Intake in Propeller Slipstream.” Journal of Aerospace Engineering 35 (3): 04022013. https://doi.org/10.1061/(asce)as.1943-5525.0001402
- Ren, Yan, and Gecheng Zha. 2024. “2D Fluid-Body Interaction Simulation of CoFlow Jet Deflected Slipstream VTOL Transition Flight.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4419. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4419
- Ren, Jie, Zhaihe Zhou, Cheng Yu, and Sihui Piao. 2025. “Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Tail-Sitter Control Method with Distributed Dynamic Pressure Gain Compensation.” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 48 (10): 2302–10. https://doi.org/10.1177/01423312251344716
- Renooij, Martijn, and Ronald Slingerland. 2004. “Propeller Slipstream and Wing-Fuselage Interference Effects on Three-Axis Stability and Control.” In 42nd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-214
- Renselaer, D. 1974. “Considerations for STOL Landing Ground Rules.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-996. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-996
- Renselaer, D. 1975. “Description and Test Results of a Water Basin to Determine Ground Effect in Hover Using Small Models.” In 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1975-145. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-145
- Renselaer, D. J. 1977a. Low Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Vectored Thrust V/STOL Transport with Two Lift/cruise Fans. NASA-CR-152029. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770022151
- “Representative Operations of V/STOL Aircraft.” 2002. In Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861758.0005.0012
- Republic Aviation Corp Mineola Ny. 1963. Histroy and Description of Marine Corps Battalion Landing Team Aerial Drone Reconnaissance System.. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0344655
- Reschak, Robert J. 1970. Suggested VTOL Handling Qualities Criteria for Civil IFR Qualification. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-4377
- Research Directed toward Determination of Advanced Avionics Technology for a V/STOL Aircraft Program Final Report. 1968. NASA-CR-86102. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680026272
- Resta, Emanuele, Gaetano Di Cicca, Michele Ferlauto, and Roberto Marsilio. 2024. “Thrust Vectoring Using Differential Throttling in Axisymmetric Aerospike Nozzle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1617. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1617
- Resta, Emanuele, Michele Ferlauto, and Roberto Marsilio. 2022. “Numerical Investigation of the Burner-Nozzle Interaction on Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3262. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3262
- Retha, Emaid A. Abdul. 2017. Novel Concepts in Multi-Rotor VTOL UAV Dynamics and Stability. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118928691.ch20
- Reveles, Nicolas, Kyle Seledic, Darryl Williams, Eric Blades, and Parthiv N. Shah. 2020. “Rotor/Propeller Model Fidelity Effects on Propeller-Wing Interactional Aerodynamics.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2676
- Reynolds, William, Juan Alonso, and Massimiliano Fatica. 2003. “Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Simulations.” In 16th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3698. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3698
- Rhoads, Donald W. 1967. In-Flight Simulation and Pilot Evaluation of Selected Landing Approach Handling Qualities of a Large Logistics Transport Airplane. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0820790
- Rhoads, Grant. 2011. “Design Space Exploration for Electrically Powered Vertical Take-Off and Landing Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” In 9th Annual International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference. AIAA 2011-5975. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-5975
- Rhodes, W. 1969. “Initial Military Flight Tests of the X-22A VSTOL Research Aircraft.” In 3rd Flight Test, Simulation, and Support Conference. AIAA 1969-319. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-319
- Rhody, Francis J. 1965. “Aircraft Arresting System.” Journal of the Aero-Space Transport Division 91 (2): 45–50. https://doi.org/10.1061/jatdaz.0000055
- Ribner, Herbert S. 1944. Notes on the Propeller and Slipstream in Relation to Stability. NACA-WR-L-25. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092551
- Ricard, Gilbert L., and Russell V. Parrish. 1984. “Pilot Differences and Motion Cuing Effects on Simulated Helicopter Hover.” Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 26 (3): 249–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088402600301
- Riccardi, F., M. Mamino, M. Pecoraro, and Andrea Ragazzi. 2025. Handling Qualities MTEs Evaluation Methodologies in Preliminary Design of High-Speed Rotorcraft Configurations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5298
- Riccius, M. 1984. “Design Development and Optimization Criteria Considerations for a Tandem Fan Medium Speed V/STOL Propulsion Concept.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1984-2395. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2395
- Richards, Whitman, and Key Dismukes. 1982. Vision Research for Flight Simulation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada118721
- Richards, Nathan D., Loyd R. Hook, and Peter M. Suh. 2018. “Self-Directed and Informed Forced-Landing System for UAV Avoidance of on-Ground Persons, Vehicles, and Structures.” In 2018 AIAA Information Systems-AIAA Infotech @ Aerospace. AIAA 2018-2142. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-2142
- Richards, Phillip W., and Boone Tate. 2023. “Hybrid Wing-Body Aircraft Landing Gear Design.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3521
- Richardson, Harry L. 1966. “Thrust Response: A Lift Engine Problem?” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 11 (2): 8–10. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.11.8
- Richardson, David A. 1970. “The Application of Hingeless Rotors to Tilting Prop/rotor Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f26-004
- Richardson, David F. 1976. Comparison of Flight Test and Wind Tunnel Performance Characteristics of the X-24B Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/adb012971
- Richardson, Giles, William Dawes, and Anthony Savill. 2005. “Hot Gas Ingestion Modelling for the Vertical Descent Phase of a Harrier.” In 17th AIAA Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-5338. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5338
- Richardson, G. A., W. N. Dawes, and A. M. Savill. 2006. “CFD Analysis of Hot Gas Ingestion Mechanisms for the Vertical Descent Phase of a Harrier Aircraft.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Environmental and Regulatory Affairs. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-90766
- Richardson, G. A., W. N. Dawes, and A. M. Savill. 2007. “An Unsteady, Moving Mesh CFD Simulation for Harrier Hot-Gas Ingestion Control Analysis.” Aeronautical Journal 111 (1117): 133–44. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004395
- Richardson, David A., and Jaan Liiva. 1970. Configuration Design Analysis of a Prop/Rotor Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0869949
- Riddle, D., R. Innis, J. Martin, and J. Cochrane. 1981. “Powered-Lift Takeoff Performance Characteristics Determined from Flight Test of the Quiet Short-Haul Research Aircraft /QSRA/.” In 1st Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1981-2409. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2409
- Rigatos, G. 2021. “A Nonlinear Optimal Control Approach for the Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Guidance, Navigation and Control 01 (03): 2150012. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737480721500126
- “Rigid-Body Flight Dynamics.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.005
- Riley, David, and Mark Drajeske. 1991. “Flying Qualities as a Roll Axis Agility Metric.” In 18th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1991-2884. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2884
- Riley, Donald R., Gautam H. Shah, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1989. Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Study of Reaction Control-Jet Effectiveness for Hover and Transition of a STOVL Fighter Concept. NASA-TM-4147. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900002435
- Riley, David, and David Wilson. 1990. “More on Cooper-Harper Pilot Rating Variability.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2822
- Rimmer, B. M. 1952. “Instrumentation of Aircraft for Flight Testing: A Review of Practical Problems Associated with the Recording of Instrument Readings in Flight.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 24 (1): 2–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb032120
- Rinehart, Stephen A. 1970. Study of Modification of Rotor Tip Vortex by Aerodynamic Means. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0704804
- Ring, Dan, and Mattias Henriksson. 2006. “Thrust Control for a Turbofan Engine Using Estimation.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Environmental and Regulatory Affairs. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2006-91251
- Ringland, Robert F. 1977. An Introduction to V/STOL Technology Affecting the Pilot’s Role. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada048214
- Ringland, R. F., and S. J. Craig. 1977. “Survey of Piloting Factors in V/STOL Aircraft with Implications for Flight Control System Design.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011168
- Risch, Timoth K., Gary B. Cosentino, Christopher D. Regan, Michael Kisska, and Norman Princen. 2009. “X-48B Flight Test Progress Overview.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090005939
- Ritter, Rodney L., Sydney E. Gurley, Lovrien Jr., and Clark E. 1971. Category II Performance and Flying Qualities Tests of the HH-53C Helicopter. Supplement. Cold Weather Hover Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0894406
- Rivera-Casillas, Peter, and Ian Dettwiller. 2024. Neural Ordinary Differential Equations for Rotorcraft Aerodynamics. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/48420
- Rizk, M. H. 1980a. Aerodynamic Effects of Nearly Uniform Slipstreams on Thin Wings in the Transonic Regime. NASA-CR-152351. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810009504
- Rizk, M. 1980b. “Propeller Slipstream/wing Interaction in the Transonic Regime.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-125. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-125
- Rizk, Magdi H., and Suresh Menon. 1987. “Numerical Investigation of V/STOL Jet Induced Interactions.” In NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center’s Ground-Effects Workship. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014980
- Rizzi, Arthur. 2010. “Modeling & Simulating Aircraft Stability & Control: SimSAC Project.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-8238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-8238
- Rizzi, A., and C. Purcell. 1985. “Numerical Experiment with Inviscid Vortex-Stretched Flow around a Cranked Delta Wing: Subsonic Speed.” In 3rd Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-4080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4080
- Rizzi, Arthur, and Charles Purcell. 1987. “Comparison of Euler and Navier-Stokes Solutions for Vortex Flow Overa Delta Wing.” In 5th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1987-2347. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2347
- Ro, Kapseong, and Jewel Barlow. 1996. “Flight Dynamics of an Integrated Active Control Transport Jet Aircraft.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-790. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-790
- Robbins, O. G. 1967. “V/STOL Aircraft Gas Turbine Requirements.” In ASME 1967 Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/67-gt-48
- Roberts, Leonard. 1964a. “Exhaust Jet — Dust Layer Interaction during a Lunar Landing.” In XIIIth International Astronautical Congress Varna 1962. Springer Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-4688-0_3
- Roberts, Sean C. 1964b. The Marvel Project, Part c. an Investigation of the Shrouded Propeller Propulsive System on the Marvellete Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0608187
- Roberts, D. W. 1989. A Zonal Method for Modeling Powered-Lift Aircraft Flow Fields. NASA-CR-177521. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890014916
- Roberts, L., and S. B. Anderson. 1977. “Toward a New V/STOL Generation.” Astronautics and Aeronautics 15. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780029162
- Roberts, L., and S. B. Anderson. 1981. V/STOL Aircraft and Fluid Dynamics. NASA-TM-81328. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820002156
- Roberts, L., and W. R. Deckert. 1982. Recent Progress in VSTOL Technology. NASA-TM-84238. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820025458
- Roberts, L., W. Deckert, and D. Hickey. 1981. “Recent Progress in V/STOL Aircraft Technology.” In AGARD The Impact of Mil. Appl. on Rotorcraft and V(STOL Aircraft Design. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810024601
- Roberts, Sean C., Michael R. Smith, and David G. Clark. 1966. Flight Test Evaluation of a Distributed Suction High-Lift Boundary Layer Control System on a Modified L-19 Liaison Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0635953
- Robertson, Eric D., Varun Chitta, D. Keith Walters, and Shanti Bhushan. 2014. “On the Vortex Breakdown Phenomenon in High Angle of Attack Flows over Delta Wing Geometries.” In Volume 1: Advances in Aerospace Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-39354
- Robins, A. W., F. L. Beissner Jr., C. S. Domack, and E. E. Swanson. 1985. Preliminary Performance of a Vertical-Attitude Takeoff and Landing, Supersonic Cruise Aircraft Concept Having Thrust Vectoring Integrated into the Flight Control System. NASA-CR-172530. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850010668
- Robinson, Dan. 2015. V-22 Osprey Joint Services Advanced Vertical Lift Aircraft (V-22). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad1019566
- Robinson, R. B., and M. L. Spearman. 1961. Effect of Vertical-Tail Modifications on the Static Stability Characteristics at a Mach Number of 2.2 of a Supersonic VTOL Airplane Model Having a Broad Fuselage and Small Delta Wings. NASA-TM-X-519. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630007289
- Rockwell, Donald. 1993. “Three-Dimensional Flow Structure on Delta Wings at High Angle-of-Attack: Experimental Concepts and Issues.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-550. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-550
- Rockwell, Donald O. 1994. Unsteady Structure of Leading-Edge Vortices on a Delta Wing. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada278988
- Rodenbaugh, W. L., and L. B. Veno. 1965. The Influential Variables of V/STOL Propulsion. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1965-4579
- Rodriguez-Alfaro, Luis H., Efrain Alcorta-Garcia, David Lara, and Gerardo Romero. 2015. “A Hamiltonian Approach to Fault Isolation in a Planar Vertical Take–Off and Landing Aircraft Model.” International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science 25 (1): 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1515/amcs-2015-0005
- Roelke, R. J., and Steve Zigan. 1972. “Design Studies of Lift Fan Engines Suitable for Use in Civilian VTOL Aircraft.” In ASME 1972 International Gas Turbine and Fluids Engineering Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/72-gt-65
- Rogers, Damian, and Luca Belluomini. 2026. “Dynamically Controlled Vertiport Operations for Different UAM Aircraft Combining Live Sensor Feedback and Predictive Downwash/Outwash Scenarios.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0173
- Rohit, Ram V. 2024. “Design, Analysis, and Simulation of the Hybrid Tri-Copter VTOL Tilt-Rotor UAV.” Revista Electronica de Veterinaria: 507–21. https://doi.org/10.69980/redvet.v24i4.1345
- Rohling, W. 1968. “Flying Qualities: An Integral Part of a Stability Augmentation System.” In 5th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1968-1066. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-1066
- Rohlmann, David, and Stefan Keye. 2015. “Stall Maneuver Simulation of an Elastic Transport Aircraft Based on Flight Test Data.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2570. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2570
- Rohrmeier, Kerry, Wenbin Wei, and David Ison. 2025. “Decoding the Vertiport: Planning for Urban Air Mobility.” Journal of Planning Literature 41 (1): 24–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/08854122251314481
- Rojas-Ramirez, Belem Isabel. n.d. “Modeling and Control of Aerial Vehicles Using Teleoperation with Input Delay.” PhD diss., Compiègne. https://doi.org/10.70675/a88f8992z0e02z40cezb5abzb31535a2fffd
- Rolls, L. S. 1960. Characteristics of a Deflected-Jet VTOL Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004819
- Rolls, L. S. 1965a. Jet VTOL Power Plant Experience during Flight Test of X-14A VTOL Research Vehicle. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660013004
- Rolls, L. S. 1965b. Ogee Wing Improves Low-Speed Characteristics of Deltas. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660037515
- Rolls, L. S. 1965c. Operational Experiences with the x-14a Deflected-Jet Vtol Aircraft. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650021531
- Rolls, L., and K. Aoyagi. 1977. “Experimental Investigations of Thrust Vectoring Systems for VTOL Aircraft.” In 13th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1977-805. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-805
- Rom, J., and R. Gordon. 1988. “High Angle of Attack Non-Linear Vortex Lattice Calculations of Canard-Wing.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-484. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-484
- Romeu, Ricardo. 2018. “Flight Control through Vectored Propulsion.” In 2018 AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2018-0765. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0765
- Rondon, Eduardo, Sergio Salazar, Juan Escareno, and Rogelio Lozano. 2013. Vision-Based Position Control of a Two-Rotor VTOL Mini UAV. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118599938.ch10
- Rooney, E., and C. Wilt. 1985. “Development of in-Flight Thrust Measurement Procedures for an Afterburning Turbofan Engine.” In 21st Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1985-1405. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1405
- Roosenboom, Eric, André Heider, and Andreas Schröder. 2007. “Propeller Slipstream Development.” In 25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2007-3810. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-3810
- Roosenboom, Eric, Arne Stürmer, and Andreas Schröder. 2009a. “Comparison of PIV Measurements with uRANS Calculations in a Propeller Slipstream.” In 27th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-3626. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3626
- Roscoe, Stanley N. 1948. “The Effect of Eliminating Binocular and Peripheral Monocular Visual Cues upon Airplane Pilot Performance in Landing.” Journal of Applied Psychology 32 (6): 649–62. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0055859
- Roscoe, Alan H. 1989. “Flight Deck Automation and Pilot Workload.” In Vigilance and Performance in Automatized Systems/Vigilance et Performance de l’Homme dans les Systèmes Automatisés. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0981-6_11
- Roscoe, Stanley N., Janice E. Eisele, and Craig A. Bergman. 1975. Advanced Integrated Aircraft Displays and Augmented Flight Control. Volume 1. Scientific Findings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada022459
- Roscoe, Alan H., and B. S. Grieve. 1986. “The Impact of New Technology on Pilot Workload.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/861773
- Roscoe, Alan H., and B. S. Grieve. 1988. “Assessment of Pilot Workload during Boeing 767 Normal and Abnormal Operating Conditions.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/881382
- Rose, Eugene S., and Dan M. 1952. Spin and Recovery Tests of a 1/28-SCALE Model of the YF-93A Airplane. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0014890
- Rosenberg, R., and G. Schuch. 1983. “The M.C.A.-Method, a Flight Test Technique to Determine Thrust of Jet Aircraft in Flight.” In 2nd Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1983-2749. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2749
- Rosenstein, Harald. 1989. “Conceptual Design of an Advanced V/STOL Special Electronic Mission Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the The Rotary Wing Aircraft Conceptual Design Process - Atlanta, Georgia, 1989. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_rotary_1989-2147
- Rosenstein, H., and R. Clark. 1986. “Aerodynamic Development of the V-22 Tilt Rotor.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2678. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2678
- Rosenstein, H., M. A. McVeigh, and P. A. Mollenkof. 1973a. V/STOL Tilt Rotor Aircraft Study Mathematical Model for a Real Time Simulation of a Tilt Rotor Aircraft (Boeing Vertol Model 222), Volume 8. NASA-CR-114601. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730023215
- Rosenstein, H., M. A. McVeigh, and P. A. Mollenkof. 1973b. V/STOL Tilt Rotor Aircraft Study. Volume 9: Piloted Simulator Evaluation of the Boeing Vertol Model 222 Tilt Rotor Aircraft. NASA-CR-114602. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730021280
- Rosenthal, Gordon, Norris Krone Jr., and Richard Carns. 1988. “A Special Mission V/STOL Transport Aircraft Study.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1988-4477. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4477
- Roskam, J. 1985. “Rapid Sizing Methods for Airplanes.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-4031. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4031
- Roskam, J., C. Van Dam, and M. Griswold. 1980. “Correlation of Predicted Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics with Full-Scale Wind Tunnel Data on the ATLIT Airplane.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-186. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-186
- Rossow, Vernon J. 1985. “Technical Notes: Thrust Changes Induced by Ground and Ceiling Planes on a Rotor in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 30 (3): 53–55. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.30.53
- Roth, Karlin R. 1993. “Transitional Flight Characteristics of a Geometrically Simplified STOVL Model.” In AGARD, Computational and Experimental Assessment of Jets in Cross Flow. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940023532
- Roth, S. P., R. J. Miller, and J. Mihaloew. 1980. “Future Challenges in V/STOL Flight Propulsion Control Integration.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810049766
- Rothhaar, Paul M., Patrick C. Murphy, Barton J. Bacon, et al. 2014. “NASA Langley Distributed Propulsion VTOL TiltWing Aircraft Testing, Modeling, Simulation, Control, and Flight Test Development.” In 14th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA 2014-2999. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2999
- Rotor in Vertical Flight: Momentum Theory and Wake Analysis. 2011. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119994114.ch2
- “Rotorcraft Aerodynamic.” 2002. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 74 (6). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2002.12774fac.001
- “Rotorcraft Handling Qualities Design.” 2011. In Eigenstructure Control Algorithms: Applications to aircraft/rotorcraft handling qualities design. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbce074e_ch11
- Rovere, Federico, Rene Steijl, and George N. Barakos. 2020. “CFD Analysis of a Micro Rotor in Ground Effect.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1793
- Row, Perry, and Jack Fischel. 1963. “Operational Flight-Test Experience with the X-15 Airplane.” In Space Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1963-75. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1963-75
- Rowley, Clancy. 2008. Unsteady Aerodynamic Models for Flight Control of Agile Micro Air Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada476708
- Rowley, Clarence W. 2010. Unsteady Aerodynamic Models for Flight Control of Agile Micro Air Vehicles. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada547432
- Roy, Maurice. 1966. “On the Rolling-up of the Conical Vortex Sheet above a Delta Wing.” Progress in Aerospace Sciences 7: 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-0421(66)90003-0
- Rubbert, P. E. 1969. Calculation of Jet Interference Effects on V/STOL Aircraft by a Nonplanar Potential Flow Method. Boeing Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700002534
- Rubel, A. 1978. “Computations of Jet Impingement on a Flat Surface.” In 16th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1978-207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-207
- Ruetten, Markus. 2018. “Numerical Investigation of Thrust Vectoring for a High-Aspect Ratio Nozzle of an Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-3340. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3340
- Runco, Carl C., and Moble Benedict. 2021. “Flight Dynamics Model Identification of a Meso-Scale Twin-Cyclocopter in Hover.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16703
- Runco, Carl, and Moble Benedict. 2023. “Flight Dynamics Model Identification of a Meso-Scale Twin-Cyclocopter in Hover.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 15: 17568293231206943. https://doi.org/10.1177/17568293231206943
- Rupert, Angus. 2008. “In-Flight Evaluation of Tactile Situational Awareness System during High Hover and Simulated Shipboard Landing.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7495. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7495
- Russell, Carl, and Sarah Conley. n.d. “The Multirotor Test Bed – a New NASA Test Capability for Advanced VTOL Rotorcraft Configurations.” In Vertical Flight Society’s 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205004029
- Russell, Carl, and Sarah Conley. 2020. “The Multirotor Test Bed: A New NASA Test Capability for Advanced VTOL Rotorcraft Configurations.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16370
- Russo, Raffaele, and Eric C. D. Tan. 2023. “All-Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft (eVTOL) for Sustainable Urban Travel.” In Sustainability Engineering. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003167693-13
- Rustagi, Vishvendra, Mangal Kothari, and Anindya Chatterjee. 2018. “Gyroscopic Stabilization of Flying Wing Aircraft.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0530. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0530
- Ryabinov, Artyom V., Anton I. Saveliev, and Dmitriy A. Anikin. 2023. “Modeling the Influence of External Influences on the Process of Automated Landing of a UAV-Quadcopter on a Moving Platform Using Technical Vision.” Modeling and Analysis of Information Systems 30 (4): 366–81. https://doi.org/10.18255/1818-1015-2023-4-366-381
- Ryabinov, A. V., A. I. Saveliev, and D. A. Anikin. 2024. “Modeling the Effect of External Actions on the Process of Automated Landing of a Quadcopter UAV on a Moving Platform Using Technical Vision.” Automatic Control and Computer Sciences 58 (7): 957–68. https://doi.org/10.3103/s014641162470038x
- Ryan, R., and M. Franke. 1991. “Dynamic Response of an Axisymmetric Thrust Vector Control Nozzle.” In 29th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1991-344. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-344
- Ryan, Charles E., C. R. Miller, N. E. Ward, and M. D. R. D. Schmidt. 1975. Turbine Engine Control Synthesis. Volume 1. Optimal Controller Synthesis and Demonstration. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada014229
- Rylko, Agata, Lorenzo Favaro, and Giuseppe Quaranta. 2025. “Sensitivity Analysis and Aerodynamic Modeling of eVTOL Low-Speed Predicted Handling Qualities.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 11th Biennial Autonomous VTOL (AVTOL) Technical Meeting, Phoenix, AZ Feb 2025. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5322
- Rynaski, E. 1985. “Flying Qualities in the Time Domain.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1985-1849. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1849
- Rynaski, E. 1994. “Multivariable Design to Directly Satisfy Flying Qualities.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3672. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3672
- Rynaski, E., N. Weingarten, and W. Grantham. 1986. “The Interpretation of Flying Qualities Requirements for Flight Control Design.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2249. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2249
- Ryseck, Peter, Elena Shrestha, Derrick W. Yeo, and Inderjit Chopra. 2023. “Energy-Aware Motion Planning Using Experimental Flight Data from a Tailsitter UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2670. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2670
- Ryseck, Peter, Derrick W. Yeo, Vikram Hrishikeshavan, and Inderjit Chopra. 2020. “Expanding the Mission Capabilities of a Quadrotor Biplane Tail-Sitter with Morphing Winglets.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1506. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1506
- Ryu, Shiyang, and Dominick Andrisani. 2000a. “Controller Design for Longitudinal Flying Qualities Improvement in Nonlinear Aircraft.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-3988. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3988
- Ryu, Shiyang, and Dominick Andrisani. 2000b. “Longitudinal Flying Qualities Prediction for Nonlinear Aircraft.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-3989. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3989
- Ryu, Hyunjee, Junyoung Lim, Hongju Lee, Gunhee Moon, and Kyunam Kim. 2024. “An Estimation Method for Vision-Based Autonomous Landing System for Fixed Wing Aircraft.” International Journal of Robotics Research 44 (6): 952–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/02783649241287229
- Saari, M. J. 1958. “Turbojet Lift Engine Design for Vtol Transports.” Canadian Aeronautical Journal 5. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650070833
- Sachs, Gottfried. 1990. “Flying Qualities Problems of Aerospace Craft.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2804. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2804
- Sacks, Alvin H., Jack N. Nielsen, and Frederick K. Goodwin. 1963. A Theory for the Low-Speed Aerodynamics of Straight and Swept Wings with Flow Separation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0406705
- Saddington, Alistair, Pedro Cabrita, and Kevin Knowles. 2002. “Unsteady Features of Twin-Jet STOVL Ground Effects.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-6014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-6014
- Saddington, Alistair, Kevin Knowles, and Pedro Cabrita. 2007. “Flow Visualization and Measurements in a Short Take of Vertical Landing Fountain Flow.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1402. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1402
- Sadik Aboud, Wajdi, Hayder S. Abd Al-Amir, Aseel A. Alhamdany, and Fahad M. Kadhim. 2023. “Overcome Uncertainties of Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Based on Optimal Sliding Mode Control.” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 29 (2): 703. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v29.i2.pp703-714
- Saemi, Farid, and Moble Benedict. 2023. Significance of Electric Motor Thermal Modeling for Aircraft Design. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-106
- Saephan, Syta, and C. P. van Dam. 2006a. “Determination of Dynamic Stability Information through Simulation of a Tumbling Tailless Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6131. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6131
- Saephan, Syta, and C. P. van Dam. 2006b. “Simulation of the Tumbling Behavior of Tailless Aircraft.” In 24th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2006-3321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-3321
- Saetti, Umberto. 2025. “Dynamic Inversion Flight Control Laws for Automatic Transition of Tilt-Rotor/Wing Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.70.032005
- Saetti, Umberto, Paulo Arias, and James D. Baeder. 2025. “Flight Dynamics and Control of a Transitioning Quadrotor Biplane Tailsitter.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 70 (4): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.70.042002
- Saetti, Umberto, and Jonathan Rogers. 2020. Probabilistic Assessment of Pilot-Vehicle System Performance and Perceived Vehicle Handling Qualities. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2020_hq-916
- Saetti, Umberto, and Jonathan Rogers. 2024. “Explicit Uncertainty Quantification for Probabilistic Assessment of Rotorcraft Handling Qualities.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 69 (4): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.69.042007
- Safaee, Ahmad, Antonio Paulo Moreira, and A. Pedro Aguiar. 2025a. “Design and Implementation of a RobustAutopilot for a Tethered Fixed-WingTail-Sitter VTOL Drone Using MIMOμ-Synthesis Control.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5947392
- Safi’i, Imam, Achmad C. Asyary, and Ony Arifianto. 2021. “Transition Flight Simulation of a Hybrid VTOL Fixed-Wing Drone.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2366. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0061425
- Safieh, Derek, Inderjit Chopra, and Vikram Hrishikeshavan. 2020. “Aerodynamic Investigation of Non-Planar Wing Configurations for Quadrotor Based Tail-Sitters.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16480
- Sagaga, Jared, and Seongkyu Lee. 2020. “CFD Hover Predictions for the Side-by-Side Urban Air Taxi Concept Rotor.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2795. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2795
- Sagaga, Jared, and Seongkyu Lee. 2025. “High-Fidelity Numerical Simulations of Side-by-Side Rotor with Ground Effect.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.70.032004
- Sagan, Daniel, Pranav Krishnamurthy, Mark Lau, Jude Augustine, and Brian German. 2021. “Trim of over-Actuated VTOL Aircraft in Transition.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3216
- Saghafi, Fariborz, and Afshin Banazadeh. 2006. “Dynamic Stability Study of a Conceptual Fluidic Thrust-Vectored Aerial Tail-Sitter.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6483. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6483
- Saghafi, Fariborz, and Afshin Banazadeh. 2007. “Transition Flight Feasibility of a Fluidic Thrust Vectored Aerial Tail-Sitter: Numerical Approach.” In Volume 1: Turbo Expo 2007. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-28198
- Sagoo, Girish Kumar. n.d. “Pilot in Loop Assessment of Fault Tolerant Flight Control Schemes in a Motion Flight Simulator.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.1918
- Saied, Majd. n.d. “Fault-Tolerant Control of an Octorotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle under Actuators Failures.” PhD diss., Compiègne. https://doi.org/10.70675/d1afc4a4z42afz47aczbfa9ze52b3550836f
- Saijo, Takashi, Balakrishnan Ganesh, A. Huang, and Narayanan Komerath. 2003. “Development of Unsteadiness in a Rotor Wake in Ground Effect.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3519. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3519
- Saj, Vishnu, Tasfia Kamal, Yen-Cheng Wang, et al. 2023. “A Model-Based Design Framework for Electric VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 79th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18066
- Sakai, Yoshihiro, and Masahumi Miwa. 2014. “712 Tailsitter VTOL Using Multi Rotor System.” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2014.52 (0): _712-1_-_712-2_. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2014.52._712-1_
- Salahudden, Salahudden, Henil Agrawal, Aditya Karnam, Anirban Roy, and Abhishek Singh. 2024b. “Flight Dynamics and Control of Tricopter VTOL and Tilt Rotor Transition to Fixed Wing.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4513. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4513
- Salahudden, Salahudden, Rakesh Kumar, and Tushar Siag. 2025. “Simultaneous Use of Thrust Vectoring and Optimally Deflected Fin for Aircraft Spin Recovery.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1053. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1053
- Salehian, Sam, M. Javed Khan, Chadia Aji, and Hakeem Balogun. 2025. “Numerical Simulation of Effect of Vectoring Jets on the Vortex Dominated Flow over a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2405. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2405
- Salehian, Sam, M. Javed Khan, Chadia A. Aji, Hakeem Balogun, and Antoine Smith. 2024. “Numerical Simulation of Effect of Vectoring Jets on the Vortex Dominated Flow over a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0301. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0301
- Salehian, Sam, Mohammad J. Khan, Chadia Aji, Antoine Smith, and Hakeem Balogun. 2022. “Hybrid RANS-LES Simulation of Vortex-Dominant Flow over a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0939. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0939
- Salimi, Mohsen, Rasoul Askari, and M. Hasani. 2022. “Computational Investigation of Effects of Side-Injection Geometry on Thrust-Vectoring Performance in a Fuel-Injected Dual Throat Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 15 (4). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.15.04.33354
- Salimi, Mohammad reza, Rasoul Askari, and Majid Hassani. 2023. “Aircraft Thrust Vector Control Using Variable Vanes; Numerical Simulation and Optimization.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-3340886/v1
- Salkind, Mj. 1973. “VTOL Aircraft.” In Applications of Composite Materials. ASTM International100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. https://doi.org/10.1520/stp34130s
- Sallee, G. P. 1964. “Needed Research and Development on V/STOL Powerplants for Navy Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/640344
- Samarth Pathak. 2025. “Design of Flying Wing Tail Sitter Contra-Rotating Propeller VTOL Sky Swift V1.0 UAV.” Journal of Informatics Education and Research 5 (2). https://doi.org/10.52783/jier.v5i2.3173
- Sambell, K. 1971. “Application of the Low Disc-Loading Proprotor to a Series of Aircraftfor the Short-Haul Market.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-781. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-781
- Samuels, Jeffrey J., and Gordon A. Payne. 1990. “Preliminary Assessment of a Supersonic STOVL Flight Research and Demonstration Aircraft.” In AHS, Annual Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910032586
- Sanders, K. 1964. “Optimum Vertifan Concepts for Tactical V/stol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-776. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-776
- Sandlin, D. 1983. “Flight Test of the HX-I Radio-Controlled Hybrid Airship.” In 5th Lighter-Than Air Conference. AIAA 1983-1992. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-1992
- Sandlin, Doral R., and Kipp E. Howard. 1991. The Power Induced Effects Module: A FORTRAN Code Which Estimates Lift Increments Due to Power Induced Effects for V/STOL Flight. NASA-CR-188081. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910020781
- Sandoval, Andres, and Wenlong Zhang. 2026. “Learning-Based Control for Quadrotor Vertical and Slanted Landing Operations under Ground Effect Disturbances.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1288. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1288
- Sankar, L., and N. Komerath. 1988. “Measurement and Computation of the Flow around the Tip of a Lifting Rotor Blade in Hover.” In 26th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1988-47. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-47
- Sankar, Lakshmi N., Ritu Marpu, Nathan S. Hariharan, and T. Alan Egolf. 2015. “Assessment of Planform Effects on Rotor Hover Performance.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1716. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1716
- Santhosh, S. 2023. “Insights on State of the Art and Perspectives of XR for Human Machine Interfaces in Advanced Air Mobility and Urban Air Mobility.” In Materials Research Proceedings, vol. 37. Materials Research Forum LLC. https://doi.org/10.21741/9781644902813-94
- Saputra, Abadi Dwi. 2017. “Pilot Metal Workload in Flight Operation: A Case Study of Indonesian Civilian Pilot.” Aceh International Journal of Science and Technology 6 (1): 37–43. https://doi.org/10.13170/aijst.6.1.5159
- Saraf, Amitabh, Girish Deodhare, and Debasish Ghose. 1998. “A Feedback Linearisation Based Nonlinear Controller Synthesis to Recover an Unstable Aircraft from Post-Stall Regime.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4206. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4206
- Sarames, G. 1967. “Urban Public Resources and VTOL Terminals.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-829. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-829
- Sargent, Pierson B., and Willem A. Anemaat. 2018. “Benchmarking a Robust Panel Code for Ducted Fan VTOL Aircraft Design.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-4212. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4212
- Sarigul-Klijn, Nesrin, and Jonathan Huber. 2006. “In-Flight Reconfigurable Autopilot for Unmanned Aircraft: Hardware Development and Flight Test Results.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6507. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6507
- Saripalli, K. 1985. “Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements in a 3-D Impinging Twin-Jet Fountain Flow.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-4036. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-4036
- Saripalli, K. R. 1987a. “Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements in 3-D Impinging Twin-Jet Fountain Flows.” In Turbulent Shear Flows 5. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71435-1_14
- Saripalli, K. R. 1987b. “Laser Doppler Velocimeter Measurements in a 3-D Impinging Twin-Jet Fountain Flow.” In NASA. Ames Research Center Proceedings of the 1985 NASA Ames Research Center’s Ground-Effects Workship. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870014979
- Saripalli, K. 1995. “Ground Tests of Hovering V/STOL Aircraft and NOTAR Helicopters in the Hover Research Facility at McDonnell Douglas Aerospace.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-112. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-112
- Saripalli, Srikanth. 2009. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing of an Helicopter on a Moving Target.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-5660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5660
- Saripalli, K., J. Flood, G. Moss, K. Saripalli, J. Flood, and G. Moss. 1997. “Inlet Hot Gas Ingestion (HGI) and Its Control in V/STOL Aircraft.” In 1997 World Aviation Congress. AIAA 1997-5517. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1997-5517
- Saripalli, K., and J. Kroutil. 1985. “A Novel Experimental Facility for Conducting Jet Impingement Studiesrelated to VTOL Aircraft.” In 23rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1985-52. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-52
- Sarker, Ripon, Anup Pudasaini, Pratribha Bhandari, et al. 2026. “Design, Development, and Subscale Flight Testing of an Emergency Response eVTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Lift Aircraft Design and Aeromechanics Specialists Conference, San Jose, California, Jan 2026. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5186
- Sarrafian, S. 1984. “Simulator Evaluation of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Lateral Landing Task Using a Visual Display.” In 11th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1984-2095. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-2095
- Sarwar, Md Gulam, Syed Shoaib Mohd, Senthil Kumar Raman, and Saista Tabssum. 2024. “Detailed Study of Delta Wing Aerodynamics.” In Advances in Aerospace Technologies. River Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1201/9788770046299-3
- Sato, Sho, Mark Drela, Jeffrey Lang, and David Otten. 2009. “Design and Characterization of Hover Nano Air Vehicle Propulsion System.” In 27th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-3962. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3962
- Sato, J., K. Fujii, D. Umezawa, and Y. Sunada. 1993. “Experimental Aerodynamics on Rolling Delta Wings at High Angles of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_30
- Saucez, Manuel. n.d. “Handling Qualities Resolution of the Airbus Flying Wing.” PhD diss., Toulouse, ISAE. https://doi.org/10.70675/f03a0681z9efcz414ez8944zcc71830d8acb
- Sawata, Tadashi, and Andrei Dinu. 2025. Application of Machine Learning to Maximize Power Density of Propulsion Motors for VTOL Applications. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avtol_2025-5317
- Sawatdipon, Luk, Chinnapat Thipyopas, Vis Sripawadkul, and Tossapol Chayanon. 2020. “A Preliminary Design by Using Optimization for Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” Journal of King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok 30 (4). https://doi.org/10.14416/j.kmutnb.2020.04.004
- Sawron, Md Sadat Shahrier. 2026. “Standardized Mid-Fidelity Aerodynamic Comparison of Four Tiltrotor eVTOL Configurations Using SUAVE and VSPAero.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/8181
- Schade, R. O. 1968. “VTOL Aircraft Terminal Area Operations Research.” In SOCIETY OF AUTOMOTIVE ENGINEERS. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680064091
- Schade, Robert O., Charles C. Smith Jr., and P. M. Lovell Jr. 1954. Take-Off and Landing Characteristics of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane in Steady Winds, TED No. NACA DE 368. NACA-RM-SL54E28. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050028505
- Schaefer, Carl G. 2016. LightningStrike VTOL X-Plane Program. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2016_tvf-3360
- Schaefer, R., and K. Velten. 1970. “Operational Constraints for STOL Aircraft.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1283. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1283
- Schaeffler, Norman, and Demetri Telionis. 1996. “Apex Flap Control of Dynamic Delta Wing Maneuvers.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-662. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-662
- Schaeffler, Norman, and Demerti Telionis. 1998. “Dynamic Delta Wing Pitch-up Control via Apex Flaps.” In 36th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-673. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-673
- Scher, Stanley H. 1947. Preliminary Evaluation of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of the Douglas XF3D-1 Airplane. NACA-RM-L7F18. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019396
- Schiefele, Jens, Oliver Albert, Kai Uwe Doerr, Martin Kelz, and Norman Schmidt-Winkel. 1999. “Evaluation of Required HMD Resolution and Field of View for a Virtual Cockpit Simulation.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 3689, edited by Ronald J. Lewandowski, Loran A. Haworth, Henry J. Girolamo. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.352824
- Schierbrock, Aaron J., and Timothy T. Takahashi. 2021. “Reconstruction of Flight-Path Dependent Aircraft Point-Performance, Stability & Control from Public Flight Data.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0325. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0325
- Schiltgen, Benjamin, Michael Green, Jeffrey Freeman, and Andrew Gibson. 2014. “Terminal Area Operations for Hybrid Electric Distributed Propulsion.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 86 (6): 584–90. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2014-0047
- Schirmer, Alberto, and Francis Capone. 1989. “Parametric Study of a Simultaneous Pitch/yaw Thrust Vectoring Singleexpansion Ramp Nozzle.” In 25th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1989-2812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2812
- Schkoda, Ryan, and Agamemnon Crassidis. 2007. “Dynamic Inversion Control for Non-Square Systems with Application to Aircraft Longitudinal Control.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6308. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6308
- Schmalzel, M., P. Varghese, and I. Wygnanski. n.d. “Steady and Oscillatory Flow Control Tests for Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design (NNFM). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71439-2_12
- Schmidt, John L., Huan Xu, and Anubhav Datta. 2025. “Experimental Exploration of Hybrid-Electric Power for VTOL Aeromechanics Design.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0899. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0899
- Schmitz, F. 1969. “Takeoff Trajectory Optimization of a Theoretical Model of a STOL Aircraft.” In Aerospace Computer Systems Conference. AIAA 1969-935. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-935
- Schmitz, Maximilian, Marius Walters, Moritz Taron, and Christian Eschmann. 2026. “Adapting Automotive Fuel Cell Technology for Next-Generation VTOL Light Aircraft: Challenges and Opportunities.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0221
- Schneider, John. 1989. “Advanced V/STOL Attack Aircraft Design/operations Trade-off.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1989-2116. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2116
- Schneider, Leo, Toufik Souanef, and James F. Whidborne. 2024. “Cascaded Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Trajectory Following for a Stratospheric Airship in Wind.” Unmanned Systems 13 (04): 1185–1202. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385025500748
- Schneider, Garret, and George Watt. 1988. “Minimum Time Turns Using Vectored Thrust.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4070. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4070
- Schneider, John, and Joseph Wilkerson. 1990a. “Advanced Rotorcraft V/STOL: Rotary Wing with Airplane Qualities.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f46-1038
- Schneider, John, and Joseph Wilkerson. 1990b. “Advanced Rotorcraft V/STOL: Technology Needs for High-Speed Rotorcraft.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Operations Conference. AIAA 1990-3298. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3298
- Schnell, W. C. 1982. Axisymmetric and Non-Axisymmetric Exhaust Jet Induced Effects on a V/STOL Vehicle Design. Part 3: Experimental Technique. NASA-CR-166147. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820023426
- Schnell, W., and R. Grossman. 1978. “Vectoring Non-Axisymmetric Nozzle Jet Induced Effects on a V/STOL Fighter Model.” In 14th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1978-1080. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1080
- Schnell, W. C., and G. W. Ordonez. 1981. Axisymmetric & Non-Axisymmetric Exhaust Jet Induced-Effects on a V/STOL Vehicle Design. Part 1: Data Presentation. NASA-CR-166146. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810016529
- Scholz, Dieter. 2021. “The Specific Fuel Consumption of Aircraft Engines (TSFC versus PSFC).” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/gyt7u
- Schöne, J. 1988. “A Doublet Point Method for the Calculation of Unsteady Propeller Aerodynamics.” In Panel Methods in Fluid Mechanics with Emphasis on Aerodynamics. Vieweg+Teubner Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-13997-3_19
- Schoser, Jakob, Miguel Cuadrat-Grzybowski, and Saullo G. Castro. 2022. “Preliminary Control and Stability Analysis of a Long-Range eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1029. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1029
- Schrage, D., and S. Meyer. 1986. “VTOL Operational Considerations and Their Impact on Future Military Design Requirements.” In Aircraft Systems, Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1986-2649. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2649
- Schrage, Daniel, Apinut Sirirojvisuth, and Robert Walters. 2018b. “Functional Safety Management Approach for Certification of Evolving eVTOL Air Taxi Concepts.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 74th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12873
- Schrage, Daniel P., Kaydon A. Stanzione, and Apinut Sirirojvisuth. 2018a. “Assessing the Impact of Hybrid Distributed Electric Propulsion on VTOL Aircraft Design and System Effectiveness.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12675
- Schreiter, Karolin, Simon Müller, Robert Luckner, and Dietrich Manzey. 2017. “Enhancing Manual Flight Precision and Reducing Pilot Workload Using a New Manual Control Augmentation System for Energy Angle.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2017-1026. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1026
- Schroeder, Jeffery, William Chung, Duc Tran, Soren Laforce, and Norman Bengford. 1998. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Prediction with Three Levels of Simulation Motion Displacement.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4333. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4333
- Schroeder, Jeffrey A., Walter W. Johnson, and Robert D. Showman. 1994. Vertical Axis Rotational Motion Cues in Hovering Flight Simulation. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20010044245
- Schroeder, J., and V. Merrick. 1990. “Flight Evaluations of Several Hover Control and Display Combinationsfor Precise Blind Vertical Landings.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3479. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3479
- Schroijen, Marcel, and Ronald Slingerland. 2007. “Propeller Slipstream Effects on Directional Aircraft Control with One Engine Inoperative.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1046. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1046
- Schröter, S., E. J. J. Smeur, and B. D. W. Remes. 2023. “Design and Joint Control of a Conjoined Biplane and Quadrotor.” Unmanned Systems 12 (03): 579–88. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385024430039
- Schuerch, H. U. 1953. “Delta Wing Design Analysis.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/530158
- Schuette, Andreas, and Mehdi Ghoreyshi. 2026. “Numerical Performance Studies on a Multi-Delta Wing Fighter Configuration.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2102. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2102
- Schuldenfrei, Marvin J. 1942. Jet-Boundary Corrections to the Downwash behind Powered Models in Rectangular Wind Tunnels with Numerical Values for 7- by 10-Foot Closed Wind Tunnels. NACA-WR-L-711. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092661
- Schuler, J. 1983. “New Flying Qualities Criteria for Relaxed Static Longitudinal Stability.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2104. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2104
- Schultz, Karl, Braden McGrath, Bob Cheung, Greg Craig, Sion Jennings, and Angus Rupert. 2009. “In-Flight Evaluation of Tactile Situational Awareness System during High Hover and Simulated Shipboard Landing.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-6122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6122
- Schulz, Hanns-Walter, Marco Buschmann, Lars Krüger, Stefan Winkler, and Peter Vörsmann. 2005. “Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for Small UAVs: First Experimental Results.” In Infotech@Aerospace. AIAA 2005-6980. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-6980
- Schulz, Hanns-Walter, and Peter Vörsmann. 2007. “Towards Vision-Based Autonomous Landing for Small UAVs: Hardware and Control Algorithms.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2007 Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-2851. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-2851
- Schumacher, Lloyd E. 1952. A Method for Evaluating Aircraft Stability Parameters from Flight Test Data. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada075866
- Schumacher, William. 1970. “An Investigation of the Trailing Vortex System Generated by a Jet-Flapped Wing Operating at High Wing Lift Coefficients.” In Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Environmental Effects on VTOL Designs - Arlington, Texas 1970. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-1695
- Schumacher, Corey. 1999. “Adaptive Flight Control Using Dynamic Inversion and Neural Networks.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-4086. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4086
- Schuppr, T. F. 1989. “A Comparison of Serial and Parallel Processing Simulation Models of Pilot Workload.” In Proceedings of the 21st conference on Winter simulation - WSC ‘89. ACM Press. https://doi.org/10.1145/76738.76866
- Schwaiger, Meinhard, and David Wills. 2016. “D-Dalus VTOL – Efficiency Increase in Forward Flight.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 88 (5): 594–604. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-04-2015-0104
- Schwartz, R., and J. Shearer. 1964. “Control Display Subsystem Requirements for High Performance V/stol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-773. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-773
- Schwarz, Clemens, André Bauknecht, Claus Wolf, Alexander Coyle, and Markus Raffel. 2019. “A Full-Scale Rotor-Wake Investigation of a Free-Flying Helicopter in Ground Effect Using BOS and PIV.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14515
- Schwarz, Clemens, André Bauknecht, C. Christian Wolf, Alexander Coyle, and Markus Raffel. 2020. “A Full-Scale Rotor-Wake Investigation of a Free-Flying Helicopter in Ground Effect Using BOS and PIV.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 65 (3): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.65.032007
- Schwerd, Simon, and Axel Schulte. 2021. “Situation Awareness Adaptive Alerting in an Aircraft Cockpit: A Simulator Study.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/osf.io/9gmnv
- Schwoerer, Roger F. 1978. “High-Performance VTOL for over-the-Horizon Targeting.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f34-009
- Scicluna, Leo, Tonio Sant, and Robert N. Farrugia. 2019. “Investigation of Wind Flow Conditions on the Flight Endurance of UAVs in Hovering Flight: A Preliminary Study.” In ASME 2019 2nd International Offshore Wind Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/iowtc2019-7514
- Scientific and Technical Information Division. 1966. Conference on V/STOL and STOL Aircraft. NASA-SP-116. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015317
- Scontre, Silmara, Thiago Fernandes Lima, Bruno Pereira Diniz, Daniel Augusto de Moura Pereira, and Marcos dos Santos. 2026. “A CRITIC-WISP Multicriteria Framework for Sustainable Vertiport Planning in Urban Air Mobility: Operational, Socio-Environmental, and Decision Analysis.” In Simpósio de Engenharia de Produção - SIMEP, vol. 14. Even3. https://doi.org/10.29327/23189258.1524158
- Scott, Charles. 1970. V/STOL Flight Director Systems. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-4880
- Scott, Mark. 2021. “Military Mission Suitability Assessment of eVTOL Aircraft Configurations.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16737
- Scully, Mike. 2018. Adventures in Low Disc Loading VTOL Design. NASA/TP-2018-219981. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180007293
- Seaberg, John D., Jerry R. Etter, and Louis R. Records. 1972. “Remotely Piloted Vehicle Technology.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/720857
- Seanor, Brad A. n.d. “Flight Testing of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle for Aircraft Parameter Estimation Purposes.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.2470
- Seckel, Edward. 1964. “Other VTOL Configurations.” In Stability and Control of Airplanes and Helicopters. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-634450-9.50029-4
- Sedlock, Dennis. 1985. Improved Statistical Analysis Method for Prediction of Maximum Inlet Distortion. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada153767
- Seher-Weiß, Mark B. Tischler, Pavle Šćepanović, and Arthur W. Gubbels. 2020. “Bell 412 System Identification and Model Fidelity Assessment for Hover and Forward Flight.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 66 (1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.66.012004
- Seidman, Oscar, and William H. McAvoy. 1940. Spin Tests of a Low-Lying Monoplane in Flight and in the Free-Spinning Wind Tunnel. NACA-TN-769. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930081616
- Sekar, Chandra, Ramraj Sundararaj, Rajat Arora, and Abhijit Kushari. 2021. “Analysis of Failed Startup Sequence of a Single Spool Turbojet Engine.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1115/1.0002966v
- Sekino, S., and M. Maki. 2024. “A Flow-Field Integrated Flight Control: Dynamic Wind Tunnel Testing and Simulation.” Aeronautical Journal 128 (1329): 2451–82. https://doi.org/10.1017/aer.2024.56
- Selection Methods for Operators of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems. 2016. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118965900.ch6
- Selegan, David R. 1983. “STOL Fighter Technology Program.” In Volume 2: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/83-gt-243
- Selig, Michael. 2010. “Modeling Propeller Aerodynamics and Slipstream Effects on Small UAVs in Realtime.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7938. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7938
- Sellam, Mohamed, Amer Chpoun, Vladeta Zmijanovic, and Viviana Lago. 2012. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring of an Axisymmetrical Nozzle: An Analytical Model.” International Journal of Aerodynamics 2 (2/3/4): 193. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijad.2012.049112
- Sellappan, Sivakumar Nallappan, Anggy Pradiftha Junfithrana, Priyanka E. Bhaskaran, Fabrobi Ridha, Manivel Chinnappandi, and Thangavel Subramaniam. 2025. “Analysis of Quadrotor Design UAV Utilizing Biplane Configuration with NACA Airfoils.” In The 7th International Global Conference Series on ICT Integration in Technical Education & Smart Society. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025107109
- Sellars, Nick, Norman Wood, and Andrew Kennaugh. 2002. “Delta Wing Circulation Control Using the Coanda Effect.” In 1st Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2002-3269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3269
- Sellers, J., C. Hart, and J. Mihaloew. 1977. “Analysis of Control Concepts for Gas and Shaft-Coupled V/STOL Aircraft Lift Fan Systems.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-611. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-611
- Sellers, J. F., and J. R. Szuch. 1973. “Control of Turbofan Lift Engines for VTOL Aircraft.” In ASME. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730007088
- Selman, Abdulrazzak. 2023. “New Backstepping Control of Nonlinear Uncertain Systems with Application to the Vtol Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4346426
- Sen, J. K. 1990a. Advanced Technology Landing Gear. Volume 1 Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227196
- Sen, J. K. 1990b. Advanced Technology Landing Gear. Volume 2. Test. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada227197
- Sen, Gu, Fang Ke, and Wu Changxu. 2025. “Pilot Performance Modelling of Carrier-Based Aircraft Landing Missions with Applications in Human-Machine Systems Design.” Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 69 (1): 1139–44. https://doi.org/10.1177/10711813251368823
- Senkans, Emils, Max Skuhersky, Markus Wilde, and Brian Kish. 2020. “A First-Principle Power and Energy Model for eVTOL Vehicles.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1008
- Seraj, Sabet, and Joaquim R. Martins. 2021. “Predicting the High Angle of Attack Characteristics of a Delta Wing at Low Speed.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2612. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2612
- Seren, Thomas, and Mirko Hornung. 2023. “Object-Oriented Multi Fidelity Aircraft Design Tool for Fixed Wing eVTOL UAVs.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4396. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4396
- Serkin, B. A. 2025. “Modernization of an Aircraft-Type UAV to Ensure Vertical Takeoff and Landing.” Izvestiâ vysših učebnyh zavedenij. Priborostroenie 68 (1): 50–55. https://doi.org/10.17586/0021-3454-2025-68-1-50-55
- Serovy, George K., and Patrick Kavanagh. 1974. Duct Flow Analysis Methods for V/STOL Propulsion System Applications. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada016017
- Sethi, Nikhil, Saurav Ahlawat, and Raghava Nallanthighal. 2021. “Low Fidelity VTOL UAV Design Optimization Using an Open Source Framework.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-177910/v1
- Setiawan, Suhartono. n.d. “Design, Flight Dynamic Analysis and Hover Control of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Micro Air Vehicle.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/19010
- Setiawarman, Bevan Bintang, and Rianto Adhy Sasongko. 2026. “Reinforcement Learning-Based Speed and Altitude Control System for Tilting Rotor UAV in Transition Flight.” Guidance, Navigation and Control: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737480726400078
- Setoguchi, Nao, and Masahiro Kanazaki. 2020. “Low-Speed and High Angle of Attack Aerodynamic Characteristics of Supersonic Business Jet with Forward Swept Wing.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0534. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0534
- Seung, Myeonghun, Sanghyuck Han, Jongchul Kim, and Hyeon Cheol Gong. 2017. “Development of the Multi-Propeller Based Attitude Control Method for VTOL Type Compound Aircraft.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences 45 (6): 455–62. https://doi.org/10.5139/jksas.2017.45.6.455
- Sevostyanov, I. E., Dmitry Devitt, Daniil Trihleb, and Anastasiia Antonovna Baranova. 2022. “UAV VISUAL POSITIONING SYSTEM FOR HIGH-PRECISION AUTONOMOUS LANDING.” Проблемы машиностроения и автоматизации, no. 2: 124–30. https://doi.org/10.52261/02346206_2022_2_124
- Sforza, Pasquale. 2014. “Landing Gear Design.” In Commercial Airplane Design Principles. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-419953-8.00007-3
- Sforza, P., and M. Smorto. 1980. “Streamwise Development of the Flow over a Delta Wing.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-200. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-200
- Shafer, C. 1970. “An Airline Pilot’s View of Airline Flying versus STOL Flying.” In 7th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1970-1282. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-1282
- Shafer, M., R. Smith, J. Stewart, and R. Bailey. 1983. “Flight Test Experience with Pilot-Induced-Oscillation Suppressor Filters.” In 10th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1983-2107. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2107
- Shahmiri, Farid. 2017. “Twin-Rotor Hover Performance Examination Using Overlap Tests.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 89 (1): 155–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2015-0032
- Shaik, Arshad Basha. 2026. “Certifiability-Aware Vision-Assisted Decision-Support Framework for Reliable Vertiport Identification in Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) Operations.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4751. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4751
- Shain, W. M. 1978. Test Data Report, Low Speed Wind Tunnel Tests of a Full Scale Lift/cruise-Fan Inlet, with Engine, at High Angles of Attack. NASA-CR-152055. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011106
- Shandor, M., and R. E. Walker. 1962. Theoretical Performance of Selected Fluid Injectants for Thrust Vector Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0406683
- Shankar, Shivani, Pratulya Rajan, Vachaspathy Polepeddi, Siddhant Desai, and Henry Vu. 2026. “Numerical Studies of the NASA Tiltwing Multi-Rotor Conceptual Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0481. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0481
- Shankar, Praveen, Rama Yedavalli, and David Doman. 2003. “Dynamic Inversion via State Dependent Riccati Equation Approach: Application to Flight Vehicles.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5361. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5361
- Shankar, Praveen, Rama Yedavalli, and David Doman. 2004. “Stability Domain Estimation for Dynamic Inversion Embedded SDRE Flight Controller.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4871. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4871
- Shanks, Robert E., and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1959. Low-Speed Measurements of Static and Oscillatory Lateral Stability Derivatives of a 1/5 Scale Model of a Jet-Powered Vertical-Attitude VTOL Research Airplane. NASA-TM-X-143. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980235622
- Shanks, Robert E., and Charles C. Smith Jr. 1960. Low-Speed Measurements of Static and Oscillatory Lateral Stability Derivatives of a 1/5-Scale Model of a Jet-Powered Vertical-Attitude VTOL Research Airplane. NASA-TN-D-433. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980230619
- Shao, Shuai, Zheng Guo, Yafei Mei, Gaowei Jia, and Xianzhong Gao. 2024. “Numerical Virtual Flight Simulation of Roll Control of a Flying-Wing Aircraft Using Trailing-Edge Jets.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5041226
- Shao, Haoyuan, Zi Kan, Yifeng Wang, Daochun Li, Zhuoer Yao, and Jinwu Xiang. 2023. “Dynamic Analysis and Numerical Simulation of Arresting Hook Engaging Cable in Carried-Based Aircraft Landing.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202305.1787.v1
- Sharma, Tanuj, Djamel Rezgui, and Branislav Titurus. 2025b. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation into the Dynamic Characteristics of a Tilting Multirotor System.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5959702
- Sharpe, Peter, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2019. “Numerical Analysis of Propeller-Wing Interaction in Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3691. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3691
- Shastry, Abhishek, Inderjit Chopra, and Anubhav Datta. 2021. “Vision-Based Autonomous UAS Landing on a Stochastically Moving Platform.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16867
- Shaw, A. I. R. 1960. “Deck Landing.” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 64 (593): 273–76. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0368393100072655
- Shearwood, Thomas R., Mostafa R. Nabawy, William Crowther, and Clyde Warsop. 2021. “A Control Allocation Method to Reduce Roll-Yaw Coupling on Tailless Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1826. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1826
- Sheesley, Donald G., Thomas A. Holler, Stephen P. McIlvaine, Frederick C. Bivetto, and C. T. Owens. 2003. A Limited Evaluation of off-Boresight Flight Reference Symbologies for Fixed Wing Aircraft Helmet-Mounted Displays. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada418161
- Shen, L., and Y. Qin. 1986. “An Investigation of Improving High Angle of Attack Performance and Flap Effectiveness of a Configuration with Delta Wing by Spanwise Blowing.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1777
- Shen, Xinmin, and Xiaoqing Zhu. 2023. “A Y-Shaped Tilting Wing UAV for Vertical Take-off and Landing Cargo.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2640 (1): 012005. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2640/1/012005
- Sheng, Chunhua, Jingyu Wang, and Qiuying Zhao. 2015. “S-76 Rotor Hover Predictions Using Advanced Turbulence Models.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1715. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1715
- Sheng, Chunhua, and Qiuying Zhao. 2025. “Hybrid RANS-LES Simulation for HVAB Rotor in Hover and Descent Flight.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-1843. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-1843
- Sheng, Chunhua, and Qiuying Zhao. 2026. Computational Investigation of a Multirotor eVTOL Undergoing Hover, Forward, and Maneuvering Flight. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5179
- Sheng, Chunhua, Qiuying Zhao, and Jingyu Wang. 2014. “S-76 Rotor Hover Prediction Using U2NCLE Solver.” In 52nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2014-0044. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-0044
- Shepheard, Fred W. 1965. Wind Tunnel Test of 1/7 Scale Model OV-1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0630924
- Sherbaum, V., and M. Lichtsinder. 1998. “Jet Deflection Angles in Military, Civil and RPV Thrust Vectoring Aircraft.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 15 (2). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.1998.15.2.91
- Sheridan, A. 1985. “Study of Turbine Bypass Remote Augmentor Lift System for V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design Systems and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1985-3086. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-3086
- Sherman, E. W. 1964. “Studies of VTOL Inlet Temperature Rise and Lift-Thrust.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640237
- Sherrieb, H. 1978. “Ground Effects Testing of Two, Three, and Four Jet Configurations.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1978-1510. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1510
- Sheth, Kapil. 2023. “VAMOS! A Regional Modeling and Simulation System for Vertiport Location Assessment.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3412. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3412
- Shi, Jingwei. 2014. “Performance Estimation for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle Coupled with Aero-Engine.” In 50th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2014-3771. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-3771
- Shi, Jingwei, ZhongHao Hui, Li Zhou, and Zhanxue Wang. 2024a. “Investigation on the Flow Mechanism and Dynamic Response Performance of Efficient Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Serpentine Nozzle.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-126499
- Shi, Jiekai, Wei Li, Fang Wang, and Jie Bai. 2023. “Robust Stabilized Control for Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (eVTOL) Fixed-Wing Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/2023-01-7104
- Shi, Wei, Deng Xueying, Yankui Wang, and Qian Li. 2014. “Experimental Study on Quasi-Limit-Cycle Wing Rock of a Chined Forebody Configuration at High Angle of Attack.” In 32nd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2014-2309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2309
- Shigemi, M. 1993. “Numerically Simulated Flow Separation on Airfoil of High Angle of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_6
- Shim, SeongWoo, Chihyun Ahn, Yooho Chang, et al. 2023. “Weight Fraction Estimation for EVTOL Vehicle Sizing.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3843. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3843
- Shimizu, Tomofumi, and Masafumi Miwa. 2018. “Transition Control of Quad Tilt Rotor Type VTOL.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2018 (0): 1P1-A07. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2018.1p1-a07
- Shimizu, Tomofumi, and Masafumi Miwa. 2019. “Transition Flight Control of Quad Tilt Rotor Type VTOL.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2019 (0): 1P2-O04. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2019.1p2-o04
- Shinozuka, Atsushi, Shota Taniguchi, Kanako Yasue, Ryota Fukuchi, and Akira Oyama. 2024. “Aerodynamic Analysis of Tandem Tilt-Wing eVTOL Aircraft in Cruise and Transition Flight.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2312. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2312
- Shipman, J. 2014a. Pilot-in-the-Loop Method Development. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada609969
- Shipman, J. 2014b. Pilot-in-the-Loop Method Development (2012 Basic and Applied Research in Sea-Based Aviation). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada609968
- Shivanapura Lakshmikanth, Geethalakshmi, Scott Reed, John Watkins, and James E. Steck. 2013. “Single Network Adaptive Critic Aided Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion with Optimal Control Modification for Fast Adaptation of MRAC Flight Control.” In AIAA Infotech@Aerospace (I@A) Conference. AIAA 2013-5208. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-5208
- Shivers, J. P. 1970. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Various Small- Scale Rotor/wing Configurations for VTOL Composite Aircraft in the Cruise Mode. NASA-TN-D-5945. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710001550
- Shollenberger, C. A. 1978. Analytical Study of STOL Aircraft in Ground Effect. Part 2: Nonplanar, Nonlinear Method Applicable to Three Dimensional Jets of Finite Thickness. NASA-CR-152088-PT-2. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010571
- Shollenberger, C. A., and D. N. Smyth. 1978. Analytical Study of STOL Aircraft in Ground Effect. Part 1: Nonplanar, Nonlinear Wing/jet Lifting Surface Method. NASA-CR-152087-PT-1. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810010570
- Shovlin, M. D., and B. J. Gambucci. 1978. Effect of High Lift Flap Systems on the Conceptual Design of a 1985 Short-Haul Commercial STOL Tilt Rotor Transport. NASA-TM-78474. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780013151
- Shriki, Udi, Oren Gal, and Yerach Doytsher. 2020. “Drone Autonomous Landing on a Moving Maritime Platform Using Machine Learning Classifiers.” International Journal of Data Science and Advanced Analytics 2 (2): 30–35. https://doi.org/10.69511/ijdsaa.v2i2.80
- Shruti, K., and M. Sivapragasam. 2021. “Numerical Investigation on the Effect of Propeller Slipstream on the Performance of Wing at Low Reynolds Numbers.” In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9601-8_9
- Shubert, Martin, and Mike Jones. 2025. Preliminary Findings from FAA Sponsored Flight Tests of Handling Qualities Task Elements for VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_handling_2025-5291
- Shubert, Martin, David Sizoo, and Michael Jones. 2026. “Accident Survey of Fly-by-Wire Powered-Lift Aircraft toward Understanding Variable Configuration eVTOL Aircraft Certification Risks.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 71 (4): 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.71.042008
- Shukla, Harshit, S. Mitra, and H. Bhardwaj. 2026. “Advanced Fluidic Thrust Vectoring with Dual Throat Nozzle: Achieving Superior Thrust Vectoring Angle and Efficiency with Dual Port Injection.” International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 53 (1): 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.2025058570
- Shumpert, P. K., and J. G. Tibbetts. 1969. Model Tests of Jet Induced Lift Effects on a VTOL Aircraft in Hover. NASA-CR-1297. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690012115
- Shweyk, Kamal, David Hyde, Kristen Levengood, and Cale Zeune. 2012. “Validation of the Flight Control System of a Conceptual, Powered-Lift, Speed-Agile, Transport Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2012-4579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4579
- Shweyk, Kamal, and Gary Weltz. 2005. “Design and Validation of Flight Control Law Changes Intended to Minimize Pilot-Induced Oscillations in a Large Transport Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-5812. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5812
- Shynkarenko, Olexiy, Artur Elias De Morais Bertoldi, Jungpyo Lee, and Patrick Christian Melo. 2024. Development and Testing of a Thrust Vector Control System for a Hybrid Rocket Engine. https://doi.org/10.52202/078369-0005
- Sickles, William E. 1964. Preliminary Studies of the Application of Peripheral Fans to Ground Effect Machines. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0600513
- Siclari, M., W. Hill Jr., R. Jenkins, and D. Migdal. 1980. “VTOL in-Ground Effect Flows for Closely Spaced Jets.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1880. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1880
- Siclari, M., D. Migdal, and J. Palcza. 1975. “The Development of Theoretical Models for Jet-Induced Effects on V/STOL Aircraft.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1216
- Siddiqi, Shahid, and J. Abraham. 1988. “Integrated Aircraft Flight Test Approaches for Fault-Tolerant Avionics Systems.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2170. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2170
- “Sidestick Control Evaluation Completed for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” 1985. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 57 (11): 13–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb036187
- Sidorenko, Andrey, Alexey Budovsky, Boris Postnikov, et al. 2009. “Plasma Control of Vortex Flow on Delta-Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 47th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including The New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2009-888. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-888
- Sieder, J., M. Propst, C. Bach, and M. Tajmar. 2019. “Shallow Water Experiments to Verify a Numerical Analysis on an Aerodynamically Thrust-Vectored Aerospike Nozzle.” In Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911529
- Siegel, Stefan, Thomas McLaughlin, and Julie Albertson. 2002. “Partial Leading Edge Forcing of a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 1st Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2002-3268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3268
- Siegel, S., Thomas McLaughlin, and Julie Morrow. 2001. “PIV Measurements on a Delta Wing with Periodic Blowing and Suction.” In 19th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2001-2436. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-2436
- Silva, Higor Luis. n.d.-a. “Contributions to Conceptual Design of Electric and Hybrid-Electric Aircraft.” PhD diss., Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. https://doi.org/10.14393/ufu.di.2019.26
- Silva, Natássya Barlate Floro da. n.d.-b. “Development of an Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Specification of a Fixed-Wing Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” PhD diss., Universidade de São Paulo. https://doi.org/10.11606/t.55.2018.tde-16102018-100220
- Silva, Christopher, and Wayne Johnson. n.d. “Practical Conceptual Design of Quieter Urban VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society’s 77th Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20210014173
- Silva, Christopher J., and Wayne Johnson. 2021. “Practical Conceptual Design of Quieter Urban VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16739
- Silva, Christopher, Wayne Johnson, Kevin R. Antcliff, and Michael D. Patterson. 2018. “VTOL Urban Air Mobility Concept Vehicles for Technology Development.” In American Inst. of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20180006683
- Silva-Martinez, Jackelynne P., Woobong Lee, and Andrew Boshinski. 2015. “Advanced Vertical Lift Aircraft Demonstrator: Design for Certification of a Hover Lift-Drive System.” In 56th AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. AIAA 2015-0974. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-0974
- Silwal, Lokesh, and Vrishank Raghav. 2020. “Preliminary Study of the near Wake Vortex Interactions of a Coaxial Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-0305. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-0305
- Simmons, Benjamin M. n.d. “Evaluation of Response Surface Experiment Designs for Distributed Propulsion Aircraft Aero-Propulsive Modeling.” In AIAA SciTech 2023 Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220017124
- Simmons, Benjamin M. 2022a. “Efficient Variable-Pitch Propeller Aerodynamic Model Development for Vectored-Thrust eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3817. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3817
- Simmons, Benjamin M. 2022b. “System Identification for eVTOL Aircraft Using Simulated Flight Data.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2409. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2409
- Simmons, Benjamin M. 2023a. “Advances in Aero-Propulsive Modeling for Fixed-Wing and eVTOL Aircraft Using Experimental Data.” PhD diss., Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20230004001
- Simmons, Benjamin M., and Kasey A. Ackerman. 2026. “System Identification for a Subscale Tiltrotor eVTOL Aircraft from Hover Flight-Test Data.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2088. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2088
- Simmons, Benjamin M., Kasey A. Ackerman, and Garrett D. Asper. 2025a. “Aero-Propulsive Damping Characterization for eVTOL Aircraft Using Free Motion Wind-Tunnel Testing.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0006. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0006
- Simmons, Benjamin M., Kasey A. Ackerman, Garrett D. Asper, et al. 2025c. “Subscale Tiltrotor eVTOL Aircraft Dynamic Modeling and Flight Control Software Development.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0161
- Simmons, Benjamin M., and Ronald C. Busan. 2024. “Statistical Wind-Tunnel Experimentation Advancements for eVTOL Aircraft Aero-Propulsive Model Development.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2482. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2482
- Simmons, Benjamin M., James L. Gresham, and Craig A. Woolsey. 2023b. “Nonlinear Dynamic Model Identification for Aircraft with Unknown Mass Properties Using Flight Data.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0040
- Simmons, Benjamin M., and Patrick C. Murphy. n.d. “Wind Tunnel-Based Aerodynamic Model Identification for a Tilt-Wing, Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA SciTech Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205010555
- Simmons, Benjamin M., and Patrick C. Murphy. 2021. “Wind Tunnel-Based Aerodynamic Model Identification for a Tilt-Wing, Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1298. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1298
- Simmons, Benjamin, Andrew Rapsomanikis, George Jacobellis, Nk Ofodile, Thomas Hamilton, and Max Ma. 2025b. “Flight-Test System Identification Methodology and Hover Results for a Vectored-Thrust eVTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 81st Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0220
- Simoes Pessoa, Rodrigo. n.d. “Mathematical Modeling of a Tilt-Rotor Drone.” PhD diss., PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO. https://doi.org/10.17771/pucrio.acad.30497
- Simon, James. 1992. “Dynamic Derivative Data for High Angle of Attack Simulation.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4355. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4355
- Simon, Robert, and Dennis Dunn. 1989. “Incorporating Dynamic Field of View Information to Design the Next-Generation Black Hawk Helicopter Cockpit.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33 (16): 1124–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301619
- Simplício, Pedro, Paul B. Acquatella, and Samir Bennani. 2023. Launcher Attitude Control Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion: A Feasibility Study towards Fast and Robust Design Approaches. https://doi.org/10.5270/esa-gnc-icatt-2023-030
- Simpson, R. 1969. “The Outlook for Future Commercial VTOL Transportation.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-198. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-198
- Simpson, W. 1972. “The Development of Dynamic Flight Test Techniques for the Extraction of Aircraft Performance.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-785. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-785
- Simpson, William R. 1979. The Accelerometer Methods of Obtaining Aircraft Performance from Flight Test Data (Dynamic Performance Testing). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada075226
- Sims, J., and Ralph Kimberlin. 1995. “Use of Variable Stability Demonstrators to Enhance Aerospace and Flight Test Engineer Training.” In Aircraft Engineering, Technology, and Operations Congress. AIAA 1995-3938. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3938
- Sinacori, John B. 1970a. Application of the Northrop Rotational Simulator to Helicopters and V/ STOL Aircraft (User’s Guide). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0873037
- Sinacori, John B. 1970b. A Study of V/STOL Ground-Based Simulation Techniques. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0871154
- Sinacori, John B. 1986. Modeling Flight Simulator Visual/Motion Cue Effects on Pilot Performance; a Summary. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada359459
- Sinacori, J., and A. Lange. 1961. Theoretical Investigation of Ducted Propeller Aerodynamics Volume 4. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0266422
- Singh, Rajneesh K., Michael Avera, Hao Kang, and Matthew Floros. 2014. “Technology Identification for a High Performance Tailsitter VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9430
- Singh, Rajneesh, Ethan Corle, Rohit Jain, and Joon Lim. 2019b. “Computation and Quantification of Uncertainty in Predictions of HVAB Rotor Performance in Hover.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0285. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0285
- Singh, Ajay, and Abhijit Kushari. 2008. “Computational Investigation of Effective Angle of Turning in Thrust Vectored Nozzles.” In 44th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2008-4961. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-4961
- Singh, Rajneesh, Jayant Sirohi, and Vikram Hrishikeshavan. 2019a. “Common Research Configuration for Collaborative Advancement of Scalable VTOL UAS Technologies.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14499
- Singh, S., W. Yim, and W. Wells. 1994. “Adaptive and Neural Control of Wing-Rock Motion of Slender Delta Wing.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1994-3680. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3680
- Singhal, Charu, Gang Tao, and Jason Burkholder. 2009. “Neural Network-Based Compensation of Synthetic Jet Actuator Nonlinearities for Aircraft Flight Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-6177. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6177
- Sirbaugh, James. 1987. “Euler Analysis of the AFWAL 65-Deg Delta Wing.” In 5th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1987-2272. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2272
- Sirigireddy, Vinay Kumar Reddy, and Darryl K. Ahner. 2026. “A MATLAB-MBSE Integrated Sizing Framework for Preliminary Weight, Power, and Energy Estimation of eVTOL Aircraft.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6662520
- Sisák, Tomáš, and Filip Škultéty. 2020. “Riešenie VTOL Pre UAV s Fixnými Nosnými Plochami.” In Práce a štúdie - Vydanie 8. University of Žilina. https://doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2020.2.19
- Sisk, Sam, Farzaam Khorasani-Gerdehkouhi, Abdulaziz Abutunis, K. Chandrashekhara, and Xiaosong Du. 2025. “Generative Adversarial Networks for Dimensionality Reduction in eVTOL Aircraft Takeoff Trajectory Optimization.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0967. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0967
- Sissingh, G. J. 1956. Some Remarks on the Control and Stability Characteristics of the Flying Platform (Low Speed Flight Regime). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0116272
- Sissingh, G. J. 1960. “Endurance and Range of Jet-Supported and Jet-Propelled VTOL Aircraft.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 5 (2): 31–35. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.5.2.31
- Sisson, Nathaniel, and Kadriye Merve Dogan. 2025. “Discrete Adaptive Control Allocation for Uncertain over-Actuated Systems.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2799
- Sivan, M. 1971. “A Lateral Directional Oscillation Problem in a Conventional STOL Aircraft.” In 3rd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1971-792. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1971-792
- Skelton, Grant B. 1968. Investigation of the Effects of Gusts on V/STOL Craft in Transition and Hover. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0679593
- Skow, A. M., and D. J. Penke. 1982. “Control of the Forebody Vortex Orientation by Asymmetric Air Injection. Part A: Application to Enhance Departure/spin Recovery of Fighter Aircraft. Part B: Details of the Flow Structure.” In AGARD High Angle-of-Attack Aerodyn.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830010422
- Sleeman, William C., and Andrew L. Byrnes. 1953. Low-Speed Longitudinal Stability Characteristics of a 1/6-Scale Model of the Republic XF-84H Airplane with the Propeller Operating. NACA-RM-SL-53F26. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090023635
- Sleeman, William C., Jr., and William D. Morrison Jr. 1953. Low-Speed Investigation of the Static Lateral Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/6-Scale Model of the Republic XF-84H Airplane with the Propeller Operating. NACA-RM-SL53G10. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050029410
- Sloman, Roger. 2019. “An Update on AVCP’s Zero-Zero Safety System for VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14555
- Sloman, Roger, and Simon Scott. 2018. “A Novel Zero-Zero Safety System for VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0074-2018-12740
- Slyusar, Vadym. 2021. “The Concept of Networked Distributed Engine Control System of Future Air Vehicles.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202106.0372.v1
- Smetana, Frederick O. 1971. “A Flight Control System Providing a Simple-to-Fly, Constant Attitude Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/710393
- Smeur, Ewoud J., Q. Ping Chu, and Guido C. de Croon. 2016a. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Attitude Control of Micro Aerial Vehicles.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2016-1390. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1390
- Smit, Martin, and I. Craig. 1998. “Robust Flight Controller Design Using H-Infinity Loop-Shaping and Dynamic Inversion Techniques.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4132. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4132
- Smit, Beau, Tijmen Pollack, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2022. “Adaptive Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Flight Control for Consistent Handling Qualities.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1394. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1394
- Smith, C. R. 1968. Hot Cycle Rotor/wing Composite Research Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0684315
- Smith, Carroll J. 1972. Evaluation of XM20 and XM20E1 Landing Mats under Heavy-Duty Load. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0753935
- Smith, Stephen B. 1977. Limited Flight Evaluation of Side Stick Controller Force-Deflection Characteristics on Aircraft Handling Qualities. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada069198
- Smith, Ralph H. 1982. Notes on Lateral-Directional Pilot Induced Oscillations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada113996
- Smith, R. 1986. “Effect of Time Delay on Flying Qualities: An Update.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2202. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2202
- Smith, T. 1996. “The Use of in Flight Analysis Techniques for Model Validation on Advanced Combat Aircraft.” In Test and Evalution International Aerospace Forum. AIAA 1996-3355. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-3355
- Smith, Howard. 1997a. “Advanced Short Take-off Vertical Landing Combat Aircraft: Part 2: The Powerplant Installation.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 69 (1): 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022669710161603
- Smith, Howard. 1997b. “Systems Design for an Advanced Short Take-off Vertical Landing Combat Aircraft: Part 3.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 69 (2): 129–44. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022669710164466
- Smith, P. 1998. “A Simplified Approach to Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Based Flight Control.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4461. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4461
- Smith, F. 2023. MIL-DTL-32726: Detail Specification Handling Qualities for Military Rotorcraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1192
- Smith, Matthew. 2025. Progress in eVTOL Aircraft: Certification. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_sym_2025-5424
- Smith, Phill, and Andrew Berry. 2000. “Flight Test Experience of a Non-Linear Dynamic Inversion Control Law on the VAAC Harrier.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-3914. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-3914
- Smith, Ralph H., and Norman D. Geddes. 1979. Handling Quality Requirements for Advanced Aircraft Design: Longitudinal Mode. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada077858
- Smith, G. A., J. M. Hammer, and R. E. Rose. 1971. Conceptual Study to Apply Advanced Flight Control Technology to the Coin or Trim Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0730571
- Smith, R. E., J. V. Lebacqz, and J. M. Schuler. 1973. Flight Investigation of Various Longitudinal Short-Term Dynamics for STOL Landing Approach Using the X-22A Variable Stability Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0754840
- Smith, G., and G. Meyer. 1981. “Application of the Concept of Dynamic Trim Control and Nonlinear System Inverses to Automatic Control of a Vertical Attitude Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In Digital Avionics Systems Conference. AIAA 1981-2238. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-2238
- Smith, G. Allan, and George Meyer. 1990. “Aircraft Automatic Flight Control System with Model Inversion.” In Control and Dynamic Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-012738-2.50006-3
- Smith, G. A., G. Meyer, and M. Nordstrom. 1986. Aircraft Automatic-Flight-Control System with Inversion of the Model in the Feed-Forward Path Using a Newton-Raphson Technique for the Inversion. NASA-TM-88209. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870002363
- Smith, F. H., and J. A. Parsons. 1970. Velocity Measurements in the AEDC Low Speed Wind Tunnel (V/STOL) Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0708717
- Smith, P., and Y. Patel. 1995. “Translational Motion Control of VSTOL Aircraft Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3452. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3452
- Smith, C. Frederic, Steve D. Podleski, Wendy S. Barankiewicz, and Susan Z. Zeleznik. 1995. Evaluation of F/A-18A HARV Inlet Flow Analysis with Flight Data. NASA-TM-107130. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960012172
- Smith, H. P., and Tirey K. Vickers. 1970. Integrated Flight Path Control and Surveillance for VTOL Operations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-3212
- Smith, Charles C., Jr. 1958a. Hovering and Transition Flight Tests of a 1/5-Scale Model of a Jet-Powered Vertical-Attitude VTOL Research Airplane. NASA-MEMO-1-10-27-58L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227972
- Smith, C. C., Jr. 1958b. Hovering and Transition Flight Tests of a 1/5-Scale Model of the Ryan X-13 VTOL Airplane. NACA-RM-SL58H29. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710082837
- Smith, Charles C., Jr. 1959. Flight Tests of a 1/8-Scale Model of the Bell D-188A Jet VTOL Airplane. NASA-MEMO-3-16-59L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228302
- Smith, Charles C., Jr. 1961a. Flight Tests of a 1/6-Scale Model of the Hawker P 1127 Jet VTOL Airplane. NASA-TM-SX-531. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227431
- Smith, Charles C., Jr. 1961b. Hovering and Transition Flight Tests of a 1/5-Scale Model of a Jet-Powered Vertical-Attitude VTOL Research Airplane. NASA-TN-D-404. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980230621
- Smith, K. R., Jr., and F. W. Belina. 1974. Small V/STOL Aircraft Analysis, Volume 1. NASA-CR-2425. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740020391
- Smith, Charlee C., Jr., and Powell M. Lovell Jr. 1954. Vertical Descent and Landing Tests of a 0.13-Scale Model of the Convair XFY-1 Vertically Rising Airplane in Still Air, TED No. NACA DE 368. NACA-RM-SL54C19a. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050030042
- Smith, Charles C., Jr., Powell M. Lovell Jr., and William R. Bates. 1951. Effect of the Proximity of the Ground on the Stability and Control Characteristics of a Vertically Rising Airplane Model in the Hovering Condition. NACA-RM-L51G05. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930086777
- Snell, S. 1992. “Preliminary Assessment of the Robustness of Dynamic Inversion Based Flight Control Laws.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4330. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4330
- Snell, S., William Garrard Jr., and Dale Enns. 1990. “Nonlinear Inversion Flight Control for a Supermaneuverable Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3406. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3406
- Snell, A., R. Hess, and W. Siwakosit. 1998. “Flight Control Design Using Scheduled Linear Dynamic Inversion and Quantitative Feedback Theory.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1998-4421. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4421
- Snell, S. A., and P. W. Stout. 1995. “Improved Robustness for Dynamic Inversion Based Nonlinear Flight Control Laws.” In Automatic Control in Aerospace 1994 (Aerospace Control ‘94). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042238-1.50044-6
- Snell, S. A., and P. W. Stout. 1998. “Flight Control Law Using Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Combined with Quantitative Feedback Theory.” Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 120 (2): 208–15. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.2802411
- Snow, Walter L., Brooks A. Childers, Stephen B. Jones, and Charles M. Fremaux. 1993. “Recent Experiences with Implementing a Video-Based Six-Degree-of-Freedom Measurement System for Airplane Models in a 20-Foot-Diameter Vertical Spin Tunnel.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 1820, edited by Sabry F. El-Hakim. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.141379
- Snyder, Christopher A. n.d. “More / All Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Vehicle Sensitivities to Propulsion and Power Performance.” In Vertical Flight Society’s 76th Annual Forum & Technology Display. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205007968
- Snyder, Thomas L. 1947. Estimation of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of the North American XSN2J-1 Airplane. NACA-RM-L7F23b. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019393
- Snyder, R. C. 1950. Research on High Speed Rotary-Fixed Wing Aircraft. Volume IV. Sample Aircraft Performance Data. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0109766
- Snyder, Christopher. 2020. “More / All Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Vehicle Sensitivities to Propulsion and Power Performance.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society 76th Annual Forum. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16447
- Sobel, Kenneth, and Frederick Lallman. 1988. “Eigenstructure Assignment for a Thrust-Vectored High Angle-of-Attackaircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1988-4101. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4101
- Sobester, Andras, and Andy Keane. 2006. “Multi-Objective Optimal Design of a Fluidic Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In 11th AIAA/ISSMO Multidisciplinary Analysis and Optimization Conference. AIAA 2006-6916. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6916
- Soderlund, Ryan K., and Konstantin I. Matveev. 2010. “Jet-Induced Pressure Distribution under Platform in Ground Effect.” International Journal of Vehicle Design 53 (3): 133. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijvd.2010.033826
- Sohn, Myong Hwan, and Hyoung Seog Chung. 2005. “PIV and CFD Analyses of Vortical Flow over a Yawed LEX-Delta Wing Configuration.” In 23rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2005-4853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-4853
- Sohn, Myong Hwan, Hyoung Seog Chung, and Jo Won Chang. 2007. “Control of Double-Delta-Wing Vortex by Micro Leading-Edge Flap.” In 25th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2007-4280. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-4280
- Sohn, Myong Hwan, and Ki Young Lee. 2002. “Experimental Investigation of Vortex Flow of a Yawed Delta Wing Having Leading Edge Extension.” In 20th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2002-3267. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-3267
- Sohn, Myong, and Ki Lee. 2003. “Visualization and Wake Survey of the Vortical Flow over a Delta Wing with the Leading Edge Extension.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3525. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3525
- Soikkeli, Johannes S., Drago Matko, and Thomas Koopman. 2023. “Cascaded Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Applied to a Fixed-Wing Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4048. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4048
- Solies, U. 1995. “Low Speed Handling Qualities of the High Speed Civil Transport.” In Aircraft Engineering, Technology, and Operations Congress. AIAA 1995-3912. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3912
- Soltani, M., M. Bragg, and J. Brandon. 1988. “Experimental Measurements on an Oscillating 70-Degree Delta Wing in Subsonic Flow.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2576. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2576
- Soltani, M., N. Sadati, and Ali Davari. 2003. “Neural Network: A New Prediction Tool for Estimating the Aerodynamic Behavior of a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3793. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3793
- Solutions, LaunchPoint Electric Propulsion, Michael Ricci, Jack Myers, Brad E. Paden, and Ryan Rahn. 2020. “Electric Propulsion Component Sizing for Optimal Aircraft Configuration.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16413
- “Some Current Types of Landing Gear: A Survey of the Solutions Adopted in Landing Gear Design for a Range of Modern Aircraft.” 1968. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 40 (1): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034335
- Son, Gayoung, Kyu Hyuk Kim, Tai Jin Song, and Sungjo Hong. 2023. “Establishment of UAM (Urban Air Mobility) Network and Estimation of Vertiport Size in Seoul Metropolitan Area.” Journal of Korea Planning Association 58 (4): 73–86. https://doi.org/10.17208/jkpa.2023.08.58.4.73
- Son, M. S., J. H. Sa, S. H. Park, and Y. H. Byun. 2015. “Numerical Analysis of Pressure Perturbation of Delta Wing Vortex Flow at a High Angle of Attack.” Journal of computational fluids engineering 20 (2): 73–80. https://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2015.20.2.073
- Song, Yong D. 2008. Fault-Tolerant and Reconfigurable Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada477568
- Song, Jinchun, and Tianrong Du. 2005. “The Analysis on Nonlinear Control of the Aircraft Arresting System.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 6042, edited by Yunlong Wei, Kil To Chong, Takayuki Takahashi, Shengping Liu, Zushu Li, Zhongwei Jiang, Jin Young Choi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.664551
- Song, H. S., Y. H. Hwang, S. J. Kim, R. S. Myong, and H. Lee. 2024c. “Numerical Investigation of Propeller Wake Effect on the Wing Aerodynamics of Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Journal of computational fluids engineering 29 (4): 24–38. https://doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2024.29.4.024
- Song, Ke, Jingyi Sun, Meihao Qiao, et al. 2024a. “Dual-Loop Fuel Cell-Battery Hybrid Evtol Sizing Based on Grey Wolf Optimizer and Refined Models.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4947109
- Sonkar, Sarvesh, Prashant Kumar, Yuvaraj Tanjore Puli, Riya Catherine George, Deepu Philip, and Ajoy Kanti Ghosh. 2023. “Design & Implementation of an Electric Fixed-Wing Hybrid VTOL UAV for Asset Monitoring.” Journal of Aerospace Technology and Management 15: e0823. https://doi.org/10.1590/jatm.v15.1297
- Sorenson, J. 1974. “Influence of Boundary Layer Blowing on the Low-Speed Aerodynamic Performance of a 45 Degree Swept-Wing Airplane.” In 10th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1974-269. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-269
- Sotheran, A. 1982. “Development of Thrust Augmentation Technology for the Pegasus Vectored Thrust Engine.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/821390
- Sotiropoulos-Georgiopoulos, Eleni, and Charles Cliff Johnson. 2026. “FAA VR-HeliSTART (Virtual Reality-Helicopter Simulator Training for Airplane to Rotorcraft Transition): Hovering Maneuvers.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0119
- Soundararajan, Harish, and B. T. N. Sridhar. 2022. “Numerical Study on Strut Insertion Based Thrust Vectoring Control System.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (2): 201–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2021-0387
- Sowyrda, A. 1961. Aerodynamics of Deflected Slipstreams. Part i. Formulation of the Integral Equations. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0265379
- Sparks, S. P., and S. J. Miley. 1983. “Development of a Propeller Afterbody Analysis with Contracting Slipstream.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/830743
- Spencer, Clayton, and Tianyi He. 2025. “LPV System Identification of VTOL Aircraft with Hybrid Configuration.” In ASME 2025 Aerospace Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/ssdm2025-152508
- Spencer, B., Jr. 1962. Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics at Low Subsonic Speeds of a Highly Swept Delta Wing Utilizing Nose Deflection for Control. NASA-TN-D-1482. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630000325
- Spillman, J. 1965. “VTOL Short Range Jet Airliners.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-797. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-797
- Spitzer, R., P. Rumsey, and H. Quigley. 1972. “Use of the Flight Simulator in the Design of a STOL Research Aircraft.” In 4th Aircraft Design, Flight Test, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1972-762. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-762
- Spong, E., J. Kamman, C. Hall, and E. Seiffertt. 1979. “V/STOL Aircraft Configuration Effects on Exhaust Gas Ingestion.” In 15th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1979-1284. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1284
- “Spray-on Landing Field Aids VTOL Planes.” 1965. Science News-Letter 87 (11): 162. https://doi.org/10.2307/3948236
- Spreemann, Kenneth P. 1957. Investigation of the Effects of Propeller Diameter on the Ability of a Flapped Wing, with and without Boundary-Layer Control, to Deflect a Propeller Slipstream Downward for Vertical Take-off. NACA-TN-4181. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085090
- Spreemann, Kenneth P. 1958. Effectiveness of Boundary-Layer Control, Obtained by Blowing over a Plain Rear Flap in Combination with a Forward Slotted Flap, in Deflecting a Slipstream Downward for Vertical Take-off. NACA-TN-4200. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930085045
- Spreemann, K. P. 1960. Induced Interference Effects on Jet and Buried-Fan VTOL Configurations in Transition. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004813
- Spreemann, Kenneth P. 1961. Investigation of Interference of a Deflected Jet with Free Stream and Ground on Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Semispan Delta-Wing VTOL Model. NASA-TN-D-915. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227199
- Spreemann, K. P. 1966. Wind Tunnel Investigation of Longitudinal Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Powered Four-Duct-Propeller VTOL Model in Transition. NASA-TN-D-3192. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660013630
- Spreemann, K. P. 1967. Free-Stream Interference Effects on Effectiveness of Control Jets near the Wing Tip of a VTOL Aircraft Model. NASA-TN-D-4084. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670023516
- Spreemann, K. P. 1968. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of Lateral Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Powered Four-Duct-Propeller VTOL Model in Transition. NASA-TN-D-4343. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680007554
- Spreemann, Kenneth P., and Richard E. Kuhn. 1956. Investigation of the Effectiveness of Boundary-Layer Control by Blowing over a Combination of Sliding and Plain Flaps in Deflecting a Propeller Slipstream Downward for Vertical Take-off. NACA-TN-3904. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930084788
- Squires, Kyle D. 2002. A New Approach to Prediction of Aircraft Spin. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada410100
- Srigrarom, Sutthiphong, and Florian Holzapfel. 2019. “Development of UGS-TUM Vertical Take off & Landing (VTOL) Drone with Flight Control.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3140. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3140
- Srinathkumar, S. 2018. “Rotorcraft Precision Hover Control in Atmospheric Turbulence via Eigenstructure Assignment.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 64 (1): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.64.012005
- Srinathkumar, S., V. Parameswaran, and J. Raol. 1995. “Flight Test Determination of Neutral and Maneuver Points of Aircraft.” In 20th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1995-3501. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3501
- Srivastava, Aastha, and Raja Sekhar Dondapati. 2026. “Adaptive PID Control for Stability Enhancement of Tilt-Tri-Rotor Vertical Take-off and Landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” International Journal of Turbo & Jet-Engines. https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj-2026-0083
- Srivastava, Nimisha, and T. Jayachandran. 2023. “Multi-Phase Flow Simulation of a Solid Rocket Motor with a Thrust Vectoring Submerged Nozzle.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1130. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1130
- Srivathsan, Shreyas, and Juergen Rauleder. 2023a. “Experimental Wind Tunnel Investigation on Propeller-Wing Interactional Aerodynamics.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1752. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1752
- Srivathsan, Shreyas, and Juergen Rauleder. 2023b. “Wind Tunnel Measurements of Propeller-Wing Interactional Aerodynamics.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3542. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3542
- Srivathsan, Shreyas, and Juergen Rauleder. 2024. “Wind Tunnel Measurements on the Effect of Propeller Tilt on Propeller–Wing Interactional Aerodynamics.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4146. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4146
- “Stability and Control of Aircraft with Manual All-Moving Tailplanes.” 1986. In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2231
- “Stability, Control, and Handling Qualities.” 2024. In Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Seventh Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107290.0619.0672
- Staelens, Yann, Ron Blackwelder, and Mark Page. 2007. “Novel Pitch Control Effectors for a Blended Wing Body Airplane in Takeoff and Landing Configuration.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-68. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-68
- Stahl, Spencer L., and Datta Gaitonde. 2021a. “Analysis of Fountain-Flow Coupling between Twin Sonic Impinging Jets.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2923. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2923
- Stahl, Spencer, and Datta V. Gaitonde. 2021b. “Effects of Fountain Flow Interaction on Dual Jet Impingement at Mixed Operating Conditions.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0321. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0321
- Stahl, Philipp, Christian Rössler, and Mirko Hornung. 2018. “Benefit Analysis and System Design Considerations for Drag Reduction of Inactive Hover Rotors on Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL Vehicles.” In 2018 Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA 2018-4150. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-4150
- Stalford, Harold. 1987. “Robust Nonlinear Control for High Angle of Attack Flight.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-346. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-346
- Stalford, Harold, and Eric Hoffman. 1989. “Thrust Vectoring Effect on Time-Optimal 90 Degrees Angle of Attack Pitch up Maneuvers of a High Alpha Fighter Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1989-3521. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3521
- Stam, Noah, and Coen C. de Visser. 2025. “Adaptive Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Control Allocation for Aircraft with Innovative Control Effectors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0082. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0082
- Stapleford, Robert L. 1980. “Velocity Command/Position Hold: A New Flight Control Concept for Hovering VTOL Aircraft.” In SAE Technical Paper Series, vol. 1. SAE International. https://doi.org/10.4271/801206
- Stapleford, R. L., R. K. Heffley, R. C. Rumold, C. S. Hynes, and B. C. Scott. 1974. A STOL Airworthiness Investigation Using a Simulation of a Deflected Slipstream Transport. Volume 1: Summary of Results and Airworthiness Implications. NASA-TM-X-62392. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750005779
- Stark, David E. 2003. Short Takeoff and Vertical Landing Capability Upgraded in NASA Glenn’s 9- by 15-Foot Low-Speed Wind Tunnel. NASA Glenn Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050215039
- “Static Flight Stability and Control.” 2026. In Analytical Aircraft Flight. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009399913.011
- “Static Longitudinal Stability Flight Test Methods.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0223.0233
- “Static Longitudinal Stability Theory.” 2003. In Flight Testing Of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861840.0209.0221
- “Static Stability and Control.” 1998. In Introduction to Aircraft Flight Dynamics. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600862052.0067.0092
- Statler, W. 1966. “Applications of VTOL and STOL Aircraft: Boston to Washington.” In 3rd Annual Meeting. AIAA 1966-964. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-964
- Stauffer, B., R. Stuever, and J. Vian. 1990. “Application of a Design Method for Integrated Control to a VTOL Airplane in Hover.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1990-3334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3334
- Stavrinos, George. 2020. “Landing an Autonomous UAV on a Moving Platform Using Only a Front Facing Camera.” In Studies in Computational Intelligence. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45956-7_6
- Steer, A. 2000a. “Integrated Control of a Second Generation Supersonic Commercial Transport Aircraft Using Thrust Vectoring.” In Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2000-4109. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-4109
- Steer, A. J. 2000b. “Low Speed Control of a Second Generation Supersonic Transport Aircraft Using Integrated Thrust Vectoring.” Aeronautical Journal 104 (1035): 237–45. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000091533
- Stefana, Elena, Natalia Guskova, Giulio Di Gravio, and Riccardo Patriarca. 2024. “Should I Board This Advanced Air Mobility Vehicle? A Systemic Risk Assessment of eVTOL in a Vertiport.” AHFE international 148. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005196
- Steils, W., Jr. 1965. “V/STOL Hover Control System Analysis.” In Aircraft Design and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1965-799. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-799
- Steinhoff, John, Marvin A. Moulton, Robert B. Haehnel, and Yonghu Wenren. 2008. A Model to Simulate Rotorcraft-Induced Brownout. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f64-000093
- Steinleitner, Andreas, Vincenz Frenzel, Ole Pfeifle, Jan Denzel, and Walter Fichter. 2022. “Automatic Take-Off and Landing of Tailwheel Aircraft with Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1228. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1228
- Stengel, R. 1981. “A Unifying Framework for Longitudinal Flying Qualities Criteria.” In 7th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1981-1889. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1889
- Stengel, R. 1985. “Flight Evaluation of Longitudinal Flying Qualities Parameters.” In 12th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1985-1789. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1789
- Stengel, R. F., J. R. Broussard, and P. W. Berry. 1976a. The Design of Digital-Adaptive Controllers for VTOL Aircraft. NASA-CR-144912. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760014127
- Stengel, R. F., J. R. Broussard, and P. W. Berry. 1977. Digital Flight Control Design for a Tandem-Rotor Helicopter. AHS 77-33-44. Analytic Sciences Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770057223
- Stephenson, John M. 1961. “New Types and Applications of Turbine Engines for Short and Vertical Take-Off.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610313
- Stepniewski, Wieslaw Z. 1959. “Some Thoughts on Optimum Combinations of Wings and Vertical Thrust Generators in VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series. https://doi.org/10.4271/590040
- Stepniewski, W. Z., and T. Tarczynski. 1992. Open Airscrew VTOL Concepts. NASA-CR-177603. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930008694
- “Stereopsis Cueing Effects on a Simulated Precision Rotorcraft ‘Hover-in-Turbulence’ Task.” 1989. In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1989-3289. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3289
- Stevens, M. E., and J. Roskam. 1985. An Investigation into the Vertical Axis Control Power Requirements for Landing VTOL Type Aircraft Onboard Nonaviation Ships in Various Sea States. NASA-CR-176355. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19860003826
- Stewart, H. J. 1974. Theoretical and Experimental Study on the Ejector Augmented Jet Flap. NASA-CR-136749. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750009224
- Stewart, Reuben-Wayne, Moble Benedict, and Jack Dooher. 2024. “Nonlinear Flight Dynamics Modeling of an Air-Launched Tailsitter UAS.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-0006
- Stewart, Reuben-Wayne, Jack Dooher, and Moble Benedict. 2025. “Neural Network Assisted Flight Dynamics Modeling of a Tailsitter UAS with Experimental Validation.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0037
- Stillwell, Wendell H., and Hubert M. Drake. 1958. Simulator Studies of Jet Reaction Controls for Use at High Altitude. NACA-RM-H58G18a. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930090235
- Stinton, Darrol. 1987. “Aero-Marine Design and Flying Qualities of Floatplanes and Flying-Boats.” Aeronautical Journal 91 (903): 97–127. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000091375
- Stockman, N. O. 1970. Potential Flow Solutions for Inlets of VTOL Lift Fans and Engines. NASA Lewis Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700012074
- Stockman, N. O. 1974. “Potential and Viscous Flow Prediction in V/STOL Propulsion System Inlets.” In Workshop on Prediction Methods for Jet V/STOL propulsion Aerodynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750021037
- Stockman, N. O. 1975. “Potential and Viscous Flow Prediction in V/STOL Propulsion System Inlets.” In U.S. Naval Air Systems Command, Workshop on Prediction Methods for Jet V/STOL Propulsion Aerodynamics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750058000
- Stockman, N. O. 1979. “Recent Applications of Theoretical Analysis to V/STOL Inlet Design.” In Workshop on V/STOL Aerodyn.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790020972
- “STOL Operation (Transition-in-Ground Effect).” 2007. In Jet Induced Effects. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600866869.0093.0114
- Stolarik, Brian. 2007. Intelligent Flight Control Simulation Research Program. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada470308
- Stoll, F., and D. Koenig. 1983. “Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a Close-Coupled Canard-Delta-Wing Fighter Model through High Angles of Attack.” In Aircraft Design, Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1983-2554. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2554
- Stoll, Alex, and Gregor Veble Mikic. 2022. “Transition Performance of Tilt Propeller Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1189
- Stoll, F., and E. A. Minter. 1981. “Large-Scale Wind Tunnel Tests of a Sting-Supported V/STOL Fighter Model at High Angles of Attack.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035673
- Stone, R. Hugh. n.d.-a. “Control and Guidance for a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Air Vehicle.” In Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-33453-8_38
- Stone, R. Hugh. n.d.-b. “Modelling and Control of a Tandem-Wing Tail-Sitter UAV.” In Advances in Industrial Control. Springer-Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1007/1-84628-179-2_7
- Stone, R. Hugh. 2002a. “Aerodynamic Modelling of a Wing-in-Slipstream Tail-Sitter UAV.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5951. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5951
- Stone, R. Hugh. 2002b. “The T-Wing Tail-Sitter Research UAV.” In 2002 Biennial International Powered Lift Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2002-5970. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5970
- Stone, Hugh, Peter Anderson, and Peter Gibbens. 2006. Predictive Control for a Tail-Sitter UAV. Part 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada473707
- Stone, C. R., N. E. Miller, and M. D. Ward. 1975. Turbine Engine Control Synthesis. Volume 2. Simulation and Controller Software. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada014230
- Stone, Ralph W., Jr., and Richard P. White. 1948. Free-Spinning, Longitudinal-Trim, and Tumbling Characteristics of a 1/20-Scale Model of the Consolidated Vultke MX-813 (Prototype of XP-92) Airplane as Determined in the Langley 20-Foot Free-Spinning Tunnel. NACA-RM-SL8G26. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050030064
- Stortz, Michael, and Dennis O’Donoghue. 1993. “Cockpit Interface Issues for ASTOVL Aircraft: A Pilot Perspective.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4873. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4873
- Stough, H., III, Daniel Dicarlo, and James Patton. 1987. “Evaluation of Airplane Spin Resistance Using Proposed Criteria for Light General Aviation Airplanes.” In 14th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1987-2562. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2562
- Stough, H., III, and J. Patton Jr. 1979. “The Effects of Configuration Changes on Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a Low-Wing General Aviation Research Airplane.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1979-1786. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1786
- Stougie, Jurian, Tijmen Pollack, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2024. “Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control with Flight Envelope Protection for the Flying-V.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-2565. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2565
- Strack, W. C. 1973. Conceptual Study of Four Subsonic VTOL Propulsion Systems. NASA-TM-X-68279. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19730021078
- Strand, T., and E. S. Levinsky. 1969. Wind Tunnel Tests of a Free-Wing Tilt-Propeller V/STOL Airplane Model. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0698355
- Strash, Daniel, David Lednicer, and Theodor Rubin. 1998. “Analysis of Propeller-Induced Aerodynamic Effects.” In 16th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1998-2414. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2414
- Stratton, Michael, and Drew Landman. 2021. “Wind Tunnel Test and Empirical Modeling of Tilt-Rotor Performance for EVTOL Applications.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0834. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0834
- Stratton, Zachary, and John Spyropoulos. 2024. “Isolated and Installed Rotor Simulations of a Scaled Helicopter Rotor in Hover Using Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulation.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0897. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0897
- Stratton, Zachary, John T. Spyropoulos, Sanjeeb Bose, and Jelena Svorcan. 2023. “Rotor Performance and Turbulent Wake Simulations of a Scaled Helicopter Rotor in Hover Using Wall-Modeled Large-Eddy Simulations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2636. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2636
- Streiff, H., and C. Henderson. 1974. “Ejector Thrust Augmentation for STOL Aircraft Applications.” In 10th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1974-1192. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-1192
- Strother, Dora Dougherty. 1974. “Visual and Manual Workload of the Helicopter Pilot.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f30-012
- Stroub, R. H. 1986. Tiltable-Wing, Tiltable-Rotor Aircraft. ARC-11420. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850000373
- Stroub, R., H. Kumagai, and C. Keys. 1986. “Wind Tunnel Test of a Model Rotor with a Free-Tip.” In 4th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-1781. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1781
- Struts and Couplings Committee A-5B Gears. 2017. Crashworthy Landing Gear Design. https://doi.org/10.4271/air4566a
- Stuper, J. 1938. Effect of Propeller Slipstream on Wing and Tail. NACA-TM-874. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930094542
- Su, Junlong, Fei Ling, Miaolin Zhou, Xiaojian Chen, and Yongwen Yang. 2023. “A Novel Method of UAV Autonomous Precise Landing by Machine Vision.” In International Conference on Optics and Machine Vision (ICOMV 2023), edited by Jinping Liu. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2678629
- Suchomel, C. 1987. “Nonlinear Flying Qualities: One Approach.” In 25th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1987-347. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-347
- Sudhakar, S., C. Ramprasadh, Prem Savarinathan, and J. Avila. 2025. “Flight Dynamics Modelling and Simulation of a Tailless UCAV Lambda Wing Configuration.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (8): 930–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2024-0241
- Suggett, G. W. 1960. “Deck Landing Problems.” Journal of the Royal Aeronautical Society 64 (600): 767–767. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0368393100073910
- Sugino, Satoshi, Akinori Harada, and Koichi Oka. 2019. “Flight Control System Design of Unmanned Fixed Wing Aircraft by CG Position Shifting.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2019.16 (0): C112. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2019.16.c112
- Suh, Peter, Jacob Wilson, Felipe Valdez, et al. n.d. “A Preliminary Controllability and Dynamic Power Assessment of the Open eVTOL RAVEN Vehicle.” In Aerospace Control and Guidance Systems Committee Meeting #137. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20260009560
- Sulkoske, R. A., R. N. Tucker, and J. E. Holmes. 1977. V/STOL Shaft Propulsion System Analytical Performance Model. AIAA PAPER 77-582. General Motors Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052088
- Sullivan, Thomas M. 1972. “Suitability of the CL-84 Tiltwing Aircraft for the Sea Control Ship System.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/720852
- Sullivan, John P. 1973. An Experimental Investigation of Vortex Rings and Helicopter Rotor Wakes Using a Laser Doppler Velocimeter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0778768
- Sully, P. R., and D. C. Whittley. 1987. “The Synthesis of Ejector Lift/Vectored Thrust for STOVL.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/872378
- Sun, Jingxuan, Boyang Li, Lu Shen, Chih-Keng Chen, and Chih-Yung Wen. 2017. “Dynamic Modeling and Hardware-In-Loop Simulation for a Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Hovering Flight.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-0811. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0811
- Sun, Xiangcheng, Yichen Wang, and Xian Wang. 2026. “Investigation on the Vortical Interference between Typical Rotor Configurations and a Tilting Wing in an Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Physics of Fluids 38 (4): 045106. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0308470
- Sunil, Shashank. n.d. “Development and Testing of a Simulation Environment for an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” PhD diss., Carleton University. https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2014-10131
- Suñol, A., D. Vucinic, and S. Vanlanduit. 2014. “CFD Modelling of the Coanda Based Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In Advanced Structured Materials. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02836-1_6
- Suñol, Anna, Tao Yang, and Dean Vučinić. 2015. “Experimental Identification of the Detachment Point on the ACHEON Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-2464
- Suo, wenkai, Wengang Hu, Xia Li, and Yan Zhang. 2019. “Research on Autonomous Landing of UAV Based on Vision Sequence Image.” In Pacific Rim Laser Damage 2019: Optical Materials for High-Power Lasers, edited by Jianda Shao, Takahisa Jitsuno, Wolfgang Rudolph. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2535760
- Suppes, Adam, and Galen Suppes. 2026. “Qualitative Validation Lifting Body VTOL with Stagnation Plates.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.33774/coe-2026-7rzmb
- Suresh, Ambady. 2020. “A Simple Model of Rotor Upwash in Ground Effect.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1999. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1999
- Suresh, Shalini, and Ashwini Ratnoo. 2019. “Fixed-Wing UAV Guidance for Autonomous Landing on a Translating Platform.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1170. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1170
- Surmann, Denis, Stephan Myschik, and Purav Panchal. 2024. “Integrated Flight Control System Architecture and Robustness Analysis for a Lift-to-Cruise Aircraft with Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0080-2024-1206
- Surmann, Denis, Maria Zrenner, and Stephan Myschik. 2022. “Flight Performance Evaluation of a Conceptual eVTOL System Using Nonlinear Simulations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2220. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2220
- Suszyński, Jakub Michał, Mariusz Kowalski, and Tomasz Antoniewski. 2025. “Kinematic Simulation in the Aircraft Landing Gear Design and Optimization Process.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (7): 845–56. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-01-2025-0003
- Sutherland, L. C. 1973. “Near-Field Environments of VTOL Jets.” Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 53 (1_Supplement): 331–331. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1982366
- Sutton, Fred B., and Donald A. Buell. 1952. The Effect of an Operating Propeller on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 1/10-Scale Model of the Lockheed XFV-1 Airplane at High Subsonic Speeds (TED No. NACA DE-377). NACA-RM-SA52E06. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Ames Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20090026346
- Sutton, Lawrence R., Richard P. White, and Robert L. 1982. Wind-Tunnel Evaluation of an Aeroelastically Conformable Rotor. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada114384
- Suzuki, Yudai, William Dunham, Ilya Kolmanovsky, and Anouck Girard. 2019. “Failure Detection and Control of Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft Engines.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0109. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0109
- Swaim, R. L. 1971. “Control of V/STOL Aircraft in Turbulence.” In ROYAL AERONAUTICAL SOCIETY. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19710049079
- Swaim, R. 1978. “Effects of Dynamic Aeroelasticity on Handling Qualities and Pilot Rating.” In 4th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1978-1365. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1365
- Swaim, R. 1981. “An Analytical Pilot Rating Method for Highly Elastic Aircraft.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1981-1772. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1772
- Swanson, Robert S. 1942. Determination of the Stability and Control Characteristics of Airplanes from Tests of Powered Models. NACA-WR-L-710. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092509
- Swanson, Robert S. 1943. Wind-Tunnel Tests of a Twin-Engine Model to Determine the Effect of Direction of Propeller Rotation on the Static-Stability Characteristics. NACA-WR-L-295. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930092572
- Swanson, Alexandra. 1993. “Application of the Shadowgraph Flow Visualization Technique to a Full-Scale Helicopter Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3411. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3411
- Swaraj, Patil, Loukik Deshpande, Tanishka Verma, Vedika Garg, Dekkala Vinay, and V. R. Sanal Kumar. 2023. “Lucrative Thrust Vectoring Using Variable Area Ratio Altitude Compensation Pintle Nozzle for Single Stage to Orbit Vehicles.” In 2023 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2023-77033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-77033
- Swarnkar, Swati, Hardik Parwana, Mangal Kothari, and Abhishek Abhishek. 2018b. “Development of Flight Dynamics Model and Control of Biplane-Quadrotor UAV.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1851. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1851
- Swick, Robert M., and Charles A. Skarvan. 1967. Investigation of Coordinated Free Turbine Engine Control Systems for Multiengine Helicopters. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0666796
- Swift, G., and H. Bartel. 1989. “Fluctuating Pressures on Wing Surfaces in the Slipstream of a Single-Rotor Propfan.” In 12th Aeroacoustic Conference. AIAA 1989-1058. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-1058
- Sykes, Daniel J., Max Jones, Alexander Mesny, and Carl M. Sangan. 2025. “Aerodynamics of an Ogival Double Delta Wing: Control Authority with Split Elevons.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0655. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0655
- Sykora, Brian. 2012. “BAE Systems Brownout Landing Aid System Technology (BLAST) System Overview and Flight Test Results.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 8360. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.918506
- Symposium on Advanced Flow Management. Part A: Vortex Flows and High Angle of Attack for Military Vehicles. Part B: Heat Transfer and Cooling in Propulsion and Power Systems. 2001. AC/323(AVT-072/073)TP/47-Pt-A-B. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20040040215
- Syrovy, George, and Siamak Yassini. 2003. “Development of an Advanced Single Tilt Disc System VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000053
- System in-Flight Testing. 2010. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470664797.ch20
- Systems, Cadence Design, Samuel O. Afari, Cadence Design Systems, et al. 2025. “Performance and Noise Predictions of the Joby eVTOL Propeller NFAC Wind Tunnel Test Using GPU-Accelerated Large-Eddy Simulations.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0085
- Syuy, TSzyasyue. 2024. “Development of a Correction Algorithm for the Integrated Navigation System of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in the Landing Task on a Moving Platform.” Automation Modern Techologies: 307–10. https://doi.org/10.36652/0869-4931-2024-78-7-307-310
- Syverud, Elisabet, Saeed Farokhi, Ray Taghavi, and Dan Neuhart. 1993. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Delta Wing with a Body-Hinged Leading-Edge Extension.” In 11th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1993-3446. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3446
- Szabolcsi, Róbert. 2019. “Model Predictive Control Applied in UAV Flight Path Tracking Missions.” Review of the Air Force Academy 17 (1): 49–62. https://doi.org/10.19062/1842-9238.2019.17.1.7
- Szczepaniak, Paweł, Michał Jóźko, and Jakub Włodarczyk. 2019. “The Concept of a Pneumatic Parachute Rescue System for Vertical Take-Off and Landing UAVs.” Journal of KONBiN 49 (2): 79–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0026
- Szlenkier, T. K. 1972. “A Common Design Approach to STOL and Y/STOL Transport Aircraft.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 44 (3): 10–15. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034878
- Szuch, John R. 1978. “Models for Jet Engine Systems Part I Techniques for Jet Engine Systems Modeling.” In Control and Dynamic Systems. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-012714-6.50009-x
- Szymanski, Maxime, Georges Ghazi, and Ruxandra M. Botez. 2025. “Enhanced Neural Network Model for Aircraft Flight Dynamics Prediction from Flight Test Data: Business Aircraft Application.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2228. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2228
- Sørensen, Claus B., Erik Mosekilde, and Péter Gránásy. 1996. “Nonlinear Dynamics of a Vectored Thrust Aircraft.” Physica Scripta T67: 176–83. https://doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/1996/t67/034
- Taboada, Isaac, Pedro J. Boschetti, and Pedro J. González. 2018. “Contribution of a Running Propeller in the Longitudinal Stability of an Airplane by an Analytical-Empirical Analysis.” In 2018 AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2018-0776. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-0776
- Tafti, D. K., and S. P. Vanka. 1990. Hot Gas Environment around STOVL Aircraft in Ground Proximity. II: Numerical Study. AIAA PAPER 90-2270. Illinois Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900055711
- Tagade, P. M., S. K. Sane, and K. Sudhakar. 2010. “Startup Simulation of Twin Spool Turbofan Engine.” International Journal of Turbo and Jet Engines 27 (3–4). https://doi.org/10.1515/tjj.2010.27.3-4.265
- Tagashira, Takeshi, Takuya Mizuno, Masaharu Koh, and Nanahisa Sugiyama. 2009. “ATF Test Evaluation of Model Based Control for a Single Spool Turbojet Engine.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Ceramics; Coal, Biomass and Alternative Fuels; Controls, Diagnostics and Instrumentation; Education; Electric Power; Awards and Honors. ASMEDC. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2009-59854
- Taher, Faisal Prodhan Abu Said Md, Fahad Abul Kalam, and Fatema Tuz Zohra. 2026. “Tilt-Duct eVTOL Aircraft Design: Aerodynamics, Propulsion and Structural Validation.” Preprint, Research Square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-9985036/v1
- Tai, Tsze, and John Vorwald. 1993. “Simulation of V-22 Rotorcraft Hover Flowfield.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4878. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4878
- Tajuddin, Nurulhuda, Mazuriah Said, Nur Amalina Musa, et al. 2025. “Influences of Angle of Attack, Reynolds Number and Leading Edge Bluntness on Inner Vortex Characterization of Blunt-Edged VFE-2 Delta Wing.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 97 (4): 405–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-05-2024-0145
- Takagi, Hiroharu, and Norio Inumaru. 1967. “Wind Tunnel Investigations of the Twin-Propeller Deflected Slipstream STOL Airplane Mode.” Journal of the Japan Society of Aeronautical Engineering 15 (167): 398–407. https://doi.org/10.2322/jjsass1953.15.398
- Takahashi, Marc D. 1991. “Helicopter Flight-Control Design Using an H(2) Method.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910065087
- Takahashi, Marc D. 1994. “Rotor-State Feedback in the Design of Flight Control Laws for a Hovering Helicopter.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 39 (1). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940038825
- Takahashi, Marc, Chad L. Goerzen, Matthew Whalley, et al. 2016. “Autonomous Rotorcraft Flight Control with Multi-Level Pilot Interaction in Hover and Forward Flight.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0072-2016-11566
- Takahashi, Timothy T., Jack A. Griffin, and Ramana V. Grandhi. 2023. “A Review of High-Speed Aircraft Stability and Control Challenges.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3231. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3231
- Takahashi, Timothy T., and Nathan A. Stone. 2019. “Aircraft Performance Impacts of Power and Bleed Air Extraction on a COTS Engine Powered UAS.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1309
- Takahashi, Marc D., Matthew S. Whalley, Mohammadreza Hossein Mansur, Ltc Carl Ott, Maj Joseph S. Minor, and Maj Zachariah G. Morford. 2017. “Autonomous Rotorcraft Flight Control with Multilevel Pilot Interaction in Hover and Forward Flight.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 62 (3): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.62.032009
- Takallu, M. A., and G. L. Gentry Jr. 1992. Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Propeller Powered High Lift Semispan Wing. AIAA PAPER 92-0388. Lockheed Engineering and Sciences Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920043620
- Takita, Yoshihiro, Taiki Hirai, and Masashi Kashitani. 2015. “C203 Development of VTOL UAV with Fixed Wing: Design of Fuselage and Stable Hovering Control System.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2015.14 (0): 351–54. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2015.14.351
- Takita, Yoshihiro, and Masashi Kashitani. 2016. “Development for VTOL UAV:: Tailless Wing Configuration and Aerodynamic Force -.” Proceedings of the Dynamics & Design Conference 2016 (0): 431. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmedmc.2016.431
- Takita, Yoshihiro, and Masashi Kashitani. 2017. “Development for VTOL UAV:: Aerodynamics of Tailless Wing With/without a Hole –.” Proceedings of the Symposium on the Motion and Vibration Control 2017.15 (0): A13. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmemovic.2017.15.a13
- Tal, Ezra A., and Sertac Karaman. 2021b. “Global Trajectory-Tracking Control for a Tailsitter Flying Wing in Agile Uncoordinated Flight.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3214. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3214
- Tamayo, Alejandro J. Malo, Juan M. Ibarra Zannatha, and Santos M. Orozco Soto. 2018. “Multirotor Modeling & Quadrotor Control Flow Diagram Matrix Based Control.” In Modelling, Simulation and Identification / 858: Intelligent Systems and Control. ACTAPRESS. https://doi.org/10.2316/p.2018.858-020
- Tanabe, Fumimasa, Toru Shigemitsu, and Masafumi Miwa. 2015. “1319 Development of Contra-Rotating Ducted Fan for VTOL UAV.” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2015.53 (0): _1319-1_-_1319-2_. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2015.53._1319-1_
- Tanaka, Keiji. 1993. “Issues on Pilot Workload in Aircraft Control.” Japanese Journal of Ergonomics 29 (Supplement): 70–71. https://doi.org/10.5100/jje.29.supplement_70
- Tang, Peng, Shuna Liu, and Chen Zheng. 2021. “Design of Flight Control Law of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8155-7_391
- Tang, Wei, and Bi-Feng Song. 2018. “Transitional Flight Equilibrium and Performance Study for the X-NMRL Tail-Sitter VTOL MAV.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233 (8): 3056–77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0954410018794731
- Tang, Wei, Bifeng Song, Yu Cao, Wenqing Yang, and Meng Wang. 2017. “The Investigation on Aerodynamic Performance of the X-Wing Tail-Sitter VTOL MAV.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3750. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3750
- Taniguchi, Shota, and Akira Oyama. 2022. “Numerical Analysis of Propeller Mounting Position Effects on Aerodynamic Propeller/Wing Interaction.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0153. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0153
- Tao, Zhi, Yanan Li, Haiwang Li, Gang Xie, and Mingxing Yu. 2024. “Design, Modeling, and Testing of Hybrid-Electric Fixed-Wing VTOL Aircraft Propulsion System.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1107-9_59
- Tape, Robert, Ronald Glidewell, and David Berndt. 1987. “STOL Characteristics of a Tactical Aircraft with Thrust Vectoring Nozzles.” In 23rd Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1987-1835. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-1835
- Tapia, Manuel H., and Gabriel P. Intano. 1976. Light-Line Visual Landing Head-Up Display (HUD) Evaluation, Phase 1. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada021903
- Tapscott, Robert J. 1960a. “Criteria for Control and Response Characteristics of Helicopters and VTOL Aircraft in Hovering and Low-Speed Flight.” In Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (IAS). https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150018614
- Tapscott, R. J. 1960b. Criteria for Primary Handling Qualities Characteristic of VTOL Aircraft in Hovering and Low-Speed Flight. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004822
- Tapscott, R. J. 1960c. “Criteria for Primary Handling Qualities Characteristics of VTOL Aircraft in Hovering and Low-Speed Flight.” In NASA Conf. on V(STOL Aircraft. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740076595
- Tapscott, R. J. 1960d. Helicopters and VTOL Aircraft. Criteria for Control and Response Characteristics in Hovering and Low-Speed Flight. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630042118
- Tapscott, Robert J. 1964. “Review of Helicopter Handling-Qualities Criteria and Summary of Recent Flight Handling-Qualities Studies.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f20-002
- Tapscott, Robert J., and Henry L. Kelley. 1960. A Flight Study of the Conversion Maneuver of a Tilt-Duct VTOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-372. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227756
- Tauber, M. E., A. E. Fuhs, and J. A. Paterson. 1976. A Program for Calculating Turbofan-Driven Lift-Fan Propulsion System Performance. NASA-TM-X-73173. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770006118
- Taubert, Lutz, Garrett A. Kay, and Israel J. Wygnanski. 2021. “On the Hybrid Tilt-Wing, Tilt Propeller, Active Flow Control Enabled Runway Independent Airplane.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2815. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2815
- Taylor, John. 1988. “A Static Investigation of a Simultaneous Pitch and Yaw Thrust Vectoring 2-D C-D Nozzle.” In 24th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1988-2998. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2998
- Taylor, Gordon, and Ismet Gursul. 2004. “Lift Enhancement over a Flexible Delta Wing.” In 2nd AIAA Flow Control Conference. AIAA 2004-2618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-2618
- Taylor, Brian, and Seung Yoo. 2011. “Engine Yaw Augmentation for Hybrid-Wing-Body Aircraft via Optimal Control Allocation Techniques.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6253. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6253
- Taylor, L., Jr., and G. Miller Jr. 1982. “An Analytical Technique for the Analysis of Airplane Spin Entry and Recovery.” In 20th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1982-243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-243
- Tcherak, Anis, Hakim Kbab, Abdelkrim Haddad, and Omar Abada. 2026. “Numerical Investigation of Fluidic Thrust Vectoring in an Elliptical Dual-Bell Rocket Nozzle Using Shock Vector Control.” Technical Physics 71 (8): 661–71. https://doi.org/10.1134/s1063784226600542
- Technology, Advanced Rotorcraft, Zoren Habana, Advanced Rotorcraft Technology, et al. 2025. “Aerodynamics of Airfoils in Reverse Flow and Impact on Flight Dynamics Simulation of VTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0093
- Teel, Andrew R. 1999a. Robust Nonlinear Control of Tailless Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada367415
- Teel, Andrew R. 1999b. Robust Nonlinear Control of Tailless Fighter Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada367012
- Tekinalp, Ozan, Sinem Isik, and Ilkay Yavrucuk. 2011. “Fault Tolerant Control of an over Actuated UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6413. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6413
- Telford, A., and A. Vasiloff. 1968. “Rapid Preparation of VTOL Aircraft Landing Sites.” In 2nd Simulation and Support Conference. AIAA 1968-270. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1968-270
- Telionis, Demetri P. 1990. The Transient Development of Vortices over a Delta Wing. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada231946
- Templin, Thomas, Thomas A. Chmielewski, and Bor-Chin Chang. n.d. “Flight Dynamics and Control of a Scale Model of the Canadair CL-84 Tiltwing Aircraft.” PhD diss., Drexel University. https://doi.org/10.17918/00000274
- Teng, Tianhang, Tony Zhang, and Peter R. Grant. 2016. “Semi-Analytical and Empirical Approaches to Aircraft Configuration Effects on Post-Stall Aerodynamics: Invited.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2016-1040. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-1040
- Teodosio, Thiago, Roberto Gil Annes Da Silva, and João Luiz F. Azevedo. 2024. “A Study on Propeller-Wing Interaction and the Analysis of the Effect of Blockage on Propeller Performance.” In Procceedings of the 20th Brazilian Congress of Thermal Sciences and Engineering. ABCM. https://doi.org/10.26678/abcm.encit2024.cit24-0403
- Terpecz, Gábor. 2023. “eVTOL Légi Járművek Biztonsága.” Repüléstudományi Közlemények 35 (1): 81–99. https://doi.org/10.32560/rk.2023.1.7
- Terpecz, Gábor, and György Schuster. 2024. “Személyzet Nélküli eVTOL Légi Járművek Biztonsági Kihívásai.” Repüléstudományi Közlemények 36 (1): 81–96. https://doi.org/10.32560/rk.2024.1.7
- Terpecz, Gábor, and György Schuster. 2025. “Reliability Factors of Unmanned eVTOL Vehicles.” Repüléstudományi Közlemények 37 (1): 83–102. https://doi.org/10.32560/rk.2025.1.6
- Thato Elijah and Rui Vasconcellos. 2026. “Manufacturing Review and Flight-Test Evaluation of the AQUILA Fixed-Wing Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” Journal Electrical and Computer Experiences 4 (1): 8–17. https://doi.org/10.59535/jece.v4i1.450
- Theodore, Colin R., Gina C. Willink, Carl R. Russell, Alexander R. Amy, and Ashley E. Pete. 2014. “Wind Tunnel Testing of a 120th Scale Large Civil Tilt-Rotor Model in Airplane and Helicopter Modes.” In Decennial AHS Aeromechanics Specialists’’ Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20140012545
- Theodorsen, Th. 1960. Theoretical Investigation of Ducted Propeller Aerodynamics, Volume 2. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0240849
- Theodorsen, Th., and G. Nomicos. 1961. Theoretical Investigation of Ducted Propeller Aerodynamics, Volume 3. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0266411
- Theron, Jean-Pierre, Daniel A. Wachspress, Jacob Enciu, and Joseph F. Horn. 2020. “Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for Urban Air Mobility Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16396
- Thibault, E. A. 1964. Estimation of STOL A/C Take-off Distances. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0603375
- Thillaikumar, T., Pradhyumn Bhale, and Mrinal Kaushik. 2020. “Experimental Investigations on the Strut Controlled Thrust Vectoring of a Supersonic Nozzle.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 13 (04). https://doi.org/10.36884/jafm.13.04.31069
- Thipyopas, Chinnapat, and Jean-Marc Moschetta. 2010. “Experimental Analysis of a Fixed-Wing VTOL MAV in Ground Effect.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 2 (1): 33–53. https://doi.org/10.1260/1756-8293.2.1.33
- Thirumaleshwar Hegde, Navya, V. I. George, and C. Gurudas Nayak. 2021. “Tri-Tilting Rotor Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV: Dynamic Modelling and Transition Flight Control.” In 2021 International Symposium on Electrical, Electronics and Information Engineering. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3459104.3459118
- Thirumaleshwar Hegde, Navya, V. I. George, C. Gurudas Nayak, and Kamlesh Kumar. 2020. “Transition Flight Modeling and Robust Control of a VTOL Unmanned Quad Tilt-Rotor Aerial Vehicle.” Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 18 (3): 1252. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v18.i3.pp1252-1261
- Thomas, Richard O. 1967. Wind-Tunnel Investigations of a 1/20-SCALE Powered Model Open-Ocean V/ STOL Seaplane. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0651099
- Thomas, Jeffrey, and C. Lan. 1991. “The Simulation and Correction of Wind Tunnel Wall Interference on Delta Wing Lift Using Navier-Stokes and Euler Solutions.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3300. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3300
- Thomas, George L., and Brian Malone. 2023. “Power System Redundancy Design Trends for All-Electric eVTOL Quadrotors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-1209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-1209
- Thomas, Femi, and S. J. Mija. 2022. “Hover Autopilot Design for an Un-Crewed Helicopter Using Static Output Feedback Controller.” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 40 (2): 137. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2022.124728
- Thomas, Peter, Thomas Richardson, and Alastair Cooke. 2012. “Estimation of Stability and Control Derivatives for a Piper Cub J-3 Remotely Piloted Vehicle.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2012-5013. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-5013
- Thomason, Tommy H. 1978. “The Promise of Tilt Rotor.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 50 (7): 11–13. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb035465
- Thomason, Tommy H. 1982. “The VTOL TiltRotor Aircraft: Offshore Oil Support Capability.” In Offshore Technology Conference. https://doi.org/10.4043/4380-ms
- Thome, Michael, Jimmy Moore, W. Douglas Scalf, and Scott Dennis. 1999. “The Use of Simulation and Modeling for Acquisition, Requirements, and Training (SMART) in the Virtual Cockpit Optimization Program (VCOP) in Support of Vertical Take-Off and Landing (VTOL) Technologies.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f55-00177
- Thompson, David. 1965. “Automatic Vectoring and Landing of Carrier Based High Performance Aircraft.” In Guidance Control Conference. AIAA 1965-1209. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-1209
- Thompson, S., S. Batill, and R. Nelson. 1990. “Delta Wing Surface Pressures for High Angle of Attack Maneuvers.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2813. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2813
- Throneberry, Glen, Adam Takeshita, Christopher M. Hocut, Fangjun Shu, and Abdessattar Abdelkefi. 2021a. “Experimental Investigation on the Drone-Wake Interaction of Multi-Rotor Systems in Forward Flight.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0938. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0938
- Throneberry, Glen, Adam Takeshita, Christopher Hocut, Fangjun Shu, and Abdessattar Abdelkefi. 2021b. “Experimental Investigations on Wake Propagation of Multi-Rotor Drones.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.1115/1.0002236v
- “Thrust Vector Control.” 2026. In Advanced Space Propulsion. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-44-333809-0.00044-5
- “Thrust Vectoring of a Supersonic Rectangular Nozzle by Using Different Plate Extensions.” 2020. Journal of Xidian University 14 (10). https://doi.org/10.37896/jxu14.10/016
- “Thrust-Induced Effects on Pitching-up Delta Wing Flow Field.” 1994. In 12th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1994-1856. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-1856
- “Thrust-to-Weight Ratio and Wing Loading.” 2024. In Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Seventh Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624107290.0119.0150
- Tian, Baolin, Haitao Yu, Gao Haibo, Zhen Liu, Hongying Yu, and Zongquan Deng. 2021. “Configuration Design and Scale Optimization of the Support Legs of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Vehicle.” Journal of Mechanical Engineering 57 (15): 33. https://doi.org/10.3901/jme.2021.15.033
- Tianchun, L. Y., Xiaoda Li, Yongliang Wu, and Xiaowen Shan. 2023. “Large Angle of Attack Prediction for Tail-Sitter Using ANN-Based Flush Air Data Sensing.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_648
- Tiberio fernandez, Luiz Fernando. n.d. “Controllability-Aware Multidisciplinary Design Optimization of Small Vertical Take-off and Landing Vehicles.” PhD diss., Toulouse, École nationale de l’aviation civile. https://doi.org/10.70675/992bc404zf954z43adz9f11z4b041464d4ba
- Tich, E. 1991. “Propulsion System Requirements for Pitch and Vertical-Axis Control of a Lift-Plus-Lift/cruise Aircraft without Reaction Controls.” In Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1991-2795. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2795
- Tijani, Ismaila B., Rini Akmeliawati, Ari Legowo, Agus Budiyono, and A. G. Abdul Muthalif. 2011. “H∞ Robust Controller for Autonomous Helicopter Hovering Control.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 83 (6): 363–74. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022661111173243
- “Time-Domain Unsteady Aerodynamics for Low-Speed Flight.” 2023. In Dynamics of Flexible Aircraft. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108354868.008
- Tinney, Charles E., and John A. Valdez. 2024. “Hover Performance and Acoustics of a 35% Scale Notional eVTOL Rotor.” In 30th AIAA/CEAS Aeroacoustics Conference (2024). AIAA 2024-3219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3219
- Tischler, Mark. 1987. “Assessment of Digital Flight-Control Technology for Advanced Combat Rotorcraft.” In Proceedings of the AHS Specialists Meeting on Rotorcraft Flight Controls and Avionics - Cherry Hill, New Jersey 1987. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_avionics_1987-1838
- Tischler, Mark B. 2018. “System Identification Methods for Aircraft Flight Control Development and Validation.” In Advances in Aircraft Flight Control. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315136820-2
- Tischler, M., and J. Barlow. 1980. “Determination of the Spin and Recovery Characteristics of a Typical Low-Wing General Aviation Design.” In 18th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1980-169. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-169
- Tischler, Mark B., Daniel J. Biezad, and Rendy Cheng. 1996. Controls Design with Crossfeeds for Hovering Rotorcraft Using Quantitative Feedback Theory. NASA-CR-200085. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19960014822
- Tischler, M., and R. Hoh. 1982. “Handling Qualities Criteria for Flight Path Control of V/STOL Aircraft.” In 9th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1982-1292. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1292
- Tischler, M., J. Leung, and D. Dugan. 1983. “Frequency-Domain Identification of XV-15 Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Dynamics.” In 2nd Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 1983-2695. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2695
- Tiwari, Astha. 2017. “Position Control of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle from a Mobile Ground Vehicle.” PhD diss.. https://doi.org/10.37099/mtu.dc.etdr/470
- Toader, A., Elie Carafoli”, , Bucharest, Romania, and G. Tecuceanu. 2018. “Testing Platform for the Validation of Vertical Take-off and Vertical Landing (VTVL) Control Algorithms.” International Journal of Modeling and Optimization 8 (4): 236–40. https://doi.org/10.7763/ijmo.2018.v8.657
- Tobak, M., and L. Schiff. 1974. “Nonlinear Aerodynamics of Aircraft in High-Angle-of-Attack Maneuvers.” In 12th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1974-85. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-85
- Tobing, Sheila. n.d. “Computational Investigation on Aerodynamic and Stability Characteristics of a Vertical Take-off and Landing Micro Air Vehicle.” PhD diss., Nanyang Technological University. https://doi.org/10.32657/10356/19014
- Tokarski, Frank, Mihir Desai, Martin Books, and Raymond Zagranski. 1994. Hot Gas Ingestion Effects on Fuel Control Surge Recovery and AH-1 Rotor Drive Train Torque Spikes. NASA-CR-191047. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940030487
- Tokuoka, Shigetoshi, Yoshiki Yamagata, and Yoshiaki Ohkami. 2025. “Research on Optimal Power Source for Passenger Transport eVTOL.” Transactions of the JSME (in Japanese) 91 (942): 24-00256-24-00256. https://doi.org/10.1299/transjsme.24-00256
- Tol, Henry J., Coen C. de Visser, Erik-Jan Van Kampen, and Q. Ping Chu. 2013. “Multivariate Simplex Spline Based Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control of High Performance Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) Conference. AIAA 2013-4925. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4925
- Tomaine, R. L., W. H. Bryant, and W. F. Hodge. 1978. “VALT Parameter Identification Flight Test.” In European Rotorcraft and Powered Lift Aircraft Forum. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780061530
- Tomczyk, Andrzej. 2001. “Handling Qualities Augmentation System for General Aviation Aircraft.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-4264. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-4264
- Tomczyk, Andrzej. 2002. “A Proposal of Handling Qualities Shaping for General Aviation Aircraft.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 74 (6): 534–49. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660210448456
- Tomczyk, Andrzej. 2008. “Flying Laboratory for Aircraft Handling Qualities Evaluation.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6352. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6352
- Tonannavar, Sanketh, and Ashish Garg. 2026. “Structural Mechanics, Aeroacoustics and Aerodynamics of eVTOL Aircraft: Review of Green Aviation Challenges and Design Solutions for Urban Air Mobility.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.15006718/v1
- Toney, E. W. 1974. Thrust Vector Control for V/STOL Aircraft. ARC-10788. McDonnell-Douglas Corp. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740000049
- Tong, Wang, Hao Wu, ZhengRan Zhou, Satoshi Suzuki, and Wei Wang. 2026. “Real-Time Two-Stage Screening Framework for UAV Autonomous Landing in Unknown Environments.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6022948
- Tong, Bing-gang, Xie-yuan Yin, and De-jun Sun. 1993. “The Refinements of Vortex Methods and High Angle-of-Attack Flow Simulation.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_7
- Topczewski, Sebastian, and Przemyslaw Bibik. 2023. “LQR and LQG Control of the Helicopter during Landing on the Ship Deck.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (9): 1344–52. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2022-0291
- Torella, Giovanni, and Giulio Liotti. 1993. “Calculation of Control Laws for the Digital Fuel Control Unit of a Small Thrust Turbojet.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/931411
- Torno, Holman, Brody Armstrong, Gary Munsell, Stephen Galindo, and Ondrej Juhasz. 2023. “System Identification and Flight Dynamics Analysis of a Quad-Biplane Tail-Sitter Aircraft in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0627. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0627
- Torshizi, Kasra, Donald H. Costello, and Pratap Tokekar. 2026. “Autonomous Drone Performance during Maritime Integration for Gust Response: Lab Experiment.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2065. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2065
- Tosti, Louis P. 1959. Flight Investigation of the Stability and Control Characteristics of a 1/4-Scale Model of a Tilt-Wing Vertical-Take-Off-and-Landing Aircraft. NASA-MEMO-11-4-58L. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228235
- Tosti, Louis P. 1961. Rapid-Transition Tests of a 1/4-Scale Model of the VZ-2 Tilt-Wing Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-946. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227992
- Tosti, L. P. 1962. Longitudinal Stability and Control of a Tilt-Wing VTOL Aircraft with Rigid and Flapping Propeller Blades. NASA-TN-D-1365. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19620003850
- Tosti, Louis, P., Edwin E. Davenport, and Marion O. McKinney. 1954. Dynamic Stability and Control Characteristics of a Cascade-Wing Vertically Rising Airplane Model in Take-Offs, Landings, and Hovering Flight. NACA-TN-3198. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930083891
- Totah, Joseph J. 1991. Description of a Tilt Wing Mathematical Model for Piloted Simulation. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920031821
- Totah, Joseph J. 1992. A Mathematical Model of a Tilt-Wing Aircraft for Piloted Simulation. NASA-TM-103864. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920010605
- Totah, Joseph J., and William Patterson. 1988. Control of a Human-Powered Helicopter in Hover. NASA-TM-101029. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890004067
- Traas, Tim, Direnc Atmaca, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2026. “Hybrid Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control with Flight Envelope Protection for Flying Wing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0549. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0549
- “Transition Dynamics of VTOL Aircraft.” 2010. In Multiple Scales Theory and Aerospace Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600867644.0293.0305
- Traum, Matthew J. 2011. “Elevators in Autogyro Propeller Wake Enable Low-Speed Pitch Control.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 83 (3): 154–59. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022661111131249
- Traven, Ricardo, and Susan E. Whitley. 1995. Developing Flight Test Techniques to Ensure Proper Rigging of Highly Augmented Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada300965
- Tremblay, Zachary. 2026. “Design and Early Validation of a Single-Passenger eVTOL for Rapid Emergency Response.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4654. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4654
- Trenka, Andrew R. 1966. Development of a Method for Predicting the Performance and Stresses of Vtol-Type Propellers. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0635951
- Trenka, Andrew R. 1967. Performance and Stresses Obtained on an Isolated Vtol-Type Propeller Operating in Hovering, Transitional, and Axial Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0661087
- Tritschler, John K., and Roberto Celi. 2012. Modeling Issues in the Prediction of the Modulation Transfer Function of a Brownout Cloud. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f68-000253
- Tritschler, John, Roberto Celi, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2012. “A Methodology for Rotorcraft Brownout Mitigation through Flight Path Optimization.” In Proceedings of the AHS International 68th Annual Forum and Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f68-000134
- Tritschler, John K., Joseph I. Milluzzo, and John Holder. 2019. “Performance Effects of Hover in-Ground-Effect over Sloped Terrain.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14520
- Tritschler, John K., Monica Syal, Roberto Celi, and J. Gordon Leishman. 2010. “A Methodology for Rotorcraft Brownout Mitigation Using Rotor Design Optimization.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000427
- Tromp, Jeffrey. 1998. “Flowfield Simulation about a 65-Degree Delta Wing during Constant Roll-Rate Motions.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4453. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4453
- Trujillo, A. C. n.d. “Pilot Mental Workload with Predictive System Status Information.” In Proceedings Fourth Annual Symposium on Human Interaction with Complex Systems. IEEE Comput. Soc. https://doi.org/10.1109/huics.1998.659958
- Truong, Hung D., Abderahmane Marouf, Yannick Hoarau, Jan B. Vos, and Alain Gehri. 2023. “Optimization of Synthetic Jet to Enhance the Aerodynamic Performance of a VTOL Aircraft at Real Flight Conditions.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0250. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0250
- Trusfus, Mikhail, and Ilfir Abdullin. 2021. “Marker Images Detection Algorithm for the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Vertical Landing.” Trudy MAI, no. 116: 13–13. https://doi.org/10.34759/trd-2021-116-13
- Trussa, Colin W., Clifford A. Whitfield, Jacob A. Brandon, and Matthew McCrink. 2021. “Low-Speed Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Delta Wing with Articulated Wing Tips.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-2536. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-2536
- Trussa, Colin W., Clifford A. Whitfield, Lian Duan, and Jacob A. Brandon. 2022. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Flat Plate Delta Wing with Deflected Wing Tips.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3297. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3297
- Tsai, Allen. 2008. “Landing Phase Visual Navigation for a Tail Sitting Vertical Takeoff and Landing UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-7240. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7240
- Tsai, Allen C., Peter W. Gibbens, and R. Hugh Stone. n.d. “Visual Position Estimation for Automatic Landing of a Tail-Sitter Vertical Takeoff and Landing Unmanned Air Vehicle.” In Mechatronics and Machine Vision in Practice. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-74027-8_14
- Tsai, H., C. Leck, L. Guarino, and K. Lee. 1995. “Euler/Navier-Stokes Analysis of Vortical Flow about Rounded Leading Edge Delta Wing.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1847. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1847
- Tsubakino, Daisuke, and Shunsuke Saito. 2020. “Nonlinear Control of a Pusher-Configured Small Tail-Sitter UAV with Thrust Vectoring.” Proceedings of Conference of Tokai Branch 2020.69 (0): 412. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmetokai.2020.69.412
- Tsuboi, Nobuyuki, A. Koichi Hayashi, Toshi Fujiwara, Kazuo Arashi, and Masaru Kodama. 1991. “Numerical Simulation of a Supersonic Jet Impingement on a Ground.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/912014
- Tsuchiya, Kohei, Yutoku Takahashi, Motoyasu Tanaka, and Kazuo Tanaka. 2022. “Simultaneous Stabilization for Longitudinal and Lateral Dynamics Considering Input Saturation for a Small Flying-Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Only with an Elevon.” Proceedings of JSME annual Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics (Robomec) 2022 (0): 1A1-J06. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmermd.2022.1a1-j06
- Tu, Han, Matthew Marzanek, Melissa A. Green, and David E. Rival. 2019. “Experimental Investigation of Accelerating Non-Slender Delta-Wing Planforms at High Angle of Attack.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-2165. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-2165
- Tuccillo, Michele, and Manuela Ruocco. 2025. “Aircraft Design Capabilities for a System-of-Systems Approach (eVTOL and Seaplane Design).” In EASN 2024. MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2025090021
- Tuck, Dennis. 1970. “IFR Airworthiness Standards for VTOL Aircraft.” In Proceedings of the Specialists Meeting on Environmental Effects on VTOL Designs - Arlington, Texas 1970. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-3097
- Tucker, George E. 1984. “Some Thoughts on the Implementation of Pilot Night Vision Devices for Helicopters.” In Technical Workshop: Advanced Helicopter Cockpit Design Concepts. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850006505
- Tucker, S. G., and J. . L. Garrett. 1962. Beach Stabilization Tests of Landing Mats and Prefabricated Membranes. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0401508
- Tudosie, Alexandru – Nicolae. 2017a. “Aircraft Dual-Shaft Jet Engine with Indirect Action Fuel Flow Controller.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 1836. Author(s). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4982004
- Tumuluru Ramesh, Nikhilesh, and Pradeep V. Pandurangi. 2022. “A Flight Performance Based Optimization Model for eVTOL Vehicles.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.31224/2519
- “Turbojet Engines.” 2022. In Introduction to Aerospace Flight Vehicles. Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. https://doi.org/10.15394/eaglepub.2022.1066.n32
- Turkoglu, Kamran, and Shayan Najafi. 2015. “Conceptual Study and Prototype Design of a Subsonic Transport UAV with VTOL Capabilities.” In 53rd AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2015-1906. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1906
- Turnage, Doris, Brent Towne, Burhman Gates, Christopher Cummins, Robert Ellison, and Clint Barela. 2019. Developmental Design of the Remotely Piloted Vehicle System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.). https://doi.org/10.21079/11681/33234
- Turner, Gary D. 1969. “V/STOL Overwater Operation.” In AIAA Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-791. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-791
- Turner, Howard L., and Fred J. Drinkwater III. 1963. Some Flight Characteristics of a Deflected Slipstream V/STOL Aircraft. NASA-TN-D-1891. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630008786
- Turney, G. E., and J. L. Allen. 1980. Preliminary Study of VTO Thrust Requirements for a V/STOL Aircraft with Lift Plus Lift/cruise Propulsion. NASA-TM-81429. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800010833
- Turpin, Terry, Susan Dowell, and Adolph Atencio. 2006. Comanche Helmet-Mounted Display Heading-Tape Simulation. NASA/CR-2006-212833. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20070003685
- Turpin, Terry S., Brian Sykora, Gregory Neiswander, and Zoltan P. Szoboszlay. 2010. “Brownout Landing Aid System Technology (BLAST).” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f66-000164
- Tušl, Martin, Giuseppe Rainieri, Federico Fraboni, et al. 2020. “Helicopter Pilots’ Tasks, Subjective Workload, and the Role of External Visual Cues during Shipboard Landing.” Journal of Cognitive Engineering and Decision Making 14 (3): 242–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1555343420948720
- Tvaryanas, Anthony P. 2006. Human Factors Considerations in Migration of Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) Operator Control. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada444925
- Tvaryanas, Anthony P., and Genny M. Maupin. 2013. Impact of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Type on Operations Using the Same Control Station: A Natural Experiment. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada591019
- Tyson, Betsy. 1964. “Tests of Air Inlets for Jet Lift Engines.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640796
- Udroiu, Razvan, and Madalina-Ioana Blaj. 2016. “Conceptual Design of a VTOL Remotely Piloted Aircraft for Emergency Missions.” Scientific Research and Education in the AIR Force 18 (1): 207–14. https://doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2016.18.1.27
- Uehara, Daiju, Larry H. Matthies, and Jayant Sirohi. 2019. “Flight Power Modeling of VTOL Aircraft for Exploration of Titan.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14495
- Ueno, Makoto, Takashi Matsuno, and Yoshiaki Nakamura. 1998. “Unsteady Aerodynamics of Rolling Thick Delta Wing with High Aspect Ratio.” In 16th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1998-2520. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-2520
- Ugwueze, Osita, Thomas Statheros, Mike A. Bromfield, and Nadjim Horri. 2023b. “Trends in eVTOL Aircraft Development: The Concepts, Enablers and Challenges.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-2096. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-2096
- Ugwueze, Osita, Thomas Statheros, Nadjim Horri, Mauro Innocente, and Michael Bromfield. 2022. “Investigation of a Mission-Based Sizing Method for Electric VTOL Aircraft Preliminary Design.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1931. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1931
- Ul Haq, Rana H., Direnc Atmaca, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2026. “Adaptive Incremental Dynamic Inversion for Fault-Tolerant Flight Control of a Flying Wing.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-1744. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-1744
- Ulbrich, Norbert. 2010. “Correlation of Wind Tunnel and Flight Test Results for a P-51B Airplane.” In 48th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting Including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2010-742. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-742
- Ulizar, Iñaki. 1997. “Turbine Engine Installed Performance Optimisation with a Multi-Axis Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Marine; Turbomachinery; Microturbines and Small Turbomachinery. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/97-gt-258
- Umapathy, Nirmal, Nandini Gopalakrishnan, and Tony Wiederkehr. 2021. “Design and Simulation of a Novel E-VTOL Aircraft AM20 to Understand Challenges in Certification and Flight Testing.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16787
- Unal, Gulay. 2021. “Fuzzy Robust Fault Estimation Scheme for Fault Tolerant Flight Control Systems Based on Unknown Input Observer.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93 (10): 1624–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-12-2020-0302
- Ünen, Can, and Yıldıray Yıldız. 2025. “LSTM-Based Pilot-Induced Oscillation Prediction.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5745146
- “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Dynamics and Lagrangian Methods.” 2016. In Nonlinear Control of Robots and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315367378-9
- “Unorthodox Landing Gears.” 1988. In Aircraft Landing Gear Design: Principles and Practices. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600861468.0305.0321
- Unverricht, James, Bill K. Buck, Bryan Petty, Eric T. Chancey, Michael S. Politowicz, and Louis J. Glaab. 2024. “Vertiport Management from Simulation to Flight: Continued Human Factors Assessment of Vertiport Operations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0526. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0526
- Uribe Quintero, Everardo, Timothy T. Takahashi, and Ramana Grandhi. 2024. “Flight Dynamics Issues of Control Coupling / Inertia Coupling Prone High-Speed Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4048. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4048
- Urnes, James, and Robert Yeager. 1991. “Flight Demonstration of the Self-Repairing Flight Control System in a NASA F-15 Aircraft.” In Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1991-3106. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3106
- Uzun, Metin, and Tugrul Oktay. 2023. “Simultaneous UAV Having Actively Sweep Angle Morphing Wing and Flight Control System Design.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (7): 1062–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2022-0259
- V/STOL Conference, Palo Alto, Calif., June 6-8, 1977, Technical Papers. 1977. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052074
- V/STOL Flight Simulation. 1979. NASA-TM-81156. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800003850
- V/STOL Propulsion Control Analysis: Phase 2, Task 5-9. 1981. NASA-CR-165523. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19830024533
- “V/STOL R & D in France.” 1971. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 43 (11): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034831
- “V/STOL: World Wide View: British Aircraft Corporation.” 1971. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 43 (11): 6–10. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034828
- Vadyak, Joseph, and David Schuster. 1989. “Navier-Stokes Simulation of Burst Vortex Flowfields for Fighter Aircraft at High Incidence.” In 7th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1989-2190. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-2190
- Vagianos, Nicholas J., and Eugene C. Rooney. 1964. Flight Test Evaluation of the Uf-Xs Japanese STOL Seaplane. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0625722
- Valdez, John A., and Charles E. Tinney. 2022. “The Unsteady Wake Produced by a Coaxial Co-Rotating Rotor in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2166. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2166
- Vallerie, L. L. 1967. Peripheral Vision Displays. NASA-CR-808. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670020039
- van ‘t Veld, Ronald, Erik-Jan Van Kampen, and Q. Ping Chu. 2018. “Stability and Robustness Analysis and Improvements for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1127. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1127
- Van Dam, C., B. Holmes, and C. Pitts. 1980. “Effect of Winglets on Performance and Handling Qualities of General Aviation Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1870. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1870
- Van Decker, William A. 1992. “Piloted Simulator Investigations of a Civil Tilt-Rotor Aircraft on Steep Instrument Approaches.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f48-9903
- Van Den Borne, P., and J. Van Hengst. 1990. “Investigation of Propeller Slipstream Effects on the Fokker 50 through in-Flight Pressure Measurements.” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1990-3084. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-3084
- van der Maas, H. J. 1959. “Lateral and Directional Control and the Measurement of Aerodynamic Coefficients in Steady Asymmetric Flight and in Flight on Asymmetric Power.” In Stability and Control. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-4831-9730-2.50014-4
- Van Der Mass, C. 1966. “High-Speed Analysis Method for Dynamic Loads on Vertically Rising Vehicles.” In 3rd and 4th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1966-470. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1966-470
- Van Dommelen, L. 1995. Thrust-Induced Effects on a Pitching-Up Delta Wing Flow Field: Control of Stalled Wings. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada329654
- Van Dyken, R., K. Yu, E. Gutmark, et al. 1996. “Passive Control of Flow Separation over Delta Wings at High Angle-of-Attack.” In 34th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1996-661. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-661
- Van Houtte, N. A. J. 1970. Display Instrumentation for V/STOL Aircraft in Landing. NASA-CR-112779. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700027842
- van Oort, Eduard, Lars Sonneveldt, Qu-Ping Chu, and J. A. Mulder. 2008. “A Comparison of Adaptive Nonlinear Control Designs for an over-Actuated Fighter Aircraft Model.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2008-6786. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6786
- Van Oort, Eduard, Lars Sonneveldt, Erik-Jan van Kampen, Ping Chu, and Jan Mulder. 2011. “Adaptive Optimizing Nonlinear Control Design for an over-Actuated Aircraft Model.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2011-6201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-6201
- van Overeem, Simon, Xuerui Wang, and Erik-Jan Van Kampen. 2023. “Handling Quality Improvements for the Flying-V Aircraft Using Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0105. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0105
- VAN Poppel, Jon A., Brian J. Barton, David J. Pancratz, Mike H. Rangel, and Robert D. Banks. 1998. Simulation of Thrust-Vectored Aircraft Maneuvers on a Human Centrifuge: Model Validation and Design for the Dynamic Environment Simulator. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada370781
- Vandy, Justin. 2026. “A Deployable Vertiport Node Concept Using Cherokee MC2 and MVP for Operations and Infrastructure in Rotorcraft, eVTOL, VTOL, and UAS Missions.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0082-2026-0150
- Vanka, S. P. 1998. Numerical Investigation of Hot Gas Ingestion by STOVL Aircraft. NASA-CR-4769. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980017318
- Vantrepotte, Quentin, Emilien Dubois, Cyril Camachon, and Mickael Causse. 2025. “Effect of Pilot Expertise on Visual Scanning and Precision of Flight Maneuvers in Military Aviation.” Aviation Psychology and Applied Human Factors 15 (1): 16–26. https://doi.org/10.1027/2192-0923/a000287
- Vardaki, Eleni, and Ismet Gursul. 2004. “Vortex Flows on a Rolling Nonslender Delta Wing.” In 22nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4729. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4729
- “Variable Mode Turbofan Jet Engine with Thrust Vectoring.” 2002. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 74 (3). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2002.12774cad.001
- Vascik, Parker D., and R. John Hansman. 2019. “Development of Vertiport Capacity Envelopes and Analysis of Their Sensitivity to Topological and Operational Factors.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0526. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0526
- Vasilescu, Roxana. 2006. “Rotor Wake Capture Improvement Based on the Controlled Grid Resolution.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-1151. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1151
- Vasilescu, Roxana, and Stefan Dancila. 2006. “Rotor Wake Modifications in Hover Using Unsteady Spanwise Blowing.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-1065. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-1065
- Vasiloff, Katie, Zhenbo Wang, and Liang Sun. 2025. “A Spatiotemporal Approach to Portal Siting and Routing for Urban Air Mobility: A Case Study on New York City.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3243. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3243
- Vaughan, J., and N. Wood. 1995. “Unsteady Aerodynamics Effects on a Half Delta Wing Oscillating in Pitch.” In 13th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-1874. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-1874
- Vaughn, Carl. 1970. Effect of Sand and Dust Erosion on Army Small VTOL Gas Turbine Engines. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_env_1970-2532
- Vázquez-Meza, Victoria Eugenia, and José Martínez-Carranza. 2026. “Vision Transformer-Based Autonomous Safe Landing Zone Detection for MAVs.” Unmanned Systems: 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385027410135
- “Vectored Thrust.” 1992. In Aircraft Performance. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511607134.011
- Veldhuizen, Simone F., Marta Ribeiro, and Lourenco T. Lima Periera. 2026. “Unified Framework for Scalable Vertiport Allocation with Heterogeneous Fleet Sizing.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0713. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0713
- Velkoff, Henry R., and Thomas W. Parker. 1982. Effect of Tip Vanes on the Performance and Flow Field of a Rotor in Hover. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f38-006
- Venkatesh, Nikhil, Alexia P. Payan, Cedric Y. Justin, Ethan Kee, and Dimitri Mavris. 2020. “Optimal Siting of Sub-Urban Air Mobility (sUAM) Ground Architectures Using Network Flow Formulation.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2921. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2921
- Vepa, Ranjan. 2023a. “Aircraft Flight Control.” In Flight Dynamics, Simulation, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003266310-8
- Vepa, Ranjan. 2023b. “Longitudinal and Lateral Linear Stability and Control.” In Flight Dynamics, Simulation, and Control. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003266310-6
- Vepa, Ranjan. 2026. “Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Dynamics and Lagrangian Methods.” In Nonlinear Control of Robots and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003609780-2
- Verberne, Johannes, Yoonjae Lee, Cedric Y. Justin, and Dimitri Mavris. 2024. “Revisiting Energy Reserve Requirements for Battery-Electric VTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-3904. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-3904
- Verhaagen, N. 1991. “Investigation of the Vortex Flow over a 76/60-Deg Double Delta Wing at 20 Deg Incidence.” In 9th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1991-3208. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-3208
- Verhaagen, N. 2000. “Effect of Sideslip on the Flow over a 65-Deg Delta Wing.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-977. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-977
- Verhaagen, N., E. Houtman, and J. Verhelst. 1996. “A Study of Wall Effect on the Flow over a Delta Wing.” In 14th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1996-2389. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1996-2389
- Verhaagen, N., and C. Jobe. 2001. “Study on a 65-Deg Delta Wing at Sideslip.” In 39th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2001-691. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2001-691
- Verhaagen, Nick, and Steve Naarding. 1988. “Experimental and Numerical Investigation of the Vortex Flow over a Yawed Delta Wing.” In 6th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1988-2563. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2563
- Verhaagen, Niek, and Barbara Van Bossuyt. 2006. “Flow on a Delta Wing Apex.” In 44th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-252. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-252
- Verma, Ajay, and John Junkins. 2000. “Trajectory Generation for Transition from VTOL to Wing-Borne Flight Using Inverse Dynamics.” In 38th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2000-971. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2000-971
- “Vertical Flight.” 2013. In Rotorcraft Aeromechanics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781139235655.005
- “Vertical Take-off Aircraft.” 2001. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 73 (4). https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat.2001.12773dad.006
- “Vertical Takeoff and Landing (VTOL), Airships, and Unconventional Vehicles.” 2014. In Designing Unmanned Aircraft Systems. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624102615.0461.0492
- “Vertically Rising Planes.” 1954. Science News-Letter 65 (13): 195. https://doi.org/10.2307/3933733
- Vertiports: Infrastructure and Equipment for Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) of Electrically Powered Cargo Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). n.d. BSI British Standards. https://doi.org/10.3403/30426830u
- Vidal, R. J., J. H. Hilton, and J. T. Curtis. 1960. The Two-Dimensional Effects of Slipstream Shear on Airfoil Characteristics. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0246522
- Vieira, Darli Rodrigues, Dreyfus Silva, and Alencar Bravo. 2019. “Electric VTOL Aircraft: The Future of Urban Air Mobility (Background, Advantages and Challenges).” International Journal of Sustainable Aviation 5 (2): 101. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijsa.2019.101746
- Vigouroux, Damian, Fares Beainy, and Sesh Commuri. 2013. “Identification of Orientation Dynamics of Miniature Helicopter in Hover Mode.” In International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics (ICINCO). https://doi.org/10.5220/0004477102510258
- Viken, Jeffrey K., Sally Viken, Karen A. Deere, and Melissa Carter. 2017. “Design of the Cruise and Flap Airfoil for the X-57 Maxwell Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft.” In 35th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-3922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-3922
- Vile, Cleo, Halim Alwi, and Christopher Edwards. 2020. “Robust Fault Tolerant Control Allocation for a Modern over-Actuated Commercial Aircraft.” IET Control Theory & Applications 15 (2): 307–22. https://doi.org/10.1049/cth2.12042
- Villarreal-Valderrama, Francisco, Carlos Santana Delgado, Patricia Del Carmen Zambrano-Robledo, and Luis Amezquita-Brooks. 2020. “Turbojet Direct-Thrust Control Scheme for Full-Envelope Fuel Consumption Minimization.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 93 (3): 437–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2020-0190
- Vimal, M. Rakesh, R. Puratchikanal, J. Dheenadhayalan, E. Karthikeyan, E. Ezhilan, and S. Venkatesh. 2020. “Investigation of Post-Stall Aerodynamic Characteristics of Ventilated NASA LS (1)-0417 Airfoil.” International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems 11 (4). https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.11.4.07
- Vinayagam, A. K., and N. K. Sinha. 2013. “Optimal Aircraft Take-off with Thrust Vectoring.” Aeronautical Journal 117 (1197): 1119–38. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000008733
- Vincent, James H., and Rob Anex. 1990. Flight Control Design Considerations for STOVL Powered-Lift Flight. AIAA PAPER 90-3225. Systems Control Technology, Inc. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900062055
- Vinje, Edward W. 1973. “Flight Simulator Evaluation of Control Moment Usage and Requirements for V/STOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f29-025
- Vinje, Edward W., and David P. Miller. 1973. Flight Simulator Experiments and Analyses in Support of Further Development of MIL-F-83300 V/STOL Flying Qualities Specification. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0769868
- Vinkler, A., and L. Wood. 1978. “Guaranteed Cost Control of Linear Systems with Uncertain Parameters: Application to Remotely Piloted Vehicle Flight Control Systems.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1274. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1274
- Vinkler, A., L. Wood, U.-L. Ly, and R. Cannon. 1979. “Minimum Expected Cost Control of Linear Systems with Uncertain Parameters: Application to Remotely Piloted Vehicle Flight Control Systems.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1979-1745. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-1745
- Virasak, Jacques. 2021. “A Brief History of VTOL in-Flight Aircrew Rescue Systems.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0077-2021-16812
- Virasak, Jacques. 2022. “A Brief History of Kaman Innovative VTOL Aircraft and System Designs.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-1207
- Visbal, Miguel. 1993a. “Computational Study of Vortex Breakdown on a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 23rd Fluid Dynamics, Plasmadynamics, and Lasers Conference. AIAA 1993-2974. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-2974
- Visbal, Miguel. 1993b. “Structure of Vortex Breakdown on a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-434. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-434
- Visbal, Miguel. 1995. “Numerical Simulation of Spiral Vortex Breakdown above a Delta Wing.” In Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1995-2309. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-2309
- Visbal, Miguel, and Raymond Gordnier. 1994. “Parametric Effects on Vortex Breakdown over a Pitching Delta Wing.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-538. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-538
- “Vision Based Self-Guided Quadcopter Landing on Moving Platform during Fault Detection.” 2021. International Journal of Intelligent Communication Computing and Networks 02 (01). https://doi.org/10.51735/ijiccn/001/24
- Visser, H. G. 1999. “Windshear Recovery Using Thrust Vectoring.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 71 (4): 329–37. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022669910276884
- Viswanath, P. R., and S. R. Patil. 1994. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of Delta Wing–body Combinations at High Angles of Attack.” Aeronautical Journal 98 (975): 159–70. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000049848
- Vlasov, A. V., and M. A. Ovdienko. 2020. “Calculation of Aerodynamic Characteristics of Light Aircraft with Distributed Electric Propulsion.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1560 (1): 012059. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1560/1/012059
- Vogeley, Arthur William. 1951. Axial-Momentum Theory for Propellers in Compressible Flow. NACA-TN-2164. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930082778
- Vogler, R. D. 1966. Ground Effects on Single-Jet and Multiple-Jet VTOL Models at Transition Speeds over Stationary and Moving Ground Planes. NASA-TN-D-3213. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660005942
- Vogler, R. D. 1970. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of a VTOL Jet- Transport Model with Powered Lift Engines in Pods at Wing Midspan or Inboard. NASA-TN-D-5770. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700017868
- Vohra, Yaman, and V. R. Sanal Kumar. 2025. “Computational Study of a Truncated Hollow Pintle Nozzle with Angled Sonic Air Injection for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” In 2025 Regional Student Conferences. AIAA 2025-106579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-106579
- Vos, R. 2019a. “Preliminary Sizing of Hybrid Electric Aircraft – Part I: Powertrain Design.” In VKI Lecture Series. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.35294/ls201902.vos1
- Vos, R. 2019b. “Preliminary Sizing of Hybrid Electric Aircraft – Part II: Wing Loading and Power Loading Including Aeropropulsive Effects.” In VKI Lecture Series. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.35294/ls201902.vos2
- Vos, R. 2019c. “Preliminary Sizing of Hybrid Electric Aircraft – Part III: Weight Estimation.” In VKI Lecture Series. von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics. https://doi.org/10.35294/ls201902.vos3
- Voskuijl, Mark, and Daniel J. Walker. 2007. “Active Control of Flight Path and Critical Loads in Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f63-000161
- “VTOL Aircraft Control Design.” 2010. In Multiple Scales Theory and Aerospace Applications. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600867644.0307.0316
- VTOL Flight Control Systems. 1966. NASA-TT-F-10801. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670015752
- “VTOL: ‘A Matter of Urgency’.” 1971. Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 43 (11): 5–5. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb034827
- Vu, Kim-Phuong L., Thomas Z. Strybel, Vernol Battiste, and Quang V. Dao. 2025. “Urban Air Mobility (UAM): Preliminary Task Analysis for a Terminal Corridor Vertiport Concept of Operation.” AHFE international 199. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1006996
- Vujić, Dragoljub. 1997. “Servomechanisms Roll in Aircraft Flight Control.” Vojnotehnicki glasnik 45 (1): 696–701. https://doi.org/10.5937/vojtehg9706696v
- Wachspress, Daniel A., Alexander H. Boschitsch, Michael Yu, and Glen R. Whitehouse. 2026. Downwash Outwash Modeling of Conventional and Multirotor VTOL Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5208
- Wachtell, G. P. 1970. Fluidic Vortex Angular Rate Sensor Concept Investigation for Helicopters and V/STOL Aircraft. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0874029
- Wadcock, Alan J., Lindsay A. Ewing, Eduardo Solis, Mark Potsdam, and Ganesh Rajagopalan. 2008. “Rotorcraft Downwash Flow Field Study to Understand the Aerodynamics of Helicopter Brownout.” In AHS Southwest Region Technical Specialist’’s Meeting “Technologies for Next Generation of Vertical Life Aircraft”. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080046973
- Waechter, W. 1966. Reliability of VTOL Flight Control Systems. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19670015753
- Waesche, J., and D. Midgal. 1975. “High-Performance Jet-V/STOL Development.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1975-1013. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1013
- Waithe, Kenrick, and Karen Deere. 2003. “An Experimental and Computational Investigation of Multiple Injection Ports in a Convergent-Divergent Nozzle for Fluidic Thrust Vectoring.” In 21st AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2003-3802. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-3802
- Walchli, Lawrence, Robert Guyton, Frank Luria, and Williamj. Gillard. 1992. “High Angle-of-Attack Control Enhancement on a Forward Swept Wing Aircraft.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1992-4427. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4427
- Walker, P. B. 1940. “Tricycle Undercarriage Design: An Analysis of the Inertia Loading Actions for the Modern Landing Gear.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 12 (6): 171–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb030652
- Walker, Norman K., David A. Shaffer, Alastair Anthony, and Richard Brooks. 1965. Roll Stability of Ground Effect Machinesthick Annular Jet and Plenum Types. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0617129
- Wall, Tyler J., and Richard Meyer. 2017. “A Survey of Hybrid Electric Propulsion for Aircraft.” In 53rd AIAA/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 2017-4700. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4700
- Wallace, Randall, Conrad Bills, William Hinkle, and Cory Weathers. 2011. “Enhancing Remotely Piloted Vehicle Training.” In Infotech@Aerospace 2011. AIAA 2011-1603. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1603
- Walsh, Kevin R. 1993. “Summary of the Effects of Engine Throttle Response on Airplane Formation-Flying Qualities.” In AIAA 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930013934
- Walter, Harry, and A. K. Agnihotri. 1970. “A Fixed Base Engineering Flight Simulator for General Aviation Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/700235
- Walters, Brett A., Shawn Huber, Jon French, and Michael J. Barnes. 2002. Using Simulation Models to Analyze the Effects of Crew Size and Crew Fatigue on the Control of Tactical Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (TUAVs). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada405012
- Walz, E. H. 1976. Advanced V/STOL Propeller Critical Components Investigation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada024663
- Wan, Xiaoyan, Yongkang Shi, and Peng Li. 2023. “Autonomous Landing Algorithm of UAV Based on Target Tracking.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2450 (1): 012082. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2450/1/012082
- Wang, Ya. n.d. “The Design, Prototyping, Modeling and Flight Tests of a Vertical Take-off and Landing (VTOL) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV).” PhD diss., The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012535962203412
- Wang, Gang. 2003. Numerical Simulations of STOVL Hot Gas Ingestion in Ground Proximity Using a Multigrid Solution Procedure. NASA/CR-2003-212610. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20150012287
- Wang, Yunsheng, Mohammad Baghi, and Qiuqin Teng. 2023d. “The Functional Hazard Assessment for Electric Vertical Take off and Landing Aircraft Power Battery System.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4498695
- Wang, Wen-lan, Xiong-huai Bai, and Lei Zheng. 2022d. “PD Control of VTOL Aircraft Trajectory Tracking Based on Double-Loop Design.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2358 (1): 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2358/1/012008
- Wang, Yiwei, Xianghua Huang, and Jiaqin Huang. 2019b. “Real-Time Integrated Turboprop Take-off Model under Propeller-Wing Interaction.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91 (7): 917–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-02-2017-0066
- Wang, Chunguang, Hongzhou Jiang, and Guixian Li. 2008. “A Modified State Space Predictor by Optimal Control Model for Flight Simulator Transport Delay.” In Information Computing and Automation. World Scientific Publishing Company. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789812799524_0099
- Wang, Xiangpu, and Seongkyu Lee. 2025. “Numerical Investigation of over-the-Wing Propeller Aircraft Aerodynamics Using a Medium-Fidelity Vortex and Panel Method.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2025. AIAA 2025-3162. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-3162
- Wang, Xiangpu, and Seongkyu Lee. 2026. “Numerical Investigation of the over-the-Wing Distributed Propeller Aerodynamics Using Potential Flow Panel Method.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-0249. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-0249
- Wang, X., G. Li, Y. Zhao, J. Li, L. Zhang, and M. Luo. 2026c. “Aerodynamic Interaction Analysis of a Tiltrotor Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft: A Comparative Study of Tiltrotor and Tiltwing Configurations.” Journal of Applied Fluid Mechanics 19 (9). https://doi.org/10.47176/jafm.19.9.4322
- Wang, Hao, Yu Liang, Xizhi Qiu, Shanfei Su, Peng Yu, and Xiaowen Shan. 2022g. “The Wind Resistance Capability of the Egretta Tail-Sitter VTOL UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0197. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0197
- Wang, Guanzheng, Zhihong Liu, and Xiangke Wang. 2019f. “UAV Autonomous Landing Using Visual Servo Control Based on Aerostack.” In Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Computer Science and Application Engineering. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3331453.3361667
- Wang, Xiang, Zhao-Miao Liu, Hui-Long Zheng, and Tan Zhang. 2017f. “Effects of Geometric Parameters on Jet Attachment of Counter-Flow Thrust Vectoring Nozzle.” In Proceedings of the 3rd Annual International Conference on Mechanics and Mechanical Engineering (MME 2016). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/mme-16.2017.12
- Wang, Bingkun, Ruitao Ma, Hang Zhu, Yongbai Sha, and Tianye Yang. 2023a. “An Autonomous Tracking and Landing Method for UAV Based on Visual Navigation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202310.1777.v1
- Wang, Xuerui, Erik-Jan Van Kampen, Q. Ping Chu, and Peng Lu. 2018e. “Stability Analysis for Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1115. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1115
- Wang, Jiaqing, and Changyun Wei. 2023. “A Novel Air-Ground Coordinated Approach for UAV Autonomous Landing on a Mobile Platform.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_189
- Wang, Yang, Changle Xiang, Yue Ma, and Bin Xu. 2016b. “Flight Control Development and Test for an Unconventional VTOL UAV.” In InTech eBooks. https://doi.org/10.5772/63355
- Wang, Duxin, and Zhao Xu. 2026. “Supply-Demand Matching for Vertiport Location and Capacity Allocation Optimization in Urban Low-Altitude Logistics: A Case Study of Nanjing.” Journal of Building Design and Environment. https://doi.org/10.70401/jbde.2026.0042
- Wang, Zehao, Xuan Yang, Huifang Wang, Qiang Jia, and Yunlong Tang. 2026l. “A Transition Trajectory Tracking Control Method for VTOL Aircraft Based on the Gaussian Pseudospectral Method.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3303 (1): 012008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3303/1/012008
- Wang, Fengqiu, Yaohua Zeng, Tie Zeng, Yumin Lai, Chuanlong Liu, and Wei Wei. 2021d. “L1 Adaptive Control for Tilt-Wing VTOL UAV.” In 2021 International Conference on Mechanical, Aerospace and Automotive Engineering. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3518781.3519207
- Wang, Ban, and Youmin Zhang. 2022. “Adaptive Fault-Tolerant Control Allocation of an over-Actuated Hybrid Fixed-Wing UAV.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2079. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2079
- Wang, Huidong, Xiaoyun Zhang, and Jianqiang Yi. 2014. “Reconfigurable Flight Control Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion and Dynamic Control Allocation.” International Journal of System Control and Information Processing 1 (3): 274. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijscip.2014.059683
- Wang, Hairu, Qiqian Zhang, Honghai Zhang, and Dikun Feng. 2025i. “Urban Logistics UAV Vertiport Location and Layout Planning Method.” In International Conference on Smart Transportation and City Engineering (STCE 2024), edited by Zhengang Feng, Miroslava Mikusova. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3060784
- Wang, Hongyu, Xun Zhao, Hui Bai, Cunyue Lu, Baomin Zhang, and Cong Li. 2018b. “Design of a Symmetrical Quad-Rotor Biplane Tail-Sitter Aircraft without Control Surfaces and Experimental Verification.” MATEC Web of Conferences 151: 04009. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815104009
- Wang, Lihui, and Wenxing Zhu. 2022. “Adaptive Nonsingular Fixed-Time Attitude Stabilization for Quadrotor UAVs with Multiple Disturbances and Uncertainties.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.22541/au.166939381.14375086/v1
- Ward, D., and A. Bennett Jr. 1974. “Flight Test Investigation of the Sailplane as a Post-Stall Research Vehicle.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-951. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-951
- Ward, David, Jeffrey Monaco, and John Schierman. 1999. “Reconfigurable Control for VTOL UAV Shipboard Landing.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1999-4045. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4045
- Ward, Brenda, and C. J. Penrose. 1983. “The Hybrid Fan Vectored Thrust Engine.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/831496
- Wardlaw Jr., Morrison Andrew B., and Alfred M. 1975. Induced Side Forces on Bodies of Revolution at High Angle of Attack. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada020356
- Wardwell, Douglas A., Victor R. Corsiglia, and Richard E. Kuhn. 1992. Dynamic Response of Induced Pressures, Suckdown, and Temperatures for Two Tandem Jet STOVL Configurations. NASA-TM-103934. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920024337
- Wardwell, Douglas, and Craig Hange. 1993. “Jet-Induced Lift Characteristics of a 5.3 Percent Scale Model of the Mixed-Flow Vectored-Thrust ASTOVL Concept.” In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4817. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4817
- Wardwell, Douglas A., Craig E. Hange, Richard E. Kuhn, and Vearl R. Stewart. 1993. Jet-Induced Ground Effects on a Parametric Flat-Plate Model in Hover. NASA-TM-104001. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930016910
- Wardwell, Douglas A., and Richard E. Kuhn. 1991. Prediction Techniques for Jet-Induced Effects in Hover on STOVL Aircraft. NASA-TM-102818. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910022756
- Wardwell, Douglas A., Doral R. Sandlin, and Andrew S. Hahn. 1986. Takeoff Predictions for Powered-Lift Aircraft. SAE PAPER 861630. California Polytechnic State Univ. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870042361
- Warsett, Paul. 1953. Study of Automatic Control Systems for Helicopters. Part i. Aerodynamic Torque of a Helicopter Rotor Experiencing Transients in RPM While Hovering. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0015981
- Warsett, Paul. 1955. Equations of Motion Including Rotor RPM Degree of Freedom for the Helicopter in Cruising Flight. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0085228
- Warsop, Clyde, and William Crowther. 2019. “NATO AVT-239 Task Group: Flight Demonstration of Fluidic Flight Controls on the MAGMA Subscale Demonstrator Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0282. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0282
- Washburn, Anthony. 1992. “Effects of External Influences in Subsonic Delta Wing Vortices.” In 17th Aerospace Ground Testing Conference. AIAA 1992-4033. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-4033
- Watanabe, Shun, Shigeru Sunada, and Kohei Yamaguchi. 2021. “Proposal of ‘Quasi-NDD’ Airplane: Small Fixed-Wing Airplane with a High Tolerance to Crosswind.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-1932. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1932
- Watanabe, Shun, Nobuhiro Yokoyama, and Koji Muraoka. 2025. “Proximity Flight of Controlled Multirotor UAV with Manned Helicopter in Hover.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0660. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0660
- Watry, Craig, and Hank Helin. 1994. “Effects of Trailing Edge Jet Entrainment on Delta Wing Vortices.” In 32nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1994-72. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-72
- Watson, Neale A., Mark White, and Ieuan Owen. 2019. “Modelling the Effect of Unsteady Turbulent Wakes on a Short Take-off and Vertical Landing (STOVL) Aircraft.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3244. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3244
- Way, T. C. 1978. “Verification of Workload: A Job for Simulation (Pilot Performance).” In Flight Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 1978-1586. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1586
- Way, Thomas C. 1981. “Pilot Workload: A Practitioner’s Problem.” Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 25 (1): 53–53. https://doi.org/10.1177/107118138102500114
- Webb, L., S. Whitmore, and R. Janssen. 1979. “Preliminary Flight and Wind Tunnel Comparisons of the Inlet/airframe Interaction of the F-15 Airplane.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-102. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-102
- Weber, H. 1973. “VTOL Recirculation and Impingement Model Testing.” In 9th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1973-1183. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1973-1183
- Weber, J. 1982. “An Analysis of a Nonlinear Instability in the Implementation of a VTOL Control System during Hover.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1982-1611. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1982-1611
- Weber, H., and A. Gay. 1975. “VTOL Reingestion Model Testing of Fountain Control and Wind Effects.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1217. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1217
- Webster, C. N. 1973. “Lift Engine Bleed Flow Management for a V/STOL Fighter Reaction Control System.” In ASME 1973 International Gas Turbine Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/73-gt-70
- Webster, Robert, Jen Chen, and David Whitfield. 1995. “Numerical Simulation of a Helicopter Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight.” In 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 1995-193. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-193
- Weeks, Joseph L. 2000. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Operator Qualifications. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada379424
- Wei, P. 1985. “Quantitative Feedback Design Approach to Robust Flying Qualities.” In 7th Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 1985-1902. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1985-1902
- Wei, Xiaohui. 2013. “An Overview of Researches on Deck-Landing of Carrier-Based Aircrafts.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4268. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4268
- Wei, Fu-Shang. 2020. “Helicopter Flying Qualities and Performance Test Data Using CCSU Flight Simulator.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1642. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1642
- Wei, Jun, Wei Gao, Wenxuan Gao, Bei Lu, and Qifu Li. 2024. “Aerodynamic Simulations of an Electric Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft Using Reformulated Vortex Particle Method.” Physics of Fluids 36 (6): 065114. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0212347
- Wei, Wei, Mark B. Tischler, and Kelly De Oliveira Cohen. 2017b. “System Identification and Controller Optimization of a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle in Hover.” Journal of the American Helicopter Society 62 (4): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4050/jahs.62.042007
- Weiberg, James A., and Curt A. Holzhauser. 1961a. Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests of an Airplane Model with an Unswept, Tilt Wing of Aspect Ratio 5.5, and with Four Propellers and Blowing Flaps. NASA-TN-D-1034. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980227077
- Weiberg, James A., and Curt A. Holzhauser. 1961b. STOL Characteristics of a Propeller-Driven, Aspect-Ratio-10, Straight-Wing Airplane with Boundary-Layer Control Flaps, as Estimated from Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests. NASA-TN-D-1032. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980228286
- Weilenmann, Martin, and Hans Geering. 1993. “A Test Bench for Rotorcraft Hover Control.” In Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. AIAA 1993-3853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-3853
- Weir, D. 1986. “Wing Loads Induced by a Propeller Wake.” In 10th Aeroacoustics Conference. AIAA 1986-1967. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-1967
- Welge, H. R., and J. P. Crowder. 1978. Simulated Propeller Slipstream Effects on a Supercritical Wing. NASA-CR-152138. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19790016853
- Welge, H. R., D. H. Neuhart, and J. A. Dahlin. 1981. Analysis of Mach Number 0.8 Turboprop Slipstream Wing/nacelle Interactions. NASA-CR-166214. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810021547
- Wellman, Brent. 1992. “Advanced Technology Blade Testing on the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f48-9902
- Wells, Scott R. 2002. Sliding Mode Control Applied to Reconfigurable Flight Control Design. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada398917
- Welsch, Marc, and Walter Fichter. 2021. “Ground-Based Turn Coordination for VTOL Vehicles with Wind Compensation.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0255. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0255
- Welter, Major William L. 1966. “Flying Qualities of the XV-5A V/STOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f22-009
- Weltz, Gary, Kamal Shweyk, and David Murray. 2007. “Application of New and Standard Pilot-Induced Oscillation (PIO) Analysis Methods to Flight Test Data of the C-17 Transport Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-6387. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-6387
- Wendel, Thomas R., Joseph R. Boland, and David E. Hahne. 1991. “High Angle of Attack Control Law Development for a Free-Flight Wind Tunnel Model Using Direct Eigenstructure Assignment.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19910064980
- Weng, Chin-Tang, C. Edward Lan, and Ching-Shun Ho. 2004. “Analysis of Dynamic Ground Effect for a Jet Transport in Crosswind.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5066. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5066
- Wenren, Yonghu, and John Steinhoff. 2009. “Rotor Wake Computing with Lifting Lines and Vorticity Confinement.” In 27th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2009-3859. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-3859
- Wentz, W. H., Jr. 1972. Effects of Leading-Edge Camber on Low-Speed Characteristics of Slender Delta Wings. NASA-CR-2002. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19720025346
- Wenzel, Karl Engelbert, Andreas Masselli, and Andreas Zell. 2010. “Automatic Take off, Tracking and Landing of a Miniature UAV on a Moving Carrier Vehicle.” In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1110-5_15
- Wernicke, Kenneth G. 1977. “Performance and Safety Aspects of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f33-010
- Wernicke, R. 1980. “A Tilt Rotor Design That Provides Economical Extended Range VTOL Transportation to Offshore Oil Platforms.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1822. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1822
- Wernicke, Rodney K., Kenneth G. Wernicke, and Dean C. Borgman. 1980. “Mission Potential of Derivatives of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f36-011
- West, R. G. 1969. “Fan Lift in VTOL Design.” Aeronautical Journal 73 (704): 657–64. https://doi.org/10.1017/s000192400005185x
- Westbrook, C. 1964. “Handling Qualities of Vtol Aircraft.” In Military Aircraft Systems and Technology Meeting. AIAA 1964-777. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-777
- Westbrook, C. 1965. “The Status and Future of Flying Qualities Requirements.” In 2nd Annual Meeting. AIAA 1965-313. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1965-313
- Westcott, Oliver, Robert Entwistle, and Swathi Krishna. 2025. “Propeller-Wing Interactions of a Lift + Cruise Evtol Configuration during Transition.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5385581
- Wetmore, J. W. 1965. V/stol Characteristics in Relation to Terminal Requirements. NASA-TM-X-56535. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19650015986
- Wetmore, J. W. 1966. V/STOL Transports and Their Terminal Requirements. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660041406
- Wharton, Charles L. 1960. “A High Energy Absorption Landing Gear for VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/600264
- Whipple, R. D. 1982. “Current Perspectives on Emergency Spin-Recovery Systems.” In Society of Flight Test Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820059729
- Whipple, R. D., and W. L. White. 1984. Spin-Tunnel Investigation of a 1/25-Scale Model of the General Dynamics F-16XL Airplane. NASA-TM-85660. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870000608
- Whitaker, A. B., C. P. Kelly, R. B. Wittman, and R. P. Martorella. 1977. “V/STOL Hover Stability Impact on Hover Control Task.” In Naval Postgraduate School Proc. of the Navy(NASA VSTOL Flying Qualities. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780011159
- Whitbeck, Richard F., and L. G. Hofmann. 1978. Analysis of Digital Flight Control Systems with Flying Qualities Applications. Volume II: Technical Report. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada067177
- Whitcher, Lee, and Eric N. Johnson. 2017. “Validating and Analyzing the Kinematics of a Highly-Gyroscopic VTOL MAV.” In 55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 2017-0242. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-0242
- Whitcher, Lee, Eric N. Johnson, Manan S. Gandhi, and Evangelos A. Theodorou. 2019. “Controlling a Highly Gyroscopic VTOL MAV.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0075-2019-14487
- White, Richard P. 1947. Free-Spinning-Tunnel Tests of a 1/16-Scale Model of the Chance Vought XF5U-1 Airplane, TED No. NACA 2349. NACA-RM-L7I23. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20050019312
- White, Herbert E. 1963. Wind-Tunnel Investigation of the Use of Wing Tip Blowing to Reduce Drag for Take-off and Landing. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0296103
- White, Maurice D., and Robert C. Innis. 1959. A Flight Investigation of the Low-Speed Handling Qualities of a Tailless Delta-Wing Fighter Airplane. NASA-MEMO-4-15-59A. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19980232080
- White, K. C., B. A. Lampkin, and H. Andrews. 1985. Future of V/STOL Aircraft Systems: A Survey of Opinions. NASA-TM-86689. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19850020625
- White, R. P., Jr. 1968. The Prediction of VTOL Periodic Loadings… Where Do We Stand?. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680046817
- White Jr., Vidal Richard P., and Robert J. 1960. Study of the VTOL Downwash Impingement Problem. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0251154
- Whitfield, A. A., and W. E. Blackburn. 1965. UH-2 Helicopter High-Speed Flight Research Program Utilizing Jet Thrust Augmentation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0616104
- Whitfield, D., and A. Jameson. 1983. “Three-Dimensional Euler Equation Simulation of Propeller-Wing Interaction in Transonic Flow.” In 21st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1983-236. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-236
- Whitt, Jonah, and Farhan S. Gandhi. 2023. “Optimal Operation of Rotor-Wing Assemblies on eVTOL Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18008
- Whittely, D. C. 1979. “The External Augmentor Concept for V/STOL Aircraft.” In NASA. Ames Res. Center Workshop on Thrust Augmenting Ejectors. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800001893
- Whitten, J. B. 1960. Operational Aspects of v STOL Aircraft. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004825
- Whittley, D. C., and D. G. Koenig. 1980. “Large Scale Model Tests of a New Technology V/STOL Concept.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19800035133
- Wibowo, Setyawan Bekti, Sutrisno, and Tri Agung Rohmat. 2019. “Study of Mesh Independence on the Computational Model of the Roll-up Vortex Phenomenon on Fighter and Delta Wing Models.” International Journal of Fluid Mechanics Research 46 (5): 427–39. https://doi.org/10.1615/interjfluidmechres.2018025530
- Wichita State Univ Ks. 1962. Tabulated Pressure Data for a Series of Circular, Annular Jet Ground Effect Machine Models. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0414236
- Wickens, Christopher D., and Stephen Dixon. 2002. Workload Demands of Remotely Piloted Vehicle Supervision and Control: (1) Single Vehicle Performance. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada496813
- Wickens, R. H., and V. D. Nguyen. 1991. “Wind Tunnel Investigation of a Wing-Propeller Model Performance Degradation Due to Distributed Upper-Surface Roughness and Leading Edge Shape Modification.” In Effects of Adverse Weather on Aerodynamics [Les Effets des Conditions Météorologiques Adverses sur I’Aérodynamique]. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19920012447
- Widing, K. 1993. “Low Speed Wind Tunnel Investigations on a Fighter Aircraft Forebody at High Angle of Attack.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_15
- Widmayer, Edward, and J. Tomassoni. 1971. 1/3 Scale V/STOL Cyclic Pitch Propellers: Results of Wind Tunnel Tests. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0734237
- Wijerathna, A., and B. Annasiwaththa. 2025. “Aerodynamic Analysis of a VTOL Fixed-Wing UAV Aircraft with Conventional Control Surfaces.” In Proceedings of the ERU Symposium 2025. Engineering Research Unit. https://doi.org/10.31705/eru.2025.4
- Wilcox, D., and H. Quigley. 1978. “V/STOL Aircraft Simulation: Requirements and Capabilities at Ames Research Center.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1978-1515. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1515
- Wild, Jochen. 2021. “Aircraft Performance at Take-Off and Landing.” In High-Lift Aerodynamics. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003220459-4
- Wilhelms, Hannah E., Liang Sun, J. Brian Jordon, and Paul G. Allison. 2026. “Advanced Air Mobility Infrastructure with Expeditionary Landing Surfaces for eVTOL Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-2272. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-2272
- Wilkin Perry, Harry. 1943. “A Radio Flight-Test Recorder: Observations Made in the Aeroplane Recorded on the Ground.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 15 (6): 174–78. https://doi.org/10.1108/eb031027
- Willebeek-LeMair, Ian, and Matthew Rhinehart. 2023. Rotorcraft Vertical Rate Command’s Impact on Workload and Handling Qualities and Its Implementation-Practicality. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_hq-1196
- Williams, Robert M., and Charles L. Bernitt. 1970. Theoretical Performance of a Pure Jet Flap Rotor at High Advance Ratios. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0726706
- Williams, John, and Sidney Butler. 1964. “Further Developments in Low-Speed Wind-Tunnel Techniques for VSTOL and High-Left Model Testing.” In Aerodynamic Testing Conference. AIAA 1964-1103. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1964-1103
- Williams, Reginald, and Baily Vittal. 2002. “Fluidic Thrust Vectoring and Throat Control Exhaust Nozzle.” In 38th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-4060. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-4060
- Williams, R. C., and A. H. Ybarra. 1981a. “Low Speed Testing of the Inlets Designed for a Tamden-Fan V/STOL Nacelle.” In V/STOL Conf.. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820003169
- Williams, R. C., and A. H. Ybarra. 1981b. “Low Speed Testing of the Inlets Designed for a Tandem-Fan V/STOL Nacelle.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035675
- Willis, W. 1980a. “The Effect of Cross-Shafting on Engine-out Vertical Landing Reliability of V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1858. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1858
- Willis, W. 1980b. “The Effects of Turbine Inlet Temperature and Engine Complexity on VCE/RALS Powered Supersonic V/STOL Aircraft.” In Aircraft Systems Meeting. AIAA 1980-1853. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1980-1853
- Willis, W. S. 1981a. Design of a V/STOL Propulsion System for a Large-Scale Fighter Model. NASA-CR-166162. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19810016539
- Willis, W. S., and D. C. Genever-Watling. 1977. “The Application of QCSEE Technology to V/STOL.” In NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19770052115
- Willshire, W., Jr., and R. Martin. 1984. “Noise and Performance Characteristics of a Model Scale X-Wing Rotor System in Hover.” In 22nd Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1984-337. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1984-337
- Wilson, D., J. Buckley, and D. Riley. 1990. “Unified Flying Qualities Criteria for Longitudinal Tracking.” In 17th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1990-2806. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-2806
- Wilson, J., S. Chandra, and J. Loth. 1975. “Thrust Augmented Wing Sections in Transition Flight.” In 13th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1975-169. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-169
- Wilson, Samuel, and Kathleen Mahoney. 1988. “Impact of Bypass Ratio on Thrust-to-Weight for V/STOL.” In International Powered Lift Conference and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19880050010
- Wilson, Elias, and Richard J. Prazenica. 2020. “Autonomous Autorotation of Tilt Rotor Aircraft Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control.” In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-1488. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-1488
- Wilson, David, and David Riley. 1989. “Cooper-Harper Pilot Rating Variability.” In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1989-3358. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3358
- Wilson, David J., David R. Riley, and Kevin D. Citurs. 1993. Aircraft Maneuvers for the Evaluation of Flying Qualities and Agility. Volume 2. Maneuver Descriptions and Section Guide. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada273685
- Wilson, S. B., III, J. V. Bowles, and J. D. Foster. 1981a. “Analysis of Selected VTOL Concepts for a Civil Transportation Mission.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035685
- Wilson, S. B., III, S. Donley, W. Valckenaere, W. Buchmann, and M. Blake. 1983. Handling Characteristics of a Simulated Twin Tilt Nacelle V/STOL Aircraft. SAE PAPER 831549. NASA Ames Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19840046752
- Wilson, S., III, G. Kidwell Jr., and R. Christiansen. 1981b. “Numerical and Classical Analysis of V/STOL Aircraft Using Selected Propulsion Systems.” In Aircraft Systems and Technology Conference. AIAA 1981-1676. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1981-1676
- Wilson, F., Jr., and A. Bennett. 1983. “New Concept for Low Cost VTOL Cargo Delivery Capability.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1983-2207. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1983-2207
- Winborn, B., Jr. 1969. “The ADAM III V/STOL Concept.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-201. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-201
- Wind Tunnel and Ground Static Investigation of a Large Scale Model of a Lift/cruise Fan V/STOL Aircraft. 1976. NASA-CR-137916. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760025090
- Windolph, G. 1969. “System Safety Analysis Techniques for V/STOL Aircraft.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-216. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-216
- Wing, David J. 1994. Static Performance Investigation of a Skewed-Throat Multiaxis Thrust-Vectoring Nozzle Concept. NASA-TP-3411. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19940029666
- Wing, David, and Scott Asbury. 1991. “Static Performance of a Multiaxis Thrust Vectoring Cruciform Nozzle.” In 27th Joint Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1991-2137. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1991-2137
- Wing, David J., Eric T. Chancey, Michael S. Politowicz, and Mark G. Ballin. 2020. “Achieving Resilient in-Flight Performance for Advanced Air Mobility through Simplified Vehicle Operations.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-2915. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2915
- Wingrove, R. 1972. “Applications of a Technique for Estimating Aircraft States from Recorded Flight Test Data.” In 2nd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1972-965. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1972-965
- Winn, Albert L., and Richard B. Lewis II. 1974. “Pilot Workload during Instrument Flight.” In Proceedings of the Vertical Flight Society Forum 30 - Washington, D.C. 1974. The Vertical Flight Society. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f30-011
- Winston, M. M. 1969a. Static Stability Characteristics of a 0.16- Scale Model of a Jet-Lift V/STOL Research Airplane in Cruise. NASA-TM-X-1835. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690021255
- Winston, M. M. 1969b. Wind-Tunnel Data from a 0.16-Scale V/STOL Model with Direct-Lift and Lift-Cruise Jets. NASA-TM-X-1758. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19690010658
- Winston, M. M. 1970. Induced Interference Effects on the Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 0.16-Scale Six-Jet V/STOL Model in Transition. NASA-TN-D-5727. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19700013328
- Winston, Matthew M., and Robert J. Huston. 1962. Propeller Slipstream Effects as Determined from Wing Pressure Distribution on a Large-Scale Six-Propeller VTOL Model at Static Thrust. NASA-TN-D-1509. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630000659
- Winston, M., R. Weston, and R. Mineck. 1975. “Propulsion-Induced Interference Effects on Jet-Lift VTOL Aircraft.” In 11th Propulsion Conference. AIAA 1975-1215. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1975-1215
- Winter, Scott, Sean Crouse, Victoria Trabysh, et al. 2025. “Development and Validation of a Vertiport Usability Scale.” Collegiate Aviation Review International 43 (2). https://doi.org/10.22488/okstate.26.100234
- Winters, Andrew Spencer. n.d. “Evaluation of Small Unmanned Tailsitter Hybrid Air Vehicles via Full Flight Simulation.” PhD diss., West Virginia University Libraries. https://doi.org/10.33915/etd.13123
- Wiston, Musa, and Su Yan. 2025. “Battery Thermal Management Design Space Exploration on Electric Aircraft (VTOL): Model-Based Approach.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202506.2015.v1
- Witkowski, David, Robert Johnston, and John Sullivan. 1989. “Propeller/wing Interaction.” In 27th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1989-535. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-535
- Witte, Joel, Svend Monson, Thomas Washington, Kris Cowart, and Rich Salasovich. 2003. An Investigation Relating Longitudinal Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendency Ratings to Describing Function Predictions for Rate-Limited Actuators (Project MAX GAP). Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada421043
- Wohllebe, F., and D. Migdal. 1979. “Some Basic Test Results of V/STOL Jet Induced Lift Effects in Hover.” In 17th Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1979-339. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1979-339
- Wolkovitch, Julian, and John A. Hoffman. 1971. Stability and Control of Helicopters in Steep Approaches. Volume 3. Derivatives and Transfer Functions for the YHC-1A Tandem-Rotor Helicopter and the S-58 Single-Rotor Helicopter. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0730362
- Wong, Tin-Chee. 2008. “The Impact of Advanced Airfoils on Rotor Hover Performance.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-7342. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7342
- Wong, G., S. Rock, N. Wood, and L. Roberts. 1993. “Active Control of Wing Rock of a Delta Wing at Post-Stall Using Tangential Leading Edge Blowing.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-56. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-56
- Wong, Oliver, A. Watkins, and JoAnne Ingram. 2005. “Pressure Sensitive Paint Measurements on 15% Scale Rotor Blades in Hover.” In 35th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2005-5008. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2005-5008
- Wood, C. 1967. “Vertical Take-off Aircraft for Metropolitan and Regional Service.” In 4th Annual Meeting and Technical Display. AIAA 1967-940. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1967-940
- Wood, Edward. 1972. Significant Development Areas for Future V/STOL Wind Tunnel Testing. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_vstol_1972-4240
- Wood, N., and L. Roberts. 1987. “The Control of Vortical Flow on a Delta Wing at High Angles of Attack.” In 5th Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 1987-2278. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2278
- Woodcock, R., and J. Browne. 1986. “The MIL-Prime Standard for Aircraft Flying Qualities.” In Astrodynamics Conference. AIAA 1986-2131. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1986-2131
- Woodruff, Robert R., Thomas M. Longridge, Philip A. III, and Richard T. Jeffreys. 1979. Pilot Performance in Simulated Aerial Refueling as a Function of Tanker Model Complexity and Visual Display Field-of-View. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ada070231
- Woods, Robert J. 1957. “Convertiplanes and Other VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/570017
- Woolard, H. 1974. “A Review of Some Air Force STOL Aircraft Aerodynamic Prediction Methods.” In 6th Aircraft Design,Flight Test and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1974-992. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1974-992
- Woolf, Reagan. 2012. “Applications of Statistically Defensible Test and Evaluation Methods to Aircraft Performance Flight Testing.” In 28th Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing, and Flight Testing Conference. AIAA 2012-2723. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-2723
- Woollett, R. R. 1981. “Thrust Modulation Methods for a Subsonic V/STOL Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19820035678
- Woolley, M. 1978. “The Evolution of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Microprocessor Flight Control System.” In Guidance and Control Conference. AIAA 1978-1273. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1978-1273
- Wooten, W. H., J. T. Blozy, D. W. Speir, and R. A. Lottig. 1984. “Altitude Testing of a Flight Weight, Self-Cooled, 2D Thrust Vectoring Exhaust Nozzle.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/841557
- Wright, R. H. 1968. Test Sections for Small Theoretical Wind-Tunnel-Boundary Interference on V/STOL Models. NASA-TR-R-286. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19680022120
- Wright, Rebecca. 1980. “Helicopter Pilot Performance and Workload Using Integrated Symbology.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f36-019
- Wroblewski, Gabrielle E., and Phillip J. Ansell. 2020. “Hybrid-Electric Breguet Range Equation: Development & Validation against a Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Simulation.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3579
- WSP, Gaël Le Bris, WSP, and Loup-Giang Nguyen. 2025. “Infrastructure Design Criteria for Accommodating Hydrogen Electric Vertical and Takeoff Landing (H 2 eVTOL) Aircraft Technologies at Vertiports.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0081-2025-0386
- Wu, Zhengpeng. 2024. “Design and Analysis of a Rotorcraft Unmanned Aerial Vehicle System with Active Adaptive Landing Function.” Academic Conferences Series 4 (1). https://doi.org/10.62381/acs.sdit2024.44
- Wu, S-L., P-C. Chen, K-Y. Chang, and C-C. Huang. 2008. “Robust Gain-Scheduled Control for Vertical/short Take-off and Landing Aircraft in Hovering with Time-Varying Mass and Moment of Inertia.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 222 (4): 473–82. https://doi.org/10.1243/09544100jaero270
- Wu, Bin, Peng Chen, Yong Jiang Hu, and Chang Long Wang. 2014. “Research on Attitude Singularity Problem of Small Tail-Sitter Aircraft.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 599-601: 401–4. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.599-601.401
- Wu, Kexin, Xinyi Fan, Song Fu, Ajith S. Kumar, and Vignesh Ram Petha Sethuraman. 2024c. “Effect of Self-Excited Oscillation of Three-Dimensional Rectangular Shock-Induced Thrust Vector Nozzle Jet.” Physics of Fluids 36 (8): 086111. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0215478
- Wu, Yongliang, and Yawen Li. 2025. “Design and Test of a Long Endurance Two-Propeller Tail-Sitter UAV.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-3240-4_7
- Wu, Dawei, Hanbing Li, and Shu Li. 2016. “Flight Dynamics Study of a Small Tilt Rotor UAV with Tail Propeller.” In 16th AIAA Aviation Technology, Integration, and Operations Conference. AIAA 2016-3450. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3450
- Wu, Zhanghua, Yunnan Li, Zhishuai Yu, and Zhemin Zhu. 2024d. “The Numerical Simulation and Test Verification of the Inlet Total Pressure Distortion of a Core Aero-Engine.” Gas Turbine Experiment and Research 37 (1): 26–31. https://doi.org/10.3724/j.gter.20240004
- Wu, Lianquan, Yongling Liang, and Qi Li. 2022c. “The Dynamic Analysis of the Rotorcraft with Robotic Landing Gear in the Landing Process on Uneven Ground.” Advances in Mechanical Engineering 14 (6): 16878132221107473. https://doi.org/10.1177/16878132221107473
- Wu, Yongliang, Tianchun Liaoyang, and Xiaowen Shan. 2022b. “Design of Flush Air Data Sensing System for a Tail-Sitter Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV Based on ANN.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-2155. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-2155
- Wu, Wenbin, Lihui Lin, Haitao Cheng, and Haibin Ding. 2023. “Long Endurance Hybrid Propulsion Configuration for Middle-Large Size Compound-Wing VTOL UAV.” In Third International Conference on Control and Intelligent Robotics (ICCIR 2023), edited by Kechao Wang, M. Vijayalakshmi. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3010695
- Wu, Jain-Ming, and Jie-Zhi Wu. 1993. “Vortex Lift at a Very High Angle of Attack with Massively Separated Unsteady Flow.” In Fluid Dynamics of High Angle of Attack. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52460-8_2
- Wu, Hao, Shahriar Iqbal Zame, Tao Guo, Qing-Long Lu, and Constantinos Antoniou. 2025c. “A Sustainable Multi-Objective Framework for Multi-Phased, Capacitated Vertiport Siting with Land Use Integration.” Communications in Transportation Research 5: 100186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.commtr.2025.100186
- Wygnanski, I. 1966. “The Effect of Jet Entrainment on Loss of Thrust for a Two-Dimensional Symmetrical Jet-Flap Aerofoil.” Aeronautical Quarterly 17 (1): 31–52. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0001925900003681
- Wyllie, Tim. 2001. “Parachute Recovery for UAV Systems.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 73 (6): 542–51. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660110696696
- Xi, Yangyang, Yujie Wang, Shaofang Sun, Yafei Lu, and Shuai Shao. 2025. “Longitudinal Leveling Analysis and Transition Corridor Study for Tilt-Rotor UAVs.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3073 (1): 012019. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3073/1/012019
- Xi, Leiping, Dizhou Zhang, and Sen Yang. 2019a. “Fuzzy Adaptive PID Control for Translational Flight of a Tail-Sitter UAV.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6508-9_103
- Xia, Guoqing, Yuefeng Liao, and Lu Wang. 2013. “Research on Hybrid Control System of Quadrotor UAV.” Journal of Computer Applications 33 (3): 858–61. https://doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1087.2013.00858
- Xiao, Zhixiang, Haixin Chen, Song Fu, and Fengwei Li. 2004. “Asymmetrical Vortices Breakdown of Delta Wing at High Incidence.” In 22nd Applied Aerodynamics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-4728. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-4728
- Xiao, Jingming, Zhiyu Wu, Hongwei He, Jianfeng Wang, and Lianhe Zhang. 2026. “Cruise Aerodynamic Performance of a Strake-Wing Tail-Sitter UAV.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 3326 (1): 012030. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/3326/1/012030
- Xie, Qingqing, Bin Luo, Fuxiao Tan, and Xinping Guan. 2015. “Optimal Control for Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft Non-Linear System by Online Kernel-Based Dual Heuristic Programming Learning.” IET Control Theory & Applications 9 (6): 981–87. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2013.0889
- Xin, Ji, Renliang Chen, and Pan Li. 2015. “Time-Stepping Free-Wake Methodology for Rotor Flow Field Simulation in Ground Effect.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 87 (5): 418–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-09-2013-0173
- Xin, Hong, J. Prasad, and D. Peters. 1998. “Unsteady Aerodynamics of Helicopter Rotor Hovering in Dynamic Ground Effect.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4456. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4456
- Xin, Hongbo, Yujie Wang, Xianzhong Gao, et al. 2021. “Modeling and Control of a Quadrotor Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering 236 (3): 443–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/09596518211050466
- Xingjian, Zhang. 2023. “Design of PID and ADRC Based Adaptively Anti-Disturbance Quadrotor Hovering Controller.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2580 (1): 012047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2580/1/012047
- Xu, Hector. 2023. Teleoperations for Light Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-109
- Xu, Zixuan, Jing Wang, Wei Wu, and Mingyang Xie. 2024b. “Visual Servo Control-Based UAV Autonomous Landing.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-1087-4_32
- Xu, Zhixiong, Guangwei Wen, Yixin Hu, Xu Chao, and Li Fan. 2026c. “Trajectory Planning for Level Flight of Eagle of Taihu 10, a Canard-Configured Tail-Sitter Technology Demonstrator.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6173519
- Xu, Kewei, and Gecheng Zha. 2022. “3D Aircraft Control Surface Enabled by Co-Flow Jet Flap.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3889. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3889
- Xu, Xinli, and Chunwei Zhang. 2019. “Cascade ADRC Based Fault-Tolerant Control for a Hovering PVTOL Aircraft.” In Mechanisms and Machine Science. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17677-8_19
- Xu, Xinli, Chunwei Zhang, and osheng Hu. 2019d. “Research on Reconfigurable Control for a Hovering PVTOL Aircraft.” International Journal of Modelling, Identification and Control 32 (3/4): 232–37. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijmic.2019.103658
- Xu, Yinbo, Yongwei Zhang, Huan Liu, and Xiangke Wang. 2019a. “Deep Learning for UAV Autonomous Landing Based on Self-Built Image Dataset.” In Eleventh International Conference on Machine Vision (ICMV 2018), edited by Dmitry P. Nikolaev, Petia Radeva, Antanas Verikas, Jianhong Zhou. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2522751
- Yackle, A. 1969. “Retracted Rotor Aircraft Technology Assessment.” In VTOL Research, Design, and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1969-219. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-219
- Yamada, T., and Y. Nakamura. 2002. “Aerodynamic Characteristics of a 65-Deg Delta Wing at Steep Spin.” In 40th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting & Exhibit. AIAA 2002-97. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-97
- Yamaguchi, Kohei. 2026. “Geometric Effects on Crosswind-Induced Aerodynamic Moments of Multirotor-Type eVTOL Aircraft.” Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2026.64 (0): 09A1. https://doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2026.64.09a1
- Yamanaka, Kuniyasu. 1972. “Experimental Study on High Loading Combustor for Lift Jet Engine.” In ASME 1972 International Gas Turbine and Fluids Engineering Conference and Products Show. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/72-gt-99
- Yamato, Hiroyuki, Noriaki Okada, and Toshio Bando. 1988. “Flight Test of the Japanese USB STOL Experimental Aircraft ASKA.” In 4th Flight Test Conference. AIAA 1988-2180. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-2180
- Yan, Xufei, Jiandong Cai, Bin Lou, et al. 2023b. “Rotor Cross-Tilt Optimization of Manned Multi-Rotor eVTOL Aircraft for Yaw Control Efficiency.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18052
- Yan, Xufei, Renliang Chen, Bin Lou, Ye Xie, Anhuan Xie, and Dan Zhang. 2021b. “Study on Control Strategy for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Conversion Procedure.” Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1924 (1): 012010. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1924/1/012010
- Yan, Binbin, Yong Li, Pei Dai, and Muzeng Xing. 2019. “Adaptive Wing Morphing Strategy and Flight Control Method of a Morphing Aircraft Based on Reinforcement Learning.” Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 37 (4): 656–63. https://doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20193740656
- Yan, Xiaoheng S., Matthew McCrink, and Jeffrey P. Bons. 2025. “The Application of Trailing Edge Coandă AFC in a Propeller Slipstream.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2052. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2052
- Yan, Jiayao, Mark Sperry, David Kamensky, and John T. Hwang. 2021a. “Dynamic Topology Optimization of Battery Packs for eVTOL Aircraft under Time-Dependent Loading.” In AIAA Aviation 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-3068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-3068
- Yan, Su, and Musa Wiston. 2026. “Mission and Phase Feature Learning for eVTOL Li-Ion Battery,Prognostics with Machine Learning Algorithms.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6265291
- Yan, Xufei, Ye Yuan, and Renliang Chen. 2023a. “Research on Pilot Control Strategy and Workload for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Conversion Procedure.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202306.2005.v1
- Yan Zhou, Shuai Wu, Zewen Tang, Zongxia Jiao, and P. C.-K. Luk. 2018. “Modeling and Simulation of a Distributed Electric Propulsion Aircraft by Modelica.” In CSAA/IET International Conference on Aircraft Utility Systems (AUS 2018). Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2018.0120
- Yang, H. 1970. “C-5A Main Landing Gear Bogie Pitching Control.” In 2nd Aircraft Design and Operations Meeting. AIAA 1970-914. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1970-914
- Yang, Lan. 2025. “Aircraft Pilot Workload Assessment Based on Non-Contact Sensors: A Review.” Academic Journal of Science and Technology 18 (2): 256–61. https://doi.org/10.54097/hhzrf702
- Yang, Ciann-Dong, and Shun-Yuan Chang. 2024. “Flight Control Design Based on Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion for Post-Stall Maneuvers.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202408.0423.v1
- Yang, Xinyu, Riley J. Cox-Gross, Richard P. Anderson, and Kyle B. Collins. 2024a. “Advancements in High-Speed Vertical Takeoff and Landing (HSVTOL) Aircraft: Preliminary Design, Analysis, and Technological Innovations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-1474. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-1474
- Yang, Xianhao, and Xiongfeng Deng. 2024. “Attitude Tracking Control for VTOL Aircraft with Uncertain Disturbances Based on Adaptive Neural Network ADRC Method.” Unmanned Systems 13 (04): 1053–64. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385025500657
- Yang, Rui, Changping Du, Jiahao Yu, et al. 2026d. “Transition Mode Hybrid Control Strategy for Tiltrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In Springer Aerospace Technology. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7840-5_9
- Yang, Enquan, and Jinyuan Gao. 2003. “Large Maneuverable Flight Control Using Neural Networks Dynamic Inversion.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 5253, edited by Guangjun Zhang, Huijie Zhao, Zhongyu Wang. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.522107
- Yang, Xilin, Matthew Garratt, and Hemanshu Pota. 2010. “Monotonous Trend Estimation of Deck Displacement for Automatic Landing of Rotorcraft UAVs.” In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-1110-5_18
- Yang, X., M. Garratt, and H. Pota. 2012b. “Non-Linear Position Control for Hover and Automatic Landing of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles.” IET Control Theory & Applications 6 (7): 911–20. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2011.0046
- Yang, Seungjoon, John Gerdes, James D. Baeder, et al. 2023b. “eVTOL Rotor Performance and Acoustic Noise Study Using Unified Comprehensive Modeling and Acoustic Analysis.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum and Technology Display. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0079-2023-18127
- Yang, Inseok, Donggil Kim, and Dongik Lee. 2012a. “A Flight Control Strategy Using Robust Dynamic Inversion Based on Sliding Mode Control.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2012-4527. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4527
- Yang, Zhi, Andrew C. Kirby, and Dimitri J. Mavriplis. 2022a. “Comparison of Propeller-Wing Interaction Simulation Using Different Levels of Fidelity.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1678. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1678
- Yang, Haiyun, Yiheng Li, and Jing Hu. 2025b. “Research on the Requirement Validation Process of an eVTOL Aircraft.” In 2nd International Conference on Green Aviation (ICGA 2024). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024080016
- Yang, Xiaoxi, Baokuan Li, Yang Nie, and Zhibo Ren. 2026a. “Effects of Jet Exhaust on Engine Inlet Distortion during Carrier-Based Aircraft Takeoff.” Thermal Science 30 (2 Part B): 1547–61. https://doi.org/10.2298/tsci250222228y
- Yang, Ciann-Dong, and Wen-Hsiung Liu. 2003. “Robust H-Infinity Decoupling Hover Control of Uncertain Nonlinear Helicopter.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2003-5489. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2003-5489
- Yang, Hao, and Rafael Morales. 2021. “Robust Full-Envelope Flight Control Design for an eVTOL Vehicle.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0254. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0254
- Yang, Bongjun, Sang Gyun Park, Jayaprakash Suraj Nandiganahalli, and Inseok Hwang. 2017a. “A Hybrid-Systems Approach for Analyzing Pilot-Cockpit Interactions.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-1315. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1315
- Yang, Yang, Chong Peng, Mengjie Zhang, Zuopeng Xiao, and Jianzhong Huang. 2026e. “Urban Air Mobility for Emergency Medical Services: A Cost-Timeliness-Equity Multi-Objective Model for Vertiport Siting.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6915852
- Yang, Lingyu, and Gongzhang Shen. 2007. “A New Optimal Control Allocation Method for Aircraft with Multiple Control Effectors.” In 45th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit. AIAA 2007-1052. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2007-1052
- Yang, Jiaxing, Xuebo Yang, and Xiaolong Zheng. 2024c. “Dynamic Gain–based Neural Network Backstepping Control with Its Applications to a Quad-Rotor Hover.” Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 47 (4): 677–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/01423312241257725
- Yang, Baojun, Junhong Zhang, and Zhaorui Song. 2022b. “Design Method of Control Law of Tilt-Rotor Aircraft Based on Modal Characteristic Analysis.” In International Conference on Mechanisms and Robotics (ICMAR 2022), edited by Zeguang Pei. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2652289
- Yang Ning, Wu Liao-ni, and Lin Qi. 2012. “Adaptive Flight Control Law Based on Neural Networks and Dynamic Inversion for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” In International Conference on Automatic Control and Artificial Intelligence (ACAI 2012). Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp.2012.0990
- Yassini, Siamak, and George Syrovy. 2002. “Advanced Tiltrotor Technology VTOL Aircraft with a Single Rotor.” In AIAA’s Aircraft Technology, Integration, and Operations (ATIO) 2002 Technical Forum. AIAA 2002-5831. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2002-5831
- “YAV-8B Reaction Control System Bleed and Control Power Usage in Hover and Transition.” 1993. In International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 1993-4841. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-4841
- Ybarra, A. H., W. W. Rhoades, and N. O. Stockman. 1978. “A Combined Potential and Viscous Flow Solution for V/STOL Engine Inlets.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19780036793
- Ye, Huawen, Meng Li, and Neng Wan. 2020. “Landing Control Design for a VTOL Aircraft.” IET Control Theory & Applications 14 (6): 855–64. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2018.6244
- Ye, Ying Zhe, Yu Liang, Xiaowen Shan, and Kefu Huang. 2026. “A Multi-Fidelity Deep Neural Network Method for Predicting Tiltrotor Aerodynamic Interaction during Transition Flight.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7371642
- Yeganehdoust, Firoozeh, Hamidreza Karbasian, and Brian Vermeire. 2023. “Aerodynamic Optimization of eVTOL Rotor Profiles.” In Progress in Canadian Mechanical Engineering. Volume 6. Université de Sherbrooke. Faculté de génie. https://doi.org/10.17118/11143/20868
- Yeh, Shuan-Tai, Guirong Yan, and Xiaosong Du. 2023. “Inverse Machine Learning Prediction for Optimal Tilt-Wing eVTOL Takeoff Trajectory.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3593. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3593
- Yemenici, Oznur, Nilay Sezer-Uzol, and Oguz Uzol. 2010. “Investigation of Rotor-Rotor Interactions for Two Helicopters in Forward Flight Using Free-Vortex Wake Methodology.” In 28th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2010-4558. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-4558
- Yeo, Yih Tang, and Hugh H. Liu. 2018. “Transition Control of a Tilt-Rotor VTOL UAV.” In 2018 AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2018-1848. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-1848
- Yilmaz, Emre, Matthew Warren, and Brian German. 2019. “Energy and Landing Accuracy Considerations for Urban Air Mobility Vertiport Approach Surfaces.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3122
- Yin, Mingzhou, Q. Ping Chu, Ye Zhang, Michael A. Niestroy, and Coen C. de Visser. 2019b. “Probabilistic Flight Envelope Estimation with Application to Unstable over-Actuated Aircraft.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0951. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0951
- Yin, Hai-peng, and Li-xin Wang. 2017. “Longitudinal Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies Prediction Method of Receiver Aircraft in Hose-Drogue Aerial Refueling.” DEStech Transactions on Engineering and Technology Research, no. amsm. https://doi.org/10.12783/dtetr/amsm2017/14821
- Ying, Zhang, and Ye Liang. 2013. “A Numerical Study on Tilt Rotor Aircraft Flow Fields and Aerodynamics in Transition Mode Based on Actuator Model and Unstructured Embedded Grid.” In 2013 International Powered Lift Conference. AIAA 2013-4381. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-4381
- Yip, Long P. 1987. Wind-Tunnel Free-Flight Investigation of a 0.15-Scale Model of the F-106B Airplane with Vortex Flaps. NASA-TP-2700. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19870012422
- Yip, Long P., David J. Fratello, David B. Robelen, and George M. Makowiec. 1990. Static Wind-Tunnel and Radio-Controlled Flight Test Investigation of a Remotely Piloted Vehicle Having a Delta Wing Planform. NASA-TM-4200. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19900014922
- Yntema, Robert T., and Benjamin Milwitzky. 1952. An Impulse-Momentum Method for Calculating Landing-Gear Contact Conditions in Eccentric Landings. NACA-TN-2596. National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics. Langley Aeronautical Lab. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19930083424
- Yoeli, Rafi. 2003. “The X-Hawk VTOL Utility Vehicle.” In Vertical Flight Society Annual Forum & Technology Display (VFS Forum). https://doi.org/10.4050/vfs-f59-000267
- Yomchinda, Thanan, Joseph Horn, and Neil Cameron. 2009. “Integrated Flight Control Design and Handling Qualities Analysis for a Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2009-6058. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-6058
- Yon, Steven, and Sicheng Kevin Li. 2026. Experimental Investigation of Half-Ground Effects on Hovering Rotor Aerodynamics. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm-2026-vlada-5207
- Yoo, Chang-Sun. 2005. “Development of Simulation Program for Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Journal of Control Automation and Systems Engineering 11 (3): 193–99. https://doi.org/10.5302/j.icros.2005.11.3.193
- Yoo, Min Goo, and Sung Kyung Hong. 2015. “System Identification of the Quadrotor Flying Robot in Hover Using Prediction Error Method.” In Advanced Science and Technology Letters. Science & Engineering Research Support soCiety. https://doi.org/10.14257/astl.2015.118.05
- Yoo, Sungyul, and Daniel J. Strash. 1989. “A Zonal Approach to V/STOL Vehicle Aerodynamics.” In AIAA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19890060263
- Yoon, Donghyun, Minwoo Jeong, Jinyong Lee, Seyun Kim, and Yoonjin Yoon. 2025. “Integrating Urban Air Mobility with Highway Infrastructure: A Strategic Approach for Vertiport Location Selection in the Seoul Metropolitan Area.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5343371
- Yoon, Seungho, H. Jin Kim, and Youdan Kim. 2009. “Spiral Landing Trajectory and Pursuit Guidance Law Design for Vision-Based Net-Recovery UAV.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2009-5682. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5682
- Yoshinaga, Takashi, Tomoyuki Nakaji, Tadashi Horikawa, and Atsushi Tate. 2004. “Effect of Vertical Strake on the Wing Rock of 80deg Delta Wing.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2004-5367. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2004-5367
- You, Rui, Hong Xiao, Guo Chen, and Yufeng Liang. 2024. “The Parameter Augmentation Pretraining Neural Network Model of Aero-Engine Thrust Prediction.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2024-127933
- Young, P. H. 1961. “Lift-Thrust Turbofan Engines for VTOL and STOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/610323
- Young, Larry A. 2023. Novel Tilting Ducted-Fan Aerial Vehicle Configurations. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-100
- Young, Larry, and Ganesh Rajagopalan. 2013. “Simulated Rotor Wake Interactions Resulting from Civil Tiltrotor Aircraft Operations near Vertiport Terminals.” In 51st AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. AIAA 2013-801. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-801
- Yu, TaeJung. 2023. “A Study on the Criteria for Applying the Obstacle Limitation Surface of the UAM Vertiport.” Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics 31 (1): 18–25. https://doi.org/10.12985/ksaa.2023.31.1.018
- Yu, Li Ming, and Hong Liang Liu. 2013. “The FWB Filter with Real-Time Detector to Suppress Category II Pilot Induced Oscillation.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 278-280: 1713–18. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.278-280.1713
- Yu, Ling, and Nan Nan. 2017. “Adaptive Multiple-Sliding-Mode Control of a VTOL UAV Based on the MRPs.” International Journal of Control and Automation 10 (4): 59–70. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2017.10.4.06
- Yuan, S. 1969. “Jet Circulation Control Airfoil for VTOL Rotors.” In CASI/AIAA Subsonic Aero-and Hydro-Dynamics Meeting. AIAA 1969-741. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1969-741
- Yuan, Dajun. 2024. “The Overview of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Technology.” Applied and Computational Engineering 93 (1): 40–44. https://doi.org/10.54254/2755-2721/93/2024bj0069
- Yuan, Chen. 2026. “Aerodynamic Characterization of Unmanned Aircraft: A Descriptive Review of Flight-Test and Parametric Approaches.” Theoretical and Natural Science 180 (1): 94–100. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2026.dl34744
- Yuan, Xin, Kam K. H. Ng, Qinbiao Li, and Mengtao Lyu. 2025. “Staying Aware: Enhancing Pilot Cognitive Resilience from Reactive to Proactive via Adaptive Attention-Aware Interactions in the Cockpit.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5930193
- Yuan, Ye, Douglas G. Thomson, and David Anderson. 2020b. “Dynamic Performance Investigation for Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In Vertical Flight Society Forum. https://doi.org/10.4050/f-0076-2020-16303
- Yuan, Laohu, Wenhao Zhang, and Xin Wen. 2015a. “Study on Model and Simulation of the Tilt Rotor Aircraft in Transition Mode.” In Proceedings of the 2015 International Conference on Advances in Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Informatics. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ameii-15.2015.255
- Yubo, Liu, Bei Haohan, Li Wenhao, and Huang Ying. 2020. “Survey of UAV Autonomous Landing Based on Vision Processing.” In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57796-4_29
- Yuhas, Andrew, and Ronald Ray. 1992. “Effects of Bleed Air Extraction of Thrust Levels on the F404-GE-400 Turbofan Engine.” In 28th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 1992-3092. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1992-3092
- Yuksek, Burak, and Gokhan Inalhan. 2022. “Transition Flight Control System Design for Fixed-Wing VTOL UAV: A Reinforcement Learning Approach.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0879. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0879
- Yun, Chul Yong, Ill Kyung Park, In Seong Hwang, and Seung Jo Kim. 2005. “Thrust Control Mechanism of VTOL UAV Cyclocopter with Cycloidal Blades System.” Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures 16 (11–12): 937–43. https://doi.org/10.1177/1045389x05057520
- Yunusov, Sergey M., Vladimir Labendik, and Eugene A. Kopytov. 2006. “Turbofan Thrust Control on Flight Information in Aircraft Engine Diagnostic System.” Ultrasound 60 (3): 20–23. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.u.60.3.16991
- Zabinsky, Joseph M. 1964. “The Effect of Propulsion System Parameters on Vertical Take-Off and Landing Performance of a Transport Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/640235
- Zabinsky, J. M. 1966. A Review of STOL Designs for the NASA SHORT-HAUL Transport Study. Boeing Co. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19660015339
- Zabinsky, J. M., and R. W. Burnham. 1975. “Design of a V/STOL Technology Airplane.” In American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19750057623
- Zabinsky, J., and R. Burnham. 1977. “Conceptual Design Studies of Navy Type a V/STOL Aircraft.” In V/STOL Conference. AIAA 1977-579. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1977-579
- Zabinsky, J. M., P. Gotlieb, and G. W. Jakubowski. 1975. “Mechanically Coupled Lift Fan Propulsion and Control for Multimission V/STOL Aircraft.” In Society of Automotive Engineers. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760039349
- Zabinsky, J. M., and H. C. Higgins. 1975. Design Definition Study of a Lift/cruise Fan Technology V/STOL Airplane: Summary. NASA-CR-137749. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19760011013
- Zafi, Nogib Anwar, and Imon Chakraborty. 2023. “Physics-Based Lifting Surface Weight Estimation for Conceptual Design of Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-3663. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3663
- Zafirov, Dimo. 2010. “Joined Wings Thrust Vectored UAV Flight Envelope.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 2010-7509. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2010-7509
- Zafirov, Dimo I. 2013. “Autonomous VTOL Joined Wing UAV.” In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference. AIAA 2013-5087. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2013-5087
- Zafirov, Dimo. 2019. “Electric Vertical Take-off and Landing Fixed Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Long Endurance or Long Range?” Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 31: 99–107. https://doi.org/10.3897/arb.v31.e08
- Zagranski, R. D., R. M. Lamart, and A. H. White. 1974. Turbine Engine Fuel Control Reliability Test and Evaluation. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0785580
- Zahn, David, Gayle Patterson, Ethan Williams, Sarah Eggum, and Tyler Fettrow. n.d. “Flight Test Evaluation of Autonomous Descending-Decelerating Precision Point-in-Space Approach to the Ground.” In 43rd Digital Avionics Systems Conference. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20240008754
- Zaitceva, Iu. S. 2020. “Parameter Setting of Pilot Behavioral Dynamic Model in Aircraft Control Loop.” Scientific and Technical Journal of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics 20 (2): 200–205. https://doi.org/10.17586/2226-1494-2020-20-2-200-205
- Zakir, Jawad, Muhammad Hasnain Quraishi, Usman Zia, Jehanzeb Masud, and Muhammad Muneeb Safdar. 2024. “Investigation of High Angle of Attack Characteristics of Blended Wing Body Configurations.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0304. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0304
- Zalewski, Wiesław. 2015. “A Study of Propeller for High Altitude Unmanned Airplane.” Journal of KONES Powertrain and Transport 22 (4): 329–34. https://doi.org/10.5604/12314005.1168508
- Zaludin, Zairil. 2024. “Issues and Trends of Transitioning from Forward Flight to Hover for Landing for a Converted Hybrid Fixed Wing VTOL UAS from Autopilot Perspective.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 2991. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0198564
- Zanoni, Andrea, Pierre Garbo, and Giuseppe Quaranta. 2022b. “Online Evaluation of Helicopter Pilot Workload during Flight Simulator Experiments.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-0511. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-0511
- Zare, Zahra, Mumtaz Karatas, and Yu-Jun Zheng. 2025. “A Capacitated Set Cover Formulation for Vertiport Location and Air Taxi Allocation.” In Proceedings of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Operations Management. IEOM Society International. https://doi.org/10.46254/na10.20250193
- Zawodny, Nikolas S., D. Douglas Boyd Jr., and Douglas M. Nark. n.d. “Aerodynamic and Acoustic Interactions Associated with Inboard Propeller-Wing Configurations.” In AIAA SciTech Forum and Exposition. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20205010226
- Zawodny, Nikolas S., Nicole A. Pettingill, Leonard V. Lopes, and Daniel J. Ingraham. 2023. Experimental Validation of an Acoustically and Aerodynamically Optimized UAM Proprotor Part 1: Test Setup and Results. Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20220015637
- Zaytseva, Yu. S., N. V. Kuznetsov, B. R. Andrievsky, and E. V. Kudryashova. 2021. “Pilot-Induced Oscillation Prevention during the Aircraft Landing.” Proceedings of Higher Educational Institutions. Маchine Building, no. 12 (741): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.18698/0536-1044-2021-12-3-10
- Zeyada, Yasser, Ronald Hess, and Wichai Siwakosit. 1998. “Analysis of Aircraft Handling Qualities and Pilot-Induced Oscillation Tendencies with Actuator Saturation.” In 23rd Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. AIAA 1998-4334. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1998-4334
- Zha, Gecheng. 2023. eVTOL Vehicles Enabled by Deflected Slipstream with CoFlow Jet Active Flow Control. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_2023_avtol-96
- Zha, Gecheng, and Yan Ren. 2023. “Deflected Slipstream Airfoil for VTOL Hover Enabled by CoFlow Jet, Part I: Design and Simulation.” In AIAA AVIATION 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-4279. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-4279
- Zha, Gecheng, Yan Ren, William Fredericks, and Siena Whiteside. 2024. “Design and Testing of Deflected Slipstream Airfoil for VTOL Hover Enabled by CoFlow Jet.” In AIAA Aviation Forum and Ascend 2024. AIAA 2024-4420. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-4420
- Zha, Gecheng, Yan Ren, JIaye Gan, and Daniel Espinal. 2019. “A High Efficiency Low Noise VTOL/ESTOL Concept Using CoFLow Jet Airfoil.” In AIAA Propulsion and Energy 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-4467. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-4467
- Zhang, Xiang, and Ramesh K. Agarwal. 2020. “Numerical Simulation of Fountain Formation Due to Normal and Inclined Twin-Jet Impingement on Ground.” In AIAA Aviation 2020 Forum. AIAA 2020-3068. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-3068
- Zhang, Xiang, Ramesh K. Agarwal, and Ling Zhou. 2019f. “Numerical Simulation of Fountain Formation Due to Twin-Jet Impingement on Ground.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3643. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3643
- Zhang, Jiannan, Pranav Bhardwaj, Stefan A. Raab, and Florian Holzapfel. 2019b. “Control Allocation Framework with SVD-Based Protection for a Tilt-Rotor VTOL Transition Air Vehicle.” In AIAA Aviation 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-3265. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-3265
- Zhang, Jiannan, Pranav Bhardwaj, Stefan A. Raab, Saurabh Saboo, and Florian Holzapfel. 2018a. “Control Allocation Framework for a Tilt-Rotor Vertical Take-off and Landing Transition Aircraft Configuration.” In 2018 Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2018-3480. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2018-3480
- Zhang, Dizhou, Zili Chen, and Junwei Lv. 2012. “Lift System Design of Tail-Sitter Unmanned Aerial Vehicle.” Intelligent Control and Automation 03 (04): 285–90. https://doi.org/10.4236/ica.2012.34033
- Zhang, Yong, Zengqiang Chen, Mingwei Sun, and Xinghui Zhang. 2019h. “Trajectory Tracking Control of a Quadrotor UAV Based on Sliding Mode Active Disturbance Rejection Control.” Nonlinear Analysis: Modelling and Control 24 (4): 545–60. https://doi.org/10.15388/na.2019.4.4
- Zhang, Yonghong, Yunfei Deng, Yunping Liu, and Lihua Wang. 2019c. “Dynamics Modeling and Stability Analysis of Tilt Wing Unmanned Aerial Vehicle during Transition.” Computers, Materials & Continua 59 (3): 833–51. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2019.04078
- Zhang, Jiahui, Weicheng Di, Zixing Wei, Jinwu Xiang, Daochun Li, and Zhan Tu. 2026b. “Anti-Disturbance for Vectored-Thrust VTOL via Sliding Mode Control with Enhanced Observer.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-7668-5_18
- Zhang, Fubiao, and Florian Holzapfel. 2015. “Flight Control Using Physical Dynamic Inversion.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 2015-1758. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-1758
- Zhang, Henghao, Shuai Huang, Jinglei Xu, Jingqing Chen, and Shuxun Liu. 2026a. “Analysis of the Non-Linear Thrust Vectoring Characteristics of the Cavity-Bypass Dual-Throat Nozzle.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6900660
- Zhang, Xin, and Dan Ing. 1993. “A Study of Single Jet Impingement Ground Effect Lift Loss.” In 31st Aerospace Sciences Meeting. AIAA 1993-869. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1993-869
- Zhang, Fu, Ximin Lyu, Ya Wang, Haowei Gu, and Zexiang Li. 2017e. “Modeling and Flight Control Simulation of a Quadrotor Tailsitter VTOL UAV.” In AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference. AIAA 2017-1561. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-1561
- Zhang, Bing-Yu, and Blaise Morton. 1995. “Stability and Robustness Analysis of Dynamic Inversion Control Laws for Nonlinear Control of Fighter Aircraft.” In Control Problems in Industry. Birkhäuser Boston. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2580-5_14
- Zhang, Yu, Lincheng Shen, Yirui Cong, Dianle Zhou, and Daibing Zhang. 2013a. “Ground-Based Visual Guidance in Autonomous UAV Landing.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9067, edited by Branislav Vuksanovic, Jianhong Zhou, Antanas Verikas. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2052977
- Zhang, Hang, Bifeng Song, Haifeng Wang, and Jianlin Xuan. 2019d. “A Method for Evaluating the Wind Disturbance Rejection Capability of a Hybrid UAV in the Quadrotor Mode.” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles 11: 1756829319869647. https://doi.org/10.1177/1756829319869647
- Zhang, Jiannan, Max Söpper, Florian Holzapfel, and Shuguang Zhang. 2024a. “4D Generalized AMS Optimization Considering Critical Engine Inoperative for an eVTOL.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202411.0140.v1
- Zhang, Jieao, Dakun Sun, Jiahao Hu, Dengke Xu, Xin Liu, and Xiaofeng Sun. 2026d. “Resolvent Analysis of Single Rotor Wake Stability in Ground Effect.” In Topical Problems of Fluid Mechanics 2026. Institute of Thermomechanics of the Czech Academy of Sciences; CTU in Prague Faculty of Mech. Engineering Dept. Tech. Mathematics. https://doi.org/10.14311/tpfm.2026.039
- Zhang, Xi, Zhijin Wang, and Ismet Gursul. 2015a. “Interaction of Multiple Vortices over a Double Delta Wing.” In 45th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2308. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2308
- Zhang, Xizhe, Zhijin Wang, and Ismet Gursul. 2017b. “Control of Multiple Vortices over a Double Delta Wing.” In 47th AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference. AIAA 2017-4122. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2017-4122
- Zhang, Jiannan, Jian Wang, Fubiao Zhang, and Florian Holzapfel. 2019e. “Modeling and Incremental Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Control for a Highly Redundant Flight System.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1922. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1922
- Zhang, Yufei, and Zhong Wu. 2025. “Survey on Anti-Disturbance Control of Quadrotor UAVs Landing on Moving Platform.” Journal of Vibration and Control 32 (13–14): 3349–65. https://doi.org/10.1177/10775463251347061
- Zhang, Saite, Yunjie Yang, Xiangyang Wang, Jihong Zhu, and Xiaojun Zhang. 2022d. “Modeling and Dynamic Analysis of a Distributed Propulsion Tilt-Rotor Aircraft.” In AIAA AVIATION 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-3871. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-3871
- Zhang, Yuan Qi, Wei Ping Zhao, and Song Xiang. 2014a. “Control Law and Simulation Analysis of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Stage of Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Advanced materials research 1082: 521–24. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.521
- Zhang, Yuan Qi, Wei Ping Zhao, and Song Xiang. 2014b. “Non-Linear PID Controller Parameter Optimization of Vertical Take-Off and Landing Stage for Tilt Rotor Aircraft.” Advanced materials research 1082: 525–28. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.525
- Zhang, Yinong, Huimin Zhao, Dehai Zhu, Ban Wang, Jiangtao Huang, and Zhenghong Gao. 2023b. “Flight Control of a Canard Rotor/Wing VTOL Aircraft Based on Reinforcement Learning under Transition Flight Mode.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_184
- Zhang, Zhirong, Xinyi Zheng, Jin Zheng, Yong Fang, Zhiyuan Liu, and Qixiu Cheng. 2025f. “A Two-Stage Optimization Framework for Vertiport Location and Vehicle-to-Path Assignment in Urban Air Mobility: Balancing Cost and Service Performance.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5873342
- Zhao, Yang. 2017. “A Sliding Mode Controller for under-Actuated VTOL Aircraft.” International Journal of Control and Automation 10 (7): 149–62. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijca.2017.10.7.13
- Zhao, Qinghe. 2018. “Numerical Simulation of Rotor in Hover and Forward Flight.” MATEC Web of Conferences 179: 03011. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817903011
- Zhao, Qiuying, Skyler Baugher, and Chunhua Sheng. 2019. “NASA PSP Rotor Hover Simulation with Fuselage Effect.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-0594. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-0594
- Zhao, Hui, and Cees Bil. 2008. “Aerodynamic Design and Analysis of a VTOL Ducted-Fan UAV.” In 26th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2008-7516. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7516
- Zhao, Hui Wen, Cees Bil, and Bok-Hyun Yoon. 2009. “Control and Simulation of a Ducted Fan VTOL UAV.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2009-01-3126
- Zhao, Pan, Adam Hallmark, and Jordan D. Larson. 2025a. “Constrained Control of Lift-Plus-Cruise VTOL Aircraft Using Reference Governors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0934. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0934
- Zhao, Hui, and Fei Han. 2026. “A Behavioral Game-Theoretic Framework Integrating Spherical Fuzzy Sets and CPT for NIMBY-Sensitive Urban Vertiport Siting.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6776373
- Zhao, Yiyuan, Ali Jhemi, and Robert Chen. 1995. “Optimal VTOL Operation of a Multiengine Helicopter in the Event of One Engine Failure.” In Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. AIAA 1995-3178. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.1995-3178
- Zhao, Zhenhao, Jonathan Lee, Zongyao Li, Chung H. Park, and Peng Wei. 2023d. “Vision-Based Perception with Safety Awareness for UAS Autonomous Landing.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0126. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0126
- Zhao, Xinyan, Lin Ma, and Danyang Qin. 2024e. “UAV Autonomous Landing Pose Estimation Using Monocular Vision Based on Cooperative Identification and Scene Reconstruction.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-7505-1_46
- Zhao, Yunji, Hailong Pei, and Hongbo Zhou. 2013. “Improved Vision-Based Algorithm for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Autonomous Landing.” Journal of Multimedia 8 (2). https://doi.org/10.4304/jmm.8.2.90-97
- Zhao, Qiuying, and Chunhua Sheng. 2015. “Numerical Investigation and Validation for Open Rotor Hover Performance.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-3014. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-3014
- Zhao, Qiuying, and Chunhua Sheng. 2021. “Predictions of HVAB Rotor in Hover Using Hybrid RANS/LES Methods.” In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. AIAA 2021-0618. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0618
- Zhao, Qiuying, and Chunhua Sheng. 2022. “Predictions of HVAB Rotor in Hover Using Hybrid RANS/LES Methods: II.” In AIAA SCITECH 2022 Forum. AIAA 2022-1550. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2022-1550
- Zhao, Qiuying, and Chunhua Sheng. 2024. “Predictions of HVAB Rotor in Hover with Cone and Lag Effects.” In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. AIAA 2024-0894. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-0894
- Zhao, Qiuying, and Chunhua Sheng. 2025. “Computational Simulation and Analysis of a Conceptual eVTOL.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-2026. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-2026
- Zhao, Chong, and Ning Wang. 2016. “Tilt Rotor Aircraft Coupling Research.” In Advances in Intelligent Systems Research. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/mcei-16.2016.122
- Zhao, Yanqin, Xin Yu, and Ye Yuan. 2025c. “INDI-Based Control for Full Flight Modes of Tiltrotor/Tiltwing Aircraft.” In AIAA SCITECH 2025 Forum. AIAA 2025-0316. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2025-0316
- Zhao, Qingfeng, Yawen Zhang, Rui Wang, and Zhou Zhou. 2025d. “Modeling and Control of Hover Flight for a Distributed Electric Propulsion VTOL.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202508.2060.v1
- Zhao, jiawei, zewei Zheng, and zhenchen Liu. 2026b. “Transition Control for STOVL Aircraft during Take-off: A Lyapunov-Guided Reinforcement Learning Approach for Hierarchical Control Allocation.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6926148
- Zhao, Xin, Zhou Zhou, Jiayue Hu, Kelei Wang, and Baiyang Li. 2025b. “Dynamics Analysis, Control and Flight Test of All-Wing Tail-Sitting Configuration Solar Powered Uav.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5231853
- Zheng, Qinze, Yu Liang, and Xiaowen Shan. 2024. “Simulation of Propeller Slipstream and Its Effect on Wing.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-3998-1_137
- Zheng, Yiyuan, Yanyu Lu, Yuwen Jie, and Shan Fu. 2019. “Predicting Workload Experienced in a Flight Test by Measuring Workload in a Flight Simulator.” Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 90 (7): 618–23. https://doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5350.2019
- Zheng, Wanzheng, and Jason M. Merret. 2022. Aerodynamic Survey of Novel eVTOL Configuration Using SU2. https://doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-014
- Zheng, Wanzheng, and Jason M. Merret. 2023. “Drag Reduction Techniques for eVTOL Configuration with Shrouded Rotors.” In AIAA SCITECH 2023 Forum. AIAA 2023-0032. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-0032
- Zheng, Weijie, Zijie Qin, Xi Zhao, Bo Zhu, and Kun Liu. 2023. “Evaluation of the Control Allocation Methods for DEP-VTOL Aircraft.” In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-6613-2_238
- Zhi, Jianhui, Yong Chen, Xinmin Dong, Zongcheng Liu, and Chao Shi. 2018. “Robust Adaptive FTC Allocation for over-Actuated Systems with Uncertainties and Unknown Actuator Non-Linearity.” IET Control Theory & Applications 12 (2): 273–81. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2017.0385
- Zhong, Jikang, Yanchun Chang, Han Jiang, and Yuqing He. 2026. “Thrust Feedback Based Dual-Layer Wind Disturbance Rejection Control for VTOL Fixed-Wing UAVs.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.7359961
- Zhou, Jinni. n.d. “Unified Controller Design Method and Implementation for Tail-Sitter VTOL UAVs.” PhD diss., The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology. https://doi.org/10.14711/thesis-991012717867803412
- Zhou, Minglong, and Xiongfeng Deng. 2024. “Adaptive Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Tracking Control for a VTOL Aircraft System under Predefined Performance.” Unmanned Systems 13 (03): 789–99. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2301385025500487
- Zhou, Yang, Guoping Huang, and Lei Li. 2019a. “Numerical Investigation of a VTOL Power Unit Based on Gas-Driven Fan.” In AIAA Scitech 2019 Forum. AIAA 2019-1687. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2019-1687
- Zhou, Shixiong, Tian Luan, Fan Yang, and Shuai Jia. 2026b. “Density Dependent Wind Aware Vertiport Placement for Optimized Urban Air Mobility Networks.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.6083298
- Zhou, Jian, and Changkun Xin. 2020. “Controller Design for Acceleration and Deceleration of a Turbofan Aircraft Engine.” In Volume 1: Aircraft Engine; Fans and Blowers. American Society of Mechanical Engineers. https://doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14409
- Zhou, YiBiao, and Bihui Zhang. 2024. “Autonomous Landing of UAV in Non-Cooperative Environments Based on Fusion of Monocular and Stereo Depth Estimation.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/2024-01-7019
- Zhou, Dianle, Zhiwei Zhong, Daibing Zhang, Lincheng Shen, and Chengping Yan. 2015a. “Autonomous Landing of a Helicopter UAV with a Ground-Based Multisensory Fusion System.” In SPIE Proceedings, vol. 9445, edited by Antanas Verikas, Branislav Vuksanovic, Petia Radeva, Jianhong Zhou. SPIE. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2183270
- Zhu, Yuanzhao, Guoping Huang, Chen Xia, and Yang Wu. 2024a. “Aerodynamic Design of Fixed-Wing Vtol Aircraft Powered by Gas-Driven Fan Propulsion System.” Preprint, . https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5071654
- Zhu, Qi Dan, Xue Zheng Meng, and Zhi Zhang. 2013. “Simulation Research on Motion Law of Arresting Hook during Landing.” Applied Mechanics and Materials 300-301: 997–1002. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.300-301.997
- Zhu, He, Hong Nie, Xiaohui Wei, and Ming Zhang. 2022a. “Design and Experimental Testing of Safe Flight Control System for Novel Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft.” Journal of Vibroengineering 24 (3): 481–500. https://doi.org/10.21595/jve.2021.22190
- Zhu, B., X. Wang, and K.-Y. Cai. 2010. “Tracking Control for Angular-Rate-Sensorless Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft in the Presence of Angular-Position Measurement Delay.” IET Control Theory & Applications 4 (6): 957–69. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-cta.2009.0139
- Zhu, Bingtao, BingJun Zhang, and Quanbo Ge. 2023a. “A Nonlinear Model Predictive Control Based Control Method to Quadrotor Landing on Moving Platform.” Cognitive Computation and Systems 5 (2): 118–31. https://doi.org/10.1049/ccs2.12081
- Zhuang, Likui, Yadong Han, Yanming Fan, Yunfeng Cao, Biao Wang, and Qin Zhang. 2012. “Method of Pose Estimation for UAV Landing.” Chinese Optics Letters 10 (S2): S20401. https://doi.org/10.3788/col201210.s20401
- Ziakkas, Dimitrios. 2026. “Global Regulatory and Certification Standards for eVTOL Integration.” In Advanced Air Mobility. CRC Press. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003685555-2
- Ziakkas, Dimitrios, Debra Henneberry, and Konstantinos Pechlivanis. 2024. “Application of Emerging Technologies in Electric Vertical Take-Off and Landing CBTA Training.” AHFE international 159. https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1005776
- Zikyamov, Martin, and Hristian Panayotov. 2025. “Simulation Study of Tiltwing-Propeller Vertical Take-off and Landing Aircraft in Hover and Cruise Configurations.” In AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 3274. AIP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0259649
- Zimmerman, Charles. 1955. Some Stability Problems of Vertically Rising Aircraft. https://doi.org/10.4050/sm_wf_1955-4309
- Zimmerman, C. H. 1957. “Some General Considerations Concerning VTOL Aircraft.” SAE technical papers on CD-ROM/SAE technical paper series 1. https://doi.org/10.4271/570018
- Zimmerman, C. H. 1960. Summary of the v STOL State of the Art. NASA Langley Research Center. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630004833
- Zimmermann, C. H. 1963. The Future of V/STOL Aircraft. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630017254
- Zipoy, D. R., S. J. Premselaar, and N. A. Kopchick. 1971. Advanced Integrated Fighter Cockpit Study. Defense Technical Information Center. https://doi.org/10.21236/ad0781827
- Živković, Saša, Momčilo Milinović, and Norbert Adamec. 2014. “Experimental and Numerical Research of a Supersonic Planar Thrust Vectoring Nozzle via Mechanical Tabs.” FME Transaction 42 (3): 205–11. https://doi.org/10.5937/fmet1403205z
- Zizkovsky, Nikola, and Jan Klesa. 2019. “Wing-Propeller Interaction.” MATEC Web of Conferences 304: 02019. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201930402019
- Zmijanovic, Vladeta. n.d. “Secondary Injection Fluidic Thrust Vectoring of an Axisymmetric Supersonic Nozzle.” PhD diss., Orléans. https://doi.org/10.70675/9f2510a4z6006z4100z881ez46cbdb867124
- Zosimovych, Nickolay. 2022. “Flight Transient Estimation of VTOL Aircraft with Propellers.” Advances in Aerospace Science and Technology 07 (01): 85–95. https://doi.org/10.4236/aast.2022.71005
- Zou, Qingze, and Santosh Devasia. 2006. “Preview-Based Stable-Inversion for Nonlinear Nonminimum-Phase Aircraft Tracking: VTOL Example.” In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference and Exhibit. AIAA 2006-6241. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2006-6241
- Zou, Liying, Huiguang Li, Wei Zhao, and Lei Zhu. 2017. “Tracking Control for VTOL Aircraft with Input Disturbances Based on Nonlinear Disturbance Observer.” Control and Intelligent Systems 45 (3). https://doi.org/10.2316/journal.201.2017.3.201-2814
- Zou, Xu, Zhenbao Liu, Qingqing Dang, and Lina Wang. 2023b. “Stable and Accurate Tracking Control of Tail-Sitter Aircraft in All Flight Modes.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (6): 858–68. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2022-0227
- Zou, Xu, Zhenbao Liu, Wen Zhao, and Lina Wang. 2023a. “Design and Implementation of a Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation Platform for a Tail-Sitter UAV.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 95 (6): 985–94. https://doi.org/10.1108/aeat-10-2022-0293
- Zou, Jianan, Yijing Xie, Edison Martinez, Michael Budihartono, and Hever Moncayo. 2026. “Inverse Reinforcement Learning for Safety-Critical VTOL Flight Control.” In AIAA AVIATION 2026 Forum. AIAA 2026-4710. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2026-4710
- Zouaoui, Z., and H. Rami. 2004. “Flight Control System Reconfiguration for “Locked and Centred” and “Non-Neutral Position” Control Surface Failures.” Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 76 (5): 461–66. https://doi.org/10.1108/00022660410555121
- Zvegintsev, Valery Ivanovich. 2022. “DETERMINATION OF AIR-JET ENGINE THRUst.” In International Conference on the Methods of Aerophysical Research (ICMAR). https://doi.org/10.53954/9785604788967_224
- Zvegintsev, V. I. 2023. “Determination of Thrust Characteristics of Air-Breathing Jet Engine.” Thermophysics and Aeromechanics 29 (6): 815–37. https://doi.org/10.1134/s0869864322060026
- Zwerger, Christian, Stefan Hickel, Christian Breitsamter, and Nikolaus Adams. 2015. “Wall Modeled Large Eddy Simulation of the VFE-2 Delta Wing.” In 33rd AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. AIAA 2015-2572. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2015-2572
- Παπαδόπουλος, Κωνσταντίνος. n.d. “Hybrid-Electric Aircraft Propulsion Mission Performance Optimisation.” PhD diss., Αριστοτέλειο Πανεπιστήμιο Θεσσαλονίκης (ΑΠΘ), Σχολή Πολυτεχνική, Τμήμα Μηχανολόγων Μηχανικών, Εργαστήριο Μηχανικής Ρευστών και Στροβιλομηχανών. https://doi.org/10.12681/eadd/61384
- Константиновская, Т.В., В.Е. Борисов, and А.Е. Луцкий. 2025. “Visualization of Delta Wing Vortex System.” In ГрафиКон 2025. Crossref. https://doi.org/10.25686/978-5-8158-2474-4-2025-487-493
- 남서울대학교 대학원 빅테이터콘텐츠융합학과 교수 and Chang-Duk Kim. 2025. “Development Directions for Korean UAM/AAM Vertiport Design Guidelines: Based on International Standards of FAA, NASA, and EASA and Domestic Demonstration Cases.” Journal of Next-generation Convergence Technology Association 9 (11): 2904–14. https://doi.org/10.33097/jncta.2025.09.11.2904
- 向, 飞宇, 文超 薛, 森 陈, and 言军 张. 2023. “ADRC-Based Control Allocation Method and Theory for 3-DOF Thrust-Vectored Aircraft.” SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis 53 (6): 1163. https://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2022-0018
- 姜, 亚中. 2018. “Research on Improvement of Transient Control Algorithm for Dual System Hybrid VTOL UAV Based on PX4.” Dynamical Systems and Control 07 (03): 245–52. https://doi.org/10.12677/dsc.2018.73027
- 聂, 帅. 2017. “Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of Hybrid VTOL UAV.” Modeling and Simulation 06 (03): 143–50. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2017.63017
- 胡, 伟, 可南 雍, and 谋 陈. 2022. “Disturbance Interval Observer-Based Carrier Landing Control of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Using Prescribed Performance.” SCIENTIA SINICA Informationis 52 (9): 1711. https://doi.org/10.1360/ssi-2022-0051
- 谢, 立威. 2023. “The Design of a UAV Take-Off, Landing and Recovery Platform.” Modeling and Simulation 12 (01): 490–500. https://doi.org/10.12677/mos.2023.121046
- 鲁, 博. 2020. “Research on the Total Energy Control System of Composite VTOL UAV Based on Px4.” Dynamical Systems and Control 09 (02): 99–108. https://doi.org/10.12677/dsc.2020.92009
Secondary Sources
- Abdessameud, Abdelkader, and Abdelhamid Tayebi. 2013a. Motion Coordination for VTOL Unmanned Aerial Vehicles: Attitude Synchronisation and Formation Control. Springer London. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5094-7
- Aircraft Dynamic Stability and Response. 1980. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2013-0-03248-3
- Airfield Compatibility: Key Principles for Landing Gear Design. 2022. SAE International eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4271/9781468604672
- Asselin, Mario. 2021. Operational Aircraft Performance and Flight Test Practices. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.105920
- Borchers, Paul F., James A. Franklin, and Jay W. Fletcher. 1998. Flight Research at Ames: Fifty-Seven Years of Development and Validation of Aeronautical Technology. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19990062580
- Brignardello, Monica. 2023. Urban Air Mobility. Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803923659.00156
- Campbell, J. P. 1962. Vertical Takeoff and Landing Aircraft. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19630017020
- Currey, Norman S. 1988. Aircraft Landing Gear Design: Principles and Practices. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.861468
- Curtis, Peter, Richard E. Kuhn, and Richard J. Margason. 2007. Jet Induced Effects: The Aerodynamics of Jet and Fan Powered V/STOL Aircraft in Hover and Transition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.866869
- Durham, Wayne, Kenneth A. Bordignon, and Roger Beck. 2016. Aircraft Control Allocation. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118827789
- Franklin, James A. 2002. Dynamics, Control, and Flying Qualities of V/STOL Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.861758
- Hirschberg, Michael J. 1997. Soviet V/STOL Aircraft: The Struggle for a Shipborne Combat Capability. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.868146
- Hiscock, Richard. 1981. Case Study on the De Havilland Family of STOL Commuter Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.867989
- Howe, Denis. 2000. Aircraft Conceptual Design Synthesis. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118903094
- Jenkins, Dennis R., Tony Landis, and Jay Miller. 2003a. American X-Vehicles: An Inventory X-1 to X-50 Centennial of Flight Edition. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL20394726W
- Jenkins, Dennis R., Tony Landis, and Jay Miller. 2003b. American X-Vehicles: An Inventory—X-1 to X-50. NASA History Office. https://www.nasa.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/sp-4531.pdf
- Katz, Joseph, and Allen Plotkin. 2001. Low-Speed Aerodynamics. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511810329
- Kimberlin, Ralph D. 2003. Flight Testing of Fixed-Wing Aircraft. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.861840
- Maisel, Martin D., Demo J. Giulianetti, and Daniel C. Dugan. 2000. The History of the XV-15 Tilt Rotor Research Aircraft: From Concept to Flight. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20000027499
- Miller, Jay. 2001. The X-Planes: X-1 to X-45: 3rd Edition. Midland. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL7006680W
- Mooij, H. A. 1985a. Criteria for Low-Speed Longitudinal Handling Qualities. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1193-7
- Norton, Bill. 2002. STOL Progenitors: The Technology Path to a Large STOL Aircraft and the C-17A. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.868160
- Padfield, Gareth D. 2007. Helicopter Flight Dynamics: The Theory and Application of Flying Qualities and Simulation Modelling. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470691847
- Parameter Estimation Techniques and Application in Aircraft Flight Testing. 1974. NASA. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19740017456
- Raymer, Daniel. 2012. Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Fifth Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.869112
- Raymer, Daniel. 2018. Aircraft Design: A Conceptual Approach, Sixth Edition. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.104909
- Rogers, Mike. 1989. VTOL Military Research Aircraft. Haynes. https://openlibrary.org/works/OL4784139W
- Rom, Josef. 1992. High Angle of Attack Aerodynamics: Subsonic, Transonic, and Supersonic Flows. Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2824-0
- Schmidt, Robert Kyle. 2015. Advances in Aircraft Landing Gear. SAE International eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4271/pt-169
- Schmidt, Robert Kyle. 2021. The Design of Aircraft Landing Gear. SAE International eBooks. https://doi.org/10.4271/9780768099430
- Smetana, Frederick O. 2001. Flight Vehicle Performance and Aerodynamic Control. American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. https://doi.org/10.2514/4.861857
- Sobron, Alejandro. 2018. On Subscale Flight Testing: Applications in Aircraft Conceptual Design. Linköping University Electronic Press. https://doi.org/10.3384/lic.diva-152488
- Sobrón Rueda, Alejandro. 2021. On Subscale Flight Testing: Cost-Effective Techniques for Research and Development. Linköping University Electronic Press. https://doi.org/10.3384/diss.diva-175520
- Srinathkumar, S. 2011. Eigenstructure Control Algorithms: Applications to Aircraft/rotorcraft Handling Qualities Design. Institution of Engineering and Technology. https://doi.org/10.1049/pbce074e
Commercial Sources
- “Ryan X-13 Vertijet.” n.d.-a. Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://airandspace.si.edu/collection-objects/ryan-x-13-vertijet/nasm_A19600018000
- “Ryan X-13 Vertijet.” n.d.-b. Accessed October 24, 2026. https://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/Visit/Museum-Exhibits/Fact-Sheets/Display/Article/195753/ryan-x-13-vertijet/
Tertiary Sources
- “Convair XFY Pogo.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified September 9, at 17:52 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Convair_XFY_Pogo&oldid=1374076198
- “Hawker Siddeley P.1127.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified July 21, at 04:17 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hawker_Siddeley_P.1127&oldid=1365240640
- “Lockheed XFV.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified May 10, at 23:02 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lockheed_XFV&oldid=1353551392
- “Rolls-Royce Avon.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified September 21, at 01:18 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Avon&oldid=1375941995
- “Ryan X-13 Vertijet.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified May 14, at 16:39 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ryan_X-13_Vertijet&oldid=1354149090
- “Tail-Sitter.” 2026. Wikipedia. Last modified October 10, at 07:28 (UTC). https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tail-sitter&oldid=1379486042
Related Posts
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Framing and the Research Aircraft Model.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 6. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/06/x_planes_framing.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-1.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 7. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/07/x_planes_bell_x1.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-2.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 8. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/08/x_planes_bell_x2.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Douglas X-3 Stiletto.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 9. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/09/x_planes_douglas_x3.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Northrop X-4 Bantam.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 10. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/10/x_planes_northrop_x4.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-5.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 11. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/11/x_planes_bell_x5.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Convair X-6.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 12. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/12/x_planes_convair_x6.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Lockheed X-7.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 13. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/13/x_planes_lockheed_x7.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Aerojet X-8 Aerobee.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 14. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/14/x_planes_aerojet_x8.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Bell X-9 Shrike.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 15. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/15/x_planes_bell_x9.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: North American X-10.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 16. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/16/x_planes_north_american_x10.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Convair X-11.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 17. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/17/x_planes_convair_x11.html
- Sechter, Brendan. 2025. “X-Planes: Convair X-12.” Brendan A R Sechter’s Development Blog, October 18. https://sgeos.github.io/aerospace/history/engineering/2025/10/18/x_planes_convair_x12.html
Referenced by
- Access, Legible State and Recomputation in a Three-Model Harness 2026-10-31
- X-Planes: Synthesis and What the Designation Became 2025-12-16
- X-Planes: Bell Textron X-76 SPRINT 2025-12-15
- X-Planes: X-69 through X-75, the Leapfrogged Block 2025-12-14
- X-Planes: General Atomics X-68 LongShot 2025-12-13
- X-Planes: X-67, the Slot Taken by XQ-67A 2025-12-12
- X-Planes: Boeing X-66 2025-12-11
- X-Planes: Aurora Flight Sciences X-65 CRANE 2025-12-10
- X-Planes: Invocon X-64 2025-12-09
- X-Planes: ABL Space Systems X-63 2025-12-08
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-62 VISTA 2025-12-07
- X-Planes: Dynetics X-61 Gremlins 2025-12-06
- X-Planes: Generation Orbit X-60 2025-12-05
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-59 Quesst 2025-12-04
- X-Planes: X-58, the Slot Taken by XQ-58 2025-12-03
- X-Planes: ESAero X-57 Maxwell 2025-12-02
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-56 2025-12-01
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-55 ACCA 2025-11-30
- X-Planes: Gulfstream X-54 2025-11-29
- X-Planes: Boeing X-53 Active Aeroelastic Wing 2025-11-28
- X-Planes: X-52, the Designation Refused 2025-11-27
- X-Planes: Boeing X-51 Waverider 2025-11-26
- X-Planes: Boeing X-50 Dragonfly 2025-11-25
- X-Planes: Piasecki X-49 SpeedHawk 2025-11-24
- X-Planes: Boeing X-48 2025-11-23
- X-Planes: Northrop Grumman X-47 2025-11-22
- X-Planes: Boeing X-46 2025-11-21
- X-Planes: Boeing X-45 2025-11-20
- X-Planes: X-44, One Designation and Two Aircraft 2025-11-19
- X-Planes: Micro-Craft X-43 Hyper-X 2025-11-18
- X-Planes: Orbital Sciences X-42 2025-11-17
- X-Planes: X-41 Common Aero Vehicle 2025-11-16
- X-Planes: Boeing X-40 2025-11-15
- X-Planes: X-39, Reserved but Never Assigned 2025-11-14
- X-Planes: Scaled Composites X-38 2025-11-13
- X-Planes: Boeing X-37 2025-11-12
- X-Planes: McDonnell Douglas X-36 2025-11-11
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-35 2025-11-10
- X-Planes: Orbital Sciences X-34 2025-11-09
- X-Planes: Lockheed Martin X-33 2025-11-08
- X-Planes: Boeing X-32 2025-11-07
- X-Planes: Rockwell-MBB X-31 2025-11-06
- X-Planes: Rockwell X-30 and the National Aero-Space Plane 2025-11-05
- X-Planes: Grumman X-29 2025-11-04
- X-Planes: Osprey X-28 Sea Skimmer 2025-11-03
- X-Planes: Lockheed X-27 2025-11-02
- X-Planes: Schweizer X-26 Frigate 2025-11-01
- X-Planes: Bensen X-25 2025-10-31
- X-Planes: Martin Marietta X-24 2025-10-30
- X-Planes: Martin Marietta X-23 PRIME and a Contested Assignment 2025-10-29
- X-Planes: Bell X-22 2025-10-28
- X-Planes: Northrop X-21 2025-10-27
- X-Planes: Boeing X-20 Dyna-Soar 2025-10-26
- X-Planes: Curtiss-Wright X-19 2025-10-25
- X-Planes: Hiller X-18 2025-10-24
- X-Planes: Lockheed X-17 2025-10-23
- X-Planes: Bell X-16 2025-10-22
- X-Planes: North American X-15 2025-10-21
- X-Planes: Bell X-14 2025-10-20